FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Evans, W Mathis, JT Winsor, P Statscewich, H Whitledge, TE AF Evans, Wiley Mathis, Jeremy T. Winsor, Peter Statscewich, Hank Whitledge, Terry E. TI A regression modeling approach for studying carbonate system variability in the northern Gulf of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; INORGANIC CARBON; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; NORTHWESTERN GULF; SURFACE SEAWATER; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SHELF; PH AB The northern Gulf of Alaska (GOA) shelf experiences carbonate system variability on seasonal and annual time scales, but little information exists to resolve higher frequency variability in this region. To resolve this variability using platforms-of-opportunity, we present multiple linear regression (MLR) models constructed from hydrographic data collected along the Northeast Pacific Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) Seward Line. The empirical algorithms predict dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) using observations of nitrate (NO3-), temperature, salinity and pressure from the surface to 500 m, with R(2)s > 0.97 and RMSE values of 11 mu mol kg(-1) for DIC and 9 mu mol kg(-1) for TA. We applied these relationships to high-resolution NO3- data sets collected during a novel 20 h glider flight and a GLOBEC mesoscale SeaSoar survey. Results from the glider flight demonstrated time/space along-isopycnal variability of aragonite saturations (Omega(arag)) associated with a dicothermal layer (a cold near-surface layer found in high latitude oceans) that rivaled changes seen vertically through the thermocline. The SeaSoar survey captured the uplift to <100 m of dense, high-pCO(2) waters at the shelf break that had been forced by the passage of a Yakutat eddy. During this event, the aragonite saturation horizon (depth where Omega(arag) = 1) shoaled to a previously unseen depth in the northern GOA. This work is similar to recent studies aimed at predicting the carbonate system in continental margin settings, albeit demonstrates that a NO3--based approach can be applied to high-latitude data collected from platforms capable of high-frequency measurements. Citation: Evans, W., J. T. Mathis, P. Winsor, H. Statscewich, and T. E. Whitledge (2013), A regression modeling approach for studying carbonate system variability in the northern Gulf of Alaska, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 476-489, doi:10.1029/2012JC008246. C1 [Evans, Wiley; Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Winsor, Peter; Statscewich, Hank; Whitledge, Terry E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Evans, W (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, 245 ONeill Bldg, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM wiley.evans@alaska.edu FU National Science Foundation [ARC-1107997] FX The authors would like to thank the captain and crew of the USGS R/V Tiglax for their help and support with the collection of the calibration data used for this work. We also thank Dan Naber, Natalie Monacci, Kristen Shake, Rachel Potter, and Scott Pegau for their help with the collection and processing of data used in this manuscript. We thank Laurie Juranek for her consultation regarding the design of the statistical approaches used to develop MLR relationships. We thank Rik Wanninkhof and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (ARC-1107997). NR 72 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 476 EP 489 DI 10.1029/2012JC008246 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 129JU UT WOS:000317836100033 ER PT J AU Shiokawa, K Miyoshi, Y Brandt, PC Evans, DS Frey, HU Goldstein, J Yumoto, K AF Shiokawa, K. Miyoshi, Y. Brandt, P. C. Evans, D. S. Frey, H. U. Goldstein, J. Yumoto, K. TI Ground and satellite observations of low-latitude red auroras at the initial phase of magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RING CURRENT; DMSP SATELLITES; IMAGE MISSION; ELECTRONS; ARCS; PLASMASPHERE; PLASMAPAUSE; MODEL; EVOLUTION; STATIONS AB We report ground and satellite observations of unique low-latitude red auroras that appear at the initial phase of geomagnetic storms. For two events on 21 October 2001, and 6 April 2000, the low-latitude red auroras appeared at similar to 45 degrees MLAT (L similar to 2) similar to 1.5 h after the storm sudden commencement in the postmidnight sector in Japan. Comprehensive satellite data were available for the former event. The energetic neutral atom images obtained by the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration satellite show rapid enhancement of ring current hydrogen and oxygen fluxes at radial distances of similar to 2-8 R-E after the storm sudden commencement and associated with several storm-time substorms. The hydrogen ring-current enhancement occurred particularly in the postmidnight sector where the red aurora was observed. The timing of oxygen flux enhancement associated with a storm-time substorm coincided with the red aurora appearance. This rapid and significant enhancement of energetic neutral atom flux was also confirmed by energetic ion data obtained by the NOAA/POES-16 satellite. Extreme ultraviolet plasmaspheric images obtained by Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration indicate that the plasmapause was located at L = 2.3-2.5 in the postmidnight sector during the event, indicating that a spatial overlap occurs between the plasmasphere and the enhanced ring current ions at L similar to 2. Based on these observations, we suggest that large energization of high-energy ring-current ions in the postmidnight inner magnetosphere caused the spatial overlap of these ring-current ions with the low-energy plasmaspheric plasmas at L similar to 2, producing the low-latitude red auroras at the very beginning of the storms. Citation: Shiokawa, K., Y. Miyoshi, P. C. Brandt, D. S. Evans, H. U. Frey, J. Goldstein, and K. Yumoto (2013), Ground and satellite observations of low-latitude red auroras at the initial phase of magnetic storms, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 256-270, doi:10.1029/2012JA018001. C1 [Shiokawa, K.; Miyoshi, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Brandt, P. C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Frey, H. U.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, J.] SW Res Inst, Space Sci & Engn Div, San Antonio, TX USA. [Yumoto, K.] Kyushu Univ, Space Environm Res Ctr, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Shiokawa, K (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Chikusa Ku, Furo Cho, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM shiokawa@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016; OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240; Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 FU NASA [NNX10AQ56G]; Dynamics of the Sun-Earth-Life Interactive System (21st Century COE Program) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [G-4]; [11440145]; [13573006]; [13136201]; [18403011] FX We thank Y. Otsuka, Y. Katoh, M. Satoh, and T. Katoh of the Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, for their helpful assistance in the development and operation of ground-based instruments at Rikubetsu. We are also grateful to K. Hanano and N. Yokozeki of the Rikubetsu Observatory for their continuous support of the measurements. The all-sky imagers and photometers were calibrated using the optical facilities at the National Institute of Polar Research, Japan. The ground magnetic field data were provided by the 210 degrees MM and CPMN projects. The IMF and solar wind data of the ACE satellite were provided by the CDAWweb. The Dst indices were provided by the WDC-C2 for Geo-magnetism, Kyoto University. The NOAA/POES particle data were provided by NOAA. The IMAGE/HENA data analysis was supported by the NASA grant NNX10AQ56G. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (11440145, 13573006, and 13136201, 18403011) and by Dynamics of the Sun-Earth-Life Interactive System (G-4, the 21st Century COE Program) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 256 EP 270 DI 10.1029/2012JA018001 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600025 ER PT J AU Hartinger, MD Turner, DL Plaschke, F Angelopoulos, V Singer, H AF Hartinger, M. D. Turner, D. L. Plaschke, F. Angelopoulos, V. Singer, H. TI The role of transient ion foreshock phenomena in driving Pc5 ULF wave activity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; LOCAL TIME ASYMMETRY; SOLAR-WIND PRESSURE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; BOW SHOCK; LONG-PERIOD; MAGNETOSPHERE; PULSATIONS; MAGNETOPAUSE; EVENTS AB The ion foreshock is a source of energy for magnetospheric ULF waves, but it is usually only considered effective at driving ULF waves with frequencies above the Pc5 (2-7 mHz) range. We present observations for an 8 h high speed solar wind interval on 14 July 2008 during which three distinct types of transient ion foreshock phenomena (TIFP) were observed just upstream of the dayside bow shock. We demonstrate that TIFP generate global magnetospheric Pc5 ULF waves with amplitudes as large as 10 mV/m in the electric field and 10 nT in the magnetic field. We characterize the magnetospheric ULF response to several different TIFP that occur during this interval, including the first report of the ULF response to a foreshock bubble. Using a novel spacecraft configuration, we find that the local time with the highest Pc5 wave amplitude is closely related to the location of the ion foreshock. Statistical studies of Pc5 ULF wave activity, other case studies of ULF waves driven by processes in the ion foreshock, and recent theoretical and simulation work on TIFP place these results in context: TIFP are an important energy source for Pc5 ULF waves in the magnetosphere. Citation: Hartinger, M. D., D. L. Turner, F. Plaschke, V. Angelopoulos, and H. Singer (2013), The role of transient ion foreshock phenomena in driving Pc5ULF wave activity, J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics, 118, 299-312, doi:10.1029/2012JA018349. C1 [Hartinger, M. D.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hartinger, M. D.; Turner, D. L.; Plaschke, F.; Angelopoulos, V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Singer, H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hartinger, MD (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Space Res Bldg,2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mdhartin@umich.edu RI Hartinger, Michael/H-9088-2012; Turner, Drew/G-3224-2012 OI Hartinger, Michael/0000-0002-2643-2202; FU NASA THEMIS contract [NAS5-02099]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302] FX We acknowledge NASA THEMIS contract NAS5-02099 and thank C. W. Carlson and J. P. McFadden for the use of the ESA data, D. Larson and R. P. Lin for the use of SST data, and K. H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. We acknowledge Elizabeth Lucek and the Cluster FGM team for use of the Cluster magnetic field data. We thank the NASA Space Science Data facility for use of solar wind data and geomagnetic activity indices. We thank David Sibeck and Robert McPherron for useful discussions. NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 299 EP 312 DI 10.1029/2012JA018349 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 129RC UT WOS:000317858600028 ER PT J AU Wang, XW Xie, HJ Mazari, N Zeitler, J Sharif, H Hammond, W AF Wang, Xianwei Xie, Hongjie Mazari, Newfel Zeitler, Jon Sharif, Hatim Hammond, Weldon TI Evaluation of a near-real time NEXRAD DSP product in evolution of heavy rain events on the Upper Guadalupe River Basin, Texas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROINFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE DSP; evaluation; MPE; NEXRAD; rain ID ANTECEDENT MOISTURE CONDITION; III PRECIPITATION DATA; RADAR; SYSTEM; FLOOD AB This study evaluates the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Digital Storm-Total Precipitation product (DSP) by analyzing 30 rain events on the Upper Guadalupe River Basin, Texas, from September 2006 to May 2007. The DSP product provides relatively accurate information on the evolution of rain events at high spatial and temporal resolutions in near-real time. This is particularly important for rainfall estimation of heavy rain events and flash flood forecasting. The DSP's accuracy is comparable to the other NEXRAD product MPE (multisensor precipitation estimator, at hourly resolution and 4 km grid spacing) at both hourly and event total scales for some heavy rain events, although the DSP is inferior to the MPE product for total rainfall of all 30 rain events analyzed, especially for light rain events. The DSP product shows the best agreement with gauges at ranges of 50-150 km from the radar (with mean absolute estimation bias (MAEB) of +15-22% for total rainfall of 30 rain events), while underestimating precipitation at both close ranges (<30 km) and far ranges (>180 km). The DSP product also tends to underestimate (overestimate) precipitation during event growth (dissipation). However, the total rainfall estimate for all rain events over a long period from DSP shows range dependence and is not recommended for calculation of water resource budget. C1 [Wang, Xianwei] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Xianwei] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Guangdong Key Lab Urbanizat & Geosimulat, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Xie, Hongjie; Mazari, Newfel; Hammond, Weldon] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zeitler, Jon] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Austin San Antonio Weather Forecast Off, New Braunfels, TX 78130 USA. [Sharif, Hatim] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Wang, XW (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Geog & Planning, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM wangxw8@mail.sysu.edu.cn RI Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009; Wang, Xianwei/E-2146-2011; Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010 OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210; FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2012AA121403]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB955903]; NOAA/UCAR/COMET [S06-58383, S08-68870]; NOAA [NA06NWS4680012]; UTSA Center for Water Research; DSPtoShapeFile program, Jason Burks (National Weather Service Forecast Office, Huntsville, Alabama) FX This study was partly supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2012AA121403), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2012CB955903), the NOAA/UCAR/COMET grants (#S06-58383, #S08-68870), and NOAA grant (#NA06NWS4680012). The graduate student scholarship for N. Mazari provided by the UTSA Center for Water Research, and the DSPtoShapeFile program provided by Jason Burks (National Weather Service Forecast Office, Huntsville, Alabama) are greatly appreciated. Help from Greg Story (National Weather Service West Gulf River Forecast Center) and the Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority in archiving and providing radar and rain gauge data are sincerely appreciated. We thank the two anonymous referees for their careful and helpful reviews. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU IWA PUBLISHING PI LONDON PA ALLIANCE HOUSE, 12 CAXTON ST, LONDON SW1H0QS, ENGLAND SN 1464-7141 J9 J HYDROINFORM JI J. Hydroinform. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 464 EP 485 DI 10.2166/hydro.2012.016 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 124QY UT WOS:000317481900018 ER PT J AU Straub, M Tremblay, MM Sigman, DM Studer, AS Ren, H Toggweiler, JR Haug, GH AF Straub, M. Tremblay, M. M. Sigman, D. M. Studer, A. S. Ren, H. Toggweiler, J. R. Haug, G. H. TI Nutrient conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic during the last glacial period reconstructed from foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ICE-RAFTED DETRITUS; HEINRICH EVENTS; PLANKTONIC-FORAMINIFERA; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ORGANIC-MATTER; SEA-ICE; SURFACE SALINITY; GREENLAND ICE AB Surface nitrate concentration is a potentially useful diagnostic in reconstructing the past circulation of high-latitude North Atlantic waters. Moreover, nutrient consumption in the North Atlantic surface impacts the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. To reconstruct nutrient conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic region during the last ice age, a record of foraminifera-bound delta N-15 was measured in Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.) from core V28-73 south of Iceland (57.2 degrees N, 20.9 degrees W). Foraminifera-bound delta N-15 is up to 2 parts per thousand lower during the last ice age than during the Holocene, suggesting as much as similar to 25% less complete nitrate consumption during the former. This is consistent with stronger light limitation associated with a deeper summer surface mixed layer, perhaps related to the formation of Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water previously suggested to have occurred near the core site. However, three single-point maxima in delta N-15 in the glacial section and the sharp deglacial delta N-15 rise coincide with Heinrich event layers. This suggests that increased water column stratification during Heinrich events, presumably due to surface freshening, reduced the nutrient supply from below and led to nearly complete nitrate consumption in the summertime mixed layer. The Heinrich layers in V28-73 are not accompanied by delta O-18 minima in either N. pachyderma (sin.) or Globigerinoides bulloides, which we tentatively attribute to extreme mixed-layer shoaling. The reconstructed subpolar North Atlantic upper water column changes-both glacial/interglacial and millennial-are inverse to those inferred for the Antarctic. Citation: Straub, M., M. M. Tremblay, D. M. Sigman, A. S. Studer, H. Ren, J. R. Toggweiler, and G. H. Haug (2013), Nutrient conditions in the subpolar North Atlantic during the last glacial period reconstructed from foraminifera-bound nitrogen isotopes, Paleoceanography, 28, 79-90, doi:10.1002/palo.20013. C1 [Straub, M.; Studer, A. S.; Haug, G. H.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Tremblay, M. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sigman, D. M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ren, H.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Straub, M (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geol, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM marietta.straub@erdw.ethz.ch RI Sigman, Daniel/A-2649-2008; Tremblay, Marissa/I-3946-2015; OI Sigman, Daniel/0000-0002-7923-1973; Tremblay, Marissa/0000-0001-9984-9554; Studer, Anja/0000-0001-7354-8497; REN, HAO-JIA/0000-0002-1769-4243 FU SNF foundation grant [200021-131886/1]; US NSF grant [OCE-1060947]; NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program FX We thank M.A. Weigand, S. Oleynik, N. Crompton, S. Breitenbach, and K. Ellis for technical assistance and advice. We also thank S. Hemming for giving M.M.T. access to her lab facilities and S. Myneni for his support with the FTIR measurements. Funding was provided by SNF foundation grant (200021-131886/1), US NSF grant OCE-1060947, and the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program. This research used samples provided by the LDEO core repository. Two anonymous reviewers provided feedback that improved the manuscript. NR 81 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 DI 10.1002/palo.20013 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 129KO UT WOS:000317838200008 ER PT J AU Brioude, J Angevine, WM Ahmadov, R Kim, SW Evan, S McKeen, SA Hsie, EY Frost, GJ Neuman, JA Pollack, IB Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Holloway, J Brown, SS Nowak, JB Roberts, JM Wofsy, SC Santoni, GW Oda, T Trainer, M AF Brioude, J. Angevine, W. M. Ahmadov, R. Kim, S. -W. Evan, S. McKeen, S. A. Hsie, E. -Y. Frost, G. J. Neuman, J. A. Pollack, I. B. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Holloway, J. Brown, S. S. Nowak, J. B. Roberts, J. M. Wofsy, S. C. Santoni, G. W. Oda, T. Trainer, M. TI Top-down estimate of surface flux in the Los Angeles Basin using a mesoscale inverse modeling technique: assessing anthropogenic emissions of CO, NOx and CO2 and their impacts SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEXAS AIR-QUALITY; SYSTEM; URBAN; GASES AB We present top-down estimates of anthropogenic CO, NOx and CO2 surface fluxes at mesoscale using a Lagrangian model in combination with three different WRF model configurations, driven by data from aircraft flights during the CALNEX campaign in southern California in May-June 2010. The US EPA National Emission Inventory 2005 (NEI 2005) was the prior in the CO and NOx inversion calculations. The flux ratio inversion method, based on linear relationships between chemical species, was used to calculate the CO2 inventory without prior knowledge of CO2 surface fluxes. The inversion was applied to each flight to estimate the variability of single-flight-based flux estimates. In Los Angeles (LA) County, the uncertainties on CO and NOx fluxes were 10% and 15 %, respectively. Compared with NEI 2005, the CO posterior emissions were lower by 43% in LA County and by 37% in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). NOx posterior emissions were lower by 32% in LA County and by 27% in the SoCAB. NOx posterior emissions were 40% lower on weekends relative to weekdays. The CO2 posterior estimates were 183 Tgyr(-1) in SoCAB. A flight during ITCT (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation) in 2002 was used to estimate emissions in the LA Basin in 2002. From 2002 to 2010, the CO and NOx posterior emissions decreased by 41% and 37%, respectively, in agreement with previous studies. Over the same time period, CO2 emissions increased by 10% in LA County but decreased by 4% in the SoCAB, a statistically insignificant change. Overall, the posterior estimates were in good agreement with the California Air Resources Board (CARB) inventory, with differences of 15% or less. However, the posterior spatial distribution in the basin was significantly different from CARB for NOx emissions. WRF-Chem mesoscale chemical-transport model simulations allowed an evaluation of differences in chemistry using different inventory assumptions, including NEI 2005, a gridded CARB inventory and the posterior inventories derived in this study. The biases in WRF-Chem ozone were reduced and correlations were increased using the posterior from this study compared with simulations with the two bottom-up inventories, suggesting that improving the spatial distribution of ozone precursor surface emissions is also important in mesoscale chemistry simulations. C1 [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; Ahmadov, R.; Kim, S. -W.; McKeen, S. A.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Frost, G. J.; Neuman, J. A.; Pollack, I. B.; Peischl, J.; Holloway, J.; Nowak, J. B.; Roberts, J. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; Ahmadov, R.; Kim, S. -W.; Evan, S.; McKeen, S. A.; Hsie, E. -Y.; Frost, G. J.; Neuman, J. A.; Pollack, I. B.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Holloway, J.; Brown, S. S.; Nowak, J. B.; Roberts, J. M.; Trainer, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Wofsy, S. C.; Santoni, G. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wofsy, S. C.; Santoni, G. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Oda, T.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospheres, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oda, T.] Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brioude, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jerome.brioude@noaa.gov RI Kim, Si-Wan/I-3979-2013; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/I-4449-2013; Evan, Stephanie/C-2213-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ahmadov, Ravan/F-2036-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012 OI Kim, Si-Wan/0000-0002-7889-189X; Hsie, Eirh-Yu/0000-0003-3934-9923; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Ahmadov, Ravan/0000-0002-6996-7071; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594 FU NOAA; NIES-GOSAT project FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Programs. We thank Ann Middlebrook and Roya Bahreini for the NO3- data. The intial version of ODIAC emissions dataset was developed by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) project at National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. The current ODIAC project is financially supported by the NIES-GOSAT project. NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 4 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 7 BP 3661 EP 3677 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3661-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126HV UT WOS:000317605400008 ER PT J AU Cocco, V Joos, F Steinacher, M Frolicher, TL Bopp, L Dunne, J Gehlen, M Heinze, C Orr, J Oschlies, A Schneider, B Segschneider, J Tjiputra, J AF Cocco, V. Joos, F. Steinacher, M. Froelicher, T. L. Bopp, L. Dunne, J. Gehlen, M. Heinze, C. Orr, J. Oschlies, A. Schneider, B. Segschneider, J. Tjiputra, J. TI Oxygen and indicators of stress for marine life in multi-model global warming projections SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ISOPYCNIC COORDINATE MODEL; SUBTROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; CARBON-CYCLE FEEDBACKS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TROPICAL OCEANS; REDFIELD RATIOS; CO2 AB Decadal-to-century scale trends for a range of marine environmental variables in the upper mesopelagic layer (UML, 100-600 m) are investigated using results from seven Earth System Models forced by a high greenhouse gas emission scenario. The models as a class represent the observation-based distribution of oxygen (O-2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), albeit major mismatches between observation-based and simulated values remain for individual models. By year 2100 all models project an increase in SST between 2 degrees C and 3 degrees C, and a decrease in the pH and in the saturation state of water with respect to calcium carbonate minerals in the UML. A decrease in the total ocean inventory of dissolved oxygen by 2% to 4% is projected by the range of models. Projected O-2 changes in the UML show a complex pattern with both increasing and decreasing trends reflecting the subtle balance of different competing factors such as circulation, production, remineralization, and temperature changes. Projected changes in the total volume of hypoxic and suboxic waters remain relatively small in all models. A widespread increase of CO2 in the UML is projected. The median of the CO2 distribution between 100 and 600m shifts from 0.1-0.2 mol m(-3) in year 1990 to 0.2-0.4 mol m(-3) in year 2100, primarily as a result of the invasion of anthropogenic carbon from the atmosphere. The co-occurrence of changes in a range of environmental variables indicates the need to further investigate their synergistic impacts on marine ecosystems and Earth System feedbacks. C1 [Cocco, V.; Joos, F.; Steinacher, M.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Cocco, V.; Joos, F.; Steinacher, M.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Froelicher, T. L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bopp, L.; Gehlen, M.; Orr, J.] LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dunne, J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Heinze, C.; Tjiputra, J.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, C.; Tjiputra, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, C.; Tjiputra, J.] Uni Res, Uni Klima, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Oschlies, A.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel GEOMAR, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Schneider, B.] Univ Kiel, Inst Geosci, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Segschneider, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Cocco, V (reprint author), Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Sidlerstr 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM cocco@climate.unibe.ch RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Oschlies, Andreas/F-9749-2012; Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; Steinacher, Marco/J-1527-2012; OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Oschlies, Andreas/0000-0002-8295-4013; Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080; Schneider, Birgit/0000-0001-9142-1457; Steinacher, Marco/0000-0002-4795-1749; Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030 FU "European Project on Ocean Acidification" EPOCA [211384]; European Project CARBOCHANGE [264879]; European Commission; Swiss National Science Foundation; EU FP7 project COMBINE [226520]; Research Council of Norway [185105/S30]; Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science and Storage Infrastructure (NOTUR) [nn2980k, ns2980k]; Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science and Storage Infrastructure (Norstore) [nn2980k, ns2980k]; NF-UBC Nereus Program FX This work was funded by the "European Project on Ocean Acidification" EPOCA (211384) and by the European Project CARBOCHANGE (264879), which both received funding from the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), and by the Swiss National Science Foundation. Simulations with CSM1.4 and CCSM3 were carried out at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS) in Manno, Switzerland. We thank S. C. Doney, I. Fung, K. Lindsay, J. John and colleagues for providing the CSM1.4-carbon code. MPIM computations were done at Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ). This publication is also listed as publication A418 from the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. University of Bergen and Uni Klima further were supported through EU FP7 project COMBINE (grant agreement no. 226520), the Research Council of Norway funded project CarboSeason (185105/S30), and the Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science and Storage Infrastructure (NOTUR and Norstore, "Biogeochemical Earth System Modelling" projects nn2980k and ns2980k). This is a contribution to core project BIOFEEDBACK of the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) at Bergen. T. L. Frolicher was supported by the NF-UBC Nereus Program. NR 106 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1849 EP 1868 DI 10.5194/bg-10-1849-2013 PG 20 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 118FV UT WOS:000317010600040 ER PT J AU Wanninkhof, R Park, GH Takahashi, T Sweeney, C Feely, R Nojiri, Y Gruber, N Doney, SC McKinley, GA Lenton, A Le Quere, C Heinze, C Schwinger, J Graven, H Khatiwala, S AF Wanninkhof, R. Park, G. -H. Takahashi, T. Sweeney, C. Feely, R. Nojiri, Y. Gruber, N. Doney, S. C. McKinley, G. A. Lenton, A. Le Quere, C. Heinze, C. Schwinger, J. Graven, H. Khatiwala, S. TI Global ocean carbon uptake: magnitude, variability and trends SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID AIR CO2 FLUXES; SEA GAS-EXCHANGE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; SAMPLING-NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; WIND-SPEED AB The globally integrated sea-air anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from 1990 to 2009r is determined from models and data-based approaches as part of the Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) project. Numerical methods include ocean inverse models, atmospheric inverse models, and ocean general circulation models with parameterized biogeochemistry (OBGCMs). The median value of different approaches shows good agreement in average uptake. The best estimate of anthropogenic CO2 uptake for the time period based on a compilation of approaches is -2.0 PgC yr(-1). The interannual variability in the sea-air flux is largely driven by large-scale climate re-organizations and is estimated at 0.2 Pg C yr(-1) for the two decades with some systematic differences between approaches. The largest differences between approaches are seen in the decadal trends. The trends range from -0.13 (Pg C yr(-1)) decade(-1) to -0.50 (Pg C yr(-1)) decade(-1) for the two decades under investigation. The OBGCMs and the data-based sea-air CO2 flux estimates show appreciably smaller decadal trends than estimates based on changes in carbon inventory suggesting that methods capable of resolving shorter timescales are showing a slowing of the rate of ocean CO2 uptake. RECCAP model outputs for five decades show similar differences in trends between approaches. C1 [Wanninkhof, R.; Park, G. -H.] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Park, G. -H.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Takahashi, T.; Khatiwala, S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Sweeney, C.] NOAA, ESRL Carbon Cycle Grp Aircraft Project, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Feely, R.] NOAA, Ocean Climate Res Div, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nojiri, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Gruber, N.; Graven, H.] ETH, Environm Phys Grp, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [McKinley, G. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [McKinley, G. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lenton, A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Le Quere, C.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Heinze, C.; Schwinger, J.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, C.; Schwinger, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, C.] Uni Res, Uni Bjerknes Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Graven, H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Wanninkhof, R (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rik.wanninkhof@noaa.gov RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Graven, Heather/0000-0003-3934-2502 FU Global Carbon Data Management and Synthesis Project of the NOAA Climate Program Office; ETH Zurich; FP7 project CarboChange [264879]; FP7 project GeoCarbon; NSF/OPP [0944761]; NOAA [NA12OAR4310058]; NOAA Climate Process Team activity, NOAA [NA07OAR4310098]; EU FP7 project COMBINE [226520]; Research Council of Norway [185105/S30]; Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science and Storage Infrastructure (NOTUR) [nn2980k, ns2980k]; Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science and Storage Infrastructure (Norstore) [nn2980k, ns2980k]; core project BIOFEEDBACK of the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) within the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research FX We wish to thank Joaquin Trinanes for processing the CCMP wind data. RW, G-HP., RAF were supported in part through the Global Carbon Data Management and Synthesis Project of the NOAA Climate Program Office. NG and HG were supported by funds from ETH Zurich and through the FP7 projects CarboChange (Project reference 264879) and GeoCarbon. CS was supported by grants, NSF/OPP 0944761 and NOAA NA12OAR4310058. SCD acknowledges support through the NOAA Climate Process Team activity, NOAA grant NA07OAR4310098. CH and JS were supported through EU FP7 project COMBINE (grant agreement no. 226520), the Research Council of Norway funded project CarboSeason (185105/S30), the Norwegian Metacenter for Computational Science and Storage Infrastructure (NOTUR and Norstore, "Biogeochemical Earth system modeling" projects nn2980k and ns2980k) and the core project BIOFEEDBACK of the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) within the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. NR 70 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 152 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 3 BP 1983 EP 2000 DI 10.5194/bg-10-1983-2013 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 118FV UT WOS:000317010600048 ER PT J AU Barnes-Mauthe, M Arita, S Allen, SD Gray, SA Leung, P AF Barnes-Mauthe, Michele Arita, Shawn Allen, Stewart D. Gray, Steven A. Leung, PingSun TI The Influence of Ethnic Diversity on Social Network Structure in a Common-Pool Resource System: Implications for Collaborative Management SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE collaborative resource management; common-pool resources; ethnic diversity; fisheries; Hawaii; information exchange; social network analysis ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; EARLY ADOLESCENCE; COLLECTIVE ACTION; ECONOMIC-ACTION; HETEROGENEITY; COMMUNITY; KNOWLEDGE; PATTERNS; EMBEDDEDNESS; IMPACT AB Social networks have recently been identified as key features in facilitating or constraining collaborative arrangements that can enhance resource governance and adaptability in complex social-ecological systems. Nonetheless, the effect of ethnicity on social network structure in an ethnically diverse common-pool resource system is virtually unknown. We characterize the entire social network of Hawaii's longline fishery, an ethnically diverse competitive pelagic fishery, and investigate network homophily, network structure, and cross-scale linkages. Results show that ethnicity significantly influences social network structure and is responsible for a homophily effect, which can create challenges for stakeholder collaboration across groups. Our analysis also suggests that ethnicity influences the formation of diverse network structures, and can affect the level of linkages to outside industry leaders, government or management officials, and members of the scientific community. This study provides the first empirical examination of the impact of ethnic diversity on resource user's social networks in the common-pool resource literature, having important implications for collaborative resource management. C1 [Barnes-Mauthe, Michele; Arita, Shawn; Gray, Steven A.; Leung, PingSun] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Arita, Shawn] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Econ, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Allen, Stewart D.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Barnes-Mauthe, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Nat Resources & Environm Management, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. OI Barnes, Michele/0000-0002-1151-4037 FU Pelagic Fisheries Research Program FX We would like to thank the Pelagic Fisheries Research Program for funding support; our hardworking translators Sunny Bak and Jennifer Tran; and all of the fishers who participated in this study. We also thank Chris Malkus for his graphic design expertise. Lastly, we would like to acknowledge our reviewers, who provided thoughtful and constructive comments that we believe greatly strengthened our work. NR 72 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 48 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 AR 23 DI 10.5751/ES-05295-180123 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 120PZ UT WOS:000317184800025 ER PT J AU Gough, RV Bruno, TJ AF Gough, R. V. Bruno, T. J. TI Composition-Explicit Distillation Curves of Alternative Turbine Fuels SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; BIODIESEL FUEL; JET-A; IMPROVEMENTS; GASOLINE; FLUIDS; S-8; CUT AB In recent years, environmental considerations, the potential for supply disruptions, and rising fuel prices have led to the development of turbine fuels produced from non-petroleum feedstocks. To determine the suitability of an alternative turbine fuel, it is important to characterize the fuel properties and assess the degree of departure of the alternative fuel characteristics from those of petroleum-derived fuels. One very important property to use for this purpose is the volatility, as expressed by the distillation curve. In this paper, we present advanced distillation curve measurements of three prototype alternative turbine fuels and compare the distillation curve, composition, and combustion enthalpy to those of the petroleumderived turbine fuels JP-8 and JP-10. We studied a hydrotreated fuel derived from chicken fat, a fuel composed of hydrogenated pinene dimers derived from turpentine, and a gas liquid fuel produced from natural gas via the Fischer-Tropsch process. We found that the distillation curves of the chicken-fat-derived fuel and the gas liquid turbine fuel were similar to those of JP-8, deviating the most at high distillate volume fractions. The chicken-fat-derived fuel deviated by at most 17 degrees C from the distillation curve of JP-8, and the gas liquid turbine fuel deviated by at most 36 degrees C. The hydrotreated turpentine dimer fuel was much less volatile than JP-10, a fuel with which the turpentine dimer fuel shares some structural similarities. The shape of the distillation curves of these two fuels was similar, however. The major components of all fuels were determined, and these were used to calculate the enthalpy of combustion for several distillate volume fractions of the alternative turbine fuels. The gas liquid turbine fuel was most similar to petroleum-derived fuel in its energy content, and the turpentine dimer fuel had a high volumetric enthalpy of combustion value similar to that of JP-10. C1 [Gough, R. V.; Bruno, T. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Gough, Raina/F-7574-2013 FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council FX We acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Randy Shearer at RenTech, Inc. for providing the GTL fuel sample, Dr. Robert Hendricks at NASA Glenn Research Center for providing the HCF fuel sample, and Dr. Benjamin Harvey at China Lake NAWCWD for providing the TDF sample. A National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship is gratefully acknowledged by R. V. Gough. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD JAN PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 294 EP 302 DI 10.1021/ef3016848 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 122OP UT WOS:000317327700036 ER PT J AU Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Josse, B Young, PJ Cionni, I Eyring, V Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Collins, WJ Doherty, R Dalsoren, S Faluvegi, G Folberth, G Ghan, SJ Horowitz, LW Lee, YH MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T Naik, V Plummer, D Righi, M Rumbold, ST Schulz, M Skeie, RB Stevenson, DS Strode, S Sudo, K Szopa, S Voulgarakis, A Zeng, G AF Lamarque, J. -F. Shindell, D. T. Josse, B. Young, P. J. Cionni, I. Eyring, V. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. Collins, W. J. Doherty, R. Dalsoren, S. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. Ghan, S. J. Horowitz, L. W. Lee, Y. H. MacKenzie, I. A. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Plummer, D. Righi, M. Rumbold, S. T. Schulz, M. Skeie, R. B. Stevenson, D. S. Strode, S. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Voulgarakis, A. Zeng, G. TI The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP): overview and description of models, simulations and climate diagnostics SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; FLUX CONVECTION SCHEME; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; ACCURATE SIMULATION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; DRY DEPOSITION; NOX EMISSIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; OZONE AB The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) consists of a series of time slice experiments targeting the long-term changes in atmospheric composition between 1850 and 2100, with the goal of documenting composition changes and the associated radiative forcing. In this overview paper, we introduce the ACCMIP activity, the various simulations performed (with a requested set of 14) and the associated model output. The 16 ACCMIP models have a wide range of horizontal and vertical resolutions, vertical extent, chemistry schemes and [GRAPHICA] interaction with radiation and clouds. While anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions were specified for all time slices in the ACCMIP protocol, it is found that the natural emissions are responsible for a significant range across models, mostly in the case of ozone precursors. The analysis of selected present-day climate diagnostics (precipitation, temperature, specific humidity and zonal wind) reveals biases consistent with state-of-the-art climate models. The model-to-model comparison of changes in temperature, specific humidity and zonal wind between 1850 and 2000 and between 2000 and 2100 indicates mostly consistent results. However, models that are clear outliers are different enough from the other models to significantly affect their simulation of atmospheric chemistry. C1 [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Josse, B.] CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Meteo France, GAME CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Eyring, V.; Righi, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Collins, W. J.; Folberth, G.; Rumbold, S. T.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict, Exeter, Devon, England. [Doherty, R.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Dalsoren, S.; Skeie, R. B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Ghan, S. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nagashima, T.; Sudo, K.] Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Naik, V.] UCAR NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Plummer, D.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Schulz, M.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway. [Strode, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Szopa, S.] CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Lamarque, JF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lamar@ucar.edu RI Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015 OI Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446 FU NASA MAP; ACMAP programs; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DLR Earth System Model Validation Project (ESMVal); German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ); ENEA National Integrated Model; Joint DECC; Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; UK research council grant [NE/I008063/1]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy FX ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. D. S., G. F. and Y. L. acknowledge support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. D. P. would like to thank the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences for their long-running support of CMAM development. S. G. was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. The work of D. B. and P. C. was funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. V. E. and M. R. were supported by the DLR Earth System Model Validation Project (ESMVal) and used the supercomputing resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) for the EMAC simulations. The work of I. C. was funded by the ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project. W. J. C., G. A. F. and S. T. R. were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). V. N. and L. W. H. acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. G. Z. acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. The STOC-HadAM3 work was supported by cross UK research council grant NE/I008063/1 and used facilities provided by the UK's national high-performance computing service, HECToR, through Computational Modelling Services (CMS), part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer center of the CEA. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The MOCAGE simulations were supported by Meteo-France and CNRS. Supercomputing time was provided by Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing center. The CESM project (which includes CESM-CAM-Superfast, NCAR-CAM3.5 and NCAR-CAM5.1) is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 91 TC 113 Z9 119 U1 5 U2 73 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 179 EP 206 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-179-2013 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118FI UT WOS:000317008500012 ER PT J AU Barcelo, C Domingo, A Miller, P Ortega, L Giffoni, B Sales, G McNaughton, L Marcovaldi, M Heppell, SS Swimmer, Y AF Barcelo, Caren Domingo, Andres Miller, Philip Ortega, Leonardo Giffoni, Bruno Sales, Gilberto McNaughton, Lianne Marcovaldi, Maria Heppell, Selina S. Swimmer, Yonat TI High-use areas, seasonal movements and dive patterns of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Satellite tracking; Juvenile; High-use areas; Seasonal variations; Pelagic longline fishery; Remote sensing ID PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; BRAZIL-MALVINAS CONFLUENCE; CARETTA-CARETTA; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; SURFACE CIRCULATION; POPULATION-MODEL; LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT USE; CONSERVATION AB Characterizing the behaviors of sea turtles and identifying high-use areas as they vary in time and space is important for conservation planning, particularly when turtles overlap with fisheries that may unintentionally harm them. Between July 2006 and March 2010, 27 satellite transmitters were deployed at sea on juvenile loggerheads Caretta caretta captured as bycatch in the Uruguayan and Brazilian pelagic longline fisheries operating in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Tracking duration ranged from 3 to 639 d (mean +/- SD: 259 +/- 159 d; n = 27), during which turtles moved between latitudes of 25 to 45 degrees S and longitudes 35 to 54 degrees W. High-use areas for the tracked turtles were over the continental shelf and slope within the Uruguayan, Argentinian, and Brazilian exclusive economic zones and in adjacent international waters. Diving information was available for 5 turtles. The maximum dive depth recorded varied between 100 and 300 m. Two turtles demonstrated potential bottom-feeding behaviors by diving to depths that corresponded closely with the depth of the seafloor (<200 m) at their given location. The sea surface temperature encountered by tagged turtles was on average 19.8 +/- 2.3 degrees C (range: 10.2 to 28.4 degrees C), and turtles showed an affinity for waters supporting moderate to high primary productivity levels (0.43 +/- 0.89 mg m(-3) chlorophyll a). Latitudinal movements varied by season and sea surface temperature. These findings, along with those of other studies conducted in the region, demonstrate the need to strengthen ongoing collaborative efforts between neighboring countries and other international partnerships to further the research and management of sea turtles in this area. C1 [Barcelo, Caren; Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Domingo, Andres; Ortega, Leonardo] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay. [Barcelo, Caren; Miller, Philip] Ctr Invest & Conservac Marina CICMAR, El Pinar 15008, Canelones, Uruguay. [Giffoni, Bruno; Sales, Gilberto; Marcovaldi, Maria] Fundacao Pro Tamar ICMBio, Projecto TAMAR, BR-2219 Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Barcelo, Caren; McNaughton, Lianne] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Swimmer, Yonat] NOAA Fisheries, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. RP Barcelo, C (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM cbarcelo@coas.oregonstate.edu FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center; Petrobras FX Special thanks to Uruguay's and Brazil's scientific observers: S. Jimenez, M. Abreu, A. Loureiro, and F. Fiedler for deploying satellite transmitters and providing accompanying information on the bycatch turtles, as well as the skippers and crew of fishing vessels where turtles were captured and equipped with transmitters. We also thank M. Coyne and acknowledge the use of the Satellite Tracking and Analysis Tool (http://seaturtle.org). Funding for satellite transmitters and ARGOS satellite time was made available for this project by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center. The authors also thank T. Todd Jones, K. Bigelow, and 4 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments that improved the manuscript greatly. CICMAR is a non-profit Uruguayan NGO created in 2009 to further scientific investigation and management of regional flora and fauna. DINARA (Direccion Nacional de Recursos Aquaticos) is the entity responsible for the regulation and control of fishing in Uruguay. Projeto TAMAR is a conservation program of the Brazilian Ministry of the Environment, affiliated with ICMBio, co-managed by Fundacao Pro-TAMAR, and officially sponsored by Petrobras. NR 85 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 42 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 479 BP 235 EP 250 DI 10.3354/meps10222 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 122ZB UT WOS:000317356300017 ER PT J AU Brekke, P Steen, R Onsager, T Wintoft, P Olaussen, A Pirjola, R Stauning, P Sundelius, B Ohnstad, T Marti, L AF Brekke, Pal Steen, Roger Onsager, Terry Wintoft, Peter Olaussen, Alf Pirjola, Risto Stauning, Peter Sundelius, Bengt Ohnstad, Trond Marti, Luis TI Space Weather and Challenges for Modern Society SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Steen, Roger] Norwegian Water Resources & Energy Directorate, Trondheim, Norway. [Onsager, Terry] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Wintoft, Peter] Swedish Inst Space Phys, Kista, Sweden. [Olaussen, Alf] Grid Operat Statnett Norway, Trondheim, Norway. RP Brekke, P (reprint author), Norwegian Space Ctr, Trondheim, Norway. EM paal.brekke@spacecentre.no NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2013 VL 11 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1029/2012SW000881 PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129IQ UT WOS:000317833000002 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Bahreni, R Langridge, JM Gilman, JB Middlebrook, AM AF Lack, D. A. Bahreni, R. Langridge, J. M. Gilman, J. B. Middlebrook, A. M. TI Brown carbon absorption linked to organic mass tracers in biomass burning particles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HUMIC-LIKE SUBSTANCES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; BLACK CARBON; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MEXICO-CITY; AEROSOL; SPECTROMETRY; EMISSIONS; SMOKE AB Traditional gas and particle phase chemical markers used to identify the presence of biomass burning (BB) emissions were measured for a large forest fire near Boulder, Colorado. Correlation of the organic matter mass spectroscopic m/z 60 with measured particle light absorption properties found no link at 532 nm, and a strong correlation at 404 nm. Non-black carbon absorption at 404 nm was well correlated to the ratio of the mass fractions of particulate organic matter (POM) that was m/z 60 (f(60)) to m/z 44 (f(44)). The f(60) to f(44) ratio did not fully explain the variability in non-BC absorption, due to contributions of brown carbon (BrC) absorption and absorption due to internal mixing of POM with black carbon (BC). The absorption Angstrom exponent (A(Abs)) showed a good correlation to f(60)/f(44); however the best correlation resulted from the mass absorption efficiency (MAE) of BrC at 404 nm (MAE(POM-404) (nm)) and f(60)/f(44). This result indicates that the absorption of POM at low visible and UV wavelengths is linked to emissions of organic matter that contribute to the m/z 60 mass fragment, although they do not contribute to 532 nm absorption. m/z 60 is often attributed to levoglucosan and related compounds. The linear relationship between MAE(POM-404) (nm) and f(60)/f(44) suggests that the strength of BrC absorption for this fire can be predicted by emissions of f(60)-related organic matter. C1 [Lack, D. A.; Bahreni, R.; Langridge, J. M.; Gilman, J. B.; Middlebrook, A. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Lack, D. A.; Bahreni, R.; Langridge, J. M.; Gilman, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM daniel.lack@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; FU NOAAs climate program FX Funded by NOAAs climate program. Thanks to Brian Lerner for providing the CO data. NR 47 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 88 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2415 EP 2422 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2415-2013 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500007 ER PT J AU Petters, JL Jiang, H Feingold, G Rossiter, DL Khelif, D Sloan, LC Chuang, PY AF Petters, J. L. Jiang, H. Feingold, G. Rossiter, D. L. Khelif, D. Sloan, L. C. Chuang, P. Y. TI A comparative study of the response of modeled non-drizzling stratocumulus to meteorological and aerosol perturbations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; LIQUID WATER PATH; DROPLET SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; MIXED LAYERS; NONPRECIPITATING STRATOCUMULUS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; DYNAMICAL FEEDBACKS AB The impact of changes in aerosol and cloud droplet concentration (N-a and N-d) on the radiative forcing of stratocumulus-topped boundary layers (STBLs) has been widely studied. How these impacts compare to those due to variations in meteorological context has not been investigated in a systematic fashion for non-drizzling overcast stratocumulus. In this study we examine the impact of observed variations in meteorological context and aerosol state on daytime, non-drizzling overcast stratiform evolution, and determine how resulting changes in cloud properties compare. Using large-eddy simulation (LES) we create a model base case of daytime southeast Pacific coastal stratocumulus, spanning a portion of the diurnal cycle (early morning to near noon) and constrained by observations taken during the VOCALS (VAMOS Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Study) field campaign. We perturb aerosol and meteorological properties around this base case to investigate the stratocumulus response. We determine perturbations in the cloud top jumps in potential temperature theta and total water mixing ratio q(t) from ECMWF Re-analysis Interim data, and use a set of N-d values spanning the observable range. To determine the cloud response to these meteorological and aerosol perturbations, we compute changes in liquid water path (LWP), bulk optical depth (tau) and cloud radiative forcing (CRF). We find that realistic variations in the thermodynamic jump properties can elicit a response in the cloud properties of tau and shortwave (SW) CRF that are on the same order of magnitude as the response found due to realistic changes in aerosol state (i.e N-d). In response to increases in N-d, the cloud layer in the base case thinned due to increases in evaporative cooling and entrainment rate. This cloud thinning somewhat mitigates the increase in tau resulting from increases in N-d. On the other hand, variations in theta and q(t) jumps did not substantially modify N-d. The cloud layer thickens in response to an increase in the theta jump and thins in response to an increase in the q(t) jump, both resulting in a tau and SW CRF response comparable to those found from perturbations in Nd. Longwave CRF was not substantially altered by the perturbations we tested. We find that realistic variations in meteorological context can elicit a response in CRF and tau on the same order of magnitude as, and at times larger than, that response found due to realistic changes in aerosol state. We estimate the limits on variability of cloud top jump properties required for accurate observation of aerosol SW radiative impacts on stratocumulus, and find strict constraints: less than 1 K and 1 gkg(-1) in the early morning hours, and order 0.1 K and 0.1 gkg(-1) close to solar noon. These constraints suggest that accurately observing aerosol radiative impacts in stratocumulus may be challenging as co-variation of meteorological properties may obfuscate aerosol-cloud interactions. C1 [Petters, J. L.; Rossiter, D. L.; Sloan, L. C.; Chuang, P. Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jiang, H.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Khelif, D.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Petters, JL (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM jlpetter@ucsc.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Jiang, Hongli/N-3281-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Petters, Jonathan/0000-0002-0853-5814 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-0437] FX This research was supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-08-1-0437. We thank Robert Wood for helpful comments and suggestions. Computer resources were provided by the UC-Santa Cruz Climate Change and Impacts Laboratory. We are especially grateful for computer and technical support from Eli Morris and Mark Snyder. We also sincerely appreciate the efforts of three anonymous referees. Their comments and suggestions led to substantial improvements in this manuscript. NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2507 EP 2529 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2507-2013 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500014 ER PT J AU Voulgarakis, A Naik, V Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Young, PJ Prather, MJ Wild, O Field, RD Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Cionni, I Collins, WJ Dalsoren, SB Doherty, RM Eyring, V Faluvegi, G Folberth, GA Horowitz, LW Josse, B MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T Plummer, DA Righi, M Rumbold, ST Stevenson, DS Strode, SA Sudo, K Szopa, S Zeng, G AF Voulgarakis, A. Naik, V. Lamarque, J. -F. Shindell, D. T. Young, P. J. Prather, M. J. Wild, O. Field, R. D. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. Cionni, I. Collins, W. J. Dalsoren, S. B. Doherty, R. M. Eyring, V. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. A. Horowitz, L. W. Josse, B. MacKenzie, I. A. Nagashima, T. Plummer, D. A. Righi, M. Rumbold, S. T. Stevenson, D. S. Strode, S. A. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Zeng, G. TI Analysis of present day and future OH and methane lifetime in the ACCMIP simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTIONS; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL RADICALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES AB Results from simulations performed for the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Modeling Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) are analysed to examine how OH and methane lifetime may change from present day to the future, under different climate and emissions scenarios. Present day (2000) mean tropospheric chemical lifetime derived from the ACCMIP multi-model mean is 9.8 +/- 1.6 yr (9.3 +/- 0.9 yr when only including selected models), lower than a recent observationally-based estimate, but with a similar range to previous multi-model estimates. Future model projections are based on the four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), and the results also exhibit a large range. Decreases in global methane lifetime of 4.5 +/- 9.1% are simulated for the scenario with lowest radiative forcing by 2100 (RCP 2.6), while increases of 8.5 +/- 10.4% are simulated for the scenario with highest radiative forcing (RCP 8.5). In this scenario, the key driver of the evolution of OH and methane lifetime is methane itself, since its concentration more than doubles by 2100 and it consumes much of the OH that exists in the troposphere. Stratospheric ozone recovery, which drives tropospheric OH decreases through photolysis modifications, also plays a partial role. In the other scenarios, where methane changes are less drastic, the interplay between various competing drivers leads to smaller and more diverse OH and methane lifetime responses, which are difficult to attribute. For all scenarios, regional OH changes are even more variable, with the most robust feature being the large decreases over the remote oceans in RCP8.5. Through a regression analysis, we suggest that differences in emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds and in the simulation of photolysis rates may be the main factors causing the differences in simulated present day OH and methane lifetime. Diversity in predicted changes between present day and future OH was found to be associated more strongly with differences in modelled temperature and stratospheric ozone changes. Finally, through perturbation experiments we calculated an OH feedback factor (F) of 1.24 from present day conditions (1.50 from 2100 RCP8.5 conditions) and a climate feedback on methane lifetime of 0.33 +/- 0.13 yr K-1, on average. Models that did not include interactive stratospheric ozone effects on photolysis showed a stronger sensitivity to climate, as they did not account for negative effects of climate-driven stratospheric ozone recovery on tropospheric OH, which would have partly offset the overall OH/methane lifetime response to climate change. C1 [Voulgarakis, A.; Shindell, D. T.; Field, R. D.; Faluvegi, G.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Voulgarakis, A.; Shindell, D. T.; Field, R. D.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Voulgarakis, A.; Eyring, V.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Young, P. J.; Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Prather, M. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Field, R. D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol, Energia & Sviluppo Econ Sostenibile ENEA, Bologna, Italy. [Collins, W. J.; Folberth, G. A.; Rumbold, S. T.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Collins, W. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Dalsoren, S. B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Josse, B.] CNRS, Meteo France, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Nagashima, T.; Sudo, K.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Szopa, S.] IPSL, UVSQ, CNRS, CEA,LSCE, Paris, France. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Voulgarakis, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM a.voulgarakis@imperial.ac.uk RI Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010 OI Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737 FU International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) projects under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP); World Climate Research Program (WCRP); U.S. Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA2734]; NERSC [DE11AC02-05CH11231]; Norwegian Research Council; DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project; ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; NASA; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Meteo-France; CNRS; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; National Science Foundation; Office of 1 Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; UK research council [NE/I008063/1]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation FX ACCMIP is organised under the auspices of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) projects under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. For CESM-CAM-superfast, DB and PC were funded by the U.S. Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE11AC02-05CH11231. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. DP would like to thank the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences for their long-running support of CMAM development. For EMAC, the work of VE and MR was funded by the DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project and used the supercomputing resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), and the work of IC was funded by the ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project. The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. VN and LWH acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. For the GISS models, support is acknowledged from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. For HadGEM2, WJC, GAF, and STR were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer center of the CEA. The MOCAGE simulations were supported by Meteo-France and CNRS. Supercomputing time was provided by Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing centre. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The CESM project, including NCAR-CAM3.5, is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of 1 Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The STOC-HadAM3 work was supported by cross UK research council grant NE/I008063/1 and used facilities provided by the UK's national high-performance computing service, HECToR, through Computational Modelling Services (CMS), part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). For UM-CAM, GZ acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. AV thanks Chris Holmes for clarifications on the observational methane lifetime estimate. NR 97 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 5 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2563 EP 2587 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2563-2013 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500017 ER PT J AU Lee, YH Lamarque, JF Flanner, MG Jiao, C Shindell, DT Berntsen, T Bisiaux, MM Cao, J Collins, WJ Curran, M Edwards, R Faluvegi, G Ghan, S Horowitz, LW McConnell, JR Ming, J Myhre, G Nagashima, T Naik, V Rumbold, ST Skeie, RB Sudo, K Takemura, T Thevenon, F Xu, B Yoon, JH AF Lee, Y. H. Lamarque, J. -F. Flanner, M. G. Jiao, C. Shindell, D. T. Berntsen, T. Bisiaux, M. M. Cao, J. Collins, W. J. Curran, M. Edwards, R. Faluvegi, G. Ghan, S. Horowitz, L. W. McConnell, J. R. Ming, J. Myhre, G. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. B. Sudo, K. Takemura, T. Thevenon, F. Xu, B. Yoon, J. -H. TI Evaluation of preindustrial to present-day black carbon and its albedo forcing from Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; LONG-TERM TRENDS; ICE CORE; ARCTIC SNOW; SOOT; DEPOSITION; TRANSPORT; SIMULATION; PARTICLES AB As part of the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), we evaluate the historical black carbon (BC) aerosols simulated by 8 ACCMIP models against observations including 12 ice core records, long-term surface mass concentrations, and recent Arctic BC snowpack measurements. We also estimate BC albedo forcing by performing additional simulations using offline models with prescribed meteorology from 1996-2000. We evaluate the vertical profile of BC snow concentrations from these offline simulations using the recent BC snowpack measurements. Despite using the same BC emissions, the global BC burden differs by approximately a factor of 3 among models due to differences in aerosol removal parameterizations and simulated meteorology: 34 Gg to 103 Gg in 1850 and 82 Gg to 315 Gg in 2000. However, the global BC burden from preindustrial to present-day increases by 2.5-3 times with little variation among models, roughly matching the 2.5-fold increase in total BC emissions during the same period. We find a large divergence among models at both Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) high latitude regions for BC burden and at SH high latitude regions for deposition fluxes. The ACCMIP simulations match the observed BC surface mass concentrations well in Europe and North America except at Ispra. However, the models fail to predict the Arctic BC seasonality due to severe under-estimations during winter and spring. The simulated vertically resolved BC snow concentrations are, on average, within a factor of 2-3 of the BC snowpack measurements except for Greenland and the Arctic Ocean. For the ice core evaluation, models tend to adequately capture both the observed temporal trends and the magnitudes at Greenland sites. However, models fail to predict the decreasing trend of BC depositions/ice core concentrations from the 1950s to the 1970s in most Tibetan Plateau ice cores. The distinct temporal trend at the Tibetan Plateau ice cores indicates a strong influence from Western Europe, but the modeled BC increases in that period are consistent with the emission changes in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, South and East Asia. At the Alps site, the simulated BC suggests a strong influence from Europe, which agrees with the Alps ice core observations. At Zuoqiupu on the Tibetan Plateau, models successfully simulate the higher BC concentrations observed during the non-monsoon season compared to the monsoon season but overpredict BC in both seasons. Despite a large divergence in BC deposition at two Antarctic ice core sites, some models with a BC lifetime of less than 7 days are able to capture the observed concentrations. In 2000 relative to 1850, globally and annually averaged BC surface albedo forcing from the offline simulations ranges from 0.014 to 0.019 W m(-2) among the ACCMIP models. Comparing offline and online BC albedo forcings computed by some of the same models, we find that the global annual mean can vary by up to a factor of two because of different aerosol models or different BC-snow parameterizations and snow cover. The spatial distributions of the offline BC albedo forcing in 2000 show especially high BC forcing (i.e., over 0.1 W m(-2)) over Manchuria, Karakoram, and most of the Former USSR. Models predict the highest global annual mean BC forcing in 1980 rather than 2000, mostly driven by the high fossil fuel and biofuel emissions in the Former USSR in 1980. C1 [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Flanner, M. G.; Jiao, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Berntsen, T.; Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Berntsen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Bisiaux, M. M.; McConnell, J. R.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Cao, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian, Peoples R China. [Collins, W. J.; Rumbold, S. T.] Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Edwards, R.] Curtin Univ Technol, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. [Ghan, S.; Yoon, J. -H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ming, J.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Nagashima, T.; Skeie, R. B.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Thevenon, F.] Univ Geneva, FA Forel Inst, Versoix, Switzerland. [Xu, B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Lee, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM yunha.lee@nasa.gov RI U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Edwards, Ross/B-1433-2013; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Cao, Junji/D-3259-2014; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Thevenon, Florian/E-3496-2010; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Jiao, Chaoyi/F-9065-2015 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Edwards, Ross/0000-0002-9233-8775; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Cao, Junji/0000-0003-1000-7241; Ming, Jing/0000-0001-5527-3768; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; FU Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC& C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC); NASA; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program; Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Norwegian Research Council; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S7]; NILU; Norsk Polar Institute FX ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC& C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) andWorld Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are thankful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. Y. H. Lee, D. T. Shindell, and G. Faluvegi acknowledge the support of the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. Resources supporting the two GISS models simulations were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. V. Naik and L. W. Horowitz acknowledge the efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and the efforts of the Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. S. Ghan and J.-H. Yoon were supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. W. J. Collins and S. T. Rumbold were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The CESM project, including NCAR-CAM3.5, is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R) and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. Development of historical records of BC in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores was funded by the National Science Foundation.; The authors would like to thank NOAA-ESRL-GMD aerosol group, Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility operated for DOE, Sangeeta Sharma (Environment Canada), Heikki Lihavainen (Finnish Meteorological Institute), Sandy Starkweather (NOAA), Ernest Weingartner (Paul Scherrer Institute), and Martine Collaud Coen (MeteoSwiss) for providing BC surface mass concentration data. Special thanks to Betsy Andrews at NOAA and Ann Mari Fj raa at NILU for helping us to obtain several BC surface mass concentrations datasets. We thank the EUSAAR-ACTRIS network for sampling BC at several EMEP stations. S. G. Jennings and Colin O'Dowd, Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, School of Physics, National University of Ireland Galway are acknowledged for the use of surface black carbon data taken at the Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station on the west coast of Ireland. We also acknowledge the contribution of aethalometer BC data from Zeppelin, Ny-A lesund by K. Eleftheriadis, NCSR Demokritos and the support of NILU and Norsk Polar Institute. Finally, special thanks to Stephen Warren (Dept. of Atmospheric Science, Univ. ofWashington, Seattle, WA, USA) and Sarah Doherty (JISAO, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA) for making available measurements of snow BC concentrations from the Arctic. NR 102 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 10 U2 73 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2607 EP 2634 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2607-2013 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500019 ER PT J AU Rigby, M Prinn, RG O'Doherty, S Montzka, SA McCulloch, A Harth, CM Muhle, J Salameh, PK Weiss, RF Young, D Simmonds, PG Hall, BD Dutton, GS Nance, D Mondeel, DJ Elkins, JW Krummel, PB Steele, LP Fraser, PJ AF Rigby, M. Prinn, R. G. O'Doherty, S. Montzka, S. A. McCulloch, A. Harth, C. M. Muehle, J. Salameh, P. K. Weiss, R. F. Young, D. Simmonds, P. G. Hall, B. D. Dutton, G. S. Nance, D. Mondeel, D. J. Elkins, J. W. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. J. TI Re-evaluation of the lifetimes of the major CFCs and CH3CCl3 using atmospheric trends SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYL RADICALS; TROPOSPHERIC OH; 2 DECADES; VARIABILITY; OZONE; GASES; HYDROCARBONS; METHODOLOGY; HALOCARBONS; CHLOROFORM AB Since the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its amendments came into effect, growth rates of the major ozone depleting substances (ODS), particularly CFC-11, -12 and -113 and CH3CCl3, have declined markedly, paving the way for global stratospheric ozone recovery. Emissions have now fallen to relatively low levels, therefore the rate at which this recovery occurs will depend largely on the atmospheric lifetime of these compounds. The first ODS measurements began in the early 1970s along with the first lifetime estimates calculated by considering their atmospheric trends. We now have global mole fraction records spanning multiple decades, prompting this lifetime re-evaluation. Using surface measurements from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Global Monitoring Division (NOAA GMD) from 1978 to 2011, we estimated the lifetime of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and CH3CCl3 using a multi-species inverse method. A steady-state lifetime of 45 yr for CFC-11, currently recommended in the most recent World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) Scientific Assessments of Ozone Depletion, lies towards the lower uncertainty bound of our estimates, which are 54(48)(61) yr (1-sigma uncertainty) when AGAGE data were used and 52(45)(61) yr when the NOAA net-work data were used. Our derived lifetime for CFC-113 is significantly higher than the WMO estimates of 85 yr, being 109(99)(121) (AGAGE) and 109(97)(124) (NOAA). New estimates of the steady-state lifetimes of CFC-12 and CH3CCl3 are consistent with the current WMO recommendations, being 111(95)(132) and 112(95)(136) yr (CFC-12, AGAGE and NOAA respectively) and 5.04(4.92)(5.20) and 5.04(4.87)(5.23) yr (CH3CCl3, AGAGE and NOAA respectively). C1 [Rigby, M.; O'Doherty, S.; McCulloch, A.; Young, D.; Simmonds, P. G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Rigby, M.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Montzka, S. A.; Hall, B. D.; Dutton, G. S.; Nance, D.; Mondeel, D. J.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Harth, C. M.; Muehle, J.; Salameh, P. K.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.; Fraser, P. J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Dutton, G. S.; Nance, D.; Mondeel, D. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rigby, M (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. EM matt.rigby@bristol.ac.uk RI Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the US [NNX07AE89G, NNX11AF17G, NNX07AF09G, NNX07AE87G]; NOAA; UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in the UK; CSIRO; Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program FX Matthew Rigby is supported by an advanced research fellowship from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The AGAGE research program is supported by the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the US with grants NNX07AE89G and NNX11AF17G to MIT and NNX07AF09G and NNX07AE87G to SIO, by NOAA, the UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in the UK, and by CSIRO and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia. We would like to thank C. Siso for their work analysing NOAA flask samples. NOAA and CIRES authors acknowledge support from NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program. We are very thankful to the staff at the AGAGE and NOAA sites for their continuing dedication to the production of high-quality measurements of atmospheric trace gases. NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2691 EP 2702 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2691-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500022 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Bahreini, R Langridge, JM Gilman, JB Middlebrook, AM AF Lack, D. A. Bahreini, R. Langridge, J. M. Gilman, J. B. Middlebrook, A. M. TI Brown carbon absorption linked to organic mass tracers in biomass burning particles (vol 13, pg 2415, 2013) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Lack, D. A.; Bahreini, R.; Langridge, J. M.; Gilman, J. B.; Middlebrook, A. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Lack, D. A.; Bahreini, R.; Langridge, J. M.; Gilman, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM daniel.lack@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2721 EP 2721 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2721-2013 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500024 ER PT J AU Kaser, L Karl, T Schnitzhofer, R Graus, M Herdlinger-Blatt, IS DiGangi, JP Sive, B Turnipseed, A Hornbrook, RS Zheng, W Flocke, FM Guenther, A Keutsch, FN Apel, E Hansel, A AF Kaser, L. Karl, T. Schnitzhofer, R. Graus, M. Herdlinger-Blatt, I. S. DiGangi, J. P. Sive, B. Turnipseed, A. Hornbrook, R. S. Zheng, W. Flocke, F. M. Guenther, A. Keutsch, F. N. Apel, E. Hansel, A. TI Comparison of different real time VOC measurement techniques in a ponderosa pine forest SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METHYL VINYL KETONE; PTR-MS; FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; BIOGENIC VOCS; AMBIENT AIR; 2-METHYL-3-BUTEN-2-OL AB Volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios measured by five independent instruments are compared at a forested site dominated by ponderosa pine (Pinus Ponderosa) during the BEACHON-ROCS field study in summer 2010. The instruments included a Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS), a Proton Transfer Reaction Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS), a Fast Online Gas-Chromatograph coupled to a Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS; TOGA), a Thermal Dissociation Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (PAN-CIMS) and a Fiber Laser-Induced Fluorescence Instrument (FILIF). The species discussed in this comparison include the most important biogenic VOCs and a selected suite of oxygenated VOCs that are thought to dominate the VOC reactivity at this particular site as well as typical anthropogenic VOCs that showed low mixing ratios at this site. Good agreement was observed for methanol, the sum of the oxygenated hemiterpene 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) and the hemiterpene isoprene, acetaldehyde, the sum of acetone and propanal, benzene and the sum of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and butanal. Measurements of the above VOCs conducted by different instruments agree within 20 %. The ability to differentiate the presence of toluene and cymene by PTR-TOF-MS is tested based on a comparison with GC-MS measurements, suggesting a study-average relative contribution of 74% for toluene and 26% for cymene. Similarly, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal (HMPR) is found to interfere with the sum of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein (MVK + MAC) using PTR-(TOF)-MS at this site. A study-average relative contribution of 85% for MVK+ MAC and 15% for HMPR was determined. The sum of monoterpenes measured by PTR-MS and PTR-TOF-MS was generally 20-25% higher than the sum of speciated monoterpenes measured by TOGA, which included alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, camphene, carene, myrcene, limonene, cineole as well as other terpenes. However, this difference is consistent throughout the study, and likely points to an offset in calibration, rather than a difference in the ability to measure the sum of terpenes. The contribution of isoprene relative to MBO inferred from PTR-MS and PTR-TOF-MS was smaller than 12% while GC-MS data suggested an average of 21% of isoprene relative to MBO. This comparison demonstrates that the current capability of VOC measurements to account for OH reactivity associated with the measured VOCs is within 20 %. C1 [Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Herdlinger-Blatt, I. S.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Karl, T.; Turnipseed, A.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Zheng, W.; Flocke, F. M.; Guenther, A.; Apel, E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Graus, M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Graus, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [DiGangi, J. P.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sive, B.] Appalachian State Univ, Dept Chem, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Sive, B.] Appalachian State Univ, Environm Sci Program, Boone, NC 28608 USA. RP Hansel, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM armin.hansel@uibk.ac.at RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Keutsch, Frank/B-2391-2012; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554 FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L518-N20]; National Science Foundation; Austrian Academy of Science; United States Department of Agriculture [USDA 2009-35112-05217]; National Science Foundation [ATM 0852406] FX We thank the whole BEACHON-ROCS field campaign team for helpful discussions. This work was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under the project number L518-N20. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship from the National Science Foundation. Lisa Kaser is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Science. Martin Graus received support from a United States Department of Agriculture project (USDA 2009-35112-05217) granted to Carsten Warneke and Ray Fall. FILIF measurements were supported by the National Science Foundation (ATM 0852406). The authors would also like to thank David Gochis for providing precipitation data measured during the field campaign. NR 44 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 88 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 5 BP 2893 EP 2906 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2893-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NP UT WOS:000316960500033 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Hoff, RM Kondragunta, S Laszlo, I Lyapustin, A AF Zhang, H. Hoff, R. M. Kondragunta, S. Laszlo, I. Lyapustin, A. TI Aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval using simultaneous GOES-East and GOES-West reflected radiances over the western United States SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE REFLECTANCE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MODIS; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; LAND; NETWORK AB Aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the western United States is observed independently by both the (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites) GOES-East and GOES-West imagers. The GASP (GOES Aerosol/Smoke Product) aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm treats each satellite as a unique sensor and thus obtains two separate aerosol optical depth values at the same time for the same location. The TOA (the top of the atmosphere) radiances and the associated derived optical depths can be quite different due to the different viewing geometries with large difference in solar-scattering angles. In order to fully exploit the simultaneous observations and generate consistent AOD retrievals from the two satellites, the authors develop a new " hybrid" aerosol optical depth retrieval algorithm that uses data from both satellites. The algorithm uses both GOESEast and GOES-West visible channel TOA reflectance and daily average AOD from GOES Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (GOES-MAIAC) on low AOD days (AOD less than 0.3), when diurnal variation of AOD is low, to retrieve surface BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function). The known BRDF shape is applied on subsequent days to retrieve BRDF and AOD. The algorithm is validated at three AERONET sites over the western US. The AOD retrieval accuracy from the " hybrid" technique using the two satellites is similar to that from one satellite over UCSB (University of California Santa Barbara) and Railroad Valley, Nevada. Improvement of the accuracy is observed at Boulder, Colorado. The correlation coefficientsbetween the GOES AOD and AERONET AOD are in the range of 0.67 to 0.81. More than 74% of AOD retrievals are within the error of +/- (0.05+ 0.15 tau) compared to AERONET AOD. The hybrid algorithm has more data coverage compared to the single satellite retrievals over surfaces with high surface reflectance. For single observation areas the number of valid AOD data increases from the use of two-single satellite algorithms by 5-80% for the three sites. With the application of the new algorithm, consistent AOD retrievals and better retrieval coverages can be obtained using the data from the two GOES satellite imagers. C1 [Zhang, H.; Hoff, R. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Zhang, H.] IM Syst Grp, College Pk, MD USA. [Kondragunta, S.; Laszlo, I.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Lyapustin, A.] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM hai.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Hai/A-3445-2011; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Lyapustin, Alexei/H-9924-2014 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Lyapustin, Alexei/0000-0003-1105-5739 FU GOES-R risk reduction program [NA11NES4400005] FX This work is supported by GOES-R risk reduction program project # NA11NES4400005. The authors would like to thank Yujie Wang for discussions and suggestions on the inter-calibration of GOES-West and GOES-East and would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for the comments to improve the paper. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 471 EP 486 DI 10.5194/amt-6-471-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118FY UT WOS:000317011000024 ER PT J AU Willett, KM Williams, CN Dunn, RJH Thorne, PW Bell, S de Podesta, M Jones, PD Parker, DE AF Willett, K. M. Williams, C. N., Jr. Dunn, R. J. H. Thorne, P. W. Bell, S. de Podesta, M. Jones, P. D. Parker, D. E. TI HadISDH: an updateable land surface specific humidity product for climate monitoring SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY; CYCLE; ENVIRONMENTS; DATABASE; DATASET AB HadISDH is a near-global land surface specific humidity monitoring product providing monthly means from 1973 onwards over large-scale grids. Presented herein to 2012, annual updates are anticipated. HadISDH is an update to the land component of HadCRUH, utilising the global high-resolution land surface station product HadISD as a basis. HadISD, in turn, uses an updated version of NOAA's Integrated Surface Database. Intensive automated quality control has been undertaken at the individual observation level, as part of HadISD processing. The data have been subsequently run through the pairwise homogenisation algorithm developed for NCDC's US Historical Climatology Network monthly temperature product. For the first time, uncertainty estimates are provided at the grid-box spatial scale and monthly timescale. HadISDH is in good agreement with existing land surface humidity products in periods of overlap, and with both land air and sea surface temperature estimates. Widespread moistening is shown over the 1973-2012 period. The largest moistening signals are over the tropics with drying over the subtropics, supporting other evidence of an intensified hydrological cycle over recent years. Moistening is detectable with high (95 %) confidence over large-scale averages for the globe, Northern Hemisphere and tropics, with trends of 0.089 (0.080 to 0.098) g kg(-1) per decade, 0.086 (0.075 to 0.097) g kg(-1) per decade and 0.133 (0.119 to 0.148) g kg(-1) per decade, respectively. These changes are outside the uncertainty range for the large-scale average which is dominated by the spatial coverage component; station and grid-box sampling uncertainty is essentially negligible on large scales. A very small moistening (0.013 (-0.005 to 0.031) g kg(-1) per decade) is found in the Southern Hemisphere, but it is not significantly different from zero and uncertainty is large. When globally averaged, 1998 is the moistest year since monitoring began in 1973, closely followed by 2010, two strong El Nino years. The period in between is relatively flat, concurring with previous findings of C1 [Willett, K. M.; Dunn, R. J. H.; Parker, D. E.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Williams, C. N., Jr.; Thorne, P. W.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Thorne, P. W.] NCSU, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites North Carolina, Asheville, NC USA. [Bell, S.; de Podesta, M.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Jones, P. D.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Jones, P. D.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Meteorol Environm & Arid Land Agr, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. RP Willett, KM (reprint author), Met Off Hadley Ctr, FitzRoy Rd, Exeter, Devon, England. EM kate.willett@metoffice.gov.uk RI Jones, Philip/C-8718-2009; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014; Dunn, Robert/O-5910-2016 OI Jones, Philip/0000-0001-5032-5493; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798; Dunn, Robert/0000-0003-2469-5989 FU Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-SC0005689]; UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology; MeteoMet Project of the European Metrology Research Programme; US Department of Energy Office of Science's Innovative; Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE); Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office FX Kate Willett, Robert Dunn and David Parker were supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Phil D. Jones has been supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-SC0005689. Stephanie Bell and Michael de Podesta were supported by the UK National Measurement System Programme for Engineering and Flow Metrology, and by the MeteoMet Project of the European Metrology Research Programme. We thank John Kennedy for providing an ENSO index time series and Adrian Simmons for a thorough review and help thereafter working with the ERA-Interim data. We also thank the internal reviewers at NCDC, NPL and the Met Office for their thorough reviews and advice. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the US Department of Energy Office of Science's Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (DOE INCITE) program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. NR 50 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 657 EP 677 DI 10.5194/cp-9-657-2013 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118FQ UT WOS:000317009700010 ER PT J AU Smoot, CD Ma, HB Winholtz, RA Jacobson, DL Hussey, DS AF Smoot, C. D. Ma, H. B. Winholtz, R. A. Jacobson, D. L. Hussey, D. S. TI THERMAL AND VISUAL OBSERVATION OF A HYBRID HEAT PIPE SO HEAT TRANSFER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE oscillating heat pipe; neutron imaging; pulsating heat pipe; heat pipe ID WICK AB A hybrid heat pipe combining elements of both conventional heat pipes (CHP) and oscillating heat pipes (OHP) has been designed, constructed, and tested. The heat pipe investigated herein consists of interconnected channels similar to a typical OHP and wicks similar to a CHP in order to find the wick effect on the heat transport capability in a hybrid heat pipe. The effects of orientation, operating temperature, and power input were studied. The experimental results show that the heat pipe does form liquid plugs and vapor bubbles as seen in typical OHPs, but oscillates in a slightly different manner compared to a typical OHP with the motion confined to the evaporator region. C1 [Smoot, C. D.; Ma, H. B.; Winholtz, R. A.] Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Jacobson, D. L.; Hussey, D. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, HB (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. EM mah@missouri.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0334]; DARPA TGP program FX The work presented in this article was funded by the Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-11-1-0334 directed by Dr. Mark Spector and the DARPA TGP program under the direction of Drs. Tom Kenny and Avram Bar-Cohen. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1064-2285 J9 HEAT TRANSF RES JI Heat Transf. Res. PY 2013 VL 44 IS 1 SI SI BP 31 EP 42 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA 121NH UT WOS:000317251000003 ER PT J AU St Aubin, DJ Forney, KA Chivers, SJ Scott, MD Danil, K Romano, TA Wells, RS Gulland, FMD AF St Aubin, David J. Forney, Karin A. Chivers, Susan J. Scott, Michael D. Danil, Kerri Romano, Tracy A. Wells, Randall S. Gulland, Frances M. D. TI Hematological, serum, and plasma chemical constituents in pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata) following chase, encirclement, and tagging SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE pantropical spotted dolphin; Stenella attenuata attenuata; stress; tagging; hematology; hormones; serum chemistry; catecholamines; capture myopathy; eastern tropical Pacific Ocean ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BLOOD-CHEMISTRY; STRIPED DOLPHIN; STRESS; CAPTURE; ALDOSTERONE; CETACEANS; EXPOSURE AB Hematology, serum chemistry, and plasma hormones were evaluated in 72 pantropical spotted dolphins (Stenella attenuata attenuata) from the eastern tropical Pacific in an attempt to define the degree of stress associated with chase and encirclement by a tuna purse seiner, and are here reported for the first time for this species. Dolphins had high levels of dopamine and moderately elevated levels of enzymes indicative of the expected muscle damage following exertion of the chase. The length of time between the start of the capture operation and blood sampling correlated with increases in platelet and white blood cell counts and mean cell hemoglobin concentration, while the length of time between net tie-down and blood sampling influenced platelet, white blood cell, and eosinophil counts. Ten dolphins recaptured 1-3 d after their first capture had significantly lower serum creatinine kinase, thyroid (T4) and globulin levels compared to values in dolphins sampled at nominal first capture. Although small sample sizes and large individual variation limit interpretation, these data indicate a stress response occurred in all dolphins, but the extent of the response is within the expected range for adaptive responses previously measured in limited numbers of wild mammals. C1 [St Aubin, David J.; Romano, Tracy A.] Myst Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Chivers, Susan J.; Danil, Kerri] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Scott, Michael D.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Forney, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM karin.forney@noaa.gov FU International Whaling Commission, Dolphin Quest; Office of Naval Research FX Without the cooperation and skill of the captains and crews of the McArthur and the purse seiner, this study could not have been conducted. We thank many people for the success of this project, which was the product of the efforts of the entire CHESS field team. The blood collecting skills of Roger Geertsma, Bill McLellan, and Forrest Townsend were invaluable. Steve Lamb and Linda Chapman and their staff at the Diagnostic Laboratory of Cornell University were extremely cooperative and supportive of the project. Gayle Sirpenski, Mystic Aquarium, provided technical assistance with the preparation of the original report. The original report was improved following helpful comments by Greg Bossart, Sylvain DeGuise, Janet Mann, Dave Martineau, and Rudi Ortiz. Bill Perrin traced old data sources and gave valuable input into the manuscript. Joe Geraci gave valuable advice on stress responses in cetaceans. We thank Ailsa Hall, Daryl Boness, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful reviews of an earlier version of this manuscript. All dolphin capture and sampling protocols were reviewed by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service and the U.S. Marine Mammal Commission. Research in the ETP was conducted under NMFS Scientific Research Permit No. 774-1634-00. Research in Sarasota Bay was supported by the International Whaling Commission, Dolphin Quest, and the Office of Naval Research, and performed under NMFS Scientific Research Permit No. 522-1569. This constitutes publication number 210 from the Sea Research Foundation. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 14 EP 35 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00536.x PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 122AW UT WOS:000317288200002 ER PT J AU Burns, D Brooks, L Clapham, P Harrison, P AF Burns, Daniel Brooks, Lyndon Clapham, Phil Harrison, Peter TI Between-year synchrony in migratory timing of individual humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID HERVEY BAY C1 [Burns, Daniel; Brooks, Lyndon; Harrison, Peter] So Cross Univ, Whale Res Grp, Marine Ecol Res Ctr, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Burns, Daniel; Brooks, Lyndon; Clapham, Phil; Harrison, Peter] South Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Clapham, Phil] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Burns, D (reprint author), So Cross Univ, Whale Res Grp, Marine Ecol Res Ctr, POB 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. EM daniel.burns@scu.edu.au OI Harrison, Peter/0000-0002-4048-2409 FU Southern Cross University; International Fund for Animal Welfare FX Southern Cross University and the International Fund for Animal Welfare provided funding for this project. Field surveys were conducted under scientific research permits issued by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts and the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (S10403). We thank Andrew Nichols for contributing fluke photographs and Peta Beeman for analyzing the extra data. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 228 EP 235 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00557.x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 122AW UT WOS:000317288200017 ER PT S AU Bollinger, JJ Britton, JW Sawyer, BC AF Bollinger, John J. Britton, Joseph W. Sawyer, Brian C. BE Sarasola, X Schweikhard, L Pedersen, TS TI Simulating Quantum Magnetism with Correlated Non-Neutral Ion Plasmas SO NON-NEUTRAL PLASMA PHYSICS VIII SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Non-Neutral Plasmas CY AUG 27-30, 2012 CL Greifswald, GERMANY SP Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Univ Greifswald (EMAU), Max Planck Inst Plasma Phys (IPP), COST Act MP1001 Ion Traps Tomorrows Applicat, Wendelstein 7-X DE ion traps; Ising interaction; Penning trap; quantum simulation ID TRAPPED IONS; SYSTEMS; SPINS AB By employing forces that depend on the internal electronic state (or spin) of an atomic ion, the Coulomb potential energy of a strongly coupled array of ions can be modified in a spin-dependent way to mimic effective quantum spin Hamiltonians. Both ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic interactions can be implemented. We use simple models to explain how the effective spin interactions are engineered with trapped-ion crystals. We summarize the type of effective spin interactions that can be readily generated, and discuss an experimental implementation using single-plane ion crystals in a Penning trap. C1 [Bollinger, John J.; Britton, Joseph W.; Sawyer, Brian C.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bollinger, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1144-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1521 BP 200 EP 209 DI 10.1063/1.4796076 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BEK41 UT WOS:000317068200021 ER PT S AU Andersson, AJ Gledhill, D AF Andersson, Andreas J. Gledhill, Dwight BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Ocean Acidification and Coral Reefs: Effects on Breakdown, Dissolution, and Net Ecosystem Calcification SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 5 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE CO2; CaCO3; aragonite; Mg calcite; calcification ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE FLUX; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; COMMUNITY METABOLISM; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; FRENCH-POLYNESIA; PORE-WATER; MARINE-ENVIRONMENT AB The persistence of carbonate structures on coral reefs is essential in providing habitats for a large number of species and maintaining the extraordinary biodiversity associated with these ecosystems. As a consequence of ocean acidification (OA), the ability of marine calcifiers to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and their rate of CaCO3 production could decrease while rates of bioerosion and CaCO3 dissolution could increase, resulting in a transition from a condition of net accretion to one of net erosion. This would have negative consequences for the role and function of coral reefs and the eco-services they provide to dependent human communities. In this article, we review estimates of bioerosion, CaCO3 dissolution, and net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and how these processes will change in response to OA. Furthermore, we critically evaluate the observed relationships between NEC and seawater aragonite saturation state (Omega(a)). Finally, we propose that standardized NEC rates combined with observed changes in the ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon to total alkalinity owing to net reef metabolism may provide a biogeochemical tool to monitor the effects of OA in coral reef environments. C1 [Andersson, Andreas J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Gledhill, Dwight] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Andersson, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM aandersson@ucsd.edu; dwight.gledhill@noaa.gov NR 156 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 24 U2 289 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4505-1 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2013 VL 5 BP 321 EP 348 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172241 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BEF34 UT WOS:000316390400015 PM 22881351 ER PT J AU Hart, LB Wells, RS Schwacke, LH AF Hart, Leslie B. Wells, Randall S. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Reference ranges for body condition in wild bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marine mammal; Morphometrics; Health assessment; Nutritional condition; Mass; Girth; Length; Quantile regression; Sarasota Bay ID QUANTILE REGRESSION; SEA LIONS; GROWTH; FLORIDA; SARASOTA; BIPHENYL; PATTERNS; INDEXES; WEIGHT AB Marine mammal body condition, as evaluated by a combination of mass, length, and/or girth measurements, is considered an indicator of nutritional status. We used measurements of total mass, total length, and maximum girth from long-term bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus capture-release research conducted in Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA, (1987 to 2009) to develop 95th percentile reference ranges for 2 body condition models: (1) total mass versus total length and (2) maximum girth versus total length. Nonlinear and linear quantile regression methods were used to estimate the parameters for the reference ranges and develop predictive models to examine body condition among individual dolphins. The flexibility of these models and reliance upon commonly acquired morphometrics allows for broad application among researchers lacking data on mass or age. Ultimately, these reference ranges can be used to evaluate and compare the body condition of individual animals and provide an additional metric for evaluating the general health of coastal populations. C1 [Hart, Leslie B.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wells, Randall S.] Chicago Zool Soc, Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Hart, LB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM leslie.burdett@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health at the Hollings Marine Laboratory; Office of Naval Research's Marine Mammals and Biology Program FX We thank B. Irvine, M. Scott, and the staff, interns, and volunteers of the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program (SDRP) for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the capture-release projects. Sarasota Bay stranding data were provided by G. Lovewell of Mote Marine Laboratory. Thanks also to M. Neely, S. Lane, and T. Speakman for reviewing this manuscript. NOAA and Dolphin Quest provided much of the support for health assessments. Capture-release work was conducted under NOAA Scientific Research Permits and IACUC approvals issued to R.S.W. Funding for data analysis was provided by NOAA's Center of Excellence for Oceans and Human Health at the Hollings Marine Laboratory and the Office of Naval Research's Marine Mammals and Biology Program. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.3354/ab00491 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 117SS UT WOS:000316974000007 ER PT J AU Karion, A Sweeney, C Wolter, S Newberger, T Chen, H Andrews, A Kofler, J Neff, D Tans, P AF Karion, A. Sweeney, C. Wolter, S. Newberger, T. Chen, H. Andrews, A. Kofler, J. Neff, D. Tans, P. TI Long-term greenhouse gas measurements from aircraft SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TALL TOWER; SCALE; METHANE; CH4; DIOXIDE; NORTH AB In March 2009 the NOAA/ESRL/GMD Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases Group collaborated with the US Coast Guard (USCG) to establish the Alaska Coast Guard (ACG) sampling site, a unique addition to NOAA's atmospheric monitoring network. This collaboration takes advantage of USCG bi-weekly Arctic Domain Awareness (ADA) flights, conducted with Hercules C-130 aircraft from March to November each year. Flights typically last 8 h and cover a large area, traveling from Kodiak up to Barrow, Alaska, with altitude profiles near the coast and in the interior. NOAA instrumentation on each flight includes a flask sampling system, a continuous cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) carbon dioxide (CO2)/methane (CH4)/carbon monoxide (CO)/water vapor (H2O) analyzer, a continuous ozone analyzer, and an ambient temperature and humidity sensor. Air samples collected in flight are analyzed at NOAA/ESRL for the major greenhouse gases and a variety of halocarbons and hydrocarbons that influence climate, stratospheric ozone, and air quality. We describe the overall system for making accurate greenhouse gas measurements using a CRDS analyzer on an aircraft with minimal operator interaction and present an assessment of analyzer performance over a three-year period. Overall analytical uncertainty of CRDS measurements in 2011 is estimated to be 0.15 ppm, 1.4 ppb, and 5 ppb for CO2, CH4, and CO, respectively, considering short-term precision, calibration uncertainties, and water vapor correction uncertainty. The stability of the CRDS analyzer over a seven-month deployment period is better than 0.15 ppm, 2 ppb, and 4 ppb for CO2, CH4, and CO, respectively, based on differences of on-board reference tank measurements from a laboratory calibration performed prior to deployment. This stability is not affected by variation in pressure or temperature during flight. We conclude that the uncertainty reported for our measurements would not be significantly affected if the measurements were made without in-flight calibrations, provided ground calibrations and testing were performed regularly. Comparisons between in situ CRDS measurements and flask measurements are consistent with expected measurement uncertainties for CH4 and CO, but differences are larger than expected for CO2. Biases and standard deviations of comparisons with flask samples suggest that atmospheric variability, flask-to-flask variability, and possible flask sampling biases may be driving the observed flask versus in situ CO2 differences rather than the CRDS measurements. C1 [Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.; Wolter, S.; Newberger, T.; Kofler, J.; Neff, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.; Wolter, S.; Newberger, T.; Chen, H.; Andrews, A.; Kofler, J.; Neff, D.; Tans, P.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Karion, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM anna.karion@noaa.gov RI Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012 OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; FU NOAA through the North American Carbon Program FX We would like to acknowledge the valuable assistance of Jason Manthey, our current technician and operator in Kodiak, Alaska, our past technician, Margo Connolly, and the US Coast Guard Air Station Kodiak. We would also like to acknowledge the extensive help we have received from Doug Guenther, Jack Higgs, Paul Novelli, Pat Lang, Ed Dlugokencky, Duane Kitzis, Laura Patrick, Sam Oltmans, and Sara Crepinsek, all at NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division. We thank Chris Rella at Picarro for valuable assistance with various aspects of the CRDS gas analyzers, and the CARVE Science Team for assistance and advice. This effort was funded by NOAA through the North American Carbon Program. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 61 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 511 EP 526 DI 10.5194/amt-6-511-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118GA UT WOS:000317011200001 ER PT J AU Baidar, S Oetjen, H Coburn, S Dix, B Ortega, I Sinreich, R Volkamer, R AF Baidar, S. Oetjen, H. Coburn, S. Dix, B. Ortega, I. Sinreich, R. Volkamer, R. TI The CU Airborne MAX-DOAS instrument: vertical profiling of aerosol extinction and trace gases SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; ARCTIC STRATOSPHERIC EXPEDITION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODELS; UV-VISIBLE OBSERVATIONS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; COLUMN ABUNDANCES; FEBRUARY 1989; OXIDATIVE CAPACITY; LIMB MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-SECTION AB The University of Colorado Airborne Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU AMAX-DOAS) instrument uses solar stray light to detect and quantify multiple trace gases, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), glyoxal (CHOCHO), formaldehyde (HCHO), water vapor (H2O), nitrous acid (HONO), iodine monoxide (IO), bromine monoxide (BrO), and oxygen dimers (O-4) at multiple wavelengths (absorption bands at 360, 477, 577, 632 nm) simultaneously in the open atmosphere. The instrument is unique as it (1) features a motion compensation system that decouples the telescope field of view from aircraft movements in real time (< 0.35 degrees accuracy), and (2) includes measurements of solar stray light photons from nadir, zenith, and multiple elevation angles forward and below the plane by the same spectrometer/detector system. Sets of solar stray light spectra collected from nadir to zenith scans provide some vertical profile information within 2 km above and below the aircraft altitude, and the vertical column density (VCD) below the aircraft is measured in nadir view. Maximum information about vertical profiles is derived simultaneously for trace gas concentrations and aerosol extinction coefficients over similar spatial scales and with a vertical resolution of typically 250 m during aircraft ascent/descent. The instrument is described, and data from flights over California during the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) and CARES (Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study) air quality field campaigns is presented. Horizontal distributions of NO2 VCD (below the aircraft) maps are sampled with typically 1 km resolution, and show good agreement with two ground-based MAX-DOAS instruments (slope = 0.95 +/- 0.09, R-2 = 0.86). As a case study vertical profiles of NO2, CHOCHO, HCHO, and H2O concentrations and aerosol extinction coefficients, epsilon, at 477 nm calculated from O-4 measurements from a low approach at Brackett airfield inside the South Coast Air Basin (SCAB) are presented. These profiles contain similar to 12 degrees of freedom (DOF) over a 3.5 km altitude range, an independent information approximately every 250 m. The boundary layer NO2 concentration, and the integral aerosol extinction over height (aerosol optical depth, AOD) agrees well with nearby ground-based in situ NO2 measurement, and AERONET station. The detection limits of NO2, CHOCHO, HCHO, H2O442, epsilon(360), epsilon(477) for 30 s integration time spectra recorded forward of the plane are 5 ppt, 3 ppt, 100 ppt, 42 ppm, 0.004 km(-1), 0.002 km(-1) in the free troposphere (FT), and 30 ppt, 16 ppt, 540 ppt, 252 ppm, 0.012 km(-1), 0.006 km(-1) inside the boundary layer (BL), respectively. Mobile column observations of trace gases and aerosols are complimentary to in situ observations, and help bridge the spatial scales that are probed by satellites and ground-based observations, and predicted by atmospheric models. C1 [Baidar, S.; Oetjen, H.; Coburn, S.; Dix, B.; Ortega, I.; Sinreich, R.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baidar, S.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Oetjen, Hilke/H-3708-2016 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Oetjen, Hilke/0000-0002-3542-1337 FU California Air Resource Board (CARB) [09-317]; National Science Foundation [ATM-847793]; CU startup funds; ESRL-CIRES Graduate Fellowship FX This work was supported by the California Air Resource Board (CARB) contract 09-317, the National Science Foundation CAREER award ATM-847793, CU startup funds (RV) and an ESRL-CIRES Graduate Fellowship (SB). The authors thank Dr. Jochen Stutz for providing AERONET data at the Caltech site. The authors like to thank Tim Deutschmann, University of Heidelberg for the radiative transfer code, McArtim, David Thomson for the software support, Caroline Fayt and Michel van Roozendael for the WinDOAS software and the NOAA Twin Otter research flight crew. NR 68 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 51 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 719 EP 739 DI 10.5194/amt-6-719-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118GA UT WOS:000317011200016 ER PT J AU Biraud, SC Torn, MS Smith, JR Sweeney, C Riley, WJ Tans, PP AF Biraud, S. C. Torn, M. S. Smith, J. R. Sweeney, C. Riley, W. J. Tans, P. P. TI A multi-year record of airborne CO2 observations in the US Southern Great Plains SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT MODELS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; FLUXES; EXCHANGE; CYCLE; VARIABILITY; INVERSION; SINKS; DELTA-C-13 AB We report on 10 yr of airborne measurements of atmospheric CO2 mole fraction from continuous and flask systems, collected between 2002 and 2012 over the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Climate Research Facility in the US Southern Great Plains (SGP). These observations were designed to quantify trends and variability in atmospheric mole fraction of CO2 and other greenhouse gases with the precision and accuracy needed to evaluate ground-based and satellite-based column CO2 estimates, test forward and inverse models, and help with the interpretation of ground-based CO2 mole-fraction measurements. During flights, we measured CO2 and meteorological data continuously and collected flasks for a rich suite of additional gases: CO2, CO, CH4, N2O, (CO2)-C-13, carbonyl sulfide (COS), and trace hydrocarbon species. These measurements were collected approximately twice per week by small aircraft (Cessna 172 initially, then Cessna 206) on a series of horizontal legs ranging in altitude from 460 m to 5500 m a.m.s.l. Since the beginning of the program, more than 400 continuous CO2 vertical profiles have been collected (2007-2012), along with about 330 profiles from NOAA/ESRL 12-flask (2006-2012) and 284 from NOAA/ESRL 2-flask (2002-2006) packages for carbon cycle gases and isotopes. Averaged over the entire record, there were no systematic differences between the continuous and flask CO2 observations when they were sampling the same air, i.e., over the one-minute flask-sampling time. Using multiple technologies (a flask sampler and two continuous analyzers), we documented a mean difference of < 0.2 ppm between instruments. However, flask data were not equivalent in all regards; horizontal variability in CO2 mole fraction within the 5-10 min legs sometimes resulted in significant differences between flask and continuous measurement values for those legs, and the information contained in fine-scale variability about atmospheric transport was not captured by flask-based observations. The CO2 mole fraction trend at 3000 m a.m.s.l. was 1.91 ppm yr(-1) between 2008 and 2010, very close to the concurrent trend at Mauna Loa of 1.95 ppm yr(-1). The seasonal amplitude of CO2 mole fraction in the free troposphere (FT) was half that in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) (similar to 15 ppm vs. similar to 30 ppm) and twice that at Mauna Loa (approximately 8 ppm). The CO2 horizontal variability was up to 10 ppm in the PBL and less than 1 ppm at the top of the vertical profiles in the FT. C1 [Biraud, S. C.; Torn, M. S.; Riley, W. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smith, J. R.] Atmospher Observing Syst Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Biraud, SC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM scbiraud@lbl.gov RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Riley, William/D-3345-2015; Torn, Margaret/D-2305-2015 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Riley, William/0000-0002-4615-2304; FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM); Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the ARM Aerial Facility; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program; SBIR from the US Department of Commerce; US Department of Energy; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX This research was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program. AOS was supported by SBIR grants over a ten year period from the US Department of Commerce, the US Department of Energy and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The authors thank their colleagues for continuing support and discussion during the coffee breaks; The Greenwood group and pilot Bob Fristoe for their dedication to the program. NR 52 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 751 EP 763 DI 10.5194/amt-6-751-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118GA UT WOS:000317011200018 ER PT J AU Gomez-Pelaez, AJ Ramos, R Gomez-Trueba, V Novelli, PC Campo-Hernandez, R AF Gomez-Pelaez, A. J. Ramos, R. Gomez-Trueba, V. Novelli, P. C. Campo-Hernandez, R. TI A statistical approach to quantify uncertainty in carbon monoxide measurements at the Izana global GAW station: 2008-2011 SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TENERIFE CANARY-ISLANDS; OXIDIZING CAPACITY; FREE TROPOSPHERE; MIXING RATIOS; CAMPAIGN; DIOXIDE; CO AB Amospheric CO in situ measurements are carried out at the Izana (Tenerife) global GAW (Global Atmosphere Watch Programme of the World Meteorological Organization - WMO) mountain station using a Reduction Gas Analyser (RGA). In situ measurements at Izana are representative of the subtropical Northeast Atlantic free troposphere, especially during nighttime. We present the measurement system configuration, the response function, the calibration scheme, the data processing, the Izana 2008-2011 CO nocturnal time series, and the mean diurnal cycle by months. We have developed a rigorous uncertainty analysis for carbon monoxide measurements carried out at the Izana station, which could be applied to other GAW stations. We determine the combined standard measurement uncertainty taking into consideration four contributing components: uncertainty of the WMO standard gases interpolated over the range of measurement, the uncertainty that takes into account the agreement between the standard gases and the response function used, the uncertainty due to the repeatability of the injections, and the propagated uncertainty related to the temporal consistency of the response function parameters (which also takes into account the covariance between the parameters). The mean value of the combined standard uncertainty decreased significantly after March 2009, from 2.37 nmol mol(-1) to 1.66 nmol mol(-1), due to improvements in the measurement system. A fifth type of uncertainty we call representation uncertainty is considered when some of the data necessary to compute the temporal mean are absent. Any computed mean has also a propagated uncertainty arising from the uncertainties of the data used to compute the mean. The law of propagation depends on the type of uncertainty component (random or systematic). In situ hourly means are compared with simultaneous and collocated NOAA flask samples. The uncertainty of the differences is computed and used to determine whether the differences are significant. For 2009-2011, only 24.5% of the differences are significant, and 68% of the differences are between -2.39 and 2.5 nmol mol(-1). Total and annual mean differences are computed using conventional expressions but also expressions with weights based on the minimum variance method. The annual mean differences for 2009-2011 are well within the +/- 2 nmol mol(-1) compatibility goal of GAW. C1 [Gomez-Pelaez, A. J.; Ramos, R.; Gomez-Trueba, V.; Campo-Hernandez, R.] Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, IARC, Izana 38311, Spain. [Gomez-Trueba, V.] Air Liquide Espana, Delegacion Canarias 38509, Candelaria, Spain. [Novelli, P. C.] NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gomez-Pelaez, AJ (reprint author), Meteorol State Agcy Spain AEMET, IARC, Izana 38311, Spain. EM agomezp@aemet.es RI Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/L-9268-2015 OI Gomez-Pelaez, Angel/0000-0003-4881-2975 FU AEMET FX This study was developed within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Programme at the Izana Atmospheric Research Center, financed by AEMET. We are grateful to Christoph Zellweger for advice during the configuration of the RGA, and to the Izana observatory staff. The collaborative air sampling network operated by the NOAA-ESRL-GMD carbon cycle group is acknowledged for its many years of measurements at the observatory. We thank the editor and two anonymous referees for their comments, which helped to improve the manuscript. AJGP thanks Celia Milford for English language comments. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 787 EP 799 DI 10.5194/amt-6-787-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118GA UT WOS:000317011200021 ER PT J AU Rella, CW Chen, H Andrews, AE Filges, A Gerbig, C Hatakka, J Karion, A Miles, NL Richardson, SJ Steinbacher, M Sweeney, C Wastine, B Zellweger, C AF Rella, C. W. Chen, H. Andrews, A. E. Filges, A. Gerbig, C. Hatakka, J. Karion, A. Miles, N. L. Richardson, S. J. Steinbacher, M. Sweeney, C. Wastine, B. Zellweger, C. TI High accuracy measurements of dry mole fractions of carbon dioxide and methane in humid air SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TALL TOWER; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-VAPOR; CO2 SOURCES; EXCHANGE; FLUXES; SCALE; INVERSION AB Traditional techniques for measuring the mole fractions of greenhouse gases in the well-mixed atmosphere have required dry sample gas streams (dew point < -25 degrees C) to achieve the inter-laboratory compatibility goals set forth by the Global Atmosphere Watch programme of the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO/GAW) for carbon dioxide (+/- 0.1 ppm in the Northern Hemisphere and +/- 0.05 ppm in the Southern Hemisphere) and methane (+/- 2 ppb). Drying the sample gas to low levels of water vapour can be expensive, time-consuming, and/or problematic, especially at remote sites where access is difficult. Recent advances in optical measurement techniques, in particular cavity ring down spectroscopy, have led to the development of greenhouse gas analysers capable of simultaneous measurements of carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour. Unlike many older technologies, which can suffer from significant uncorrected interference from water vapour, these instruments permit accurate and precise greenhouse gas measurements that can meet the WMO/GAW inter-laboratory compatibility goals (WMO, 2011a) without drying the sample gas. In this paper, we present laboratory methodology for empirically deriving the water vapour correction factors, and we summarise a series of in-situ validation experiments comparing the measurements in humid gas streams to well-characterised dry-gas measurements. By using the manufacturer-supplied correction factors, the dry-mole fraction measurements have been demonstrated to be well within the GAW compatibility goals up to a water vapour concentration of at least 1%. By determining the correction factors for individual instruments once at the start of life, this water vapour concentration range can be extended to at least 2% over the life of the instrument, and if the correction factors are determined periodically over time, the evidence suggests that this range can be extended up to and even above 4% water vapour concentrations. C1 [Rella, C. W.] Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Chen, H.; Andrews, A. E.; Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Filges, A.; Gerbig, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Hatakka, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Miles, N. L.; Richardson, S. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Steinbacher, M.; Zellweger, C.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wastine, B.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Rella, CW (reprint author), Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. EM rella@picarro.com RI Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009 OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115 FU Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry through the IAGOS research infrastructure; European Community [212128]; MeteoSwiss through engagement in the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch Programme FX Laboratory experiments at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry were supported through the IAGOS research infrastructure, funded in its preparatory phase under the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7, grant agreement no. 212128. The measurement campaign at Pallas was supported by MeteoSwiss through engagement in the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch Programme. A portion of the data from Mace Head observatory was provided thanks to Michael Geever and Gerard Spain from National University of Ireland, Galway; and thanks to David Dood from Environment Protection Agency, Dublin, Ireland. Finally, the authors would also like to thank R. Keeling, R. Weiss, and L. Welp-Smith for thoughtful discussion. NR 38 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 837 EP 860 DI 10.5194/amt-6-837-2013 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118GA UT WOS:000317011200025 ER PT J AU Turvey, ST Risley, CL Moore, JE Barrett, LA Hao, YJ Zhao, XJ Zhou, KY Wang, D AF Turvey, Samuel T. Risley, Claire L. Moore, Jeffrey E. Barrett, Leigh A. Hao Yujiang Zhao Xiujiang Zhou Kaiya Wang Ding TI Can local ecological knowledge be used to assess status and extinction drivers in a threatened freshwater cetacean? SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Fisheries by-catch; Incidental mortality; Interview survey; Mortality index; Neophocaena; Yangtze finless porpoise ID YANGTZE FINLESS PORPOISE; NEOPHOCAENA-PHOCAENOIDES-ASIAEORIENTALIS; BAIJI LIPOTES-VEXILLIFER; ET-AL. 2007; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; MORTALITY PARAMETERS; MONITORING TRENDS; POPULATION STATUS; MARINE MAMMALS; DONGTING LAKE AB Local ecological knowledge constitutes a potentially useful source of information for conservation, but the quality, limitations and biases of this body of knowledge remain largely untested. The Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is a highly threatened freshwater cetacean found in one of the world's most densely populated human environments. The dynamics of porpoise decline remain poorly understood, and local ecological knowledge from fishing communities across its range may represent an important conservation tool for monitoring porpoise population status and quantifying levels of human-caused mortality. We used interview data from an extensive survey of fishing communities across the middle-lower Yangtze drainage to investigate spatial and temporal patterns of porpoise abundance, mortality and population change. Interview data on porpoise relative abundance and decline, especially weekly sighting frequencies, show congruent spatial patterns with data collected from boat-based Yangtze cetacean surveys, demonstrating that informant data can provide accurate quantitative information on these two key parameters of species conservation status. Interview-based collection of local ecological knowledge therefore represents a useful monitoring method for assessing population trends in freshwater cetaceans and other charismatic or distinctive aquatic species, and may be particularly appropriate in regions where resources for regular boat-based surveys are limited. Using local ecological knowledge to identify primary threats to the porpoise population is less straightforward due to probable biases in interview data on porpoise mortality. However, interview data are able to demonstrate that the number of porpoises killed annually in the Yangtze mainstem may have doubled and that the annual mortality rate may have quadrupled over the past two decades, with mortality due to vessel strikes and other factors having increased more in recent years than by-catch mortality. It seems unlikely that fisheries mortality has been the dominant driver of porpoise decline in the Yangtze mainstem, suggesting that regulating regional fisheries may not be sufficient for porpoise conservation. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Turvey, Samuel T.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Risley, Claire L.] Univ Liverpool, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Neston CH64 7TE, Cheshire, England. [Moore, Jeffrey E.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Barrett, Leigh A.] Freshwater Dolphin CIC, Madrid 28043, Spain. [Hao Yujiang; Zhao Xiujiang; Wang Ding] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Key Lab Aquat Biodivers & Conservat, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Zhao Xiujiang] China Three Gorges Corp, Dept Sci Technol & Environm, Yichang 443002, Peoples R China. [Zhou Kaiya] Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jiangsu Key Lab Biodivers & Biotechnol, Nanjing 210097, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Turvey, ST (reprint author), Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, Regents Pk, London NW1 4RY, England. EM samuel.turvey@ioz.ac.uk; wangd@ihb.ac.cn FU Marine Mammal Commission; Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong; People's Trust for Endangered Species; ZSL's EDGE of Existence programme; NERC Postdoctoral Fellowship [NE/D009456/1]; Royal Society University Research Fellowship [UF080320] FX Funding was provided by the Marine Mammal Commission, Ocean Park Conservation Foundation Hong Kong, People's Trust for Endangered Species, ZSL's EDGE of Existence programme, a NERC Postdoctoral Fellowship (NE/D009456/1), and a Royal Society University Research Fellowship (UF080320). Fieldwork was assisted by D. Chan, B. Chen, S. Dong, Y. Huang, Z. Kai, Y. Kong, A. Li, X. Qin, J. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Xian, L. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and C. Waterman. Particular thanks go to all Yangtze regional fisheries authorities that participated in the survey, without whose kind assistance this project would not have been possible. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 157 BP 352 EP 360 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.07.016 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 113FF UT WOS:000316651200041 ER PT J AU Geier, SJ Mason, JA Bloch, ED Queen, WL Hudson, MR Brown, CM Long, JR AF Geier, Stephen J. Mason, Jarad A. Bloch, Eric D. Queen, Wendy L. Hudson, Matthew R. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Selective adsorption of ethylene over ethane and propylene over propane in the metal-organic frameworks M-2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn) SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; IRON(II) COORDINATION SITES; HYDROGEN STORAGE; KINETIC SEPARATION; OLEFIN/PARAFFIN SEPARATIONS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METHANE STORAGE; HIGH-CAPACITY; COMPLEXES; ACETYLENE AB A significant reduction in the energy costs associated with the cryogenic separation of ethylene-ethane and propylene-propane mixtures could potentially be realized through the use of selective solid adsorbents that operate at higher temperatures. The metal-organic frameworks M-2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn; dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate) are of particular interest for this application, owing to their high density of coordinatively unsaturated M2+ cation sites that can selectively interact with unsaturated hydrocarbons. Here, we present gas adsorption data for ethylene, ethane, propylene, and propane at 45, 60, and 80 degrees C for the entire series. The means of sample preparation and activation is found to be important for achieving high separation selectivities and capacities. While all of the compounds investigated show good performance characteristics, Fe-2(dobdc) and Mn-2(dobdc) exhibit the highest selectivities for the separation of ethylene-ethane and propylene-propane mixtures, respectively. Crystal structures determined from neutron powder diffraction data elucidate the binding of ethane, ethylene, and propylene in Mn2(dobdc) and Co-2(dobdc). C1 [Geier, Stephen J.; Mason, Jarad A.; Bloch, Eric D.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.; Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341 FU Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation; NSERC; National Science Foundation; NIST/NRC FX This research was funded through the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award no. DE-SC0001015. We thank the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry and NSERC for support of S. J. G., the National Science Foundation for fellowship support of J. A. M, and support for W. L. Q. and M. R. H. from the NIST/NRC Fellowship Program. NR 80 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 15 U2 201 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 EI 2041-6539 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2013 VL 4 IS 5 BP 2054 EP 2061 DI 10.1039/c3sc00032j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 117PV UT WOS:000316966500015 ER PT J AU Morrill, C Anderson, DM Bauer, BA Buckner, R Gille, EP Gross, WS Hartman, M Shah, A AF Morrill, C. Anderson, D. M. Bauer, B. A. Buckner, R. Gille, E. P. Gross, W. S. Hartman, M. Shah, A. TI Proxy benchmarks for intercomparison of 8.2 ka simulations SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; GREENLAND ICE CORES; YR BP EVENT; EARLY HOLOCENE; COLD EVENT; MEDITERRANEAN REGION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; YOUNGER DRYAS; ASIAN MONSOON AB The Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) now includes the 8.2 ka event as a test of model sensitivity to North Atlantic freshwater forcing. To provide benchmarks for intercomparison, we compiled and analyzed high-resolution records spanning this event. Two previously-described anomaly patterns that emerge are cooling around the North Atlantic and drier conditions in the Northern Hemisphere tropics. Newer to this compilation are more robustly-defined wetter conditions in the Southern Hemisphere tropics and regionally-limited warming in the Southern Hemisphere. Most anomalies around the globe lasted on the order of 100 to 150 yr. More quantitative reconstructions are now available and indicate cooling of similar to 1 degrees C and a similar to 20% decrease in precipitation in parts of Europe as well as spatial gradients in delta O-18 from the high to low latitudes. Unresolved questions remain about the seasonality of the climate response to freshwater forcing and the extent to which the bipolar seesaw operated in the early Holocene. C1 [Morrill, C.; Gille, E. P.; Hartman, M.; Shah, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, C.; Anderson, D. M.; Bauer, B. A.; Buckner, R.; Gille, E. P.; Gross, W. S.; Hartman, M.; Shah, A.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Morrill, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carrie.morrill@colorado.edu OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU NSF Office of Polar Programs [ARC-0713951] FX We thank Masa Kageyama, Anders Carlson and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. This work was supported by a NSF Office of Polar Programs grant to CM (ARC-0713951). We thank all of the scientists who have archived their data at the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology. Figures were created with the NCAR Command Language version 6.0.0 (http://dx.doi.org/10.5065/D6WD3XH5). This paper is dedicated to the memories of Rodney Buckner and Michael Hartman. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 423 EP 432 DI 10.5194/cp-9-423-2013 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117OD UT WOS:000316961900026 ER PT J AU Cronin, MF Bond, NA Farrar, JT Ichikawa, H Jayne, SR Kawai, Y Konda, M Qiu, B Rainville, L Tomita, H AF Cronin, Meghan F. Bond, Nicholas A. Farrar, J. Thomas Ichikawa, Hiroshi Jayne, Steven R. Kawai, Yoshimi Konda, Masanori Qiu, Bo Rainville, Luc Tomita, Hiroyuki TI Formation and erosion of the seasonal thermocline in the Kuroshio Extension Recirculation Gyre SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Air-sea interaction; Heat budget; Kuroshio Extension; Mixing processes ID SUBTROPICAL MODE WATER; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH PACIFIC; HEAT-BALANCE; MIXED-LAYER; TURBULENT DISSIPATION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; FLUXES; REGION AB Data from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) surface mooring are used to analyze the balance of processes affecting the upper ocean heat content and surface mixed layer temperature variations in the Recirculation Gyre (RG) south of the Kuroshio Extension (KE). Cold and dry air blowing across the ICE and its warm RG during winter cause very large heat fluxes out of the ocean that result in the erosion of the seasonal thermocline in the RG. Some of this heat is replenished through horizontal heat advection, which may enable the seasonal thermocline to begin restratifying while the net surface heat flux is still acting to cool the upper ocean. Once the surface heat flux begins warming the ocean, restratification occurs rapidly due to the low thermal inertia of the shallow mixed layer depth. Enhanced diffusive mixing below the mixed layer tends to transfer some of the mixed layer heat downward, eroding and potentially modifying sequestered subtropical mode water and even the deeper waters of the main thermocline during winter. Diffusivity at the base of the mixed layer, estimated from the residual of the mixed layer temperature balance, is roughly 3 x 10(-4) m(2)/s during the summer and up to two orders of magnitude larger during winter. The enhanced diffusivities appear to be due to large inertial shear generated by wind events associated with winter storms and summer tropical cyclones. The diffusivity's seasonality is likely due to seasonal variations in stratification just below the mixed layer depth, which is large during the summer when the seasonal thermocline is fully developed and low during the winter when the mixed layer extends to the top of the thermocline. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington NOAA Joint Inst Study Atmosphere, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Farrar, J. Thomas; Jayne, Steven R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ichikawa, Hiroshi; Kawai, Yoshimi; Konda, Masanori; Tomita, Hiroyuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Konda, Masanori] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sakyo Ku, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Qiu, Bo] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Rainville, Luc] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Meghan.F.Cronin@noaa.gov RI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/A-9523-2010; Farrar, John T./F-3532-2012; Qiu, Bo/D-9569-2017 OI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/0000-0001-6576-0455; Farrar, John T./0000-0003-3495-1990; FU NSF [OCE-0827125, OCE-0825152, OCN-0220680] FX The roots of KEG and KESS can be traced back to early work done by Tom Rossby in the Gulf Stream and the 18 degrees C water region of the North Atlantic. Tom has influenced the careers of nearly all authors here. It is an honor to have this paper included in this special issue as a tribute to Tom. KEO was funded by the NOAA Office of Climate Observations. We gratefully acknowledge the dedication of the PMEL Ocean Climate Station project office (http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/OCS/) and TAO personnel in maintaining the KEO mooring. Shiptime was provided by KESS in 2004-2006, and through a partnership with JAMSTEC in 2007-2009. We thank the captains, crews, and science parties of the R/V Thompson, R/V Revelle, R/V Melville, R/V Kaiyo, R/V Shoyomaru, and the R/V Mirai. N. Bond and L. Rainville were supported by NSF Grant OCE-0827125. T. Farrar and S. Jayne were supported by NSF Grant OCE-0825152. B. Qiu was supported by NSF Grant OCN-0220680. The SST, wind stress, and SSH products were all accessed through the Asia-Pacific Data Research Center (APDRC). This is PMEL publication #3706. NR 46 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 30 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 85 SI SI BP 62 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.018 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 114AV UT WOS:000316713200006 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS Johns, WE Garzoli, SL van Sebille, E Rayner, D Kanzow, T Baringer, MO AF Meinen, Christopher S. Johns, William E. Garzoli, Silvia L. van Sebille, Erik Rayner, Darren Kanzow, Torsten Baringer, Molly O. TI Variability of the Deep Western Boundary Current at 26.5 degrees N during 2004-2009 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Meridional Overturning Circulation; Deep Western Boundary Current; Transport; Inverted Echo Sounder; Thermohaline; Variability ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; INVERTED ECHO SOUNDERS; 26.5 DEGREES N; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ABACO-ISLAND; TRANSPORT VARIABILITY; VOLUME TRANSPORTS; OCEAN; BAHAMAS AB Five years of data from a line of dynamic height moorings (DHM), bottom-pressure recorders (BPR), and pressure-equipped inverted echo sounders (PIES) near the Atlantic Ocean western boundary at 26.5 degrees N are used to evaluate the structure and variability of the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) during 2004-2009. Comparisons made between transports estimated from the DHM BPR and those made by the PIES demonstrate that the two systems are collecting equivalent volume transport information (correlation coefficient r=0.96, root-mean-square difference=6 Sv; 1 Sv=10(6) m(3) s(-1)). Integrated to similar to 450 km off from the continental shelf and between 800 and 4800 dbar, the DWBC has a mean transport of approximately 32 Sv and a standard deviation during these five years of 16 Sv. Both the barotropic (full-depth vertical mean) and baroclinic flows have significant variability (changes exceeding 10 Sv) on time scales ranging from a few days to months, with the barotropic variations being larger and more energetic at all time scales. The annual cycle of the deep transport is highly dependent on the horizontal integration distance; integrating 100 km offshore yields an annual cycle of roughly similar magnitude but shifted in phase relative to that found from current meter arrays in the 1980-1990s, while the annual cycle becomes quite weak when integrating similar to 450 km offshore. Variations in the DWBC transport far exceed those of the total basin-wide Meridional Overturning Circulation (standard deviations of 16 Sv vs. 5 Sv). Transport integrated in the deep layer out to the west side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge still demonstrates a surprisingly high variance, indicating that some compensation of the western basin deep variability must occur in the eastern basin. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Meinen, Christopher S.; Johns, William E.; Garzoli, Silvia L.; van Sebille, Erik; Rayner, Darren; Kanzow, Torsten; Baringer, Molly O.] NOAA AOML PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA AOML PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov RI van Sebille, Erik/F-6781-2010; Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI van Sebille, Erik/0000-0003-2041-0704; Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NSF Physical Oceanography Program; NERC Rapid Climate Change Program FX The authors wish to express their appreciation and admiration to Tom Rossby, who was heavily involved in the invention of some of the scientific instruments used herein, who served on some of our dissertation committees, who taught some of our graduate school classes, and who has been a tireless advocate for observational physical oceanography for many years while simultaneously being a great colleague. Thank you Tom! The authors would also like to express their appreciation to the ship officers and crew of the RRS Discovery, R/V Seward Johnson, R/V Knorr, R/V Oceanus, RAT Cape Hatteras, and the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown for their assistance in maintaining the Deep Western Boundary Current components of these joint arrays. Support for this program was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office, the NSF Physical Oceanography Program, and the NERC Rapid Climate Change Program. Thanks also for the outstanding contributions of the project teams at the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, at the University of Miami, and at the National Oceanography Centre. Very helpful comments on improving an earlier draft of this manuscript were kindly provided by Libby Johns, Lisa Beal and two anonymous reviewers. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 85 SI SI BP 154 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.07.036 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 114AV UT WOS:000316713200013 ER PT J AU Koslow, JA Goericke, R Watson, W AF Koslow, J. Anthony Goericke, Ralf Watson, William TI Fish assemblages in the Southern California Current: relationships with climate, 1951-2008 SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California Current; climate; community composition; ichthyoplankton; principal component analysis ID APPARENT OXYGEN UTILIZATION; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; LONG-TERM TRENDS; CURRENT REGION; NORTH PACIFIC; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; LARVAE; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS AB We examined the dominant patterns of variability in the fish fauna of the southern California Current based on a principal component (PC) analysis of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations ichthyoplankton data set, 19512008. Eighty-six taxa were analyzed, including all ecologically dominant fish species, both exploited and unexploited. The first three PCs accounted for 20.5, 12.4 and 6.8% of the variance of the data, respectively (total: 39.7%). Each was dominated by taxa from particular adult or larval habitats. PC 1 predominantly represented the coherent response of 24 mesopelagic taxa from 10 families and was most highly correlated with long-term trends in midwater oxygen levels. PC 2 was dominated by six of the seven most abundant ichthyoplankton taxa in the region, predominantly California Current endemics including key pelagic species (northern anchovy, Pacific sardine and Pacific hake), rockfishes (genus Sebastes) and two midwater taxa. It was correlated primarily with sea surface temperature and exhibited a significant declining trend. PC 3 was dominated by coastal and reef-associated fishes with predominantly southerly affinities. It was positively correlated with sea surface temperature and sea level height, a proxy for diminished flow of the California Current. The taxa dominating PCs 2 and 3 mostly spatially co-occur as ichthyoplankton. These results suggest that fish assemblages in the California Current are predominantly influenced by environmental forcing of their ocean habitats as adults or larvae, or both. C1 [Koslow, J. Anthony; Goericke, Ralf] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Watson, William] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Koslow, JA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jkoslow@ucsd.edu FU California Coastal Conservancy [07-042] FX We thank K. Baker and M. Kortz for database assistance. Discussion with M. Ohman significantly influenced our perspective on climate change. This work was partially funded by Grant 07-042 from the California Coastal Conservancy. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 7 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 3 BP 207 EP 219 DI 10.1111/fog.12018 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 119BU UT WOS:000317072600005 ER PT J AU Lakhankar, TY Munoz, J Romanov, P Powell, AM Krakauer, NY Rossow, WB Khanbilvardi, RM AF Lakhankar, T. Y. Munoz, J. Romanov, P. Powell, A. M. Krakauer, N. Y. Rossow, W. B. Khanbilvardi, R. M. TI CREST-Snow Field Experiment: analysis of snowpack properties using multi-frequency microwave remote sensing data SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WATER EQUIVALENT; EMISSION MODEL; SSM/I MEASUREMENTS; DEPTH; ALGORITHM; CANADA; IDENTIFICATION; RADIOMETERS; RETRIEVALS; EVENTS AB The CREST-Snow Analysis and Field Experiment (CREST-SAFE) was carried out during January-March 2011 at the research site of the National Weather Service office, Caribou, ME, USA. In this experiment dual-polarized microwave (37 and 89 GHz) observations were accompanied by detailed synchronous observations of meteorology and snowpack physical properties. The objective of this long-term field experiment was to improve understanding of the effect of changing snow characteristics (grain size, density, temperature) under various meteorological conditions on the microwave emission of snow and hence to improve retrievals of snow cover properties from satellite observations. In this paper we present an overview of the field experiment and comparative preliminary analysis of the continuous microwave and snowpack observations and simulations. The observations revealed a large difference between the brightness temperature of fresh and aged snowpack even when the snow depth was the same. This is indicative of a substantial impact of evolution of snowpack properties such as snow grain size, density and wetness on microwave observations. In the early spring we frequently observed a large diurnal variation in the 37 and 89 GHz brightness temperature with small depolarization corresponding to daytime snowmelt and nighttime refreeze events. SNTHERM (SNow THERmal Model) and the HUT (Helsinki University of Technology) snow emission model were used to simulate snowpack properties and microwave brightness temperatures, respectively. Simulated snow depth and snowpack temperature using SNTHERM were compared to in situ observations. Similarly, simulated microwave brightness temperatures using the HUT model were compared with the observed brightness temperatures under different snow conditions to identify different states of the snowpack that developed during the winter season. C1 [Lakhankar, T. Y.; Munoz, J.; Romanov, P.; Krakauer, N. Y.; Rossow, W. B.; Khanbilvardi, R. M.] CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr NO, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Powell, A. M.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Lakhankar, TY (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr NO, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM tlakhankar@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lakhankar, Tarendra/F-9490-2011; Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 OI Lakhankar, Tarendra/0000-0002-4759-2141; Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004, NA09NES4400006] FX This study was supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under grant numbers NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004 and NA09NES4400006. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. The authors also acknowledge Peter Rahe and Bill Desjardins from NOAA's National Weather Service in Caribou, Maine for their help in the experiment setup. Thanks to Fred Solheim and team from the Radiometric Corporation for their quick help in instrument calibration and operation, and thanks to J. Pulliainen and Juha Lemmetyinen from Helsinki University of Technology for providing the HUT model. Thanks to Marouane Temimi for useful discussion and comments on preparation of the experiment and this manuscript. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 2 BP 783 EP 793 DI 10.5194/hess-17-783-2013 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 117NV UT WOS:000316961100008 ER PT J AU Koppinen, PJ Stewart, MD Zimmerman, NM AF Koppinen, P. J. Stewart, M. D., Jr. Zimmerman, Neil M. TI Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of Fully CMOS-Compatible Si Single-Electron Devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS); Coulomb blockade; quantum dot; silicon-on-insulator (SOI); single-electron transistor; single-electron tunneling (SET) ID QUANTUM DOTS; TRANSISTOR; DENSITY AB We present electrical data of silicon single-electron devices fabricated with CMOS techniques and protocols. The easily tuned devices show clean Coulomb diamonds at T = 30 mK and a charge offset drift of 0.01e over eight days. In addition, the devices exhibit robust transistor characteristics, including uniformity within about +/- 0.25 V in the threshold voltage, gate resistances greater than 10 G Omega, and immunity to dielectric breakdown in electric fields as high as 4 MV/cm. These results highlight the benefits in device performance of a silicon-foundry-compatible process for single-electron device fabrication. C1 [Koppinen, P. J.; Stewart, M. D., Jr.; Zimmerman, Neil M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. [Koppinen, P. J.; Stewart, M. D., Jr.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Koppinen, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. EM panu.koppinen@vtt.fi; Michael.d.stewart@nist.gov; neil.zimmerman@nist.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 2013 VL 60 IS 1 BP 78 EP 83 DI 10.1109/TED.2012.2227322 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 115ML UT WOS:000316816200013 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV AF Sergienko, Olga V. TI Glaciological twins: basally controlled subglacial and supraglacial lakes SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; WEST ANTARCTICA; FLOW MODEL; STREAMS; SURFACE; ASSIMILATION; WHILLANS; DRAINAGE; BENEATH; ISBRAE AB Subglacial lakes beneath ice streams of Antarctica and supraglacial lakes observed on the flanks of the Greenland ice sheet may seem to be unrelated. The former derive their water from energy dissipation associated with basal friction, the latter from atmospherically driven surface melting. However, using numerical models of ice and water flow, it is shown here that they share a common relationship to basal conditions that implies that surface lakes (or depressions that could host lakes under warmer atmospheric conditions) and basal lakes might exist in tandem. C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU US National Science Foundation [ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534] FX I thank Doug MacAyeal for help with the manuscript. Valuable comments and constructive criticisms by two anonymous referees and Scientific Editor John Woodward are gratefully acknowledged. This research is supported by US National Science Foundation grants ANT-0838811 and ARC-0934534. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 26 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA EDINBURGH BLDG, SHAFTESBURY RD, CB2 8RU CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 213 BP 3 EP 8 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J040 PG 6 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 109MU UT WOS:000316373500001 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV AF Sergienko, Olga V. TI Normal modes of a coupled ice-shelf/sub-ice-shelf cavity system SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST ANTARCTICA; MECHANISM; TONGUE; OCEAN AB Ice shelves and ice tongues are dynamically coupled to their cavities. Here we compute normal modes (eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions) of this coupled system using a thin-plate approximation for the ice shelf and potential water flow in the ice-shelf cavity. Our results show that normal modes depend not only on the ice-shelf parameters (length, thickness, Young's modulus, etc.) but also on the cavity depth. The dominant eigenmodes are higher for ice shelves floating over deeper cavities; they are also higher for shorter ice shelves and ice tongues (<50 km long). The high-eigenfrequency eigenmodes are primarily controlled by the ice flexure and have similar periods to sea swell. These results suggest that both long ocean waves with periods of 100-400 s and shorter sea swell with periods of 10-20s can have strong impacts on relatively short ice shelves and ice tongues by exciting oscillations with their eigenfrequencies, which can lead to iceberg calving and, in some circumstances, ice-shelf disintegration. C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU US National Science Foundation [ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534] FX I am indebted to Caroline Muller for catching an error in the original analysis. I thank Doug MacAyeal and Chief Editor Jo Jacka for help with the manuscript. Valuable comments and constructive criticisms by two anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. This research is supported by US National Science Foundation grants ANT-0838811 and ARC-0934534. NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 213 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J096 PG 5 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 109MU UT WOS:000316373500008 ER PT J AU Cray, C Arheart, KL Hunt, M Clauss, T Leppert, LL Roberts, K McCulloch, SD Goldstein, JD Gonzalez, C Sweeney, J Stone, R Fair, PA Bossart, GD AF Cray, Carolyn Arheart, Kristopher L. Hunt, Michael Clauss, Tonya Leppert, Lynda L. Roberts, Kevin McCulloch, Stephen D. Goldstein, Juli D. Gonzalez, Christie Sweeney, Jay Stone, Rae Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Acute phase protein quantitation in serum samples from healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE Acute phase protein; acute phase response; bottlenose dolphins; C-reactive protein; haptoglobin; inflammation; serum amyloid A ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; TRICHECHUS-MANATUS-LATIROSTRIS; AMYLOID-A SAA; TURBIDOMETRIC IMMUNOASSAY; PHOCA-VITULINA; HAPTOGLOBIN; DOGS; INFLAMMATION; ANIMALS; FLORIDA AB Acute phase proteins (APPs) have been studied in many companion and large animals and have been reported to have a differential sensitivity to traditional markers of inflammation. Studies have been performed indicating the conservation of these proteins as well as the application and cross-reactivity of automated assays among different species, but few reports have detailed APPs in marine mammal species. In the present study, automated assays were utilized to generate reference intervals for C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid A using 44 serum samples from healthy Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). A total of 25 samples were obtained from dolphins under human care and 19 samples were obtained from free-ranging dolphins. Mild yet statistically significant differences were observed in levels of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A between these groups. The reference intervals from the combined groups were as follows: C-reactive protein 3.1-19.7 mg/l, haptoglobin 0-0.37mg/ml, and serum amyloid A 17.5-42.9 mg/l. These baseline data should provide an important foundation for future studies of the application of APP quantitation in monitoring the health and stressors of dolphins under human care and with live capture of free-ranging dolphins. C1 [Cray, Carolyn; Bossart, Gregory D.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Arheart, Kristopher L.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Hunt, Michael; Clauss, Tonya; Leppert, Lynda L.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA USA. [Roberts, Kevin] Marineland Dolphin Adventure, St Augustine, FL USA. [McCulloch, Stephen D.; Goldstein, Juli D.; Gonzalez, Christie; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Hlth, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL USA. [Sweeney, Jay; Stone, Rae] Dolphin Quest Inc, San Diego, CA USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Cray, C (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, POB 016960 R-46, Miami, FL 33101 USA. EM c.cray@miami.edu FU State of Florida Protect Wild Dolphins specialty license plate program; Georgia Aquarium FX The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Funding was provided, in part, by the State of Florida Protect Wild Dolphins specialty license plate program and the Georgia Aquarium. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1177/1040638712467986 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 113BD UT WOS:000316639900012 PM 23242666 ER PT J AU Li, HB Bristow, AD Siemens, ME Moody, G Cundiff, ST AF Li, Hebin Bristow, Alan D. Siemens, Mark E. Moody, Galan Cundiff, Steven T. TI Unraveling quantum pathways using optical 3D Fourier-transform spectroscopy SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT CONTROL; IR SPECTROSCOPY; LASER CONTROL; MANY-BODY; LIGHT; COUPLINGS; MOLECULES; PULSE AB Predicting and controlling quantum mechanical phenomena require knowledge of the system Hamiltonian. A detailed understanding of the quantum pathways used to construct the Hamiltonian is essential for deterministic control and improved performance of coherent control schemes. In complex systems, parameters characterizing the pathways, especially those associated with inter-particle interactions and coupling to the environment, can only be identified experimentally. Quantitative insight can be obtained provided the quantum pathways are isolated and independently analysed. Here we demonstrate this possibility in an atomic vapour using optical three-dimensional Fourier-transform spectroscopy. By unfolding the system's nonlinear response onto three frequency dimensions, three-dimensional spectra unambiguously reveal transition energies, relaxation rates and dipole moments of each pathway. The results demonstrate the unique capacity of this technique as a powerful tool for resolving the complex nature of quantum systems. This experiment is a critical step in the pursuit of complete experimental characterization of a system's Hamiltonian. C1 [Li, Hebin; Bristow, Alan D.; Siemens, Mark E.; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hebin; Bristow, Alan D.; Siemens, Mark E.; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 FU National Science Foundation through the JILA Physics Frontier Center; Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy; National Academy of Sciences; National Research Council FX The authors thank A. Kortyna for helpful discussions and Todd Asnicar for technical assistance with fabricating the sample cells. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the JILA Physics Frontier Center and the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the Department of Energy. M. E. S. acknowledges funding from the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council. NR 45 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 33 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 4 AR 1390 DI 10.1038/ncomms2405 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 112SV UT WOS:000316614600060 PM 23340430 ER PT J AU Dong, JL Xue, M AF Dong, Jili Xue, Ming TI Assimilation of radial velocity and reflectivity data from coastal WSR-88D radars using an ensemble Kalman filter for the analysis and forecast of landfalling hurricane Ike (2008) SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricane forecast; radar data assimilation ID TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; WRF-ARW MODEL; PART I; MICROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BOGUS VORTEX AB Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) assimilation and forecasting experiments are performed for the case of Hurricane Ike (2008), the third most destructive hurricane hitting the USA. Data from two coastal WSR-88D radars are carefully quality controlled before assimilation. In the control assimilation experiment, reflectivity (Z) and radial velocity (Vr) data from two radars are assimilated at 10 min intervals over a 2 h period shortly before Ike made landfall. A 32-member forecast ensemble is initialized by introducing both mesoscale and convective-scale perturbations to the initial National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational global forecast system (GFS) analysis background, and the ensemble spread during the analysis cycles is maintained using multiplicative covariance inflation and posterior additive perturbations. The radar data assimilation results in much improved vortex intensity and structure analysis over the corresponding GFS analysis. Compared with the forecast starting from the GFS analysis, the forecast intensity, track and structure of Ike over a 12 h period are much improved in both deterministic and ensemble forecasts. Assimilation of either Vr or Z leads to improvement in the forecasts, with Vr data exhibiting much greater impacts than Z data. With the 2 h assimilation window, 30 min assimilation intervals produced results similar to 10 min intervals, while 60 min intervals were found to be too long. The ensemble forecasts starting from the EnKF analyses are found to be mostly better than the corresponding deterministic forecast, especially after ensemble post-processing, such as probability matching for precipitation. Precipitation equitable threat scores were calculated and compared. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NSF [OCI-0905040, EEC-0313747, AGS-0608168, AGS-0738370, AGS-0750790, AGS-0802888, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171]; DOD ONR [N00014-10-1-0133, N00014-10-1-0775]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320904] FX This article is mostly based on the PhD research of the first author. The authors thank Dr Kun Zhao and Ningzhu Du for their assistance and helpful discussions. Jordan Schleif is thanked for proofreading the manuscript. This work was primarily supported by NSF grant OCI-0905040, DOD ONR grants N00014-10-1-0133 and N00014-10-1-0775, and NOAA grant NA08OAR4320904. The second author was also supported by NSF grants EEC-0313747, AGS-0608168, AGS-0738370, AGS-0750790, AGS-0802888, AGS-0941491 and AGS-1046171. Computations were performed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC), the National Institute of Computational Sciences (NICS) at the University of Tennessee and the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas at Austin. NR 83 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 139 IS 671 SI SI BP 467 EP 487 DI 10.1002/qj.1970 PN B PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112WA UT WOS:000316623700017 ER PT J AU Persson, A Smith, BC AF Persson, Agneta Smith, Barry C. TI Cell density-dependent swimming patterns of Alexandrium fundyense early stationary phase cells SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium fundyense; Swimming pattern; Stationary phase; Gamete; Cell density ID FLUID-DYNAMICS; LIFE-CYCLE; DINOFLAGELLATE; CULTURE; MICROORGANISMS; BIOCONVECTION; DINOPHYCEAE; ENCYSTMENT; MOTILITY; POPULATIONS AB Different life-history stages of Alexandrium fundyense have different swimming behaviors and show different responses to water movement. Early stationary phase cells assemble in bioconvection patterns along the water surface and as stripes in the water, while cells in exponential growth do not. We studied the swimming behavior of early stationary phase A. fundyense cells, both on the individual level and on the population level. Cells assembled in spots in shallow Petri dishes, and were studied using an inverted microscope. We analyzed 53 videos of cells at different distances from the center of accumulated spots of cells with the program CellTrak for swimming behavior of individual cells. The closer the cells were to the center of spots, the faster they swam (>600 mu m s(-1) in the center of spots compared to ca. 300 mu m s(-1) outside) and the more often they changed direction (>1400 degrees s(-1) in the center compared to <400 degrees s(-1) outside). On a population level, the behavior of spots of assembled cells was studied using time-lapse photo graphy. The spots entrained more and more cells as they grew and fused with each other; the closer the spots came to each other, the faster they moved until they fused. We suggest that chemical attraction between gametes causes the observed behavior. C1 [Persson, Agneta] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Smith, Barry C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Smith, BC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM barry.smith@noaa.gov OI Persson, Agneta/0000-0003-0202-6514 FU Magnus Bergvall's Foundation; Oscar and Lili Lamm's Foundation FX The Magnus Bergvall's Foundation and Oscar and Lili Lamm's Foundation provided financial support. We are grateful to Jennifer Alix for assistance with culturing, Dr. Gary H. Wikfors for manuscript advice, anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on an earlier version of the manuscript and Dr. John O. Kessler for valuable information on bioconvection. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 EI 1616-1564 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2013 VL 68 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.3354/ame01617 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 109IZ UT WOS:000316361700005 ER PT J AU Peng, Y Srinivas, G Wilmer, CE Eryazici, I Snurr, RQ Hupp, JT Yildirim, T Farha, OK AF Peng, Yang Srinivas, Gadipelli Wilmer, Christopher E. Eryazici, Ibrahim Snurr, Randall Q. Hupp, Joseph T. Yildirim, Taner Farha, Omar K. TI Simultaneously high gravimetric and volumetric methane uptake characteristics of the metal-organic framework NU-111 SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; POROUS MATERIALS; H-2 ADSORPTION; SURFACE-AREA; SITES; TEMPERATURE; CAPACITIES; CAPTURE; BINDING; DIFFRACTION AB We show that the MOF NU-111 exhibits equally high volumetric and gravimetric methane uptake values, both within approximate to 75% of the DOE targets at 300 K. Upon reducing the temperature to 270 K, the uptake increases to 0.5 g g(-1) and 284 cc(STP) per cc at 65 bar. Adsorption of CO2 and H-2 is also reported. Simulated isotherms are in excellent agreement with those obtained from experiments. C1 [Peng, Yang; Srinivas, Gadipelli; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peng, Yang; Srinivas, Gadipelli; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wilmer, Christopher E.; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Eryazici, Ibrahim; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Eryazici, Ibrahim; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu; o-farha@northwestern.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Hupp, Joseph/K-8844-2012; Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010 OI Hupp, Joseph/0000-0003-3982-9812; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905 FU U.S. Department of Energy through BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, DOE ARPA-E; Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project FX TY acknowledges the support from the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. The Northwestern group gratefully acknowledges the DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, DOE ARPA-E, and the Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project for support of work relevant to H2, CH4, and CO2, respectively. NR 38 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 81 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 29 BP 2992 EP 2994 DI 10.1039/c3cc40819a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 106CM UT WOS:000316119000008 PM 23459705 ER PT J AU Dang, Q AF Dang, Quynh TI Changes in Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 180-4, Secure Hash Standard SO CRYPTOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE FIPS 180; hash algorithm; hash function; SHA-512; SHA-512; 224; SHA-512; 256 AB This article describes the changes between Federal Information Processing Standards FIPS 180-3 and FIPS 180-4. FIPS 180-4 specifies two new secure cryptographic hash algorithms: secure hashing algorithms SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256; it also includes a method for determining initial value(s) for any future SHA-512-based hash algorithm(s). FIPS 180-4 also removes a requirement for the execution of the message length encoding operation. C1 NIST, Comp Secur Div 773, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dang, Q (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div 773, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8930, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM quynh.dang@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0161-1194 J9 CRYPTOLOGIA JI Cryptologia PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 DI 10.1080/01611194.2012.687431 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; History & Philosophy Of Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; History & Philosophy of Science; Mathematics GA 104IF UT WOS:000315984900004 ER PT J AU Gaitan, M Minhas, H AF Gaitan, Michael Minhas, Harp TI The Art in Science of microTAS SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Minhas, Harp] Royal Soc Chem, Cambridge, England. RP Gaitan, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 1450 EP 1452 DI 10.1039/c3lc90026f PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 108ES UT WOS:000316275200001 PM 23478673 ER PT J AU Yamaguchi, H Gin, P Arita, H Kobayashi, M Bennett, S Satija, SK Asada, M Koga, T Takahara, A AF Yamaguchi, Hiroki Gin, Peter Arita, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Motoyasu Bennett, Steve Satija, Sushil K. Asada, Mitsunori Koga, Tadanori Takahara, Atsushi TI Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on molecular aggregation states of side chains of semicrystalline poly{2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate} brush thin films SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; ELEVATED PRESSURES; SORPTION; FLUIDS; POLYMERS; FLUOROALCOHOL; SOLVENTS; BEHAVIOR AB We report a carbon dioxide-based approach to induce highly ordered molecular aggregation states of perfluoroalkyl (R-f) chains of densely-grafted poly{2-(perfluorooctyl)ethyl acrylate} (poly(FA-C-8)) brush in place of conventional thermal annealing. Poly(FA-C-8) brush films of 40 nm thickness were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. In-situ neutron reflectivity measurements for the poly(FA-C-8) brush films under the isothermal condition of T = 309 K, which is below the bulk melting temperature (T-m = 348 K), elucidated large expansion of polymer chains due to sorption of CO2 molecules. Comparison of the swelling behavior with an amorphous poly{2-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl acrylate} brush thin film clarified that the sorption of CO2 molecules results in the melting of the semicrystalline poly(FA-C-8) brush at P > 4.1 MPa. In addition, by using out-of-plane grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction, it was found that subsequent slow quench from P > 4.1 MPa induces rearrangement of the rigid rod-like R-f groups, forming highly ordered molecular aggregation structures similar to those via a conventional thermal process. The appropriate CO2 process conditions for the effective induction of the highly ordered structures of the rigid R-f groups are discussed in detail. C1 [Yamaguchi, Hiroki; Arita, Hiroshi; Takahara, Atsushi] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Gin, Peter; Asada, Mitsunori; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. [Kobayashi, Motoyasu] Kyushu Univ, Inst Mat Chem & Engn, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Kobayashi, Motoyasu] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, ERATO Takahara Soft Interfaces Project, Nishi Ku, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. [Bennett, Steve] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Asada, Mitsunori; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11974 USA. [Takahara, Atsushi] Kyushu Univ, Int Inst Carbon Neutral Energy Res WPI I2CNER, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. RP Yamaguchi, H (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Nishi Ku, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 8190395, Japan. EM tadanori.koga@stonybrook.edu; takahara@cstf.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sports and Technology of Japan [19750098]; NSF Grant [CMMI-0846267] FX The present work is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for the Global COE Program, "Science for Future Molecular Systems", and partially supported by a Grant-in Aid for Young Scientist (B) (19750098) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, Sports and Technology of Japan. H. Y. acknowledges the financial support of a Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows. T. K. acknowledges the financial support from NSF Grant No. CMMI-0846267. We gratefully acknowledge Dr M. Morita (Daikin Industries Co., Ltd.) for the donation of FA-C8 monomer. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 14 BP 4778 EP 4785 DI 10.1039/c3ra22692a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 103HC UT WOS:000315905400044 ER PT J AU Prive, NC Xie, YF Woollen, JS Koch, SE Atlas, R Hood, RE AF Prive, Nikki C. Xie, Yuanfu Woollen, John S. Koch, Steven E. Atlas, Robert Hood, Robbie E. TI Evaluation of the Earth Systems Research Laboratory's global Observing System Simulation Experiment system SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE observing system simulation experiment; data assimilation; numerical weather prediction ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; IMPACT AB An Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) system has been implemented at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Earth Systems Research Laboratory in the US as part of an international Joint OSSE effort. The setup of the OSSE consists of a Nature Run from a 13-month free run of the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts operational model, synthetic observations developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Modelling and Assimilation Office, and an operational version of the NCEP Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation data assimilation and Global Forecast System numerical weather prediction model. Synthetic observations included both conventional observations and the following radiance observations: AIRS, AMSU-A, AMSU-B, HIRS2, HIRS3, MSU, GOES radiance and OSBUV. Calibration was performed by modifying the error added to the conventional synthetic observations to achieve a match between data denial impacts on the analysis state in the OSSE system and in the real data system. Following calibration, the performance of the OSSE system was evaluated in terms of forecast skill scores and impact of observations on forecast fields. C1 [Prive, Nikki C.; Xie, Yuanfu; Hood, Robbie E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Prive, Nikki C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Woollen, John S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Koch, Steven E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Prive, NC (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM Nikki.Prive@nasa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015; OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Prive, Nikki/0000-0001-8309-8741 FU NOAA Unmanned Aircraft Systems Programme; NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) FX NCEP/EMC has greatly helped by allowing use of their computing resources and assisting with the setup of their operational system for use in this study. The ECMWF Nature Run was provided by Erik Andersson through arrangements made by Michiko Masutani. We greatly appreciate the support from the NOAA Unmanned Aircraft Systems Programme during the lengthy and complex calibration process. The NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality (OWAQ) has generously provided financial support to ESRL/GSD and AOML for OSSE development. We also thank NOAA/NCEP, NESDIS and NASA/GMAO for providing two synthetic observation datasets for the OSSE system. We wish to thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments led to significant improvements in this manuscript. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2013 VL 65 AR 19011 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.19011 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 108RA UT WOS:000316312500001 ER PT J AU Fang, Y Naik, V Horowitz, LW Mauzerall, DL AF Fang, Y. Naik, V. Horowitz, L. W. Mauzerall, D. L. TI Air pollution and associated human mortality: the role of air pollutant emissions, climate change and methane concentration increases from the preindustrial period to present SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; HIGH-ALPINE GLACIER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; HEALTH; AEROSOLS; EXPOSURE; SULFATE; IMPACT; RECORD AB Increases in surface ozone (O-3) and fine particulate matter (<= 2.5 mu m aerodynamic diameter, PM2.5) are associated with excess premature human mortalities. We estimate changes in surface O-3 and PM2.5 from pre-industrial (1860) to present (2000) and the global present-day (2000) premature human mortalities associated with these changes. We extend previous work to differentiate the contribution of changes in three factors: emissions of short-lived air pollutants, climate change, and increased methane (CH4) concentrations, to air pollution levels and associated premature mortalities. We use a coupled chemistry-climate model in conjunction with global population distributions in 2000 to estimate exposure attributable to concentration changes since 1860 from each factor. Attributable mortalities are estimated using health impact functions of long-term relative risk estimates for O-3 and PM2.5 from the epidemiology literature. We find global mean surface PM2.5 and health-relevant O-3 (defined as the maximum 6-month mean of 1-h daily maximum O-3 in a year) have increased by 8+/-0.16 mu gm(-3) and 30+/-0.16 ppbv (results reported as annual average +/-standard deviation of 10-yr model simulations), respectively, over this industrial period as a result of combined changes in emissions of air pollutants (EMIS), climate (CLIM) and CH4 concentrations (TCH4). EMIS, CLIM and TCH4 cause global population-weighted average PM2.5 (O-3) to change by +7.5+/-0.19 mu gm(-3) (+25+/-0.30 ppbv), +0.4+/-0.17 mu gm(-3) (+0.5+/-0.28 ppbv), and 0.04+/-0.24 mu gm(-3) (+4.3+/-0.33 ppbv), respectively. Total global changes in PM2.5 are associated with 1.5 (95% confidence interval, CI, 1.2-1.8) million cardiopulmonary mortalities and 95 (95% CI, 44-144) thousand lung cancer mortalities annually and changes in O-3 are associated with 375 (95% CI, 129-592) thousand respiratory mortalities annually. Most air pollution mortality is driven by changes in emissions of short-lived air pollutants and their precursors (95% and 85% of mortalities from PM2.5 and O-3 respectively). However, changing climate and increasing CH4 concentrations also contribute to premature mortality associated with air pollution globally (by up to 5% and 15 %, respectively). In some regions, the contribution of climate change and increased CH4 together are responsible for more than 20% of the respiratory mortality associated with O-3 exposure. We find the interaction between climate change and atmospheric chemistry has influenced atmospheric composition and human mortality associated with industrial air pollution. Our study highlights the benefits to air quality and human health of CH4 mitigation as a component of future air pollution control policy. C1 [Fang, Y.; Mauzerall, D. L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Naik, V.] UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Mauzerall, D. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Mauzerall, DL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Program Sci Technol & Environm Policy, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM yyfang@stanford.edu; mauzeral@princeton.edu RI Fang, Yuanyuan/F-1308-2011; Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013 OI Fang, Yuanyuan/0000-0001-7067-7103; Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700 NR 68 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 70 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1377 EP 1394 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1377-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LR UT WOS:000315406100018 ER PT J AU Noone, D Risi, C Bailey, A Berkelhammer, M Brown, DP Buenning, N Gregory, S Nusbaumer, J Schneider, D Sykes, J Vanderwende, B Wong, J Meillier, Y Wolfe, D AF Noone, D. Risi, C. Bailey, A. Berkelhammer, M. Brown, D. P. Buenning, N. Gregory, S. Nusbaumer, J. Schneider, D. Sykes, J. Vanderwende, B. Wong, J. Meillier, Y. Wolfe, D. TI Determining water sources in the boundary layer from tall tower profiles of water vapor and surface water isotope ratios after a snowstorm in Colorado SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AMAZON BASIN; NEW-ENGLAND; FRACTIONATION; PRECIPITATION; TURBULENCE AB The D/H isotope ratio is used to attribute boundary layer humidity changes to the set of contributing fluxes for a case following a snowstorm in which a snow pack of about 10 cm vanished. Profiles of H2O and CO2 mixing ratio, D/H isotope ratio, and several thermodynamic properties were measured from the surface to 300m every 15 min during four winter days near Boulder, Colorado. Coeval analysis of the D/H ratios and CO2 concentrations find these two variables to be complementary with the former being sensitive to daytime surface fluxes and the latter particularly indicative of nocturnal surface sources. Together they capture evidence for strong vertical mixing during the day, weaker mixing by turbulent bursts and low level jets within the nocturnal stable boundary layer during the night, and frost formation in the morning. The profiles are generally not well described with a gradient mixing line analysis because D/H ratios of the end members (i.e., surface fluxes and the free troposphere) evolve throughout the day which leads to large uncertainties in the estimate of the D/H ratio of surface water flux. A mass balance model is constructed for the snow pack, and constrained with observations to provide an optimal estimate of the partitioning of the surface water flux into contributions from sublimation, evaporation of melt water in the snow and evaporation from ponds. Results show that while vapor measurements are important in constraining surface fluxes, measurements of the source reservoirs (soil water, snow pack and standing liquid) offer stronger constraint on the surface water balance. Measurements of surface water are therefore essential in developing observational programs that seek to use isotopic data for flux attribution. C1 [Noone, D.; Risi, C.; Bailey, A.; Berkelhammer, M.; Brown, D. P.; Buenning, N.; Gregory, S.; Nusbaumer, J.; Schneider, D.; Sykes, J.; Vanderwende, B.; Wong, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Noone, D.; Risi, C.; Bailey, A.; Berkelhammer, M.; Brown, D. P.; Buenning, N.; Gregory, S.; Nusbaumer, J.; Schneider, D.; Sykes, J.; Wong, J.; Meillier, Y.; Wolfe, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wolfe, D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Noone, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dcn@colorado.edu RI Schneider, David/E-2726-2010; Bailey, Adriana/J-2066-2015 OI Bailey, Adriana/0000-0002-2614-1560 FU National Science Foundation Early Career and Climate and Large-scale Dynamics program [AGS-0955841]; NASA Atmospheric Composition Program [NNX08AR23G]; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; University of Colorado Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program FX We thank Bruce Vaughn, Valerie Morris and Jim White of the University of Colorado Stable Isotope Laboratory for providing calibration standards and invaluable advice on sample preparation and laboratory isotopic analysis. We thank Chris Still of University of California at Santa Barbara and Brent Helliker of Penn State for advice on design of the vacuum cryogenic extraction line. We are indebted to Emily Graham and Peter Blanken of the Department of Geography at University of Colorado for making time for our campaign during their experiment at the BAO. Support for this project was from National Science Foundation Early Career and Climate and Large-scale Dynamics program (AGS-0955841), NASA Atmospheric Composition Program (NNX08AR23G), a grant from the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of Colorado Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program. NR 73 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3 BP 1607 EP 1623 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1607-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LR UT WOS:000315406100033 ER PT J AU Vaish, A Silin, V Walker, ML Steffens, KL Krueger, S Yeliseev, AA Gawrisch, K Vanderah, DJ AF Vaish, Amit Silin, Vitalii Walker, Marlon L. Steffens, Kristen L. Krueger, Susan Yeliseev, Alexei A. Gawrisch, Klaus Vanderah, David J. TI A generalized strategy for immobilizing uniformly oriented membrane proteins at solid interfaces SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; CANNABINOID RECEPTOR; COUPLED RECEPTORS; GOLD; RECONSTITUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DENSITY; SOLVENT AB We have developed a method based on self-assembly of thiols on Au substrates to immobilize membrane proteins at interfaces. Using water soluble nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)-terminated oligo(ethylene glycol) thiols, a histidine-tagged G protein-coupled membrane receptor (GPCR) was captured in a defined orientation with little nonspecific binding. C1 [Vaish, Amit; Silin, Vitalii; Krueger, Susan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vaish, Amit; Silin, Vitalii] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Walker, Marlon L.; Steffens, Kristen L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yeliseev, Alexei A.; Gawrisch, Klaus] NIAAA, Lab Membrane Biochem & Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Vanderah, David J.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Vaish, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amit.vaish@nist.gov; vanderah@ibbr.umd.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA); Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health FX A.V. and V. S. acknowledge the National Institute of Standards and Technology-American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (NIST-ARRA) fellowship for supporting this work. K. G. and A.Y. acknowledge support from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health. The authors acknowledge Dr Lee Richter and Hirsh Nanda of National Institute of Standards and Technology for useful discussions. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 35 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 26 BP 2685 EP 2687 DI 10.1039/c3cc00077j PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 099UP UT WOS:000315648400028 PM 23435270 ER PT J AU Whelton, AJ Nguyen, T AF Whelton, Andrew J. Tinh Nguyen TI Contaminant Migration From Polymeric Pipes Used in Buried Potable Water Distribution Systems: A Review SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE contaminants; leaching; migration; pipe; polymer; plastics; water ID POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE PIPE; REINFORCED PLASTIC PIPES; UNPLASTICIZED PVC PIPES; OFF-FLAVOR COMPOUNDS; DRINKING-WATER; VINYL-CHLORIDE; ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS; POLYETHYLENE PIPES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; DENSITY POLYETHYLENE AB Polymeric pipes are increasingly being installed in water distribution systems because of their many advantages. Contaminant migration from polymer pipes into drinking water is a growing concern in the United States and environmental engineers are evaluating the role of these materials on water quality, system operation, and regulatory compliance. To aid these efforts and serve as a source of background information, the authors critically review available literature on polymeric potable water pipes in use, known contaminants released from in-service and new piping, and their perceived sources, and outline future challenges in the United States and abroad. C1 [Whelton, Andrew J.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Tinh Nguyen] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Whelton, AJ (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dept Civil Engn, 6021 USA Dr South, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM ajwhelton@usouthal.edu OI Whelton, Andrew/0000-0001-5934-3081 NR 125 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 49 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 43 IS 7 BP 679 EP 751 DI 10.1080/10643389.2011.627005 PG 73 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100HL UT WOS:000315688900001 ER PT J AU Anderson, JH Pess, GR Kiffney, PM Bennett, TR Faulds, PL Atlas, WI Quinn, TP AF Anderson, Joseph H. Pess, George R. Kiffney, Peter M. Bennett, Todd R. Faulds, Paul L. Atlas, William I. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Dispersal and tributary immigration by juvenile coho salmon contribute to spatial expansion during colonisation SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Article DE movement; condition dependence; reintroduction; parentage; pedigree; dams ID NEWLY ACCESSIBLE HABITAT; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; CARNATION CREEK; STEELHEAD TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; BODY-SIZE AB Anadromous fishes are frequently restricted by artificial barriers to movement such as dams and culverts, so measuring dispersal helps identify sites where improved connectivity could promote range expansion and population viability. We used a combination of DNA-based parentage analysis and markrecapture techniques to evaluate dispersal by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a population in the initial stages of colonisation following installation of fish passage structures at a previously impassable dam on the Cedar River, WA, USA. The spatial distribution of individuals within maternal families revealed that dispersal was common. Among the offspring of radio-tagged mothers, 28% were collected outside the spawning reach and dispersed up to 6.3 km (median = 1.5 km). Most juveniles captured in a tributary (Rock Creek, where few adults spawned) had immigrated from the Cedar River and represented many different families. Juvenile dispersal therefore provided a secondary phase of spatial expansion following initial colonisation by adults. Consistent with the condition-dependent dispersal hypothesis, juveniles that dispersed farther upstream in the tributary were larger than fish collected near the tributary mouth. Overall, the results demonstrated widespread dispersal in a system with low coho salmon densities, and this might increase the rate of population growth if it reduces the effects of local density dependence. By implication, juveniles can take advantage of rearing habitats reconnected through barrier removal, even when such areas are located several kilometres from adult breeding grounds. C1 [Anderson, Joseph H.; Pess, George R.; Kiffney, Peter M.; Bennett, Todd R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anderson, Joseph H.; Atlas, William I.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kiffney, Peter M.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Fac Forestry & Wildlife Management, Koppang, Norway. [Faulds, Paul L.] Seattle Publ Util, Seattle, WA USA. RP Anderson, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM joe.anderson@noaa.gov FU Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington [NA04OAR4170032, NA07OAR4170007, R/F-148, R/F-159]; Seattle Public Utilities; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington; National Marine Fisheries Service; H. Mason Keeler Endowment FX We thank J. McDowell, A. Kingham, D. Galloway, J. Cram, K. Kloehn, R. Holland, R. Klett, T. Buehrens and M. Liermann for their help collecting samples and D. Chapin, D. Paige, H. Barnett, K. Burton and R. Little for significant logistical support. This work was supported in part by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA04OAR4170032 and NA07OAR4170007, Project No. R/F-148 and R/F-159. Additional funding was provided by Seattle Public Utilities, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington, the National Marine Fisheries Service and the H. Mason Keeler Endowment. We are grateful to K. Naish, J. Olden, J. Marzluff, P. Roni and two anonymous reviewers for providing thoughtful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0906-6691 EI 1600-0633 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD JAN PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 30 EP 42 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2012.00589.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 053WB UT WOS:000312304800004 ER PT J AU Law, CS Breviere, E de Leeuw, G Garcon, V Guieu, C Kieber, DJ Kontradowitz, S Paulmier, A Quinn, PK Saltzman, ES Stefels, J von Glasow, R AF Law, Cliff S. Breviere, Emilie de Leeuw, Gerrit Garcon, Veronique Guieu, Cecile Kieber, David J. Kontradowitz, Stefan Paulmier, Aurelien Quinn, Patricia K. Saltzman, Eric S. Stefels, Jacqueline von Glasow, Roland TI Evolving research directions in Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere (SOLAS) science SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONES; SEA-SALT; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; SHIPPING EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-CARBON; NITROUS-OXIDE; DESERT DUST; PART 1 AB This review focuses on critical issues in ocean-atmosphere exchange that will be addressed by new research strategies developed by the international Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) research community. Eastern boundary upwelling systems are important sites for CO2 and trace gas emission to the atmosphere, and the proposed research will examine how heterotrophic processes in the underlying oxygen-deficient waters interact with the climate system. The second regional research focus will examine the role of sea-ice biogeochemistry and its interaction with atmospheric chemistry. Marine aerosols are the focus of a research theme directed at understanding the processes that determine their abundance, chemistry and radiative properties. A further area of aerosol-related research examines atmospheric nutrient deposition in the surface ocean, and how differences in origin, atmospheric processing and composition influence surface ocean biogeochemistry. Ship emissions are an increasing source of aerosols, nutrients and toxins to the atmosphere and ocean surface, and an emerging area of research will examine their effect on ocean biogeochemistry and atmospheric chemistry. The primary role of SOLAS is to coordinate coupled multi-disciplinary research within research strategies that address these issues, to achieve robust representation of critical ocean-atmosphere exchange processes in Earth System models. C1 [Law, Cliff S.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Evans Bay Parade 6002, Kilbirnie Welli, New Zealand. [Breviere, Emilie; Kontradowitz, Stefan] GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Climate Change Unit, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, Gerrit] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Garcon, Veronique; Paulmier, Aurelien] CNRS IRD CNES UPS, LEGOS, F-31401 Toulouse 9, France. [Guieu, Cecile] CNRS UPMC, LOV, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Kieber, David J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Paulmier, Aurelien] Inst Mar Peru IMARPE, Callao, Peru. [Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Saltzman, Eric S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Stefels, Jacqueline] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. [von Glasow, Roland] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Law, CS (reprint author), Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Evans Bay Parade 6002, Kilbirnie Welli, New Zealand. EM cliff.law@niwa.co.nz RI von Glasow, Roland/E-2125-2011; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI von Glasow, Roland/0000-0002-3944-2784; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP); Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR); World Climate Research Program (WCRP); international Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (iCACGP); US National Science Foundation (NSF) FX The authors thank Erika McKay and support from the NIWA Atmospheres Centre for production of the concept diagrams and Kath Mortimer and Jasmin Mogeltonder of the SOLAS International Project Office for assistance. They also thank Doug Wallace for initiating the SOLAS Mid-Term Strategies, and members of the SOLAS Scientific Steering Committee and SOLAS scientists who have contributed to their development. The authors acknowledge the support provided to the SOLAS project by the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP), the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), the World Climate Research Program (WCRP), the international Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Pollution (iCACGP) and the US National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 123 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 60 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2013 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1071/EN12159 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 103MO UT WOS:000315921300001 ER PT J AU Srinivas, G Travis, W Ford, J Wu, H Guo, ZX Yildirim, T AF Srinivas, Gadipelli Travis, Will Ford, Jamie Wu, Hui Guo, Zheng-Xiao Yildirim, Taner TI Nanoconfined ammonia borane in a flexible metal-organic framework Fe-MIL-53: clean hydrogen release with fast kinetics SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CATALYTIC DEHYDROGENATION; GRAPHENE OXIDE; STORAGE; GENERATION; FUEL AB We demonstrated the dehydrogenation behaviour of nanoconfined ammonia borane (AB) in Fe-MIL-53, a flexible metal-organic framework (MOF) by solid state thermolysis. We observed clean hydrogen release with fast kinetics at reduced temperatures. C1 [Srinivas, Gadipelli; Ford, Jamie; Wu, Hui; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivas, Gadipelli; Ford, Jamie; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Travis, Will; Guo, Zheng-Xiao] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Srinivas, G (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gsrinivasphys@gmail.com; taner@seas.upenn.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010; Guo, Zheng Xiao/C-1706-2009; OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905; Guo, Zheng Xiao/0000-0001-5404-3215; Travis, Will/0000-0001-5117-7410; Travis, will/0000-0002-5977-1403 FU DOE BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by DOE BES Grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 13 U2 114 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 13 BP 4167 EP 4172 DI 10.1039/c3ta00037k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 100RS UT WOS:000315720000004 ER PT J AU Dao, VD Tran, CQ Ko, SH Choi, HS AF Dao, Van-Duong Chinh Quoc Tran Ko, Seung-Hyeon Choi, Ho-Suk TI Dry plasma reduction to synthesize supported platinum nanoparticles for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID COUNTER-ELECTRODE; LOW-COST; SUBSTRATE; FILMS AB A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) can be a promising device as a ubiquitous power source, if it is flexible. Since the annealing step of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) is a major obstacle to using a thermoplastic film as a transparent photoanode (PA), a transparent counter electrode (CE) using a thermoplastic film as a photo illumination window can be a reasonable alternative for developing a flexible DSC together with a non-transparent PA using a flexible metal foil coated with TiO2 NPs. To achieve this purpose together with improving photo conversion efficiency, it is necessary to deposit highly active supported platinum (Pt) NPs with homogeneous size dispersity on the surface of a transparent conducting oxide (TCO). Various methods developed so far, however, have critical process restrictions such as high temperature, low pressure, liquid environment, and chemical toxicity, which render them difficult to develop into an economic continuous process. Here we report an excellent method of directly depositing Pt-NPs on the surface of a TCO using dry plasma reduction (DPR) under atmospheric pressure without using any toxic chemicals while keeping the temperature below 70 degrees C. After determining an optimum concentration of Pt precursor solution to maximize the photovoltaic performance of DSCs, we successfully demonstrate a new flexible DSC which is composed of a non-transparent PA using thin Ti foil coated with TiO2 NPs and a transparent CE, as a photo illumination window, using Pt-NPs supported on a PET/ITO film. C1 [Dao, Van-Duong; Chinh Quoc Tran; Choi, Ho-Suk] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Ko, Seung-Hyeon] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ko, Seung-Hyeon] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Dao, VD (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 220 Gung Dong, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM hchoi@cnu.ac.kr OI Choi, Ho-Suk/0000-0001-8156-2934 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2010-0006120] FX This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2010-0006120). NR 39 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 14 BP 4436 EP 4443 DI 10.1039/c3ta10319f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 104DA UT WOS:000315968900006 ER PT J AU Miller, TW Bosley, KL Shibata, J Brodeur, RD Omori, K Emmett, R AF Miller, Todd W. Bosley, Keith L. Shibata, Junya Brodeur, Richard D. Omori, Koji Emmett, Robert TI Contribution of prey to Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas in the northern California Current, revealed by stable isotope analyses SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Humboldt squid; Dosidicus gigas; California Current; Stable isotopes; Bayesian mixing model; Trophic analysis; Prey ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; HAKE MERLUCCIUS-GAYI; JUMBO SQUID; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS; STOMACH CONTENTS; RANGE EXPANSION; CURRENT SYSTEM; OMMASTREPHIDAE; CEPHALOPODA AB Diet studies have shown Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas to be aggressive opportunistic predators, yet this approach has provided only a limited and potentially biased view of their trophic feeding behavior. As an alternative, we measured the delta C-13 and delta N-15 of D. gigas and their prey from the northern California Current ecosystem (NCC) and applied stable isotope Bayesian mixing models (Stable Isotope Analysis in R [SIAR]) to assess if D. gigas isotopically matched NCC or southern California Current (SCC) migratory end-members and to examine the proportional trophic contributions of prey groups from the NCC to their diet. For the trophic SIAR model, cluster analysis of prey taxa by their respective delta C-13 and delta N-15 values was first applied to consolidate prey into groups, which were then incorporated into the model as source groups to the diet mixture. Model results from examination of NCC and SCC migratory end-members indicated greatest contributions from the NCC system, indicating D. gigas was more integrated with the regional NCC isotopic signature. From the trophic SIAR model, the results indicated mixed but lower trophic-level feeding by D. gigas relative to previous diet-based studies, with greatest contributions from macrozooplankton, ichthyoplankton, and nekton such as juvenile rockfish, market squid, sand lance, and juvenile Pacific hake. Sensitivity analyses of the SIAR model based on varying isotopic fractionation factors of delta C-13 and delta N-15 showed that proportional contributions of prey to squid diets were resilient to change. C1 [Miller, Todd W.; Shibata, Junya; Omori, Koji] Ehime Univ, Global Ctr Excellence, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Bosley, Keith L.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Emmett, Robert] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Miller, TW (reprint author), Ehime Univ, Global Ctr Excellence, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, 2-5 Bunkyo Cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM toddomiller@gmail.com NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 52 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 477 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.3354/meps10133 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 103XR UT WOS:000315953300011 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Zink, IC Haus, BK Wylie, J Browder, JA AF Criales, Maria M. Zink, Ian C. Haus, Brian K. Wylie, Jennie Browder, Joan A. TI Effect of turbulence on the behavior of pink shrimp postlarvae and implications for selective tidal stream transport behavior SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Turbulence; Turbulent kinetic energiy; TKE; Selective tidal transport; Pink shrimp; Postlarval behavior; Environmental cue; Farfantepenaeus duorarum ID CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; SMALL-SCALE TURBULENCE; CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; WESTERN FLORIDA BAY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; PENAEUS-DUORARUM; FARFANTEPENAEUS-DUORARUM; BLUE-CRAB; COASTAL LAGOON; SALINITY AB Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether turbulence could be an environmental cue associated with the behavior of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum postlarvae during their flood-tide migration to the nursery grounds. Postlarvae were exposed to variations of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) generated by the flow speed of a water pump and variations of combined flow speed and vertical motions of an actuator-driven cylinder array. The position and swimming activity of the postlarvae were recorded using a video camera. Images of postlarvae were analyzed at 3 depths of the water column (upper half, bottom half, and floor of the experimental chamber). During trials varying flow speed alone, both TKE levels (<0.009 cm(2) s(-2)) and the number of postlarvae in the upper half of the water column were low, suggesting that the TKE levels were below their stimulation threshold. In contrast, swimming activity increased substantially during trials incorporating additional TKE generated by the actuator. TKE levels varied between 1.1 and 3.5 cm(2) s(-2), and postlarvae vertical position reflected increases and decreases in TKE. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) higher percentage of postlarvae in the upper half of the water column coincided with high TKE values. Increases in postlarval response relative to increases in TKE diminished after reaching TKE values of 2.5 cm(2) s(-2), suggesting a dose-limited behavioral response. This trend was supported by a significant horizontally asymptotic regression of change in postlarval response against percent change in TKE relative to the previous time step. The results suggest turbulence involvement during flood-tidal migration behavior of this species. During most of the flood tide, TKE levels would be sufficiently high to stimulate postlarvae to swim in the water column and remain there while moving in the direction of settlement habitats. At the end of the flood tide, as the TKE decreases, postlarvae would descend to near the bottom. C1 [Criales, Maria M.; Zink, Ian C.; Haus, Brian K.; Wylie, Jennie] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Browder, Joan A.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) [NA08OAR4320892] FX We thank T. L. Jackson, M. Rebozo, R. Ramos, J. Hans, H. Cardenas, and E. Buck for technical assistance, K. Woodard and A. Griefen for preliminary data analysis, and M. Ogburn and M. Robblee for valuable comments and advice. This study was funded by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center and conducted through the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Project # NA08OAR4320892. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 477 BP 161 EP 176 DI 10.3354/meps10141 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 103XR UT WOS:000315953300014 ER PT J AU Wraith, J Lynch, T Minchinton, TE Broad, A Davis, AR AF Wraith, James Lynch, Tim Minchinton, Todd E. Broad, Allison Davis, Andrew R. TI Bait type affects fish assemblages and feeding guilds observed at baited remote underwater video stations SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Subtidal fish assemblages; BRUVS; Temperate rocky reefs; Feeding guilds; Jervis Bay Marine Park ID REEF MARINE PARK; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; RELATIVE DENSITY; VISUAL CENSUS; NEW-ZEALAND; AUSTRALIA; RESERVES; SNAPPER; PROTECTION; AREAS AB Baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) are increasingly being used to examine assemblages of fishes, yet critical methodological questions related to sampling limitations and bias, such as the influence of bait type, remain poorly understood. At multiple locations, we examined the hypothesis that diversity and abundance in temperate reef fish assemblages were independent of bait type. We used 3 bait types (abalone viscera, pilchards and crushed urchin) and quantified commonly used metrics for the fish assemblage, including species richness, time of first arrival and relative abundance on 3 shallow rocky reefs in southeastern Australia over 2 yr. We distinguished the following 6 feeding guilds: herbivore, zooplanktivore, alga/invertebrate consumers, invertebrate carnivore, macroinvertebrate carnivore and generalist carnivore. The response of fishes was dependent on bait type, with urchin bait performing particularly poorly. Although we did not detect statistical differences between the performance of pilchards and abalone viscera as bait, pilchards produced more consistent outcomes. Importantly, we also observed strong spatial effects. In general, bait type had a marked effect on species richness, but little influence on relative abundance. Overall we conclude that oily bait such as pilchards, which have been widely used in most studies, yield the most consistent outcomes. Consequently, bait type and spatial variation in fish assemblages needs to be considered in sampling designs to assess the limitations of BRUVS. C1 [Wraith, James; Minchinton, Todd E.; Broad, Allison; Davis, Andrew R.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Lynch, Tim] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res Hobart, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Wraith, James] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Davis, AR (reprint author), Univ Wollongong, Sch Biol Sci, Inst Conservat Biol & Environm Management, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. EM adavis@uow.edu.au RI Lynch, Tim/A-1463-2012; Davis, Andrew/H-3607-2011 FU Jervis Bay Marine Park; Institute for Conservation Biology and Environmental Management FX We acknowledge support from the Jervis Bay Marine Park and the Institute for Conservation Biology and Environmental Management. We particularly thank Geoff Hurt for assistance with the design and construction of the BRUV units. Russ Babcock provided advice, and Ian Osterloh ably assisted in the field. Comments by Nathan Knott improved an earlier draft of the manuscript. This represents Contribution No. 301 from the Ecology and Genetics Group at the University of Wollongong. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 477 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.3354/meps10137 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 103XR UT WOS:000315953300016 ER PT J AU Murray, KT Orphanides, CD AF Murray, Kimberly T. Orphanides, Christopher D. TI Estimating the risk of loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta bycatch in the US mid-Atlantic using fishery-independent and -dependent data SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Loggerhead turtle; Bycatch; Fishery-independent data; Fishery-dependent data; Generalized additive model; Northwest Atlantic ID SEA-TURTLES; SPATIAL MANAGEMENT; FORECAST SYSTEM; TRAWL FISHERY; CAPE-HATTERAS; FISHING GEAR; EAST-COAST; HABITAT; OCEAN; WATERS AB The incidental capture, or bycatch, of loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta in commercial fishing gear is considered a significant threat to their recovery. Bycatch analyses that use fishery-dependent data only reflect the spatial and temporal co-occurrence of turtles and fishing effort and therefore do not directly reveal conditions associated with turtle distributions. Fishery-independent and -dependent data can be used together to identify environmental conditions associated with turtle presence and the subsequent risk of a bycatch encounter if fishing effort is present. We developed generalized additive models (GAMs) to describe fishery-independent encounter rates of loggerheads observed in aerial and resource surveys in the US mid-Atlantic region as a function of environmental variables. We then fit a fishery-independent GAM to fishery-dependent data collected from commercial gillnet, bottom trawl, and scallop dredge fisheries in the mid-Atlantic region, and tested the model on new fishery-dependent data to assess how well the model predicted bycatch events. The preferred model describes fishery-independent encounter rates as a function of latitude, sea-surface temperature, depth, and salinity. When this model was fit to fishery-dependent data and tested on new data, it predicted 85% of the observed bycatch events when grouped by latitude and season, although it underestimated bycatch events in southern latitudes in winter. We identify times and areas of elevated bycatch risk on which to focus future conservation efforts and observer coverage. C1 [Murray, Kimberly T.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Orphanides, Christopher D.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Murray, KT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kimberly.murray@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 44 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 477 BP 259 EP 270 DI 10.3354/meps10173 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 103XR UT WOS:000315953300021 ER PT J AU Suttipong, M Tummala, NR Striolo, A Batista, CS Fagan, J AF Suttipong, Manaswee Tummala, Naga Rajesh Striolo, Alberto Batista, Carlos Silvera Fagan, Jeffrey TI Salt-specific effects in aqueous dispersions of carbon nanotubes SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SDS SURFACTANTS; SINGLE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; ASSEMBLIES; SIMULATION; QUALITY; WATER AB Tremendous progress has been made to stabilize carbon nanotube dispersions using surfactants, although many questions await answer to design surfactant formulations that selectively stabilize nanotubes mono-dispersed in diameter and chirality. Stimulated by recent experimental observations [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2010, 132, 16165-16175], we attempt here to quantify how changing the counter-ion (Cs+ instead of Na+) affects the morphology of dodecyl sulfate surfactants adsorbed on carbon nanotubes. Using atomistic molecular dynamics we simulated aqueous cesium dodecyl sulfate (CsDS) adsorbed on (6,6), (12,12), and (20,20) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) at ambient conditions. When compared to results for sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), our results suggest that surface aggregates with Cs+ ions, compared to Na+, yield a more compact coverage of the nanotubes at the surfactant surface coverage of 0.25 nm(2) per headgroup, with the surfactant heads extended towards the bulk aqueous solution, and prevent water from accessing the nanotube surface. These morphological results suggest that CsDS should be more effective than SDS at stabilizing aqueous carbon nanotubes dispersions. More importantly, these results were obtained only for the (6,6) nanotubes simulated. For the wider nanotubes our simulations show limited, if any, differences in the morphology of the surfactant aggregates when the Na+ ions are substituted with Cs+ ones. To validate our results we measured experimental UV-Vis-NIR absorbance spectra for aqueous carbon nanotubes with diameters similar to that of (6,6) and of (12,12) nanotubes stabilized by SDS at increasing salt concentration (CsCl vs. NaCl). The results are indicative of changes in the surfactant self-assembled structure on the narrow nanotubes in the presence of Cs+ ions, while data for the wider tubes only suggest salt-screening effects for both Na+ and Cs+ ions. The different salt-specific behavior observed for the surfactants adsorbed on narrow vs. wide carbon nanotubes could be exploited for the selective stabilization of mono-dispersed carbon nanotube samples, although a surfactant more effective than SDS should be used. C1 [Suttipong, Manaswee; Striolo, Alberto] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Chem Biol & Mat Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Tummala, Naga Rajesh] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Batista, Carlos Silvera; Fagan, Jeffrey] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Striolo, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Chem Biol & Mat Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM astriolo@ou.edu RI TUMMALA, NAGA RAJESH/B-5861-2013; OI TUMMALA, NAGA RAJESH/0000-0001-9957-6330; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CBET-0853759, CMMI-1068705]; Church Dwight; Clorox; ConocoPhillips; Ecolab; GlaxoSmithKline; Halliburton Services; Huntsman; InVia-WestVaco; Novus; Sasol; S.C. Johnson; Shell Chemical; Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was supported, in part, by the U.S. National Science Foundation, under Awards Number CBET-0853759 and CMMI-1068705. Work at the University of Oklahoma was also supported, in part, by the industrial sponsors of the Institute for Applied Surfactant Research (CESI Chemical, Church & Dwight, Clorox, ConocoPhillips, Ecolab, GlaxoSmithKline, Halliburton Services, Huntsman, InVia-WestVaco, Novus, Sasol, S.C. Johnson and Shell Chemical). Generous allocations of computing time were provided by the Oklahoma Supercomputer Center for Education and Research (OSCER) and by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). NERSC is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 76 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 14 BP 3712 EP 3719 DI 10.1039/c3sm27889a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 106CF UT WOS:000316118300003 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Wylie, BK Tieszen, LL Meyers, TP Baron, VS Bernacchi, CJ Billesbach, DP Burba, GG Fischer, ML Glenn, AJ Hanan, NP Hatfield, JL Heuer, MW Hollinger, SE Howard, DM Matamala, R Prueger, JH Tenuta, M Young, DG AF Gilmanov, Tagir G. Wylie, Bruce K. Tieszen, Larry L. Meyers, Tilden P. Baron, Vern S. Bernacchi, Carl J. Billesbach, David P. Burba, George G. Fischer, Marc L. Glenn, Aaron J. Hanan, Niall P. Hatfield, Jerry L. Heuer, Mark W. Hollinger, Steven E. Howard, Daniel M. Matamala, Roser Prueger, John H. Tenuta, Mario Young, David G. TI CO2 uptake and ecophysiological parameters of the grain crops of midcontinent North America: Estimates from flux tower measurements SO AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Net CO2 exchange partitioning; Gross photosynthesis; VPD limitation of photosynthesis; CO2 sink; Maize; Wheat ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; LIGHT-RESPONSE PARAMETERS; NO-TILL ECOSYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; USE EFFICIENCY; EDDY COVARIANCE; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; SURFACE-ENERGY AB We analyzed net CO2 exchange data from 13 flux tower sites with 27 site-years of measurements over maize and wheat fields across midcontinent North America. A numerically robust "light-soil temperature-VPD"-based method was used to partition the data into photosynthetic assimilation and ecosystem respiration components. Year-round ecosystem-scale ecophysiological parameters of apparent quantum yield, photosynthetic capacity, convexity of the light response, respiration rate parameters, ecological light-use efficiency, and the curvature of the VPD-response of photosynthesis for maize and wheat crops were numerically identified and interpolated/extrapolated. This allowed us to gap-fill CO2 exchange components and calculate annual totals and budgets. VPD-limitation of photosynthesis was systematically observed in grain crops of the region (occurring from 20 to 120 days during the growing season, depending on site and year), determined by the VPD regime and the numerical value of the curvature parameter of the photosynthesis-VPD-response, sigma(VPD). In 78% of the 27 site-years of observations, annual gross photosynthesis in these crops significantly exceeded ecosystem respiration, resulting in a net ecosystem production of up to 2100 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1). The measurement-based photosynthesis, respiration, and net ecosystem production data, as well as the estimates of the ecophysiological parameters, provide an empirical basis for parameterization and validation of mechanistic models of grain crop production in this economically and ecologically important region of North America. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gilmanov, Tagir G.] S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Wylie, Bruce K.; Tieszen, Larry L.] USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Meyers, Tilden P.; Heuer, Mark W.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Baron, Vern S.] Lacombe Res Ctr, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, USDA ARS Photosynthesis Res Unit, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Bernacchi, Carl J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Plant Biol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Billesbach, David P.] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Burba, George G.] LI COR Biosci, Adv R&D, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA. [Fischer, Marc L.] Sustainable Energy Syst Grp, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glenn, Aaron J.] Agr & Food Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Brandon, MB R7A 5Y3, Canada. [Hanan, Niall P.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Hatfield, Jerry L.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Heuer, Mark W.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Hollinger, Steven E.] Univ Illinois, Prairie Res Inst, Illinois State Water Survey, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Howard, Daniel M.] US Geol Survey, Earth Resources Observat & Sci EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Matamala, Roser] Argonne Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Prueger, John H.] Natl Lab Agr & Environm, Soil Water & Air Resources Res Unit, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Tenuta, Mario] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Canada Res Chair Appl Soil Ecol, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Young, David G.] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Crop & Soils Res Sect, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Management, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM tagir.gilmanov@sdstate.edu; wylie@usgs.gov; llt@sio.midco.net; tilden.meyers@noaa.gov; vern.baron@agr.gc.ca; bernacch@illinois.edu; dbillesbach1@unl.edu; george.burba@licor.com; mlfischer@lbl.gov; aaron.glenn@agr.gc.ca; niall.hanan@sdstate.edu; jerry.hatfield@ars.usda.gov; mark.heuer@noaa.gov; hoboinc87@comcast.net; dhoward@usgs.gov; matamala@anl.gov; john.prueger@ars.usda.gov; mario.tenuta@ad.umanitoba.ca; david.young@agr.gc.ca RI Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Burba, George/G-9991-2014; OI Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; Burba, George/0000-0003-2095-0057; Baron, Vern/0000-0001-5725-9230; Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X; Howard, Daniel/0000-0002-7563-7538 FU USGS [G10PC00044]; USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring program; South Dakota Corn Utilization Council; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX This work was performed under USGS contract G10PC00044 and funding was provided by the USGS Geographic Analysis and Monitoring program. This work was also supported in part by the grant from the South Dakota Corn Utilization Council. Measurements at the US-ARM site were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program. We thank Ameriflux database supervisor Dr. Thomas Boden and Ameriflux contributors Drs. J. Baker, T. Griffis, A. Suyker, and S. Verma for assistance with the data needs of this project. NR 65 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8809 J9 AGR ECOSYST ENVIRON JI Agric. Ecosyst. Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 164 BP 162 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.agee.2012.09.017 PG 14 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097KM UT WOS:000315473000015 ER PT J AU Luxa, K Acevedo-Gutierrez, A AF Luxa, Katie Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro TI Food Habits of Harbor Seals (Phoca vitulina) in Two Estuaries in the Central Salish Sea SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; scat analysis; diet composition; estuaries; temporal variation; spatial variation ID FECAL SAMPLES; MORAY-FIRTH; SKELETAL STRUCTURES; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DIET COMPOSITION; PINNIPED DIETS; PREY; RICHARDSI; PREDATION AB This study describes the seasonal diet composition of the Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) in two estuaries, Padilla Bay and Drayton Harbor, in the central Salish Sea. Prey remains were recovered from harbor seal fecal samples (scats) collected at haul-out sites during spring and summer/fall in 2006. Top prey taxa (>= 25% frequency of occurrence) were compared between seasons, estuaries, and between estuarine and non-estuarine haul-out sites. Overall, prey from at least 26 taxonomic families were identified in 198 harbor seal scats. In Padilla Bay, the most common prey were gunnel (family Pholidae; 88.6%), snake prickleback (Lumpenus sagitta; 59.1%), Pacific staghorn sculpin (Leptocottus armatus; 50.0%), and shiner perch (Cymatogaster aggregata; 47.7%). Threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus; 95.5%) and Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi; 83.1%) were the most frequently consumed species in Drayton Harbor; shiner perch, snake prickleback, mammal, and Pacific staghorn sculpin also each occurred in >= 50% of samples from at least one season. Occurrences of top prey taxa varied by season, estuary, and habitat type. Diet composition suggests that harbor seals in Padilla Bay and Drayton Harbor foraged primarily within estuarine habitats such as those found near the haul-out sites. Temporal and spatial variations in diet appeared to reflect differences in the availability of prey taxa. This study also identifies mammals as a potentially novel prey item for harbor seals in Drayton Harbor. C1 [Luxa, Katie; Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. RP Luxa, K (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM katie.luxa@gmail.com FU Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve; WWU's Research and Sponsored Programs and Biology Department; National Science Foundation [0550443] FX The views expressed or implied herein are those of the authors and do not reflect the policies of the National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U. S. Department of Commerce. We wish to thank Steve Jeffries and Monique Lance of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Dr. Douglas Bulthuis and Sharon Riggs at Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, Dr. Susan Crockford of Pacific Identifications, Inc., and Dr. Sarah Campbell at Western Washington University (WWU) for their advice and expertise. We greatly appreciate the staff and residents of Semiahmoo Marina for helping us to access the breakwater for scat collection. Jim Thomason, Tony Orr, and Kathryn Sweeney provided assistance at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory. We would also like to thank the many WWU students who helped with scat collection and processing. Tony Orr, Tonya Zeppelin, and William Walker offered constructive feedback on drafts of this manuscript. Funding was provided by Padilla Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, WWU's Research and Sponsored Programs and Biology Department, and the National Science Foundation's Award #0550443 to Dr. Acevedo-Gutierrez. This study was conducted under NMFS Permit No. 1070-1783-01. NR 83 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 36 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 10 EP 22 DI 10.1578/AM.39.1.2013.10 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 097JN UT WOS:000315469900002 ER PT J AU Wells, RS Fougeres, EM Cooper, AG Stevens, RO Brodsky, M Lingenfelser, R Dold, C Douglas, DC AF Wells, Randall S. Fougeres, Erin M. Cooper, Arthur G. Stevens, Robert O. Brodsky, Micah Lingenfelser, Robert Dold, Chris Douglas, David C. TI Movements and Dive Patterns of Short-Finned Pilot Whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) Released from a Mass Stranding in the Florida Keys SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE short-finned pilot whale; Globicephala macrorhynchus; satellite-linked telemetry; dolphin tags; marine mammal rescue and rehabilitation; health assessment; mass stranding ID NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; BEHAVIOR; MELAS; SEA AB Short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) are among the most common cetaceans to engage in mass strandings in the southeastern United States. Because these are primarily pelagic, continental shelf-edge animals, much of what is known about this species has derived from mass stranding events. Post-release monitoring via satellite-linked telemetry was conducted with two adult males determined on-site to be healthy, and released directly from a mass stranding of 23 pilot whales in May 2011, near Cudjoe Key, Florida. Tracking provided an opportunity to evaluate the decision for immediate release vs rehabilitation, and to learn more about the lives of members of this difficult-to-study species in the wild. The two pilot whales remained together for at least 16 d before transmissions from one pilot whale (Y-404) ceased. Dive patterns and travel rates suggested that Y-404's condition deteriorated prior to signal loss. Pilot Whale Y-400 was tracked for another 51 d, moving from the Blake Plateau to the Greater Antilles, remaining in the Windward Passage east of Cuba for the last 17 d of tracking. Once he reached the Antilles, Y-400 remained in high-relief habitat appropriate for the species and made dives within or exceeding the reported range for depth and duration for this species, following expected diel patterns, presumably reflecting continued good health. Telemetry data indicate that he made at least one dive to 1,000 to 1,500 m, and several dives lasted more than 40 min. Although the fates of the two released pilot whales may have been different, the concept of evaluating health and releasing individuals determined to be healthy at the time of stranding appears to have merit as an alternative to bringing all members of mass-stranded pilot whale groups into rehabilitation. C1 [Wells, Randall S.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Fougeres, Erin M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Cooper, Arthur G.; Stevens, Robert O.; Lingenfelser, Robert] Marine Mammal Conservancy, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Brodsky, Micah] VMD Consulting, Micah Brodsky, Miami Shores, FL 33133 USA. [Dold, Chris] SeaWorld Pk & Entertainment, Orlando, FL 32819 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Wells, RS (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM rwells@mote.org FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10NMF4390246] FX Tagging was performed under Article IV.B.1.c. of the Stranding Agreement between the Marine Mammal Conservancy and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Region under approval from the NMFS Southeast Region Stranding Coordinator. We appreciate the efforts of the many individuals and organizations responding to the Cudjoe Key mass stranding, including Stephen Werndli and staff from the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, the U. S. Coast Guard, Adventure Environmental, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, and U. S. Navy Seabees - Key West. The follow-up monitoring of the pilot whales was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program Award No. NA10NMF4390246. Sarasota Dolphin Research Program staff Aaron Barleycorn assisted with tag preparations, and Katherine McHugh and Sunnie Hart helped with data processing and analyses. The manuscript benefited greatly from the reviews of an early draft by Katherine McHugh and Brian Balmer. Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the federal government. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 54 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.1578/AM.39.1.2013.61 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 097JN UT WOS:000315469900005 ER PT J AU de Boer, G Hashino, T Tripoli, GJ Eloranta, EW AF de Boer, G. Hashino, T. Tripoli, G. J. Eloranta, E. W. TI A numerical study of aerosol influence on mixed-phase stratiform clouds through modulation of the liquid phase SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL ARCTIC-OCEAN; ICE NUCLEATION; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; IMMERSION MODE; PARTICLES; MICROPHYSICS; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; HEAT AB Numerical simulations were carried out in a high-resolution two-dimensional framework to increase our understanding of aerosol indirect effects in mixed-phase stratiform clouds. Aerosol characteristics explored include insoluble particle type, soluble mass fraction, influence of aerosol-induced freezing point depression and influence of aerosol number concentration. Simulations were analyzed with a focus on the processes related to liquid phase microphysics, and ice formation was limited to droplet freezing. Of the aerosol properties investigated, aerosol insoluble mass type and its associated freezing efficiency was found to be most relevant to cloud lifetime. Secondary effects from aerosol soluble mass fraction and number concentration also alter cloud characteristics and lifetime. These alterations occur via various mechanisms, including changes to the amount of nucleated ice, influence on liquid phase precipitation and ice riming rates, and changes to liquid droplet nucleation and growth rates. Alteration of the aerosol properties in simulations with identical initial and boundary conditions results in large variability in simulated cloud thickness and lifetime, ranging from rapid and complete glaciation of liquid to the production of long-lived, thick stratiform mixed-phase cloud. C1 [de Boer, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Boer, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [de Boer, G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hashino, T.] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Chiba, Japan. [Tripoli, G. J.; Eloranta, E. W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gijs.deboer@colorado.edu RI de Boer, Gijs/F-3949-2011 OI de Boer, Gijs/0000-0003-4652-7150 FU Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA: NNX07AQ81G]; United States Department of Energy [US DOE: DE-SC0008794]; NSF [ARC-1023366, ARC-1203902]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1229] FX The authors wish to acknowledge Dr. Karoline Diehl for her suggestions and assistance during the completion of this work and Hugh Morrison and Paquita Zuidema for their work in compiling the intercomparison document on which this work is based. Additionally, we'd like to thanks Drs. Matthew Shupe and David Turner for providing data for simulation validation. This research was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of their Climate and Earth System Modeling Program, completed at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, managed by the University of California under the same grant. Finally, we would like to acknowledge additional funding from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA: NNX07AQ81G) and from the United States Department of Energy (US DOE: DE-SC0008794). G. B. was additionally supported by NSF grants ARC-1023366 and ARC-1203902. This work was prepared in part at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) with support in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1229 and other grants. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. NR 50 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1733 EP 1749 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1733-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LW UT WOS:000315406600003 ER PT J AU He, C Liu, J Carlton, AG Fan, S Horowitz, LW Levy, H Tao, S AF He, C. Liu, J. Carlton, A. G. Fan, S. Horowitz, L. W. Levy, H., II Tao, S. TI Evaluation of factors controlling global secondary organic aerosol production from cloud processes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; AQUEOUS PHOTOOXIDATION; OLIGOMER FORMATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; REACTIVE UPTAKE; SOA FORMATION; GLYOXAL; ACID AB Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) exert a significant influence on ambient air quality and regional climate. Recent field, laboratorial and modeling studies have confirmed that in-cloud processes contribute to a large fraction of SOA production with large space-time heterogeneity. This study evaluates the key factors that govern the production of cloud-process SOA (SOA(cld)) on a global scale based on the GFDL coupled chemistry-climate model AM3 in which full cloud chemistry is employed. The association between SOA(cld) production rate and six factors (i.e., liquid water content (LWC), total carbon chemical loss rate (TCloss), temperature, VOC/NOx, OH, and O-3) is examined. We find that LWC alone determines the spatial pattern of SOA(cld) production, particularly over the tropical, subtropical and temperate forest regions, and is strongly correlated with SOA(cld) production. TCloss ranks the second and mainly represents the seasonal variability of vegetation growth. Other individual factors are essentially uncorrelated spatiotemporally to SOA(cld) production. We find that the rate of SOA(cld) production is simultaneously determined by both LWC and TCloss, but responds linearly to LWC and nonlinearly (or concavely) to TCloss. A parameterization based on LWC and TCloss can capture well the spatial and temporal variability of the process-based SOA(cld) formation (R-2 = 0.5) and can be easily applied to global three dimensional models to represent the SOA production from cloud processes. C1 [He, C.; Liu, J.; Tao, S.] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Carlton, A. G.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Fan, S.; Horowitz, L. W.; Levy, H., II] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jfliu@pku.edu.cn RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41222011, 41130754]; "863" Hi-Tech R&D Program of China [2012AA063303]; US EPA [83504101] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and helpful suggestions. This work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under awards 41222011 and 41130754 as well as the "863" Hi-Tech R&D Program of China under Grant No. 2012AA063303 and in part by the US EPA Grant 83504101. NR 67 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 47 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1913 EP 1926 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1913-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LW UT WOS:000315406600013 ER PT J AU Dalsoren, SB Samset, BH Myhre, G Corbett, JJ Minjares, R Lack, D Fuglestvedt, JS AF Dalsoren, S. B. Samset, B. H. Myhre, G. Corbett, J. J. Minjares, R. Lack, D. Fuglestvedt, J. S. TI Environmental impacts of shipping in 2030 with a particular focus on the Arctic region SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODIS SATELLITE DATA; BLACK CARBON; PETROLEUM ACTIVITIES; GLOBAL AEROSOL; EMISSIONS; CLIMATE; TRANSPORT; OZONE; MODEL; INVENTORIES AB We quantify the concentrations changes and Radiative Forcing (RF) of short-lived atmospheric pollutants due to shipping emissions of NOx, SOx, CO, NMVOCs, BC and OC. We use high resolution ship emission inventories for the Arctic that are more suitable for regional scale evaluation than those used in former studies. A chemical transport model and a RF model are used to evaluate the time period 2004-2030, when we expect increasing traffic in the Arctic region. Two datasets for ship emissions are used that characterize the potential impact from shipping and the degree to which shipping controls may mitigate impacts: a high (HIGH) scenario and a low scenario with Maximum Feasible Reduction (MFR) of black carbon in the Arctic. In MFR, BC emissions in the Arctic are reduced with 70% representing a combination technology performance and/or reasonable advances in single-technology performance. Both scenarios result in moderate to substantial increases in concentrations of pollutants both globally and in the Arctic. Exceptions are black carbon in the MFR scenario, and sulfur species and organic carbon in both scenarios due to the future phase-in of current regulation that reduces fuel sulfur content. In the season with potential transit traffic through the Arctic in 2030 we find increased concentrations of all pollutants in large parts of the Arctic. Net global RFs from 2004-2030 of 53 mW m(-2) (HIGH) and 73 mW m(-2) (MFR) are similar to those found for preindustrial to present net global aircraft RF. The found warming contrasts with the cooling from historical ship emissions. The reason for this difference and the higher global forcing for the MFR scenario is mainly the reduced future fuel sulfur content resulting in less cooling from sulfate aerosols. The Arctic RF is largest in the HIGH scenario. In the HIGH scenario ozone dominates the RF during the transit season (August-October). RF due to BC in air, and snow and ice becomes significant during Arctic spring. For the HIGH scenario the net Arctic RF during spring is 5 times higher than in winter. C1 [Dalsoren, S. B.; Samset, B. H.; Myhre, G.; Fuglestvedt, J. S.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Corbett, J. J.] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmosphere, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Minjares, R.] Int Council Clean Transportat, San Francisco, CA USA. [Lack, D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lack, D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dalsoren, SB (reprint author), Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway. EM stigbd@cicero.oslo.no RI Corbett, James/B-3321-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008 OI Corbett, James/0000-0002-2588-3474; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X FU EU project ACCESS (Arctic Climate Change Economy and Society); Norwegian Research Council project ArcAct [184873/S30] FX This work was funded by EU project ACCESS (Arctic Climate Change Economy and Society) and the Norwegian Research Council project ArcAct (project number 184873/S30, "Unlocking the Arctic Ocean: The climate impact of increased shipping and petroleum activities (ArcAct)"). NR 53 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 67 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1941 EP 1955 DI 10.5194/acp-13-1941-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LW UT WOS:000315406600015 ER PT J AU Kim, S Wolfe, GM Mauldin, L Cantrell, C Guenther, A Karl, T Turnipseed, A Greenberg, J Hall, SR Ullmann, K Apel, E Hornbrook, R Kajii, Y Nakashima, Y Keutsch, FN DiGangi, JP Henry, SB Kaser, L Schnitzhofer, R Graus, M Hansel, A Zheng, W Flocke, FF AF Kim, S. Wolfe, G. M. Mauldin, L. Cantrell, C. Guenther, A. Karl, T. Turnipseed, A. Greenberg, J. Hall, S. R. Ullmann, K. Apel, E. Hornbrook, R. Kajii, Y. Nakashima, Y. Keutsch, F. N. DiGangi, J. P. Henry, S. B. Kaser, L. Schnitzhofer, R. Graus, M. Hansel, A. Zheng, W. Flocke, F. F. TI Evaluation of HOx sources and cycling using measurement-constrained model calculations in a 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO) and monoterpene (MT) dominated ecosystem SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OH REACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; PEARL RIVER DELTA; BOREAL FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; TROPOSPHERIC HO2; CHEMISTRY; ISOPRENE AB We present a detailed analysis of OH observations from the BEACHON (Bio-hydro-atmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics and Nitrogen)-ROCS (Rocky Mountain Organic Carbon Study) 2010 field campaign at the Manitou Forest Observatory (MFO), which is a 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol (MBO) and monoterpene (MT) dominated forest environment. A comprehensive suite of measurements was used to constrain primary production of OH via ozone photolysis, OH recycling from HO2, and OH chemical loss rates, in order to estimate the steady-state concentration of OH. In addition, the University of Washington Chemical Model (UWCM) was used to evaluate the performance of a near-explicit chemical mechanism. The diurnal cycle in OH from the steady-state calculations is in good agreement with measurement. A comparison between the photolytic production rates and the recycling rates from the HO2 + NO reaction shows that recycling rates are similar to 20 times faster than the photolytic OH production rates from ozone. Thus, we find that direct measurement of the recycling rates and the OH loss rates can provide accurate predictions of OH concentrations. More importantly, we also conclude that a conventional OH recycling pathway (HO2 + NO) can explain the observed OH levels in this non-isoprene environment. This is in contrast to observations in isoprene-dominated regions, where investigators have observed significant underestimation of OH and have speculated that unknown sources of OH are responsible. The highly-constrained UWCM calculation under-predicts observed HO2 by as much as a factor of 8. As HO2 maintains oxidation capacity by recycling to OH, UWCM underestimates observed OH by as much as a factor of 4. When the UWCM calculation is constrained by measured HO2, model calculated OH is in better agreement with the observed OH levels. Conversely, constraining the model to observed OH only slightly reduces the model-measurement HO2 discrepancy, implying unknown HO2 sources. These findings demonstrate the importance of constraining the inputs to, and recycling within, the ROx radical pool (OH + HO2 + RO2). C1 [Kim, S.; Mauldin, L.; Cantrell, C.; Guenther, A.; Karl, T.; Turnipseed, A.; Greenberg, J.; Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.; Apel, E.; Hornbrook, R.; Zheng, W.; Flocke, F. F.] ACD NESL NCAR Boulder, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.; Keutsch, F. N.; DiGangi, J. P.; Henry, S. B.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Kajii, Y.; Nakashima, Y.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Div Appl Chem, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Graus, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Graus, M.] ESRL NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM saewungk@uci.edu RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; Keutsch, Frank/B-2391-2012; nakashima, yoshihiro/G-1141-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394 FU US National Science Foundation; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L518]; Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship from the US National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors also thank the National Science Foundation (ATM 0852406) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): [L518]. Lisa Kaser is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics. GMW acknowledges support from the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. Finally, we thank the US Forest Service, specifically Richard Oakes, for logical support. NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 48 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 2031 EP 2044 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2031-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LW UT WOS:000315406600020 ER PT J AU Young, PJ Archibald, AT Bowman, KW Lamarque, JF Naik, V Stevenson, DS Tilmes, S Voulgarakis, A Wild, O Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Cionni, I Collins, WJ Dalsoren, SB Doherty, RM Eyring, V Faluvegi, G Horowitz, LW Josse, B Lee, YH MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T Plummer, DA Righi, M Rumbold, ST Skeie, RB Shindell, DT Strode, SA Sudo, K Szopa, S Zeng, G AF Young, P. J. Archibald, A. T. Bowman, K. W. Lamarque, J. -F. Naik, V. Stevenson, D. S. Tilmes, S. Voulgarakis, A. Wild, O. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. Cionni, I. Collins, W. J. Dalsoren, S. B. Doherty, R. M. Eyring, V. Faluvegi, G. Horowitz, L. W. Josse, B. Lee, Y. H. MacKenzie, I. A. Nagashima, T. Plummer, D. A. Righi, M. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. B. Shindell, D. T. Strode, S. A. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Zeng, G. TI Pre-industrial to end 21st century projections of tropospheric ozone from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL LIGHTNING DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; METHANE EMISSION CONTROLS; AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; SURFACE OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MULTIMODEL ASSESSMENT; TROPOPAUSE HEIGHT; FUTURE CHANGES AB Present day tropospheric ozone and its changes between 1850 and 2100 are considered, analysing 15 global models that participated in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). The ensemble mean compares well against present day observations. The seasonal cycle correlates well, except for some locations in the tropical upper troposphere. Most (75%) of the models are encompassed with a range of global mean tropospheric ozone column estimates from satellite data, but there is a suggestion of a high bias in the Northern Hemisphere and a low bias in the Southern Hemisphere, which could indicate deficiencies with the ozone precursor emissions. Compared to the present day ensemble mean tropospheric ozone burden of 337 +/- 23 Tg, the ensemble mean burden for 1850 time slice is similar to 30% lower. Future changes were modelled using emissions and climate projections from four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Compared to 2000, the relative changes in the ensemble mean tropospheric ozone burden in 2030 (2100) for the different RCPs are: -4% (-16%) for RCP2.6, 2% (-7%) for RCP4.5, 1% (-9%) for RCP6.0, and 7% (18%) for RCP8.5. Model agreement on the magnitude of the change is greatest for larger changes. Reductions in most precursor emissions are common across the RCPs and drive ozone decreases in all but RCP8.5, where doubled methane and a 40-150% greater stratospheric influx (estimated from a subset of models) increase ozone. While models with a high ozone burden for the present day also have high ozone burdens for the other time slices, no model consistently predicts large or small ozone changes; i.e. the magnitudes of the burdens and burden changes do not appear to be related simply, and the models are sensitive to emissions and climate changes in different ways. Spatial patterns of ozone changes are well correlated across most models, but are notably different for models without time evolving stratospheric ozone concentrations. A unified approach to ozone budget specifications and a rigorous investigation of the factors that drive tropospheric ozone is recommended to help future studies attribute ozone changes and inter-model differences more clearly. C1 [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Archibald, A. T.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. [Archibald, A. T.] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. [Bowman, K. W.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.; Tilmes, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Stevenson, D. S.; Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Young, P. J.; Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Collins, W. J.; Rumbold, S. T.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dalsoren, S. B.; Skeie, R. B.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo, Oslo, Norway. [Eyring, V.; Righi, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.] Columbia Univ, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Josse, B.] Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, CNRS, GAME CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Nagashima, T.] Japan Marine Sci & Technol Ctr, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Szopa, S.] LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Young, PJ (reprint author), Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. EM paul.j.young@lancaster.ac.uk RI Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 FU International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC); Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) projects; US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Norwegian Research Council; DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project; ENEA National Integrated Model; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; DECC [GA01101]; Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; UK research council [NE/I008063/1]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation FX ACCMIP is organised under the auspices of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) projects, which fall under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP) respectively. The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. For CESM-CAM-superfast, DB and PC were funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER) and simulations were performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and using the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were completed within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. DP would like to thank the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences for their long-running support of CMAM development. For EMAC, the work of VE and MR was funded by the DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project and used the supercomputing resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), and the work of IC was funded by the ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project. The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. VN and LWH acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. For the GISS models, support is acknowledged from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. For HadGEM2, WJC and STR were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer centre of the CEA. The MOCAGE simulations were supported by Meteo-France and CNRS and supercomputing time was provided by the Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing centre. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The CESM project, including NCAR-CAM3.5, is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The STOC-HadAM3 work was supported by cross UK research council grant NE/I008063/1 and used facilities provided by the UK's national high-performance computing service, HECToR, through Computational Modelling Services (CMS), part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). For UM-CAM, GZ acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. NR 121 TC 130 Z9 135 U1 7 U2 125 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 4 BP 2063 EP 2090 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2063-2013 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096LW UT WOS:000315406600022 ER PT J AU Verkouteren, JR Ritchie, NWM Gillen, G AF Verkouteren, Jennifer R. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. Gillen, Greg TI Use of force-sensing array films to improve surface wipe sampling SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; VALIDATION; SENSORS; SPORES AB Surface wipe sampling, as performed by human operators, is widely used in environmental monitoring and currently subject to a high degree of variability. Two factors relating to sampling efficiency, applied force and area coverage, have not previously been amenable to measurement during wipe sampling. A force-sensing resistor (FSR) array film is used for the first time in this study to measure these factors and provide feedback for operator training, with the goal of reducing inter-operator variability. A volunteer population of 20 performed wipe sampling within a 10 cm by 10 cm templated area under an instruction to use "firm" force. The applied force for the population ranged from 3 Newtons (N) (306 g-force) to 14 N, with intra-operator variability within each experiment of 20% RSD on average. A statistically significant difference in force among operators was determined by a single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p-value = 1.6 x 10(-7)). An average force of 7.4 N (SD = 2.9 N) was determined for the population, and an operator who fell outside the mean was trained with feedback from the FSR, achieving an average force of 6.8 N (SD = 1.8 N). Retention of the training was demonstrated by testing after 6 days resulting in an average force of 6.8 N (SD = 0.8 N). Direct measurements of the sampling path can be made from the FSR using center-of-force (COF) data. Operators were evaluated against a path designed to fill the 10 cm by 10 cm area with 98% coverage. With training, operators achieved coverage of up to 96% using only guidelines marked on the paper template to define the sampling path. Fluorescent polymer microspheres were used to evaluate collection efficiency when performing dry wipe sampling under controlled conditions of force and area coverage. Over the range of forces measured earlier for the population, the collection efficiency varied from 10% to 50%, with an approximate increase of 4% in collection efficiency with each additional 1 N of force. The locations of particles remaining on the surfaces after sampling were compared with the COFs. A high percentage of particles (up to 45%) were redeposited to the surface after collection, indicating that sampling patterns should be designed to minimize the length of the sampling path while still providing maximum area coverage. C1 [Verkouteren, Jennifer R.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Verkouteren, JR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jennifer.verkouteren@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security FX The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this work under an Interagency Agreement with NIST. We thank the volunteers from the Surface and Microanalysis Science Division at NIST for their contributions. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 373 EP 380 DI 10.1039/c2em30644a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096IP UT WOS:000315397700007 PM 25208702 ER PT J AU Fenoglio-Marc, L Mariotti, A Sannino, G Meyssignac, B Carillo, A Struglia, MV Rixen, M AF Fenoglio-Marc, L. Mariotti, A. Sannino, G. Meyssignac, B. Carillo, A. Struglia, M. V. Rixen, M. TI Decadal variability of net water flux at the Mediterranean Sea Gibraltar Strait SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Gibraltar net water flux; Ocean mass change; Sea-level; Water cycle ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT GPCP; MASS VARIATION; LEVEL; MODEL; OCEAN; PRECIPITATION; REGION; RECONSTRUCTION; FIELDS AB Long-term variability of the net water flux into the Mediterranean Sea at the Gibraltar Strait over the period 1960-2009 is explored based on an approach combining multiple observational datasets and results from a regional climate model simulation. The approach includes deriving Gibraltar net inflow from the application of the Mediterranean Sea water budget equation using observationally based estimates of mass variation, evaporation, precipitation and simulated river discharge and Bosphorus Strait water fluxes. This derivation is compared with results from a simulation using the PROTHEUS regional ocean-atmosphere coupled model considering both individual water cycle terms and overall Gibraltar water flux. Results from both methodologies point to an increase in net water flux at Gibraltar over the period 1970-2009 (0.8 +/- 0.2 mm/mo per year based on the observational approach). Simulated Gibraltar net water flux shows decadal variability during 1960-2009 including a net Gibraltar water flux decrease during 1960-1970 before the 1970-2009 increase. Decadal variations in net evaporation at the sea-surface, such as the increase during 1970-2009, appear to drive the changes in net inflow at Gibraltar, while river runoff and net inflow at the Bosphorus Strait have a modulating effect Mediterranean Sea mass changes are seen to be relatively small compared to water mass fluxes at the sea surface and do not show a long-term trend over 1970-2009. The Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are relevant indirect influences on net water flux at Gibraltar via the influence they bear on regional evaporation, precipitation and runoff. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fenoglio-Marc, L.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Phys Geodesy, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Mariotti, A.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res NOAA OAR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Sannino, G.; Carillo, A.; Struglia, M. V.] Italian Agcy Energy & Environm ENEA, Climate Project, Ocean Modelling Unit, I-00060 Rome, Italy. [Meyssignac, B.] LEGOS CNES, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Rixen, M.] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Fenoglio-Marc, L (reprint author), Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Phys Geodesy, Petersenstr 13, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. EM fenoglio@ipg.tu-darmstadt.de RI Meyssignac, Benoit/O-1910-2015; Fenoglio-Marc, Luciana/J-3305-2016; OI Fenoglio-Marc, Luciana/0000-0003-3701-8426; Sannino, Gianmaria/0000-0002-3985-9432 FU EU; European Commission's Sixth Framework Program; [DFG/SPP1257] FX We thank L. Li and an anonymous reviewer for their comments that helped to significantly improve our manuscript. We acknowledge A. Cazenave for helpful discussions, M. Tsimplis and A. Shaw for support in providing the Medar/Medatlas data. This study was partly carried out in the frame of the projects STREMP funded by the DFG/SPP1257 and TOPO-EUROPE funded by the EU. The PROTHEUS model simulation has been performed as part the CIRCE Integrated Project, funded under the European Commission's Sixth Framework Program. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD JAN PY 2013 VL 100 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2012.08.007 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 098OF UT WOS:000315557900001 ER PT J AU Price, ER Jones, TT Wallace, BP Guglielmo, CG AF Price, Edwin R. Jones, T. Todd Wallace, Bryan P. Guglielmo, Christopher G. TI Serum triglycerides and beta-hydroxybutyrate predict feeding status in green turtles (Chelortia mydas): Evaluating a single blood sample method for assessing feeding/fasting in reptiles SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Feeding; Hydroxybutyrate; Ketone bodies; Plasma metabolites; Triglyceride; Turtle ID PLASMA-LIPID METABOLITES; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; CHELONIA-MYDAS; REFUELING PERFORMANCE; DIGESTA COMPOSITION; MASS CHANGES; MIGRATION; LIPOPROTEINS; VALIDATION; SANDPIPERS AB The foraging success or feeding rate of an animal is important information for ecologists and wildlife managers but can be difficult to assess, particularly in marine vertebrates that are hard to follow at sea. Here we evaluate a method for determining recent feeding history using a single blood sample by measuring the concentration of relevant serum metabolites. Five captive green turtles were either fed a maintenance diet or subjected to fasting periods ranging from 5-15 days. Serial serum samples were collected during both fed and fasted periods, and we determined triglyceride, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol concentrations using spectrophotometric assays. Serum triglyceride and glycerol concentrations decreased during fasting periods, while serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration increased during fasts. For triglyceride and glycerol, this decrease apparently occurred in the first 5 days of fasting and was unaltered by further fasting. E-hydroxybutyrate concentration continued to increase during longer fasting periods. The decrease in serum glycerol was unexpected and may be due to metabolic down-regulation in fasted turtles. Serum triglyceride and beta-hydroxybutyrate appear to be good indicators of feeding state and can be applied to wild turtles. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Price, Edwin R.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jones, T. Todd] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Jones, T. Todd] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Ocean Soc, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Guglielmo, Christopher G.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Biol, Adv Facil Avian Res, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada. RP Price, ER (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest & Wildlife Ecol, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eprice2@wisc.edu; todd.jones@noaa.gov; wallace@oceanicsociety.org; cguglie2@uwo.ca RI Price, Edwin/E-3080-2010 OI Price, Edwin/0000-0001-6042-7020 FU NSERC; NMFS/NOAA-PIFSC; National Science Foundation FX We thank Katie Rott, Lisa Ruff, Skokie Price, Bill Karasov, and Gerry Soslau for their laboratory assistance and methodological advice. We thank the University of British Columbia zoology undergraduates for caring for the green turtles housed at the Zoology Animal Care Center as well as A. Vanderhorst and S. Gopaul (turtle emergency care), B. Gillespie and V. Grant (for everything mechanical), and C Harvey-Clark and T. Godbey for veterinary assistance. This study was funded by NSERC Discovery Grants to CGG and David R. Jones and by NMFS/NOAA-PIFSC. ERP is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 439 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.11.005 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 099GO UT WOS:000315609700023 ER PT J AU Piner, KR Lee, HH Kimoto, A Taylor, IG Kanaiwa, M Sun, CL AF Piner, Kevin R. Lee, Hui-Hua Kimoto, Ai Taylor, Ian G. Kanaiwa, Minoru Sun, Chi-Lu TI Population dynamics and status of striped marlin (Kajikia audax) in the western and central northern Pacific Ocean SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE environmental versus maternal effects; integrated modelling; time-varying selection ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; TETRAPTURUS-AUDAX; FISH; RECRUITMENT; GROWTH; DISTRIBUTIONS; BILLFISHES; MANAGEMENT; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE AB A new understanding of the structure of striped marlin stocks in the Pacific Ocean was the basis for estimating the population dynamics in the western and central northern Pacific (1975-2010). Dynamics were estimated using large-scale spatial data and a fully integrated length-based and age-structured model. The model used fishery-dependent catch, size composition and catch per unit effort (CPUE) as likelihood components. Time-varying selectivity patterns were used in the modelling to account for changes in fishing practices. Estimates of fishing intensity showed a pattern of exploitation generally exceeding the levels associated with maximum sustainable yield (MSY). Estimates of spawning biomass and recruitment described a population that was relatively stable near biomass levels associated with MSY until the 1990s, when recruitment declined and biomass levels fell below those associated with MSY. The reduction in recruitment could be explained by a loss of spawning biomass and potentially changes in environment. The future prospects of rebuilding the stock will depend on the relative importance of the roles maternal biomass and environment play in determining recruitment strength. C1 [Piner, Kevin R.] NOAA Fisheries, SWFSC, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lee, Hui-Hua] Univ Hawaii, JIMAR, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kimoto, Ai] Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Taylor, Ian G.] NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kanaiwa, Minoru] Tokyo Univ Agr, Abashiri, Hokkaido 0992493, Japan. [Sun, Chi-Lu] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Piner, KR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SWFSC, 8604 La Jolla Shore Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Kevin.Piner@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 13 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2013 VL 64 IS 2 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1071/MF12302 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 094AD UT WOS:000315234300003 ER PT J AU Slone, DH Reid, JP Kenworthy, WJ AF Slone, Daniel H. Reid, James P. Kenworthy, W. Judson TI Mapping spatial resources with GPS animal telemetry: foraging manatees locate seagrass beds in the Ten Thousand Islands, Florida, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Zero-inflated negative binomial; ZINB; Kernel density filter; Geographic information system; GIS; ARGOS satellite; Foraging ecology; Spatial pattern ID HALOPHILA-DECIPIENS; DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT SELECTION; LIGHT; GULF AB Turbid water conditions make the delineation and characterization of benthic habitats difficult by traditional in situ and remote sensing methods. Here, we develop and validate modeling and sampling methodology for detecting and characterizing seagrass beds by analyzing GPS telemetry records from radio-tagged manatees. Between October 2002 and October 2005, 14 manatees were tracked in the Ten Thousand Islands (TTI) in southwest Florida (USA) using Global Positioning System (GPS) tags. High density manatee use areas were found to occur off each island facing the open, nearshore waters of the Gulf of Mexico. We implemented a spatially stratified random sampling plan and used a camera-based sampling technique to observe and record bottom observations of seagrass and macroalgae presence and abundance. Five species of seagrass were identified in our study area: Halodule wrightii, Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halophila engelmannii, and Halophila decipiens. A Bayesian model was developed to choose and parameterize a spatial process function that would describe the observed patterns of seagrass and macroalgae. The seagrasses were found in depths <2 m and in the higher manatee use strata, whereas macroalgae was found at moderate densities at all sampled depths and manatee use strata. The manatee spatial data showed a strong association with seagrass beds, a relationship that increased seagrass sampling efficiency. Our camera-based field sampling proved to be effective for assessing seagrass density and spatial coverage under turbid water conditions, and would be an effective monitoring tool to detect changes in seagrass beds. C1 [Slone, Daniel H.; Reid, James P.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, NOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Slone, DH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, 7920 NW 71st St, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. EM dslone@usgs.gov OI Slone, Daniel/0000-0002-9903-9727; Reid, James/0000-0002-8497-1132 FU Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge [401818 N510]; Everglades National Park [F5297-09-0063] FX We thank S. Butler and T. Green for their dedicated fieldwork and several reviewers for their helpful edits. Studies were conducted under Federal Fish and Wildlife Permit MA791721 and National Park Service Scientific Research and Collecting Permit EVER-2007-SCI-0049, both issued to USGS/Sirenia Project. Fieldwork was supported by USGS, The Center for Coastal Fisheries and Habitat Research, NOAA, and Ten Thousand Islands National Wildlife Refuge under Agreement No. 401818 N510. Analysis was supported by Everglades National Park under Agreement No. F5297-09-0063. Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 8 U2 69 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 476 BP 285 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10156 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 097HZ UT WOS:000315465900021 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Hu, CM Lapointe, B Melo, N Johns, EM Smith, RH AF Zhao, Jun Hu, Chuanmin Lapointe, Brian Melo, Nelson Johns, Elizabeth M. Smith, Ryan H. TI Satellite-Observed Black Water Events off Southwest Florida: Implications for Coral Reef Health in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary SO REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE "black water"; MODIS; SeaWiFS; water quality; coral reef; Florida Keys ID COLOR; ECOSYSTEM; LINKAGES; EXAMPLES AB A "black water" event, as observed from satellites, occurred off southwest Florida in 2012. Satellite observations suggested that the event started in early January and ended in mid-April 2012. The black water patch formed off central west Florida and advected southward towards Florida Bay and the Florida Keys with the shelf circulation, which was confirmed by satellite-tracked surface drifter trajectories. Compared with a previous black water event in 2002, the 2012 event was weaker in terms of spatial and temporal coverage. An in situ survey indicated that the 2012 black water patch contained toxic K. brevis and had relatively low CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter) and turbidity but high chlorophyll-a concentrations, while salinity was somewhat high compared with historical values. Further analysis revealed that the 2012 black water was formed by the K. brevis bloom initiated off central west Florida in late September 2011, while river runoff, Trichodesmium and possibly submarine groundwater discharge also played important roles in its formation. Black water patches can affect benthic coral reef communities by decreasing light availability at the bottom, and enhanced nutrient concentrations from black water patches support massive macroalgae growth that can overgrow coral reefs. It is thus important to continue the integrated observations where satellites provide synoptic and repeated observations of such adverse water quality events. C1 [Zhao, Jun; Hu, Chuanmin] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hu, Chuanmin] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch, Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Melo, Nelson] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Melo, Nelson; Johns, Elizabeth M.; Smith, Ryan H.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hu, CM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM junzhao@mail.usf.edu; hu@marine.usf.edu; blapoin1@hboi.fau.edu; nelson.melo@noaa.gov; libby.johns@noaa.gov; ryan.smith@noaa.gov RI Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Melo, Nelson/A-5983-2011; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011 OI Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Melo, Nelson/0000-0001-7563-5420; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989 FU NASA's Gulf of Mexico program; Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program; NOAA/OAR Ship Charter Fund; NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research; NOAA's Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Appropriation; US Army Corps of Engineers FX This study was supported by NASA's Gulf of Mexico program and Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program. The SFP of NOAA AOML has been funded by the NOAA/OAR Ship Charter Fund, NOAA's Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, NOAA's Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Appropriation, and the US Army Corps of Engineers. We thank the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group for providing MODIS and SeaWiFS data. We also thank Gerardo Toro-Farmer (USF) and Maria Vega-Rodriguez (USF) for collecting water samples and thank Jennifer Cannizzaro (USF) and Jennifer Wolny (Florida Institute of Oceanography) for analyzing some of the water samples. Three anonymous reviewers provided substantial comments that helped improve this manuscript, whose effort is acknowledged here. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 26 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2072-4292 J9 REMOTE SENS-BASEL JI Remote Sens. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 415 EP 431 DI 10.3390/rs5010415 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 096KJ UT WOS:000315402400021 ER PT J AU Mao, J Fan, S Jacob, DJ Travis, KR AF Mao, J. Fan, S. Jacob, D. J. Travis, K. R. TI Radical loss in the atmosphere from Cu-Fe redox coupling in aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HO2 RADICALS; PARTICULATE MATTER; AQUEOUS PARTICLES; MULTIPHASE CHEMISTRY; HETEROGENEOUS LOSS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; PEROXY-RADICALS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; RATE CONSTANTS; RURAL SITE AB The hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) is a major precursor of OH and tropospheric ozone. OH is the main atmospheric oxidant, while tropospheric ozone is an important surface pollutant and greenhouse gas. Standard gas-phase models for atmospheric chemistry tend to overestimate observed HO2 concentrations, and this has been tentatively attributed to heterogeneous uptake by aerosol particles. It is generally assumed that HO2 uptake by aerosol involves conversion to H2O2, but this is of limited efficacy as an HO2 sink because H2O2 can photolyze to regenerate OH and from there HO2. Joint atmospheric observations of HO2 and H2O2 suggest that HO2 uptake by aerosols may in fact not produce H2O2. Here we propose a catalytic mechanism involving coupling of the transition metal ions Cu(I)/Cu(II) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) to rapidly convert HO2 to H2O in aqueous aerosols. The implied HO2 uptake and conversion to H2O significantly affects global model predictions of tropospheric OH, ozone, carbon monoxide (CO) and other species, improving comparisons to observations in the GEOS-Chem model. It represents a previously unrecognized positive radiative forcing of aerosols through the effects on the chemical budgets of major greenhouse gases including methane and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). C1 [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Mao, J.; Fan, S.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Jacob, D. J.; Travis, K. R.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Mao, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM jingqiu.mao@noaa.gov RI Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Travis, Katherine/G-1417-2016 OI Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; Travis, Katherine/0000-0003-1628-0353 FU NASA FX We thank Larry Horowitz and Hiram Levy II for careful review. We thank Vaishali Naik for helpful discussion on global mean OH. We thank Inna Megretskaia, Monika Kopacz, Drew T. Shindell and Junhua Liu for the help with global CO data. We thank Catherine Raphael for the help with graphic design. D. J. J. and K. R. T. were supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. NR 75 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 7 U2 71 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 509 EP 519 DI 10.5194/acp-13-509-2013 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200002 ER PT J AU Turner, AJ Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW Bauer, M AF Turner, A. J. Fiore, A. M. Horowitz, L. W. Bauer, M. TI Summertime cyclones over the Great Lakes Storm Track from 1860-2100: variability, trends, and association with ozone pollution SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PM2.5 AIR-QUALITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; METEOROLOGICAL MODES; TEMPERATURE; REANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY; EMISSIONS; AEROSOLS; GASES AB Prior work indicates that the frequency of summertime mid-latitude cyclones tracking across the Great Lakes Storm Track (GLST, bounded by: 70 degrees W, 90 degrees W, 40 degrees N, and 50 degrees N) are strongly anticorrelated with ozone (O-3) pollution episodes over the Northeastern United States (US). We apply the MAP Climatology of Mid-latitude Storminess (MCMS) algorithm to 6-hourly sea level pressure fields from over 2500 yr of simulations with the GFDL CM3 global coupled chemistry-climate model. These simulations include (1) 875 yr with constant 1860 emissions and forcings (Pre-industrial Control), (2) five ensemble members for 18602005 emissions and forcings (Historical), and (3) future (2006-2100) scenarios following the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) and a sensitivity simulation to isolate the role of climate warming from changes in O-3 precursor emissions (RCP 4.5*). The GFDL CM3 Historical simulations capture the mean and variability of summertime cyclones traversing the GLST within the range determined from four reanalysis datasets. Over the 21st century (2006-2100), the frequency of summertime mid-latitude cyclones in the GLST decreases under the RCP 8.5 scenario and in the RCP 4.5 ensemble mean. These trends are significant when assessed relative to the variability in the Pre-industrial Control simulation. In addition, the RCP 4.5* scenario enables us to determine the relationship between summertime GLST cyclones and high-O-3 events (> 95th percentile) in the absence of emission changes. The summertime GLST cyclone frequency explains less than 10% of the variability in high-O-3 events over the Northeastern US in the model, implying that other factors play an equally important role in determining high-O-3 events. C1 [Turner, A. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Turner, A. J.; Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Bauer, M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. RP Turner, AJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM aturner@fas.harvard.edu RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science To Achieve Results (STAR) [83520601]; NASA Applied Sciences Program [NNX09AN77G] FX This work was supported by the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship Program (AJT), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science To Achieve Results (STAR) grant 83520601 (AMF), and the NASA Applied Sciences Program grant NNX09AN77G (AJT). The contents of this article are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official view of the EPA. Further, the EPA does not endorse the purchase of any commercial products or services mentioned in the publication. NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 and NCEP/DOE Reanalysis 2 data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. Special thanks also to ECMWF for providing ERA-Interim and ERA-40 data. We are grateful to Vishali Naik for her assistance with the CMIP5 simulations. We also thank Frank Indiviglio for his assistance with the GFDL computing system, Eric Leibensperger, Andrew Wittenberg, and Jacob Oberman for their comments on early results, as well as Harald Rieder, Elizabeth Barnes, Daniel Jacob, and Daven Henze for their valuable comments on this manuscript. NR 67 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 565 EP 578 DI 10.5194/acp-13-565-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200006 ER PT J AU Saylor, RD AF Saylor, R. D. TI The Atmospheric Chemistry and Canopy Exchange Simulation System (ACCESS): model description and application to a temperate deciduous forest canopy SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; REACTIVE TRACE GASES; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ORDER CLOSURE-MODEL; PLANT CANOPIES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; BIOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB Forest canopies are primary emission sources of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and have the potential to significantly influence the formation and distribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass. Biogenically-derived SOA formed as a result of emissions from the widespread forests across the globe may affect air quality in populated areas, degrade atmospheric visibility, and affect climate through direct and indirect forcings. In an effort to better understand the formation of SOA mass from forest emissions, a 1-D column model of the multiphase physical and chemical processes occurring within and just above a vegetative canopy is being developed. An initial, gas-phase-only version of this model, the Atmospheric Chemistry and Canopy Exchange Simulation System (ACCESS), includes processes accounting for the emission of BVOCs from the canopy, turbulent vertical transport within and above the canopy and throughout the height of the planetary boundary layer (PBL), near-explicit representation of chemical transformations, mixing with the background atmosphere and bi-directional exchange between the atmosphere and canopy and the atmosphere and forest floor. The model formulation of ACCESS is described in detail and results are presented for an initial application of the modeling system to Walker Branch Watershed, an isoprene-emission-dominated forest canopy in the southeastern United States which has been the focal point for previous chemical and micrometeorological studies. Model results of isoprene profiles and fluxes are found to be consistent with previous measurements made at the simulated site and with other measurements made in and above mixed deciduous forests in the south-eastern United States. Sensitivity experiments are presented which explore how canopy concentrations and fluxes of gas-phase precursors of SOA are affected by background anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NOx). Results from these experiments suggest that the level of ambient NOx influences the pathways by which SOA is formed by affecting the relative magnitudes and fluxes of isoprene oxidation products emitted from the canopy. Future versions of the ACCESS model are planned to be multiphase, including gas-and aerosolphase chemical and physical processes, to more fully explore these preliminary results. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Saylor, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, 456 S Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM rick.saylor@noaa.gov RI Saylor, Rick/D-1252-2014 OI Saylor, Rick/0000-0003-4835-8290 FU NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research through US Weather Research Program FX This work has been performed with support from NOAA's Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research through the US Weather Research Program. The author thanks Steven Fine, Richard Artz and Bruce Baker for encouragement during the pursuit of this work, Ariel Stein for productive discussions during the development of the modeling system, and two anonymous reviewers whose constructive comments and suggestions significantly improved the final manuscript. The author also sincerely thanks Maggie Robinson at ATDD for her patient and tireless pursuit of numerous journal articles and reports. NR 132 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 693 EP 715 DI 10.5194/acp-13-693-2013 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200014 ER PT J AU Coen, MC Andrews, E Asmi, A Baltensperger, U Bukowiecki, N Day, D Fiebig, M Fjaeraa, AM Flentje, H Hyvarinen, A Jefferson, A Jennings, SG Kouvarakis, G Lihavainen, H Myhre, CL Malm, WC Mihapopoulos, N Molenar, JV O'Dowd, C Ogren, JA Schichtel, BA Sheridan, P Virkkula, A Weingartner, E Weller, R Laj, P AF Coen, M. Collaud Andrews, E. Asmi, A. Baltensperger, U. Bukowiecki, N. Day, D. Fiebig, M. Fjaeraa, A. M. Flentje, H. Hyvarinen, A. Jefferson, A. Jennings, S. G. Kouvarakis, G. Lihavainen, H. Myhre, C. Lund Malm, W. C. Mihapopoulos, N. Molenar, J. V. O'Dowd, C. Ogren, J. A. Schichtel, B. A. Sheridan, P. Virkkula, A. Weingartner, E. Weller, R. Laj, P. TI Aerosol decadal trends - Part 1: In-situ optical measurements at GAW and IMPROVE stations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONS; UNITED-STATES; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; BACKGROUND SITES; SURFACE MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; PARTICULATE MATTER AB Currently many ground-based atmospheric stations include in-situ measurements of aerosol physical and optical properties, resulting in more than 20 long-term (> 10 yr) aerosol measurement sites in the Northern Hemisphere and Antarctica. Most of these sites are located at remote locations and monitor the aerosol particle number concentration, wavelength-dependent light scattering, backscattering, and absorption coefficients. The existence of these multi-year datasets enables the analysis of long-term trends of these aerosol parameters, and of the derived light scattering Angstrom exponent and backscatter fraction. Since the aerosol variables are not normally distributed, three different methods (the seasonal Mann-Kendall test associated with the Sen's slope, the generalized least squares fit associated with an autoregressive bootstrap algorithm for confidence intervals, and the least-mean square fit applied to logarithms of the data) were applied to detect the long-term trends and their magnitudes. To allow a comparison among measurement sites, trends on the most recent 10 and 15 yr periods were calculated. No significant trends were found for the three continental European sites. Statistically significant trends were found for the two European marine sites but the signs of the trends varied with aerosol property and location. Statistically significant decreasing trends for both scattering and absorption coefficients (mean slope of -2.0% yr(-1)) were found for most North American stations, although positive trends were found for a few desert and high-altitude sites. The difference in the timing of emission reduction policy for the Europe and US continents is a likely explanation for the decreasing trends in aerosol optical parameters found for most American sites compared to the lack of trends observed in Europe. No significant trends in scattering coefficient were found for the Arctic or Antarctic stations, whereas the Arctic station had a negative trend in absorption coefficient. The high altitude Pacific island station of Mauna Loa presents positive trends for both scattering and absorption coefficients. C1 [Coen, M. Collaud] MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. [Andrews, E.; Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Andrews, E.; Ogren, J. A.; Sheridan, P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Asmi, A.; Virkkula, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Baltensperger, U.; Bukowiecki, N.; Weingartner, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Day, D.; Malm, W. C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fiebig, M.; Fjaeraa, A. M.; Myhre, C. Lund] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Flentje, H.] German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Jennings, S. G.; O'Dowd, C.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Kouvarakis, G.; Mihapopoulos, N.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Hyvarinen, A.; Lihavainen, H.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki 00560, Finland. [Molenar, J. V.] Air Resource Specialists Inc, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Schichtel, B. A.] Natl Pk Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Weller, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Laj, P.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE UMR 5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France. RP Coen, MC (reprint author), MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. EM martine.collaudcoen@meteoswiss.ch RI Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; Asmi, Ari/H-5658-2012; Virkkula, Aki/B-8575-2014; Hyvarinen, Antti-Pekka/A-9025-2011; Bukowiecki, Nicolas/D-1941-2009; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Lund Myhre, Cathrine/M-4508-2014; Lihavainen, Heikki/N-4840-2014; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; Asmi, Ari/0000-0003-3933-4684; Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Lund Myhre, Cathrine/0000-0003-3587-5926; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 FU MeteoSwiss within Swiss program of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the WMO; European Union [262254]; Europe FP6 project European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (EUSAAR); Europe FP5 project Construction FX The authors would like to thank the numerous, but unfortunately unnamed, technical and scientific staff members of the stations included in these analyses, whose dedication to quality for decades have made this paper possible. We also thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG), which made it possible to carry out the experiments at the High Altitude Research Station at the Jungfraujoch and the support by MeteoSwiss within the Swiss program of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the WMO. European sites and measurements were also supported by the Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air pollutants in Europe (EMEP) under UNECE. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under the ACTRIS project with grant agreement #262254 as well as from the Europe FP6 project European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (EUSAAR) and the Europe FP5 project Construction, use and delivery of an European aerosol database (CREATE). NR 91 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 869 EP 894 DI 10.5194/acp-13-869-2013 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200024 ER PT J AU Asmi, A Coen, MC Ogren, JA Andrews, E Sheridan, P Jefferson, A Weingartner, E Baltensperger, U Bukowiecki, N Lihavainen, H Kivekas, N Asmi, E Aalto, PP Kulmala, M Wiedensohler, A Birmili, W Hamed, A O'Dowd, C Jennings, SG Weller, R Flentje, H Fjaeraa, AM Fiebig, M Myhre, CL Hallar, AG Swietlicki, E Kristensson, A Laj, P AF Asmi, A. Coen, M. Collaud Ogren, J. A. Andrews, E. Sheridan, P. Jefferson, A. Weingartner, E. Baltensperger, U. Bukowiecki, N. Lihavainen, H. Kivekas, N. Asmi, E. Aalto, P. P. Kulmala, M. Wiedensohler, A. Birmili, W. Hamed, A. O'Dowd, C. Jennings, S. G. Weller, R. Flentje, H. Fjaeraa, A. M. Fiebig, M. Myhre, C. L. Hallar, A. G. Swietlicki, E. Kristensson, A. Laj, P. TI Aerosol decadal trends - Part 2: In-situ aerosol particle number concentrations at GAW and ACTRIS stations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BEND REGIONAL AEROSOL; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; AIR-QUALITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; SEASONAL-VARIATION; BACKGROUND SITES AB We have analysed the trends of total aerosol particle number concentrations (N) measured at long-term measurement stations involved either in the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) and/or EU infrastructure project ACTRIS. The sites are located in Europe, North America, Antarctica, and on Pacific Ocean islands. The majority of the sites showed clear decreasing trends both in the full-length time series, and in the intra-site comparison period of 2001-2010, especially during the winter months. Several potential driving processes for the observed trends were studied, and even though there are some similarities between N trends and air temperature changes, the most likely cause of many northern hemisphere trends was found to be decreases in the anthropogenic emissions of primary particles, SO2 or some co-emitted species. We could not find a consistent agreement between the trends of N and particle optical properties in the few stations with long time series of all of these properties. The trends of N and the proxies for cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) were generally consistent in the few European stations where the measurements were available. This work provides a useful comparison analysis for modelling studies of trends in aerosol number concentrations. C1 [Asmi, A.; Aalto, P. P.; Kulmala, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Coen, M. Collaud] MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. [Ogren, J. A.; Andrews, E.; Sheridan, P.; Jefferson, A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Andrews, E.; Jefferson, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weingartner, E.; Baltensperger, U.; Bukowiecki, N.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Lihavainen, H.; Kivekas, N.; Asmi, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Helsinki 00560, Finland. [Wiedensohler, A.; Birmili, W.; Hamed, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Hamed, A.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [O'Dowd, C.; Jennings, S. G.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [O'Dowd, C.; Jennings, S. G.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Climate & Air Pollut Studies, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Weller, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Flentje, H.] Deutsch Wetterdienst, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Fjaeraa, A. M.; Fiebig, M.; Myhre, C. L.] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Hallar, A. G.] Desert Res Inst, Storm Peak Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Steamboat Springs, CO USA. [Swietlicki, E.; Kristensson, A.] Lund Univ, Div Nucl Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Laj, P.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE, UMR5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Asmi, A.] Univ Clermont Ferrand, CNRS, Lab Meteorol Phys, UMR6016, Clermont Ferrand, France. RP Asmi, A (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM ari.asmi@helsinki.fi RI Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Lund Myhre, Cathrine/M-4508-2014; Lihavainen, Heikki/N-4840-2014; Wiedensohler, Alfred/D-1223-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Hallar, Anna Gannet/I-9104-2012; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; Asmi, Ari/H-5658-2012; Aalto, Pasi/A-1539-2009; Swietlicki, Erik/B-9426-2014; Bukowiecki, Nicolas/D-1941-2009 OI Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Lund Myhre, Cathrine/0000-0003-3587-5926; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Hallar, Anna Gannet/0000-0001-9972-0056; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; Asmi, Ari/0000-0003-3933-4684; Aalto, Pasi/0000-0001-8826-9108; FU European Union [262254]; EU; NOAA Climate and Global Change Program; Finnish Center of Excellence in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Meteorology of Atmospheric Composition and Climate change; German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety [FE 370343200]; US National Science Foundation [AGS-0079486]; CNRS-INSU FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 262254 (ACTRIS) as well as from the EU FP6 project European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (EUSAAR) and the EU FP5 project Construction, use and delivery of an European aerosol database (CREATE). The GAW aerosol data are archived at and available from the World Data Centre for Aerosol (WDCA) located at the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). The GAW-WDCA data are hosted in the EBAS database (http://ebas.nilu.no/), an infrastructure shared with other frameworks targeting atmospheric aerosol properties, such as the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and the European Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research InfraStructure Network (ACTRIS). The ERA-INTERIM re-analysis data were obtained from the The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The GISS temperature trends are from http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/maps/. MSU data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program. Data are available at www.remss.com. The authors wish to thank the Finnish Centre for Scientific Computing (CSC) for computing resources. The support of the Finnish Center of Excellence in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Meteorology of Atmospheric Composition and Climate change is acknowledged. We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG), which made it possible to carry out the experiments at the High Altitude Research Station at the Jungfraujoch. The JFJ operational measurements were supported by MeteoSwiss within the Swiss program of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization. The measurements at Melpitz, as part of the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN), were co-funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety grant F&E 370343200 (Titles: "Erfassung der Zahl feiner und ultrafeiner Partikel in der Aussenluft" and "Trendanalysen gesundheitsgefahrdender Fein- und Ultrafeinstaubfraktionen unter Nutzung der im German Ultrafine Aerosol Network (GUAN) ermittelten Immissionsdaten durch Fortfuhrung und Interpretation der Messreihen"). W. B. thanks Birgit Wehner and Thomas Tuch for their involvement in collecting TDMPS data at Melpitz. The authors appreciate the dedication, commitment, and effort of Randolph Borys, Douglas Lowenthal, Ian McCubbin, and Peter Atkins towards the long-term measurements of aerosol concentration at Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL). Instrumentation at Storm Peak Laboratory used in this analysis was purchased via a grant AGS-0079486 from the US National Science Foundation. The authors would like to thank the numerous, but unfortunately unnamed technical and scientific staff members of the stations included in these analyses, working in the last decades to make the stations operable.; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 80 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 895 EP 916 DI 10.5194/acp-13-895-2013 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 079LP UT WOS:000314172200025 ER PT S AU Bodhak, S Kikuchi, M Oyane, A Sogo, Y Tsurushima, H Ito, A AF Bodhak, Subhadip Kikuchi, Masanori Oyane, Ayako Sogo, Yu Tsurushima, Hideo Ito, Atsuo BE Ishikawa, K Iwamoto, Y TI Calcium Phosphate Coated Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Nanocomposite Membrane for Surface-Mediated Gene Transfer SO BIOCERAMICS 24 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Symposium and Annual Meeting of International Society for Ceramics in Medicine (ISCM 2012) CY OCT 21-24, 2012 CL Fukuoka, JAPAN DE Hydroxyapatite/collagen nanocomposite membrane; Biomimetic process; Supersaturated solution; Calcium phosphate coating; Gene transfer ID SELF-ORGANIZATION MECHANISM; APATITE COMPOSITE LAYER; HIGHLY EFFICIENT AB Calcium phosphate (CaP) coating is an effective technique for surface functionalization of biomaterials. The objective of our research is to prepare calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings on a hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) nanocomposite and subsequently provide it with gene delivery function through the immobilization of DNA in the coating. We have specifically selected the HAp/Col nanocomposite since it has the high potential as bone substitutes due to its similar composition, nanostructure, and biological properties to those of human bone. CaP coatings consisting of different sized particles were prepared on the HAp/Col nanocomposite membrane by immersing it in supersaturaterd CaP solutions (so-called RKM solutions) with the varied Ca and P concentration levels. We immobilized DNA in the CaP coatings together with lipid and fibronectin by supplementing DNA, lipid, and fibronectin to the RKM solutions (DLF-RKM solutions). Gene transfer capability of the resulting HAp/Col nanocomposite membrane was improved with decreasing concentration level of the DLF-RKM solution. It was confirmed that the present CaP coating technique was effective in providing the HAp/Col nanocomposite membrane with gene transfer capability and that the Ca and P concentration level of the DLF-RKM solution was a controlling factor affecting the gene transfer efficiency. C1 [Bodhak, Subhadip] NIST, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Bodhak, Subhadip; Kikuchi, Masanori] Natl Inst Mat Sci NIMS, Int Ctr Mat Nanoarchitecton MANA, Biomat Unit, NanoBio Field, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Bodhak, Subhadip; Oyane, Ayako] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nanosystenn Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sogo, Yu; Ito, Atsuo] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Human Technol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Tsurushima, Hideo] Univ Tsukuba, Dept Neurosurgery, Med Clin, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Bodhak, S (reprint author), NIST, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM subhadip.bodhak@nist.gov; KIKUCHI.Masanori@nims.go.jp; a-oyane@aist.go.jp RI Bodhak, Subhadip/N-9882-2014 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) FX Authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) postdoctoral fellowship. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2013 VL 529-530 BP 490 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.529-530.490 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA BDT66 UT WOS:000314795800101 ER PT J AU Amornthammarong, N Zhang, JZ Ortner, PB Stamates, J Shoemaker, M Kindel, MW AF Amornthammarong, Natchanon Zhang, Jia-Zhong Ortner, Peter B. Stamates, Jack Shoemaker, Michael Kindel, Michael W. TI A portable analyser for the measurement of ammonium in marine waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; NATURAL-WATERS; NANOMOLAR CONCENTRATIONS; COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION; ESTUARINE WATERS; TRACE AMMONIUM; SEAWATER; EXPOSURE; NITRATE; REGENERATION AB A portable ammonium analyser was developed and used to measure in situ ammonium in the marine environment. The analyser incorporates an improved LED photodiode-based fluorescence detector (LPFD). This system is more sensitive and considerably smaller than previous systems and incorporates a pre-filtering subsystem enabling measurements in turbid, sediment-laden waters. Over the typical range for ammonium in marine waters (0-10 mu M), the response is linear (r(2) = 0.9930) with a limit of detection (S/N ratio > 3) of 10 nM. The working range for marine waters is 0.05-10 mu M. Repeatability is 0.3% (n = 10) at an ammonium level of 2 mu M. Results from automated operation in 15 min cycles over 16 days had good overall precision (RSD = 3%, n = 660). The system was field tested at three shallow South Florida sites. Diurnal cycles and possibly a tidal influence were expressed in the concentration variability observed. C1 [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Ortner, Peter B.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Zhang, Jia-Zhong; Stamates, Jack; Shoemaker, Michael] NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kindel, Michael W.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Inst Ocean & Syst Engn SeaTech, Dania, FL 33004 USA. RP Amornthammarong, N (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, CIMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM natchanon.amornthammarong@noaa.gov; Jia-Zhong.Zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011; Stamates, Jack/C-3597-2014 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865; Stamates, Jack/0000-0001-6771-1550 FU National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) [N000141010210]; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) [NA67RJ0149] FX Financial support for this study was provided by National Oceanographic Partnership Program (NOPP) #N000141010210. This research was carried out by the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) under Cooperative Agreement #NA67RJ0149 in collaboration with the Ocean Chemistry Division of NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the UM, NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. We thank Anne Michelle Wood for her willing assistance throughout. We also would like to thank the reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 3 BP 579 EP 584 DI 10.1039/c2em30793f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 096IV UT WOS:000315398300005 PM 23738356 ER PT J AU Melet, A Gourdeau, L Verron, J Djath, B AF Melet, Angelique Gourdeau, Lionel Verron, Jacques Djath, Bughsin TI Solomon Sea circulation and water mass modifications: response at ENSO timescales SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Ocean circulation; Southwest Pacific; El Nino Southern Oscillation; Interannual variability; Water mass modifications ID PACIFIC EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SOUTH-PACIFIC; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CONVERGENCE ZONE; COUPLED GCM; LA-NINA; TEMPERATURE AB The South Pacific low latitude western boundary currents (LLWBCs) carry waters of subtropical origin through the Solomon Sea before joining the equatorial Pacific. Changes in their properties or transport are assumed to impact El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics. At ENSO timescales, the LLWBCs transport tends to counterbalance the interior geostrophic one. When transiting through the complex geography of the Solomon Sea, the main LLWBC, the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent, cannot follow a unique simple route to the equator. Instead, its routes and water mass properties are influenced by the circulation occurring in the Solomon Sea. In this study, the response of the Solomon Sea circulation to ENSO is investigated based on a numerical simulation. The transport anomalies entering the Solomon Sea from the south are confined to the top 250 m of the water column, where they represent 7.5 Sv (based on ENSO composites) for a mean transport of 10 Sv. The induced circulation anomalies in the Solomon Sea are not symmetric between the two ENSO states because of (1) a bathymetric control at Vitiaz Strait, which plays a stronger role during El Nino, and (2) an additional inflow through Solomon Strait during La Nina events. In terms of temperature and salinity, modifications are particularly notable for the thermocline water during El Nino conditions, with cooler and fresher waters compared to the climatological mean. The surface water at Vitiaz Strait and the upper thermocline water at Solomon Strait, feeding respectively the equatorial Pacific warm pool and the Equatorial Undercurrent, particularly affect the heat and salt fluxes. These fluxes can change by up to a factor of 2 between extreme El Nino and La Nina conditions. C1 [Melet, Angelique; Verron, Jacques; Djath, Bughsin] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, UMR5519, LEGI, Grenoble, France. [Gourdeau, Lionel] Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, UMR5566, LEGOS, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Melet, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM angelique.melet@noaa.gov FU ANR [ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01]; GENCI-IDRIS [2010-011279]; Centre National d'Etude Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) FX This work is (co-)funded by the ANR project ANR-09-BLAN-0233-01; it is a contribution to the CLIVAR/SPICE International programme. The calculations were performed using HPC resources from GENCI-IDRIS (grant 2010-011279). We acknowledge the use of the ARIANE Lagrangian tool (http://www.univ-brest.fr/lpo/ariane/). We thank the two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments leading to improvements in the manuscript. This work was supported by the Centre National d'Etude Spatiales (CNES), the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 63 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1007/s10236-012-0582-0 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 095LW UT WOS:000315337000001 ER PT J AU Matthews, JL Fiscus, EL Smith, RC Heitman, JL AF Matthews, Jessica L. Fiscus, Edwin L. Smith, Ralph C. Heitman, Joshua L. TI Quantifying Plant Age and Available Water Effects on Soybean Leaf Conductance SO AGRONOMY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; USE EFFICIENCY; GAS-EXCHANGE; EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS; UNITED-STATES; COUPLED LEAF; ELEVATED CO2; SOIL-WATER AB Given the ever-present threat of drought and the knowledge that water availability is the strongest limiting factor in vegetation growth, it is important to characterize the effect of water limitations on agricultural production. In this study, a small field plot technique for controlling soil moisture content suitable for physiological research in moist, humid areas was tested. We characterized the effect of water stress on total leaf conductance (g(l)) for two distinct determinate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes. Based on these findings, a model of g(l) as a function of plant age and soil moisture content was formulated and validated. The dependency of g(l) on plant age was well represented by a parabolic function that increased throughout the vegetative period, peaked around anthesis, and decreased throughout the reproductive period and senescence. A sigmoidal function explained the relation of g(l) to plant-available soil water content. This new empirical model effectively quantifies the response of g(l) to plant-available soil water and plant age with a functional form similar to the abscisic acid related Tardieu-Davies model. C1 [Matthews, Jessica L.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Fiscus, Edwin L.] N Carolina State Univ, USDA, ARS, Plant Sci Res Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fiscus, Edwin L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Crop Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Smith, Ralph C.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Math, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Smith, Ralph C.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Res Sci Computat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Heitman, Joshua L.] N Carolina State Univ, Dep Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Matthews, JL (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM jessica.matthews@noaa.gov RI Matthews, Jessica/D-5478-2014; OI Matthews, Jessica L./0000-0002-6968-3474 FU USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit CRIS [6645-11000-008-00D] FX Funding for E.L. Fiscus was through the USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit CRIS no. 6645-11000-008-00D. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC AGRONOMY PI MADISON PA 677 S SEGOE RD, MADISON, WI 53711 USA SN 0002-1962 J9 AGRON J JI Agron. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 105 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.2134/agronj2012.0263 PG 9 WC Agronomy SC Agriculture GA 087FT UT WOS:000314747400004 ER PT J AU Thompson, RQ Christopher, SJ AF Thompson, Robert Q. Christopher, Steven J. TI Novel separation for the determination of cadmium by isotope dilution ICP-MS in samples containing high concentrations of molybdenum and tin SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID LEAD; THIOUREA AB A four-step matrix reduction procedure, beginning with thiourea-based solid phase extraction, was developed for the determination of cadmium in difficult sample matrixes by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The separation scheme reduced the concentrations of tin and molybdenum, significant spectral interference sources for cadmium, from mg kg(-1) levels to mu g kg(-1) and sub-mu g kg(-1) levels respectively, making possible interference-free measurement of cadmium and facilitating isotope dilution quantification. Cadmium recovery through the matrix reduction procedure was 78%. The effectiveness of the method was shown by application to NIST SRMs 1568a Rice Flour and 2703 Marine Sediment. C1 [Thompson, Robert Q.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Christopher, Steven J.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Thompson, RQ (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM robert.q.thompson@oberlin.edu FU NIST FX The first author (RQT) thanks Oberlin College for a sabbatical leave during 2011-12 and NIST for providing support to conduct research at its Charleston SC facility (Hollings Marine Laboratory). RQT also thanks Alison O'Connor for confirming some of the findings presented in this work. Both authors thank Karen Murphy, NIST-Gaithersburg, for helpful comments on the experimental work and initial manuscript. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 5 BP 1346 EP 1351 DI 10.1039/c2ay26212f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 089EP UT WOS:000314892900035 ER PT J AU Possolo, A AF Possolo, Antonio TI Five examples of assessment and expression of measurement uncertainty SO APPLIED STOCHASTIC MODELS IN BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Article DE measurement uncertainty; Bayesian inference; metrology; parametric bootstrap; random effects; error propagation; geostatistics ID KEY COMPARISON DATA; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTIONS; GEOSTATISTICS; WINBUGS; PACKAGE AB It is a long-accepted tenet of scientific practice that every measurement result ought to include a statement of uncertainty associated with the measured value. Such uncertainty should also be propagated to functions of the measured values. It is also widely recognized that probability distributions are well suited to express measurement uncertainty and that statistical methods are the choice vehicles to produce uncertainty assessments incorporating information in empirical data as well as other relevant information, either about the quantity that is the object of measurement or about the techniques or apparatuses used in measurement.Statistical models and methods of statistical inference provide the technical machinery necessary to evaluate and propagate measurement uncertainty. Some of these models and methods are illustrated in five examples: (i) measurement of the refractive index of a glass prism (employing a venerable formula due to Gauss, as well as contemporary Monte Carlo methods); (ii) measurement of the mass fraction of arsenic in oyster tissue using data from an inter-laboratory study (introducing a Bayesian hierarchical model with adaptive tail heaviness); (iii) measurement of the relative viscosity increment of a solution of sucrose in water (using a copula); (iv) mapping measurements of radioactivity in the area of Fukushima, Japan (via both local regression and kriging, and explaining how model uncertainty may be evaluated); and (v) combining expert opinions about the flow rate of oil during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill into the Gulf of Mexico (via linear or logarithmic pooling). Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Possolo, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antonio.possolo@nist.gov NR 70 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1524-1904 J9 APPL STOCH MODEL BUS JI Appl. Stoch. Models. Bus. Ind. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1002/asmb.1947 PG 18 WC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA 090JD UT WOS:000314974400001 ER PT J AU Walker, JT Jones, MR Bash, JO Myles, L Meyers, T Schwede, D Herrick, J Nemitz, E Robarge, W AF Walker, J. T. Jones, M. R. Bash, J. O. Myles, L. Meyers, T. Schwede, D. Herrick, J. Nemitz, E. Robarge, W. TI Processes of ammonia air-surface exchange in a fertilized Zea mays canopy SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID N-(N-BUTYL) THIOPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE; BOWEN-RATIO TECHNIQUE; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; COMPENSATION POINT; APPLIED UREA; FLUXES; SOILS; VOLATILIZATION; LEAVES AB Recent incorporation of coupled soil biogeochemical and bi-directional NH3 air-surface exchange algorithms into regional air quality models holds promise for further reducing uncertainty in estimates of NH3 emissions from fertilized soils. While this represents a significant advancement over previous approaches, the evaluation and improvement of such modeling systems for fertilized crops requires process-level field measurements over extended periods of time that capture the range of soil, vegetation, and atmospheric conditions that drive short-term (i.e., post-fertilization) and total growing season NH3 fluxes. This study examines the processes of NH3 air-surface exchange in a fertilized corn (Zea mays) canopy over the majority of a growing season to characterize soil emissions after fertilization and investigate soil-canopy interactions. Micrometeorological flux measurements above the canopy, measurements of soil, leaf apoplast and dew/guttation chemistry, and a combination of in-canopy measurements, inverse source/sink, and resistance modeling were employed. Over a period of approximately 10 weeks following fertilization, daily mean and median net canopy-scale fluxes yielded cumulative total N losses of 8.4% and 6.1 %, respectively, of the 134 kg N ha(-1) surface applied to the soil as urea ammonium nitrate (UAN). During the first month after fertilization, daily mean emission fluxes were positively correlated with soil temperature and soil volumetric water. Diurnally, maximum hourly average fluxes of approximate to 700 ng N m(-2) s(-1) occurred near mid-day, coincident with the daily maximum in friction velocity. Net emission was still observed 5 to 10 weeks after fertilization, although midday peak fluxes had declined to approximate to 125 ng N m(-2) s(-1). A key finding of the surface chemistry measurements was the observation of high pH (7.0-8.5) in leaf dew/guttation, which reduced the ability of the canopy to recapture soil emissions during wet periods. In-canopy measurements near peak leaf area index (LAI) indicated that the concentration of NH3 just above the soil surface was highly positively correlated with soil volumetric water, which likely reflects the influence of soil moisture on resistance to gaseous diffusion through the soil profile and hydrolysis of remaining urea. Inverse source/sink and resistance modeling indicated that the canopy recaptured approximate to 76% of soil emissions near peak LAI. Stomatal uptake may account for 12-34% of total uptake by foliage during the day compared to 66-88% deposited to the cuticle. Future process-level NH3 studies in fertilized cropping systems should focus on the temporal dynamics of net emission to the atmosphere from fertilization to peak LAI and improvement of soil and cuticular resistance parameterizations. C1 [Walker, J. T.; Jones, M. R.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Bash, J. O.; Schwede, D.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Myles, L.; Meyers, T.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Herrick, J.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Jones, M. R.; Nemitz, E.] CEH, Penicuik EH26 0QB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Robarge, W.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Walker, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM walker.johnt@epa.gov RI Bash, Jesse/E-9688-2013; Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; Walker, John/I-8880-2014; Myles, LaToya/Q-2470-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Walker, John/0000-0001-6034-7514; FU USDA CSREES Air Quality Program [35112]; US EPA Office of Research and Development; European project ECLAIRE ("Effects of climate change on air pollution impacts and response strategies for European ecosystems") FX We appreciate the field support of David Kirchgessner (US EPA), Wayne Fowler (US EPA), Alf Wall (US EPA), Lauren Elich (US EPA), Aleksandra Njegovan (North Carolina State University), Mark Barnes (North Carolina State University), Mark Heuer (NOAA), Mary Hicks (US EPA), Laureen Gunter (NOAA) and the laboratory support of Guillermo Ramirez (North Carolina State University) and Simone Klemenz (NOAA). This work was funded by USDA CSREES Air Quality Program Grant No. 35112 and the US EPA Office of Research and Development. Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the Agency. Eiko Nemitz received additional funding through the European project ECLAIRE ("Effects of climate change on air pollution impacts and response strategies for European ecosystems"). NR 47 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 2 BP 981 EP 998 DI 10.5194/bg-10-981-2013 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 092BE UT WOS:000315093000022 ER PT J AU Kruk, MC Marra, JJ Ruggiero, P Atkinson, D Merrifield, M Levinson, D Lander, M AF Kruk, Michael C. Marra, John J. Ruggiero, Peter Atkinson, David Merrifield, Mark Levinson, David Lander, Mark TI PACIFIC STORMS CLIMATOLOGY PRODUCTS (PSCP) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EXTREMES; TRENDS C1 [Kruk, Michael C.] ERT Corp, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Marra, John J.] NOAA, Integrated Data & Environm Applicat Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Ruggiero, Peter] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Atkinson, David] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Atkinson, David] Univ Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada. [Merrifield, Mark] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Levinson, David] US Forest Serv, USDA, Redding, CA USA. [Lander, Mark] Univ Guam, Mangilao, GU USA. RP Kruk, MC (reprint author), ERT Corp, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM michael.kruk@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 94 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00075.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 087QG UT WOS:000314776500003 ER PT J AU Haltuch, MA Hamel, OS Piner, KR McDonald, P Kastelle, CR Field, JC AF Haltuch, Melissa A. Hamel, Owen S. Piner, Kevin R. McDonald, Patrick Kastelle, Craig R. Field, John C. TI A California Current bomb radiocarbon reference chronology and petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) age validation SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-METHODS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; OTOLITHS; ROCKFISH; ACCURACY; OREGON; GROWTH; COAST; FISH; C-14 AB As petrale sole (Eopsetta jordani) is a valuable groundfish harvested in the California Current, proper ageing is important for its assessment and management. This study presents the first bomb radiocarbon reference chronology for the California Current and petrale sole age validation. Break-and-burn and surface ages are negatively biased by approximately 1 year and 2-3 years, respectively. The reference and validation curves are more variable and show a lag in the rate of radiocarbon increase in comparison to most other time series of bomb radiocarbon in marine systems. Upwelling in the California Current produces a lagged rate of increase in radiocarbon levels owing to the introduction and mixing of radiocarbon-depleted deep waters with surface waters that interact with the atmosphere. The variable and lagged rate of radiocarbon increase in the petrale sole data may be due to their spending a substantial portion of their first year of life in areas subject to variable upwelling, illustrating the importance of using reference curves for age validation that are region and species specific when possible. C1 [Haltuch, Melissa A.; Hamel, Owen S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Piner, Kevin R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [McDonald, Patrick] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Ageing Lab, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kastelle, Craig R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Field, John C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Haltuch, MA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM melissa.haltuch@noaa.gov OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 13 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2011-0504 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088KL UT WOS:000314833000004 ER PT J AU Dougherty, DT Hilborn, R Punt, AE Stewart, IJ AF Dougherty, Dawn T. Hilborn, Ray Punt, Andre E. Stewart, Ian J. TI Modeling co-occurring species: a simulation study on the effects of spatial scale for setting management targets SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE STOCKS; COMMON FISHERY; ROCKFISH; EXPLOITATION; CALIFORNIA; IMPACTS AB Many species of marine fish are found in similar habitats and display similar vulnerability to fishing pressure, although their sustainable exploitation rates may differ considerably. Managing and setting harvest limits is challenging for such co-occurring species because the management targets for the less productive species may affect the fishing opportunities for the more productive species. We used simulation modeling to explore the effects of setting multi-species management targets and harvest regulations at local area or coast-wide levels. Setting management targets over the entire coast, and identifying optimal harvest rates within each local area, consistently led to the same or higher yields than setting management targets for each area. Essentially, the global conservation goal can be achieved by protecting areas in which the less productive species is abundant and by taking most of the harvest from other areas. The increases in yield do not increase the coast-wide probabilities of either species being overfished or severely depleted, but do increase these probabilities at the local area level for the less productive species. These results are magnified with increased spatial variation in the ratio of abundance and differences in intrinsic rates of growth among the fished species. C1 [Dougherty, Dawn T.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hilborn, Ray; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stewart, Ian J.] Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Dougherty, DT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 352182, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM ddougherty@bren.ucsb.edu RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013; OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NOAA Fisheries grant [NA04NMF4550330] FX We thank Brandon Chasco for technical guidance and support with computer programming. We also thank Owen Hamel for review and comment on the modeling process and results. D. T. D. acknowledges funding through NOAA Fisheries grant NA04NMF4550330. We thank three reviewers for their useful comments on an earlier version of the paper. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0042 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088KL UT WOS:000314833000006 ER PT J AU McCormick, SD Sheehan, TF Bjornsson, BT Lipsky, C Kocik, JF Regish, AM O'Dea, MF AF McCormick, Stephen D. Sheehan, Timothy F. Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur Lipsky, Christine Kocik, John F. Regish, Amy M. O'Dea, Michael F. TI Physiological and endocrine changes in Atlantic salmon smolts during hatchery rearing, downstream migration, and ocean entry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE LEVELS; PITUITARY GENE-EXPRESSION; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; SALAR POST-SMOLTS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FACTOR-I; SEAWATER ADAPTATION; INCREASED DAYLENGTH; COASTAL MIGRATION AB Billions of hatchery salmon smolts are released annually in an attempt to mitigate anthropogenic impacts on freshwater habitats, often with limited success. Mortality of wild and hatchery fish is high during downstream and early ocean migration. To understand changes that occur during migration, we examined physiological and endocrine changes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts during hatchery rearing, downstream migration, and early ocean entry in two successive years. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity increased in the hatchery during spring, increased further after river release, and was slightly lower after recapture in the ocean. Plasma growth hormone levels increased in the hatchery, were higher in the river, and increased further in the ocean. Plasma IGF-I remained relatively constant in the hatchery, increased in the river, then decreased in the ocean. Plasma thyroid hormones were variable in the hatchery, but increased in both river-and ocean-captured smolts. Naturally reared fish had lower condition factor, gill NKA activity, and plasma thyroxine than hatchery fish in the river but were similar in the ocean. This novel data set provides a vital first step in understanding the role and norms of endocrine function in smolts and the metrics of successful marine entry. C1 [McCormick, Stephen D.; Regish, Amy M.; O'Dea, Michael F.] USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Sheehan, Timothy F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur] Univ Gothenburg, Fish Endocrinol Lab, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Lipsky, Christine; Kocik, John F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP McCormick, SD (reprint author), USGS, Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. EM smccormick@usgs.gov OI Bjornsson, Bjorn Thrandur/0000-0002-1310-9756 NR 54 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 60 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 105 EP 118 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0151 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088KL UT WOS:000314833000012 ER PT J AU Larson, WA Utter, FM Myers, KW Templin, WD Seeb, JE Guthrie, CM Bugaev, AV Seeb, LW AF Larson, Wesley A. Utter, Fred M. Myers, Katherine W. Templin, William D. Seeb, James E. Guthrie, Charles M., III Bugaev, Alexander V. Seeb, Lisa W. TI Single-nucleotide polymorphisms reveal distribution and migration of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC STOCK IDENTIFICATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHUM SALMON; NONMODEL ORGANISMS; ALASKA; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; DNA; INSIGHTS; MANAGEMENT AB We genotyped Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean for 43 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate seasonal distribution and migration patterns. We analyzed 3563 immature fish from 22 spatiotemporal strata; composition analyses were performed using genotype data from spawning stocks spanning the species range. Substantial variation in stock composition existed among spatial and seasonal strata. We inferred patterns of seasonal migration based upon these data along with data from previous tag, scale, and parasite studies. We found that stocks from western Alaska and Yukon River overwinter on the Alaska continental shelf then travel to the middle and western Bering Sea during spring-fall. Stocks from California to Southeast Alaska were distributed in Gulf of Alaska year-round, with a substantial portion of this group migrating northward to the eastern Bering Sea during spring-fall. Proportions of Russian stocks increase when moving east to west in both the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. These data can be used to better understand the impacts of fisheries and climate change on this valuable resource. C1 [Larson, Wesley A.; Utter, Fred M.; Myers, Katherine W.; Seeb, James E.; Seeb, Lisa W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Templin, William D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Guthrie, Charles M., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Bugaev, Alexander V.] KamchatNIR, Kamchatka Fishery & Oceanog Res Inst, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683602, Russia. RP Seeb, LW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St,Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM lseeb@uw.edu FU H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence (University of Washington); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) groundfish fishery observers and the officers, crews, and scientists of the Wakatake maru, Hokko maru, and TINRO for collection of the samples. The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission's Research Planning and Coordination Group (RPCG) and Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) Working Group coordinated the exchange of high seas research vessel samples and data. The North Pacific Groundfish Observer (OBS) Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center (AFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), and NOAA provided scale samples and associated data collected from groundfish fishery observers. Additional scale samples from the bycatch in the Bering Sea pollock fishery were provided by John Gruver of United Catcher Boats. A large number of colleagues helped to make this study a success, including Andrew Barclay and Judy Berger, Alaska Department of Fish and Game; and Carita Pascal, Robert Hall, Robert Walker, Janet Armstrong, and Nancy Davis, University of Washington. WAL was supported by the H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence (University of Washington). Funding for this project was provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through a grant to JES and LWS. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the US Department of Commerce, or the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 128 EP 141 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0233 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 088KL UT WOS:000314833000014 ER PT J AU Duan, X Yu, JC Cai, JF He, YB Wu, CD Zhou, W Yildirim, T Zhang, ZJ Xiang, SC O'Keeffe, M Chen, BL Qian, GD AF Duan, Xing Yu, Jiancan Cai, Jianfeng He, Yabing Wu, Chuande Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner Zhang, Zhangjing Xiang, Shengchang O'Keeffe, Michael Chen, Banglin Qian, Guodong TI A microporous metal-organic framework of a rare sty topology for high CH4 storage at room temperature SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POROUS COORDINATION POLYMER; HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; METHANE STORAGE; HIGH-CAPACITY; PORE-SIZE; SITES; HYDROGEN; CO2; SEPARATION; POROSITY AB A rare sty type microporous metal-organic framework, Cu-2(FDDI) (ZJU-25; H4FDDI = tetramethyl 5,5'-(9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)diisophthalate acid), was solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. With open metal sites and suitable pore space for their interactions with methane molecules, ZJU-25a exhibits absolute methane storage of 180 cm(3)(STP) cm(-3) at room temperature and 35 bar, enabling it to be one of the very few porous MOFs whose methane storage capacities have met and/or approached the DOE target of 180 cm(3)(STP) cm(-3) for material-based methane storage. C1 [Duan, Xing; Yu, Jiancan; Cai, Jianfeng; Chen, Banglin; Qian, Guodong] Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [He, Yabing; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wu, Chuande] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhang, Zhangjing; Xiang, Shengchang] Fujian Normal Univ, Fujian Prov Key Lab Polymer Mat, Fuzhou 350007, Cangshang Regio, Peoples R China. [O'Keeffe, Michael] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Qian, GD (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. EM wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu; gdqian@zju.edu.cn RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Qian, Guodong/A-5034-2012; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Zhang, Zhangjing/P-2680-2014; Wu, Chuan-De/B-7546-2013; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; Yu, Jiancan/F-6408-2015 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Zhang, Zhangjing/0000-0003-1264-7648; Yu, Jiancan/0000-0001-9723-6113 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51010002, 51272231, 51229201]; National Science Foundation [CHE 0718281]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; DOE BES Grant [DE-FG02-08 ER 46522] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 51010002, 51272231 and 51229201), Grant CHE 0718281 from the National Science Foundation, and Grant AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (B.C.). T. Y. acknowledges support from the DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08 ER 46522. NR 52 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 5 U2 154 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 20 BP 2043 EP 2045 DI 10.1039/c3cc38765h PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 087RP UT WOS:000314780200017 PM 23385349 ER PT J AU Sagdeev, DI Fomina, MG Mukhamedzyanov, GK Abdulagatov, IM AF Sagdeev, D. I. Fomina, M. G. Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh. Abdulagatov, I. M. TI Experimental Study of the Density and Viscosity of n-Heptane at Temperatures from 298 K to 470 K and Pressure upto 245 MPa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Density; Falling-body method; Hydrostatic weighing method; n-heptane; Tait equation of state; Viscosity; VTF correlation model ID EXCESS MOLAR VOLUMES; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; 100 DEGREES C; BINARY-MIXTURE PROPERTIES; PLUS ALKANE SYSTEMS; EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEXES; ELEVATED PRESSURES; ISENTROPIC COMPRESSIBILITIES AB The density and viscosity of -heptane have been simultaneously measured over the temperature range from 298 K to 470 K and at pressures up to 245 MPa using the hydrostatic weighing and falling-body techniques, respectively. The expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and viscosity measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of is estimated to be 0.15 % to 0.30 %, 0.05 %, 0.02 K, and 1.5 % to 2.0 % (depending on temperature and pressure ranges), respectively. The measured densities were used to develop a Tait-type equation of state for liquid -heptane. Theoretically based Arrhenius-Andrade and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher type equations with pressure-dependent coefficients were used to describe the temperature and pressure dependences of the measured viscosities for liquid -heptane. The measured values of the density and viscosity were compared in detail with reported data and with the values calculated from a reference EOS and correlation models for the viscosity. C1 [Sagdeev, D. I.; Fomina, M. G.; Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh.] Kazan State Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Geothermal Res Inst, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 277 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 35 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 1 EP 33 DI 10.1007/s10765-012-1373-z PG 33 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 087QJ UT WOS:000314776800001 ER PT J AU He, YB Xiang, SC Zhang, ZJ Xiong, SS Wu, CD Zhou, W Yildirim, T Krishna, R Chen, BL AF He, Yabing Xiang, Shengchang Zhang, Zhangjing Xiong, Shunshun Wu, Chuande Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner Krishna, Rajamani Chen, Banglin TI A microporous metal-organic framework assembled from an aromatic tetracarboxylate for H-2 purification SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HIGHLY SELECTIVE SEPARATION; PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION; HYDROGEN STORAGE; GAS-UPTAKE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; HIGH-CAPACITY; CO2 UPTAKE; SITES AB A NbO-type metal-organic framework UTSA-40 constructed from a novel aromatic tetracarboxylate has been synthesized and structurally characterized. With open metal sites, suitable pore spaces and a moderate BET surface area of 1630 m(2) g(-1) for the recognition of CO2 and CH4, the activated UTSA-40a has the potential for use in H-2 purification processes conducted in fixed bed adsorbers, with higher productivities and lower regeneration costs than those obtained with conventionally used NaX and LTA-5A zeolites when operating at higher pressure. Furthermore, its regeneration cost is also lower than that of the examined MOFs MgMOF-74 and Cu-TDPAT despite its lower productivity. C1 [He, Yabing; Xiong, Shunshun; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Xiang, Shengchang; Zhang, Zhangjing] Fujian Normal Univ, Fujian Prov Key Lab Polymer Mat, Fuzhou 350007, Cangshang Regio, Peoples R China. [Wu, Chuande] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Krishna, Rajamani] Univ Amsterdam, vant Hoff Inst Mol Sci, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP He, YB (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM r.krishna@uva.nl; Banglin.Chen@utsa.edu RI Krishna, Rajamani/A-1098-2012; Xiang, Shengchang/F-9210-2010; Zhang, Zhangjing/P-2680-2014; Wu, Chuan-De/B-7546-2013; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012 OI Krishna, Rajamani/0000-0002-4784-8530; Xiang, Shengchang/0000-0001-6016-2587; Zhang, Zhangjing/0000-0003-1264-7648; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; DOE BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by an AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC). T.Y. acknowledges support from the DOE BES Grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 70 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 88 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 7 BP 2543 EP 2551 DI 10.1039/c2ta01260j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 085VT UT WOS:000314643100025 ER PT J AU Ramanathan, M Lokitz, BS Messman, JM Stafford, CM Kilbey, SM AF Ramanathan, Muruganathan Lokitz, Bradley S. Messman, Jamie M. Stafford, Christopher M. Kilbey, S. Michael, II TI Spontaneous wrinkling in azlactone-based functional polymer thin films in 2D and 3D geometries for guided nanopatterning SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION; SILICON; MECHANICS; PATTERNS AB We report a simple, one step process for developing wrinkling patterns in azlactone-based polymer thin films and brushes on 2D and 3D surfaces. The polymer used in this work wrinkles spontaneously upon deposition and solidification on a substrate without applying any external strain to the substrate, with the mode of deposition defining the direction of the wrinkles. Wrinkle formation is shown to occur on a variety of substrates over large areas. We also find that a very thin brush-like layer of an azlactone-containing block copolymer also exhibits wrinkled topology. Given the spontaneity and versatility of wrinkle formation, we further demonstrate two proofs-of-concept, (i) that these periodic wrinkled structures are not limited to planar surfaces, but are also developed in complex geometries including tubes, cones and other 3D structures; and (ii) that this one step wrinkling process can be used to guide the deposition of metal nanoparticles and quantum dots, creating a periodic, nanopatterned film. C1 [Ramanathan, Muruganathan; Lokitz, Bradley S.; Messman, Jamie M.; Kilbey, S. Michael, II] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CNMS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kilbey, S. Michael, II] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ramanathan, M (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CNMS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM nmr@ornl.gov RI Lokitz, Bradley/Q-2430-2015 OI Lokitz, Bradley/0000-0002-1229-6078 FU Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX This research was conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2013 VL 1 IS 11 BP 2097 EP 2101 DI 10.1039/c3tc00946g PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 093CK UT WOS:000315169100003 ER PT J AU Lucon, E AF Lucon, Enrico TI Effect of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) on Charpy Test Results from Miniaturized Steel Specimens SO JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE electrical discharge machining; milling; miniaturized Charpy test; KLST specimen; recast layer; hardening; microcracks ID MATERIAL DAMAGE EVALUATION; MN-AL ALLOY; IMPACT PROPERTIES; TOOL STEELS; SURFACE; SUBSIZE; MODELS AB Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a manufacturing process whereby a desired shape is obtained through electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece, which are separated by a dielectric fluid. EDM produces a recast layer on the surface of the workpiece, which in carbon steels is typically harder and more brittle than the base metal, and is often characterized by microcracks. This type of damage, particularly in the notch region of a steel specimen, can adversely affect impact test results. The objective of this investigation is to assess the possible influence of EDM on miniaturized Charpy test results. We tested Kleinstprobe (KLST)-type Charpy specimens of two reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels, machined with different combinations of two machining processes (EDM and milling). Comparison of the impact results, combined with metallographic observations and microhardness measurements on the recast layers and the base metals, indicated no detrimental effect of EDM on the impact toughness of the materials investigated. The maximum thickness of the recast layer was about 16 pm, and the magnitude of the EDM-induced hardening varied between 34% and 84% with respect to the hardness of the base material, depending on the carbon content of the steel. No microcracks were observed. C1 [Lucon, Enrico] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lucon, Enrico] CEN SCK, Belgian Nucl Ctr, Inst Nucl Mat Sci, Mech Testing Lab, B-2400 Mol, Belgium. RP Lucon, E (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM enrico.lucon@nist.gov OI Lucon, Enrico/0000-0002-3021-4785 NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0090-3973 J9 J TEST EVAL JI J. Test. Eval. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 41 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1520/JTE20120195 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 090VW UT WOS:000315009100001 ER PT J AU Bohnenstiehl, DR Dziak, RP Matsumoto, H Lau, TKA AF Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. Dziak, Robert P. Matsumoto, Haru Lau, T. -K. Andy TI Underwater acoustic records from the March 2009 eruption of Hunga Ha'apai-Hunga Tonga volcano in the Kingdom of Tonga SO JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Hunga Ha'apai-Hunga Tonga Volcano; Surtseyan eruption; Acoustics; Hydrophone monitoring; Arc volcanism ID BACK-ARC BASIN; INDIAN-OCEAN; T-WAVES; EARTHQUAKES; EXCITATION; NOISE; MAGMA; RIDGE; AMPLITUDE; PHASES AB A network of autonomous underwater hydrophones is used to monitor acoustic activity associated with Hunga Ha'apai-Hunga Tonga volcano during a period of 15 months. The data provide a continuous record spanning a surtseyan eruption (VEI 2) in March of 2009, which input similar to 10(13) J of acoustic energy into the ocean soundscape. In the months before the eruption, the volcano can be identified as an intermittent source of ambient noise. The period of seismic unrest that precedes the eruption begins at 15:11 UTC on 16 March (04:11 LT on 17 March), approximately 7 h before the first satellite confirmation of eruptive activity and 14 h before the first eyewitness reports. The initial seismic activity, which includes a single 4.8 m(b) event at 15:25, evolves as a typical foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence. By 15:38, however, the rate of small earthquakes begins to increase, marking the onset of the seismic swarm. The period of highest-amplitude acoustic energy release between 16:40 and similar to 17:10 is interpreted to mark the opening of the volcanic conduit. By 19:00 on 16 March, the acoustic signature of the volcano is marked by a continuous wide-band (1-20 Hz) noise and a set of transient very-broadband (1-125 Hz) explosion signals. This activity is characteristic of the main surtseyan phase of the eruption. Both the intensity of explosions and the amplitude of the lower frequency wide-band noise decay through time, and eruptive activity likely ends at similar to 09:00 on 19 March, similar to 2.7 days after the initiation of seismic activity. At this time the continuous low frequency noise decays to near back-ground levels and signal coherence drops suddenly. Low-level acoustic unrest persists through June of 2009, after which the volcano becomes acoustically dormant during the remaining ten months of monitoring. The analysis of volcano-acoustic signals associated with Hunga Ha'apai-Hunga Tonga volcano highlights the potential role of regional hydroacoustic monitoring in assessing volcanic hazards in arc settings. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haru; Lau, T. -K. Andy] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haru; Lau, T. -K. Andy] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bohnenstiehl, DR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM drbohnen@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0825295, OCE-1029278] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Marcus G. Langseth, R/V Roger Revelle and R/V Kilo Moana. Critical to the success of this project were NOAA field technicians J. Shanley and M. Fowler, who oversaw the mooring deployment and recovery efforts, and NCSU graduate students J. Bowman, K Cook, P. Monigle, J. O'Connor, C. Scheip, and K. Warren. The manuscript was improved based on the detailed comments provided by Dr. Won Sang Lee and an anonymous reviewer; their efforts are gratefully acknowledged. This is NOAA-PMEL contribution # 3892. The work was supported by the National Science Foundation grants OCE-0825295 and OCE-1029278. NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0273 J9 J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES JI J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 249 BP 12 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.08.014 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 079WW UT WOS:000314203900002 ER PT J AU Duncan, C Goldstein, T Hearne, C Gelatt, T Spraker, T AF Duncan, Colleen Goldstein, Tracey Hearne, Carol Gelatt, Tom Spraker, Terry TI Novel Polyomaviral Infection in the Placenta of a Northern Fur Seal (Callorhinus ursinus) on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Callorhinus ursinus; northern fur seal; Orthopolyomavirus; placenta ID ST-PAUL ISLAND; DECLINE; AGENT; BIRDS AB Viruses of the family Polyomaviridae infect a wide variety of avian and mammalian hosts with a broad spectrum of outcomes including asymptomatic infection, acute systemic disease, and tumor induction. In 2010, intranuclear viral inclusion bodies were identified in trophoblasts of a single northern fur seal (NFS; Callorhinus ursinus) placenta from a presumed healthy birth on St. Paul Island, Alaska. On transmission electron microscopy, virions were approximately 40 nm in diameter and were arranged in paracrystalline arrays within the nucleus. The tissue was positive for the polyomaviral major capsid gene (VP1) by PCR, and the sequenced product revealed a novel Orthopolyomavirus. Twenty-nine additional NFS placentas, devoid of viral inclusions on histologic examination, were tested for polyomavirus by PCR; all were negative. The significance of this novel virus for the infected animal is unknown, but the virus does not appear to be very prevalent within the placentas from newborn northern fur seal pups. C1 [Duncan, Colleen; Spraker, Terry] Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Goldstein, Tracey] Univ Calif Davis, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hearne, Carol] Univ Wyoming, Wyoming State Vet Lab, Dept Vet Sci, Laramie, WY 82070 USA. [Gelatt, Tom] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Ecosyst Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Duncan, C (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Vet Diagnost Lab, 300 W Drake Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM colleen.duncan@colostate.edu NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.7589/2012-04-101 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 070UM UT WOS:000313538100018 PM 23307383 ER PT J AU Pierson, JJ Frost, BW Leising, AW AF Pierson, James J. Frost, Bruce W. Leising, Andrew W. TI Foray foraging behavior: seasonally variable, food-driven migratory behavior in two calanoid copepod species SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Foraging behavior; Vertical migration; Calanus pacificus; Metridia pacifica; Gut contents ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; DABOB BAY; METRIDIA-LUCENS; PSEUDOCALANUS-NEWMANI; MARINE COPEPOD; LIFE-HISTORIES; PACIFICUS; ZOOPLANKTON; WASHINGTON; FINMARCHICUS AB We tested a hypothesis we termed 'foray foraging', which states that zooplankton make repeated short-term and short-distance migrations between food-rich surface layers and deeper layers throughout the night. Ultimately, the reason for the behavior is to balance the necessity of feeding with the predation risk in surface waters. We tested the hypothesis on 2 species of marine copepods, Calanus pacificus and Metridia pacifica, in Dabob Bay, Washington, USA. Zooplankton nets and traps were used to collect females of both species from specific layers and while migrating up into and down out of the surface mixed layer to determine turnover rates in the surface layer. Gut contents of individuals were measured to determine if feeding history varied between individuals caught migrating upward and downward or in different layers. Turnover rates of the surface layer were highly variable, ranging from near zero to over 1000%, and were higher in summer and autumn than in spring for both species. Gut contents were consistently higher in animals migrating downward than in those migrating upward, but overall gut contents were higher in spring than in summer or autumn. These results suggest that foray behavior varies in magnitude seasonally and occurs throughout the year for both species but is most pronounced for M. pacifica. These findings suggest that vertical migration behaviors occurring in periods shorter than diel scales may affect zooplankton population dynamics through feeding and predation and likely impact the flux of energy and material into and out of the surface mixed layer. C1 [Pierson, James J.] UMCES, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Frost, Bruce W.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Leising, Andrew W.] NOAA SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Pierson, JJ (reprint author), UMCES, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM jpierson@umces.edu RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0525943] FX The authors thank M. Nuwer, J. Postel, and D. Thoreson, who were instrumental in development of the trap systems used here; R. McQuin and N. Hix of the RV 'Clifford A. Barnes' for their support of the work; numerous cruise volunteers, who assisted with the field work; and 3 anonymous reviewers, who provided constructive feedback. This work was supported by National Science Foundation grant OCE-0525943 and is UMCES contribution 4717. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 475 BP 49 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10116 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 089UH UT WOS:000314935000004 ER PT J AU Kallaher, RL Latham, CA Sharifi, F AF Kallaher, R. L. Latham, C. A. Sharifi, F. TI An apparatus for concurrent measurement of thermoelectric material parameters SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENTS; SEEBECK COEFFICIENT; BISMUTH TELLURIDE; TEMPERATURE; MERIT; THERMOPOWER; DEVICES; FIGURE; HEAT AB We describe an apparatus which concurrently and independently measures the parameters determining thermoelectric material conversion efficiency: the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and electrical resistivity. The apparatus is designed to characterize thermoelectric materials which are technologically relevant for waste heat energy conversion, and may operate from room temperature to 400 degrees C. It is configured so the heat flux is axially confined along two boron nitride rods of known thermal conductance. The Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity are obtained in steady-state using a differential technique, while the electrical resistivity is obtained using a four-point lock-in amplification method. Measurements on the newly developed NIST Seebeck standard reference material are presented in the temperature range from 50 degrees C to 250 degrees C. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789311] C1 [Kallaher, R. L.; Latham, C. A.; Sharifi, F.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kallaher, RL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fred.sharifi@nist.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 AR 013907 DI 10.1063/1.4789311 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 086ZH UT WOS:000314729100039 PM 23387668 ER PT J AU Longobardi, L Bennett, DA Patel, V Chen, W Lukens, JE AF Longobardi, Luigi Bennett, Douglas A. Patel, Vijay Chen, Wei Lukens, James E. TI Microstrip filters for measurement and control of superconducting qubits SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE ELECTRONICS; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTION; CIRCUITS AB Careful filtering is necessary for observations of quantum phenomena in superconducting circuits at low temperatures. Measurements of coherence between quantum states require extensive filtering to protect against noise coupled from room temperature electronics. We demonstrate distributed transmission line filters which cut off exponentially at GHz frequencies and can be anchored at the base temperature of a dilution refrigerator. The compact design makes them suitable to filter many different bias lines in the same setup, necessary for the control and measurement of superconducting qubits. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4789310] C1 [Longobardi, Luigi] Amer Phys Soc, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. [Longobardi, Luigi; Bennett, Douglas A.; Patel, Vijay; Lukens, James E.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bennett, Douglas A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chen, Wei] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Micro Nanoelect, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Longobardi, L (reprint author), Amer Phys Soc, 1 Res Rd, Ridge, NY 11961 USA. EM llongobardi@ms.cc.sunysb.edu RI Bennett, Douglas/B-8001-2012; Longobardi, Luigi/H-4613-2011 OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690; Longobardi, Luigi/0000-0002-7966-6926 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); AFOSR; NSA through a DURINT program FX This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) and by AFOSR and NSA through a DURINT program. NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 AR 014706 DI 10.1063/1.4789310 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 086ZH UT WOS:000314729100049 PM 23387678 ER PT J AU Grubisic, A Schweikhard, V Baker, TA Nesbitt, DJ AF Grubisic, Andrej Schweikhard, Volker Baker, Thomas A. Nesbitt, David J. TI Coherent Multiphoton Photoelectron Emission from Single Au Nanorods: The Critical Role of Plasmonic Electric Near-Field Enhancement SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE coherent multiphoton photoelectron emission; single-particle dark-field scattering; scanning photoionization microscopy; localized surface plasmon resonance; Au nanorods; ultrafast excitation ID TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION; SMALL METAL PARTICLES; GOLD NANORODS; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAMAN-SCATTERING; 2-PHOTON PHOTOEMISSION; WORK FUNCTION; ASPECT RATIO; SURFACE AB Electron emission from individual Au nanorods deposited on indiumtinoxide (ITO) following excitation with femtosecond laser pulses near the rod longitudinal plasmon resonance is studied via scanning photoionization microscopy. The measured electron signal is observed to strongly depend on the excitation laser polarization and wavelength. Correlated secondary electron microscopy (SEM) and dark-field microscopy (DFM) studies of the same nanorods unambiguously confirm that maximum electron emission results from (i) laser polarization aligned with the rod long axis and (ii) laser wavelength resonant with the localized surface plasmon resonance. The experimental results are In good agreement with quantitative predictions for a coherent multiphoton photoelectric effect, which Is identified as the predominant electron emission mechanism for metal nanoparticles under employed excitation conditions. According to this mechanism, the multiphoton photoemisslon rate Is Increased by over 10 orders of magnitude in the vicinity of a localized surface plasmon resonance, due to enhancement of the Incident electromagnetic field In the particle near-field. These findings identify multiphoton photoemission as an extremely sensitive metric of local electric fields (i.e., "hot spots") In plasmonic nanoparticles/structures that can potentially be exploited for direct quantitation of local electric field enhancement factors. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Grubisic, Andrej/P-2717-2014 OI Grubisic, Andrej/0000-0001-8236-0007 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE1012685, PHYS1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional funds for optics, microscopy and computer resources provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1012685, PHYS1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. We also gratefully acknowledge D. Alchenberger for help with the SEM instrumentation and the ellipsometry. NR 98 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 7 U2 121 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.1021/nn305194n PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 078FB UT WOS:000314082800013 PM 23194174 ER PT J AU Anderson, MD Heideman, CL Lin, QY Smeller, M Kokenyesi, R Herzing, AA Anderson, IM Keszler, DA Zschack, P Johnson, DC AF Anderson, Michael D. Heideman, Colby L. Lin, Qiyin Smeller, Mary Kokenyesi, Robert Herzing, Andrew A. Anderson, Ian M. Keszler, Douglas A. Zschack, Paul Johnson, David C. TI Size-Dependent Structural Distortions in One-Dimensional Nanostructures SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE chalcogenides; composites; hybrid materials; inorganic synthesis; nanomaterials ID BINARY NANOPARTICLE SUPERLATTICES; MISFIT LAYER COMPOUNDS; NANOCRYSTAL SUPERLATTICES; MONODISPERSE NANOCRYSTALS; SHAPE; ORGANIZATION; STABILITY; GOLD C1 [Anderson, Michael D.; Smeller, Mary; Johnson, David C.] Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Heideman, Colby L.] Eastern Oregon Univ, Dept Chem, La Grande, OR USA. [Lin, Qiyin] Univ Calif Irvine, Inst Telecommun & Informat Technol, Irvine, CA USA. [Kokenyesi, Robert; Keszler, Douglas A.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.; Anderson, Ian M.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zschack, Paul] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Johnson, DC (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Dept Chem, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. EM davej@uoregon.edu OI Keszler, Douglas/0000-0002-7112-1171 FU National Science Foundation [DMR 0907049]; ONR [N00014-07-1-0358]; DGE [0549503]; National Science Foundation through CCI [CHE-1102637]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation through grant number DMR 0907049 and by ONR through grant number N00014-07-1-0358. Coauthors M. D. A. and C. L. H. acknowledge support from DGE (grant number 0549503). Coauthors R. K., D. A. K., and D.C.J. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation through CCI grant number CHE-1102637. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 49 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1982 EP 1985 DI 10.1002/anie.201207825 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 085ZY UT WOS:000314654000016 PM 23296571 ER PT J AU Persson, A Smith, BC Wikfors, GH Alix, JH AF Persson, Agneta Smith, Barry C. Wikfors, Gary H. Alix, Jennifer H. TI Differences in swimming pattern between life cycle stages of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium fundyense; Behavior; Bloom; Dinoflagellate; Gamete; Mating; Motion; Swimming; Zygote ID MARINE DINOFLAGELLATE; GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; DINOPHYCEAE; ENCYSTMENT; MOTILITY; CULTURE; SPEED AB Different life stages of Alexandrium fundyense have different swimming behavior; gametes often are said to "swarm" or "dance" before mating. This behavior was studied, and quantitative measures of these motility patterns in two-dimensions were generated using motion-analysis software applied to video records of individual-cell movements. Behavior, swimming patterns, and growth were studied in two strains of A. fundyense and compared in encystment medium and growth medium. Vegetative cells swam straight, rotating around the apical axis until they hit something and then swam straight in a different direction. Gamete swimming behavior was slower and characterized by frequent direction changes and circular motion. Gametes contacted other cells frequently (>5 cell contacts min(-1) cell(-1)). Zygotes swam slowly when newly formed and later became nearly immobile; these cells continued to contact other cells and also surfaces. The results are in accordance with field observations of long swimming distances for vegetative cells, accumulation in thin layers of gametes, and sinking of developing resting cysts attached to marine snow for zygotes. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Persson, Agneta] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Smith, Barry C.; Wikfors, Gary H.; Alix, Jennifer H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT USA. RP Persson, A (reprint author), Smedjebacksvagen 13, SE-77190 Ludvika, Sweden. EM agnetapersson77@gmail.com OI Persson, Agneta/0000-0003-0202-6514 FU Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation for Scientific Research; Magnus Bergvall Foundation; Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Scientific Foundation FX The research was funded by the Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation for Scientific Research, the Magnus Bergvall Foundation, and the Wilhelm and Martina Lundgren Scientific Foundation. The authors also wish to thank Paul A. Blaszka for translating video clips and Hayley Skelton Flores for measuring advice. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement. [SS] NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2013 VL 21-22 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2012.11.005 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 084QI UT WOS:000314553800005 ER PT J AU Diky, V Chirico, RD Muzny, CD Kazakov, AF Kroenlein, K Magee, JW Abdulagatov, I Kang, JW Gani, R Frenkel, M AF Diky, Vladimir Chirico, Robert D. Muzny, Chris D. Kazakov, Andrei F. Kroenlein, Kenneth Magee, Joseph W. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin Kang, Jeong Won Gani, Rafiqul Frenkel, Michael TI ThermoData Engine (TDE): Software Implementation of the Dynamic Data Evaluation Concept. 8. Properties of Material Streams and Solvent Design SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; CHEMICAL-PROCESS DESIGN; MONTE-CARLO APPROACH; THERMODYNAMIC MODELS; DATA COMPILATIONS; BINARY-MIXTURES; PARAMETERS; QUALITY; UNCERTAINTIES; SIMULATION AB ThermoData Engine (TDE) is the first full-scale software implementation of the dynamic data evaluation concept, as reported in this journal. The present paper describes the first application of this concept to the evaluation of thermophysical properties for material streams involving any number of chemical components with assessment of uncertainties. The method involves construction of Redlich-Kister type equations for individual properties (excess volume, thermal conductivity, viscosity, surface tension, and excess enthalpy) and activity-coefficient models for phase equilibrium properties (vapor-liquid equilibrium). Multicomponent models are based on those for the pure-components and all binary subsystems evaluated on demand through the TDE software algorithms. Models are described in detail, and extensions to the class structure of the program are provided. Novel program features, such as ready identification of key measurements for subsystems that can reduce the combined uncertainty for a particular stream property, are described. In addition, new product-design features are described for selection of solvents for optimized crystal dissolution, separation of binary crystal mixtures, and solute extraction from a single-component solvent. Planned future developments are summarized. C1 [Diky, Vladimir; Chirico, Robert D.; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei F.; Kroenlein, Kenneth; Magee, Joseph W.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin; Frenkel, Michael] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gani, Rafiqul] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, CAPEC, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Kang, Jeong Won] Korea Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. RP Frenkel, M (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frenkel@boulder.nist.gov RI Kang, Jeongwon/F-7010-2013; Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Gani, Rafiqul/A-4865-2011 OI Kang, Jeongwon/0000-0002-5161-1122; Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Gani, Rafiqul/0000-0002-6719-9283 NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 EI 1549-960X J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 53 IS 1 BP 249 EP 266 DI 10.1021/ci300470t PG 18 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 081OV UT WOS:000314332400022 PM 23205711 ER PT J AU Kohandehghan, A Kalisvaart, P Kupsta, M Zahiri, B Amirkhiz, BS Li, ZP Memarzadeh, EL Bendersky, LA Mitlin, D AF Kohandehghan, Alireza Kalisvaart, Peter Kupsta, Martin Zahiri, Beniamin Amirkhiz, Babak Shalchi Li, Zhipeng Memarzadeh, Elmira L. Bendersky, Leonid A. Mitlin, David TI Magnesium and magnesium-silicide coated silicon nanowire composite anodes for lithium-ion batteries SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SOLID-ELECTROLYTE-INTERPHASE; NEGATIVE ELECTRODE; 1ST PRINCIPLES; RECHARGEABLE BATTERIES; SI ELECTRODES; LI; PERFORMANCE; CELLS; LITHIATION; INSERTION AB We synthesized composites consisting of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) coated with magnesium (Mg) and magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) for lithium-ion battery anodes and studied their electrochemical cycling stability and degradation mechanisms. Compared to bare SiNWs, both Mg- and Mg2Si-coated materials show significant improvement in coulombic efficiency during cycling, with pure Mg coating being slightly superior by similar to 1% in each cycle. XPS measurements on cycled nanowire forests gave quantitative information on the composition of the SEI layer and showed lower Li2CO3 and higher polyethylene oxide content for coated nanowires, thus revealing a passivating effect towards electrolyte decomposition. Extensive characterization of the microstructure before and after cycling was carried out by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy aided by focused ion beam cross-sectioning. The formation of large voids between the nanowire assembly and the substrate during cycling, causing the nanowires to lose electrical contact with the substrate, is identified as an important degradation mechanism. C1 [Kohandehghan, Alireza; Kalisvaart, Peter; Zahiri, Beniamin; Amirkhiz, Babak Shalchi; Memarzadeh, Elmira L.; Mitlin, David] Univ Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Kohandehghan, Alireza; Kalisvaart, Peter; Kupsta, Martin; Zahiri, Beniamin; Amirkhiz, Babak Shalchi; Memarzadeh, Elmira L.; Mitlin, David] CNR, Natl Inst Nanotechnol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada. [Li, Zhipeng; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kohandehghan, A (reprint author), Univ Alberta, 9107 116th St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM pkalisvaart@gmail.com; dmitlin@ualberta.ca RI Shalchi Amirkhiz, Babak/B-3138-2015; Mitlin , David /M-5328-2016 OI Shalchi Amirkhiz, Babak/0000-0002-6756-0278; Mitlin , David /0000-0002-7556-3575 NR 54 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 12 U2 179 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 5 BP 1600 EP 1612 DI 10.1039/c2ta00769j PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 085UP UT WOS:000314640100013 ER PT J AU Dorval, E Crone, PR McDaniel, JD AF Dorval, Emmanis Crone, Paul R. McDaniel, Jennifer D. TI Variability of egg escapement, fishing mortality and spawning population in the market squid fishery in the California Current Ecosystem SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE catch fecundity; determinate fecundity; eggs-per-recruit; market squid; proportional egg escapement ID LOLIGO-OPALESCENS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; LIFE-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; CEPHALOPODA; MATURATION; FECUNDITY; VULGARIS; MYOPSIDA; ATLANTIC AB With an average yield of 70 000 Mt from 1999 to 2006, market squid (Doryteuthis opalescens) represents one of the most commercially valuable and biologically productive populations off California. An egg escapement model was developed for evaluating the population's reproductive response to varying levels of fishing pressure and, potentially, for aiding management of the fishery. The model is founded on eggs-per-recruit theory, assuming catch fecundity is related to daily-based fishing mortality (F), i.e. analysis generated estimates of proportional egg escapement, S(F), as a function of F per quarter from 1999 to 2006 in three spawning grounds off northern and southern California. Fishing pressure was generally high, with mean derived F ranging from 0.20 to 6 per day. Mean estimated S(F) ranged from 0.08 to 0.75, but in most quarters was higher than 0.30. The classical model was extended for estimating absolute abundance of the resource based on F. Market squid were more abundant in southern California, where mean spawning stock peaked at 1.50 x 10(9) females, similar to 108 000 and 130 000 Mt in autumn 2000 and winter 2005 respectively. Although time demanding, this per-recruit analysis represents an effective approach for monitoring reproductive outputs and for aiding stock status determinations of harvested market squid. C1 [Dorval, Emmanis; Crone, Paul R.; McDaniel, Jennifer D.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Dorval, E (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Emmanis.Dorval@noaa.gov FU SWFSC; CDFG Coastal Impact Assistance Program grant [R0170001] FX We thank Beverly Macewicz of SWFSC for histological analysis of ovaries of the pre-ovulatory female market squid. Samples from the market squid fishery were provided by CDFG. We are grateful to Richard Parrish, Kevin Hill, Dale Sweetnam, and Briana Brady for reviewing an earlier draft of the paper. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for providing useful comments on the paper. This study was funded by the SWFSC and by a CDFG Coastal Impact Assistance Program grant (#R0170001) to the University of California Davis. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 24 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2013 VL 64 IS 1 BP 80 EP 90 DI 10.1071/MF12085 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 085GU UT WOS:000314604000008 ER PT J AU Berg, RF Burton, WC AF Berg, Robert F. Burton, W. Cody TI Noble gas viscosities at 25 degrees C SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gas viscosity; helium; neon; argon; krpyton; capillary viscometer ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY CURVE; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ATOM PAIR; DEGREES C; ROVIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; 200 ATMOSPHERES; DILUTE HELIUM; ARGON; NEON AB Near 25 degrees C, ab initio calculations of the zero-density viscosity of helium gas eta He have an uncertainty of approximately 0.001%, which is 1/40th of the uncertainty of the best measurements. The uncertainties of the published calculations for neon and argon are probably much larger. This paper presents new measurements of the viscosities of neon, argon, and krypton at 25 degrees C made with a capillary viscometer that was calibrated with helium. The resulting viscosity ratios are eta Ne/eta He?=?1.59836 +/- 0.00037, eta Ar/eta He?=?1.13763 +/- 0.00030, and eta Kr/eta He?=?1.27520 +/- 0.00040. The argon ratio agrees with a recent, unpublished calculation to within the combined uncertainty (measurement plus calculation) of 0.032%. The neon ratio is smaller than the calculated value by 0.13%. C1 [Berg, Robert F.; Burton, W. Cody] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov OI , /0000-0003-4126-083X NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 111 IS 2 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1080/00268976.2012.713132 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 079JX UT WOS:000314167500004 ER PT J AU Haroz, EH Duque, JG Tu, XM Zheng, M Walker, ARH Hauge, RH Doorn, SK Kono, J AF Haroz, Erik H. Duque, Juan G. Tu, Xiaomin Zheng, Ming Walker, Angela R. Hight Hauge, Robert H. Doorn, Stephen K. Kono, Junichiro TI Fundamental optical processes in armchair carbon nanotubes SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID MANY-FERMION SYSTEM; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; QUANTUM WIRES; DENSITY DIFFERENTIATION; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; SOMMERFELD FACTORS; RESONANCE RAMAN; SINGLE; DNA AB Single-wall carbon nanotubes provide ideal model one-dimensional (1-D) condensed matter systems in which to address fundamental questions in many-body physics, while, at the same time, they are leading candidates for building blocks in nanoscale optoelectronic circuits. Much attention has been recently paid to their optical properties, arising from 1-D excitons and phonons, which have been revealed via photoluminescence, Raman scattering, and ultrafast optical spectroscopy of semiconducting carbon nanotubes. On the other hand, dynamical properties of metallic nanotubes have been poorly explored, although they are expected to provide a novel setting for the study of electron-hole pairs in the presence of degenerate 1-D electrons. In particular, (n,n)-chirality, or armchair, metallic nanotubes are truly gapless with massless carriers, ideally suited for dynamical studies of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids. Unfortunately, progress towards such studies has been slowed by the inherent problem of nanotube synthesis whereby both semiconducting and metallic nanotubes are produced. Here, we use post-synthesis separation methods based on density gradient ultracentrifugation and DNA-based ion-exchange chromatography to produce aqueous suspensions strongly enriched in armchair nanotubes. Through resonant Raman spectroscopy of the radial breathing mode phonons, we provide macroscopic and unambiguous evidence that density gradient ultracentrifugation can enrich ensemble samples in armchair nanotubes. Furthermore, using conventional, optical absorption spectroscopy in the near-infrared and visible range, we show that interband absorption in armchair nanotubes is strongly excitonic. Lastly, by examining the G-band mode in Raman spectra, we determine that observation of the broad, lower frequency (G(-)) feature is a result of resonance with non-armchair "metallic" nanotubes. These findings regarding the fundamental optical absorption and scattering processes in metallic carbon nanotubes lay the foundation for further spectroscopic studies to probe many-body physical phenomena in one dimension. C1 [Haroz, Erik H.] Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Haroz, Erik H.; Hauge, Robert H.; Kono, Junichiro] Rice Univ, Richard E Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Duque, Juan G.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Phys Chem & Appl Spect C PCS, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tu, Xiaomin; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hauge, Robert H.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Doorn, Stephen K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kono, Junichiro] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Kono, J (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 6100 Main St,MS-378, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM kono@rice.edu RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; Hauge, Robert/A-7008-2011 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Hauge, Robert/0000-0002-3656-0152 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0809020, CMS-060950]; Department of Energy BES Program [DEFG02-06ER46308]; Air Force Research Laboratories [FA8650-05-D-5807]; Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program; Robert A. Welch Foundation [C-1509, C-0807]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNJ05HI05C]; World Class University Program at Sungkyunkwan University [R31-2008-000-10029-0] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant no. CHE-0809020 and CMS-060950, the Department of Energy BES Program through Grant no. DEFG02-06ER46308, the Air Force Research Laboratories under contract number FA8650-05-D-5807, the Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Program, the Robert A. Welch Foundation through Grant no. C-1509 and C-0807, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNJ05HI05C), and the World Class University Program at Sungkyunkwan University (R31-2008-000-10029-0). This work was performed in part at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, a US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences user facility. We thank our collaborators who contributed to the work presented in this feature article: B. Y. Lu, W. D. Rice, S. Ghosh, R. B. Weisman, P. Nikolaev, S. Arepalli, C. G. Densmore, A. Jagota, D. Roxbury, C. Y. Khripin and J. A. Fagan. We would also like to thank K. Yanagi, C. Kittrell, W. Adams, N. Alvarez, C. Pint, B. Dan, K. Sato, R. Saito, and A. Imambekov for useful and stimulating discussions. NR 166 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 79 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 4 BP 1411 EP 1439 DI 10.1039/c2nr32769d PG 29 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 083PM UT WOS:000314477300020 PM 23340668 ER PT J AU Nurse, AK McFadden, GB Coriell, SR AF Nurse, A. K. McFadden, G. B. Coriell, S. R. TI Bubble motion and size variation during thermal migration with phase change SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; LIQUID; CONVECTION; STABILITY AB An analysis of the motion of a spherical bubble in a two-phase (fluid-fluid), single component system with a vertical linear temperature gradient is presented. The model for the migration of an immiscible bubble under the effects of buoyancy and thermocapillarity, considered by Young et al. ["The motion of bubbles in a vertical temperature gradient," J. Fluid Mech. 6, 350-356 (1959)], is modified to allow for phase change at the bubble surface. We allow the possibility of both translation of the bubble in the vertical direction and the change of bubble radius with time. Depending on the material parameters, the thermocapillary and buoyancy effects that govern the migration of an immiscible bubble can be overwhelmed by the effects of latent heat generation, resulting in a change in the mechanism driving the motion. For a water-steam system, conditions are determined for a stationary bubble in which the effects of buoyancy and thermal migration are balanced. The linear stability of the bubble is considered, and conditions are determined that correspond to small-amplitude oscillations of the position and radius of the bubble. A weakly nonlinear analysis of the solution in the vicinity of the unstable solution is performed, and the results are compared with a numerical solution of the nonlinear equations. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4774329] C1 [Nurse, A. K.; McFadden, G. B.; Coriell, S. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nurse, A. K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Nurse, AK (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM asha.nurse@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103 FU NIST-ARRA FX A.K.N. is grateful for support from a NIST-ARRA Postdoctoral Fellowship administered by the University of Maryland, College Park. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2013 VL 25 IS 1 AR 013302 DI 10.1063/1.4774329 PG 21 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 086ZC UT WOS:000314728200014 ER PT J AU DelSole, T Yang, XS Tippett, MK AF DelSole, Timothy Yang, Xiaosong Tippett, Michael K. TI Is unequal weighting significantly better than equal weighting for multi-model forecasting? SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE seasonal prediction; regression; hindcasts ID ENSEMBLES; PREDICTIONS AB This article proposes a statistical test for whether a multi-model combination with unequal weights has significantly smaller errors than a combination with equal weights. A combination with equal weights includes the case of a no-skill model, in which all weights equal zero, and the multi-model mean, in which all weights equal 1/M, where M is the number of models. The test is applied to seasonal hindcasts of 2 m temperature and precipitation generated by five state-of-the-art coupled atmosphereocean models. The hypothesis of equal weights could not be rejected over 75% the globe for temperature and 90% of the land for precipitation, implying that strategies for unequal weighting of forecasts may be of value only over a relatively small fraction of the globe. The fact that the test does not require pre-specifying a specific strategy for weighting forecasts suggests that it should be useful for exploring a wide range of multi-model strategies. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [DelSole, Timothy] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [DelSole, Timothy] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Yang, Xiaosong] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. RP DelSole, T (reprint author), COLA, 4041 Powder Mill Rd, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM delsole@cola.iges.org RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011; Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364; Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X FU National Science Foundation [ATM0332910, ATM0830062, ATM0830068]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNG04GG46G, NNX09AN50G]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4310034, NA09OAR4310058, NA05OAR4311004, NA10OAR4310210, NA10OAR4310249] FX This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (ATM0332910, ATM0830062, ATM0830068), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNG04GG46G, NNX09AN50G), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NA04OAR4310034, NA09OAR4310058, NA05OAR4311004, NA10OAR4310210, NA10OAR4310249). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of these agencies. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 139 IS 670 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1002/qj.1961 PN A PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 087JQ UT WOS:000314758000013 ER PT J AU Chen, JJ Wang, MY Turko, IV AF Chen, Junjun Wang, Meiyao Turko, Illarion V. TI Quantification of Amyloid Precursor Protein Isoforms Using Quantification Concatamer Internal Standard SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLEXED ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; CONCATENATED SIGNATURE PEPTIDES; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E GENOTYPE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; BETA PEPTIDES; CORTEX; EXPRESSION AB It is likely that expression and/or post-translational generation of various protein isoforms can be indicative of initial pathological changes or pathology development. However, selective quantification of individual protein isoforms remains a challenge, because they simultaneously possess common and unique amino acid sequences. Quantification concatamer (QconCAT) internal standards were originally designed for a large-scale proteome quantification and are artificial proteins that are concatamers of tryptic peptides for several proteins. We developed a QconCAT for quantification of various isoforms of amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP-QconCAT includes tryptic peptides that are common for all isoforms of APP concatenated with those tryptic peptides that are unique for specific APP isoforms. Isotope-labeled APP-QconCAT was expressed, purified, characterized, and further used for quantification of total APP, APP695, and amyloid-beta (A beta) in the human frontal cortex from control and severe Alzheimer's disease donors. Potential biological implications of our quantitative measurements are discussed. It is also expected that using APP-QconCAT(s) will advance our understanding of biological mechanism by which various APP isoforms involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. C1 [Chen, Junjun; Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Chen, Junjun; Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Turko, IV (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM iturko@umd.edu RI Wang, Meiyao/F-6133-2012 FU Washington University School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center [P50 AG05681] FX This work was supported in part by the Washington University School of Medicine Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Grant (P50 AG05681). Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 1 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1021/ac3033239 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 065NZ UT WOS:000313156500045 PM 23186391 ER PT J AU Hauri, C Gruber, N Vogt, M Doney, SC Feely, RA Lachkar, Z Leinweber, A McDonnell, AMP Munnich, M Plattner, GK AF Hauri, C. Gruber, N. Vogt, M. Doney, S. C. Feely, R. A. Lachkar, Z. Leinweber, A. McDonnell, A. M. P. Munnich, M. Plattner, G. -K. TI Spatiotemporal variability and long-term trends of ocean acidification in the California Current System SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; UPWELLING SYSTEMS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBONIC-ACID; SEAWATER; DISSOCIATION; MODEL; THERMODYNAMICS; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Due to seasonal upwelling, the upper ocean waters of the California Current System (CCS) have a naturally low pH and aragonite saturation state (Omega(arag)), making this region particularly prone to the effects of ocean acidification. Here, we use the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) to conduct preindustrial and transient (1995-2050) simulations of ocean biogeochemistry in the CCS. The transient simulations were forced with increasing atmospheric pCO(2) and increasing oceanic dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations at the lateral boundaries, as projected by the NCAR CSM 1.4 model for the IPCC SRES A2 scenario. Our results show a large seasonal variability in pH (range of similar to 0.14) and Omega(arag) (similar to 0.2) for the nearshore areas (50 km from shore). This variability is created by the interplay of physical and biogeochemical processes. Despite this large variability, we find that present-day pH and Omega(arag) have already moved outside of their simulated preindustrial variability envelopes (defined by +/- 1 temporal standard deviation) due to the rapidly increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2. The nearshore surface pH of the northern and central CCS are simulated to move outside of their present-day variability envelopes by the mid-2040s and late 2030s, respectively. This transition may occur even earlier for nearshore surface Omega(arag), which is projected to depart from its present-day variability envelope by the early- to mid-2030s. The aragonite saturation horizon of the central CCS is projected to shoal into the upper 75m within the next 25 yr, causing near-permanent undersaturation in subsurface waters. Due to the model's overestimation of Omega(arag), this transition may occur even earlier than simulated by the model. Overall, our study shows that the CCS joins the Arctic and Southern oceans as one of only a few known ocean regions presently approaching the dual threshold of widespread and near-permanent undersaturation with respect to aragonite and a departure from its variability envelope. In these regions, organisms may be forced to rapidly adjust to conditions that are both inherently chemically challenging and also substantially different from past conditions. C1 [Hauri, C.; Gruber, N.; Vogt, M.; Lachkar, Z.; McDonnell, A. M. P.; Munnich, M.; Plattner, G. -K.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Leinweber, A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Plattner, G. -K.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Climate & Environm Phys Grp, Bern, Switzerland. RP Hauri, C (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM chauri@alaska.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/A-5245-2016 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/0000-0002-3765-0045 FU European Project of Ocean Acidification (EPOCA); European Community [211384]; ETH Zurich; NASA [NNX11AF55G] FX We are grateful to Damian Loher for his support with the model simulations. We thank Thomas Frolicher, Fortunat Joos and Marco Steinacher who kindly provided us with results from their NCAR CSM 1.4-carbon model simulations. We would also like to thank Simone Alin and Katherine Harris for the observational data and Kay Steinkamp, Mark Payne and Diego Santaren for beneficial discussions and statistical support. C. H. was supported by the European Project of Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 211384. EPOCA is endorsed by the international programs Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER), Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ), and Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS). C. H., M. V., Z. L., A. M. P. M. and N. G. also acknowledge support by ETH Zurich. S. D. acknowledges support from NASA-NNX11AF55G. NR 61 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 108 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 1 BP 193 EP 216 DI 10.5194/bg-10-193-2013 PG 24 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 079ME UT WOS:000314173700013 ER PT J AU Schuster, U McKinley, GA Bates, N Chevallier, F Doney, SC Fay, AR Gonzalez-Davila, M Gruber, N Jones, S Krijnen, J Landschutzer, P Lefevre, N Manizza, M Mathis, J Metzl, N Olsen, A Rios, AF Rodenbeck, C Santana-Casiano, JM Takahashi, T Wanninkhof, R Watson, AJ AF Schuster, U. McKinley, G. A. Bates, N. Chevallier, F. Doney, S. C. Fay, A. R. Gonzalez-Davila, M. Gruber, N. Jones, S. Krijnen, J. Landschuetzer, P. Lefevre, N. Manizza, M. Mathis, J. Metzl, N. Olsen, A. Rios, A. F. Roedenbeck, C. Santana-Casiano, J. M. Takahashi, T. Wanninkhof, R. Watson, A. J. TI An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea-air CO2 fluxes, 1990-2009 SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE; SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; SURFACE FCO(2); FOCAL CRUISES; OCEANIC SINK AB The Atlantic and Arctic Oceans are critical components of the global carbon cycle. Here we quantify the net sea-air CO2 flux, for the first time, across different methodologies for consistent time and space scales for the Atlantic and Arctic basins. We present the long-term mean, seasonal cycle, interannual variability and trends in sea-air CO2 flux for the period 1990 to 2009, and assign an uncertainty to each. We use regional cuts from global observations and modeling products, specifically a pCO(2)-based CO2 flux climatology, flux estimates from the inversion of oceanic and atmospheric data, and results from six ocean biogeochemical models. Additionally, we use basin-wide flux estimates from surface ocean pCO(2) observations based on two distinct methodologies. Our estimate of the contemporary sea-air flux of CO2 (sum of anthropogenic and natural components) by the Atlantic between 40 degrees S and 79 degrees N is -0.49 +/- 0.05 Pg C yr(-1), and by the Arctic it is -0.12 +/- 0.06 Pg C yr(-1), leading to a combined sea-air flux of -0.61 +/- 0.06 Pg C yr(-1) for the two decades (negative reflects ocean uptake). We do find broad agreement amongst methodologies with respect to the seasonal cycle in the subtropics of both hemispheres, but not elsewhere. Agreement with respect to detailed signals of interannual variability is poor, and correlations to the North Atlantic Oscillation are weaker in the North Atlantic and Arctic than in the equatorial region and southern subtropics. Linear trends for 1995 to 2009 indicate increased uptake and generally correspond between methodologies in the North Atlantic, but there is disagreement amongst methodologies in the equatorial region and southern subtropics. C1 [Schuster, U.; Jones, S.; Krijnen, J.; Landschuetzer, P.; Watson, A. J.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [McKinley, G. A.; Fay, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Chevallier, F.] LSCE IPSL, Paris, France. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Gonzalez-Davila, M.; Santana-Casiano, J. M.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain. [Gruber, N.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Lefevre, N.] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, Paris, France. [Manizza, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mathis, J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Metzl, N.] UPMC, CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Olsen, A.] Uni Res, Bergen, Norway. [Rios, A. F.] IIM CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Vigo, Spain. [Roedenbeck, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Takahashi, T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Wanninkhof, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Schuster, U (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM u.Schuster@uea.ac.uk RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851 FU EU [IP 511176-2, 264879]; UK NERC [NE/H017046/1]; NASA [NNX08AR68G, NNX11AF53G]; EU grant [264879, 238366, 283080]; French national funding program LEFE/INSU; NOAA [NOAA-NA07OAR4310098, NAO80AR4320754] FX U. Schuster and G. A. McKinley contributed equally to this manuscript and should be considered as joint first authors. We thank P. Canadell, P. Ciais, C. Le Quere, and C. Sabine for coordinating the global effort of RECCAP. We thank captains, officers, and crew of all ships on which measurements have been made that contribute to this study. U. Schuster has been supported by EU grants IP 511176-2 (CARBOOCEAN), 212196 (COCOS), and 264879 (CARBOCHANGE), and UK NERC grant NE/H017046/1 (UKOARP). G. A. McKinley and A. Fay thank NASA for support (NNX08AR68G, NNX11AF53G). P. Landschutzer has been supported by EU grant 238366 (GREENCYCLESII). N. Metzl acknowledges the French national funding program LEFE/INSU. Support for N. Gruber has been provided by EU grants 264879 (CARBOCHANGE) and 283080 (GEO-CARBON) S. Doney acknowledges support from NOAA (NOAA-NA07OAR4310098). T. Takahashi is supported by NOAA (NAO80AR4320754). NR 92 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 7 U2 85 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 1 BP 607 EP 627 DI 10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 079ME UT WOS:000314173700039 ER PT J AU Garzoli, SL Baringer, MO Dong, SF Perez, RC Yao, Q AF Garzoli, Silvia L. Baringer, Molly O. Dong, Shenfu Perez, Renellys C. Yao, Qi TI South Atlantic meridional fluxes SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE AMOC; Heat fluxes; South Atlantic circulation ID MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA REGIME; GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION; HEAT-TRANSPORT; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; BENGUELA CURRENT; GEOSTROPHIC VELOCITY; WORLD OCEAN; VARIABILITY; INTERMEDIATE; BRAZIL AB The properties of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and associated meridional heat transport (MHT) and salt fluxes are analyzed in the South Atlantic. The oceanographic data used for the study consist of Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data collected along 27 sections at nominally 35 degrees S for the period of time 2002-2011, and Argo profile data collected in the region. Previous estimates obtained with a shorter record are improved and extended, using new oceanographic sections and wind fields. Different wind products are analyzed to determine the uncertainty in the Ekman component of the MHT derived from their use. Results of the analysis provide a 9-year time series of MHT, and volume transport in the upper layer of the MOC. Salt fluxes at 35 degrees S are estimated using a parameter introduced by numerical studies, the M-ov, that represents the salt flux and helps determine the basin scale salt feedback associated with the MOC. Volume and heat transport by the western and eastern boundary currents are estimated, and their covariablity is examined. Analysis of the data shows that the South Atlantic is responsible for a northward MHT with a mean value of 0.54 +/- 0.14 PW. The MHT exhibits no significant trend from 2002 to 2011. The MOC varies from 14.4 to 22.7 Sv with a mean value of 18.1 +/- 2.3 Sv and the maximum overturning transport is found at a mean depth of 1250 m. Statistical analysis suggests that an increase of 1 Sv in the MOC leads to an increase of the MHT of 0.04 +/- 0.02 PW. Estimates of the from data collected from three different kinds of observations, contrary to those obtained from models, feature a positive salt advection feedback (M-ov < 0) suggesting that freshwater perturbations will be amplified and that the MOC is bistable. In other words, the MOC might collapse with a large enough freshwater perturbation. Observations indicate that the mean value of the Brazil Current is -8.6 +/- 4.1 Sv at 24 degrees S and -19.4 + 4.3 Sv at 35 degrees S, increasing towards the south. East of 3 degrees E, the northward flowing Benguela Current and Agulhas rings have a net northward transport of 22.5 +/- 4.7 Sv. No significant correlation is observed between the MOC and the Brazil Current transport, and most of the compensation derives from the eastern boundary and interior transports. Products from the Ocean general circulation model For the Earth Simulator (OFES) are used to validate methodology used to extend the XBT record, and to aid in the interpretation of the observed findings. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Garzoli, Silvia L.; Baringer, Molly O.; Dong, Shenfu; Perez, Renellys C.; Yao, Qi] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Dong, Shenfu; Perez, Renellys C.; Yao, Qi] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Garzoli, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM Silvia.Garzoli@noaa.gov RI Perez, Renellys/D-1976-2012; Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Perez, Renellys/0000-0002-4401-3853; Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 FU Climate Observation Division, NOAA Climate Program Office FX The authors would like to acknowledge Robert Roddy for taking care of the organization of the cruises and the instrumentation of the ships. Thanks also to our colleagues and collaborators from the National Hydrographic Service in Argentina for their support to the program. The authors would like also to acknowledge all of the ship riders that collected the XBT data: Lt. Cdr. Ariel Herman Triosi, Cdr. Fabian Vetere, Adrian Webb, Walter L. Reynoso-Peralta, and Fergus Mckay. Thanks to Carlos Garcia from the University of Rio Grande, Brazil and Lt. Vlatimir and Ct Marcelo Calvacante from the Brazilian Navy for their support of data collection during two of their cruises and, to all the captains and crews of the ships that supported the program. Thanks to Dr. Chris Meinen for helpful suggestions to the paper. XBT and Argo data collection and analysis are supported by grants from the Climate Observation Division, NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 71 BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.09.003 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 079VU UT WOS:000314201100002 ER PT J AU Krause, JW Brzezinski, MA Villareal, TA Wilson, C AF Krause, Jeffrey W. Brzezinski, Mark A. Villareal, Tracy A. Wilson, Cara TI Biogenic silica cycling during summer phytoplankton blooms in the North Pacific subtropical gyre SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE North pacific subtropical gyre; Blooms; Diatoms; Silica production; Net silica production; Export ID ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY; SARGASSO SEA; STATION ALOHA; THERMOHALINE INTRUSIONS; NITROGEN-FIXATION; MESOSCALE EDDIES; PRODUCTION-RATES; CHLOROPHYLL-A; FRONTAL ZONE; ROSS SEA AB Biogenic silica (bSiO(2)) cycling, diatom abundance and floristics were examined within summer-period diatom blooms in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) in 2008 and 2009. Hemiaulus hauckii was the most abundant diatom observed in an expansive (100,000 km(2)) bloom near the subtropical front in the northeastern NPSG in 2008 and the small pennate diatom Mastogloia woodiana dominated a smaller (30,000 km(2)) bloom sampled in 2009 in the gyre interior. In both blooms, the bSiO(2) stock and production rates were up to an order of magnitude higher relative to non-bloom areas. Remnants of a bSiO(2) export event was sampled in the H. hauckii bloom area where the export rate at 300 m exceeded that at 150 m, and was among the highest values recorded in the NPSG. The M. woodiana bloom was very active with specific bSiO(2) production rates of 0.50-0.75 (d(-1) and net bSiO(2) production rates were among the highest observed in any subtropical-gyre diatom bloom to date. Net silica production rates in the euphotic zone were strongly positive within blooms and near zero outside of blooms, consistent with an important role for blooms in bSiO(2) export. The difference in the areal extent of the H. hauckii and M. woodiana blooms was consistent with remote-sensing observations that blooms in the northeastern portion of the NPSG, near the subtropical front, are typically more extensive than those in the gyre interior near Hawaii Ocean Time-series station ALOHA. Initial estimates suggest that blooms in the northeast region produced 3-25 times more bSiO(2) in 2008 and 2009, respectively, than did blooms in the gyre interior; and due to the large areal extent these blooms, their area-integrated production of bSiO(2) is similar to intense diatom blooms coastal upwelling systems (e.g. Monterey Bay, Santa Barbara Channel) despite significantly lower production rates and standing stock. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Krause, Jeffrey W.; Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Wilson, Cara] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Krause, JW (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM jeffrey.krause@lifesci.ucsb.edu RI Wilson, Cara/A-8816-2009; OI Wilson, Cara/0000-0001-9318-2322 FU National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences [OCE-0648130, OCE-0726726, OCE-0094591] FX We thank J. Jones, E. Allman, C. Beucher, C. Brown, D. Foley, V. Franck, J. Goodman, A. Pyle, K. Rogers, K. Swanson, and S. Vega for logistical and technical assistance, M. Church and S. Duhamel for data access, the Captain, resident technicians and crew of the R/V Kilo Moana for assistance at sea. This work was funded by National Science Foundation Ocean Sciences grants OCE-0648130 awarded to MAB, and OCE-0726726 and OCE-0094591 awarded to TAV. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 32 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 71 BP 49 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.09.002 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 079VU UT WOS:000314201100005 ER PT J AU Suntsov, A Domokos, R AF Suntsov, Andrey Domokos, Reka TI Vertically migrating micronekton and macrozooplankton communities around Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Mesopelagic assemblages; Micronekton; Diel vertical migration; Mesopelagic fish biomass; Community structure; Central Gyre; North Equatorial Current; North Equatorial Countercurrent; Guam; Northern Mariana Islands ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; MESOPELAGIC FISHES; HAWAIIAN WATERS; SPECIES COMPOSITION; JAPANESE EEL; OCEAN; ECOLOGY; ASSEMBLAGES; ABUNDANCE; PHYTOPLANKTON AB The distribution, biomass, and assemblages of vertically migrating micronekton/macrozooplankton were studied in relation to oceanographic conditions around Guam and the adjacent Northern Mariana Islands during Spring 2010, using 3-m(2) Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl (IKMT). The study area was located within the oligotrophic waters of the westward flowing North Equatorial Current (NEC). However, southern stations of the survey were situated close to the northern boundary of the more productive North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), where we observed the highest biomass, abundance, species richness, and diversity of pelagic organisms. Overall, we recorded 85 species from 20 families of mostly mesopelagic species in the area, with lanternfishes (Myctophidae-40 species) and dragonfishes (Stomiidae-18 species) being the most taxonomically diverse groups. Three genera of mesopelagic shrimps, Sergestes, Janicella and Sergia, dominated the decapod crustacean component of the micronekton community numerically and by biomass, while the contribution from cephalopods was relatively minor. Assemblages of major micronekton/macrozooplankton groups, based on biomass and abundance showed principal changes with latitude. However, the classification and ordination analysis, based on taxonomically resolved taxa (fishes and decapod shrimps), indicated additional zonal variation, with areas east and west of the island chain showing different community structure. The mean total micronekton biomass for the area near the productive boundary region between the NEC and NECC was 5.8 mg/m(3), with a mean biomass of 1.2 mg/m(3) obtained for stations in the oligotrophic NEC area. The corresponding biomass of mesopelagic fishes was 0.88 mg/m(3) and 0.24 mg/m(3) for these two areas, respectively. We reviewed and compared the available information on the quantitative distribution of midwater fish biomass in the western tropical Pacific and outlined major patterns of variation in the equatorial Pacific in general. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Suntsov, Andrey] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Domokos, Reka] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Suntsov, A (reprint author), Deep Ocean Res & Dev, POB 22491, San Diego, CA 92192 USA. EM asuntsov@yahoo.com OI Domokos, Reka/0000-0003-3297-4793 FU JIMAR Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ12301] FX The authors acknowledge the help and support of many people who made this project possible. We thank the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Oscar Elton Sette, as well as the scientific party, for their work and dedication to the success of this study. We are grateful to Amy Corner and Evan Howell for their help with ADCP and CTD data processing. We are indebted to Bob Humphreys and Bruce Mundy for supplying sampling gear, friendly advice and logistical support. Comments on the manuscript by B. Mundy, E. Howell and M. Miller were extremely helpful. This project was supported by the JIMAR Pelagic Fisheries Research Program of the University of Hawaii School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology under Cooperative Agreement number NA17RJ12301 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 71 BP 113 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.10.009 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 079VU UT WOS:000314201100011 ER PT J AU Galin, N Wingham, DJ Cullen, R Fornari, M Smith, WHF Abdalla, S AF Galin, Natalia Wingham, Duncan J. Cullen, Robert Fornari, Marco Smith, Walter H. F. Abdalla, Saleh TI Calibration of the CryoSat-2 Interferometer and Measurement of Across-Track Ocean Slope SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; CryoSat-2; interferometry; radar altimetry ID RADAR ALTIMETER; TOPOGRAPHY; SURFACE AB This paper describes the calibration of the CryoSat-2 interferometer, whose principal purpose is to accurately measure the height of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets. A sequence of CryoSat-2 data acquisitions over the tropical and midlatitude oceans were obtained between June and September 2010, from the SIRAL "A" and redundant SIRAL "B" radars operating in their "SARIN" mode, during a sequence of satellite rolls between -0.6 degrees and 0.4 degrees. Using the arrival angle of the echo relative to the interferometer baseline, the attitude of the satellite determined by the star trackers, and estimates of the ocean surface across-track slope from the EGM08 geoid, we determined the errors in the interferometer estimate of surface slope as functions of the roll angle and ocean surface waveheight. These were found to be in close agreement with the theoretical description. The scale factor of the interferometric measurement of angle was determined to be 0.973 +/- 0.002. We estimate the accuracy of the across-track slope measurement of the interferometer by applying this scale factor to the measured phase. In applying this scale factor to the measurements, the across-track slope of the marine geoid was obtained with an accuracy of 26 mu rad at 10 km and 10 mu rad at 1000 km. We conclude that the instrument performance considerably exceeds that needed for the accurate determination of height over the sloping surfaces of the continental ice sheets. The results also demonstrate that CryoSat-2 provides the first observations of the instantaneous vector gradient of the ocean surface, and that the normal-incidence interferometric configuration has a greater potential for the measurement of the ocean across-track slope than has been previously recognized. C1 [Galin, Natalia; Wingham, Duncan J.] UCL, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, Dept Earth Sci, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Fornari, Marco] Reah Syst Sa, New Tech Ctr, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Smith, Walter H. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Abdalla, Saleh] ECMWF, Res Dept, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Galin, N (reprint author), UCL, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, Dept Earth Sci, Mortimer St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM n.galin@ucl.ac.uk; djw@cpom.ucl.ac.uk; Robert.Cullen@esa.int; marco.fornari@cryosat.esa.int; walter.hf.smith@noaa.gov; abdalla@ecmwf.int RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X FU NCEO, part of the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council FX Manuscript received October 16, 2011; revised April 6, 2012; accepted May 11, 2012. Date of publication June 28, 2012; date of current version December 19, 2012. This work was supported in part by NCEO, part of the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council. NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 42 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 57 EP 72 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2200298 PN 1 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 076NR UT WOS:000313963700008 ER PT J AU Patrick, WS Morrison, W Nelson, M Marrero, RLG AF Patrick, Wesley S. Morrison, Wendy Nelson, Mark Marrero, Rosa L. Gonzalez TI Factors affecting management uncertainty in US fisheries and methodological solutions SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PROBABILITY-BASED APPROACH; ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; CATCH; RISK; TARGETS AB The management of marine fisheries is often based on a system of target and limit reference points, and contains significant amounts of scientific and management uncertainty that need to be interpreted and reconciled by managers. While scientific uncertainty has been thoroughly studied, described, and techniques have been developed to address this type of uncertainty; studies of management uncertainty are lacking and of the few studies available most are theoretical in nature. We evaluated 17 U.S. fisheries to describe how management uncertainty varies among management regimes and identify some potential factors that drive these variances. Our analysis found that a manager's ability to keep a fishery at or under the targeted catch level can vary substantially among fisheries, depending on the sector of the fishery, the management regime being used, the frequency at which landings are reported, and the magnitude of inter-annual target variability. Within our study, reporting frequency and the type of management regime being used seemed to describe the majority of the variance we observed among fisheries. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.; Morrison, Wendy; Nelson, Mark; Marrero, Rosa L. Gonzalez] NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Wesley.Patrick@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 71 BP 64 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.11.002 PG 9 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 078CS UT WOS:000314076300007 ER PT J AU Marvasti, A AF Marvasti, Akbar TI Estimating outdoor recreation demand with aggregate data: A revealed preference approach SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID COUNT DATA MODELS; ENDOGENOUS STRATIFICATION; TRUNCATION AB An aggregate travel cost model is employed to estimate the parameters of a single site recreation demand model for visiting a beach. Applying zonal data, the impacts of several variables which are likely to influence an individual's decision to take a trip to the beach are examined. The count nature of the dependent variable, distributional information (overdispersion), and heterogeneity of visitors' decisions are considered in employing three approaches for estimating the parameters of the demand function. The results suggest that the events, weather condition, season and weekend effect are among the most significant factors affecting the demand for the beach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Marvasti, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Akbar.Marvasti@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 71 BP 170 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.09.006 PG 6 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 078CS UT WOS:000314076300019 ER PT J AU Cole, KD He, HJ Wang, LL AF Cole, Kenneth D. He, Hua-Jun Wang, Lili TI Breast cancer biomarker measurements and standards SO PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Breast cancer; Epidermal growth factor receptor; HER2; Reference materials; Standards ID EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR; PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUES; GENE-EXPRESSION PROFILES; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TYROSINE KINASE-ACTIVITY; EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; COCULTURE IN-VITRO; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS AB Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by changes in the levels and activities of important cellular proteins, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Genetic mutations cause changes in protein activity and protein expression levels that result in the altered metabolism, proliferation, and metastasis seen in cancer cells. The identification of the critical biochemical changes in cancer has led to advances in its detection and treatment. An important example of this is the measurement of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), where increased expression occurs in approximately 2030% of breast cancer tumors. HER2 is a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family and is an important biomarker expressed on the cell surface. Measurement of the HER2 levels in tumor cells provides diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment information, because a targeted therapeutic is available. The most common methods to measure HER2 levels are immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays. The accurate and reliable measurements of the specific changes in protein biomarkers for detection and treatment of cancer are important challenges. This review is focused on efforts to improve the quantitation and reliability of cancer biomarkers by using standards and reference materials. C1 [Cole, Kenneth D.; He, Hua-Jun; Wang, Lili] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST, Mailstop 8312,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Kenneth.cole@nist.gov NR 100 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-8346 EI 1862-8354 J9 PROTEOM CLIN APPL JI Proteom. Clin. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 17 EP 29 DI 10.1002/prca.201200075 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 075RH UT WOS:000313903700004 PM 23341234 ER PT J AU Mathai, PP Carmichael, PT Shapiro, BA Liddle, JA AF Mathai, Pramod P. Carmichael, Peter T. Shapiro, Benjamin A. Liddle, J. Alexander TI Simultaneous positioning and orientation of single nano-wires using flow control SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES; CONTROLLED ROTATION; METALLIC NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; DIELECTROPHORESIS; MANIPULATION; ALIGNMENT; OBJECTS; ASSEMBLIES; TWEEZERS AB We present a material-property independent method for manipulating both the position and orientation of nanowires (NWs), by feedback control of flows. For example, the NWs need not be electromagnetically polarizable. Control of NWs in a microfluidic device is demonstrated across a 170 mu m 6 170 mu m region with on-demand trapping, translation, and simultaneous rotation of dielectric, semiconducting, and metallic NWs. An average trapping precision of 0.6 mu m in position and 5.4 degrees in orientation is achieved for the NWs considered, making it attractive for sensing and directed assembly applications. C1 [Mathai, Pramod P.; Carmichael, Peter T.; Shapiro, Benjamin A.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, CNST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathai, Pramod P.] Univ Maryland UMD, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Shapiro, Benjamin A.] UMD, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD USA. [Shapiro, Benjamin A.] UMD, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD USA. RP Mathai, PP (reprint author), NIST, CNST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ppm@umd.edu RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU UMD [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX We thank A. Berglund (CNST-NIST), R. Probst and Z. Cummins (both UMD) for helpful discussions. We also thank the following people at CNST-NIST: A. Band, D. Rutter and G. Holland for instrument setup; A. Talin and D. Ruzmetov for providing a sample of SiNWs. PPM acknowledges support under the cooperative research agreement between UMD and NIST-CNST (award 70NANB10H193). NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 8 BP 2677 EP 2682 DI 10.1039/c2ra23190e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 082XE UT WOS:000314426200023 ER PT J AU Lubchenco, J AF Lubchenco, Jane TI Minimizing Risks in a Climate-Changed World SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Lubchenco, Jane] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 54 IS 1 BP 14 EP 15 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 082IV UT WOS:000314386400003 ER PT J AU Efimenko, K Ozcam, AE Genzer, J Fischer, DA Phelan, FR Douglas, JF AF Efimenko, Kirill Oezcam, Ali E. Genzer, Jan Fischer, Daniel A. Phelan, Fredrick R., Jr. Douglas, Jack F. TI Self-assembly fronts in collision: impinging ordering organosilane layers SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; X-RAY; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; PROPAGATING FRONTS; WAVES; SURFACES; SILICA; CHAINS; DYNAMICS AB Colliding autocatalytic wave-fronts of self-assembling organosilane (OS) layers are generated through the controlled positioning of sources of the volatile OS material at the edges of a silica wafer and through adjustment of the container dimensions in which the wafer sources are placed. The concentration profiles and molecular orientation of the OS colliding wave-fronts are assessed by means of combinatorial near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. For systems involving self-assembly wave-fronts developing from the same OS precursor molecule, the shapes of interfacial region arising from front collision are centro-symmetrical and slowly 'heal' to form a uniform OS layer. In contrast, heterogeneous systems, involving OS molecules having different chemistries exhibit different rates of advance and highly non-symmetrical concentration profiles after front collision. We discuss the general nature of our OS colliding front data in terms of a mean field model of colliding reaction-diffusion fronts that generalizes a model introduced before for describing single OS front propagation. C1 [Efimenko, Kirill; Oezcam, Ali E.; Genzer, Jan] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Phelan, Fredrick R., Jr.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Genzer, J (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM Jan_Genzer@ncsu.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0853667]; U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences FX We thank the National Science Foundation for supporting this work through Grant no. CBET-0853667. NEXAFS spectroscopy experiments were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Division of Materials Sciences and Division of Chemical Sciences. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 8 BP 2493 EP 2505 DI 10.1039/c2sm27600c PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 080UE UT WOS:000314268200019 ER PT J AU Ko, SH Du, K Liddle, JA AF Ko, Seung Hyeon Du, Kan Liddle, J. Alexander TI Quantum-Dot Fluorescence Lifetime Engineering with DNA Origami Constructs SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE DNA origami; fluorescence lifetime; nanoparticles; quantum dots; single-molecule studies ID GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ENERGY-TRANSFER; ENHANCEMENT; FRET; SURFACE; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; TRACKING; ASSAY C1 [Ko, Seung Hyeon; Du, Kan; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ko, Seung Hyeon; Du, Kan] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX Dr. S. H. Ko and Dr. K. Du acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award number 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. The authors are grateful to Dr. H. Lezec and Dr. G. M. Gregg for helpful advice. The authors thank Dr. V. Szalai for helpful discussions and helping with the fluorimeter and Prof. A. Agrawal for comments. The authors also thank Dr. H. Yoon and Dr. J. Schumacher for helping with SEM imaging and Dr. T. Lam for TEM imaging. NR 42 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 109 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1193 EP 1197 DI 10.1002/anie.201206253 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 073BW UT WOS:000313719300020 PM 23280915 ER PT J AU Li, YT Fang, F Song, Y Li, YS Sun, DL Zheng, SY Bendersky, LA Zhang, QG Ouyang, LZ Zhu, M AF Li, Yongtao Fang, Fang Song, Yun Li, Yuesheng Sun, Dalin Zheng, Shiyou Bendersky, Leonid A. Zhang, Qingan Ouyang, Liuzhang Zhu, Min TI Hydrogen storage of a novel combined system of LiNH2-NaMgH3: synergistic effects of in situ formed alkali and alkaline-earth metal hydrides SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID N-H SYSTEM; REACTION PATHWAYS; LITHIUM AMIDE; LI; DEHYDROGENATION; DESORPTION; MECHANISM; NITRIDES; IMIDES; LINH2 AB Bimetallic hydride NaMgH3 is used for the first time as a vehicle to enhance hydrogen release and uptake from LiNH2. The combination of NaMgH3 with LiNH2 at a molar ratio of 1:2 can release about 4.0 wt% of hydrogen without detectable NH3 emission in the temperature range of 45 degrees C to 325 degrees C and exhibiting superior dehydrogenation as compared to individual NaH and/or MgH2 combined with LiNH2. A high capacity retention of about 75% resulting from the introduction of NaMgH3 is also achieved in LiNH2 as well as re-hydrogenation under milder conditions of 180 degrees C and 5 MPa H-2 pressure. These significant improvements are attributed to synergistic effects of in situ formed NaH and MgH2 via the decomposition of NaMgH3 where a succession of competing reactions from the cyclic consumption/recovery of NaH are involved and serve as a "carrier" for the ultra-rapid conveyance of the N-containing species between the [NH2](-) amide and the resulting [NH](2-) imide complexes. C1 [Li, Yongtao; Fang, Fang; Song, Yun; Li, Yuesheng; Sun, Dalin] Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zheng, Shiyou; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Qingan] Anhui Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Maanshan 243002, Peoples R China. [Ouyang, Liuzhang; Zhu, Min] S China Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Sun, DL (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Mat Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM dlsun@fudan.edu.cn; memzhu@scut.edu.au RI Zheng, Shiyou/D-3645-2012; Ouyang, Liuzhang/K-8371-2012 OI Ouyang, Liuzhang/0000-0002-2754-4011 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2010CB631302, 2010DFA64080]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [20833009, 50925102, 50971001, 51001028]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2011M500543] FX This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2010CB631302, 2010DFA64080), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 20833009, 50925102, 50971001, 51001028) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Projects (No. 2011M500543). NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2013 VL 42 IS 5 BP 1810 EP 1819 DI 10.1039/c2dt31923c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 071TG UT WOS:000313616600054 PM 23165760 ER PT J AU Cowen, RK Greer, AT Guigand, CM Hare, JA Richardson, DE Walsh, HJ AF Cowen, Robert K. Greer, Adam T. Guigand, Cedric M. Hare, Jonathan A. Richardson, David E. Walsh, Harvey J. TI Evaluation of the In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS): comparison with the traditional (bongo net) sampler SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LIFE-HISTORY; GEORGES BANK; PLANKTON; FISH; ABUNDANCE; INDEXES; RECOGNITION; VARIABILITY AB Plankton and larval fish sampling programs often are limited by a balance between sampling frequency (for precision) and costs. Advancements in sampling techniques hold the potential to add considerable efficiency and, therefore, add sampling frequency to improve precision. We compare a newly developed plankton imaging system, In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS), with a bongo sampler, which is a traditional plankton sampling gear developed in the 1960s. Comparative sampling was conducted along 2 transects similar to 30-40 km long. Over 2 days, we completed 36 ISIIS tow-yo undulations and 11 bongo oblique tows, each from the surface to within 10 m of the seafloor. Overall, the 2 gears detected comparable numbers of larval fishes, representing similar taxonomic compositions, although larvae captured with the bongo were capable of being identified to lower taxonomic levels, especially larvae in the small (<5 mm), preflexion stages. Size distributions of the sampled larval fishes differed considerably between these 2 sampling methods, with the size range and mean size of larval fishes larger with ISIIS than with the bongo sampler. The high frequency and fine spatial scale of ISIIS allow it to add considerable sampling precision (i.e., more vertical sections) to plankton surveys. Improvements in the ISIIS technology (including greater depth of field and image resolution) should also increase taxonomic resolution and decrease processing time. When coupled with appropriate net sampling (for the purpose of collecting and verifying the identification of biological samples), the use of ISIIS could improve overall survey design and simultaneously provide detailed, process-oriented information for fisheries scientists and oceanographers. C1 [Cowen, Robert K.; Greer, Adam T.; Guigand, Cedric M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.; Richardson, David E.; Walsh, Harvey J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Cowen, RK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rcowen@rsmas.miami.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group; Geosciences Directorate of U.S. National Science Foundation FX The authors wish to acknowledge the crew and captain of the NOAA Ship Delaware II for their support in deploying our instrumentation. We also acknowledge K. Hyde (NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center) for providing the satellite data depicted in Figure 1. We appreciate funding from several sources, especially the National Marine Fisheries Service's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group and the Geosciences Directorate of the U.S. National Science Foundation. This manuscript was improved by careful reading and comments from D. Johnson (NOAA). NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 37 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.7755/FB.111.1.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 078GI UT WOS:000314086300001 ER PT J AU Rose, CS Hammond, CF Stoner, AW Munk, JE Gauvin, JR AF Rose, Craig S. Hammond, Carwyn F. Stoner, Allan W. Munk, J. Eric Gauvin, John R. TI Quantification and reduction of unobserved mortality rates for snow, southern Tanner, and red king crabs (Chionoecetes opilio, C. bairdi, and Paralithodes camtschaticus) after encounters with trawls on the seafloor SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID REFLEX IMPAIRMENT; FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM; BYCATCH AB Unobserved mortalities of nontarget species are among the most troubling and difficult issues associated with fishing, especially when those species are targeted by other fisheries. Of such concern are mortalities of crab species of the Bering Sea, which are exposed to bottom trawling from groundfish fisheries. Uncertainty in the management of these fisheries has been exacerbated by unknown mortality rates for crabs struck by trawls. In this study, the mortality rates for 3 species of commercially important crabs-red king crab, (Paralithodes camtschaticus), snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) and southern Tanner crab (C. bairdi)-that encounter different components of bottom trawls were estimated through capture of crabs behind the bottom trawl and by evaluation of immediate and delayed mortalities. We used a reflex action mortality predictor to predict delayed mortalities. Estimated mortality rates varied by species and by the part of the trawl gear encountered. Red king crab were more vulnerable than snow or southern Tanner crabs. Crabs were more likely to die after encountering the footrope than the sweeps of the trawl, and higher death rates were noted for the side sections of the footrope than for the center footrope section. Mortality rates were <= 16%, except for red king crab that passed under the trawl wings (32%). Herding devices (sweeps) can expand greatly the area of seafloor from which flatfishes are captured, and they subject crabs in that additional area to lower (4-9%) mortality rates. Raising sweep cables off of the seafloor reduced red king crab mortality rates from 10% to 4%. C1 [Rose, Craig S.; Hammond, Carwyn F.] NOAA, Conservat Engn Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Munk, J. Eric] NOAA, Shellfish Assessment Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Gauvin, John R.] Alaska Seafood Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. RP Rose, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Engn Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM craig.rose@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board [11]; National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA FX This study was primarily funded under a grant from the North Pacific Research Board (project 711), with additional support from the National Cooperative Research and National Bycatch Reduction Engineering Programs of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. We gratefully acknowledge the substantial contributions of Captain L. Perry and his crew on the FV Pacific Explorer and the invaluable sampling efforts of P. Iseri, S. Walters, D. Evans, and K. Lee, and particularly D. Benjamin, who participated during all 3 summers of this study. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 21 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 42 EP 53 DI 10.7755/FB.111.1.4 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 078GI UT WOS:000314086300004 ER PT J AU Laidig, TE Krigsman, LM Yoklavich, MM AF Laidig, Thomas E. Krigsman, Lisa M. Yoklavich, Mary M. TI Reactions of fishes to two underwater survey tools, a manned submersible and a remotely operated vehicle SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DEEP-WATER FISH; DEMERSAL FISH; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; POPULATION-DENSITY; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; VISUAL SURVEYS; NE ATLANTIC; ROCKFISH; BEHAVIOR AB We examined the reactions of fishes to a manned submersible and a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during surveys conducted in habitats of rock and mud at depths of 30-408 m off central California in 2007. We observed 26 taxa for 10,550 fishes observed from the submersible and for 16,158 fishes observed from the ROV. A reaction was defined as a distinct movement of a fish that, for a benthic or hovering individual, was greater than one body length away from its initial position or, for a swimming individual, was a change of course or speed. Of the observed fishes, 57% reacted to the ROV and 11% reacted to the submersible. Aggregating species and those species initially observed off the seafloor reacted most often to both vehicles. Fishes reacted more often to each vehicle when they were >1 m above the seafloor (22% of all fishes >1 m above the seafloor reacted to the submersible and 73% to the ROV) than when they were in contact with the seafloor (2% of all reactions to the submersible and 18% to the ROV). Fishes reacted by swimming away from both vehicles rather than toward them. Consideration of these reactions can inform survey designs and selection of survey tools and can, thereby, increase the reliability of fish assemblage metrics (e.g., abundance, density, and biomass) and assessments of fish and habitat associations. C1 [Laidig, Thomas E.; Krigsman, Lisa M.; Yoklavich, Mary M.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Laidig, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM tom.laidig@noaa.gov FU California Ocean Protection Council FX We thank R. Starr, co-principal investigator of the Delta submersible cruise; J. Butler for the use and operation of the ROV; S. Mau for piloting the ROV; Delta Oceanographics; and the crews of the FV Velero IV and the David Starr Jordan. We thank M. Love, M. Nishimoto, T. O'Connell, and D. Watters for help with data collection. D. Watters also created the map of our study site. We also thank C. Rooper, S. Sogard, K. Stierhoff, R. Starr, and L. Wedding for their helpful comments on early versions of this manuscript. This study was funded in part by a grant from the California Ocean Protection Council to R. Starr and M. Yoklavich. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 27 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 54 EP 67 DI 10.7755/FB.111.1.5 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 078GI UT WOS:000314086300005 ER PT J AU Weber, TC Rooper, C Butler, J Jones, D Wilson, C AF Weber, Thomas C. Rooper, Christopher Butler, John Jones, Darin Wilson, Chris TI Seabed classification for trawlability determined with a multibeam echo sounder on Snakehead Bank in the Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; ROCKFISH ABUNDANCE; UNTRAWLABLE AREAS; SHELF; REVERBERATION; BATHYMETRY; SIZE; ME70 AB Rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) tend to aggregate near rocky, cobble, or generally rugged areas that are difficult to survey with bottom trawls, and evidence indicates that assemblages of rockfish species may differ between areas accessible to trawling and those areas that are not. Consequently, it is important to determine grounds that are trawlable or untrawlable so that the areas where trawl survey results should be applied are accurately identified. To this end, we used multibeam echosounder data to generate metrics that describe the seafloor: backscatter strength at normal and oblique incidence angles, the variation of the angle-dependent backscatter strength within 10 degrees of normal incidence, the scintillation of the acoustic intensity scattered from the seafloor, and the seafloor rugosity. We used these metrics to develop a binary classification scheme to estimate where the seafloor is expected to be trawlable. The multibeam echosounder data were verified through analyses of video and still images collected with a stereo drop camera and a remotely operated vehicle in a study at Snakehead Bank, similar to 100 km south of Kodiak Island in the Gulf of Alaska. Comparisons of different combinations of metrics derived from the multibeam data indicated that the oblique-incidence backscatter strength was the most accurate estimator of trawlability at Snakehead Bank and that the addition of other metrics provided only marginal improvements. If successful on a wider scale in the Gulf of Alaska, this acoustic remote-sensing technique, or a similar one, could help improve the accuracy of rockfish stock assessments. C1 [Weber, Thomas C.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Rooper, Christopher; Jones, Darin; Wilson, Chris] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Butler, John] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Weber, TC (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM weber@ccom.unh.edu RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X FU North Pacific Research Board [373]; NOAA [NA05N0S4001153] FX Support for this work was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (contribution no. 373). Additional support for T. Weber was provided by NOAA (grant NA05N0S4001153). We would like to acknowledge the crews of the NOAA Ship Oscar Dyson and FV Epic Explorer for their help during data collection. We would also like to thank M. Martin, D. Somerton, and W. Palsson for their thoughtful reviews of this manuscript. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 30 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.7755/FB.111.1.6 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 078GI UT WOS:000314086300006 ER PT J AU Staaf, DJ Redfern, JV Gilly, WF Watson, W Ballance, LT AF Staaf, Danna J. Redfern, Jessica V. Gilly, William F. Watson, William Ballance, Lisa T. TI Distribution of ommastrephid paralarvae in the eastern tropical Pacific SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SQUID DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; JUMBO SQUID; TODARODES-PACIFICUS; OKI ISLANDS; EL-NINO; CEPHALOPODA; OCEANOGRAPHY; MEXICO; OCEAN AB Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) and purpleback squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) (Teuthida: Ommastrephidae) are thought to spawn in the eastern tropical Pacific. We used 10 years of plankton tow and oceanographic data collected in this region to examine the reproductive habits of these 2 ecologically important squid. Para larvae of jumbo squid and purpleback squid were found in 781 of 1438 plankton samples from surface and oblique tows conducted by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA) in the eastern tropical Pacific over the 8-year period of 1998-2006. Paralarvae were far more abundant in surface tows (maximum: 1588 individuals) than in oblique tows (maximum: 64 individuals). A generalized linear model analysis revealed sea-surface temperature as the strongest environmental predictor of paralarval presence in both surface and oblique tows; the likelihood of paralarval presence increases with increasing temperature. We used molecular techniques to identify paralarvae from 37 oblique tows to species level and found that the purpleback squid was more abundant than the jumbo squid (81 versus 16 individuals). C1 [Staaf, Danna J.; Gilly, William F.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Redfern, Jessica V.; Watson, William; Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Staaf, DJ (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM dannajoy@gmail.com FU Nancy Foster Scholarship Program of NOAA; National Science Foundation [OCE0526640, OCE0850839] FX To the cruise coordinators, the net-towing oceanographers, the plankton-sorting students and contractors, and the commanding officers and crew of the research vessels, we offer our boundless gratitude. We also thank P. Fiedler and staff at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center for processing oceanographic data, M. Ohman for providing ethanol-preserved samples and advice, A. Townsend for oversight of sample processing, L. Lorenzo for sample sorting, C. Elliger and Z. Lebaric for DNA sequencing, G. Watters for project guidance. We are also grateful for support from the Nancy Foster Scholarship Program of NOAA (to DJS) and the National Science Foundation (OCE0526640 and OCE0850839 to WFG). NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 16 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.7755/FB.111.1.7 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 078GI UT WOS:000314086300007 ER PT J AU Burchard, KA Juanes, F Rountree, RA Roumillat, WA AF Burchard, Katie A. Juanes, Francis Rountree, Rodney A. Roumillat, William A. TI Staging ovaries of Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus): implications for maturity indices and field sampling practices SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MARINE FISHES; ATLANTIC; MATURATION; PERIODICITY; DYNAMICS; OOCYTES AB We build on recent efforts to standardize maturation staging methods through the development of a field-proof macroscopic ovarian maturity index for Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) for studies on diel spawning periodicity. A comparison of field and histological observations helped us to improve the field index and methods, and provided useful insight into the reproductive biology of Haddock and other boreal determinate fecundity species. We found reasonable agreement between field and histological methods, except for the regressing and regenerating stages (however, differentiation of these 2 stages is the least important distinction for determination of maturity or reproductive dynamics). The staging of developing ovaries was problematic for both methods partly because of asynchronous oocyte hydration during the early stage of oocyte maturation. Although staging on the basis of histology in a laboratory is generally more accurate than macroscopic staging methods in the field, we found that field observations can uncover errors in laboratory staging that result from bias in sampling unrepresentative portions of ovaries. For 2 specimens, immature ovaries observed during histological examination were incorrectly assigned as regenerating during macroscopic staging. This type of error can lead to miscalculation of length at maturity and of spawning stock biomass, metrics that are used to characterize the state of a fish population. The revised field index includes 3 new macroscopic stages that represent final oocyte maturation in a batch of oocytes and were found to be reliable for staging spawning readiness in the field. The index was found to be suitable for studies of diel spawning periodicity and conforms to recent standardization guidelines. C1 [Burchard, Katie A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Juanes, Francis] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Rountree, Rodney A.] Marine Ecol & Technol Applicat Inc, Waquoit, MA 02536 USA. [Roumillat, William A.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Burchard, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Narragansett Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM katie.burchard@noaa.gov FU The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant College Program, under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06OAR4170019, 2005-R/RD-29] FX This publication is the result of research sponsored by The Massachusetts Institute of Technology Sea Grant College Program, under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration grant number NA06OAR4170019 and project number 2005-R/RD-29. The authors thank the cooperative work and generosity of fishermen T. Hill, P. Powell, and J. Montgomery. We also thank C. Goudey, S. Cadrin, and R. McBride for project advice and support. The assistance of various volunteers in the field and laboratory work is appreciated. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 111 IS 1 BP 90 EP 106 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 078GI UT WOS:000314086300008 ER PT J AU Ferraro, RR Peters-Lidard, CD Hernandez, C Turk, FJ Aires, F Prigent, C Lin, X Boukabara, SA Furuzawa, FA Gopalan, K Harrison, KW Karbou, F Li, L Liu, CT Masunaga, H Moy, L Ringerud, S Skofronick-Jackson, GM Tian, YD Wang, NY AF Ferraro, Ralph R. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Hernandez, Cecilia Turk, F. Joseph Aires, Filipe Prigent, Catherine Lin, Xin Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed Furuzawa, Fumie A. Gopalan, Kaushik Harrison, Kenneth W. Karbou, Fatima Li, Li Liu, Chuntao Masunaga, Hirohiko Moy, Leslie Ringerud, Sarah Skofronick-Jackson, Gail M. Tian, Yudong Wang, Nai-Yu TI An Evaluation of Microwave Land Surface Emissivities Over the Continental United States to Benefit GPM-Era Precipitation Algorithms SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Emissivity; land surface; passive microwave remote sensing; precipitation ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GLOBAL 4DVAR ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; AMSU OBSERVATIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE; WATER-VAPOR; RETRIEVAL; MODELS; GHZ; WORKSHOP AB Passive microwave (PMW) satellite-based precipitation over land algorithms rely on physical models to define the most appropriate channel combinations to use in the retrieval, yet typically require considerable empirical adaptation of the model for use with the satellite measurements. Although low-frequency channels are better suited to measure the emission due to liquid associated with rain, most techniques to date rely on high-frequency, scattering-based schemes since the low-frequency methods are limited to the highly variable land surface background, whose radiometric contribution is substantial and can vary more than the contribution of the rain signal. Thus, emission techniques are generally useless over the majority of the Earth's surface. As a first step toward advancing to globally useful physical retrieval schemes, an intercomparison project was organized to determine the accuracy and variability of several emissivity retrieval schemes. A three-year period (July 2004-June 2007) over different targets with varying surface characteristics was developed. The PMW radiometer data used includes the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers, SSMI Sounder, Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI), Advanced Microwave Sounding Units, and Microwave Humidity Sounder, along with land surface model emissivity estimates. Results from three specific targets in North America were examined. While there are notable discrepancies among the estimates, similar seasonal trends and associated variability were noted. Because of differences in the treatment surface temperature in the various techniques, it was found that comparing the product of temperature and emissivity yielded more insight than when comparing the emissivity alone. This product is the major contribution to the overall signal measured by PMW sensors and, if it can be properly retrieved, will improve the utility of emission techniques for over land precipitation retrievals. As a more rigorous means of comparison, these emissivity time series were analyzed jointly with precipitation data sets, to examine the emissivity response immediately following rain events. The results demonstrate that while the emissivity structure can be fairly well characterized for certain surface types, there are other more complex surfaces where the underlying variability is more than can be captured with the PMW channels. The implications for Global Precipitation Measurement-era algorithms suggest that physical retrievals are feasible over vegetated land during the warm seasons. C1 [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Lin, Xin; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail M.; Tian, Yudong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Turk, F. Joseph] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Radar Sci Grp, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Aires, Filipe] Estellus, Paris, France. [Prigent, Catherine] CNRS, Observ Paris, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, Paris, France. [Lin, Xin; Wang, Nai-Yu] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed; Moy, Leslie] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Furuzawa, Fumie A.; Masunaga, Hirohiko] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Gopalan, Kaushik] ISRO, Ctr Space Applicat, Ahmadabad 380053, Gujarat, India. [Harrison, Kenneth W.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Karbou, Fatima] Meteo France, Natl Ctr Meteorol Res, GAME, Minist Ecol Dev Durable Transports & Logement, Toulouse, France. [Li, Li] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Liu, Chuntao] Univ Utah, Dept Atmospher Sci, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ringerud, Sarah] Colorado State Univ, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ferraro, RR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Ralph.R.Ferraro@noaa.gov RI Masunaga, Hirohiko/C-2488-2008; Skofronick-Jackson, Gail/D-5354-2012; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Wang, Nai-Yu/E-5303-2016; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; PMM, JAXA/K-8537-2016 OI Masunaga, Hirohiko/0000-0002-6336-5002; Gopalan, Kaushik/0000-0002-7980-6183; Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NASA's Precipitation Measuring Missions (PMM) program; NESDIS FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) (R. Kakar, A. Hou, J. Pereira, A. Powell). The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the author(s) and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government.; The authors acknowledge support through NASA's Precipitation Measuring Missions (PMM) program, in particular, R. Kakar, PMM Program Scientist and A. Hou, PMM Project Scientist. Ferraro, Hernandez, and Wang would also like to acknowledge support from NESDIS (J. Pereira and A. Powell). Peters-Lidard, Harrison and Tian gratefully acknowledge support from NASA and the Air Force Weather Agency supporting LIS/CRTM coupling for the JCSDA. TRMM data were made available through the NASA/GSFC Precipitation Processing System (PPS). F. J. Turk's work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 45 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 40 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 378 EP 398 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2199121 PN 2 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300003 ER PT J AU Lei, L Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ AF Lei, Lei Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. TI Bias Correction for Polarimetric Phased-Array Radar With Idealized Aperture and Patch Antenna Elements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric measurements; phased-array radar (PAR); polarimetry; remote sensing; scattering ID RAINFALL ESTIMATION; POLARIZATION AB Polarimetric phased-array radar (PPAR) creates biases in observed polarimetric parameters when the beam is pointed off broadside. Thus, a bias correction matrix needs to be applied for each beam direction. A bias correction matrix is developed for array elements consisting of either waveguide apertures or patches. Correction matrices are given for both the Alternate Transmission and Simultaneous Reception mode and the Simultaneous Transmission and Simultaneous Reception mode. The biases of polarimetric parameters measured with a PPAR without the application of a correction matrix are presented. C1 [Lei, Lei; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Lei, L (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM leilei@ou.edu; guzhang1@ou.edu; Dick.Doviak@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320904]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1046171] FX The work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA08OAR4320904 and in part the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1046171. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 473 EP 486 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2198070 PN 2 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300009 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Alvarez, N Akos, DM Zavorotny, VU Smith, JA Camps, A Fairall, CW AF Rodriguez-Alvarez, Nereida Akos, Dennis M. Zavorotny, Valery U. Smith, Jeffrey A. Camps, Adriano Fairall, Christopher W. TI Airborne GNSS-R Wind Retrievals Using Delay-Doppler Maps SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Bistatic radar; delay-Doppler mapping; global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs); Global Positioning System (GPS); ocean surface; oceanography; reflected GPS; scatterometry ID REFLECTED GPS SIGNALS; SEA-SURFACE; OCEAN SURFACE; REAL-TIME; SPEED; SCATTERING; IMPACT; MODEL AB Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reflectometry has emerged recently as a promising remote sensing tool to retrieve various geophysical parameters of the Earth's surface. GNSS-reflected signals, after being received and processed by the airborne or spaceborne receiver, are available as delay correlation waveforms or as delay-Doppler maps (DDMs). In the case of a rough ocean surface, those characteristics can be related to the rms of the L-band limited slopes of the surface waves and, from there, to the surface wind speed. The raw GNSS-reflected signal can be either processed in real time by the receiver or recorded and stored on board and postprocessed in a laboratory. The latter approach leveraging a software receiver allows more flexibility while processing the raw data. This work analyzes DDMs obtained as a result of processing of the data collected by the Global Positioning System (GPS) data logger/software receiver on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Gulfstream-IV jet aircraft. Thereafter, the DDMs were used to retrieve surface wind speed employing several different metrics that characterize the DDM extent in the Doppler frequency-delay domain. In contrast to previous works in which winds have been retrieved by fitting the theoretically modeled curves into measured correlation waveforms, here, we do not rely on any model for the determination. Instead, the approach is based on a linear regression between DDM observables and the wind speeds obtained in simultaneous GPS dropsonde measurements. C1 [Rodriguez-Alvarez, Nereida; Camps, Adriano] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Remote Sensing Lab, Dept Teoria Senyal & Comunicac, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Rodriguez-Alvarez, Nereida] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya, Ctr Rececerca AErospacial, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. [Rodriguez-Alvarez, Nereida; Zavorotny, Valery U.; Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Akos, Dennis M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smith, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Aircraft Operat Ctr, Tampa, FL 33608 USA. [Camps, Adriano] Univ Politecn Cataluna, IEEC CRAE, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RP Rodriguez-Alvarez, N (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Remote Sensing Lab, Dept Teoria Senyal & Comunicac, ES-08034 Barcelona, Spain. RI Camps, Adriano/D-2592-2011 OI Camps, Adriano/0000-0002-9514-4992 FU Spanish National Research and European Union Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional Project [ESP2007-65667-C04-02, BES-2008-001902]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. Part of this study has been carried out during the Ph.D. thesis stay of one of the coauthors which was funded by the Spanish National Research and European Union Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional Project ESP2007-65667-C04-02 (Formacion del Personal Investigador grant with reference BES-2008-001902). NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 30 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 626 EP 641 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2196437 PN 2 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300022 ER PT J AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ Raja, MKRV Li, YP Wang, LK Goldberg, M AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Li, Yaping Wang, Likun Goldberg, Mitchell TI Diurnal and Scan Angle Variations in the Calibration of GOES Imager Infrared Channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Diurnal calibration variation; GEO-LEO intercalibration; Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager; GSICS; infrared channels; radiometric calibration; scan angle variation ID SOUNDER AIRS; INTERCALIBRATION; SATELLITES; PRELAUNCH; SYSTEM AB The current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Imager infrared (IR) channels experience a midnight effect that can result in erroneous instrument responsivity around satellite midnight. An empirical method named the Midnight Blackbody Calibration Correction (MBCC) was developed and implemented in the GOES Imager IR operational calibration, aiming to correct the midnight calibration errors. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the MBCC performance for the GOES-11/-12 Imager IR channels by examining the diurnal variation of the mean brightness temperature (Tb) bias with respect to reference instruments. Two well-calibrated hyperspectral radiometers on low Earth orbits (LEOs), the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on the Aqua satellite and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the Metop-A satellite, are used as the reference instruments in this study. However, as the timing of the collocated geostationary-LEO intercalibration data is related to the GOES scan angle, it is then necessary to assess the GOES scan angle calibration variations, which becomes the second objective of this study. Our results show that the applications and performance of the MBCC method varies greatly between the different channels and different times. While it is usually applied with high frequency for about 8 h around satellite midnight for the short-wave channels (Ch2), it may only be intensively used right after satellite midnight or even barely used for the other IR channels. The MBCC method, if applied with high frequency, can reduce the mean day/night calibration difference to less than 0.15 K in almost all the GOES IR channels studied in this paper except for Ch4 (10.7 mu m). The uncertainty of the nighttime GOES and IASI Tb difference for different scan angles is less than 0.1 K in each IR channel, indicating that there is no apparent systematic variation with the scan angle, and therefore, the estimated diurnal cycles of GOES Imager calibration is not prone to the systematic effects due to scan angle. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian; Goldberg, Mitchell] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Raja, M. K. Rama Varma; Li, Yaping] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Wang, Likun] Dell, Round Rock, TX 78682 USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov; xiangqian.wu@noaa.gov; rama.mundakkara@ssaihq.com; Yaping.li@noaa.gov; Likun.Wang@noaa.gov; mitch.goldberg@noaa.gov RI Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research; National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), through the Calibration and Validation project FX This work was supported by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), through the Calibration and Validation project. The contents of this paper are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 IS 1 BP 671 EP 683 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2197627 PN 2 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 077IO UT WOS:000314021300025 ER PT J AU Luo, YL Wang, H Zhang, RH Qian, WM Luo, ZZ AF Luo, Yali Wang, Hui Zhang, Renhe Qian, Weimiao Luo, Zhengzhao TI Comparison of Rainfall Characteristics and Convective Properties of Monsoon Precipitation Systems over South China and the Yangtze and Huai River Basin SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; TIBETAN PLATEAU; PART I; LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICS; CIRCULATION FEATURES; TRMM OBSERVATIONS; HIMALAYAN REGION; ICE SCATTERING; RADAR; THUNDERSTORMS AB Rainfall characteristics and convective properties of monsoon precipitation systems over South China (SC) and the Yangtze and Huai River basin (YHRB) are investigated using multiple satellite products, surface rainfall observations, NCEP reanalysis, and weather maps. Comparisons between SC and YHRB are made for their monsoon active periods and their subseasonal variations from the premonsoon to monsoon and further to postmonsoon periods. The principal findings are as follows. (i) During the monsoon active period, region-averaged rain accumulation is greater in SC due to more frequent occurrence of precipitation systems; however, heavy rainfall contribution is greater in YHRB. These differences are related to more intense convective motion over the YHRB in association with the flatter land and more concurrent presence and stronger intensity of the low-level vortices and surface fronts. (ii) Largely in agreement with the subseasonal variations of the atmospheric thermodynamic conditions, convective intensity is enhanced progressively from the premonsoon to the monsoon and further to the postmonsoon period in both regions, as suggested by most convection proxies, except for lightning flash rate, which decreases substantially over SC but increases slightly over the YHRB from the premonsoon to the monsoon period. (iii) Compared to the monsoon active period, precipitation storms in both regions during the postmonsoon and monsoon break periods are more controlled by local instability due to solar heating but less controlled by larger-scale weather systems. This scale difference in the driving mechanisms leads to the smaller horizontal extent of the precipitation systems during the postmonsoon and monsoon break periods and also to the more pronounced afternoon peaks in precipitation system occurrence in the postmonsoon period. C1 [Luo, Yali; Wang, Hui; Zhang, Renhe; Qian, Weimiao] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hui] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Luo, YL (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM yali@cams.cma.gov.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB417202]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175049, 40921003]; National Key Technology R&D Program of China [2012BAC22B03]; Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) [2012Y001]; NASA [NNX10AM31G, NNX12AC13G] FX This research is jointly supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program; 2012CB417202), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Projects 41175049 and 40921003), the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2012BAC22B03), and the Basic Research Fund of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) (2012Y001). Dr. Z. Luo acknowledges supports from NASA under Grant NNX10AM31G and NNX12AC13G. We also acknowledge the National Meteorological Center of the China Meteorological Administration for providing the weather maps. We thank Drs. Edward Zipser and Chuntao Liu at University of Utah for the help on using the TRMM data. Thanks are also given to our colleagues Tao Niu and Min Wen, respectively, for providing the gridded daily rainfall product and helpful discussions. The NCEP FNL data were obtained from the Research Data Archive (RDA), which is maintained by the Computational and Information Systems Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NR 58 TC 18 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 BP 110 EP 132 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00100.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 072ZF UT WOS:000313712100006 ER PT J AU Winton, M Adcroft, A Griffies, SM Hallberg, RW Horowitz, LW Stouffer, RJ AF Winton, Michael Adcroft, Alistair Griffies, Stephen M. Hallberg, Robert W. Horowitz, Larry W. Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Influence of Ocean and Atmosphere Components on Simulated Climate Sensitivities SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID Z-COORDINATE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MODELS; REPRESENTATION; ENTRAINMENT; AOGCM AB The influence of alternative ocean and atmosphere subcomponents on climate model simulation of transient sensitivities is examined by comparing three GFDL climate models used for phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The base model ESM2M is closely related to GFDL's CMIP3 climate model version 2.1 (CM2.1), and makes use of a depth coordinate ocean component. The second model, ESM2G, is identical to ESM2M but makes use of an isopycnal coordinate ocean model. The authors compare the impact of this "ocean swap" with an "atmosphere swap" that produces the GFDL Climate Model version 3 (CM3) by replacing the AM2 atmospheric component with AM3 while retaining a depth coordinate ocean model. The atmosphere swap is found to have much larger influence on sensitivities of global surface temperature and Northern Hemisphere sea ice cover. The atmosphere swap also introduces a multidecadal response time scale through its indirect influence on heat uptake. Despite significant differences in their interior ocean mean states, the ESM2M and ESM2G simulations of these metrics of climate change are very similar, except for an enhanced high-latitude salinity response accompanied by temporarily advancing sea ice in ESM2G. In the ESM2G historical simulation this behavior results in the establishment of a strong halocline in the subpolar North Atlantic during the early twentieth century and an associated cooling, which are counter to observations in that region. The Atlantic meridional overturning declines comparably in all three models. C1 [Winton, Michael; Adcroft, Alistair; Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert W.; Horowitz, Larry W.; Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Winton, M (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM michael.winton@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 BP 231 EP 245 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00121.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 072ZF UT WOS:000313712100013 ER PT J AU Weaver, SJ AF Weaver, Scott J. TI Factors Associated with Decadal Variability in Great Plains Summertime Surface Temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; LOW-LEVEL JET; 20TH-CENTURY CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION AB Decadal variability of summertime Great Plains surface temperature is probed from the perspective of the Great Plains low-level jet (GPLLJ). GPLLJ variability modes 2 and 5 are shown to be most influential on the evolution and magnitude of Great Plains surface temperature anomalies over the latter half of the twentieth century, including the development of the summertime warming hole and are further linked to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), respectively. The connection between GPLLJ variability and Great Plains surface temperature is strongest when the PDO and AMO are oppositely phased, and in the case of the warming hole, a preference for a positive (negative) PDO (AMO). The influence of remote SST variability on the central U. S. warming hole is broadly consistent with previous modeling studies. However, the pivotal role that GPLLJ variability plays in linking the hemispheric-wide SST variability (through the AMO and PDO) to the regional warming hole is an expanded and clarified perspective. These findings unify the results of recent studies from the U. S. Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Drought Working Group and have implications for decadal climate prediction efforts. C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Weaver, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM scott.weaver@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 BP 343 EP 350 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00713.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 072ZF UT WOS:000313712100021 ER PT J AU Villarini, G Smith, JA Vecchi, GA AF Villarini, Gabriele Smith, James A. Vecchi, Gabriel A. TI Changing Frequency of Heavy Rainfall over the Central United States SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; TRENDS; 20TH-CENTURY; REGRESSION; EVENTS; MODELS; CYCLE AB Records of daily rainfall accumulations from 447 rain gauge stations over the central United States (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, and Mississippi) are used to assess past changes in the frequency of heavy rainfall. Each station has a record of at least 50 yr, and the data cover most of the twentieth century and the first decade of the twenty-first century. Analyses are performed using a peaks-over-threshold approach, and, for each station, the 95th percentile is used as the threshold. Because of the count nature of the data and to account for both abrupt and slowly varying changes in the heavy rainfall distribution, a segmented regression is used to detect changepoints at unknown points in time. The presence of trends is assessed by means of a Poisson regression model to examine whether the rate of occurrence parameter is a linear function of time (by means of a logarithmic link function). The results point to increasing trends in heavy rainfall over the northern part of the study domain. Examination of the surface temperature record suggests that these increasing trends occur over the area with the largest increasing trends in temperature and, consequently, with an increase in atmospheric water vapor. C1 [Villarini, Gabriele; Smith, James A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Willis Res Network, London, England. [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Villarini, G (reprint author), Univ Iowa, C Maxwell Stanley Hydraul Lab 100, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gabriele-villarini@uiowa.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 FU Willis Research Network; NASA GPM FX This research was funded by the Willis Research Network and by NASA GPM. The authors thank Dr. Muggeo for making the segmented package (Muggeo 2008) freely available in R (R Development Core Team 2008), and Dr. Dai (editor) and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on a previous version of the manuscript. NR 42 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 BP 351 EP 357 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00043.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 072ZF UT WOS:000313712100022 ER PT J AU Chen, JH Lin, SJ AF Chen, Jan-Huey Lin, Shian-Jiann TI Seasonal Predictions of Tropical Cyclones Using a 25-km-Resolution General Circulation Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; REGIONAL ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; EAST-INDIAN OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; FREQUENCY; SIMULATIONS; IMPACT; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATOLOGY AB Retrospective seasonal predictions of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the three major ocean basins of the Northern Hemisphere are performed from 1990 to 2010 using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory High-Resolution Atmospheric Model (HiRAM) at 25-km resolution. Atmospheric states are initialized for each forecast, with the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) "persisted" from that at the starting time during the 5-month forecast period (July-November). Using a five-member ensemble, it is shown that the storm counts of both tropical storm (TS) and hurricane categories are highly predictable in the North Atlantic basin during the 21-yr period. The correlations between the 21-yr observed and model predicted storm counts are 0.88 and 0.89 for hurricanes and TSs, respectively. The prediction in the eastern North Pacific is skillful, but it is not as outstanding as that in the North Atlantic. The persistent SSTA assumption appears to be less robust for the western North Pacific, contributing to less skillful predictions in that region. The relative skill in the prediction of storm counts is shown to be consistent with the quality of the predicted large-scale environment in the three major basins. It is shown that intensity distribution of TCs can be captured well by the model if the central sea level pressure is used as the threshold variable instead of the commonly used 10-m wind speed. This demonstrates the feasibility of using the 25-km-resolution HiRAM, a general circulation model designed initially for long-term climate simulations, to study the impacts of climate change on the intensity distribution of TCs. C1 [Chen, Jan-Huey] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chen, Jan-Huey; Lin, Shian-Jiann] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Chen, JH (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM jan-huey.chen.ctr.tw@nrlmry.navy.mil FU NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project FX We thank Tim Marchok for his assistance on the use of the tracker program he developed, and Zhitao Yu for his assistance to process the storm filter program. We also thank Yuqing Wang for the discussion about the seasonal TC activities over the western Pacific Ocean. Funding from NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project made this project possible. NR 51 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 380 EP 398 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00061.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400002 ER PT J AU Foster, MJ Heidinger, A AF Foster, Michael J. Heidinger, Andrew TI PATMOS-x: Results from a Diurnally Corrected 30-yr Satellite Cloud Climatology SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; ISCCP DATA; VALIDATION; OCEANS; TRENDS; ECMWF; MODIS; CYCLE; AVHRR; MODEL AB Satellite drift is a historical issue affecting the consistency of those few satellite records capable of being used for studies on climate time scales. Here, the authors address this issue for the Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended (PATMOS-x)/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) cloudiness record, which spans three decades and 11 disparate sensors. A two-harmonic sinusoidal function is fit to a mean diurnal cycle of cloudiness derived over the course of the entire AVHRR record. The authors validate this function against measurements from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sensors, finding good agreement, and then test the stability of the diurnal cycle over the course of the AVHRR record. It is found that the diurnal cycle is subject to some interannual variability over land but that the differences are somewhat offset when averaged over an entire day. The fit function is used to generate daily averaged time series of ice, water, and total cloudiness over the tropics, where it is found that the diurnal correction affects the magnitude and even the sign of long-term cloudiness trends. A statistical method is applied to determine the minimum length of time required to detect significant trends, and the authors find that only recently have they begun generating satellite records of sufficient length to detect trends in cloudiness. C1 [Foster, Michael J.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Foster, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mfoster@aos.wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) FX We thank the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and their Climate Data Record (CDR) program for financial support of this project. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 414 EP 425 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00666.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400004 ER PT J AU Benedict, JJ Maloney, ED Sobel, AH Frierson, DM Donner, LJ AF Benedict, James J. Maloney, Eric D. Sobel, Adam H. Frierson, Dargan M. Donner, Leo J. TI Tropical Intraseasonal Variability in Version 3 of the GFDL Atmosphere Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; EQUATORIAL WAVES; CLIMATE MODELS; STRATIFORM INSTABILITY; VERTICAL STRUCTURE AB Tropical intraseasonal variability is examined in version 3 of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Atmosphere Model (AM3). In contrast to its predecessor AM2, AM3 uses a new treatment of deep and shallow cumulus convection and mesoscale clouds. The AM3 cumulus parameterization is a mass-flux-based scheme but also, unlike that in AM2, incorporates subgrid-scale vertical velocities; these play a key role in cumulus microphysical processes. The AM3 convection scheme allows multiphase water substance produced in deep cumuli to be transported directly into mesoscale clouds, which strongly influence large-scale moisture and radiation fields. The authors examine four AM3 simulations using a control model and three versions with different modifications to the deep convection scheme. In the control AM3, using a convective closure based on CAPE relaxation, both MJO and Kelvin waves are weak relative to those in observations. By modifying the convective closure and trigger assumptions to inhibit deep cumuli, AM3 produces reasonable intraseasonal variability but a degraded mean state. MJO-like disturbances in the modified AM3 propagate eastward at roughly the observed speed in the Indian Ocean but up to 2 times the observed speed in the west Pacific Ocean. Distinct differences in intraseasonal convective organization and propagation exist among the modified AM3 versions. Differences in vertical diabatic heating profiles associated with the MJO are also found. The two AM3 versions with the strongest intraseasonal signals have a more prominent "bottom heavy" heating profile leading the disturbance center and "top heavy" heating profile following the disturbance. The more realistic heating structures are associated with an improved depiction of moisture convergence and intraseasonal convective organization in AM3. C1 [Benedict, James J.; Maloney, Eric D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Math, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Sobel, Adam H.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [Frierson, Dargan M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Donner, Leo J.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Benedict, JJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jim@atmos.colostate.edu RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010; Benedict, James/M-5824-2013; Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008; Sobel, Adam/K-4014-2015 OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644; Benedict, James/0000-0001-5115-5131; Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611; Sobel, Adam/0000-0003-3602-0567 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320893, NA08OAR4320912]; Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation [AGS-1025584, ATM-1062161]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX We thank J.-L. Lin and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript. This work was supported by award NA08OAR4320893 (JJB, EDM) and NA08OAR4320912 (AHS) from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program of the National Science Foundation under Grants AGS-1025584 (EDM) and ATM-1062161 (EDM). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations do not necessarily reflect the views of NSF, NOAA, or the Department of Commerce. NR 82 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 426 EP 449 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00103.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400005 ER PT J AU Becker, EJ van den Dool, H Pena, M AF Becker, Emily J. van den Dool, Huug Pena, Malaquias TI Short-Term Climate Extremes: Prediction Skill and Predictability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SEASONAL FORECASTS; EL-NINO; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURES; OSCILLATION; EVENTS; TRENDS; MODEL; ENSO AB Forecasts for extremes in short-term climate (monthly means) are examined to understand the current prediction capability and potential predictability. This study focuses on 2-m surface temperature and precipitation extremes over North and South America, and sea surface temperature extremes in the Nino-3.4 and Atlantic hurricane main development regions, using the Climate Forecast System (CFS) global climate model, for the period of 1982-2010. The primary skill measures employed are the anomaly correlation (AC) and root-mean-square error (RMSE). The success rate of forecasts is also assessed using contingency tables. The AC, a signal-to-noise skill measure, is routinely higher for extremes in short-term climate than those when all forecasts are considered. While the RMSE for extremes also rises, especially when skill is inherently low, it is found that the signal rises faster than the noise. Permutation tests confirm that this is not simply an effect of reduced sample size. Both 2-m temperature and precipitation forecasts have higher anomaly correlations in the area of South America than North America; credible skill in precipitation is very low over South America and absent over North America, even for extremes. Anomaly correlations for SST are very high in the Nino-3.4 region, especially for extremes, and moderate to high in the Atlantic hurricane main development region. Prediction skill for forecast extremes is similar to skill for observed extremes. Assessment of the potential predictability under perfect-model assumptions shows that predictability and prediction skill have very similar space-time dependence. While prediction skill is higher in CFS version 2 than in CFS version 1, the potential predictability is not. C1 [Becker, Emily J.; van den Dool, Huug; Pena, Malaquias] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Pena, Malaquias] NOAA NWS NCEP, IMSG, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Becker, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCWCP W-NP5 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM emily.becker@noaa.gov FU CPPA [GC08-292] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers whose attention and comments improved this paper. This work was supported by CPPA GC08-292, "Predictability of drought and other near surface extreme events in the Americas.'' NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 512 EP 531 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00177.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400010 ER PT J AU Fiedler, PC Mendelssohn, R Palacios, DM Bograd, SJ AF Fiedler, Paul C. Mendelssohn, Roy Palacios, Daniel M. Bograd, Steven J. TI Pycnocline Variations in the Eastern Tropical and North Pacific, 1958-2008 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; EL-NINO; DECADAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REGIME SHIFT; LONG-TERM; OCEAN; ENSO; THERMOCLINE AB Climatic variability of the pycnocline in the eastern tropical and North Pacific has oceanographic and ecological implications. Gridded monthly profiles of temperature and salinity from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis, 1958-2008, were used to derive estimates of four variables related to the density structure of the upper-ocean water column: surface temperature, pycnocline depth, mixed layer depth, and stratification (potential energy anomaly). The pycnocline is primarily a thermal gradient in this region, except in subarctic waters at the northern extreme of the study area, where salinity becomes more important than temperature in determining stratification. Spatial patterns of mean and standard deviation of the four pycnocline variables are presented. Partitioning of variance between seasonal and interannual scales shows the predominance of interannual variability in the tropics and seasonal variability at higher latitudes. Low-frequency variations (trends) in the pycnocline variables were derived by state-space analysis of time series averaged in 58 squares. Regionally coherent trends were either monotonic over 50 years or had decadal-scale changes in sign (+/- 5-10-m depth, +/- 5%-10% of stratification). For example, in the eastern equatorial Pacific, the pycnocline shoaled by 10 m and weakened by 5% over the 50 years, while in the California Current the pycnocline deepened by; similar to 5 m but showed little net change in stratification, which weakened by 5% to the mid-1970s, strengthened by 8% to the mid-1990s, and then weakened by 4% to 2008. These observed changes in the pycnocline, and future changes resulting from global climate change, may have important biological and ecosystem effects. C1 [Fiedler, Paul C.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy; Palacios, Daniel M.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Fiedler, PC (reprint author), NOAA NMFS SWFSC, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM paul.fiedler@noaa.gov RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008 OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913 NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 583 EP 599 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00728.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400015 ER PT J AU Rugenstein, MAA Winton, M Stouffer, RJ Griffies, SM Hallberg, R AF Rugenstein, Maria A. A. Winton, Michael Stouffer, Ronald J. Griffies, Stephen M. Hallberg, Robert TI Northern High-Latitude Heat Budget Decomposition and Transient Warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SURFACE ALBEDO FEEDBACK; LABRADOR SEA CONVECTION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; POLAR AMPLIFICATION; GLOBAL CLIMATE; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; PART I; CO2 AB Climate models simulate a wide range of climate changes at high northern latitudes in response to increased CO2. They also have substantial disagreement on projected changes of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). Here, two pairs of closely related climate models are used, with each containing members with large and small AMOC declines to explore the influence of AMOC decline on the high-latitude response to increased CO2. The models with larger AMOC decline have less high-latitude warming and sea ice decline than their small AMOC decline counterpart. By examining differences in the perturbation heat budget of the 40 degrees- 90 degrees N region, it is shown that AMOC decline diminishes the warming by weakening poleward ocean heat transport and increasing the ocean heat uptake. The cooling impact of this AMOC-forced surface heat flux perturbation difference is enhanced by shortwave feedback and diminished by longwave feedback and atmospheric heat transport differences. The magnitude of the AMOC decline within model pairs is positively related to the magnitudes of control climate AMOC and Labrador and Nordic Seas convection. Because the 40 degrees- 90 degrees N region accounts for up to 40% of the simulated global ocean heat uptake over 100 yr, the process described here influences the global heat uptake efficiency. C1 [Rugenstein, Maria A. A.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Winton, Michael; Stouffer, Ronald J.; Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Winton, M (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM michael.winton@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 609 EP 621 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00695.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400017 ER PT J AU Yang, XS Rosati, A Zhang, SQ Delworth, TL Gudgel, RG Zhang, R Vecchi, G Anderson, W Chang, YS DelSole, T Dixon, K Msadek, R Stern, WF Wittenberg, A Zeng, FR AF Yang, Xiaosong Rosati, Anthony Zhang, Shaoqing Delworth, Thomas L. Gudgel, Rich G. Zhang, Rong Vecchi, Gabriel Anderson, Whit Chang, You-Soon DelSole, Timothy Dixon, Keith Msadek, Rym Stern, William F. Wittenberg, Andrew Zeng, Fanrong TI A Predictable AMO-Like Pattern in the GFDL Fully Coupled Ensemble Initialization and Decadal Forecasting System SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LAST GLACIAL PERIOD; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MULTIMODEL-ENSEMBLE; REANALYSIS PROJECT; DATA ASSIMILATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME SCALES; GREENLAND; RAINFALL AB The decadal predictability of sea surface temperature (SST) and 2-m air temperature (T2m) in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) decadal hindcasts, which are part of the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project experiments, has been investigated using an average predictability time (APT) analysis. Comparison of retrospective forecasts initialized using the GFDL Ensemble Coupled Data Assimilation system with uninitialized historical forcing simulations using the same model allows identification of the internal multidecadal pattern (IMP) for SST and T2m. The IMP of SST is characterized by an inter-hemisphere dipole, with warm anomalies centered in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre region and North Pacific subpolar gyre region, and cold anomalies centered in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region. The IMP of T2m is characterized by a general bipolar seesaw, with warm anomalies centered in Greenland and cold anomalies centered in Antarctica. The retrospective prediction skill of the initialized system, verified against independent observational datasets, indicates that the IMP of SST may be predictable up to 4 (10) yr lead time at 95% (90%) significance level, and the IMP of T2m may be predictable up to 2 (10) yr at the 95% (90%) significance level. The initialization of multidecadal variations of northward oceanic heat transport in the North Atlantic significantly improves the predictive skill of the IMP. The dominant roles of oceanic internal dynamics in decadal prediction are further elucidated by fixed-forcing experiments in which radiative forcing is returned abruptly to 1961 values. These results point toward the possibility of meaningful decadal climate outlooks using dynamical coupled models if they are appropriately initialized from a sustained climate observing system. C1 [Yang, Xiaosong; Rosati, Anthony; Zhang, Shaoqing; Delworth, Thomas L.; Gudgel, Rich G.; Zhang, Rong; Vecchi, Gabriel; Anderson, Whit; Chang, You-Soon; Dixon, Keith; Msadek, Rym; Stern, William F.; Wittenberg, Andrew; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Yang, Xiaosong; Chang, You-Soon; Msadek, Rym] Univ Corp Atmospheric Res, Boulder, CO USA. [DelSole, Timothy] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [DelSole, Timothy] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. RP Yang, XS (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM xiaosong.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X FU Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory FX We thank Isaac Held, Takeshi Doi for helpful reviews of an earlier draft, and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments that helped to improve the manuscript. This research was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 650 EP 661 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00231.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400020 ER PT J AU Li, WH Li, LF Fu, R Deng, Y Wang, H AF Li, Wenhong Li, Laifang Fu, Rong Deng, Yi Wang, Hui TI Reply to "Comments on 'Changes to the North Atlantic Subtropical High and Its Role in the Intensification of Summer Rainfall Variability in the Southeastern United States'" SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS AB Recently Diem questioned the western ridge movement of the North Atlantic subtropical high (NASH) reported in a 2011 paper of Li et al. This reply shows more analysis that further strengthens the conclusions originally put forth by Li et al. Diem's analysis of the trend in the western ridge of the NASH was based on the data over a 30-yr period (1978-2007), whereas the main conclusions in Li et al. were drawn according to the data over a 60-yr period (1948-2007). Over the last 60 years, the NASH has shown a significant trend of westward movement, the meridional movement of the western ridge of the NASH has enhanced in the recent three decades, and the potential impact of global warming cannot be ruled out in an attempt to explain these changes of the NASH. C1 [Li, Wenhong; Li, Laifang] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Geol Sci, Austin, TX USA. [Deng, Yi] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, Hui] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, 321C Old Chem Bldg,POB 90227, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM wenhong.li@duke.edu RI Fu, Rong/B-4922-2011; Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 683 EP 688 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00674.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 073JX UT WOS:000313740400024 ER PT J AU Obeysekera, J Park, J AF Obeysekera, Jayantha Park, Joseph TI Scenario-Based Projection of Extreme Sea Levels SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea level extremes; generalized extreme value distribution; climate change; risk; nonstationarity ID US EAST-COAST; WAVE HEIGHTS; CLIMATE; RISE; ACCELERATION; VARIABILITY AB Obeysekera, J. and Park, J., 2013. Scenario-based projection of extreme sea levels. Journal of Coastal Research, 29(1), 1-7. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Heavily populated urban centers and natural areas located in low-lying coastal regions are highly vulnerable to sea-level extremes. Historical data at many tide gages suggest that changes over time in extremes generally follow the rise in mean sea level. Assuming this observation to hold in the future, a relationship between mean sea-level rise and its associated extremes with a generalized extreme value distribution can provide future return levels of extreme sea levels. Current projections of future sea level, which include varying degrees of acceleration, may result in large increases in extremes that need to be accounted for in the evaluation of existing coastal projects or in the planning of new ones. Because precise quantitative estimates of the uncertainties in sea-level rise projections are not available, scenario-based approaches have been suggested for project evaluation and design. Here, we propose a general method based on the synthesis of extreme value statistics with sea-level rise scenarios that allows any combination of linear or nonlinear local and global sea-level rise components and can accommodate the nonstationary evolution of sea-level extremes. The temporal variation of the design level of protection for coastal projects, expressed as the return period of extreme events, and the future behavior of the risk are explored. The concepts are demonstrated through application to tide gage data at several locations in the United States. C1 [Obeysekera, Jayantha] S Florida Water Management Dist, Hydrol & Environm Syst Modeling, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. [Park, Joseph] NOAA NOS CO OPS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Obeysekera, J (reprint author), S Florida Water Management Dist, Hydrol & Environm Syst Modeling, 3301 Gun Club Rd, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. EM jobey@sfwmd.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 50 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 EI 1551-5036 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-12-00127.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 076AZ UT WOS:000313930200001 ER PT J AU Chalfoun, J Kociolek, M Dima, A Halter, M Cardone, A Peskin, A Bajcsy, P Brady, M AF Chalfoun, J. Kociolek, M. Dima, A. Halter, M. Cardone, A. Peskin, A. Bajcsy, P. Brady, M. TI Segmenting time-lapse phase contrast images of adjacent NIH 3T3 cells SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Background reconstruction; cell population; live cell segmentation; mitotic cell detection; quantitative imaging; separating cells in contact ID CELL SEGMENTATION; MICROSCOPY; ALGORITHM AB We present a new method for segmenting phase contrast images of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells that is accurate even when cells are physically in contact with each other. The problem of segmentation, when cells are in contact, poses a challenge to the accurate automation of cell counting, tracking and lineage modelling in cell biology. The segmentation method presented in this paper consists of (1) background reconstruction to obtain noise-free foreground pixels and (2) incorporation of biological insight about dividing and nondividing cells into the segmentation process to achieve reliable separation of foreground pixels defined as pixels associated with individual cells. The segmentation results for a time-lapse image stack were compared against 238 manually segmented images (8219 cells) provided by experts, which we consider as reference data. We chose two metrics to measure the accuracy of segmentation: the 'Adjusted Rand Index' which compares similarities at a pixel level between masks resulting from manual and automated segmentation, and the 'Number of Cells per Field' (NCF) which compares the number of cells identified in the field by manual versus automated analysis. Our results show that the automated segmentation compared to manual segmentation has an average adjusted rand index of 0.96 (1 being a perfect match), with a standard deviation of 0.03, and an average difference of the two numbers of cells per field equal to 5.39% with a standard deviation of 4.6%. C1 [Chalfoun, J.; Dima, A.; Halter, M.; Cardone, A.; Bajcsy, P.; Brady, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kociolek, M.] Tech Univ Lodz, PL-90924 Lodz, Poland. [Peskin, A.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chalfoun, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Joe.chalfoun@nist.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 249 IS 1 BP 41 EP 52 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2012.03678.x PG 12 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 076UO UT WOS:000313984000006 PM 23126432 ER PT J AU Carson, HS Lopez-Duarte, PC Cook, GS Fodrie, FJ Becker, BJ DiBacco, C Levin, LA AF Carson, Henry S. Lopez-Duarte, Paola C. Cook, Geoffrey S. Fodrie, F. Joel Becker, Bonnie J. DiBacco, Claudio Levin, Lisa A. TI Temporal, spatial, and interspecific variation in geochemical signatures within fish otoliths, bivalve larval shells, and crustacean larvae SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Geochemical signatures; Trace-elemental fingerprinting; Connectivity; Dispersal; Mytilus californianus; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Musculista senhousia; Ostrea lurida; Paralichthys californicus; Hypsypops rubicundus; Pachygrapsus crassipes ID SAN-DIEGO BAY; TRACE-ELEMENTAL FINGERPRINTS; SPOT LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORIES; CALCIFIED STRUCTURES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; OLYMPIA OYSTER; MYTILUS-EDULIS; NATURAL TAGS AB Geochemical signatures of early life stages are increasingly used to study population connectivity. This approach utilizes spatial variability in chemical signatures to predict natal or nursery origins of post-dispersal individuals by comparison with a chemical reference atlas created from individuals of known origin. To examine the relative importance of spatial, temporal, and species variation in elemental signatures, we synthesized the chemical information of otoliths, larval shells, and whole larvae from studies that employed natural geochemical signatures in San Diego County, USA between 1997 and 2009. We compared 8 elements analyzed from 4 bivalve species, 2 larval or juvenile fishes, and Stage 1 crab zoeae. Across all species, different sets of elements best discriminated among open-coast sites or within or among bays and lagoons. In mytilid mussels, which had the most complete record, all 8 elements were more variable over time than space at the site level, highlighting the need to resample the reference atlas during each study. More coarsely, however, bay and lagoon taxa maintained distinct chemical signatures both from each other and from those on the open coast, despite interannual variability. Spatially identifiable signatures for all species were likely imparted by a combination of pollution in bays and export to adjacent coastlines (copper, lead), a heterogeneous distribution of land-sourced elements (manganese, cobalt, uranium), and incorporation that may vary in response to temperature (barium, manganese, strontium) and salinity (7 elements). These results identify important elements for larval tracking of additional species depending on habitat and life history; however, source population signatures appear species-specific. C1 [Carson, Henry S.] Univ Hawaii, Marine Sci Dept, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Lopez-Duarte, Paola C.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Cook, Geoffrey S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cook, Geoffrey S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Fodrie, F. Joel] Univ N Carolina Chapel Hill, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Becker, Bonnie J.] Univ Washington, Interdisciplinary Arts & Sci, Tacoma, WA 98402 USA. [DiBacco, Claudio] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Levin, Lisa A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Levin, Lisa A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Carson, HS (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Marine Sci Dept, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM hcarson@hawaii.edu RI Cook, Geoffrey/A-7469-2014 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0327209, OCE 0648656, OCE-1041062, OCE-0548190, OCE-0326110]; California Sea Grant [OCA6A479, NA080AR417066, NA080AR4170669]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-96-1-0025, N00014-97-1-0344, N00014-00-1-0174, N00014-01-1-0473]; UC Marine Science Council; Will J. Reid Foundation FX We thank the many collaborators and volunteers in the original studies on which this synthesis was based. Funding for these studies was provided by the National Science Foundation Grants (OCE 0327209, OCE 0648656, OCE-1041062, OCE-0548190, and OCE-0326110), California Sea Grant (OCA6A479, NA080AR417066, and NA080AR4170669), Office of Naval Research (N00014-96-1-0025, N00014-97-1-0344, N00014-00-1-0174, and N00014-01-1-0473), and UC Marine Science Council. Funding for H.S.C.'s time during the preparation of the manuscript was generously provided by the Will J. Reid Foundation. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 93 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 473 BP 133 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10078 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 073YZ UT WOS:000313780300010 ER PT J AU Carreiro-Silva, M Andrews, AH Braga-Henriques, A de Matos, V Porteiro, FM Santos, RS AF Carreiro-Silva, M. Andrews, A. H. Braga-Henriques, A. de Matos, V. Porteiro, F. M. Santos, R. S. TI Variability in growth rates of long-lived black coral Leiopathes sp from the Azores SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Antipatharia; Cold-water corals; Deep-sea; Growth; Longevity; Radiocarbon; Northeast Atlantic ID RADIOCARBON-BASED AGES; COLD-WATER CORALS; DEEP-SEA CORALS; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; BAMBOO CORALS; C-14 DATA; GULF; NEWFOUNDLAND; ASSEMBLAGES; MANAGEMENT AB Five colonies of black coral Leiopathes sp. were collected as bycatch from depths of 293 to 366 m from the Condor, Acor, and Voador seamounts (Azores region). The colonies had axial diameters between 4.9 and 33.1 mm and heights between 43 and 175 cm. Their ages and radial growth rates were estimated using radiocarbon dating. Results indicated that the smallest and largest colonies had similar radial growth rates of 5 to 7 mu m yr(-1), whereas the other 3 colonies had grown more rapidly by a factor of 3 to 5 at similar to 20 to 30 m mu m yr(-1). Colony lifespan ranged between 265 +/- 90 and 2320 +/- 90 yr. Fine-scale sampling along a radial transect from the edge to the center of the 2320 yr old Leiopathes sp. revealed variable growth rates throughout the colony lifespan. Slower radial growth rates of similar to 4 to 5 mu m yr(-1) were recorded over the initial 1600 yr and the last 300 yr of its life span, and a period of more rapid growth (20 mu m yr(-1)) over the intermediate 400 yr of its life. Variability in radial growth rates among colonies resulted in colony ages that were not linearly correlated to colony axis diameter or height. Our findings of great longevity and slow growth rates for Leiopathes sp. agree with other Leiopathes sp. age and growth studies, indicating that colony and population recovery from damage or removal may take centuries to millennia. C1 [Carreiro-Silva, M.; Braga-Henriques, A.; de Matos, V.; Porteiro, F. M.; Santos, R. S.] Univ Azores, Ctr IMAR, Dept Oceanog & Fisheries, UAz & LARSyS Associated Lab, P-9901862 Horta, Azores, Portugal. [Andrews, A. H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Carreiro-Silva, M (reprint author), Univ Azores, Ctr IMAR, Dept Oceanog & Fisheries, UAz & LARSyS Associated Lab, Rua Prof Dr Frederico Machado 4, P-9901862 Horta, Azores, Portugal. EM mcsilva@uac.pt RI Carreiro-Silva, Marina/N-7007-2013; Santos, Ricardo/B-3960-2008; Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016; OI Carreiro-Silva, Marina/0000-0001-6446-6342; Santos, Ricardo/0000-0002-2536-1369; Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305; Braga Henriques, Andreia/0000-0001-6335-2554 FU Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT); DRCTC-GR Azores through a Pluriannual Funding scheme; EU; CoralFISH project, Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant [PIRG03-GA-2008-231109]; FCT [SFRH-BPD-34634-2007]; Direccao Regional para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [M3.1.2/F/016/2008]; LARSyS Associated Laboratory through FCT/MCE project [PEst-OE/EEI/LA0009/2011] FX IMAR-DOP/UAz (Research and Development Unit no. 531) and LarSyS-Associated Laboratory are supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under a strategic project and DRCTC-GR Azores through a Pluriannual Funding scheme. This study was supported by the EU-funded CoralFISH project, Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant (to M.C.-S., PIRG03-GA-2008-231109), post-doctoral fellowship from FCT (to M.C.-S., SFRH-BPD-34634-2007), and a PhD scholarship from Direccao Regional para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (to A.B.-H., M3.1.2/F/016/2008). The service charges for this open access publication have been covered by LARSyS Associated Laboratory through FCT/MCE project PEst-OE/EEI/LA0009/2011. We thank bottom long-line fishermen, in particular J. Goncalves, for providing specimens. P. Reimer (Queen's University, Belfast), E. Druffel (University of California, Irvine), O. Sherwood (Dolan Integration Group), and T. Brown (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) are thanked for insight and assistance with radiocarbon data analyses and the determination of an appropriate Delta R value for the region. Samples were extracted with the infrastructural support of Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, and radiocarbon processing via accelerator mass spectrometry was performed by T. Brown at the Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (LLNL). The map was produced by R. Medeiros at DOP-UAc. We thank F. Parrish and R. Nichols of NOAA Fisheries for a manuscript review. NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 473 BP 189 EP 199 DI 10.3354/meps10052 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 073YZ UT WOS:000313780300014 ER PT J AU Andrews, KS Harvey, CJ AF Andrews, Kelly S. Harvey, Chris J. TI Ecosystem-level consequences of movement: seasonal variation in the trophic impact of a top predator SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Acoustic telemetry; Bioenergetics; Migration; Tagging; Movement; Squalus suckleyi; Squalus acanthias ID DOGFISH SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; TAKE MARINE RESERVE; SPINY DOGFISH; PUGET-SOUND; HOME-RANGE; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; HABITAT UTILIZATION; PACIFIC SALMON; NORTH PACIFIC AB Spatio-temporal patterns of species abundance influence the strength of trophic interactions, while movement of individuals helps determine those patterns of abundance. Thus, understanding movement is a basis for quantifying interactions within a food web. In Puget Sound, Washington, USA, the North Pacific spiny dogfish Squalus suckleyi is an abundant top predator with a diverse, generalist diet. Coastal dogfish populations make seasonal north-south migrations, but populations in inland waters are thought to be more resident. In this study, we combined acoustic telemetry and bioenergetics modeling to determine patterns of movement and to quantify seasonal variation in the predatory impact of dogfish in Puget Sound. All tagged dogfish migrated out of Puget Sound in the winter and were absent until the following summer. Individuals that returned to Puget Sound in subsequent years showed consistent timing and duration of residence across years, but these metrics varied across individuals. Incorporating movement data into the bioenergetics model resulted in a 70 % decrease in the predatory impact of dogfish in the winter and a 30 % decrease in the summer, compared to a year-round resident Puget Sound population. Incorporating metrics of movement into food web or ecosystem models will increase our understanding of species interactions and will improve our ability to predict changes in food web dynamics under various environmental and management scenarios. C1 [Andrews, Kelly S.; Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Andrews, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kelly.andrews@noaa.gov OI Andrews, Kelly/0000-0001-7734-3800 NR 88 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 51 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 473 BP 247 EP 260 DI 10.3354/meps10095 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 073YZ UT WOS:000313780300019 ER PT J AU Woodson, LE Wells, BK Grimes, CB Franks, RP Santora, JA Carr, MH AF Woodson, Lindsay E. Wells, Brian K. Grimes, Churchill B. Franks, Robert P. Santora, Jarrod A. Carr, Mark H. TI Water and otolith chemistry identify exposure of juvenile rockfish to upwelled waters in an open coastal system SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Upwelling; Central California; Barium; Multivariate statistics; Geospatial statistics; ICP-MS ID REEF FISH; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; DESCRIBE MOVEMENTS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; PELAGIC JUVENILES; CALCIUM RATIOS; ESTUARINE FISH; SURFACE-WATER; BARIUM UPTAKE; MARINE FISH AB We present a novel approach to examine the relationship between pelagic juvenile fish and their environment in an open coastal system using a geospatial technique to relate water and otolith chemistries. We compared the chemistries of water and pelagic juvenile rockfish otoliths Sebastes jordani collected from a coastal upwelling system off central California during May and June 2009. To determine the presence and composition of an upwelling chemical signature, the elements Ba, Sr, and Mg expressed as ratios relative to Ca were quantified in the water and outer otolith margin using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Recently upwelled water, as indicated by a strong inverse relationship with water temperature, had an elevated Ba: Ca concentration. Using all 3 element ratios, cluster analysis and multivariate analysis of variance were used to identify 3 distinct chemical signatures for otolith and water samples. When mapped, these signatures displayed marked geospatial variability that we attributed to mesoscale upwelling dynamics. Canonical discriminant function analysis results indicated that the relative contribution of each element to the 3 signatures was similar between water and otoliths. Interestingly, otoliths containing upwelling signatures (high Ba:Ca) did not match spatially with up welling signatures in the water. A directional-dependence analysis (spatial cross-covariance) revealed the highest covariance between water and otolith chemistries at a distance between 50 and 100 km apart, suggesting southern movement or transport of fish. C1 [Woodson, Lindsay E.; Wells, Brian K.; Grimes, Churchill B.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Woodson, Lindsay E.; Carr, Mark H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Franks, Robert P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. RP Woodson, LE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lindsay.e.woodson@gmail.com RI Franks, Robert/C-2881-2008 FU Fisheries Ecology Division of NOAA Santa Cruz, CA FX Numerous students and volunteers participated in field sampling and laboratory tasks including G. Archer, E. Dick, M. Gunvalson, A. Manabe, G. Singer, and K. Stierhoff. Much analytical assistance and otolith elemental analysis was provided by J. Hourigan at UC Santa Cruz, as well as R. Hannigan and E. Freeburg at the University of Boston. Special thanks to the NMFS groundfish team members who made the surveys possible: S. Ralston, J. Field, K. Sakuma, and K. Baltz. Comments and feedback from C. B. Woodson, P. Raimondi, M. McManus, and A. Pike were greatly appreciated throughout this project. Special thanks to Alec McCall, Danielle Frechette, and 3 anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. This work was funded by the Fisheries Ecology Division of NOAA Santa Cruz, CA. NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 473 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.3354/meps10063 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 073YZ UT WOS:000313780300020 ER PT J AU Barabash, RI Wang, XL Korstorz, G Fultz, B Levine, L Liaw, PK AF Barabash, R. I. Wang, Xun-Li Korstorz, G. Fultz, Brent Levine, Lyle Liaw, P. K. TI Neutron and X-Ray Studies of Advanced Materials V-Diffraction Centennial Foreword SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Barabash, R. I.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Wang, Xun-Li] City Univ Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Korstorz, G.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Zurich, Switzerland. [Fultz, Brent] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Levine, Lyle] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liaw, P. K.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Barabash, RI (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Wang, Xun-Li/C-9636-2010 OI Wang, Xun-Li/0000-0003-4060-8777 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44A IS 1 BP 15 EP 16 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 073BO UT WOS:000313718500004 ER PT J AU Ilavsky, J Zhang, F Allen, AJ Levine, LE Jemian, PR Long, GG AF Ilavsky, J. Zhang, F. Allen, A. J. Levine, L. E. Jemian, P. R. Long, G. G. TI Ultra-Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Instrument at the Advanced Photon Source: History, Recent Development, and Current Status SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; IN-SITU; CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; YSZ DEPOSITS; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYETHYLENE; COMPOSITES; PARAMETERS; SUSPENSION; EVOLUTION AB The 25-year history and development of an ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) instrument dedicated to serving materials research is presented and discussed. The instrument's successful track record is attributed to three factors. The first, and surely the most important, is that all development has been driven by scientific research directions and opportunities. Second, the USAXS instrument is a core capability rather than an add-on facility, with measurement capability from micrometers to nanometers, which is precisely the size range where microstructures determine physical properties. The third is that the instrument's range of capabilities has continually expanded, now including 2D collimation, imaging, and dynamics. And finally, USAXS has enjoyed the benefit of a management structure that has consistently appreciated the unique experimental measurement capabilities that USAXS delivers. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-012-1431-y (C) The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2012 C1 [Ilavsky, J.; Long, G. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, F.; Allen, A. J.; Levine, L. E.; Long, G. G.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, F.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Jemian, P. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, APS Engn Support Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Ilavsky, J (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM ilavsky@aps.anl.gov RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; FU U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE [DEAC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838] FX The critical support and advice in the early years from Professors Julia R. Weertman and the late Jerry B. Cohen, both of Northwestern University, are gratefully acknowledged, as well as the help and discussions with John G. Barker of Northwestern University (now at NIST) and David R. Black and Richard D. Spal of NIST. The authors thank NSLS at Brookhaven National Lab. for hosting the USAXS instrument at sector X23 until 1999. At the APS, the former UNICAT consortium members, Oak Ridge National Lab., the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champagne, and UOP LLC., are thanked for welcoming NIST to UNICAT and hosting the USAXS instrument at sector 33-ID from 1999 until 2006. The APS X-ray Science Division (XSD) is thanked for hosting the USAXS instrument at sector 32-ID from 2006 until 2010. The hosting of the USAXS instrument at APS sector 15-ID from 2010 to the present day by XSD, in partnership with the University of Chicago's ChemMatCARS, is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the beamline and facility staff, and our many users and collaborators who have contributed to the success of the USAXS instrument over its 25-year history. The use ofthe NSLS was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE) under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DEAC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-0822838. NR 48 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 33 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 44A IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1431-y PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 073BO UT WOS:000313718500011 ER PT J AU Baker-Austin, C Trinanes, JA Taylor, NGH Hartnell, R Siitonen, A Martinez-Urtaza, J AF Baker-Austin, Craig Trinanes, Joaquin A. Taylor, Nick G. H. Hartnell, Rachel Siitonen, Anja Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime TI Emerging Vibrio risk at high latitudes in response to ocean warming SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID BALTIC SEA; LATE 21ST-CENTURY; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VULNIFICUS; SALINITY; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; TEMPERATURE; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; COMMUNITY AB There is increasing concern regarding the role of climate change in driving bacterial waterborne infectious diseases. Here we illustrate associations between environmental changes observed in the Baltic area and the recent emergence of Vibrio infections and also forecast future scenarios of the risk of infections in correspondence with predicted warming trends. Using multidecadal long-term sea surface temperature data sets we found that the Baltic Sea is warming at an unprecedented rate. Sea surface temperature trends (1982-2010) indicate a warming pattern of 0.063-0.078 degrees C yr(-1) (6.3-7.8 degrees C per century; refs 1,2), with recent peak temperatures unequalled in the history of instrumented measurements for this region. These warming patterns have coincided with the unexpected emergence of Vibrio infections in northern Europe, many clustered around the Baltic Sea area. The number and distribution of cases correspond closely with the temporal and spatial peaks in sea surface temperatures. This is among the first empirical evidence that anthropogenic climate change is driving the emergence of Vibrio disease in temperate regions through its impact on resident bacterial communities, implying that this process is reshaping the distribution of infectious diseases across global scales. C1 [Baker-Austin, Craig; Taylor, Nick G. H.; Hartnell, Rachel] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. [Trinanes, Joaquin A.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Technol Res Inst, Lab Syst, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Trinanes, Joaquin A.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, CoastWatch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Siitonen, Anja] Natl Inst Hlth & Welf THL, Bacteriol Unit, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland. [Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Acuicultura, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. RP Baker-Austin, C (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Barrack Rd, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM craig.baker-austin@cefas.co.uk RI Martinez-Urtaza, Jaime/A-5528-2015 FU Cefas Seedcorn programme; NOAA/CoastWatch; X. de Galicia [09MDS009CT] FX C.B-A. was supported by the Cefas Seedcorn programme. J.A.T. was partially financially supported by NOAA/CoastWatch and by project 09MDS009CT from X. de Galicia. We thank members of the VibrioNet consortium and C. Schets for informal discussion on the epidemiological data sets and J. V. McArthur and R. Cary Tuckfield for comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 29 TC 92 Z9 92 U1 9 U2 121 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 73 EP 77 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE1628 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 076ZZ UT WOS:000313999000020 ER PT J AU Johnson, DL Fogarty, MJ AF Johnson, Donna L. Fogarty, Michael J. TI Intercalibration of MOCNESS and Bongo nets: Assessing relative efficiency for ichthyoplankton SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SPEED PLANKTON SAMPLERS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES-BANK; ABUNDANCE TRENDS; HERRING LARVAE; ZOOPLANKTON; FISHES; GULF; SYSTEMS AB The evaluation of catchability of egg and larval fish with the 0.61-m Bongo and the 1-m(2) Multiple Opening and Closing Net Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) was conducted as part of a paired station analysis. The two samplers were deployed on 331 stations on Georges Bank during the U.S. GLOBEC program from January through June for years 1996 and 1997. Significant differences were found when combined catches of all eggs and all larvae for each sampler were compared. Overall catches of larvae from the MOCNESS were 3-5 times greater than those from the Bongo. Gear effects were modeled and revealed that the catches in 14 of the 22 dominant taxa were significantly different between sampling gear. The differences between samplers during diel intervals for the taxa were not significantly different. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Johnson, Donna L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Johnson, DL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM Donna.Johnson@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 108 BP 43 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.10.007 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 077EN UT WOS:000314010800002 ER PT J AU Smalikho, IN Pitchugina, YL Banakh, VA Brewer, WA AF Smalikho, I. N. Pitchugina, Y. L. Banakh, V. A. Brewer, W. A. TI Measurements of the wind turbine wake parameters with a pulsed coherent lidar under various atmospheric conditions SO RUSSIAN PHYSICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE coherent lidar; wind turbine; velocity deficit ID DOPPLER LIDAR AB The strategy of measurements with a pulsed coherent Doppler lidar (PCDL) and the method of raw data processing to estimate the parameters of the wake formed behind a wind turbine downwind are suggested. Measurements with a 2-mu m PCDL demonstrate that depending on the atmospheric conditions, the operating wind turbine generates a wake with maximum deficit of the wind velocity from 27 to 75% and longitudinal wake sizes varying from 120 to 1180 m. It is demonstrated that doubling of the turbulent energy dissipation rate causes the longitudinal size of the wake generated by the wind turbine to halve. C1 [Smalikho, I. N.; Banakh, V. A.] Russian Acad Sci, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia. [Pitchugina, Y. L.; Brewer, W. A.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Smalikho, IN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, VE Zuev Inst Atmospher Opt, Siberian Branch, Tomsk, Russia. EM smalikho@iao.ru RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013 FU Civilian Research and Development Foundation [RUG1-2981-TO-10] FX This work was supported in part by the Civilian Research and Development Foundation (project RUG1-2981-TO-10). NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1064-8887 J9 RUSS PHYS J+ JI Russ. Phys. J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 55 IS 8 BP 956 EP 960 DI 10.1007/s11182-013-9907-9 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 073IC UT WOS:000313735700015 ER PT J AU Hendler, RW Meuse, CW Smith, PD Kakareka, JW AF Hendler, Richard W. Meuse, Curtis W. Smith, Paul D. Kakareka, John W. TI Further Studies with Isolated Absolute Infrared Spectra of Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle Intermediates: Conformational Changes and Possible Role of a New Proton-Binding Center SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Conformational changes; FT-IR kinetics; Amides I, II, and III ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE ESTIMATION; INFORMATION-CONTENT; SPECTROSCOPY; PROTEINS AB We recently published procedures describing the isolation of absolute infrared spectra for the intermediates of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle and from these, obtaining transitional difference spectra between consecutive intermediates. In that work, we concentrated mainly on proton-binding centers and the route of proton transport across the membrane. In the current study, we used isolated spectra for the amide I, amide II, and amide III envelopes to obtain quantitative information on the extent of conformational change accompanying each transition in the photocycle. Our main finding was that most of the conformational changes occur in the conversion of the M-F intermediate to N. In our earlier publication, a new proton acceptor, absorbing at 1650 cm(-1) was identified, which appeared to accept a proton from Asp96COOH during the transformation of BR dagger to L. Below, we present evidence that supports this interpretation and propose a possible role for this new component. C1 [Hendler, Richard W.] NHLBI, NIH, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Smith, Paul D.] Natl Inst Biomed Imaging & Bioengn, NIH, Laboratoly Cellular Imaging & Macromol Biophys, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kakareka, John W.] NIH, Div Computat Biosci, Ctr Informat Technol, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hendler, Richard W.; Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hendler, RW (reprint author), NHLBI, NIH, Cell Biol Lab, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rwh@helix.nih.gov OI Kakareka, John/0000-0003-0072-0035 FU National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; Center for Information Technology FX The authors thank Dr. Ira W. Levin for many helpful discussions and suggestions. This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; and the Center for Information Technology. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institutes of Health or the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or that the materials and equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 17 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 5320 SPECTRUM DRIVE SUITE C, FREDERICK, MD 21703 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 67 IS 1 BP 73 EP 85 DI 10.1366/12-06662 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 071ON UT WOS:000313604200010 PM 23317674 ER PT J AU Nave, G Johansson, S AF Nave, Gillian Johansson, Sveneric TI THE SPECTRUM OF Fe II SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line: identification; methods: laboratory ID HOLLOW-CATHODE LAMP; FOURIER-TRANSFORM; ENERGY-LEVELS; ULTRAVIOLET WAVELENGTHS; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; NEUTRAL NEON; LINES; SUPERMULTIPLET; TRANSITIONS; CALIBRATION AB The spectrum of singly ionized iron (Fe II) has been recorded using high-resolution Fourier transform (FT) and grating spectroscopy over the wavelength range 900 angstrom to 5.5 mu m. The spectra were observed in high-current continuous and pulsed hollow cathode discharges using FT spectrometers at the Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, AZ and Imperial College, London and with the 10.7 m Normal Incidence Spectrograph at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Roughly 12,900 lines were classified using 1027 energy levels of Fe II that were optimized to measured wavenumbers. The wavenumber uncertainties of lines in the FT spectra range from 10(-4) cm(-1) for strong lines around 4 mu m to 0.05 cm(-1) for weaker lines around 1500 angstrom. The wavelength uncertainty of lines in the grating spectra is 0.005 angstrom. The ionization energy of (130,655.4 +/- 0.4) cm(-1) was estimated from the 3d(6)(D-5)5g and 3d(6)(D-5)6h levels. C1 [Nave, Gillian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johansson, Sveneric] Lund Univ, Lund Observ, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Nave, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gillian.nave@nist.gov FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH10AH38I] FX G. Nave thanks Craig J. Sansonetti for many invaluable discussions on wavelength calibration, spectral analysis, and on the best way to approach and present a project of this size. She also thanks Robert L. Kurucz and Alexander E. Kramida for their assistance in finding errors in the tables. James W. Brault, Richard C. M. Learner, Victor Kaufman, and Anne P. Thorne took or assisted with taking many of the spectra used in this paper. Some of these spectra are available in the National Solar Observatory digital Library (Hill & Suarez 2012). This work was partially supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the inter-agency agreement NNH10AH38I. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 204 IS 1 AR UNSP 1 DI 10.1088/0067-0049/204/1/1 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 070NN UT WOS:000313515500001 ER PT J AU Yokelson, RJ Burling, IR Gilman, JB Warneke, C Stockwell, CE de Gouw, J Akagi, SK Urbanski, SP Veres, P Roberts, JM Kuster, WC Reardon, J Griffith, DWT Johnson, TJ Hosseini, S Miller, JW Cocker, DR Jung, H Weise, DR AF Yokelson, R. J. Burling, I. R. Gilman, J. B. Warneke, C. Stockwell, C. E. de Gouw, J. Akagi, S. K. Urbanski, S. P. Veres, P. Roberts, J. M. Kuster, W. C. Reardon, J. Griffith, D. W. T. Johnson, T. J. Hosseini, S. Miller, J. W. Cocker, D. R., III Jung, H. Weise, D. R. TI Coupling field and laboratory measurements to estimate the emission factors of identified and unidentified trace gases for prescribed fires SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; PARTICLE EMISSIONS; TROPICAL FOREST; SOUTH-AFRICA; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB An extensive program of experiments focused on biomass burning emissions began with a laboratory phase in which vegetative fuels commonly consumed in prescribed fires were collected in the southeastern and southwestern US and burned in a series of 71 fires at the US Forest Service Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. The particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions were measured by gravimetric filter sampling with subsequent analysis for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and 38 elements. The trace gas emissions were measured by an open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometer, proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTRMS), proton-transfer ion-trap mass spectrometry (PIT-MS), negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS), and gas chromatography with MS detection (GC-MS). 204 trace gas species (mostly non-methane organic compounds (NMOC)) were identified and quantified with the above instruments. Many of the 182 species quantified by the GC-MS have rarely, if ever, been measured in smoke before. An additional 153 significant peaks in the unit mass resolution mass spectra were quantified, but either could not be identified or most of the signal at that molecular mass was unaccounted for by identifiable species. In a second, "field" phase of this program, airborne and ground-based measurements were made of the emissions from prescribed fires that were mostly located in the same land management units where the fuels for the lab fires were collected. A broad variety, but smaller number of species (21 trace gas species and PM2.5) was measured on 14 fires in chaparral and oak savanna in the southwestern US, as well as pine forest understory in the southeastern US and Sierra Nevada mountains of California. The field measurements of emission factors (EF) are useful both for modeling and to examine the representativeness of our lab fire EF. The lab EF/field EF ratio for the pine understory fuels was not statistically different from one, on average. However, our lab EF for "smoldering compounds" emitted from the semiarid shrubland fuels should likely be increased by a factor of similar to 2.7 to better represent field fires. Based on the lab/field comparison, we present emission factors for 357 pyrogenic species (including unidentified species) for 4 broad fuel types: pine understory, semiarid shrublands, coniferous canopy, and organic soil. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive measurement of biomass burning emissions to date and it should enable improved representation of smoke composition in atmospheric models. The results support a recent estimate of global NMOC emissions from biomass burning that is much higher than widely used estimates and they provide important insights into the nature of smoke. 31-72% of the mass of gas-phase NMOC species was attributed to species that we could not identify. These unidentified species are not represented in most models, but some provision should be made for the fact that they will react in the atmosphere. In addition, the total mass of gas-phase NMOC divided by the mass of co-emitted PM2.5 averaged about three (range similar to 2.0-8.7). About 35-64% of the NMOC were likely semivolatile or of intermediate volatility. Thus, the gas-phase NMOC represent a large reservoir of potential precursors for secondary formation of ozone and organic aerosol. For the single lab fire in organic soil about 28% of the emitted carbon was present as gas-phase NMOC and similar to 72% of the mass of these NMOC was unidentified, highlighting the need to learn more about the emissions from smoldering organic soils. The mass ratio of total NMOC to "NOx as NO" ranged from 11 to 267, indicating that NOx-limited O-3 production would be common in evolving biomass burning plumes. The fuel consumption per unit area was 7.0 +/- 2.3 Mg ha(-1) and 7.7 +/- 3.7 Mg ha(-1) for pine-understory and semiarid shrubland prescribed fires, respectively. C1 [Yokelson, R. J.; Burling, I. R.; Stockwell, C. E.; Akagi, S. K.] Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Kuster, W. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Kuster, W. C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Urbanski, S. P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Fire Sci Lab, Missoula, MT 59808 USA. [Veres, P.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Griffith, D. W. T.] Univ Wollongong, Sch Chem, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Johnson, T. J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Jung, H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Mech Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Cocker, D. R., III; Jung, H.] Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Ctr Environm Res & Technol CE CERT, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Cocker, D. R., III] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Weise, D. R.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific SW Res Stn, Forest Fire Lab, Riverside, CA USA. RP Yokelson, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Chem, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM bob.yokelson@umontana.edu RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Yokelson, Robert/C-9971-2011; Cocker, David/F-4442-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Yokelson, Robert/0000-0002-8415-6808; Cocker, David/0000-0002-0586-0769; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jung, Heejung/0000-0003-0366-7284 FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [RC-1648, RC-1649]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM 1542457]; CIRES Innovative Research Program; NOAA; NSF [ATM 0513055, ATM 0936321]; Joint Fire Science Program [08-1-6-09] FX This work was supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) projects RC-1648 and RC-1649 and administered partly through Forest Service Research Joint Venture Agreement 08JV11272166039, and we thank the sponsors for their support. J. Gilman, W. Kuster, P. Veres, J. M. Roberts, C. Warneke, and J. de Gouw were supported in part by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant No. ATM 1542457, the CIRES Innovative Research Program, and NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Climate Goals Programs. We appreciate the efforts of Joey Chong, Bonni Corcoran, Amy Olson, Violet Holley, Signe Leirfallom, Anna Lahde, Jehn Rawling, Greg Cohen, and Emily Lincoln to sample/harvest the wildland fuels and/or assemble the laboratory fuel beds for this study. Adaptation of the USFS Twin Otter for research flights was supported primarily by NSF Grant No. ATM 0513055. R. Y., S. A., and multiple instruments aboard the Twin Otter were also supported by NSF Grant No. ATM 0936321. Shawn Urbanski was supported partially by Joint Fire Science Program grant 08-1-6-09. Special thanks to our pilots Scott Miller and Aaron Knobloch and Twin Otter mechanic Kevin Bailey. The cooperation of Dan Ardoin and personnel at Vandenberg AFB, Jeff Minetti and personnel at Ft. Hunter-Liggett, Andrew Leiendecker and personnel at Ft. Huachuca, John Maitland and personnel at Fort Jackson, and Danny Becker, Susan Cohen, and Wayne Gray at Camp Lejeune is greatly appreciated. We greatly appreciate other collaborators and support on the ground including: Gary Curcio (North Carolina Division of Forest Resources), Phillip Inman and Miller Casion (NC county rangers), Andrew Robillard (San Luis Jet Center), Jason McCarty (SBCFD), Brendan Ripley (VCFD), Angie Carl (The Nature Conservancy), and additional fuels characterization assistance from Gloria Burke, Ania Wrona, and Jesse Lozano. NR 97 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 159 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 89 EP 116 DI 10.5194/acp-13-89-2013 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070NA UT WOS:000313513700007 ER PT J AU Mullendore, GL Homann, AJ Jorgenson, ST Lang, TJ Tessendorf, SA AF Mullendore, G. L. Homann, A. J. Jorgenson, S. T. Lang, T. J. Tessendorf, S. A. TI Relationship between level of neutral buoyancy and dual-Doppler observed mass detrainment levels in deep convection SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHTNING OBSERVATIONS; STEPS; TRANSPORT; STORM; ELECTRIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; THUNDERSTORMS; KINEMATICS; CLOUDS; RADAR AB Although it is generally accepted that the level of neutral buoyancy (LNB) is only a coarse estimate of updraft depth, the LNB is still used to understand and predict storm structure in both observations and modeling. This study uses case studies to quantify the variability associated with using environmental soundings to predict detrainment levels. Nine dual-Doppler convective cases were used to determine the observed level of maximum detrainment (LMD) to compare with the LNB. The LNB for each case was calculated with a variety of methods and with a variety of sources (including both observed and simulated soundings). The most representative LNB was chosen as the proximity sounding from NARR using the most unstable parcel and including ice processes. The observed cases were a mix of storm morphologies, including both supercell and multicell storms. As expected, the LMD was generally below the LNB, the mean offset for all cases being 2.2 km. However, there was a marked difference between the supercell and non-supercell cases. The two supercell cases had LMDs of 0.3 km and 0.0 km below the LNB. The remaining cases had LMDs that ranged from 4.0 km below to 1.6 km below the LNB, with a mean offset of 2.8 km below. Observations also showed that evolution of the LMD over the lifetime of the storm can be significant (e. g., > 2 km altitude change in 30 min), and this time evolution is lacking from models with coarse time steps, missing significant changes in detrainment levels that may strongly impact the amount of boundary layer mass transported to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. C1 [Mullendore, G. L.; Jorgenson, S. T.] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Homann, A. J.] Natl Weather Serv, Indianapolis, IN USA. [Lang, T. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Tessendorf, S. A.] NCAR, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mullendore, GL (reprint author), Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. EM gretchen@atmos.und.edu OI Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X FU National Science Foundation Division of Atmospheric Sciences, NSF [ATM-0918010] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Division of Atmospheric Sciences, NSF grant ATM-0918010. The authors would like to thank George Bryan for making available his parcel ascent code to calculate CAPE, Aaron Kennedy for assistance in obtaining the NARR data, and Kurtis Pinkney for assistance with data analysis. The authors thank Jeffrey Tilley, Matt Gilmore, and Mark Askelson for helpful comments and discussions. The authors also thank Zhengzhao Johnny Luo and the anonymous reviewer for their valuable feedback. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 181 EP 190 DI 10.5194/acp-13-181-2013 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070NA UT WOS:000313513700012 ER PT J AU Riemer, M Montgomery, MT Nicholls, ME AF Riemer, M. Montgomery, M. T. Nicholls, M. E. TI Further examination of the thermodynamic modification of the inflow layer of tropical cyclones by vertical wind shear SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; INTENSITY; HURRICANES; RAMS; MODELS; SENSITIVITY; EVOLUTION; VORTICES; EXCHANGE; IMPACT AB Recent work has developed a new framework for the impact of vertical wind shear on the intensity evolution of tropical cyclones. A focus of this framework is on the frustration of the tropical cyclone's power machine by shear-induced, persistent downdrafts that flush relatively cool and dry (lower equivalent potential temperature, theta(e)) air into the storm's inflow layer. These previous results have been based on idealised numerical experiments for which we have deliberately chosen a simple set of physical parameterisations. Before efforts are undertaken to test the proposed framework with real atmospheric data, we assess here the robustness of our previous results in a more realistic and representative experimental setup by surveying and diagnosing five additional numerical experiments. The modifications of the experimental setup comprise the values of the exchange coefficients of surface heat and momentum fluxes, the inclusion of experiments with ice microphysics, and the consideration of weaker, but still mature tropical cyclones. In all experiments, the depression of the inflow layer theta(e) values is significant and all tropical cyclones exhibit the same general structural changes when interacting with the imposed vertical wind shear. Tropical cyclones in which strong downdrafts occur more frequently exhibit a more pronounced depression of inflow layer theta(e) outside of the eyewall in our experiments. The magnitude of the theta(e) depression underneath the eyewall early after shear is imposed in our experiments correlates well with the magnitude of the ensuing weakening of the respective tropical cyclone. Based on the evidence presented, it is concluded that the newly proposed framework is a robust description of intensity modification in our suite of experiments. C1 [Riemer, M.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Montgomery, M. T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAAs Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Nicholls, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Riemer, M (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. EM mriemer@uni-mainz.de RI Riemer, Michael/C-5491-2009 FU NSF [ATM-0715426]; ONR [N0001411WX20095]; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA, USA FX John Molinari's comments during the review process of RMN10 (available online through the ACPD website at http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/10711/2009/acpd-9-10711-2009.ht ml) were very helpful for the current study. The thoughtful comments by Roger Smith and an anonymous reviewer have helped to improve the presentation of our results. Most of this research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, CA, USA. This work was supported by NSF grant ATM-0715426, the ONR grant N0001411WX20095 and NOAA's Hurricane Research Division. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 327 EP 346 DI 10.5194/acp-13-327-2013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070NA UT WOS:000313513700020 ER PT J AU Huang, M Carmichael, GR Chai, T Pierce, RB Oltmans, SJ Jaffe, DA Bowman, KW Kaduwela, A Cai, C Spak, SN Weinheimer, AJ Huey, LG Diskin, GS AF Huang, M. Carmichael, G. R. Chai, T. Pierce, R. B. Oltmans, S. J. Jaffe, D. A. Bowman, K. W. Kaduwela, A. Cai, C. Spak, S. N. Weinheimer, A. J. Huey, L. G. Diskin, G. S. TI Impacts of transported background pollutants on summertime western US air quality: model evaluation, sensitivity analysis and data assimilation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; ARCTAS-CARB PERIOD; NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OZONE; INTEGRATED ANALYSIS; ERROR ANALYSIS; TRACE GAS; GEOS-CHEM; CALIFORNIA AB The impacts of transported background (TBG) pollutants on western US ozone (O-3) distributions in summer 2008 are studied using the multi-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Modeling system. Forward sensitivity simulations show that TBG contributes similar to 30-35 ppb to the surface Monthly mean Daily maximum 8-h Average O-3 (MDA8) over Pacific Southwest (US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9, including California, Nevada and Arizona) and Pacific Northwest (EPA Region 10, including Washington, Oregon and Idaho), and similar to 10-17 ppm-h to the secondary standard metric "W126 monthly index" over EPA Region 9 and similar to 3-4 ppm-h over Region 10. The strongest TBG impacts on W126 occur over the grass/shrub-covered regions. Among TBG pollutants, O-3 is the major contributor to surface O-3, while peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most important O-3 precursor species. W126 shows larger responses than MDA8 to perturbations in TBG and stronger non-linearity to the magnitude of perturbations. The TBG impacts on both metrics overall negatively correlate to model vertical resolution and positively correlate to the horizontal resolution. The mechanisms that determine TBG contributions and their variation are analyzed using trajectories and the receptor-based adjoint sensitivity analysis, which demonstrate the connection between the surface O-3 and O-3 aloft (at similar to 1-4 km) 1-2 days earlier. The probabilities of airmasses originating from Mt. Bachelor (2.7 km) and 2.5 km above Trinidad Head (THD) entraining into the boundary layer reach daily maxima of 66% and 34% at similar to 03:00 p. m. Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), respectively, and stay above 50% during 09:00 a.m.-04:00p.m. PDT for those originating 1.5 km above California's South Coast. Assimilation of the surface in-situ measurements significantly reduced the errors in the modeled surface O-3 during a long-range transport episode by similar to 5 ppb on average (up to similar to 17 ppb) and increased the estimated TBG contributions by similar to 3 ppb. Available O-3 vertical profiles from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and THD sonde identified this transport event, but assimilation of these observations in this case did not efficiently improve the O-3 distributions except near the sampling locations, due to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and/or possible uncertainties. C1 [Huang, M.; Carmichael, G. R.; Spak, S. N.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Chai, T.] NOAA OAR ARL, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jaffe, D. A.] Univ Washington, Bothell, WA 98011 USA. [Huang, M.; Bowman, K. W.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Kaduwela, A.; Cai, C.] Calif Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Spak, S. N.] Univ Iowa, Publ Policy Ctr, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Weinheimer, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huey, L. G.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Huang, M (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Kaduwela, Ajith/0000-0002-7236-2698 FU NASA [NNX08AH56G, NNX08AL06G, NNX11AI52G] FX This work was supported by NASA awards: NNX08AH56G, NNX08AL06G and NNX11AI52G. The authors would like to thank the ARCTAS science team, the people who made the AQS, CASTNET, OMI, TES, MODIS and MISR measurements, and CGRER members who contributed to building the STEM forecast modeling system for ARCTAS. We thank two anonymous referees and Thomas Peters, Charles Stanier and Vicki Grassian (U Iowa) for commenting on previous versions of the paper. We thank Daven Henze (CU-Boulder) for suggesting the W126 calculations. The revision was performed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. We thank CGRER (U Iowa) and Pleiades (NASA Ames) computational resources and the technical support especially from Jeremie Moen and Johnny Chang. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 95 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 63 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 359 EP 391 DI 10.5194/acp-13-359-2013 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 070NA UT WOS:000313513700022 ER PT J AU McEnery, JA McKee, PW Shelton, GP Ramsey, RW AF McEnery, John A. McKee, Paul W. Shelton, Gregory P. Ramsey, Ryan W. TI Hydrologic information server for benchmark precipitation dataset SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE NEXRAD; MPE; Precipitation; WaterML; CUAHSI AB This paper will present the methodology and overall system development by which a benchmark dataset of precipitation information has been made available. Rainfall is the primary driver of the hydrologic cycle. High quality precipitation data is vital for hydrologic models, hydrometeorologic studies and climate analysis,and hydrologic time series observations are important to many water resources applications. Over the past two decades, with the advent of NEXRAD radar, science to measure and record rainfall has improved dramatically. However, much existing data has not been readily available for public access or transferable among the agricultural, engineering and scientific communities. This project takes advantage of the existing CUAHSI Hydrologic Information System ODM model and tools to bridge the gap between data storage and data access, providing an accepted standard interface for internet access to the largest time-series dataset of NEXRAD precipitation data ever assembled. This research effort has produced an operational data system to ingest, transform, load and then serve one of most important hydrologic variable sets. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McEnery, John A.; Ramsey, Ryan W.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [McKee, Paul W.; Shelton, Gregory P.] US Natl Weather Serv, W Gulf River Forecast Ctr, Ft Worth, TX 76137 USA. RP McEnery, JA (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, 405 Nedderman Hall, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM mcenery@uta.edu; paul.mckee@noaa.gov; greg.shelton@noaa.gov FU University Corporation for Atmospheric Science (UCAR) [S09-81073] FX This work originated from a one-year pilot project supported by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Science (UCAR, Sub-Award #S09-81073). NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 EI 1873-7803 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 50 SI SI BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.08.005 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 071RE UT WOS:000313611100016 ER PT J AU Pearson, C Snay, R AF Pearson, Chris Snay, Richard TI Introducing HTDP 3.1 to transform coordinates across time and spatial reference frames SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE Crustal deformation; Geodesy; Dynamic datums; NAD83 ID BLOCK KINEMATICS; UNITED-STATES; SLIP RATES; GPS; VELOCITIES; CALIFORNIA; MEXICO; SYSTEM AB The National Geodetic Survey, an office within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, recently released version 3.1 of the Horizontal Time-Dependent Positioning (HTDP) utility for transforming coordinates across time and between spatial reference frames. HTDP 3.1 introduces improved crustal velocity models for both the contiguous United States and Alaska. The new HTDP version also introduces a model for estimating displacements associated with the magnitude 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake of April 4, 2010. In addition, HTDP 3.1 enables its users to transform coordinates between the newly adopted International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2008 (ITRF2008) and IGS08 reference frames and other popular reference frames, including current realizations of NAD 83 and WGS84. A more convenient format to enter a list of coordinates to be transformed has been added. Users can now also enter dates in the decimal year format as well as the month-day-year format. The new HTDP utility, explanatory material and instructions are available at http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Htdp/Htdp.shtml. C1 [Pearson, Chris] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Springfield, IL 62703 USA. [Snay, Richard] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pearson, C (reprint author), Univ Otago, Surveying Dept, Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM Cpearson86@aol.com NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1007/s10291-012-0255-y PG 15 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 064DA UT WOS:000313049900001 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Duan, Q Zhao, L Ye, A Tao, Y Miao, C Mu, X Schaake, JC AF Liu, Y. Duan, Q. Zhao, L. Ye, A. Tao, Y. Miao, C. Mu, X. Schaake, J. C. TI Evaluating the predictive skill of post-processed NCEP GFS ensemble precipitation forecasts in China's Huai river basin SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE ensemble precipitation forecasting; hydrologic ensemble prediction; Huai river basin; ensemble verification; GFS reforecast product ID TIGGE; FLOODS; SYSTEM AB The National Center for Environmental Predictions (NCEP) has produced an ensemble meteorological reforecast product by using a fixed version of Global Forecast System (GFS) ensemble prediction system since 1 January 1979. The 15-member ensemble product, with a global coverage at a 2.5 degrees Chi 2.5 degrees spatial resolution and a 14-day lead time, has been used successfully by the River Forecast Centers of the National Weather Service (NWS) to produce basin scale precipitation and temperature ensemble forecasts in the US for several years now. This study evaluates the predictive skill of post-processed ensemble forecasts based on GFS precipitation reforecast in China's Huai river basin. The evaluation is carried out in 15 sub-areas of the Huai river basin and covers the 1/1/1981-31/12/2003 period. The Ensemble Pre-Processing system version 3 (EPP3), developed at NWS, is used to develop joint probability distributions between forecasted ensemble mean precipitation and corresponding observations and to generate individual ensemble members that preserve space-time correlation of the observed precipitation data. Several statistical verification measures are used to quantify the goodness of fit between post-processed (i.e. EPP3 processed) ensemble mean and observation and to assess the ensemble spread. Results indicate that the post-processed forecasts have meaningful predictive skill for the first few days for ensemble daily precipitation forecasts. Predictive skill of ensemble forecasts of cumulative precipitation for lead times up to 14 days are significant. The forecast skill is highly dependent on seasonality, with relatively lower skills seen for wet summer season, when convective storm patterns dominate, as compared with other seasons. The predictive skill of the post-processed ensemble precipitation is much better than the raw forecasts and the climatological ensemble forecasts. The results from this study suggest that the NCEP's GFS reforecasts can be a valuable resource for places other than the US. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Liu, Y.] Chengdu Univ Informat Technol, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Duan, Q.; Ye, A.; Miao, C.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhao, L.] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Publ Meteorol Serv Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhao, L.] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tao, Y.; Mu, X.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Math Sci, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Schaake, J. C.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Duan, Q (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM qyduan@bnu.edu.cn RI Miao, chiyuan/E-6036-2011; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011; ye, aizhong/G-6739-2014; OI Miao, chiyuan/0000-0001-6413-7020; Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512; ye, aizhong/0000-0002-5272-134X FU Chinese Meteorological Administration [GYHY201006037]; Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Basic Science Research Program [2010CB428402] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the support provided by the 2010-2013 Public Service Scientific Research Program of the Chinese Meteorological Administration (Project # GYHY201006037) and by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology 973 Basic Science Research Program (Project # 2010CB428402). We would also like to extend our appreciation of Dr Florian Pappenberger and an anonymous reviewer whose insightful comments and suggestions lead to a much more readable paper. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 57 EP 74 DI 10.1002/hyp.9496 PG 18 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 071LC UT WOS:000313593200006 ER PT J AU Brown, JD Seo, DJ AF Brown, James D. Seo, Dong-Jun TI Evaluation of a nonparametric post-processor for bias correction and uncertainty estimation of hydrologic predictions SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE hydrologic post-processing; conditional bias; indicator cokriging; ensemble verification; bias correction; flood prediction ID FORECASTING SYSTEM; ROC CURVES; MODEL; VERIFICATION; REGRESSION; RAINFALL AB This paper evaluates a nonparametric technique for estimating the conditional probability distribution of a predictand given a vector of predictors. In the current application, the predictors are formed from a multimodel ensemble of simulated streamflows, such that the hydrologic uncertainties are modelled independently of any forcing uncertainties. The technique is based on Bayesian optimal linear estimation of indicator variables and is analogous to indicator cokriging (ICK) in geostatistics. By developing linear estimators for the conditional probability that the observed variable does not exceed several thresholds, ICK provides a discrete approximation of the full conditional probability distribution. The weights of the predictors can be chosen to minimize the expected error variance at each threshold (the Brier score) or, without loss of analytical tractability, a combination of the error variance and the expected square bias conditional upon the observation, i.e. the Type-II conditional bias (CB). The latter is referred to as CB-penalized ICK (CBP-ICK) and is an important enhancement to ICK. Indeed, the biases in atmospheric and hydrologic predictions generally increase towards the tails of their probability distributions. The performance of CBP-ICK is evaluated for selected basins in the eastern USA using a range of probabilistic verification metrics and associated confidence intervals for the sampling uncertainties. Overall, CBP-ICK produces unbiased and skillful estimates of the hydrologic uncertainties, with some sensitivity to the calibration data period at high flow thresholds. More generally, we argue that the common aim in statistical post-processing of `maximizing sharpness subject to reliability (Type-I CB)' should be recast to accommodate both the Type-I and Type-II CBs, as both are important for practical applications of hydrologic predictions. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Brown, James D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Brown, James D.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Brown, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM James.D.Brown@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS); Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) and the Climate Prediction Program for the Americas (CPPA). We would like to thank the participants of the HEPEX Workshop on Post-processing and Verification of Hydrological Ensemble Predictions (7-9 June 2011, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the Netherlands) and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. NR 52 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 SI SI BP 83 EP 105 DI 10.1002/hyp.9263 PG 23 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 071LC UT WOS:000313593200008 ER PT J AU Van Noord, JE AF Van Noord, Joel E. TI Diet of five species of the family Myctophidae caught off the Mariana Islands SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Myctophid; Diet; Mariana Islands ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; FEEDING-HABITS; STENELLA-ATTENUATA; STHENOTEUTHIS-OUALANIENSIS; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; PREDATION IMPACT; KUROSHIO REGION; FISH ASSEMBLAGE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN AB Myctophids are important components of marine food webs, but little is known about the diets of many species in large stretches of the ocean. To fill this knowledge gap, Myctophum lychnobium, Symbolophorus evermanni, Centrobranchus andreae, Myctophum aurolaternatum, and Myctophum nitidulum were collected off the previously unsampled Mariana Islands in 2007. Myctophum lychnobium predominately consumed pelagic molluscs (28 % by number), amphipods (26 %), and copepods (24 %). Symbolophorus evermanni consumed copepods (53 %) and larval fishes (22 %). Centrobranchus andreae consumed molluscs (90 %). Little dietary overlap occurred among these fishes, and the reliance on molluscs was unusual compared to results from previous studies. C1 [Van Noord, Joel E.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Van Noord, JE (reprint author), Calif Wetfish Producers Assoc, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. EM joel.van.noord@gmail.com NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 26 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 60 IS 1 BP 89 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s10228-012-0315-x PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 074HZ UT WOS:000313804800011 ER PT J AU Smith, N Menzel, WP Weisz, E Heidinger, AK Baum, BA AF Smith, Nadia Menzel, W. Paul Weisz, Elisabeth Heidinger, Andrew K. Baum, Bryan A. TI A Uniform Space-Time Gridding Algorithm for Comparison of Satellite Data Products: Characterization and Sensitivity Study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD PROPERTIES; IMAGERS ISCCP; SOUNDERS 3I; MODIS; RETRIEVAL; HIRS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; CLIMATOLOGIES; PATHFINDER; PARAMETERS AB To overcome the complexities associated with combining or comparing multisensor data, a statistical gridding algorithm is introduced for projecting data from their unique instrument domain to a uniform space-time domain. The algorithm has two components: 1) a spatial gridding phase in which geophysical properties are filtered on the basis of a set of criteria (e.g., time of day or viewing angle) and then aggregated into nearest-neighbor clusters as defined by equal-angle grid cells and 2) a temporal gridding phase in which daily statistics are calculated per grid cell from which longer time-aggregate statistics are derived. The sensitivity of the gridding algorithm is demonstrated using a month (1-31 August 2009) of level 2 Aqua/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud-top pressure (CTP) retrievals as an example. Algorithm sensitivity is tested for grid size, number of days in the definition of a time average, viewing angle, and minimum number of observations per grid cell per day. The average CTP for high-level clouds from a number of different polar-orbiting instruments are compared on a 1 degrees x 1 degrees global grid. With the data projected onto a single grid, differences in CTP retrieval algorithms are highlighted. The authors conclude that this gridding algorithm greatly facilitates the intercomparison of CTP (or any other geophysical parameter) and algorithms in a dynamic environment. Its simplicity lends transparency to understanding the behavior of a given parameter and makes it useful for both research and operational use. C1 [Smith, Nadia; Menzel, W. Paul; Weisz, Elisabeth; Baum, Bryan A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Smith, N (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM nadia.smith@ssec.wisc.edu RI Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Weisz, Elisabeth/B-9837-2014; Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NASA [NNX11AK22G] FX This work is funded through NASA Grant NNX11AK22G. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 52 IS 1 BP 255 EP 268 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-031.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 071BH UT WOS:000313559900019 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Gu, X Vanlandingham, M Byrd, E Ryntz, R Martin, JW AF Tinh Nguyen Gu, Xiaohong Vanlandingham, Mark Byrd, Eric Ryntz, Rose Martin, Jonathan W. TI Degradation modes of crosslinked coatings exposed to photolytic environment SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE AFM; Coatings; Crosslinked polymers; Degradation; Heterogeneous; Mode; Photodegradation; UV ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ACRYLIC-MELAMINE COATINGS; ORGANIC COATINGS; OUTDOOR EXPOSURE; POLYMER-FILMS; WATER-VAPOR; SURFACES; INHOMOGENEITY; OXIDATION; LIGHT AB The objective of this study is to assess the degradation modes of crosslinked coatings exposed to photolytic environments. Three model crosslinked coatings were exposed in various ultraviolet environments. Atomic force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used in following nanoscale physical and chemical degradation during exposures. Results indicated that photodegradation of crosslinked coatings is a spatially localized (inhomogeneous) process in which nanometer-sized pits are initially formed; these pits deepen and enlarge with exposure. A conceptual model is proposed to explain the inhomogeneous degradation mode. The model proposes that nanosize "hydrophilic" domains are dispersed randomly with the highly crosslinked units. These hydrophilic domains, which are energetically preferred, comprise polar, unreacted and partially polymerized molecules, chromophores, and other additives. Photodegradation initiates at degradation-susceptible hydrophilic domains spreading to surrounding areas contiguous with the initiation site. C1 [Tinh Nguyen; Gu, Xiaohong; Vanlandingham, Mark; Byrd, Eric; Martin, Jonathan W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ryntz, Rose] IAG, Southfield, MI USA. RP Nguyen, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tinh.nguyen@nist.gov FU ACA, Rosemont, IL FX This paper was presented by Tinh Nguyen, the 2011 ACA Mattiello Memorial Lecturer, as part of the Mattiello Lecture presentation at the CoatingsTech Conference, sponsored by ACA, March 14-16, 2011, in Rosemont, IL. NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES JI J. Coat. Technol. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 10 IS 1 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.1007/s11998-012-9455-1 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 073ER UT WOS:000313726800001 ER PT J AU Thirumalai, RVKG Krishnan, B Davydov, AV Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Krishnan, Bharat Davydov, Albert V. Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav TI SiC nanowire vapor-liquid-solid growth using vapor-phase catalyst delivery SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES AB A method of growing SiC nanowires (NWs) on 4H-SiC surfaces by in situ vapor-phase catalyst delivery was developed as an alternative to the ex situ deposition of the metal catalyst on the targeted surfaces before the NW chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth. In the proposed method, sublimation of the catalyst from a metal source placed in the hot zone of the CVD reactor, followed by condensation of the catalyst-rich vapor on bare substrate surface was used to form the catalyst nanoparticles required for the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of SiC NWs. The NW density was found to gradually decrease downstream from the catalyst source and was influenced by both the gas flow rate and by the catalyst diffusion through the boundary layer above the catalyst source. Formation of poly-Si islands at too low value of the C/Si ratio created preferential nucleation centers for misaligned SiC NWs and NW bushes. The flexibility of controlling the nanoparticle density made this technique suitable for NW growth on horizontal surfaces as well as on patterned SiC substrates, including the vertical sidewalls of SiC mesas. C1 [Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. [Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] USAF, Res Lab, Dayton, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Starkville, MS 39762 USA. EM ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 52 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 50 EP 56 DI 10.1557/jmr.2012.208 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071JW UT WOS:000313589600009 ER PT J AU Williams, EH Schreifels, JA Rao, MV Davydov, AV Oleshko, VP Lin, NJ Steffens, KL Krylyuk, S Bertness, KA Manocchi, AK Koshka, Y AF Williams, Elissa H. Schreifels, John A. Rao, Mulpuri V. Davydov, Albert V. Oleshko, Vladimir P. Lin, Nancy J. Steffens, Kristen L. Krylyuk, Sergiy Bertness, Kris A. Manocchi, Amy K. Koshka, Yaroslav TI Selective streptavidin bioconjugation on silicon and silicon carbide nanowires for biosensor applications SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; OXIDE; FUNCTIONALIZATION; INTERFACES; MONOLAYERS; GROWTH; FILM AB A functionalization method for the specific and selective immobilization of the streptavidin (SA) protein on semiconductor nanowires (NWs) was developed. Silicon (Si) and silicon carbide (SiC) NWs were functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and subsequently biotinylated for the conjugation of SA. Existence of a thin native oxide shell on both Si and SiC NWs enabled efficient binding of APTES with the successive attachment of biotin and SA as was confirmed with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated nonspecific, electrostatic binding of the SA and the bovine serum albumin (BSA) proteins to APTES-coated NWs. Inhibition of nonspecific BSA binding and enhancement of selective SA binding were achieved on biotinylated NWs. The biofunctionalized NWs have the potential to be used as biosensing platforms for the specific and selective detection of proteins. C1 [Williams, Elissa H.; Schreifels, John A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Williams, Elissa H.; Davydov, Albert V.; Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Lin, Nancy J.; Steffens, Kristen L.; Krylyuk, Sergiy] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krylyuk, Sergiy] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manocchi, Amy K.] USA, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Williams, EH (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM ewilliah@gmu.edu; davydov@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0901712]; NIST [SB134110SE0579, SB134111SE0814]; U.S. Army Research Laboratory FX The authors are appreciative of the helpful discussions with Dr. Marlon L. Walker (Material Measurement Laboratory, NIST) and Dr. Rebecca A. Zangmeister (Material Measurement Laboratory, NIST) as well as the assistance of Dr. Anthony G. Birdwell (Sensors & Electronic Devices Directorate, Army Research Laboratory). EHW, MVR, and JAS gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation (Grant No. ECCS-0901712); VPO gratefully acknowledges the financial support from NIST under contracts SB134110SE0579 and SB134111SE0814. AKM was supported by a contractual appointment to the U.S. Army Research Laboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship Program administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities. NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 55 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1557/jmr.2012.283 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 071JW UT WOS:000313589600011 ER PT J AU Lew, HS Main, JA Robert, SD Sadek, F Chiarito, VP AF Lew, H. S. Main, Joseph A. Robert, Stephen D. Sadek, Fahim Chiarito, Vincent P. TI Performance of Steel Moment Connections under a Column Removal Scenario. I: Experiments SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Buildings; Connections; Full-scale tests; Progressive collapse; Seismic design; Steel structures AB This paper presents an experimental study of two full-scale steel beam-column assemblies, each comprising three columns and two beams, to (1) define their response characteristics under a column-removal scenario, including the capacity of the beams and their connections to carry loads through catenary action, and (2) provide experimental data for validation of beam-to-column connection models for assessing the robustness of structural systems. The assemblies represent portions of the exterior moment-resisting frames of two 10-story steel-frame buildings. One test specimen had welded unreinforced flange, bolted web connections, and the other had reduced beamesection connections. When subjected to monotonically increasing vertical displacement of the unsupported center column, both specimens exhibited an initial elastic response dominated by flexure. With increased vertical displacement, the connections yielded, and axial tension developed in the beams. The axial tension in the beams increased until the connections failed under combined bending and axial stresses. The test results show that the rotational capacities of both connections under monotonic column displacement are about twice as large as those based on seismic-test data. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000618. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Robert, Stephen D.; Chiarito, Vincent P.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Main, Joseph A.; Sadek, Fahim] NIST, Engn Lab, Struct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Main, JA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Struct Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hsl@nist.gov; joseph.main@nist.gov; stephen.d.robert@erdc.usace.army.mil; fahim.sadek@nist.gov; vincent.p.chiarito@erdc.usace.army.mil FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; American Institute of Steel Construction; Air Force Research Laboratory; Defense Threat Reduction Agency FX This experimental study was conducted at the Engineer Research and Development Center of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the American Institute of Steel Construction, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 37 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2013 VL 139 IS 1 BP 98 EP 107 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000618 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 069JI UT WOS:000313431200010 ER PT J AU Sadek, F Main, JA Lew, HS El-Tawil, S AF Sadek, Fahim Main, Joseph A. Lew, H. S. El-Tawil, Sherif TI Performance of Steel Moment Connections under a Column Removal Scenario. II: Analysis SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Buildings; Connections; FEM; Nonlinear analysis; Progressive collapse; Seismic design; Steel structures ID PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS; RESISTANCE; ROBUSTNESS; SIMULATION AB This paper presents a computational investigation of the response of steel beam-column assemblies with moment connections under monotonic loading conditions simulating a column removal scenario. Two beam-column assemblies are analyzed, which incorporate (1) welded unreinforced flange bolted web connections, and (2) reduced beam section connections. Detailed models of the assemblies are developed, which use highly refined solid and shell elements to represent nonlinear material behavior and fracture. Reduced models are also developed, which use a much smaller number of beam and spring elements and are intended for use in future studies to assess the vulnerability of complete structural systems to disproportionate collapse. The two modeling approaches are described, and computational results are compared with the results of the full-scale tests described in the companion paper. Good agreement is observed, demonstrating that both the detailed and reduced models are capable of capturing the predominant response characteristics and failure modes of the assemblies, including the development of tensile forces associated with catenary action and the ultimate failure of the moment connections under combined bending and axial stresses. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000617. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Sadek, Fahim; Main, Joseph A.] NIST, Engn Lab, Struct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [El-Tawil, Sherif] Univ Michigan, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Main, JA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Struct Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fahim.sadek@nist.gov; joseph.main@nist.gov; hsl@nist.gov; eltawil@umich.edu OI El-Tawil, Sherif/0000-0001-6437-5176 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 33 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JAN PY 2013 VL 139 IS 1 BP 108 EP 119 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000617 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 069JI UT WOS:000313431200011 ER PT J AU Smith, BE Collie, JS Lengyel, NL AF Smith, Brian E. Collie, Jeremy S. Lengyel, Nicole L. TI Effects of chronic bottom fishing on the benthic epifauna and diets of demersal fishes on northern Georges Bank SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Trophic ecology; Anthropogenic impact; Benthic habitats; Marine protected area; Prey availability; Northwest Atlantic Ocean ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEA-FLOOR HABITAT; ATLANTIC COD; TRAWL DISTURBANCE; FEEDING PATTERNS; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; IMPACTS; AREAS; COMMUNITY AB Feeding by demersal fishes on benthic invertebrates constitutes an important link between fishery resources and continental shelf habitats. However, concurrent sampling of demersal fish diets and benthic invertebrate prey fields has been limited, particularly in relation to chronic bottom fishing disturbance on continental shelves worldwide. Here, we quantified differences in the epibenthic invertebrate and fish communities between sites with contrasting levels of disturbance from mobile bottom fishing gear for 2 gravel regions of Georges Bank in the northwest Atlantic. The main objectives were to compare a suite of biological indices for epibenthic invertebrates, demersal fishes, and fish diets across year and level of fishing disturbance. The fishes selected for diet comparisons included winter skate Leucoraja ocellata, little skate L. erinacea, Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, and longhorn sculpin Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus. Three baseline benthic epifaunal indices, species richness, abundance (no. l(-1)), and biomass (g l(-1)), were lower in the heavily fished areas; however, evenness was higher in these areas. The lengths of haddock, Atlantic cod, and winter flounder tended to be larger at the undisturbed sites. Fish stomach contents differed significantly among habitats for 3 benthivores: haddock, winter flounder, and longhorn sculpin; diets were more highly correlated with the benthic fauna within than among sites, which indicated site-specific feeding. In several cases, prey that contributed to the diet dissimilarity between sites were benthic epifauna most sensitive to the impact of bottom fishing disturbance; thus, the availability of epibenthic prey was determined by this disturbance. C1 [Smith, Brian E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Collie, Jeremy S.; Lengyel, Nicole L.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Smith, BE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM brian.smith@noaa.gov NR 78 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 52 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 472 BP 199 EP 217 DI 10.3354/meps10031 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 068DI UT WOS:000313344300015 ER PT J AU Cote, IM Green, SJ Morris, JA Akins, JL Steinke, D AF Cote, Isabelle M. Green, Stephanie J. Morris, James A., Jr. Akins, John L. Steinke, Dirk TI Diet richness of invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish revealed by DNA barcoding SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Barcoding; Diet composition; Lionfish; Invasion biology; Predator-prey interactions; Stomach content analysis ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; PTEROIS-VOLITANS; IDENTIFICATION; CONSEQUENCES; EXTINCTION; INSIGHTS; BAHAMAS; FOREST; COAST; SNAKE AB Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois spp. have recently invaded marine habitats throughout the western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. Their unusual hunting behaviour suggests that they could prey on most fish species within their gape size limits. However, few prey species have been identified so far due to the challenges of identifying partly digested prey. Moreover, it is not clear how well the identifiable diet reflects the unidentified portion. To address these issues, we DNA-barcoded unidentifiable fish items from the stomachs of 130 lionfish captured on Bahamian coral reefs. We identified 37 fish prey species, nearly half of which had not previously been recorded in this region. The total richness of lionfish prey fish recorded so far may represent up to similar to 54% of potential prey species on the study reefs. The relative importance of prey species in the visually identifiable diet portion, which was limited to 25% of prey items, differed from that in the 'unidentifiable' portion, which was largely resolved here with barcoding, weakening extra-polations from visual identification. The high diet resolution afforded by barcoding can increase our ability to predict the impacts of invasive predators on recipient communities. C1 [Cote, Isabelle M.; Green, Stephanie J.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Cote, Isabelle M.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, S-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Akins, John L.] Reef Environm Educ Fdn, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Steinke, Dirk] Univ Guelph, Biodivers Inst Ontario, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Cote, IM (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM imcote@sfu.ca RI Steinke, Dirk/D-4700-2009 FU Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding; Ontario Genomics Institute [2008-OGI-ICI-03]; Genome Canada; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada; NSERC; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation FX Sequencing was supported by funding to the International Barcode of Life Project through the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, from the Ontario Genomics Institute (2008-OGI-ICI-03), Genome Canada, the Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. I. M. C. and S.J.G. were supported by NSERC; D. S. was supported by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to MarBOL. NR 35 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 8 U2 148 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 472 BP 249 EP 256 DI 10.3354/meps09992 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 068DI UT WOS:000313344300018 ER PT J AU Allen, CD Lemons, GE Eguchi, T LeRoux, RA Fahy, CC Dutton, PH Peckham, SH Seminoff, JA AF Allen, Camryn D. Lemons, Garrett E. Eguchi, Tomoharu LeRoux, Robin A. Fahy, Christina C. Dutton, Peter H. Hoyt Peckham, S. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Stable isotope analysis reveals migratory origin of loggerhead turtles in the Southern California Bight SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; Carbon; Nitrogen; California drift gillnet fishery; Hawaii-based longline fishery; Baja California Peninsula; Time-area closure; California Current Large Marine Ecosystem ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; SEA-TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; BYCATCH; PATTERNS; OCEAN; ATLANTIC AB Loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta in the North Pacific are listed as Endangered under the US Endangered Species Act and the IUCN Red List. Due partly to their imperiled status, the US National Marine Fisheries Service established a time-area closure in 2003 for the California drift gillnet (CDGN) fishery operating within the Southern California Bight (SCB) to avoid incidental captures. This closure is triggered when sea surface temperatures are above normal, generally caused by El Nino-derived warm-water conditions, which is the time when loggerheads are thought to enter the SCB. Knowledge of the previous foraging grounds of loggerheads incidentally captured by the CDGN fishery in the SCB will help elucidate the oceanographic mechanisms that may influence turtle movement into this region and can assist in optimizing the environmental triggers for implementation of the SCB fishing closure. Stable carbon (delta C-13) and nitrogen (delta N-15) isotope analysis was used to determine the previous foraging grounds of loggerheads encountered in the SCB. Skin samples from loggerheads captured in the CDGN fishery were compared with skin from loggerheads in the central North Pacific, incidentally caught in the Hawaii-based longline fishery, as well as skin from turtles sampled during in-water research along the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. The stable isotope values of CDGN-caught turtles were more similar to those from the central North Pacific than to those from Baja, indicating movements from the central North Pacific to the SCB. We elaborate on potential oceanographic mechanisms by which turtles access the SCB and provide insights that can inform future management decisions for the time-area closure. C1 [Allen, Camryn D.; Eguchi, Tomoharu; LeRoux, Robin A.; Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lemons, Garrett E.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Fahy, Christina C.] NOAA, SW Reg Off, NMFS, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Hoyt Peckham, S.] Grp Tortuguero Californias, La Paz 23060, Baja California, Mexico. RP Allen, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM camryn.allen@noaa.gov NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 47 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 472 BP 275 EP 285 DI 10.3354/meps10023 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 068DI UT WOS:000313344300020 ER PT J AU Huang, YX Zha, XF Lee, J Liu, CL AF Huang, Yixiang Zha, Xuan F. Lee, Jay Liu, Chengliang TI Discriminant diffusion maps analysis: A robust manifold learner for dimensionality reduction and its applications in machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis SO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Condition-based maintenance (CBM); Diffusion maps; Discriminant kernel scheme; Dimensionality reduction; Fault diagnosis; Manifold learning ID INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS; WAVELET PACKET TRANSFORM; FRAMEWORK; SCHEME; CLASSIFICATION; RECOGNITION; MAINTENANCE; REGRESSION; EIGENMAPS; TOOLS AB Various features extracted from raw signals usually contain a large amount of redundant information which may impede the practical applications of machine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Hence, as a solution, dimensionality reduction is vital for machine condition monitoring. This paper presents a new technique for dimensionality reduction called the discriminant diffusion maps analysis (DDMA), which is implemented by integrating a discriminant kernel scheme into the framework of the diffusion maps. The effectiveness and robustness of DDMA are verified in three different experiments, including a pneumatic pressure regulator experiment, a rolling element bearing test, and an artificial noisy nonlinear test system, with empirical comparisons with both the linear and nonlinear methods of dimensionality reduction, such as principle components analysis (PCA), independent components analysis (ICA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), kernel PCA, self-organizing maps (SOM), ISOMAP, diffusion maps (DM), Laplacian eigenmaps (LE), locally linear embedding (LLE) analysis, Hessian-based LLE analysis, and local tangent space alignment analysis (LTSA). Results show that DDMA is capable of effectively representing the high-dimensional data in a lower dimensional space while retaining most useful information. In addition, the low-dimensional features generated by DDMA are much better than those generated by most of other state-of-the-art techniques in different situations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Huang, Yixiang; Lee, Jay] Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, NSF I UCR Ctr Intelligent Maintenance Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. [Zha, Xuan F.; Liu, Chengliang] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. [Zha, Xuan F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Design & Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, YX (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Engn, NSF I UCR Ctr Intelligent Maintenance Syst, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM huangyx@uc.edu FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50575145]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2007CB714003]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) [2006AA04Z432, 2007AA04Z419] FX This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50575145), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, Grant No. 2007CB714003), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2006AA04Z432 and 2007AA04Z419). The authors would like to write in memoriam of a dedicated mentor, Professor Xuan F. Zha who devoted decades to enlighten myriad young researchers and students. NR 49 TC 19 Z9 25 U1 8 U2 55 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0888-3270 J9 MECH SYST SIGNAL PR JI Mech. Syst. Signal Proc. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1-2 BP 277 EP 297 DI 10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.04.021 PG 21 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 068ZC UT WOS:000313403700021 ER PT J AU Gardner, C Coghlan, SM Zydlewski, J Saunders, R AF Gardner, C. Coghlan, S. M., Jr. Zydlewski, J. Saunders, R. TI DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF STREAM FISHES IN RELATION TO BARRIERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR MONITORING STREAM RECOVERY AFTER BARRIER REMOVAL SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anadromous; assemblage; biomonitoring; connectivity; dam; restoration ID STRONACH DAM REMOVAL; RIVER RESTORATION; SEA LAMPREY; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSEMBLAGE RECOVERY; SAMPLING DESIGNS; SALMON CARCASSES; PINE RIVER; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT AB Dams are ubiquitous in coastal regions and have altered stream habitats and the distribution and abundance of stream fishes in those habitats by disrupting hydrology, temperature regime and habitat connectivity. Dam removal is a common restoration tool, but often the response of the fish assemblage is not monitored rigorously. Sedgeunkedunk Stream, a small tributary to the Penobscot River (Maine, USA), has been the focus of a restoration effort that includes the removal of two low-head dams. In this study, we quantified fish assemblage metrics along a longitudinal gradient in Sedgeunkedunk Stream and also in a nearby reference stream. By establishing pre-removal baseline conditions and associated variability and the conditions and variability immediately following removal, we can characterize future changes in the system associated with dam removal. Over 2?years prior to dam removal, species richness and abundance in Sedgeunkedunk Stream were highest downstream of the lowest dam, lowest immediately upstream of that dam and intermediate farther upstream; patterns were similar in the reference stream. Although seasonal and annual variation in metrics within each site was substantial, the overall upstream-to-downstream pattern along the stream gradient was remarkably consistent prior to dam removal. Immediately after dam removal, we saw significant decreases in richness and abundance downstream of the former dam site and a corresponding increase in fish abundance upstream of the former dam site. No such changes occurred in reference sites. Our results show that by quantifying baseline conditions in a small stream before restoration, the effects of stream restoration efforts on fish assemblages can be monitored successfully. These data set the stage for the long-term assessment of Sedgeunkedunk Stream and provide a simple methodology for assessment in other restoration projects. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Gardner, C.; Coghlan, S. M., Jr.; Zydlewski, J.] Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Gardner, C.; Zydlewski, J.] US Geol Survey, Maine Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Orono, ME USA. [Saunders, R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME USA. RP Coghlan, SM (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Wildlife Ecol, 5755 Nutting Hall,Room 240, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM stephen.coghlan@umit.maine.edu FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service; Maine USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; University of Maine; Maine Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station FX Funding for this project was provided by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, the Maine USGS Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, the University of Maine and the Maine Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station. We also thank R. Cope, G. Goulette, D. Kircheis, T. Liebich, K. Mueller, J. Murphy, B. Perry, K. Ravana, D. Skall and T. Trinko (NOAA-NMFS) for assistance with sampling. We thank our field technicians Silas Ratten, Jacob Kwapiszeski, Ryan Haley, Scott Ouellette, Anthony Feldpausch, Michael Picard, Meghan Nelson, Derek Lucas and graduate students Paul Damkot and Gus Wathen (University of Maine) for their hard work. The Town of Orrington and the City of Brewer were especially gracious in accommodating our research. We also thank Dan Hayes (Michigan State University) for stimulating conversations and his valuable advice on study design. Dr. James Gore, Dr. Kevin Simon, Tim Sheehan, and three anonymous reviewers improved the quality of this manuscript greatly; all remaining errors are our own. This paper is Maine Agricultural and Forestry Station Publication Number 3160. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the United States government. NR 81 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 10 U2 135 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 29 IS 1 BP 65 EP 78 DI 10.1002/rra.1572 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 074DX UT WOS:000313793900005 ER PT J AU Nakajima, T Kurokawa, T Ahmed, S Wu, WL Gong, JP AF Nakajima, Tasuku Kurokawa, Takayuki Ahmed, Saika Wu, Wen-li Gong, Jian Ping TI Characterization of internal fracture process of double network hydrogels under uniaxial elongation SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPATIAL INHOMOGENEITY; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ENHANCED TOUGHNESS; POLYMER NETWORKS; GELS; STRENGTH; DEFORMATION; MODEL; RUBBER; DAMAGE AB Previously we revealed that the high toughness of double network hydrogels (DN gels) derives from the internal fracture of the brittle network during deformation, which dissipates energy as sacrificial bonds. In this study, we intend to elucidate the detailed internal fracture process of DN gels. We quantitatively analysed the tensile hysteresis and re-swelling behaviour of a DN gel that shows a well-defined necking and strain hardening, and obtained the following new findings: (1) fracture of the 1st network PAMPS starts far below the yielding strain, and 90% of the initially load-bearing PAMPS chains already break at the necking point. (2) The dominant internal fracture process occurs in the necking and hardening region, although the softening mainly occurs before necking. (3) The internal fracture efficiency is very high, 85% of the work is used for the internal fracture and 9% of all PAMPS chains break at sample failure. (4) The internal fracture is anisotropic, fracture occurs perpendicular to the tensile direction, in preference to the other two directions, but the fracture anisotropy decreases in the hardening region. Results (1) and (2) are in agreement with a hierarchical structural model of the PAMPS network. Based on these findings, we present a revised description of the fracture process of DN gels. C1 [Nakajima, Tasuku; Kurokawa, Takayuki; Gong, Jian Ping] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Adv Life Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Kurokawa, Takayuki] Hokkaido Univ, Creat Res Inst, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Ahmed, Saika] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Wu, Wen-li] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gong, JP (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Adv Life Sci, Kita Ku, N10W8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. EM gong@sci.hokudai.ac.jp RI Gong, Jian Ping/B-7019-2009; Kurokawa, Takayuki/B-7061-2009; Nakajima, Tasuku/E-5831-2017 OI Gong, Jian Ping/0000-0003-2228-2750; Kurokawa, Takayuki/0000-0001-6834-684X; Nakajima, Tasuku/0000-0002-2235-3478 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [124225006] FX This research was financially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) (no. 124225006) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). NR 35 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 114 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1955 EP 1966 DI 10.1039/c2sm27232f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 071LM UT WOS:000313594200026 ER PT J AU Glushkov, EV Glushkova, NV Godin, OA AF Glushkov, E. V. Glushkova, N. V. Godin, O. A. TI The effect of anomalous transparency of the water-air interface for a volumetric sound source SO ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE spherical emitter; integral equation; wave energy; anomalous transparency ID LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND; FLUID MEDIA; TRANSMISSION; WAVE AB Anomalous transparency consists in the passage at certain frequencies of the majority of a source's radiated energy through an interface, which usually gives strong reflection. Earlier, this effect was established for low-frequency point sources located in a fluid bounded by an air medium. In the case of volumetric sources, additional scattering of waves occurs between the interface of the media and the emitter surface; and the character of the manifestation of this effect is unclear. This work, using the solution to the integral equation corresponding to a boundary value problem, examines the emission of wave energy by spherical sources of different radius and its distribution between the energy flow passing through the water-air interface into the upper half-space and the energy flow going to infinity in the lower half-space. It has been established that the size of the source has virtually no effect on the energy distribution in the low-frequency range, i.e., on the anomalous transparency effect. We also analyze how the relative dimensions of spherical sources affect the energy characteristics in the mid- and high-frequency range. C1 [Glushkov, E. V.; Glushkova, N. V.] Kuban State Univ, Krasnodar 350040, Russia. [Godin, O. A.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80505 USA. [Godin, O. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80505 USA. RP Glushkov, EV (reprint author), Kuban State Univ, Ul Stavropolskaya 149, Krasnodar 350040, Russia. EM evg@math.kubsu.ru RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Glushkov, Evgeny/O-3109-2013; Glushkova, Natalia/O-3115-2013 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Glushkov, Evgeny/0000-0002-9913-5559; FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-01-00320] FX The work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 12-01-00320). NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7710 EI 1562-6865 J9 ACOUST PHYS+ JI Acoust. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 59 IS 1 BP 6 EP 15 DI 10.1134/S106377101206005X PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 064IO UT WOS:000313068200002 ER PT J AU Nakamura, R Netravali, AN Morgan, AB Nyden, MR Gilman, JW AF Nakamura, R. Netravali, A. N. Morgan, A. B. Nyden, M. R. Gilman, J. W. TI Effect of halloysite nanotubes on mechanical properties and flammability of soy protein based green composites SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; biocomposites; flammability ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; CONCENTRATE COMPOSITES; THERMAL-STABILITY; FLAME RETARDANCY; FIRE-RETARDANT; ISOLATE RESIN; RAMIE FIBERS; EPOXY; CALORIMETER; BEHAVIOR AB To address the growing emphasis on the use and development of sustainable materials, bio-based polymers and fibers are processed to prepare entirely bio-based fiber-reinforced green composites. To enable these new materials to perform in lightweight vehicle and infrastructural applications, they must be characterized both structurally and in terms of their various performance characteristics. The results of preparation and characterization of bio-based composites comprising jute fabric and soy protein concentrate (SPC) modified with glycerol and/or halloysite nanotubes (HNT) are reported herein as a first look at the flammability of these bio-based nanocomposites. The results reveal that SPC has lower flammability (heat release capacity) than petrochemical-based resins, such as epoxies and vinyl esters. In addition, incorporating 5% mass fraction of HNT is found to reduce the composite flammability, while having no negative impact on the mechanical properties. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Nakamura, R.; Netravali, A. N.] Cornell Univ, Dept Fiber Sci & Apparel Design, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Morgan, A. B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multiscale Composites & Polymers Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Nyden, M. R.] NIST, Fire Sci Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilman, J. W.] NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morgan, AB (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Multiscale Composites & Polymers Div, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. EM alexander.morgan@udri.udayton.edu NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 66 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 37 IS 1 BP 75 EP 90 DI 10.1002/fam.2113 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 066WI UT WOS:000313251700006 ER PT J AU Peacock, RD Averill, JD Kuligowski, ED AF Peacock, Richard D. Averill, Jason D. Kuligowski, Erica D. TI Egress from the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001 SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Building fires; Egress; Egress modeling; Emergency communication; Evacuation; Human behavior; Interviews; World Trade Center AB This paper describes the occupant evacuation of World Trade Center (WTC) 1 and WTC 2 on September 11, 2001. Multiple sources of information were collected and analyzed: over 1,000 new interviews with survivors (including 803 telephone interviews, 225 face-to-face interviews, and 6 focus groups); over 700 published interviews; 9-1-1 emergency calls; transcripts of emergency communications, historical building design drawings, memoranda, and calculations; formal complaints filed with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration; and other relevant materials. The population in WTC 1 and WTC 2 on September 11, 2001, at 8:46:30 a.m. is enumerated and described, where the characteristics of the population were relevant to the subsequent evacuation, including training, experience, mobility status, among others. The progress of the evacuation of both towers is described in a quasi-chronological manner from 8:46:30 a.m. when WTC 1 was attacked, until 10:28:22 a.m., when WTC 1 collapsed. C1 [Peacock, Richard D.; Averill, Jason D.; Kuligowski, Erica D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peacock, RD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.peacock@nist.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 7 EP 35 DI 10.1007/s10694-011-0236-7 PG 29 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 066GS UT WOS:000313209300004 ER PT J AU Averill, JD Peacock, RD Kuligowski, ED AF Averill, Jason D. Peacock, Richard D. Kuligowski, Erica D. TI Analysis of the Evacuation of the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001 SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Building fires; Egress; Emergency communication; Evacuation; Human behavior; Interviews; World Trade Center AB This paper provides an analysis of the evacuation of the World Trade Center towers culled from telephone and face-to-face interviews with survivors. The first investigation explored where occupants were located when each tower was attacked. Regression analysis explored the sources of variance in occupants' time to reach the stairwell, as well as stairwell evacuation time (how long the average occupant spent in the stairwells per floor). Finally, issues identified as contributing to either slowing or aiding the evacuation process were also explored. C1 [Averill, Jason D.; Peacock, Richard D.; Kuligowski, Erica D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuligowski, ED (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 37 EP 63 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0260-2 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 066GS UT WOS:000313209300005 ER PT J AU Kuligowski, ED Peacock, RD Averill, JD AF Kuligowski, Erica D. Peacock, Richard D. Averill, Jason D. TI Modeling the Evacuation of the World Trade Center Towers on September 11, 2001 SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Building fires; Egress; Egress modeling; Emergency communication; Evacuation; Human behavior; Interviews; World Trade Center ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB Multiple evacuation models were used to simulate different WTC tower evacuations, subject to a number of assumptions. The goal of the modeling was to frame an understanding of actual evacuation findings on September 11, 2001. Simulations demonstrated that a phased evacuation (occupants of the emergency floor, the occupants on the floor above, and the occupants on the floor below were to evacuate to three floors below the emergency floor) would have taken between 4 min to complete (without delays in evacuation initiation) and 11 min to complete (with evacuation initiation delays between 0 min and 10 min). Total evacuation of a tower assuming a full occupant load would have required from 92 min to 142 min. NIST estimated that approximately 14,000 occupants would have been unable to evacuate from WTC 1 and WTC 2 on September 11, 2001 had the starting building population in each tower been 19,800, i.e., a full occupant load without visitors. C1 [Kuligowski, Erica D.; Peacock, Richard D.; Averill, Jason D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuligowski, ED (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 65 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10694-011-0240-y PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 066GS UT WOS:000313209300006 ER PT J AU Kuligowski, E AF Kuligowski, Erica TI Predicting Human Behavior During Fires SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fire; Evacuation; Egress; Evacuation models; Building fires ID COMPUTER-SIMULATION; EVACUATION; DECISION; TIME; ENVIRONMENT; DISASTER; CHOICE; RISK AB Evacuation models, including engineering hand calculations and computational tools, are used to calculate the time it takes to evacuate a building, which can then be used in an engineering safety analysis. However, there is a lack of available data and theory on occupant behavior for use by evacuation models to estimate evacuation time results and their uncertainty. In lieu of data and theory, evacuation models (and users) make assumptions and simplifications about occupant behavior, which can inappropriately characterize the time it actually takes to evacuate a building. The purpose of this paper is to reevaluate current egress modeling techniques and advocate for the inclusion of a robust, comprehensive, and validated conceptual model of occupant behavior during building fires. This paper begins by describing the current state of evacuation modeling of human behavior in fires and identifying gaps in current behavioral prediction techniques. The second part of the paper outlines a model of occupant decision-making during emergencies, referred to as the protective action decision model (PADM); a theory that can serve as the basis for the development of a conceptual model of occupant decision-making and behavior during the pre-evacuation period of building fires. The PADM provides a framework that describes the decision-making steps that influence protective actions taken in response to natural and technological disasters-including perceiving information, paying attention to the information, comprehending the information, establishing the nature of the threat, personalizing the risk, searching for potential protective actions and choosing one of these, and then performing that action. The paper ends with a discussion of how to adapt and expand the PADM in order to develop a predictive conceptual model of the pre-evacuation period for use by computer evacuation models. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuligowski, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erica.kuligowski@nist.gov FU UK EPSRC [EP/D507790/1] FX My appreciation to Liam Downey, William Grosshandler, Dennis Mileti, Ross Corotis, and especially to Kathleen Tierney, chair of my dissertation committee, for providing detailed and insightful comments and suggestions on the development of my research project and dissertation. Thank you also to Anthony Hamins, Steve Gwynne, Jason Averill, and Richard Peacock. Finally, the author gratefully acknowledges the UK WTC project HEED, funded by the UK EPSRC (grant EP/D507790/1) for providing access to the HEED database, which was used to develop the conceptual model discussed briefly in the Discussion section of this article. NR 78 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 42 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 101 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s10694-011-0245-6 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 066GS UT WOS:000313209300008 ER PT J AU Omori, T Oikawa, K Sato, J Ohnuma, I Kattner, UR Kainuma, R Ishida, K AF Omori, Toshihiro Oikawa, Katsunari Sato, Jun Ohnuma, Ikuo Kattner, Ursula R. Kainuma, Ryosuke Ishida, Kiyohito TI Partition behavior of alloying elements and phase transformation temperatures in Co-Al-W-base quaternary systems SO INTERMETALLICS LA English DT Article DE Intermetallics; miscellaneous; Phase diagrams; Alloy design; Phase stability; prediction; ab initio calculations ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; BASIS-SET; EQUILIBRIA; CO-3(AL,W) AB The phase equilibria among gamma (Al), gamma' (L1(2)), chi (D0(19)), beta (B2) and mu (D8(5)) phases and the gamma' solvus and gamma solidus temperatures were investigated in the Co-Al-W-based quaternary systems with alloying elements of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Ni, Si, Zr, Hf, Ru and Ir by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) using multiphase alloys and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that Ta, Nb, Ti, V. Mo and W are partitioned to the gamma' or chi phase rather than to the gamma phase, while Cr, Mn and Fe tend to be distributed to the gamma phase. The correlation between the partition coefficient of alloying elements between gamma/gamma', gamma/chi and gamma/beta phases and ab initio formation energy of Co3X (L1(2)), Co3X (D0(19)) and CoX (B2) was respectively obtained. It was also found that the gamma' solvus temperature increases by the addition of the gamma' former elements such as Ta, Nb and Ti, which decreases the gamma solidus temperature. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Omori, Toshihiro; Oikawa, Katsunari; Sato, Jun; Ohnuma, Ikuo; Kainuma, Ryosuke; Ishida, Kiyohito] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. [Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Omori, T (reprint author), Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. EM omori@material.tohoku.ac.jp RI Oikawa, Katsunari/C-6660-2009; Kainuma, Ryosuke/I-6482-2013; Omori, Toshihiro/A-4478-2017 OI Oikawa, Katsunari/0000-0002-5269-8426; FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Global COE Program "Materials Integration (International Center of Education and Research), Tohoku University", MEXT, Japan; New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) FX The authors wish to thank Dr. Shinagawa for his experimental supports. This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and by the Global COE Program "Materials Integration (International Center of Education and Research), Tohoku University", MEXT, Japan. Support from New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) is also acknowledged. NR 31 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 58 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-9795 J9 INTERMETALLICS JI Intermetallics PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 BP 274 EP 283 DI 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.07.033 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 065JV UT WOS:000313145500039 ER PT J AU Qin, ZK Zou, XL Weng, FZ AF Qin, Zhengkun Zou, Xiaolei Weng, Fuzhong TI Evaluating Added Benefits of Assimilating GOES Imager Radiance Data in GSI for Coastal QPFs SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTS; CLOUD-CLEARED RADIANCES; RECURSIVE FILTERS; WIND INFORMATION; PART II; IMPACT; COVARIANCES; MODEL AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) provide high-resolution, temporally continuous imager radiance data over the West Coast (GOES-West currently known as GOES-11) and East Coast (GOES-East currently GOES-12) of the United States. Through a real case study, benefits of adding GOES-11/12 imager radiances to the satellite data streams in NWP systems for improved coastal precipitation forecasts are examined. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) is employed for GOES imager radiance simulations in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis system. The GOES imager radiances are added to conventional data for coastal quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) experiments near the northern Gulf of Mexico and the derived precipitation threat score was compared with those from six other satellite instruments. It is found that the GOES imager radiance produced better precipitation forecasts than those from any other satellite instrument. However, when GOES imager radiance and six different types of satellite instruments are all assimilated, the score becomes much lower than the individual combination of GOES and any other instrument. Our analysis shows that an elimination of Advance Microwave Sounding Unit-B (AMSU-B)/Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) data over areas where GOES detects clouds significantly improved the forecast scores from AMSU-B/MHS data assimilation. C1 [Qin, Zhengkun; Zou, Xiaolei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [Qin, Zhengkun] Nanjing Univ Informat & Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 404 Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM xzou@fsu.edu RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600]; NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Program; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) FX This work was jointly supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under 973 Project (2010CB951600), NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Program, and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). The views and opinions contained in this paper reflects those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 32 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 141 IS 1 BP 75 EP 92 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00079.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 064MH UT WOS:000313078900004 ER PT J AU Harris, LM Lin, SJ AF Harris, Lucas M. Lin, Shian-Jiann TI A Two-Way Nested Global-Regional Dynamical Core on the Cubed-Sphere Grid SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW-WATER EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; WAVE-PROPAGATION; RESOLUTION; SCHEMES; SIMULATIONS; TRANSPORT; INSTABILITY AB A nested-grid model is constructed using the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory finite-volume dynamical core on the cubed sphere. The use of a global grid avoids the need for externally imposed lateral boundary conditions, and the use of the same governing equations and discretization on the global and regional domains prevents inconsistencies that may arise when these differ between grids. A simple interpolated nested-grid boundary condition is used, and two-way updates use a finite-volume averaging method. Mass conservation is achieved in two-way nesting by simply not updating the mass field. Despite the simplicity of the nesting methodology, the distortion of the large-scale flow by the nested grid is such that the increase in global error norms is a factor of 2 or less in shallow-water test cases. The effect of a nested grid in the tropics on the zonal means and eddy statistics of an idealized Held-Suarez climate integration is minor, and artifacts due to the nested grid are comparable to those at the edges of the cubed-sphere grid and decrease with increasing resolution. The baroclinic wave train in a Jablonowski-Williamson test case was preserved in a nested-grid simulation while finescale features were represented with greater detail in the nested-grid region. The authors also found that lee vortices could propagate out of the nested region and onto a coarse grid, which by itself could not produce vortices. Finally, the authors discuss how concurrent integration of the nested and coarse grids can be significantly more efficient than when integrating the two grids sequentially. C1 [Harris, Lucas M.; Lin, Shian-Jiann] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Harris, Lucas M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Harris, LM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM lucas.harris@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX LMH was partially supported by NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project. Concurrent nesting was originally suggested by V. Balaji. Comments from Bruce Wyman, Alistair Adcroft, Todd Ringler, and three anonymous referees were greatly appreciated. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 141 IS 1 BP 283 EP 306 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00201.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 064MH UT WOS:000313078900016 ER PT J AU Xu, K Zeng, CF Zhang, Q Yan, RS Ye, PD Wang, K Seabaugh, AC Xing, HG Suehle, JS Richter, CA Gundlach, DJ Nguyen, NV AF Xu, Kun Zeng, Caifu Zhang, Qin Yan, Rusen Ye, Peide Wang, Kang Seabaugh, Alan C. Xing, Huili Grace Suehle, John S. Richter, Curt A. Gundlach, David J. Nguyen, N. V. TI Direct Measurement of Dirac Point Energy at the Graphene/Oxide Interface SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Graphene; work function; internal photoemission; band alignment; graphene-insulator-semiconductor ID CONTACT RESISTANCE; FILMS AB We report the direct measurement of the Dirac performing internal photoemission measurements on a point, the Fermi level, and the work function of graphene by graphene/SiO2/Si structure with a unique optical-cavity enhanced test structure. A complete electronic band alignment at the graphene/SiO2/Si interfaces is accurately established. The observation of enhanced photoemission from a one-atom thick graphene layer was possible by taking advantage of the constructive optical interference in the SiO2 cavity. The photoemission yield was found to follow the well-known linear density-of-states dispersion in the vicinity of the Dirac point. At the flat band condition, the Fermi level was extracted and found to reside 3.3 eV +/- 0.05 eV below the bottom of the SiO2 conduction band. When combined with the shift of the Fermi level from the Dirac point, we are able to ascertain the position of the Dirac point at 3.6 eV +/- 0.05 eV with respect to the bottom of the SiO2 conduction band edge, yielding a work function of 4.5 eV +/- 0.05 eV which is in an excellent agreement with theory. The accurate determination of the work function of graphene is of significant importance to the engineering of graphene-based devices, and the measurement technique we have advanced in this Letter will have significant impact on numerous applications for emerging graphene-like 2-dimensional material systems. C1 [Xu, Kun; Zhang, Qin; Yan, Rusen; Suehle, John S.; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.; Nguyen, N. V.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Kun; Ye, Peide] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zeng, Caifu; Wang, Kang] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Zhang, Qin; Yan, Rusen; Seabaugh, Alan C.; Xing, Huili Grace] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Xu, K (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xu83@purdue.edu; nhan.nguyen@nist.gov RI Yan, Rusen/C-2209-2014; Yan, Rusen/A-1618-2014; Yan, Rusen/P-6908-2014 FU Focus Center Research Program (FCRP)-Functional Engineered Nano Architectonics (FENA) FX The authors (C.Z. & K.W.) acknowledge support from the Focus Center Research Program (FCRP)-Functional Engineered Nano Architectonics (FENA). NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 110 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 13 IS 1 BP 131 EP 136 DI 10.1021/nl303669w PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 065IP UT WOS:000313142300024 PM 23244683 ER PT J AU Suzuki, S Manzello, SL Hayashi, Y AF Suzuki, Sayaka Manzello, Samuel L. Hayashi, Yoshihiko TI The size and mass distribution of firebrands collected from ignited building components exposed to wind SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE WUI fires; Firebrands ID FIRES; FLIGHT AB Wildfires that spread into communities, commonly referred to as Wildland-Urban Interface fires (WUI), are a significant international problem. Post-fire damage studies have suggested for some time that firebrands are a significant cause of structure ignition in WUI fires, yet little research has been conducted to investigate firebrand production from burning vegetation and structures. To this end, firebrand production from real-scale building components under well-controlled laboratory conditions was investigated. Specifically, wall and re-entrant corner assemblies were ignited and during the combustion process, firebrands were collected to determine the size/mass distribution generated from such real-scale building components under varying wind speed. Finally, the size and mass distributions of firebrands collected in this study were compared with the data from an actual full-scale structure burn to determine if simple component tests such as these can provide insights into firebrand generation data from full-scale structures. The results are presented and discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Suzuki, Sayaka; Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayashi, Yoshihiko] BRI, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, Room A361,Stop 8662, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 2479 EP 2485 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.061 PN 2 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065ES UT WOS:000313131800068 ER PT J AU Bhattacharjee, S Bundy, M Paolini, C Patel, G Tran, W AF Bhattacharjee, Subrata Bundy, Mathew Paolini, Christopher Patel, Gaurav Tran, Wynn TI A novel apparatus for flame spread study SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Flame-spread; Flame spread rate measurements; PID control; Flame shape; Downward flame spread AB One of the challenges in the experimental study of flame spread is that, even if the flame spreads at a steady rate, the propagating flame creates an unsteady phenomenon with respect to the laboratory frame of reference. As a result, only a few studies have been done where the detailed flame structure has been experimentally measured along with the spread rates. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of a new flame spread apparatus that moves the fuel in the opposite direction of the flame so as to keep the leading edge of the flame stationary with respect to the laboratory. A thermocouple, fixed to the laboratory frame of reference, in front of the leading edge of the flame, senses the presence of the flame and a PID controller keeps the set point temperature constant by moving the sample holder, driven by a stepper motor, in the opposite direction at the velocity of the spread. Unlike conventional studies, this apparatus, called the flame stabilizer, produces real time spread rate with a time resolution of 0.3 s. In this paper, instantaneous flame spread rate and the visible flame structure are compared between a downward spreading flame and the corresponding stabilized flame for spread over ashless filter paper. The results indicate that the difference between the two configurations are within experimental uncertainties and the stabilized flame can represent a spreading flame adequately, including variability of flame spread rate and the flame geometry, for further observations. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Bhattacharjee, Subrata; Paolini, Christopher; Patel, Gaurav; Tran, Wynn] San Diego State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Bundy, Mathew] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Bhattacharjee, S (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM prof.bhattacharjee@gmail.com FU NASA FX The research at SDSU is supported by a grant from NASA with Dr. David Urban serving as the contract monitor. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 2513 EP 2521 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.076 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065ES UT WOS:000313131800072 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT Babushok, VI Sunderland, PB Takahashi, F Katta, VR Meier, O AF Linteris, Gregory T. Babushok, Valeri I. Sunderland, Peter B. Takahashi, Fumi Katta, Viswanath R. Meier, Oliver TI Unwanted combustion enhancement by C6F12O fire suppressant SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE C6F12O; Novec 1230; Cargo bay fire suppression; Halon replacements; CF3Br ID 2-H HEPTAFLUOROPROPANE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OH RADICALS; CUP-BURNER; AIR FLAMES; CL ATOMS; KINETICS; HEXAFLUOROACETONE; DECOMPOSITION; DISSOCIATION AB Several agents are under consideration to replace CF3Br for use in suppressing fires in aircraft cargo bays. In a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) performance test simulating the explosion of an aerosol can, however, the replacements, when added at sub-inerting concentrations, have all been found to create higher pressure rise than with no agent, hence failing the test. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations as well as perfectly-stirred reactor (PSR) simulations with detailed reaction kinetics, are performed for one of these agents, C6F12O (Novec 1230), to understand the reasons for the unexpected enhanced combustion rather than suppression. The high pressure rise with added agent is shown to depend on the amount of agent, and can only occur if a large fraction of the available oxidizer in the chamber is consumed, corresponding to stoichiometric proportions of fuel, oxygen, and agent. A kinetic model for the reaction of C6F12O in hydrocarbon-air flames has been developed. Stirred-reactor simulations predict that at higher agent loadings, the inhibition effectiveness of C6F12O is relatively insensitive to the overall stoichiometry, and the marginal inhibitory effect of the agent is greatly reduced, so that the mixture remains flammable over a wide range of conditions corresponding to those of the FAA test. The present findings are consistent with and support the earlier analyses for C2HF5 and CF3Br, which were also evaluated in the FAA test. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Linteris, Gregory T.; Babushok, Valeri I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sunderland, Peter B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Takahashi, Fumi] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Meier, Oliver] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov OI Sunderland, Peter/0000-0002-8262-7100 FU Boeing Company FX Helpful conversations with John Reinhardt at the FAA Technical Center, and Jeff Manion, Wing Tsang, and Don Burgess, John Pagliaro at NIST are gratefully acknowledged. The work was supported by the Boeing Company. NR 48 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 2683 EP 2690 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.050 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065ES UT WOS:000313131800092 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Katta, VR Linteris, GT Meier, OC AF Takahashi, Fumiaki Katta, Viswanath R. Linteris, Gregory T. Meier, Oliver C. TI Cup-burner flame structure and extinguishment by CF3Br and C2HF5 in microgravity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Aircraft cargo-bay fire suppression; Halon replacement HFC-125; Diffusion flame stabilization; Reaction kernel; Microgravity combustion ID METHANE DIFFUSION FLAMES; FLUORINATED HYDROCARBONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; COFLOW AIR; COMBUSTION; SUPPRESSION; ENVIRONMENTS; INHIBITION; MIXTURES; REACTOR AB The effects of fire-extinguishing agents CF3Br and C2HF5 on the structure and extinguishing processes of microgravity cup-burner flames have been studied numerically. Propane and a propane-ethanol-water fuel mixture, prescribed for a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aerosol can explosion simulator test, were used as the fuel. The time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical code, which includes a detailed kinetic model (177 species and 2986 reactions), diffusive transport, and a gray-gas radiation model, revealed unique flame structure and predicted the minimum extinguishing concentration of agent when added to the air stream. The peak reactivity spot (i.e., reaction kernel) at the flame base stabilized a trailing flame. The calculated flame temperature along the trailing flame decreased downstream due to radiative cooling, causing local extinction at <1250 K and flame tip opening. As the mole fraction of agent in the coflow (X-a) was increased gradually: (1) the premixed-like reaction kernel weakened (i.e., lower heat release rate) (but nonetheless formed at higher temperature); (2) the flame base stabilized increasingly higher above the burner rim, parallel to the axis, until finally blowoff-type extinguishment occurred; (3) the calculated maximum flame temperature remained at nearly constant (approximate to 1700 K) or mildly increased; and (4) the total heat release of the entire flame decreased (inhibited) for CF3Br but increased (enhanced) for C2HF5. In the lifted flame base with added C2HF5, H2O (formed from hydrocarbon-O-2 combustion) was converted further to HF and CF2O through exothermic reactions, thus enhancing the heat-release rate peak. In the trailing flame, "two-zone" flame structure developed: CO2 and CF2O were formed primarily in the inner and outer zones, respectively, while HF was formed in both zones. As a result, the unusual (non-chain branching) reactions and the combustion enhancement (increased total heat release) due to the C2HF5 addition occurred primarily in the trailing diffusion flame. (C) 2012 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. [Linteris, Gregory T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meier, Oliver C.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res, NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, MS 110-3,21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM fxt13@case.edu FU Boeing Company FX This work was supported by The Boeing Company. NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 2707 EP 2717 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.091 PN 2 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065ES UT WOS:000313131800095 ER PT J AU Kralj, JG Salit, ML AF Kralj, Jason G. Salit, Marc L. TI Characterization of in vitro transcription amplification linearity and variability in the low copy number regime using External RNA Control Consortium (ERCC) spike-ins SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th EuCheMS Chemistry Congress (4ECC) CY AUG 26-30, 2012 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE In vitro transcription; ERCC; RNA amplification; Amplification bias ID CDNA; QUANTITIES; SAMPLES AB Using spike-in controls designed to mimic mammalian mRNA species, we used the quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess the performance of in vitro transcription (IVT) amplification process of small samples. We focused especially on the confidence of the transcript level measurement, which is essential for differential gene expression analyses. IVT reproduced gene expression profiles down to approximately 100 absolute input copies. However, a RT-qPCR analysis of the antisense RNA showed a systematic bias against low copy number transcripts, regardless of sequence. Experiments also showed that noise increases with decreasing copy number. First-round IVT preserved the gene expression information within a sample down to the 100 copy level, regardless of total input sample amount. However, the amplification was nonlinear under low total RNA input/long IVT conditions. Variability of the amplification increased predictably with decreasing input copy number. For the small enrichments of interest in typical differential gene expression studies (e.g., twofold changes), the bias from IVT reactions is unlikely to affect the results. In limited cases, some transcript-specific differential gene expression values will need adjustment to reflect this bias. Proper experimental design with reasonable detection limits will yield differential gene expression capability even between low copy number transcripts. C1 [Kralj, Jason G.; Salit, Marc L.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kralj, JG (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jason.kralj@nist.gov; marc.salit@nist.gov FU summer undergraduate research fellowship (SURF) program FX The authors wish to thank David L. Duewer and Hung-kung Liu for their assistance with the statistical analysis of the data, and summer undergraduate research fellowship (SURF) program participants M. Chris Howell and Alex Peters. We would also like to thank Genomic Health for their generous gift of primer/probe sets for the RT-qPCR assays. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 405 IS 1 BP 315 EP 320 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6445-1 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 064HG UT WOS:000313064000031 PM 23086083 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, GC AF Rhoderick, George C. TI The National Institute of Standards and Technology ambient level methane in air Standard Reference Material historical record SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th EuCheMS Chemistry Congress (4ECC) CY AUG 26-30, 2012 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Standard Reference Materials; Methane; Primary gravimetric standard ID CH4 AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been certifying lots, or series, of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) containing ambient level methane in air for over 40 years. The historical record contains six traditional series of SRM 1658 (1 mu mol mol(-1)), five of SRM 1660 (4 mu mol mol(-1)), and seven of SRM 1659 (10 mu mol mol(-1)) methane in air. All series of any one particular SRM can be linked to each other through the historical suites of gravimetric primary standard mixtures (PSMs) developed at NIST. One gas mixture cylinder from a series is chosen as the lot standard (LS), retained and held at NIST, and periodically compared to the PSMs to assure its stability. Recently, 6 of the original 18 LS still in service in the Gas Metrology Group inventory, and cylinder samples held at NIST from 6 other SRM lots, were analyzed against a newly prepared suite of PSMs using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Data were analyzed using a generalized least squares linear regression. The results indicate that, within the original 95 % confidence intervals, the methane concentration has remained the same for all the SRM LS and lot samples. The current predicted concentrations of the LS and samples for SRMs 1659 and 1660 are within 0.002 to 0.051 mu mol mol(-1), or a parts per thousand currency sign0.5 %, relative of the original certificate value. SRM 1658 LS and samples are within 0.0001 to 0.0023 mu mol mol(-1), or a parts per thousand currency sign0.2 % relative. These results illustrate the consistency, repeatability, and stability of these methane in air SRMs over the historical 35+-year record. It also demonstrates that the historical gravimetric primary methane in air suites have remained accurate and consistent over time. C1 NIST, Mat & Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Measurement Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 405 IS 1 BP 369 EP 375 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6397-5 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 064HG UT WOS:000313064000037 PM 23001304 ER PT J AU Dunner, R Hasselfield, M Marriage, TA Sievers, J Acquaviva, V Addison, GE Ade, PAR Aguirre, P Amiri, M Appel, JW Barrientos, LF Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Brown, B Burger, B Calabrese, E Chervenak, J Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, SR Doriese, WB Dunkley, J Essinger-Hileman, T Fisher, RP Gralla, MB Fowler, JW Hajian, A Halpern, M Hernandez-Monteagudo, C Hilton, GC Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, DH Hughes, JP Infante, L Irwin, KD Juin, JB Kaul, M Klein, J Kosowsky, A Lau, JM Limon, M Lin, YT Louis, T Lupton, RH Marsden, D Martocci, K Mauskopf, P Menanteau, F Moodley, K Moseley, H Netterfield, CB Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, L Partridge, B Quintana, H Reid, B Sehgal, N Sherwin, BD Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Tucker, C Warne, R Wilson, G Wollack, E Zhao, Y AF Duenner, Rolando Hasselfield, Matthew Marriage, Tobias A. Sievers, Jon Acquaviva, Viviana Addison, Graeme E. Ade, Peter A. R. Aguirre, Paula Amiri, Mandana Appel, John William Felipe Barrientos, L. Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Brown, Ben Burger, Bryce Calabrese, Erminia Chervenak, Jay Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon R. Doriese, W. Bertrand Dunkley, Joanna Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fisher, Ryan P. Gralla, Megan B. Fowler, Joseph W. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, David H. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Irwin, Kent D. Baptiste Juin, Jean Kaul, Madhuri Klein, Jeff Kosowsky, Arthur Lau, Judy M. Limon, Michele Lin, Yen-Ting Louis, Thibaut Lupton, Robert H. Marsden, Danica Martocci, Krista Mauskopf, Phil Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Moseley, Harvey Netterfield, Calvin B. Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Parker, Lucas Partridge, Bruce Quintana, Hernan Reid, Beth Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Tucker, Carole Warne, Ryan Wilson, Grant Wollack, Ed Zhao, Yue TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: DATA CHARACTERIZATION AND MAPMAKING SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; instrumentation: miscellaneous ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; 148 GHZ; GALAXY CLUSTERS; MICROWAVE; ANISOTROPY; ACT; PARAMETERS; ARRAY AB We present a description of the data reduction and mapmaking pipeline used for the 2008 observing season of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The data presented here at 148 GHz represent 12% of the 90 TB collected by ACT from 2007 to 2010. In 2008 we observed for 136 days, producing a total of 1423 hr of data (11 TB for the 148 GHz band only), with a daily average of 10.5 hr of observation. From these, 1085 hr were devoted to an 850 deg(2) stripe (11.2 hr by 9 degrees.1) centered on a declination of -52 degrees.7, while 175 hr were devoted to a 280 deg(2) stripe (4.5 hr by 4 degrees.8) centered at the celestial equator. The remaining 163 hr correspond to calibration runs. We discuss sources of statistical and systematic noise, calibration, telescope pointing, and data selection. For the 148 GHz band, out of 1260 survey hours and 1024 detectors in the array, 816 hr and 593 effective detectors remain after data selection, yielding a 38% survey efficiency. The total sensitivity in 2008, determined from the noise level between 5 Hz and 20 Hz in the time-ordered data stream (TOD), is 32 mu K root s in cosmic microwave background units. Atmospheric brightness fluctuations constitute the main contaminant in the data and dominate the detector noise covariance at low frequencies in the TOD. The maps were made by solving the least-squares problem using the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient method, incorporating the details of the detector and noise correlations. Simulations, as well as cross-correlations with Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe sky maps on large angular scales, reveal that our maps are unbiased at multipoles l > 300. This paper accompanies the public release of the 148 GHz southern stripe maps from 2008. The techniques described here will be applied to future maps and data releases. C1 [Duenner, Rolando; Aguirre, Paula; Felipe Barrientos, L.; Infante, Leopoldo; Baptiste Juin, Jean; Lin, Yen-Ting; Quintana, Hernan] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Hasselfield, Matthew; Amiri, Mandana; Battistelli, Elia S.; Burger, Bryce; Halpern, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Marriage, Tobias A.; Acquaviva, Viviana; Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Hajian, Amir; Hlozek, Renee; Lin, Yen-Ting; Lupton, Robert H.; Sehgal, Neelima; Spergel, David N.; Trac, Hy] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Marriage, Tobias A.; Gralla, Megan B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sievers, Jon; Appel, John William; Das, Sudeep; Dunkley, Joanna; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Fisher, Ryan P.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Lau, Judy M.; Limon, Michele; Martocci, Krista; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Parker, Lucas; Reid, Beth; Sherwin, Blake D.; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Switzer, Eric R.; Zhao, Yue] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Sievers, Jon; Bond, J. Richard; Hincks, Adam D.; Nolta, Michael R.; Switzer, Eric R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Acquaviva, Viviana; Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Addison, Graeme E.; Calabrese, Erminia; Dunkley, Joanna; Hlozek, Renee; Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Mauskopf, Phil; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Brown, Ben; Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Chervenak, Jay; Moseley, Harvey; Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Reid, Beth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep; Reid, Beth] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon R.; Kaul, Madhuri; Klein, Jeff; Limon, Michele; Swetz, Daniel S.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Doriese, W. Bertrand; Fowler, Joseph W.; Hilton, Gene C.; Irwin, Kent D.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hajian, Amir; Netterfield, Calvin B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Hernandez-Monteagudo, Carlos] Max Planck Inst Astrophys, D-85741 Garching, Germany. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan; Warne, Ryan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, David H.] INAOE, Puebla, Mexico. [Limon, Michele] Columbia Univ, Columbia Astrophys Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Univ Tokyo, Inst Phys & Math Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Lin, Yen-Ting] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Martocci, Krista] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Lab Astrophys & Space Res, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Ctr High Performance Comp, Cape Town, South Africa. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Thornton, Robert] W Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, Hy] Harvard Univ, Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Wilson, Grant] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Dunner, R (reprint author), Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile. RI Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625, PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; CONICYT scholarship; MECESUP; Fundacion Andes; Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines CATA del Proyecto Financiamiento Basal [PFB06]; Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP [15010003]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC3-76SF00515]; NSF [1102762]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Rhodes Trust; Christ Church; [FONDECYT-11100147]; [NSF-AST-0807790] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, and PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. We specially thank Astro-Norte, Masao Uehara, Felipe Rojas, Patricio Gallardo, Omelan Strysak, Bill Page, Katerina Visnjic, Ben Schmidt, David Faber, and Benjamin Walter. R.D. received additional support from a CONICYT scholarship, from MECESUP, from Fundacion Andes, from FONDECYT-11100147, from Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines CATA del Proyecto Financiamiento Basal PFB06, and from Centro de Astrofisica FONDAP 15010003. N.S. is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy contract to SLAC no. DE-AC3-76SF00515 and by the NSF under Award No. 1102762. E.R.S. acknowledges support by NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics. A.K. has been supported by NSF-AST-0807790 for work on ACT. R.H. acknowledges funding from the Rhodes Trust and Christ Church. We are grateful for the assistance we received at various times from the ALMA, APEX, ASTE, CBI/QUIET, and NANTEN2 groups. NR 59 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 762 IS 1 AR 10 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/762/1/10 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 063NY UT WOS:000313007900010 ER PT J AU Du, K Ko, SH Gallatin, GM Yoon, HP Liddle, JA Berglund, AJ AF Du, Kan Ko, Seung Hyeon Gallatin, Gregg M. Yoon, Heayoung P. Liddle, J. Alexander Berglund, Andrew J. TI Quantum dot-DNA origami binding: a single particle, 3D, real-time tracking study SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID NANOPARTICLES; ARRAYS AB The binding process of quantum dots and DNA origami was monitored using a 3D, real-time, single-particle tracking system. Single-molecule binding events were directly observed and precise measurements of the diffusion coefficient and second-order photon correlation function, g(2)(tau), were combined to distinguish free quantum dots from different conjugates of nQdot-origami. C1 [Du, Kan; Ko, Seung Hyeon; Gallatin, Gregg M.; Yoon, Heayoung P.; Liddle, J. Alexander; Berglund, Andrew J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Du, Kan; Ko, Seung Hyeon; Yoon, Heayoung P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov; ajberglund@gmail.com RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX S. H. Ko and K. Du acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 57 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 9 BP 907 EP 909 DI 10.1039/c2cc37517f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 062TF UT WOS:000312944700018 PM 23247801 ER PT J AU Berg, N Hall, A Capps, SB Hughes, M AF Berg, Neil Hall, Alex Capps, Scott B. Hughes, Mimi TI El Nio-Southern Oscillation impacts on winter winds over Southern California SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Near-surface winds; Regional climate ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; ENSO; PACIFIC; ANOMALIES; DYNAMICS; BLOCKING; CLIMATE AB Changes in wintertime 10 m winds due to the El Nio-Southern Oscillation are examined using a 6 km resolution climate simulation of Southern California covering the period from 1959 through 2001. Wind speed statistics based on regional averages reveal a general signal of increased mean wind speeds and wind speed variability during El Nio across the region. An opposite and nearly as strong signal of decreased wind speed variability during La Nia is also found. These signals are generally more significant than the better-known signals in precipitation. In spite of these regional-scale generalizations, there are significant sub-regional mesoscale structures in the wind speed impacts. In some cases, impacts on mean winds and wind variability at the sub-regional scale are opposite to those of the region as a whole. All of these signals can be interpreted in terms of shifts in occurrences of the region's main wind regimes due to the El Nio phenomenon. The results of this study can be used to understand how interannual wind speed variations in regions of Southern California are influenced by the El Nio phenomenon. C1 [Berg, Neil; Hall, Alex; Capps, Scott B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hughes, Mimi] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80005 USA. RP Berg, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM nberg@atmos.ucla.edu RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; FU US Department of Energy through the City and County of Los Angeles FX This work was funded by a grant to the Los Angeles Regional Collaborative by the US Department of Energy through the City and County of Los Angeles. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticism of this manuscript. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1461-6 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063WQ UT WOS:000313033100007 ER PT J AU Goddard, L Kumar, A Solomon, A Smith, D Boer, G Gonzalez, P Kharin, V Merryfield, W Deser, C Mason, SJ Kirtman, BP Msadek, R Sutton, R Hawkins, E Fricker, T Hegerl, G Ferro, CAT Stephenson, DB Meehl, GA Stockdale, T Burgman, R Greene, AM Kushnir, Y Newman, M Carton, J Fukumori, I Delworth, T AF Goddard, L. Kumar, A. Solomon, A. Smith, D. Boer, G. Gonzalez, P. Kharin, V. Merryfield, W. Deser, C. Mason, S. J. Kirtman, B. P. Msadek, R. Sutton, R. Hawkins, E. Fricker, T. Hegerl, G. Ferro, C. A. T. Stephenson, D. B. Meehl, G. A. Stockdale, T. Burgman, R. Greene, A. M. Kushnir, Y. Newman, M. Carton, J. Fukumori, I. Delworth, T. TI A verification framework for interannual-to-decadal predictions experiments SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Decadal; Prediction; Verification; Uncertainty; CMIP5 ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SEASONAL PREDICTION; CLIMATE MODEL; TIME SCALES; EL-NINO; PREDICTABILITY; FORECASTS; OCEAN; ENSEMBLE AB Decadal predictions have a high profile in the climate science community and beyond, yet very little is known about their skill. Nor is there any agreed protocol for estimating their skill. This paper proposes a sound and coordinated framework for verification of decadal hindcast experiments. The framework is illustrated for decadal hindcasts tailored to meet the requirements and specifications of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5). The chosen metrics address key questions about the information content in initialized decadal hindcasts. These questions are: (1) Do the initial conditions in the hindcasts lead to more accurate predictions of the climate, compared to un-initialized climate change projections? and (2) Is the prediction model's ensemble spread an appropriate representation of forecast uncertainty on average? The first question is addressed through deterministic metrics that compare the initialized and uninitialized hindcasts. The second question is addressed through a probabilistic metric applied to the initialized hindcasts and comparing different ways to ascribe forecast uncertainty. Verification is advocated at smoothed regional scales that can illuminate broad areas of predictability, as well as at the grid scale, since many users of the decadal prediction experiments who feed the climate data into applications or decision models will use the data at grid scale, or downscale it to even higher resolution. An overall statement on skill of CMIP5 decadal hindcasts is not the aim of this paper. The results presented are only illustrative of the framework, which would enable such studies. However, broad conclusions that are beginning to emerge from the CMIP5 results include (1) Most predictability at the interannual-to-decadal scale, relative to climatological averages, comes from external forcing, particularly for temperature; (2) though moderate, additional skill is added by the initial conditions over what is imparted by external forcing alone; however, the impact of initialization may result in overall worse predictions in some regions than provided by uninitialized climate change projections; (3) limited hindcast records and the dearth of climate-quality observational data impede our ability to quantify expected skill as well as model biases; and (4) as is common to seasonal-to-interannual model predictions, the spread of the ensemble members is not necessarily a good representation of forecast uncertainty. The authors recommend that this framework be adopted to serve as a starting point to compare prediction quality across prediction systems. The framework can provide a baseline against which future improvements can be quantified. The framework also provides guidance on the use of these model predictions, which differ in fundamental ways from the climate change projections that much of the community has become familiar with, including adjustment of mean and conditional biases, and consideration of how to best approach forecast uncertainty. C1 [Goddard, L.; Gonzalez, P.; Mason, S. J.; Greene, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Kumar, A.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Solomon, A.; Newman, M.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smith, D.] Hadley Ctr, UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Boer, G.; Kharin, V.; Merryfield, W.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Deser, C.; Meehl, G. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kirtman, B. P.] Univ Miami, Rosentiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. [Msadek, R.; Delworth, T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sutton, R.; Hawkins, E.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Fricker, T.; Ferro, C. A. T.; Stephenson, D. B.] Univ Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England. [Hegerl, G.] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Stockdale, T.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Burgman, R.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Kushnir, Y.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Earth Inst, Palisades, NY USA. [Carton, J.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fukumori, I.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Goddard, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM goddard@iri.columbia.edu RI Kushnir, Yochanan/B-4472-2013; Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013; Stephenson, David/A-9903-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; carton, james/C-4807-2009; OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Gonzalez, Paula/0000-0003-0154-0087; Sutton, Rowan/0000-0001-8345-8583 FU US CLIVAR office; NOAA [NA08OAR4320912, NA0OAR4320912]; NOAA OAR CVP; NSF AGS [1125561]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; EU ENSEMBLES project; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-FC02-97ER62402]; National Science Foundation; NOAA OAR CVP program; UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science; NERC [NE/H003509/1]; EQUIP [NERC NE/H003533/1]; US CLIVAR FX The authors of this paper are members of the Decadal Predictability Working Group sponsored by US CLIVAR. We thank the two reviewers of this paper, who offered considerable constructive suggestions toward the improvement of this work. The Working Group appreciates the support from the US CLIVAR office. Goddard, Gonzalez and Greene received funding from a NOAA grant (NA08OAR4320912) for work on this project. Amy Solomon received support form NOAA OAR CVP and NSF AGS #1125561. Doug Smith was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101) and the EU ENSEMBLES project. Deser and Meehl were supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy, Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC02-97ER62402, and the National Science Foundation that sponsors the National Center for Atmospheric Research. Matthew Newman was supported by the NOAA OAR CVP program. Sutton and Hawkins' contributions were covered by support form support from the UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science. Fricker, Ferro, and Stevenson contributions were supported by byNERC Directed Grant NE/H003509/1. Hegerl's contribution was funded by EQUIP, NERC NE/H003533/1. Kushir's contribution to this work was funded by NOAA Grant NA0OAR4320912. NR 59 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 82 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 245 EP 272 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1481-2 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063WQ UT WOS:000313033100015 ER PT J AU Lee, HC Delworth, TL Rosati, A Zhang, R Anderson, WG Zeng, FR Stock, CA Gnanadesikan, A Dixon, KW Griffies, SM AF Lee, Hyun-Chul Delworth, Thomas L. Rosati, Anthony Zhang, Rong Anderson, Whit G. Zeng, Fanrong Stock, Charles A. Gnanadesikan, Anand Dixon, Keith W. Griffies, Stephen M. TI Impact of climate warming on upper layer of the Bering Sea SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Climate warming; High resolution coupled global climate model ID MESOSCALE EDDIES; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; VARIABILITY; MODEL; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; ECOSYSTEM; SHELF; EDDY AB The impact of climate warming on the upper layer of the Bering Sea is investigated by using a high-resolution coupled global climate model. The model is forced by increasing atmospheric CO2 at a rate of 1% per year until CO2 reaches double its initial value (after 70 years), after which it is held constant. In response to this forcing, the upper layer of the Bering Sea warms by about 2A degrees C in the southeastern shelf and by a little more than 1A degrees C in the western basin. The wintertime ventilation to the permanent thermocline weakens in the western Bering Sea. After CO2 doubling, the southeastern shelf of the Bering Sea becomes almost ice-free in March, and the stratification of the upper layer strengthens in May and June. Changes of physical condition due to the climate warming would impact the pre-condition of spring bio-productivity in the southeastern shelf. C1 [Lee, Hyun-Chul; Delworth, Thomas L.; Rosati, Anthony; Zhang, Rong; Anderson, Whit G.; Zeng, Fanrong; Stock, Charles A.; Dixon, Keith W.; Griffies, Stephen M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lee, Hyun-Chul] High Performance Technol Grp DRC, Reston, VA USA. [Gnanadesikan, Anand] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lee, HC (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hyun-chul.lee@noaa.gov RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015; OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 327 EP 340 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1301-8 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063WQ UT WOS:000313033100019 ER PT J AU Kim, J Waliser, DE Neiman, PJ Guan, B Ryoo, JM Wick, GA AF Kim, Jinwon Waliser, Duane E. Neiman, Paul J. Guan, Bin Ryoo, Ju-Mee Wick, Gary A. TI Effects of atmospheric river landfalls on the cold season precipitation in California SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric river; AR landfall in California coast; Cold season California precipitation; Freezing level altitude ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL MOISTURE; SIMULATION; SATELLITE; MODEL; IMPACTS; WINTER AB Effects of atmospheric river (AR) landfalls in the California coast on the cold-season precipitation in California are examined for the cold seasons of 10 water years (WYs) 2001-2010 using observed data and regional modeling in conjunction with AR-landfall inventory based on visual inspections of precipitable water vapor (PWV) from remote sensing and reanalysis. The PWV in the SSM/I and SSMIS retrievals and the ERA-Interim reanalysis shows 95 AR-landfall days in the California coast that are almost evenly split between the northern and southern coasts across 37.5N. The CPC/NCEP gridded daily precipitation analysis shows that 10-30% of the cold-season precipitation totals in California have occurred during these AR landfalls. The analysis also reveals that the percentage of precipitation and the precipitation intensity during AR landfalls in California are characterized by strong north-to-south gradient. This north-south contrast in the AR precipitation is reversed for the non-AR precipitation in the coastal range. The frequency of AR landfalls and the cold-season precipitation totals in the Sierra Nevada region are only marginally correlated. Instead, AR landfalls are closely related with the occurrence of heavy precipitation events. The freezing-level altitudes are systematically higher for AR wet days than non-AR wet days indicating warmer low-troposphere during AR storms. Cold season simulations for the 10 WYs 2001-2010 show that the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model can reasonably simulate important features in both the seasonal and AR precipitation totals. The daily pattern correlation coefficients between the simulated and ERA-Interim upper-air fields exceed 0.9 for most of the period. This suggests that the simulated temporal variations in the atmospheric circulation agree reasonably with the reanalysis over seasonal time scales, characteristics critical for reliable simulations of regional scale hydrologic cycle. The simulated seasonal and AR precipitation totals also agree reasonably with the CPC/NCEP precipitation analysis. The most notable model errors include the overestimation (underestimation) of the season-total and AR precipitation in the northern (southern) California region. The differences in the freezing-level altitudes during the AR- and non-AR wet days in the simulation agree with those from the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The freezing level altitudes are systematically overestimated in the simulations, suggesting warm biases in the low troposphere. Overall, WRF appears to perform reasonably in simulating the key features in the cold season precipitation related with AR landfalls, an important capability for assessing the impact of global climate variations and change on future hydrology in California. C1 [Kim, Jinwon; Waliser, Duane E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Waliser, Duane E.; Guan, Bin; Ryoo, Ju-Mee] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Neiman, Paul J.; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM jkim@atmos.ucla.edu RI Guan, Bin/F-6735-2010 FU NASA ARRA; NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study; NASA NCA [ID 11-NCA11-0028]; UC Lab 'Enhancing California's water resources management system'; NSF [ID 2011-67004-30224, ID 1125798]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The CPC precipitation data were obtained the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD from its Web site http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. We thank Wei Shi for discussions on the CPC data. The ERA-Interim data were obtained from the ECMWF data distribution portal http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/data/d/license/interim/. This study is supported by NASA ARRA, NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study, NASA NCA (ID 11-NCA11-0028), the UC Lab 'Enhancing California's water resources management system', and NSF EaSM (ID 2011-67004-30224) and ExArch (ID 1125798) projects. The contribution from Duane E. Waliser, Bin Guan, and Ju-Mee Ryoo to this study was performed on behalf of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 44 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 40 IS 1-2 BP 465 EP 474 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1322-3 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 063WQ UT WOS:000313033100027 ER PT J AU Waliser, D Kim, J Xue, Y Chao, Y Eldering, A Fovell, R Hall, A Li, Q Liou, KN McWilliams, J Kapnick, S Vasic, R De Sales, F Yu, Y AF Waliser, D. Kim, J. Xue, Y. Chao, Y. Eldering, A. Fovell, R. Hall, A. Li, Q. Liou, K. N. McWilliams, J. Kapnick, S. Vasic, R. De Sales, F. Yu, Y. TI Simulating cold season snowpack: Impacts of snow albedo and multi-layer snow physics (vol 109, pg 95, 2011) SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Correction C1 [Kim, J.; Xue, Y.; Fovell, R.; Hall, A.; Li, Q.; Liou, K. N.; McWilliams, J.; Kapnick, S.; Vasic, R.; De Sales, F.; Yu, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Waliser, D.; Chao, Y.; Eldering, A.] CALTECH, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Vasic, R.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kim, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM jkim@atmos.ucla.edu RI Kapnick, Sarah/C-5209-2014 OI Kapnick, Sarah/0000-0003-0979-3070 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD JAN PY 2013 VL 116 IS 2 BP 425 EP 425 DI 10.1007/s10584-012-0621-3 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 059OS UT WOS:000312715500015 ER PT J AU Turuncoglu, UU Dalfes, N Murphy, S DeLuca, C AF Turuncoglu, Ufuk Utku Dalfes, Nuzhet Murphy, Sylvia DeLuca, Cecelia TI Toward self-describing and workflow integrated Earth system models: A coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling system application SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE Coupled Earth system models; ROMS; WRF; Scientific workflow; Self-describing models; Provenance information ID SCIENTIFIC WORKFLOWS; FRAMEWORK; PROVENANCE; CLIMATE; SURFACE; TOOLKIT; DESIGN AB The complexity of Earth system models and their applications is increasing as a consequence of scientific advances, user demand, and the ongoing development of computing platforms, storage systems and distributed high-resolution observation networks. Multi-component Earth system models need to be redesigned to make interactions among model components and other applications external to the modeling system easier. To that end, the common component interfaces of Earth system models can be redesigned to increase interoperability between models and other applications such as various web services, data portals and science gateways. The models can be made self-describing so that the many configuration, build options and inputs of a simulation can be recorded. In this paper, we present a coupled modeling system that includes the proposed methodology to create self-describing models with common model component interfaces. The designed coupled atmosphere-ocean modeling system is also integrated into a scientific workflow system to simplify routine modeling tasks and relationships between these tasks and to demonstrate the enhanced interoperability between different technologies and components. Later on, the work environment is tested using a realistic Earth system modeling application. As can be seen through this example, a layered design for collecting provenance and metadata has the added benefit of documenting a run in far greater detail than before. In this way, it facilitates exploration and understanding of simulations and leads to possible reproducibility. In addition to designing self-describing Earth system models, the regular modeling tasks are also simplified and automated by using a scientific workflow which provides meaningful abstractions for the model, computing environment and provenance/metadata collection mechanisms. Our aim here is to solve a specific instance of a complex model integration problem by using a framework and scientific workflow approach together. The reader may also note that the methods presented in this paper might be also generalized to other types of Earth system models, leading to improved ease of use and flexibility. The initial results also show that the coupled atmosphere-ocean model, which is controlled by the designed workflow environment, is able to reproduce the Mediterranean Sea surface temperature when it is compared with the used CCSM3 initial and boundary conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, C1 [Turuncoglu, Ufuk Utku] Istanbul Tech Univ, Inst Informat, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. [Murphy, Sylvia; DeLuca, Cecelia] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Dalfes, Nuzhet] Istanbul Tech Univ, Eurasia Inst Earth Sci, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Turuncoglu, UU (reprint author), Istanbul Tech Univ, Inst Informat, TR-34469 Istanbul, Turkey. EM u.utku.turuncoglu@be.itu.edu.tr RI Turuncoglu, Ufuk/B-5908-2011; Dalfes, Hasan Nuzhet/Q-2423-2015; OI Turuncoglu, Ufuk/0000-0001-5499-7326; Dalfes, Nuzhet/0000-0002-2522-8381 FU Istanbul Technical University, Informatics Institute; NSF MRI [CNS-0421498, CNS-0420873, CNS-0420985]; NSF of the National Center for Atmospheric Research; University of Colorado; IBM FX The authors wish to thank John Michalakes and Qui Xin from NCAR for very useful suggestions and comments and Shaowu Bao from NOAA ESRL for sharing his model coupling experience and studies. The authors extend special thanks to Malden Vouk, Pierre Mouallem, Meiyappan Nagappan from North Caroline State University and Norbert Podhorszki, Scott Klasky from Oak Ridge National Laboratory for sharing their experience about collecting system provenance information. This work is funded by Istanbul Technical University, Informatics Institute and computer time was also provided by NSF MRI Grant #CNS-0421498, NSF MRI Grant #CNS-0420873, NSF MRI Grant #CNS-0420985, NSF sponsorship of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the University of Colorado, and a grant from the IBM Shared University Research (SUR) program. NR 43 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 EI 1873-6726 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 39 SI SI BP 247 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.02.013 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 056UP UT WOS:000312517200018 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Handegard, NO AF De Robertis, Alex Handegard, Nils Olav TI Fish avoidance of research vessels and the efficacy of noise-reduced vessels: a review SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE acoustic surveys; behaviour; noise-reduced vessel; ship; underwater radiated noise; vessel avoidance ID CONVENTIONAL RESEARCH VESSEL; SILENT SHIPS SOMETIMES; ACOUSTIC BACKSCATTER; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSES; ALWAYS ENCOUNTER; WALLEYE POLLOCK; DECISION-MAKING; MULTIBEAM SONAR; TRAWLING VESSEL; CLUPEA-HARENGUS AB It has long been recognized that fish can avoid approaching vessels and that these behaviours can bias fishery surveys. Underwater noise is considered the primary stimulus, and standards for research vessel noise have been established to minimize fish reactions. We review the literature on fish reactions to vessels appearing since these recommendations were made, focusing on acoustic surveys, and compare how fish react to noise-reduced and conventional vessels. Reactions to approaching vessels are variable and difficult to predict. However, the behaviour can bias acoustic abundance measurements, and should be considered when performing acoustic surveys. The few comparisons of acoustic abundance measurements from noise-reduced and conventional vessels are contradictory, but demonstrate that the sound pressure level, on which the noise-reduction criterion is based, is insufficient to explain how fish react to survey vessels. Further research is needed to identify the stimuli fish perceive from approaching vessels and the factors affecting whether fish perceiving these stimuli will react before further recommendations to reduce vessel-avoidance reactions can be made. In the interim, measurement of the biases introduced by fish avoidance reactions during surveys, and timing of surveys when fish are in a less reactive state, may reduce errors introduced by vessel avoidance. C1 [De Robertis, Alex] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Handegard, Nils Olav] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov RI Handegard, Nils Olav /I-3047-2012 OI Handegard, Nils Olav /0000-0002-9708-9042 FU Norwegian Research Council [204229/F20]; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX This work was partially supported by the Norwegian Research Council (grant 204229/F20; NOH) and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center (ADR). We thank Paul Fernandes, Andrew Brierley, Chris Wilson, and Vidar Hjellvik for providing data. The members of the ICES study group on fish avoidance of research vessels, chaired by Francois Gerlotto and Julia Parrish, and the ICES working group on fisheries acoustics, science, and technology, provided discussion and feedback. The comments of John Dalen, Bill Karp, Lise Doksaeter, and three anonymous reviewers improved the paper. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of their respective institutions. NR 88 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 72 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 34 EP 45 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss155 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 058OX UT WOS:000312644500003 ER PT J AU Stockwell, JD Weber, TC Baukus, AJ Jech, JM AF Stockwell, Jason D. Weber, Thomas C. Baukus, Adam J. Jech, J. Michael TI On the use of omnidirectional sonars and downwards-looking echosounders to assess pelagic fish distributions during and after midwater trawling SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustics; aggregation; Atlantic herring; midwater trawling; pelagic ID MULTIBEAM SONAR; WALLEYE POLLOCK; BEHAVIOR; FISHERIES; SCHOOLS; VESSEL; ACOUSTICS; DYNAMICS; ATLANTIC; SYSTEMS AB Stockwell, J. D., Weber, T. C., Baukus, A. J., and Jech, J. M. 2013. On the use of omnidirectional sonars and downwards-looking echosounders to assess pelagic fish distributions during and after midwater trawling. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70:196-203. Small pelagic fish can play an important role in the structure and function of ecosystems, and there is increasing interest in their non-market value. At the scale of fish aggregations, however, the impact of fishing has received relatively little attention, with most effort devoted to impacts of vessel and gear avoidance on stock size estimates. We used concurrent deployment of a downwards-looking echosounder (Simrad ES60 system) and an omnidirectional sonar (Simrad SP90 system) during commercial pairtrawling operations for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Gulf of Maine to examine their potential for studying the impacts of fishing on herring aggregations. We compared a number of aggregation metrics to illustrate similarities and differences between the two systems, and then qualitatively examined their properties during and after pairtrawling events to illustrate potential applications. Our results suggest that using both downwards-looking and omnidirectional systems provides complementary information on fish aggregation metrics. Future applications of these systems in beforeaftercontrol-impact (BACI) designs may help inform management agencies when evaluating potential impacts of fishing at the time and space scales of pelagic fish aggregations. C1 [Stockwell, Jason D.; Baukus, Adam J.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Weber, Thomas C.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Jech, J. Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Stockwell, JD (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosyst Sci Lab, 3 Coll St, Burlington, VT 05401 USA. EM jason.stockwell@uvm.edu RI Weber, Thomas/H-2428-2012 OI Weber, Thomas/0000-0001-8320-361X FU National Marine Fisheries Service Herring Research-Set-Aside Program [NOAA/NA08NMF4540429] FX We thank the Western Sea Fishing Company for participating in this cooperative project. Dan Salerno, Elizabeth Wetterhahn, Michelle Heller, Matt Moretti, and the NOAA Northeast Fisheries Observer Program provided valuable assistance in the field. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments. Dr David Pierce from the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries kindly assisted with permitting requirements. This project was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service Herring Research-Set-Aside Program (NOAA/NA08NMF4540429). NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 28 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 196 EP 203 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss139 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 058OX UT WOS:000312644500017 ER PT J AU Smith, JN Ressler, PH Warren, JD AF Smith, Joy N. Ressler, Patrick H. Warren, Joseph D. TI A distorted wave Born approximation target strength model for Bering Sea euphausiids SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA); euphausiids; target strength (TS) ID ANTARCTIC KRILL; SOUND-SCATTERING; FINITE-LENGTH; ACOUSTIC-SCATTERING; IMPROVED PARAMETERIZATION; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; FLUID CYLINDERS; 120 KHZ; ZOOPLANKTON; ORIENTATION AB Acoustic surveys monitor euphausiid populations in the Bering Sea because of their importance as prey for walleye pollock and other organisms. Various scattering models exist to convert acoustic backscatter data to estimates of euphausiid numerical density or biomass, but a target strength (TS) model specific to Bering Sea euphausiids has not been available. This study parameterized a distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) scattering model using physical (length and body shape) and material (density contrast, g, and sound speed contrast, h) properties measured from live euphausiids. All model parameters (length, shape, material properties, orientation) were evaluated for their effect on predicted TS. A polynomial function was used to describe animal shape and produced smaller TS estimates compared to a taper function, as is traditionally used in DWBA scattering models of euphausiids. Animal length was positively correlated with TS, but variations in other parameters (including material properties and orientation) also produced large changes in TS. Large differences in TS between estimates calculated using measured versus literature material property values caused large variations in acoustic estimates of euphausiid numerical densities (animals m 23) which emphasizes the importance of collecting site-specific g and h measurements when possible. C1 [Smith, Joy N.; Warren, Joseph D.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. [Ressler, Patrick H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Warren, JD (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 239 Montauk Hwy, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. EM joe.warren@stonybrook.edu FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA; North Pacific Research Board's Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program FX This project was supported by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, and the North Pacific Research Board's Bering Sea Integrated Ecosystem Research Program. The captain, crew, and scientists aboard the NOAA ship Oscar Dyson provided excellent logistical support and sampling assistance. Abigail McCarthy helped us greatly with the set up and maintenance of the on board aquaria as well as with the trawl sampling operations. The comments of Dezhang Chu, Kresimir Williams, and several anonymous reviewers helped improve this manuscript. This is NPRB publication number 352 and BEST-BSIERP publication number 64. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 60 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 70 IS 1 BP 204 EP 214 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss140 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 058OX UT WOS:000312644500018 ER PT J AU Eberbeck, D Dennis, CL Huls, NF Krycka, KL Gruttner, C Westphal, F AF Eberbeck, Dietmar Dennis, Cindi L. Huls, Natalie F. Krycka, Kathryn L. Gruettner, Cordula Westphal, Fritz TI Multicore Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on the Scientific and Clinical Applications of Magnetic Carriers CY MAY 22-26, 2012 CL Minneapolis, MN DE Anisotropy constant; magnetic particle imaging (MPI); multicore cluster; nanoparticle AB Biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles are interesting tracers for diagnostic imaging techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Here, we will present our studies of the physical and especially magnetic properties of dextran coated multicore magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, with promising high MPI signals revealed by magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) measurements. The Nanomag-MIP particles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 106 nm show an increase of the MPS amplitude by a factor of about two at the 3rd harmonic, as compared to Resovist. In particular, the signal improves progressively with the order of the harmonic, a prerequisite for better spatial resolution. To understand this behavior, we investigated the samples using quasistatic magnetization measurements yielding bimodal size distributions for both systems, and magnetorelaxometry providing the mean effective anisotropy constant. The mean effective magnetic diameter of the dominant larger size mode is 19 nm with a dispersion parameter sigma = 0.3 of for Nanomag-MIP, and 22 nm with sigma = 0.25 for Resovist. However, about 80% of the magnetic nanoparticles of Nanomag-MIP belong to this larger size mode whereas in Resovist only 30% do. The remaining Resovist particles are in the range of 5 nm, and, in practice, do not contribute to the MPI signal. C1 [Eberbeck, Dietmar] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Dennis, Cindi L.; Huls, Natalie F.; Krycka, Kathryn L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gruettner, Cordula; Westphal, Fritz] Micromod Partikeltechnol GmbH, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. RP Eberbeck, D (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. EM dietmar.eberbeck@ptb.de FU German Ministry for Education and Research [FKZ 13N11092]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors thank G. Holzhuter from University Rostock for taking the TEM images and J. Krzywon from NCNR for help with the SANS. The PTB research was supported by the German Ministry for Education and Research under Grant FKZ 13N11092. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0454672. Resovist is a trademark of Bayer Pharma AG and Nanomag-MIP was available from TOPASS GmbH, Berlin, Germany. NR 13 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 55 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9464 EI 1941-0069 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 269 EP 274 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2226438 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 061ET UT WOS:000312831500020 ER PT J AU McBride, RS Wuenschel, MJ Nitschke, P Thornton, G King, JR AF McBride, Richard S. Wuenschel, Mark J. Nitschke, Paul Thornton, Grace King, Jeremy R. TI Latitudinal and stock-specific variation in size- and age-at-maturity of female winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, as determined with gonad histology SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology CY NOV 05-11, 2011 CL Ijmuiden, NETHERLANDS SP Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studies (IMARES), Minist Econ, Agr & Innovat, Minist Infrastructure & Environm, Wageningen Univ DE Reproduction; Maturation; Gonad histology; Geographic variation; Spawning stock biomass; East coast North America ID MATURATION REACTION NORMS; NEW-YORK BIGHT; PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; GADUS-MORHUA; FISHES; GROWTH; COD; GAMETOGENESIS AB Female winter flounder were examined using gonad histology to determine the adequacy of routine macroscopic maturity classification methods and to determine the spatial variation in size and age of maturity in US. waters. Sampling occurred in spring and autumn, which was adequate to collect immature, mature, spawning-active, and non-active females. Females were collected in coastal waters from Delaware Bay, USA, to the Scotian Shelf, Canada, including in Long Island Sound and on Georges Bank, which covered all U.S. stock areas. Mature fish spawned in spring, when gonads comprised up to 30% of the total body weight. Direct comparisons of maturity assignment by macroscopic versus microscopic methods demonstrated that both schemes are compatible, but the more cost-effective macroscopic method had trouble distinguishing larger immature from smaller resting females. Spatial comparisons, using gonad histology only, supported the existence of three stocks in U.S. waters, but also revealed significant variation in age at maturity within the two coastal stocks. Age-at-maturity was more variable than size-at-maturity, which is consistent with known stock-specific patterns of growth rates and a postulated life history tradeoff to delay maturity until a size threshold is reached. The within-stock variation in median age at maturity, about one year for coastal stocks, recommends further investigation of using static, stock-specific maturity ogives to calculate reference points for management. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [McBride, Richard S.; Wuenschel, Mark J.; Nitschke, Paul; Thornton, Grace] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [King, Jeremy R.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. RP McBride, RS (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM richard.mcbride@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 NR 60 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 75 SI SI BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2012.04.005 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 065FQ UT WOS:000313134300006 ER PT J AU McElroy, WD Wuenschel, MJ Press, YK Towle, EK McBride, RS AF McElroy, W. David Wuenschel, Mark J. Press, Yvonna K. Towle, Emilee K. McBride, Richard S. TI Differences in female individual reproductive potential among three stocks of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology CY NOV 05-11, 2011 CL Ijmuiden, NETHERLANDS SP Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studies (IMARES), Minist Econ, Agr & Innovat, Minist Infrastructure & Environm, Wageningen Univ DE Autodiametric Method; Determinate Fecundity; Interpopulation Variation; Latitudinal Variation; Non-annual Spawning; Temporal Variation ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; SEA PLAICE; NORTH-SEA; FECUNDITY REGULATION; MATERNAL INFLUENCES; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; MARINE FISHES; GRAND-BANK; EGG SIZES; BODY-SIZE AB Potential annual fecundity (PAF) and skipped spawning of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, were compared among the three stocks in United States waters and between two spawning seasons. Winter flounder have group-synchronous oocyte development and determinate fecundity. These characteristics enable estimation of PAF just prior to spawning by enumeration of the late-vitellogenic cohort of oocytes, in this case employing the autodiametric method. There was a low level of down-regulation, which was limited to fish in the earlier stages of vitellogenesis. Estimates of PAF increased substantially with female size and age, ranging from <0.5 million to >5 million eggs per female. Fecundity at size decreased with increasing latitude. On average, fish from the Southern New England (SNE) stock had the highest individual fecundities at length and Gulf of Maine (GOM) the lowest, but differences varied among the years. Fecundity at length of fish from Georges Bank (GB) was intermediate to these two stocks and displayed less variability at size; however, GB fish grow faster so they had the highest relative fecundity at age. Skipped spawning also exhibited geographic differences; it was infrequent (<2%) overall, but observed in the two coastal stocks (GOM more than SNE) in both years and was not observed in the GB stock. Fecundity at size between the two years was more similar for SNE fish, but all three stocks were synchronized with higher PAF in 2011 than 2010. Comparisons to previously published estimates suggest fecundity is highly variable in this species. Overall, different rates of reproductive productivity exist among individuals of the three stocks. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McElroy, W. David; Wuenschel, Mark J.; Press, Yvonna K.; Towle, Emilee K.; McBride, Richard S.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McElroy, WD (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Dave.McElroy@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 75 SI SI BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2012.05.018 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 065FQ UT WOS:000313134300007 ER PT J AU Duffy-Anderson, JT Blood, DM Cheng, W Ciannelli, L Matarese, AC Sohn, D Vance, TC Vestfals, C AF Duffy-Anderson, J. T. Blood, D. M. Cheng, W. Ciannelli, L. Matarese, A. C. Sohn, D. Vance, T. C. Vestfals, C. TI Combining field observations and modeling approaches to examine Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) early life ecology in the southeastern Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Flatfish Ecology CY NOV 05-11, 2011 CL Ijmuiden, NETHERLANDS SP Wageningen Univ & Res Ctr, Inst Marine Resources & Ecosyst Studies (IMARES), Minist Econ, Agr & Innovat, Minist Infrastructure & Environm, Wageningen Univ DE Greenland halibut; Larvae; Transport; Bering Sea; Connectivity ID MONTEREY SUBMARINE-CANYON; ATLANTIC; SYSTEM; ALASKA; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC; OCEAN; BASIN; EGGS; GULF AB Spawning in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) occurs along the continental slope and in submarine canyons in the eastern Bering Sea. It is assumed that these bathymetric features and their associated circulation patterns deliver eggs and larvae to suitable nursery habitats over the continental shelf. However, there have been no directed field studies examining spawning areas or transport of Greenland halibut early life stages in the Bering Sea, nor is it known how large-scale oceanographic forcing modulates specific physical mechanisms of delivery. The present study was undertaken to: better define spawning areas of Greenland halibut, examine development and distribution of larvae, and understand the influence of climate variations on interannual patterns of transport, distribution and abundance. Eggs were found in Bering and Pribilof Canyons and over the adjacent slope in February and early March, confirming that spawning occurs in these regions. Larvae were present over the slope, outer shelf and middle shelf in winter and spring, and settled juveniles were collected over the shelf in September. Oceanographic modeling approaches that simulate larval advection from spawning to nursery habitats indicate that depth-discrete variations in transport pathways from submarine canyons to the adjacent shelf contribute to interannual variability in transport trajectories. Overall, our results highlight specific physical mechanisms of delivery that are modulated by large-scale atmospheric and oceanographic forcing, potentially varying the degree of slope-shelf connectivity for Greenland halibut and other slope-spawning species. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Duffy-Anderson, J. T.; Blood, D. M.; Matarese, A. C.; Vance, T. C.] NOAA Fisheries, Recruitment Proc Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cheng, W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Ciannelli, L.; Sohn, D.; Vestfals, C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Duffy-Anderson, JT (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Recruitment Proc Program, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Janet.Duffy-Anderson@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 75 SI SI BP 96 EP 109 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2012.06.014 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 065FQ UT WOS:000313134300012 ER PT J AU Garland, EC Noad, MJ Goldizen, AW Lilley, MS Rekdahl, ML Garrigue, C Constantine, R Hauser, ND Poole, MM Robbins, J AF Garland, Ellen C. Noad, Michael J. Goldizen, Anne W. Lilley, Matthew S. Rekdahl, Melinda L. Garrigue, Claire Constantine, Rochelle Hauser, Nan Daeschler Poole, M. Michael Robbins, Jooke TI Quantifying humpback whale song sequences to understand the dynamics of song exchange at the ocean basin scale SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; BREEDING GROUNDS; BIRD SONG; CLASSIFICATION AB Humpback whales have a continually evolving vocal sexual display, or "song," that appears to undergo both evolutionary and "revolutionary" change. All males within a population adhere to the current content and arrangement of the song. Populations within an ocean basin share similarities in their songs; this sharing is complex as multiple variations of the song (song types) may be present within a region at any one time. To quantitatively investigate the similarity of song types, songs were compared at both the individual singer and population level using the Levenshtein distance technique and cluster analysis. The highly stereotyped sequences of themes from the songs of 211 individuals from populations within the western and central South Pacific region from 1998 through 2008 were grouped together based on the percentage of song similarity, and compared to qualitatively assigned song types. The analysis produced clusters of highly similar songs that agreed with previous qualitative assignments. Each cluster contained songs from multiple populations and years, confirming the eastward spread of song types and their progressive evolution through the study region. Quantifying song similarity and exchange will assist in understanding broader song dynamics and contribute to the use of vocal displays as population identifiers. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4770232] C1 [Garland, Ellen C.; Noad, Michael J.; Rekdahl, Melinda L.] Univ Queensland, Cetacean Ecol & Acoust Lab, Sch Vet Sci, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia. [Goldizen, Anne W.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Lilley, Matthew S.] SecuritEase Int, Petone 5012, New Zealand. [Garrigue, Claire] Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. [Constantine, Rochelle] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Hauser, Nan Daeschler] Cook Isl Whale Res, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Poole, M. Michael] Marine Mammal Res Program, Maharepa 98728, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Robbins, Jooke] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. RP Garland, EC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ellen.garland@noaa.gov RI Noad, Michael/D-7975-2013; Goldizen, Anne/G-7366-2012; Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016; OI Noad, Michael/0000-0002-2799-8320; Goldizen, Anne/0000-0003-0101-4108; Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370; Constantine, Rochelle/0000-0003-3260-539X; Robbins, Jooke/0000-0002-6382-722X FU Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc.; Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts; Winifred Violet Scott Estate; International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW); US Office of Naval Research; Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation; National Oceanic Society (USA); Dolphin & Whale Watching Expeditions (French Polynesia); Vista Press (USA); International Fund for Animal Welfare (via the South Pacific Whale Research Consortium); Tangalooma Marine Education and Research Foundation; Australian Postgraduate awards FX The authors thank Phil Clapham, Vincent Janik, and Rebecca Dunlop for providing valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. A small number of recordings were provided by David Paton (Fiji), David Helweg (Tonga), Paul and Karen Stone (Dive Vava'u, Tonga), and an unknown individual from Niue. The authors thank these individuals for their generous contribution. The study was supported by major grants from the Sea World Research and Rescue Foundation Inc., the Australian Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, and the Winifred Violet Scott Estate to M.J.N. and E.C.G, and from the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW) to the South Pacific Whale Research Consortium (SPWRC). We thank the other members of the Consortium's executive committee (C. Scott Baker, Phil Clapham, Mike Donoghue, and Dave Paton) and executive officers (Simon Childerhouse, Sue Miller Taei, and Debbie Steel). Eastern Australian song collection was funded by the US Office of Naval Research and the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation. For research in American Samoa, we thank David Mattila, the American Samoa Department of Marine and Wildlife Resources, the Fagatele Bay and Hawaiian Islands National Marine Sanctuaries, and the U.S. National Park Service. Research was conducted under NOAA/NMFS Permit No. 774-1714 (held by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center) and the permission of the Government of American Samoa. Surveys of humpback whales in New Caledonia were made possible by contributions from Fondation d'Entreprise Total and Total Pacifique, the Provinces Sud, North and Isles, and Inco S.A. We thank Remi Dodemont, Jacqui Greaves, Dominique Boillon, Veronique Perard, Magaly Chambellant, and all the volunteers that helped in the field. Cook Islands Whale Research (N.D.H.) would like to thank Joan Daeschler, Helen Jordon, the research team, all of the Rarotongan fishermen, and all of N.D.H. children. Research in Tonga was conducted under special scientific permit from the Tongan Ministry of Fisheries and His Majesty the King of Tonga (King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, deceased). Many thanks to all the researchers involved in this work over the years. In French Polynesia, research was conducted under permits issued to M.M.P. by the Ministry of the Environment. Some funding and logistical support was provided by the National Oceanic Society (USA), Dolphin & Whale Watching Expeditions (French Polynesia), Vista Press (USA), and the International Fund for Animal Welfare (via the South Pacific Whale Research Consortium). Additional funding from Tangalooma Marine Education and Research Foundation was provided to M.J.N. and E.C.G., and E.C.G. and M.L.R. were supported by Australian Postgraduate awards. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 59 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 133 IS 1 BP 560 EP 569 DI 10.1121/1.4770232 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 063XF UT WOS:000313034700063 PM 23297927 ER PT J AU Li, L Zhu, CJ Deng, L Huang, GX AF Li, Liang Zhu, Chengjie Deng, L. Huang, Guoxiang TI Electromagnetically induced transparency and nonlinear pulse propagation in an atomic medium confined in a waveguide SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICS AB We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and nonlinear pulse propagation in a resonant atomic gas confined in a microwaveguide. We find that the quantum-interference effect in this system can be greatly enhanced due to the reduction of the mode volume of the optical field. In particular, compared with atomic gases in free space, the EIT transparency window in the present confined system can be much wider and deeper, the group velocity of the probe field can be much slower, and the Kerr nonlinearity of the system can be much stronger. We show that a more efficient production of ultraslow optical solitons in the present system may be achieved with much slower propagating velocity and lower generation power. Features of EIT and pulse propagation in the present system are very promising for practical applications in optical information processing and transmission. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Liang; Zhu, Chengjie; Huang, Guoxiang] E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Li, Liang; Zhu, Chengjie; Huang, Guoxiang] E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. [Deng, L.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, GX (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, State Key Lab Precis Spect, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. EM gxhuang@phy.ecnu.edu.cn FU NSF-China [10874043, 11174080] FX The authors thank Min Xiao for fruitful discussions. This work was supported by NSF-China under Grant Nos. 10874043 and 11174080. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 20 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 30 IS 1 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 060MQ UT WOS:000312782800029 ER PT J AU Cheney, B Thompson, PM Ingram, SN Hammond, PS Stevick, PT Durban, JW Culloch, RM Elwen, SH Mandleberg, L Janik, VM Quick, NJ Islas-Villanueva, V Robinson, KP Costa, M Eisfeld, SM Walters, A Phillips, C Weir, CR Evans, PGH Anderwald, P Reid, RJ Reid, JB Wilson, B AF Cheney, Barbara Thompson, Paul M. Ingram, Simon N. Hammond, Philip S. Stevick, Peter T. Durban, John W. Culloch, Ross M. Elwen, Simon H. Mandleberg, Laura Janik, Vincent M. Quick, Nicola J. Islas-Villanueva, Valentina Robinson, Kevin P. Costa, Marina Eisfeld, Sonja M. Walters, Alice Phillips, Charlie Weir, Caroline R. Evans, Peter G. H. Anderwald, Pia Reid, Robert J. Reid, James B. Wilson, Ben TI Integrating multiple data sources to assess the distribution and abundance of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Scottish waters SO MAMMAL REVIEW LA English DT Review DE cetacean; citizen science; coastal zone management; renewable energy; spatial ecology ID NORTHEAST SCOTLAND; PROTECTED AREAS; COASTAL WATERS; MORAY FIRTH; POPULATION; CETACEANS; CONSERVATION; UK; SIZE; SEA AB The distribution, movements and abundance of highly mobile marine species such as bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus are best studied at large spatial scales, but previous research effort has generally been focused on relatively small areas, occupied by populations with high site fidelity. We aimed to characterize the distribution, movements and abundance of bottlenose dolphins around the coasts of Scotland, exploring how data from multiple sources could be integrated to build a broader-scale picture of their ecology. We reviewed existing historical data, integrated data from ongoing studies and developed new collaborative studies to describe distribution patterns. We adopted a Bayesian multi-site mark-recapture model to estimate abundance of bottlenose dolphins throughout Scottish coastal waters and quantified movements of individuals between study areas. The majority of sightings of bottlenose dolphins around the Scottish coastline are concentrated on the east and west coasts, but records are rare before the 1990s. Dedicated photo-identification studies in 2006 and 2007 were used to estimate the size of two resident populations: one on the east coast from the Moray Firth to Fife, population estimate 195 [95% highest posterior density intervals (HPDI): 162253] and the second in the Hebrides, population estimate 45 (95% HPDI: 3366). Interaction parameters demonstrated that the dolphins off the east coast of Scotland are highly mobile, whereas those off the west coast form two discrete communities. We provide the first comprehensive assessment of the abundance of bottlenose dolphins in the inshore waters of Scotland. The combination of dedicated photo-identification studies and opportunistic sightings suggest that a relatively small number of bottlenose dolphins (200300 individuals) occur regularly in Scottish coastal waters. On both east and west coasts, re-sightings of identifiable individuals indicate that the animals have been using these coastal areas since studies began. C1 [Cheney, Barbara; Thompson, Paul M.; Ingram, Simon N.; Elwen, Simon H.] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Scotland. [Hammond, Philip S.; Janik, Vincent M.; Quick, Nicola J.; Islas-Villanueva, Valentina] Univ St Andrews, Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Stevick, Peter T.; Mandleberg, Laura] Hebridean Whale & Dolphin Trust, Isle Of Mull PA75 6NU, Argyll, Scotland. [Durban, John W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Culloch, Ross M.; Wilson, Ben] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Dunstaffnage Marine Lab, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Robinson, Kevin P.; Costa, Marina; Eisfeld, Sonja M.] Cetacean Res & Rescue Unit, Banff AB45 3WB, Scotland. [Walters, Alice; Phillips, Charlie] WDCS Wildlife Ctr, Whale & Dolphin Conservat Soc, Spey Bay IV32 7PJ, Moray, Scotland. [Weir, Caroline R.] Ketos Ecol, Aberdeen AB24 1WS, Scotland. [Evans, Peter G. H.; Anderwald, Pia] Sea Watch Fdn, Amlwch LL68 9SD, Isle Of Anglese, Wales. [Reid, Robert J.] SAC Vet Serv, Wildlife Unit, Inverness IV2 4JZ, Scotland. [Reid, James B.] Joint Nat Conservat Comm, Aberdeen AB11 9QA, Scotland. RP Cheney, B (reprint author), Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Scotland. EM b.cheney@abdn.ac.uk; lighthouse@abdn.ac.uk; simon.ingram@plymouth.ac.uk; psh2@st-andrews.ac.uk; ptstevick@gmail.com; john.durban@noaa.gov; ross.culloch@durham.ac.uk; simon.elwen@gmail.com; sightings@hwdt.org; vj@st-andrews.ac.uk; njq@smru.co.uk; iv22@st-andrews.ac.uk; kev.robinson@crru.org.uk; marina.costa@crru.org.uk; sonja.eisfeld@crru.org.uk; alice.walters@wdcs.org; charlie.phillips@wdcs.org; caroline.weir@ketosecology.co.uk; peter.evans@bangor.ac.uk; p.anderwald@ucc.ie; bob.reid@sac.co.uk; jim.reid@jncc.gov.uk; ben.wilson@sams.ac.uk RI Thompson, Paul /B-6742-2009 OI Thompson, Paul /0000-0001-6195-3284 FU Scottish Natural Heritage; Scottish Government; Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society; Talisman Energy (UK) Ltd; Earth-watch Europe; Chevron; European Union; Natural Environment Research Council; Royal Society; Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin; Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT) FX This project depended upon collaboration with a range of different organizations, and we thank all our colleagues who have contributed to the challenging field work required to collect the data. The success of field work on the remoter coasts of Scotland was also dependent upon input from members of the public living, working and taking holidays in these areas. We are indebted to all those who responded to the call for information, and particularly thank those who contributed photographs that could be used for photo-identification. The information coming from these contributions surpassed all our expectations. The core project was funded jointly by Scottish Natural Heritage and the Scottish Government, and we thank Elaine Tait, Louise Cunningham, Karen Hall, Fiona Manson, Katie Gillham, Sam Kelly, Evanthia Karpouzli and Ian Walker, who supported this project through its steering group. Many aspects of the project have also benefited from close integration with related studies that have been funded from a variety of sources. In particular, we thank the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society, Talisman Energy (UK) Ltd, Earth-watch Europe, Chevron, the European Union and the Natural Environment Research Council for additional support. We would also like to thank the South Grampian group of the Sea Watch Foundation and everyone who contributed to the Aberdeen Cetacean Catalogue. We thank JNCC, the public body that advises the UK Government and devolved administrations on UK-wide and international nature conservation. The St Andrews Bay efforts were funded by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship, a fellowship of the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin and studentships from the Natural Environment Research Council and the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT). NR 84 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 99 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-1838 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 43 IS 1 BP 71 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2011.00208.x PG 18 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 058TF UT WOS:000312656300006 ER PT J AU Snover, ML Balazs, GH Murakawa, SKK Hargrove, SK Rice, MR Seitz, WA AF Snover, Melissa L. Balazs, George H. Murakawa, Shawn K. K. Hargrove, Stacy K. Rice, Marc R. Seitz, William A. TI Age and growth rates of Hawaiian hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) using skeletochronology SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ANNUAL SKELETAL MARKS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; CARETTA-CARETTA; SOMATIC GROWTH; FEEDING GROUNDS; GREEN TURTLES; VALIDATION; ISLANDS AB The Hawaiian hawksbill population has fewer than 20 females nesting per year; hence, there is a need to monitor this population closely and basic biological information on individual growth and age to maturity is critical. We present a skeletochronology analysis of Hawaiian hawksbills using humeri recovered from 30 dead stranded hawksbills, plus 10 dead hatchlings. Growth mark morphology shows readily distinguishable marks similar in appearance to other species, though some animals displayed more diffuse marks. Growth rates remained high (average 2.24-4.77 cm year(-1)) from 20 to 80 cm straight carapace length (SCL). Hawksbills larger than 80 cm SCL had average growth rates of 0.3 cm year(-1). There were few adult turtles in the sample; however, results indicate hawksbills have faster growth rates than loggerhead or green turtles, with probable average age to maturity (at size 78.6 cm SCL) occurring between 17 and 22 years. C1 [Snover, Melissa L.; Balazs, George H.; Murakawa, Shawn K. K.; Hargrove, Stacy K.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Rice, Marc R.] Hawaii Preparatory Acad, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Seitz, William A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Isl Hawksbill Turtle Recovery Project, Pacific Cooperat Studies Unit, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. [Seitz, William A.] Hawaii Volcanoes Natl Pk, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Snover, ML (reprint author), Denali Natl Pk & Preserve, POB 9,Milepost 237,George Pk Highway, Denali Natl Pk, AK 99755 USA. EM melissa_snover@nps.gov NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 48 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 160 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-2058-7 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064CD UT WOS:000313047600004 ER PT J AU Lander, ME Fritz, LW Johnson, DS Logsdon, MG AF Lander, Michelle E. Fritz, Lowell W. Johnson, Devin S. Logsdon, Miles G. TI Population trends of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) with respect to remote sensing measures of chlorophyll-a in critical habitat SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; BERING-SEA; NORTH PACIFIC; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; ATKA MACKEREL; PLEUROGRAMMUS-MONOPTERYGIUS; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AB The recovery plan for Steller sea lions (SSL; Eumetopias jubatus) suggests critical habitat should be enhanced to incorporate the spatio-temporal variation in dynamic oceanographic features that influence the prey and survival of SSL. It is necessary, therefore, to determine which features affect SSL. Demographics for sub-regions of the endangered, western stock of SSL were examined with respect to corresponding average, maximum, and variance of chlorophyll-a data (SeaWIFS), a proxy for primary productivity. Overall, SSL trends (2000-2008) and pup productivity (1999-2009) were related to maximum values of chl-a in critical habitat. Additionally, conditions in critical habitat appeared worse in areas of decline (i.e., dispersed patterns of chl-a hotspots and greater distances from SSL sites to productive areas). Although there may be a low feasibility of mitigating the effects of dynamic features on the recovery of SSL, the interactive effects of primary productivity and other stressors should be investigated for safeguarding their prey. C1 [Lander, Michelle E.; Fritz, Lowell W.; Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Logsdon, Miles G.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lander, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michelle.lander@noaa.gov NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 160 IS 1 BP 195 EP 209 DI 10.1007/s00227-012-2077-4 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 064CD UT WOS:000313047600017 ER PT J AU Portnoy, DS Hollenbeck, CM Renshaw, MA Cummings, NJ Gold, JR AF Portnoy, D. S. Hollenbeck, C. M. Renshaw, M. A. Cummings, N. J. Gold, J. R. TI Does mating behaviour affect connectivity in marine fishes? Comparative population genetics of two protogynous groupers (Family Serranidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene flow; groupers; pelagic larval duration; protogyny; reproductive behaviour ID CORAL-REEF FISH; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; RED HIND GROUPER; GULF-OF-MEXICO; EPINEPHELUS-GUTTATUS; SPAWNING AGGREGATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MICROSATELLITE DATA; LARVAL DURATION AB Pelagic larval duration (PLD) has been hypothesized to be the primary predictor of connectivity in marine fishes; however, few studies have examined the effects that adult reproductive behaviour may have on realized dispersal. We assessed gene flow (connectivity) by documenting variation in microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA sequences in two protogynous species of groupers, the aggregate spawning red hind, Epinephelus guttatus, and the single-male, harem-spawning coney, Cephalopholis fulva, to ask whether reproductive strategy affects connectivity. Samples of both species were obtained from waters off three islands (Puerto Rico, St. Thomas and St. Croix) in the Caribbean Sea. Despite the notion that aggregate spawning of red hind may facilitate larval retention, stronger signals of population structure were detected in the harem-spawning coney. Heterogeneity and/or inferred barriers, based on microsatellites, involved St. Croix (red hind and coney) and the west coast of Puerto Rico (coney). Heterogeneity and/or inferred barriers, based on mitochondrial DNA, involved St. Croix (coney only). Genetic divergence in both species was stronger for microsatellites than for mitochondrial DNA, suggesting sex-biased dispersal in both species. Long-term migration rates, based on microsatellites, indicated asymmetric gene flow for both species in the same direction as mean surface currents in the region. Red hind had higher levels of variation in microsatellites and lower levels of variation in mitochondrial DNA. Long-term effective size and effective number of breeders were greater for red hind; estimates of ?f, a proxy for long-term effective female size, were the same in both species. Patterns of gene flow in both species appear to stem in part from shared aspects of larval and adult biology, local bathymetry and surface current patterns. Differences in connectivity and levels of genetic variation between the species, however, likely stem from differences in behaviour related to reproductive strategy. C1 [Portnoy, D. S.; Hollenbeck, C. M.; Renshaw, M. A.; Gold, J. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Cummings, N. J.] NOAA Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Portnoy, DS (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Biosystemat & Biodivers, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM dsport@tamu.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08NMF4540400]; Texas AgriLife Research [H-6703] FX The authors thank the following individuals for their invaluable assistance in obtaining samples for this study: L. Anibal, J. Leon, H. Lopez, D. Matos-Caraballo and A. Rosario of the of Department of Natural and Environmental Resources Fisheries Research Laboratory in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico; D. Olsen of the St. Thomas Fisherman's Association, H. Rivera and W. Tobias of the USVI Division of Fish and Wildlife; and R. Nemeth of the University of the Virgin Islands. We also thank Dr. J. A. H. Benzie and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Work was supported by the Cooperative Research Program (CRP) of the National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce (NA08NMF4540400) and by Texas AgriLife Research (Project H-6703). Maps were generated with help from the Map and GIS Collections and Services at the Texas A&M University Libraries. State boundaries, coastline and bathymetry data are from Tobin Global Planner; data for rivers are from ESRI Data and Maps 9.3/Arc-World. Views expressed in the article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect views of the sponsors. This article is numbered 91 in the series 'Genetic Studies in Marine Fishes' and Contribution Number 218 of the Center for Biosystematics and Biodiversity at Texas A&M University. NR 89 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 22 IS 2 BP 301 EP 313 DI 10.1111/mec.12128 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 063KI UT WOS:000312996600004 PM 23189927 ER PT J AU Lo, SZA Kumar, G Murphy, TE Heilweil, EJ AF Lo, Shu-Zee A. Kumar, Gagan Murphy, Thomas E. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Application of nanoporous silicon substrates for terahertz spectroscopy SO OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; TIME-DOMAIN SPECTRA; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; SALICYLIC-ACID; GLYCINE; DICYANOBENZENES; CRYSTALS; MOLECULE; GROWTH AB Mid to far-infrared (terahertz) spectroscopy is a valuable tool for probing and characterizing macromolecular structures and motions of complex molecules, including low frequency vibrational and phonon modes in condensed phases. We describe here an improved and readily implemented method for performing terahertz spectroscopic measurements by using a nanoporous silicon substrate to capture and concentrate the substance to be analyzed. We compare the results to conventional sampling methods, including dissolution and crystallization on a flat silicon surface and dispersing crystallites in compressed polyethylene pellets, and show that the use of a transparent, nanoporous substrate provides both increased sensitivity and yields sharper spectral features than conventional solid-state sampling approaches. FTIR measurements are reported over the spectral range from 50-2000 cm(-1) (1.5-60 THz), for salicylic acid, dicyanobenzene, glycine, and aspartame. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Lo, Shu-Zee A.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Kumar, Gagan; Murphy, Thomas E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Lo, SZA (reprint author), NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM tem@umd.edu RI Kumar, Gagan/E-3140-2013; Murphy, Thomas/H-2199-2011 OI Kumar, Gagan/0000-0001-5867-0670; Murphy, Thomas/0000-0002-8286-3832 FU NIST [70NANB12H009]; NSF CBET [0932673]; Office of Naval Research through the University of Maryland Center for Applied Electromagnetics [N000140911190] FX This work was partially supported by NIST financial assistance award number 70NANB12H009, NSF CBET award 0932673, and the Office of Naval Research, through the University of Maryland Center for Applied Electromagnetics (Grant No. N000140911190). The authors also thank Dr. Zeeshan Ahmed for his advice on sample preparation. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2159-3930 J9 OPT MATER EXPRESS JI Opt. Mater. Express PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 114 EP 125 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA 059KN UT WOS:000312704100012 ER PT J AU Eisner, L Hillgruber, N Martinson, E Maselko, J AF Eisner, Lisa Hillgruber, Nicola Martinson, Ellen Maselko, Jacek TI Pelagic fish and zooplankton species assemblages in relation to water mass characteristics in the northern Bering and southeast Chukchi seas SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Bering Sea; Chukchi Sea; Community composition; Water mass characteristics; Zooplankton distribution; Polar cod; Pelagic fish ID COD BOREOGADUS-SAIDA; STAFF BEAM TRAWL; ARCTIC COD; BEAUFORT SEA; ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES; COASTAL WATERS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FOOD WEBS; DEMERSAL; SUMMER AB This research explores the distributions and community composition of pelagic species in the sub-Arctic and Arctic waters of the northern Bering and central and southern Chukchi seas during September 2007 by linking pelagic zooplankton and fish assemblages to water masses. Juvenile saffron cod (Eleginus gracilis), polar cod (Boreogadus saida), and shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) were most abundant in warm, low salinity Alaska Coastal Water (ACW) of the central Chukchi Sea, characterized by low chlorophyll, low nutrients, and small zooplankton taxa. Adult Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) were more abundant in the less stratified Bering Strait waters and in the colder, saltier Bering Shelf Water of the northern Bering and southern Chukchi seas, characterized by high chlorophyll, high nutrients, and larger zooplankton taxa. Juvenile pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum (O. keta) salmon were most abundant in the less stratified ACW in the central Chukchi Sea and Bering Strait. Abundances of large zooplankton were dominated by copepods (Eucalanus bungii, Calanus glacialis/marshallae, Metridia pacifica) followed by euphausiids (juvenile Thysanoessa raschii and unidentified taxa), whereas small zooplankton were dominated by bivalve larvae and copepods (Centropages abdominalis, Oithona similis, Pseudocalanus sp.). Pelagic community composition was related to environmental factors, with highest correlations between bottom salinity and large zooplankton taxa, and latitude and fish species. These data were collected in a year with strong northward retreat of summer sea ice and therefore provide a baseline for assessing the effects of future climate warming on pelagic ecosystems in sub-Arctic and Arctic regions. C1 [Eisner, Lisa; Martinson, Ellen; Maselko, Jacek] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK USA. [Hillgruber, Nicola] Thunen Inst, Inst Fisheries Ecol, D-22926 Ahrensburg, Germany. RP Eisner, L (reprint author), NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Ted Stevens Marine Res, 17109 Pt Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM lisa.eisner@noaa.gov FU Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-Initiative; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment program scientists Alex Andrews, Kristin Cieciel, Ed Farley, Jeanette Gann, Jennifer Lanksbury, Jim Murphy, and Bruce Wing, Fisheries Oceanography Coordinated Investigations program scientist Morgan Busby, TINRO Center Vladivostok scientist Anatoly Volkov, and student volunteers Lauren Kuehne and Jenefer Bell for collecting and processing BASIS fisheries and oceanography data. We are grateful to the captain and crew of the NOAA ship R/V Oscar Dyson for their assistance during our field sampling. Funding was provided by the Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim-Sustainable-Salmon-Initiative, and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. We also thank Mike Sigler and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions for the improvements of this manuscript. Any mention of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not reflect endorsement by the US government. NR 63 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 6 U2 87 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 36 IS 1 BP 87 EP 113 DI 10.1007/s00300-012-1241-0 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 059TZ UT WOS:000312729700008 ER PT J AU Sheen, DA Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W AF Sheen, David A. Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing TI Kinetics of H atom attack on unsaturated hydrocarbons using spectral uncertainty propagation and minimization techniques SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Combustion kinetics; Modeling; Uncertainty analysis; Unsaturated hydrocarbons; Pyrolysis ID BAYESIAN PROBABILISTIC APPROACH; SHOCK-TUBE; UPDATING MODELS; DECOMPOSITION; OPTIMIZATION; COMBUSTION; ISOMERIZATION; MECHANISM; METHANE; PROPENE AB Unsaturated hydrocarbons are an important component of hydrocarbon fuels and intermediates in their oxidation. Under rich conditions, H atom attack is one of the principal pathways of the decomposition of these unsaturated compounds. Consequently, it is critical to understand the H atom attack mechanisms as part of chemical model development. Previous studies have examined the kinetics of H atom attack on various unsaturated hydrocarbons in single pulse shock-tubes. These studies have noted that there are multiple pathways by which H atom attack can proceed, so it is straightforward to measure relative rates but absolute rates are more difficult to estimate. In addition, there is a confounding influence from secondary chemistry. A multiparameter optimization and uncertainty minimization technique is used to constrain a chemical model for the oxidation of H-2/CO/C-1-C-4 hydrocarbons against a range of measurements of the H atom attack process on toluene, trimethylbenzene (TMB), propyne, and propene. The recommended rate constant expressions, with 2 sigma uncertainties, are as follows: k(CH4 + H <-> CH3 + H-2)= 10(8.81 +/- 0.21) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) (KT1.6)-T-1.6 exp(-5400 +/- 500 K/T) k(C2H2 + CH3 <-> p - C3H4 + H) = 10(11.17 +/- 0.18) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) (KT0.6)-T-0.6 exp(-7200 +/- 400 K/T) k(p-C3H4 + H <-> a - C3H4 + H) = 10(18.20 +/- 0.21) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) KT-1 exp(-6100 +/- 500 K/T) k(C3H6 + H <-> C2H4 + CH3) = 10(24.80 +/- 0.20) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) (KT-3)-T-3 exp(-7400 +/- 700 K/T) k(C3H6 + H a-C3H5 + H-2) = 10(5.14 +/- 0.19) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) (K-2.5T2.5) exp(-1300 +/- 200 K/T) k(C6H5CH3 + H <-> C6H6 + CH3) = 10(6.23 +/- 0.19) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) (K-2.2T2. 2) exp(-2000 +/- 400 K/T) k(C6H5CH3 + H <-> C6H5CH2 + H-2) = 10(14.17 +/- 0.25) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) exp(-4500 +/- 500 K/T) k(TMB + H <-> m-xylene + CH3) = 10(14.07 +/- 0.18) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) exp(-3900 +/- 400 K/T) k(TMB + H <-> (CH3)(2)) - 10(14.52 +/- 0.25) s(-1) cm(3) mol(-1) exp(-4300 +/- 600 K/T) In addition, we quantify the effect of secondary chemistry on these rate estimates and the contribution to their uncertainty. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the detailed measurements constrain the model's predictions of global properties such as ignition delay time in propene oxidation. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Sheen, David A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Sheen, David A.; Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sheen, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.sheen@nist.gov RI Sheen, David/A-9394-2011 OI Sheen, David/0000-0003-1958-1848 NR 31 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 527 EP 536 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.06.062 PN 1 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065CN UT WOS:000313125400046 ER PT J AU Manion, JA Awan, IA AF Manion, Jeffrey A. Awan, Iftikhar A. TI The decomposition of 2-pentyl and 3-pentyl radicals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE 2-Pentyl; 3-Pentyl; Kinetics; H-atoms; (E)-2-pentene ID VIBRATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; SHOCK-TUBE; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; ATOM ATTACK; ISOMERIZATION; HYDROCARBONS; PATHWAYS; ALKYL AB The isomerization and decomposition reactions of 2-pentyl and 3-pentyl radicals have been studied in a single-pulse shock tube over a temperature range of 973-1121 K and pressures of 120-800 kPa. The results represent the first direct study of the alkene product branching ratio resulting from the kinetics of the competition between isomerization and beta C-C bond scission for a secondary straight-chain alkyl radical at high temperatures. Such species are representative of intermediates important in the combustion of typical hydrocarbon fuels. In the present work, a small quantity of precursor (similar to 45 mu L/L) is used to thermally generate H atoms in the presence of excess (E)-2-pentene, leading to the radicals of interest via addition of H to the double bond. Decomposition of the chemically activated pentyl radicals results in the stable olefin products ethene, propene, and 1-butene, which are detected in postshock gas chromatographic analyses utilizing flame-ionization and mass-spectrometric detection. It is shown that the olefin product ratios can be related to the isomerization and decomposition reactions of the 2-pentyl and 3-pentyl radicals and the results are consistent with the existence of distinct non-overlapping cracking patterns for the two radicals. The data are compared with predictions made on the basis of a model developed from experiments on the decomposition of thermal (i e. not chemically activated) 1-pentyl radicals. Good agreement is observed. In conjunction with an RRKM/Master Equation analysis, the results for 2-pentyl and 3-pentyl radicals are projected over a wide range of temperatures. In addition, the rate constants for addition of H atoms to the alternate double bond positions of (E)-2-pentene are derived relative to a standard reaction and absolute rate constants for these processes are reported. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Manion, Jeffrey A.; Awan, Iftikhar A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manion, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2013 VL 34 BP 537 EP 545 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2012.05.078 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 065CN UT WOS:000313125400047 ER PT J AU Steiner, R AF Steiner, Richard TI History and progress on accurate measurements of the Planck constant SO REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID WATT BALANCE EXPERIMENT; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; JOSEPHSON VOLTAGE STANDARD; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; UPDATED EDLEN EQUATION; AVOGADRO CONSTANT; ABSOLUTE AMPERE; SI UNITS AB The measurement of the Planck constant, h, is entering a new phase. The CODATA 2010 recommended value is 6.626 069 57 x 10(-34) J s, but it has been a long road, and the trip is not over yet. Since its discovery as a fundamental physical constant to explain various effects in quantum theory, h has become especially important in defining standards for electrical measurements and soon, for mass determination. Measuring h in the International System of Units (SI) started as experimental attempts merely to prove its existence. Many decades passed while newer experiments measured physical effects that were the influence of h combined with other physical constants: elementary charge, e, and the Avogadro constant, N-A. As experimental techniques improved, the precision of the value of h expanded. When the Josephson and quantum Hall theories led to new electronic devices, and a hundred year old experiment, the absolute ampere, was altered into a watt balance, h not only became vital in definitions for the volt and ohm units, but suddenly it could be measured directly and even more accurately. Finally, as measurement uncertainties now approach a few parts in 10(8) from the watt balance experiments and Avogadro determinations, its importance has been linked to a proposed redefinition of a kilogram unit of mass. The path to higher accuracy in measuring the value of h was not always an example of continuous progress. Since new measurements periodically led to changes in its accepted value and the corresponding SI units, it is helpful to see why there were bumps in the road and where the different branch lines of research joined in the effort. Recalling the bumps along this road will hopefully avoid their repetition in the upcoming SI redefinition debates. This paper begins with a brief history of the methods to measure a combination of fundamental constants, thus indirectly obtaining the Planck constant. The historical path is followed in the section describing how the improved techniques and discoveries in quantum mechanics steadily reduced the uncertainty of h. The central part of this review describes the technical details of the watt balance technique, which is a combination of the mechanical and electronic measurements that now determine h as a direct result, i.e. not requiring measured values of additional fundamental constants. The first technical section describes the basics and some of the common details of many watt balance designs. Next is a review of the ongoing advances at the (currently) seven national metrology institutions where these experiments are pursued. A final summary of the recent h determinations of the last two decades shows how history keeps repeating itself; there is again a question of whether there is a shift in the newest results, albeit at uncertainties that are many orders of magnitude less than the original experiments. The conclusion is that there is room for further development to resolve these differences and find new ideas for a watt balance system with a more universal application. Since the next generation of watt balance experiments are expected to become kilogram realization standards, the historical record suggests that there is yet a need for proof that Planck constant results are finally reproducible at an acceptable uncertainty. C1 [Steiner, Richard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steiner, R (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Measurement Div, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 198 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 50 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0034-4885 J9 REP PROG PHYS JI Rep. Prog. Phys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 76 IS 1 AR 016101 DI 10.1088/0034-4885/76/1/016101 PG 46 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 057WB UT WOS:000312593700002 PM 23249618 ER PT J AU Klokocnik, J Gooding, RH Wagner, CA Kostelecky, J Bezdek, A AF Klokocnik, J. Gooding, R. H. Wagner, C. A. Kostelecky, J. Bezdek, A. TI The Use of Resonant Orbits in Satellite Geodesy: A Review SO SURVEYS IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review DE Satellite geodesy; Earth's gravitational field; Geopotential; Orbits of Earth's artificial satellites; Resonance (commensurability); Lumped geopotential coefficients; Fine orbit tuning; Planetary orbiters ID LONGITUDE-DEPENDENT GRAVITY; INCLINATION VARIATIONS; HARMONIC COEFFICIENTS; 15TH-ORDER RESONANCE; PLANETARY ORBITERS; FIELD; ACCURACY; GRACE; RECOVERY; MODEL AB Dynamic resonance, arising from commensurate (orbital or rotational) periods of satellites or planets with each other, has been a strong force in the development of the solar system. The repetition of conditions over the commensurate periods can result in amplified long-term changes in the positions of the bodies involved. Such resonant phenomena driven by the commensurability between the mean motion of certain artificial Earth satellites and the Earth's rotation originally contributed to the evaluation and assessment of the Stokes parameters (harmonic geopotential coefficients) that specify the Earth's gravitational field. The technique constrains linear combinations of the harmonic coefficients that are of relevant resonant order (lumped coefficients). The attraction of the method eventually dwindled, but the very accurate orbits of CHAMP and GRACE have recently led to more general insights for commensurate orbits applied to satellite geodesy involving the best resolution for all coefficients, not just resonant ones. From the GRACE mission, we learnt how to explain and predict temporary decreases in the resolution and accuracy of derived geopotential parameters, due to passages through low-order commensurabilities, which lead to low-density ground-track patterns. For GOCE we suggest how to change a repeat orbit height slightly, to achieve the best feasible recovery of the field parameters derived from on-board gradiometric measurements by direct inversion from the measurements to the harmonic geopotential coefficients, not by the way of lumped coefficients. For orbiters of Mars, we have suggestions which orbits should be avoided. The slow rotation of Venus results in dense ground-tracks and excellent gravitational recovery for almost all orbiters. C1 [Klokocnik, J.; Bezdek, A.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Gooding, R. H.] Surrey Space Ctr, Guildford, Surrey, England. [Wagner, C. A.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kostelecky, J.] Res Inst Geodesy Topog & Cartog, Zdiby 25066 98, Czech Republic. [Kostelecky, J.] Czech Tech Univ, Dept Adv Geodesy, Prague 16629 6, Czech Republic. RP Klokocnik, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Astron, CS-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM jklokocn@asu.cas.cz; family.gooding@virgin.net; carl.wagner2@verizon.net; kost@fsv.cvut.cz; bezdek@asu.cas.cz RI Bezdek, Ales/F-8952-2014; Klokocnik, Jaroslav/G-9025-2014 OI Bezdek, Ales/0000-0003-2790-2664; FU ESA (European Space Agency) PECS C [98056] FX This work has been supported by grant of ESA (European Space Agency) PECS C 98056. We are grateful to anonymous reviewers for a substantial improvement of our manuscript. NR 94 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-3298 EI 1573-0956 J9 SURV GEOPHYS JI Surv. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 43 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s10712-012-9200-4 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 059UM UT WOS:000312731000002 ER PT J AU Lahiri, B McMeekin, SG De la Rue, RM Johnson, NP AF Lahiri, Basudev McMeekin, Scott G. De la Rue, Richard M. Johnson, Nigel P. BE Rahman, F TI Nanoscale Split Ring Resonator-Based Metamaterials: Fabrication Techniques, Properties, and Applications SO VISTAS IN NANOFABRICATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OPTICAL FREQUENCIES; NEGATIVE REFRACTION; WAVELENGTHS; MAGNETISM AB Metamaterials are artificial materials that are known to produce extraordinary electromagnetic responses due to their constituent artificially-engineered micro- or nanostructures with dimensions smaller than that of the wavelength of light. The Split Ring Resonator (SRR) is one such nanostructure that forms the basic unit of a metamaterial. Since the dimensions of the SRRs are required to be smaller than the resonance wavelength, their fabrication becomes critical when a response is required at near infrared and optical wavelengths. In this chapter, the various properties of nanoscale SRRs are studied that resonate in the infrared and visible spectrum. The SRRs discussed in this chapter are made of aluminium (Al) and gold (Au) and have been fabricated on silicon and silica substrates using electron beam lithography (EBL) nanofabrication techniques. It is shown that, by using aluminium-based SRRs instead of gold ones, the magnetic resonance of SRRs can be shifted well into the visible spectrum. Finally, it is shown that, by adding asymmetry to similar sized geometrical structures such as doubly-split SRRs, it is possible to produce a steeper resonance response, thereby increasing the quality factor of the SRRs. This steep response of asymmetric split ring resonators (A-SRRs) is utilized for the optical detection of very thin films of organic compounds. C1 [Lahiri, Basudev; De la Rue, Richard M.; Johnson, Nigel P.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Engn, Optoelect Res Grp, Glasgow G12 8LT, Lanark, Scotland. [McMeekin, Scott G.] Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Sch Engn & Comp, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland. RP Lahiri, B (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM basudev.lahiri@nist.gov RI De La Rue, Richard/A-8202-2012; Lahiri, Basudev/I-5554-2016 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU PAN STANFORD PUBLISHING PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PENTHOUSE LEVEL, SUNTEC TOWER 3, 8 TEMASEK BLVD, SINGAPORE, 038988, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4364-57-7 PY 2013 BP 49 EP 74 PG 26 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BDD30 UT WOS:000312771400004 ER PT J AU Wang, XC Liu, YM Wu, GX Lin, SJ Bao, Q AF Wang Xiaocong Liu Yimin Wu Guoxiong Lin, Shian-Jiann Bao Qing TI The application of flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport scheme in a spectral atmosphere model SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE advection; precipitation; spectral composite method; flux-form semi-Lagrangian; Spectral Atmospheric Model of the IAP/LASG (SAMIL) ID CONSERVATIVE DIFFERENCE SCHEME; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ADVECTION TRANSPORT; INTEGRATION SCHEME; MULTIPLY-UPSTREAM; PERFORMANCE; PARAMETERIZATION; REANALYSIS; EQUATIONS; ACCURACY AB A flux-form semi-Lagrangian transport scheme (FFSL) was implemented in a spectral atmospheric GCM developed and used at IAP/LASG. Idealized numerical experiments show that the scheme is good at shape preserving with less dissipation and dispersion, in comparison with other conventional schemes. Importantly, FFSL can automatically maintain the positive definition of the transported tracers, which was an underlying problem in the previous spectral composite method (SCM). To comprehensively investigate the impact of FFSL on GCM results, we conducted sensitive experiments. Three main improvements resulted: first, rainfall simulation in both distribution and intensity was notably improved, which led to an improvement in precipitation frequency. Second, the dry bias in the lower troposphere was significantly reduced compared with SCM simulations. Third, according to the Taylor diagram, the FFSL scheme yields simulations that are superior to those using the SCM: a higher correlation between model output and observation data was achieved with the FFSL scheme, especially for humidity in lower troposphere. However, the moist bias in the middle and upper troposphere was more pronounced with the FFSL scheme. This bias led to an over-simulation of precipitable water in comparison with reanalysis data. Possible explanations, as well as solutions, are discussed herein. C1 [Wang Xiaocong; Liu Yimin; Wu Guoxiong; Bao Qing] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Wang Xiaocong] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Lin, Shian-Jiann] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Liu, YM (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM lym@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Bao, Qing/A-7765-2012; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU Chinese Academy of Science Strategic Priority Research Program [XDA 05110303]; "973" Program [2010CB950403, 2012CB417203, 2013CB955803]; "863" Program [2010AA012305]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40925015, 40875034, 41023002] FX This study was jointly supported by the Chinese Academy of Science Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant No. XDA 05110303), "973" Program (Grant Nos. 2010CB950403, 2012CB417203, and 2013CB955803), "863" Program (Grant No. 2010AA012305), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40925015, 40875034, and 41023002). NR 42 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 7 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 30 IS 1 BP 89 EP 100 DI 10.1007/s00376-012-2039-2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058LY UT WOS:000312636500010 ER PT J AU Stahl, RG Hooper, MJ Balbus, JM Clements, W Fritz, A Gouin, T Helm, R Hickey, C Landis, W Moe, SJ AF Stahl, Ralph G., Jr. Hooper, Michael J. Balbus, John M. Clements, William Fritz, Alyce Gouin, Todd Helm, Roger Hickey, Christopher Landis, Wayne Moe, S. Jannicke TI The influence of global climate change on the scientific foundations and applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Introduction to a SETAC international workshop SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Global climate change; Chemical contaminant; SETAC Workshop; Risk assessment; Interaction ID ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; CHEMICAL-EXPOSURE; CONTAMINANTS; FRAMEWORK; MANAGEMENT; DEPOSITION; INCREASES; TRANSPORT; SCIENCE AB This is the first of seven papers resulting from a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) international workshop titled The Influence of Global Climate Change on the Scientific Foundations and Applications of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. The workshop involved 36 scientists from 11 countries and was designed to answer the following question: How will global climate change influence the environmental impacts of chemicals and other stressors and the way we assess and manage them in the environment? While more detail is found in the complete series of articles, some key consensus points are as follows: (1) human actions (including mitigation of and adaptation to impacts of global climate change [GCC]) may have as much influence on the fate and distribution of chemical contaminants as does GCC, and modeled predictions should be interpreted cautiously; (2) climate change can affect the toxicity of chemicals, but chemicals can also affect how organisms acclimate to climate change; (3) effects of GCC may be slow, variable, and difficult to detect, though some populations and communities of high vulnerability may exhibit responses sooner and more dramatically than others; (4) future approaches to human and ecological risk assessments will need to incorporate multiple stressors and cumulative risks considering the wide spectrum of potential impacts stemming from GCC; and (5) baseline/reference conditions for estimating resource injury and restoration/rehabilitation will continually shift due to GCC and represent significant challenges to practitioners. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:1319. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Stahl, Ralph G., Jr.] DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. [Hooper, Michael J.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO USA. [Clements, William] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Balbus, John M.] NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fritz, Alyce] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. [Gouin, Todd] Unilever, Sharnbrook, Beds, England. [Helm, Roger] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Arlington, VA USA. [Hickey, Christopher] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Landis, Wayne] Western Washington Univ, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Moe, S. Jannicke] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Oslo, Norway. RP Stahl, RG (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Wilmington, DE USA. EM Ralph.g.stahl-jr@usa.dupont.com RI Hickey, Christopher/E-9931-2013; OI Moe, Jannicke/0000-0002-3681-3551; Hooper, Michael/0000-0002-4161-8961 NR 74 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1002/etc.2037 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700005 PM 23097130 ER PT J AU Rohr, JR Johnson, P Hickey, CW Helm, RC Fritz, A Brasfield, S AF Rohr, Jason R. Johnson, Philip Hickey, Christopher W. Helm, Roger C. Fritz, Alyce Brasfield, Sandra TI Implications of global climate change for natural resource damage assessment, restoration, and rehabilitation SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Contaminant; Baseline; Hazard assessment; Environmental policy; Tipping point ID ASSISTED COLONIZATION; CONTAMINANTS; IMPACTS; DISEASE; FOREST; MANAGEMENT; RESPONSES; DECLINES AB Various international and national regulations hold polluters liable for the cleanup of released hazardous substances and the restoration/rehabilitation of natural resources to preincident baseline conditions, a process often referred to as natural resource damage assessment and restoration (NRDAR). Here, we, the authors, describe how global climate change (GCC) will challenge each of the steps of NRDAR processes and offer eight recommendations to improve these processes in light of GCC. First, we call for a better understanding of the net effects of GCC and contaminants on natural resources. Second, we urge facilities and environmental managers to plan for GCC-related factors that are expected to increase the probability of contaminant releases. Third, we suggest re-evaluating definitions of baseline and reference conditions given that GCC will alter both their trajectories and variability. Fourth, we encourage long-term monitoring to improve the quantification of baseline conditions that will change as climate changes. This will enhance the accuracy of injury assessments, the effectiveness of restoration, and the detection of early warning signs that ecosystems are approaching tipping points. Fifth, in response to or anticipation of GCC, restoration projects may need to be conducted in areas distant from the site of injury or focused on functionally equivalent natural resources; thus, community involvement in NRDAR processes will be increasingly important. Sixth, we promote using NRDAR restoration projects as opportunities to mitigate GCC-related impacts. Seventh, we recommend adaptive management approaches to NRDAR processes and communication of successes and failures widely. Finally, we recommend focusing on managing the stressors that might be exacerbated by GCC, such as pollution and habitat loss, because there is a long history of successfully mitigating these stressors, which can be more easily managed on local scales than climate change. We believe that adoption of these recommendations will lead to a more efficacious NRDAR process, despite the challenges posed by climate change. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:93101. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Rohr, Jason R.] Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Johnson, Philip] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Hickey, Christopher W.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Helm, Roger C.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Div Environm Qual, Arlington, VA USA. [Fritz, Alyce] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. [Brasfield, Sandra] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS USA. RP Rohr, JR (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Integrat Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM jasonrohr@gmail.com RI Hickey, Christopher/E-9931-2013 FU U.S. Department of Agriculture [NRI 2008-00622 20, 2008-01785]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [STAR R83-3835, CAREER 83518801] FX We thank W. Landis for comments. J. Rohr was supported by grants from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (NRI 2008-00622 20 and 2008-01785) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR R83-3835 and CAREER 83518801). The opinions are those of the authors, who are solely responsible for the content. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 56 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1002/etc.2036 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700011 PM 23097077 ER PT J AU Dietrich, JP Myers, MS Strickland, SA Van Gaest, A Arkoosh, MR AF Dietrich, Joseph P. Myers, Mark S. Strickland, Stacy A. Van Gaest, Ahna Arkoosh, Mary R. TI Toxicity of forest fire retardant chemicals to stream-type chinook salmon undergoing parr-smolt transformation SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Wildfire; Toxicity; PHOS-CHEK; Smolt ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; AMMONIA; EXPOSURE; GILL; SMOLTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; FISH AB Long-term fire retardants are used to prevent the spread of wildland fires. These products are normally applied by aircraft and are intended specifically for terrestrial application, but fire retardants have entered aquatic habitats by misapplication and/or accidental spills and have resulted in fish mortalities. The authors examined the toxicity of two fire retardant products, PHOS-CHEK 259F and LC-95A, to salmon undergoing parrsmolt transformation. Yearling stream-type chinook salmon at the smolt stage were exposed to eight concentrations of each retardant in freshwater and a no-PHOS-CHEK control for 96?h to determine acute toxicity. Concentrations of the products that caused 50% mortality were 140.5 and 339.8?mg/L for 259F and LC-95A, respectively, and could occur during accidental drops into aquatic habitats. Damage to gill tissues seen in histopathological sections was attributed to fire retardant exposure. Un-ionized ammonia levels, from 259F, were sufficient to cause acute mortality; but additional factors, indicated by increased phagosome prevalence in the gills, might have contributed to mortality during LC-95A exposure. Seawater and disease challenges were performed to determine sublethal effects of product exposures on fish health. Although PHOS-CHEK exposure did not adversely affect chinook salmon's susceptibility to Listonella anguillarum, exposure did significantly reduce seawater survival. Reduced salmon survival resulting from prior fire retardant exposure during their transition from freshwater rearing environments to seawater may decrease the abundance of salmon populations. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:236247. (c) 2012 SETAC C1 [Dietrich, Joseph P.; Strickland, Stacy A.; Van Gaest, Ahna; Arkoosh, Mary R.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. [Myers, Mark S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Dietrich, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR USA. EM joseph.dietrich@noaa.gov FU U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service Wildland Fire Chemical Systems Program FX We appreciate the technical efforts of D. Boylen, J. Osborn, and G. Hutchinson. We are also grateful for the insights provided by E. Little, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, Missouri, and the thoughtful comments of N. Scholz, K. Peck-Miller, and K. MacNeal of the National Marine Fisheries Service during manuscript review. The present study was financially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture-Forest Service Wildland Fire Chemical Systems Program. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 236 EP 247 DI 10.1002/etc.2052 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 057EQ UT WOS:000312545700027 PM 23161484 ER PT J AU Cha, Y Stow, CA Bernhardt, ES AF Cha, YoonKyung Stow, Craig A. Bernhardt, Emily S. TI Impacts of dreissenid mussel invasions on chlorophyll and total phosphorus in 25 lakes in the USA SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian hierarchical modelling; chlorophyll a; Chl-TP relationships; dreissenid filtration impacts; total phosphorus ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SAGINAW BAY; POLYMORPHA COLONIZATION; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; NUTRIENT RELATIONSHIPS; ERIE; HURON; PHYTOPLANKTON AB 1. Invasions of zebra and quagga mussels have had long-term, large-scale impacts on lake ecosystems in the USA as characterised by high abundance, broad-scale spread and effective adaption to new environmental conditions. Due to their high filtering capacity, decreases in chlorophyll a (Chl) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations have been reported in many affected lakes. 2. In 25 US lakes, we analysed the effects of dreissenid invasions on changes in Chl and TP concentrations, measured as the probability of a concentration decrease in the post-invasion period and changes in ChlTP relationships using Bayesian hierarchical regressions. We also examined whether changes in Chl and TP concentrations and in the ChlTP relationship differed according to lake hydromorphology, such as mean depth or mixing status (mixed versus stratified lakes). 3. Our results showed that dreissenid invasions were often, but not always, associated with subsequent TP and Chl declines. Dreissenid effects on Chl and TP may be influenced by lake thermal structure. Decreases in Chl and TP were consistently found in mixed lakes where benthicpelagic coupling is tight, while the effects were less predictable in stratified lakes. Within stratified lakes, Chl and TP reductions were more clearly discernible in deeper lakes with long water residence times. 4. Regression results demonstrated that a joint increase in slope and decrease in intercept and a tighter correlation of the ChlTP relationship were likely to occur in dreissenid-invaded lakes; this does not support the idea of a shift from bottom-up to top-down control of primary production. These results have important implications for management, suggesting that a relaxation of TP standards would be unwarranted. 5. Across lakes, the slope of the ChlTP relationship for mixed lakes was substantially higher than that for stratified lakes before mussel invasion, indicating an important role of light in limiting primary production. The slope differences between mixed and stratified lakes decreased in the post-invasion period, possibly because mussel filtration results in a relaxation of light limitation that is more pronounced in deeper, stratified lakes. C1 [Cha, YoonKyung] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bernhardt, Emily S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. RP Cha, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 440 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ykcha@umich.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center FX This research was sponsored by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. GLERL contribution number 1637. We would like to thank Amy Benson at US Geological Survey for providing the information on mussel invasion and Michaela Margida for assistance in collecting the data and Ibrahim Alameddine, Tara Stow and anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 51 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 9 U2 108 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 192 EP 206 DI 10.1111/fwb.12050 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 057CB UT WOS:000312538400015 ER PT J AU Deziel, NC Wei, WQ Abnet, CC Qiao, YL Sunderland, D Ren, JS Schantz, MM Zhang, Y Strickland, PT Abubaker, S Dawsey, SM Friesen, MC Roth, MJ AF Deziel, Nicole C. Wei, Wen-Qiang Abnet, Christian C. Qiao, You-Lin Sunderland, Deirdre Ren, Jian-Song Schantz, Michele M. Zhang, Yu Strickland, Paul T. Abubaker, Salahaddin Dawsey, Sanford M. Friesen, Melissa C. Roth, Mark J. TI A multi-day environmental study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure in a high-risk region for esophageal cancer in China SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; cancer; China; dietary exposure; inhalation exposure; biomonitoring ID SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMA; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE GLUCURONIDE; RESIDENTIAL AIR; URINE; AREA; IRAN; TOBACCO; CONTRIBUTE; ALCOHOL; LINXIAN AB Linzhou, China has one of the highest rates of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the world. Exposure to carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), may have a role in this increased risk. To better understand PAH sources, we measured PAHs in the air and food of 20 non-smokers over multiple days and compared the concentrations with a urinary PAH biomarker, 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide (1-OHPG). Sampling occurred over 4 consecutive days. Kitchen air samples (days 2-3) and duplicate diet samples (days 1-4) were analyzed for 14 or more unique PAHs, including BaP. Daily urine samples (days 1-3) were analyzed for 1-OHPG. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the associations between air or food PAH concentrations and urine 1-OHPG concentrations. The median kitchen air BaP concentration was 10.2 ng/m(3) (interquartile range (IQR): 5.1-20.2 ng/m(3)). The median daily food BaP concentration and intake were 0.08 ng/g (IQR = 0.04-0.16 ng/g) and 86 ng/day (IQR = 41-142 ng/day), respectively. The median 1-OHPG concentration was 3.36 pmol/ml (IQR = 2.09-6.98 pmol/ml). In mixed-effects models, 1-OHPG concentration increased with same-day concentration of food BaP (P=0.07). Although PAH concentrations in air were not associated with 1-OHPG concentrations, the high concentrations of PAHs in both air and food suggest that they are both important routes of exposure to PAHs in this population. Further evaluation of the role of PAH exposure from air and food in the elevated rates of esophageal cancer in this region is warranted. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology (2013) 23, 52-59; doi:10.1038/jes.2012.73; published online 18 July 2012 C1 [Deziel, Nicole C.; Friesen, Melissa C.] NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Wei, Wen-Qiang; Qiao, You-Lin; Zhang, Yu] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Canc, Dept Canc Epidemiol, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China. [Abnet, Christian C.; Ren, Jian-Song; Dawsey, Sanford M.; Roth, Mark J.] NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Sunderland, Deirdre] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Strickland, Paul T.; Abubaker, Salahaddin] Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Deziel, NC (reprint author), NCI, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8005, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dezielnc@mail.nih.gov RI Qiao, You-Lin/B-4139-2012; Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015; Friesen, Melissa/A-5362-2009 OI Qiao, You-Lin/0000-0001-6380-0871; Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843; FU NCI [N01-RC-47702]; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH; Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences FX This study was supported in part by NCI contract N01-RC-47702 to the Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; in part by the Intramural Research Program of the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH; and in part by the Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 34 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 23 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1038/jes.2012.73 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 057QE UT WOS:000312577300008 PM 22805987 ER PT J AU Hunt, GL Blanchard, AL Boveng, P Dalpadado, P Drinkwater, KF Eisner, L Hoperoft, RR Kovacs, KM Norcross, BL Renaud, P Reigstad, M Renner, M Skjoldal, HR Whitehouse, A Woodgate, RA AF Hunt, George L., Jr. Blanchard, Amy L. Boveng, Peter Dalpadado, Padmini Drinkwater, Kenneth F. Eisner, Lisa Hoperoft, Russ R. Kovacs, Kit M. Norcross, Brenda L. Renaud, Paul Reigstad, Marit Renner, Martin Skjoldal, Hein Rune Whitehouse, Andy Woodgate, Rebecca A. TI The Barents and Chukchi Seas: Comparison of two Arctic shelf ecosystems SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Advection; Barents Sea; Benthos; Chukchi Sea; Climate change; Fish; Large marine ecosystems; Marine mammals; Plankton; Seabirds ID MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; NORTHERN BERING-SEA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; BOWHEAD WHALE DISTRIBUTION; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; SPRING BLOOM DEVELOPMENT; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; PELAGIC FOOD WEBS; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB This paper compares and contrasts the ecosystems of the Barents and Chukchi Seas. Despite their similarity in a number of features, the Barents Sea supports a vast biomass of commercially important fish, but the Chukchi does not. Here we examine a number of aspects of these two seas to ascertain how they are similar and how they differ. We then indentify processes and mechanisms that may be responsible for their similarities and differences. Both the Barents and Chukchi Seas are high latitude, seasonally ice covered, Arctic shelf-seas. Both have strongly advective regimes, and receive water from the south. Water entering the Barents comes from the deep, ice-free and "warm" Norwegian Sea, and contains not only heat, but also a rich supply of zooplankton that supports larval fish in spring. In contrast, Bering Sea water entering the Chukchi in spring and early summer is cold. In spring, this Bering Sea water is depleted of large, lipid-rich zooplankton, thus likely resulting in a relatively low availability of zooplankton for fish. Although primary production on average is similar in the two seas, fish biomass density is an order of magnitude greater in the Barents than in the Chukchi Sea. The Barents Sea supports immense fisheries, whereas the Chukchi Sea does not. The density of cetaceans in the Barents Sea is about double that in the Chukchi Sea, as is the density of nesting seabirds, whereas, the density of pinnipeds in the Chukchi is about double that in the Barents Sea. In the Chukchi Sea, export of carbon to the benthos and benthic biomass may be greater. We hypothesize that the difference in fish abundance in the two seas is driven by differences in the heat and plankton advected into them, and the amount of primary production consumed in the upper water column. However, we suggest that the critical difference between the Chukchi and Barents Seas is the pre-cooled water entering the Chukchi Sea from the south. This cold water, and the winter mixing of the Chukchi Sea as it becomes ice covered, result in water temperatures below the physiological limits of the commercially valuable fish that thrive in the southeastern Bering Sea. If climate change warms the Barents Sea, thereby increasing the open water area via reducing ice cover, productivity at most trophic levels is likely to increase. In the Chukchi, warming should also reduce sea ice cover, permitting a longer production season. However, the shallow northern Bering and Chukchi Seas are expected to continue to be ice-covered in winter, so water there will continue to be cold in winter and spring, and is likely to continue to be a barrier to the movement of temperate fish into the Chukchi Sea. Thus, it is unlikely that large populations of boreal fish species will become established in this Arctic marginal sea. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hunt, George L., Jr.; Renner, Martin; Whitehouse, Andy] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Blanchard, Amy L.; Hoperoft, Russ R.; Norcross, Brenda L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Boveng, Peter] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dalpadado, Padmini; Drinkwater, Kenneth F.; Skjoldal, Hein Rune] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Eisner, Lisa] NOAA, TSMRI Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr NMFS, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Kovacs, Kit M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Renaud, Paul] Akvaplan Niva, Fram Ctr, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. [Reigstad, Marit] Univ Tromso, Dept Arctic & Marine Biol, N-9037 Tromso, Norway. [Woodgate, Rebecca A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Hunt, GL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM glhunt@uci.edu RI Renaud, Paul/C-7191-2008; Blanchard, Arny/C-2429-2008; Reigstad, Marit/B-2497-2013; OI Reigstad, Marit/0000-0002-8592-7192; Whitehouse, George/0000-0002-9130-9403; Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 FU US National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, Arctic Natural Science Program [0830146, 0908262]; NSF [ARC-0632154, ARC-0855748, OPP-0909571]; NOAA-RUSALCA; CIFAR/NOAA [NA08OAR4320870]; Research Council of Norway through the MENUII project [190286] FX We thank IMBER for hosting the IMBIZO-II (workshop) in Crete from which this paper was developed. We thank Jackie Grebmeier and two anonymous reviewers who provided constructive criticism of earlier versions of this paper. Funding for Hunt was provided by the US National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, Arctic Natural Science Program grants 0830146 and 0908262. Funding for Woodgate was from NSF grants ARC-0632154, ARC-0855748, and NOAA-RUSALCA. Funding for Hopcroft was provided by NSF grant OPP-0909571 & CIFAR/NOAA number NA08OAR4320870. Funding for Drinkwater came from the Research Council of Norway through the MENUII project (#190286). This paper is a contribution of the IMBER Regional Program, Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Ecosystems (ESSAS). NR 272 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 10 U2 167 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 109 SI SI BP 43 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.08.003 PG 26 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 056HV UT WOS:000312479900004 ER PT J AU Steele, JH Aydin, K Gifford, DJ Hofmann, EE AF Steele, John H. Aydin, Kerim Gifford, Dian J. Hofmann, Eileen E. TI Construction kits or virtual worlds; Management applications of E2E models SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE End-to-end models; Management applications; Ecosystem-based management ID MARINE FISH COMMUNITY; TO-END MODELS; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; FOOD WEBS; FISHERIES; ECOPATH; CLIMATE; ECOSIM; OCEAN; CHALLENGES AB We review briefly the diversity of modeling activity that comes under the rubric of end-to-end (E2E) models, but the focus of this paper - of joint concern to researchers and to managers - is on applications to management and decision making. The models and applications span a range from "construction kits" that identify particular management issues and use comparisons across ecosystems; to "virtual worlds" that immerse managers in the details of strategic evaluations for particular systems. The general conclusion is that "application" is not a straightforward transition from theory to practice but a complex interactive process. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Steele, John H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Aydin, Kerim] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Gifford, Dian J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. RP Steele, JH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jsteele@whoi.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA09NMF4720181]; NOAA (U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency); NSF (U.S. National Science Foundation) FX Tosca Ballerini, Richard Brodeur, Fei Chai, Daniel Costa, Jeremy Collie, Jerome Fiechter, Marjorie Friedrichs, Sarah Gaichas, Watson Gregg, Robert Groman, Michael Heath, Porter Hoagland, Thomas Ihde, Di Jin, Isaac Kaplan, Kelly Kearney, David Mountain, Raghu Murtugudde, Kenneth Rose, Tammi Richardson, Eric Thunberg, Howard Townsend. Support was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Award Number NA09NMF4720181).; This review is based on the proceedings of a workshop, held at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 19-22 April 2010, as part of CAMEO (Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization), a program supported jointly by NOAA (U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency) and NSF (U.S. National Science Foundation). A full report of the Workshop is available at (www.IMBER.info). NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 109 SI SI BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.10.016 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 056HV UT WOS:000312479900008 ER PT J AU Salihoglu, B Neuer, S Painting, S Murtugudde, R Hofmann, EE Steele, JH Hood, RR Legendre, L Lomas, MW Wiggert, JD Ito, S Lachkar, Z Hunt, GL Drinkwater, KF Sabine, CL AF Salihoglu, B. Neuer, S. Painting, S. Murtugudde, R. Hofmann, E. E. Steele, J. H. Hood, R. R. Legendre, L. Lomas, M. W. Wiggert, J. D. Ito, S. Lachkar, Z. Hunt, G. L., Jr. Drinkwater, K. F. Sabine, C. L. TI Bridging marine ecosystem and biogeochemistry research: Lessons and recommendations from comparative studies SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Marine; Ecosystems; Biogeochemistry; Comparative studies ID TO-END MODELS; PHYTOPLANKTON-ZOOPLANKTON MODEL; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; FUTURE CLIMATE-CHANGE; EASTERN BERING-SEA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; REGIME-SHIFTS; INDIAN-OCEAN AB There is growing interest in linking marine biogeochemistry with marine ecosystems research in response to the increasing need to understand and predict the effect of global change on the marine ecosystem. Such a holistic approach combines oceanographic and biogeochemical processes and information on organisms, ranging from microbes to higher-trophic-levels. Comparative studies offer a means to improve understanding of critical mechanisms that influence marine systems by showing differences in ecosystem response to changing ocean conditions. Comparing similar biomes that differ in a particular set of physical or biological characteristics can provide insight into the susceptibility of the key features of a system to perturbation. Also, comparative studies based on long-term observations at fixed time-series stations enable the evaluation of long-term changes in the physical and biological environment, such as those driven by climate patterns. Moreover, the comparative approach provides a feasible alternative to costly and complex research programs designed to provide detailed end-to-end evaluations of marine systems. Planned and unplanned perturbations allow the investigation of the sensitivity of ecosystems and their biogeochemical processes to change at different time and space scales. In well-studied regions where sufficient data are available, models can provide comprehensive syntheses, mechanistic insights and even predictions. We present examples of successful comparative studies that incorporate both biogeochemical and ecosystems aspects. A framework for a basic approach for comparative studies is proposed that considers the interactions between biogeochemical cycles and ecosystems. This approach is based on constructing a minimalistic observational framework grounded within a conceptual model. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Salihoglu, B.] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Erdemli, Turkey. [Neuer, S.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Painting, S.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Norfolk, England. [Murtugudde, R.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hofmann, E. E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Steele, J. H.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hood, R. R.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Legendre, L.] LOV, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Lomas, M. W.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St George 01, GE, Bermuda. [Wiggert, J. D.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ito, S.] Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Fisheries Res Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001, Japan. [Lachkar, Z.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem Schadstoffdynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hunt, G. L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Drinkwater, K. F.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Drinkwater, K. F.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Sabine, C. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Salihoglu, B (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Erdemli, Turkey. EM baris@ims.metu.edu.tr RI Ito, Shin-ichi/E-2981-2012; hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013; Salihoglu, Baris/D-1376-2010; OI Ito, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-3635-2580; Salihoglu, Baris/0000-0002-7510-7713; Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697; Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 FU NSF [OCE-103880, ARC-0830146]; IMBER Program; EU 7th framework MEECE project; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-0814584]; NOAA Climate Program office; Defra [ME3205, ME5302]; Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies, Delmenhorst, Germany FX This manuscript is based on presentations and discussions from a Workshop entitled, "Large-scale regional comparisons of marine biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes - research approaches and results", convened at the IMBER IMBIZO II, which occurred 10-14 October 2010 in Crete, Greece. We acknowledge the support of the EUR-OCEANS Consortium for IMBIZO II as a EUR-OCEANS conference. This publication is a contribution to the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) project. We thank all Workshop participants for the discussions that provided the basis for this manuscript. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. The Workshop and the IMBIZO II were supported in part by NSF Grant OCE-103880. Support for B. Salihoglu was provided by the IMBER Program and EU 7th framework MEECE project. Support for E. Hofmann was provided by U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant OCE-0814584. G. Hunt was supported by NSF Grant ARC-0830146 and this is a contribution of the IMBER Regional Program, Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas (ESSAS). C. Sabine was supported by NOAA Climate Program office and this is PMEL contribution number 3826. S. Painting was supported from Defra-funded ME3205 and ME5302. S. Neuer received support from the Hanse Institute for Advanced Studies, Delmenhorst, Germany. We thank Jason Link for his comments on the earlier version of the manuscript. NR 151 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 63 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 109 SI SI BP 161 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.07.005 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 056HV UT WOS:000312479900013 ER PT J AU Koren, I Altaratz, O Remer, LA Feingold, G Martins, JV Heiblum, R AF Koren, Ilan Altaratz, Orit Remer, Lorraine A. Feingold, Graham Martins, J. Vanderlei Heiblum, Reuven TI Water vapour affects both rain and aerosol optical depth Reply SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Koren, Ilan; Altaratz, Orit; Heiblum, Reuven] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Remer, Lorraine A.; Martins, J. Vanderlei] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Lab Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Martins, J. Vanderlei] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 23 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 5 EP 5 DI 10.1038/ngeo1693 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058KQ UT WOS:000312633000005 ER PT J AU Lubbecke, JF AF Luebbecke, Joke F. TI CLIMATE SCIENCE Tropical Atlantic warm events SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID VARIABILITY; NINOS C1 NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lubbecke, JF (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Joke.Luebbecke@noaa.gov RI Luebbecke, Joke/G-6315-2016 OI Luebbecke, Joke/0000-0002-7839-3284 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 22 EP 24 DI 10.1038/ngeo1685 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 058KQ UT WOS:000312633000021 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Douglas, JF AF Zhang, Hao Douglas, Jack F. TI Glassy interfacial dynamics of Ni nanoparticles: part I Colored noise, dynamic heterogeneity and collective atomic motion SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID UNIVERSAL DIELECTRIC RESPONSE; POTENTIAL-ENERGY FLUCTUATIONS; CRYSTAL FLUID INTERFACE; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; 1/F NOISE; 1-F NOISE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; CONDENSED MATTER; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES AB Most condensed materials exhibit a significant fraction of atoms, molecules or particles that strongly interact with each other, while being configured geometrically at any instant of time in an 'amorphous' state having a relatively uniform density. Recently, both simulations and experiments have revealed that the dynamics of diverse condensed amorphous materials is generally characterized by significant heterogeneity in the local mobility and by progressively increasing collective motion upon cooling that takes the form of string-like collective particle rearrangements. The direct experimental observation of this type of collective motion, which has been directly linked to the growing relaxation times of glass-forming materials, and its quantification under different thermodynamic conditions, have so far been restricted to colloidal and driven granular fluids. The present work addresses the fundamental problem of how to determine the scale of this type of collective motion in materials composed of molecules or atoms. The basic premise of our work is that large scale dynamic particle clustering in amorphous materials must give rise to large fluctuations in particle mobility so that transport properties, especially those related to particle mobility, should naturally exhibit noise related to the cooperative motion scale. In our initial exploratory study seeking a relationship of this kind, we find 1/f(alpha) or 'colored noise', in both potential energy and particle displacement fluctuations of the atoms within the glassy interfacial layer of Ni nanoparticles (NPs). A direct relationship between the particle displacement (mobility) noise exponent alpha and the average polymerization index of the string-like collective motion L is observed for a range of NP sizes, temperatures and for surface doping of the NPs with other metal atoms (Ag, Au, Pt) to change the fragility of the glassy interfacial layer at the surface of the Ni NPs. We also introduce a successful analytic model to understand this relationship between alpha and L. C1 [Zhang, Hao] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM hao.zhang@ualberta.ca; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NIH grant [1 R01 EB006398-01A1] FX HZ gratefully acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. JFD acknowledges support of this work under the NIH grant (1 R01 EB006398-01A1). NR 140 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1254 EP 1265 DI 10.1039/c2sm26789f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 057HN UT WOS:000312553900028 PM 25170342 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Douglas, JF AF Zhang, Hao Douglas, Jack F. TI Glassy interfacial dynamics of Ni nanoparticles: Part II Discrete breathers as an explanation of two-level energy fluctuations SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DEPOLARIZED LIGHT-SCATTERING; DEPENDENT CATALYTIC-ACTIVITY; FREQUENCY RAMAN-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BOSON PEAK; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; NONLINEAR LATTICES; BETA-RELAXATION; HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION AB Recent studies of the dynamics of diverse condensed amorphous materials have indicated significant heterogeneity in the local mobility and a progressive increase in collective particle motion upon cooling that takes the form of string-like particle rearrangements. In a previous paper (Part I), we examined the possibility that fluctuations in potential energy E and particle mobility mu associated with this 'dynamic heterogeneity' might offer information about the scale of collective motion in glassy materials based on molecular dynamics simulations of the glassy interfacial region of Ni nanoparticles (NPs) at elevated temperatures. We found that the noise exponent associated with fluctuations in the Debye-Waller factor, a mobility related quantity, was directly proportional to the scale of collective motion L under a broad range of conditions, but the noise exponent associated with E(t) fluctuations was seemingly unrelated to L. In the present work, we focus on this unanticipated difference between potential energy and mobility fluctuations by examining these quantities at an atomic scale. We find that the string atoms exhibit a jump-like motion between two well-separated bands of energy states and the rate at which these jumps occur seems to be consistent with the phenomenology of the 'slow-beta' relaxation process of glass-forming liquids. Concurrently with these local E(t) jumps, we also find 'quake-like' particle displacements having a power-law distribution in magnitude so that particle displacement fluctuations within the strings are strikingly different from local E(t) fluctuations. An analysis of these E(t) fluctuations suggests that we are dealing with 'discrete breather' excitations in which large energy fluctuations develop in arrays of non-linear oscillators by virtue of large anharmonicity in the interparticle interactions and discreteness effects associated with particle packing. We quantify string collective motions on a fast caging timescale (picoseconds) and explore the significance of these collective motions for understanding the Boson peak of glass-forming materials. C1 [Zhang, Hao] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. EM hao.zhang@ualberta.ca; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NIH grant [1 R01 EB006398-01A1] FX HZ gratefully acknowledges the support of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. JFD acknowledges support of this work under the NIH grant (1 R01 EB006398-01A1). NR 170 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1280 DI 10.1039/c2sm27533c PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 057HN UT WOS:000312553900029 PM 23585770 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B Wang, XD Herzing, A Shi, J AF Nikoobakht, Babak Wang, Xudong Herzing, Andrew Shi, Jian TI Scalable synthesis and device integration of self-registered one-dimensional zinc oxide nanostructures and related materials SO CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID ZNO NANOWIRE ARRAYS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; DEPENDENT GROWTH DIRECTION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SILICON NANOWIRES; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; PATTERNED GROWTH; LARGE-SCALE; THIN-FILM AB On integrating one-dimensional (1D) nanocrystals (nanowires) to useful devices, in this review article, we provide a background on vapor-based growth processes and how they impact device integration strategies. Successful integration of nanowires to devices and their scalability simply rely on where and how nanowires are formed, how they are interfaced to other device components and how they function. In this direction, we will provide a discussion on developed growth strategies for lateral and standing growth of semiconductor nanostructures and assess their success in addressing current challenges of nanotechnology such as mass integration of nanowires, and the necessary accuracy in their positioning and alignment. In this regard, we highlight some of our recent work on formation of two-dimensional (2D)- and three-dimensional (3D)-nanowire and nanowall arrays and provide an overview of their structural and electro-optical properties. This will be followed by discussing potential applications of such hierarchical assemblies in light generation, photocatalysis and conversion of motion to electricity. C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak; Herzing, Andrew] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Xudong; Shi, Jian] Univ Wisconsin, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babakn@nist.gov; xudong@engr.wisc.edu RI Wang, Xudong/A-7067-2009; Nikoobakht, Babak/D-7562-2011 FU UW-NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centre (NSEC) [DMR 0425880]; UW graduate school FX BN wishes to thank Dr S. Eustis for collecting some of the TEM images. XW and JS thank the support UW-NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centre (NSEC) (DMR 0425880) and UW graduate school. NR 157 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 193 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0306-0012 J9 CHEM SOC REV JI Chem. Soc. Rev. PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 BP 342 EP 365 DI 10.1039/c2cs35164a PG 24 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 049FV UT WOS:000311968700019 PM 23023109 ER PT J AU Bae, TH Hudson, MR Mason, JA Queen, WL Dutton, JJ Sumida, K Micklash, KJ Kaye, SS Brown, CM Long, JR AF Bae, Tae-Hyun Hudson, Matthew R. Mason, Jarad A. Queen, Wendy L. Dutton, Justin J. Sumida, Kenji Micklash, Ken J. Kaye, Steven S. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Evaluation of cation-exchanged zeolite adsorbents for post-combustion carbon dioxide capture SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; NEUTRON PROFILE REFINEMENT; CO2 CAPTURE; FLUE-GAS; ADSORPTION EQUILIBRIA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CH4; STORAGE; 5A; COORDINATION AB A series of zeolite adsorbents has been evaluated for potential application in post-combustion CO2 capture using a new high-throughput gas adsorption instrument capable of measuring 28 samples in parallel. Among the zeolites tested, Ca-A exhibits the highest CO2 uptake (3.72 mmol g(-1) and 5.63 mmol cm(-3)) together with an excellent CO2 selectivity over N-2 under conditions relevant to capture from the dry flue gas stream of a coal-fired power plant. The large initial isosteric heat of adsorption of -58 kJ mol(-1) indicates the presence of strong interactions between CO2 and the Ca-A framework. Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction studies reveal the precise location of the adsorption sites for CO2 in Ca-A and Mg-A. A detailed study of CO2 adsorption kinetics further shows that the performance of Ca-A is not limited by slow CO2 diffusion within the pores. Significantly, Ca-A exhibited a higher volumetric CO2 uptake and CO2/N-2 selectivity than Mg-2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 1,4-dioxido-2,5-benzenedicarboxylate; Mg-MOF-74, CPO-27-Mg), one of the best performing adsorbents. The exceptional performance of Ca-A was maintained in CO2 breakthrough simulations. C1 [Bae, Tae-Hyun; Mason, Jarad A.; Sumida, Kenji; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bae, Tae-Hyun; Mason, Jarad A.; Sumida, Kenji; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Queen, Wendy L.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dutton, Justin J.; Micklash, Ken J.; Kaye, Steven S.] Wildcat Discovery Technol Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Bae, TH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Bae, Tae-Hyun/B-9839-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Bae, Tae-Hyun/0000-0003-0033-2526; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Sumida, Kenji/0000-0003-0215-5922 FU Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy (DoE); U.S. DoE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NSF; NIST National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Research Associate program FX This research was funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), U.S. Department of Energy (DoE). Use of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. DoE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DoE under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Dr Greg Halder for help with the diffraction data collection on 1-BM-C at the APS and Dr Trudy Bolin and Dr Michael Pape for the use of the helium glovebox in APS Sector 9. We also thank NSF for providing graduate fellowship support for J.A.M., and the NIST National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Research Associate program for support of M.R.H. and W.L.Q. NR 75 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 11 U2 210 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1039/c2ee23337a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 054IR UT WOS:000312337700017 ER PT J AU Cram, JM Torgersen, CE Klett, RS Pess, GR May, D Pearsons, TN Dittman, AH AF Cram, Jeremy M. Torgersen, Christian E. Klett, Ryan S. Pess, George R. May, Darran Pearsons, Todd N. Dittman, Andrew H. TI Tradeoffs between homing and habitat quality for spawning site selection by hatchery-origin Chinook salmon SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Spawning; Supplementation; Habitat; Homing; Straying ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; COLUMBIA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; WENATCHEE RIVER; SOCKEYE-SALMON; WASHINGTON; STREAM; ABUNDANCE; BASIN; WILD AB Spawning site selection by female salmon is based on complex and poorly understood tradeoffs between the homing instinct and the availability of appropriate habitat for successful reproduction. Previous studies have shown that hatchery-origin Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) released from different acclimation sites return with varying degrees of fidelity to these areas. To investigate the possibility that homing fidelity is associated with aquatic habitat conditions, we quantified physical habitat throughout 165 km in the upper Yakima River basin (Washington, USA) and mapped redd and carcass locations from 2004 to 2008. Principal components analysis identified differences in substrate, cover, stream width, and gradient among reaches surrounding acclimation sites, and canonical correspondence analysis revealed that these differences in habitat characteristics were associated with spatial patterns of spawning (p < 0.01). These analyses indicated that female salmon may forego spawning near their acclimation area if the surrounding habitat is unsuitable. Evaluating the spatial context of acclimation areas in relation to surrounding habitat may provide essential information for effectively managing supplementation programs and prioritizing restoration actions. C1 [Cram, Jeremy M.; Torgersen, Christian E.] Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pess, George R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [May, Darran] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pearsons, Todd N.] Grant Cty Publ Util Dist, Ephrata, WA 98823 USA. [Dittman, Andrew H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Cram, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Cascadia Field Stn,Sch Environm & Forest Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jcram@u.washington.edu FU NOAA Fisheries; USGS Western Region Biological Resource Division State Partnership Program; Water Center at the University of Washington; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232, 1844] FX We thank the Yakama Nation for providing logistical support and identifying redds. Additionally, we are grateful to NOAA Fisheries, USGS Western Region Biological Resource Division State Partnership Program, and the Water Center at the University of Washington for providing funding. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution # 1844. Tanya Cram, James Chu, and Ethan Welty were essential volunteers assisting with the habitat surveys. We also thank Hiroo Imaki and Patricia Haggerty for GIS assistance. Thomas Quinn, Julian Olden, Phil Roni, and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2013 VL 96 IS 1 BP 109 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s10641-012-0026-1 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 054JL UT WOS:000312339700010 ER PT J AU Vitaliano, J Packer, D Reid, R Guida, V AF Vitaliano, Joseph Packer, David Reid, Robert Guida, Vincent TI Broad-scale, dense amphipod tube aggregations on the sea bed: implications for resource species that utilize benthic habitats SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE amphipod tubes; benthic habitat; biogenic structure; demersal fish; food habits; sediments ID GEORGES-BANK; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; JUVENILE FISHES; SEDIMENT TYPE; ATLANTIC; COMMUNITY; GROUNDS; IMPACTS; REFUGE; FLOOR AB During a research cruise to Georges Bank in 1999 to study the areas closed to fishing, broad areas of the sea floor (3000_km2) were found to have a high percentage cover of emergent invertebrate tubes. Most of these tubes were attributable to the tubicolous epifaunal amphipod, Ericthonius rubricornis. Our data show the spatial extent that dense clumps of amphipod tubes could cover the sea floor on Georges Bank. When some of the same sites were sampled 1_yr later, in June 2000, the percent cover of the tube clumps on the sea floor was significantly reduced. Biogenic structures, such as invertebrate tubes, are important features of benthic habitats and may provide protection for juvenile fish and invertebrate resource species. Our observations reiterate that biogenic habitat characteristics are not spatially and temporally stable and this needs to be recognized by fisheries managers when managing the living marine resources that utilize these habitats. C1 [Vitaliano, Joseph; Packer, David; Reid, Robert; Guida, Vincent] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Vitaliano, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM joseph.vitaliano@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1111/fog.12003 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 053CP UT WOS:000312247900005 ER PT J AU Wegner, NC Sepulveda, CA Aalbers, SA Graham, JB AF Wegner, Nicholas C. Sepulveda, Chugey A. Aalbers, Scott A. Graham, Jeffrey B. TI Structural adaptations for ram ventilation: Gill fusions in scombrids and billfishes SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tuna; mackerel; marlin; swordfish; gill filament; gill lamellae ID BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; TUNA KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; SKIPJACK TUNA; SWIMMING ENERGETICS; OCEANIC FISHES; GROWTH; AGE; SCOMBEROMORUS; PERFORMANCE AB For ram-gill ventilators such as tunas and mackerels (family Scombridae) and billfishes (families Istiophoridae, Xiphiidae), fusions binding the gill lamellae and filaments prevent gill deformation by a fast and continuous ventilatory stream. This study examines the gills from 28 scombrid and seven billfish species in order to determine how factors such as body size, swimming speed, and the degree of dependence upon ram ventilation influence the site of occurrence and type of fusions. In the family Scombridae there is a progressive increase in the reliance on ram ventilation that correlates with the elaboration of gill fusions. This ranges from mackerels (tribe Scombrini), which only utilize ram ventilation at fast cruising speeds and lack gill fusions, to tunas (tribe Thunnini) of the genus Thunnus, which are obligate ram ventilators and have two distinct fusion types (one binding the gill lamellae and a second connecting the gill filaments). The billfishes appear to have independently evolved gill fusions that rival those of tunas in terms of structural complexity. Examination of a wide range of body sizes for some scombrids and billfishes shows that gill fusions begin to develop at lengths as small as 2.0 cm fork length. In addition to securing the spatial configuration of the gill sieve, gill fusions also appear to increase branchial resistance to slow the high-speed current produced by ram ventilation to distribute flow evenly and optimally to the respiratory exchange surfaces. J. Morphol. 2013. (c) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Wegner, Nicholas C.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Wegner, Nicholas C.; Graham, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sepulveda, Chugey A.; Aalbers, Scott A.] Pfleger Inst Environm Res, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. RP Wegner, NC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM nick.wegner@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [IOS-0817774]; Tuna Industry Endowment Fund at Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research; George T. Pfleger Foundation; Moore Family Foundation; Nadine A. and Edward M. Carson Scholarship; Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS); Los Angeles Chapter; National Research Council Associateship; Kennel-Haymet Student Lecture Award FX Contract grant sponsor: National Science Foundation; Contract grant number: IOS-0817774; Contract grant sponsors: The Tuna Industry Endowment Fund at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, the Pfleger Institute of Environmental Research, the George T. Pfleger Foundation, the Moore Family Foundation, the Nadine A. and Edward M. Carson Scholarship awarded by the Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS), Los Angeles Chapter (N.C.W.), a National Research Council Associateship (N.C.W.), and the Kennel-Haymet Student Lecture Award (N.C.W.). NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 274 IS 1 BP 108 EP 120 DI 10.1002/jmor.20082 PG 13 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 053DA UT WOS:000312249300009 PM 23023918 ER PT J AU Staymates, JL Staymates, ME Gillen, G AF Staymates, Jessica L. Staymates, Matthew E. Gillen, Greg TI Evaluation of a drop-on-demand micro-dispensing system for development of artificial fingerprints SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID LATENT FINGERPRINTS; DEPOSITION; SEBUM; TIME AB Precision micro-dispensing is an evolving technique that has many applications in the scientific and additive manufacturing communities. Here we describe a method for dispensing viscous materials, including the oily substance found in human fingerprints, known as sebum. In this work, a dispense jet system was used to deposit known amounts of sebum onto surfaces to represent an artificial human fingerprint. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis) and microgravimetry were used to verify the sebum mass loadings of the samples. The dispense jet was capable of printing a viscous sebum mixture as well as a less viscous solution of sebum dissolved in heptane. This method was shown to be repeatable, and UV-Vis was found to be a simple and useful technique for verifying the mass of sebum deposited. This method could be used to prepare artificial fingerprint samples for a variety of applications including the preparation of test materials for emerging trace detection technologies. C1 [Staymates, Jessica L.; Staymates, Matthew E.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Staymates, JL (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jessica.staymates@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored the production of this material under an Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 180 EP 186 DI 10.1039/c2ay26167g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA 049FO UT WOS:000311968000022 ER PT J AU Schultz, BJ Jaye, C Lysaght, PS Fischer, DA Prendergast, D Banerjee, S AF Schultz, Brian J. Jaye, Cherno Lysaght, Patrick S. Fischer, Daniel A. Prendergast, David Banerjee, Sarbajit TI On chemical bonding and electronic structure of graphene-metal contacts SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACES; MICROSCOPY; SCATTERING; DEVICES; LAYERS; FILMS AB The nature of chemical bonding at graphene-metal interfaces is intriguing from a fundamental perspective and has great relevance for contacts to novel spintronics and high-frequency electronic devices. Here, we use near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy in conjunction with Raman spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory to examine chemical bonding and perturbation of the pi-electron cloud at graphene-metal interfaces. Graphene-metal bonding has been contrasted for graphene interfaced with single-crystalline metals, polycrystalline metal foils, and with evaporated metal overlayers and is seen to be strongest at the last noted interface. Strong covalent metal-d-graphene-pi hybridization and hole doping of graphene is observed upon deposition of Ni and Co metal contacts onto graphene/SiO2 and is significantly stronger for these metals in comparison to Cu. Of single-crystalline substrates, the most commensurate (111) facets exhibit the strongest interactions with the graphene lattice. First-principles electronic structure simulations, validated by direct comparison of simulated spectra with NEXAFS measurements, suggest that metal deposition induces a loss of degeneracy between the alpha- and beta-graphene sublattices and that spin-majority and spin-minority channels are distinctly coupled to graphene, contributing to splitting of the characteristic pi* resonance. Finally, the electronic structure of graphene is found to be far less perturbed by metal deposition when the p cloud is pinned to an underlying substrate; this remarkable behaviour of "sandwich" structures has been attributed to electronic accessibility of only one face of graphene and illustrates the potential for anisotropic functionalization. C1 [Schultz, Brian J.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lysaght, Patrick S.] SEMATECH, Front End Proc Div, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Prendergast, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 FU Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We acknowledge the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority for partial support of this work. Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by NIST. Density functional theory simulations were performed as a User Project at the Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 51 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 151 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2013 VL 4 IS 1 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1039/c2sc21018e PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 049GT UT WOS:000311971500059 ER PT J AU Shepard, CC Agostini, VN Gilmer, B Allen, T Stone, J Brooks, W Beck, MW AF Shepard, Christine C. Agostini, Vera N. Gilmer, Ben Allen, Tashya Stone, Jeff Brooks, William Beck, Michael W. TI Assessing risk associated with sea-level rise and storm surge-Redux SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article C1 [Shepard, Christine C.; Beck, Michael W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Nat Conservancy, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Agostini, Vera N.] Nature Conservancy, Miami, FL 33134 USA. [Gilmer, Ben] Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Allen, Tashya; Stone, Jeff] NOAA Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Brooks, William] Assoc State Floodplain Managers, Madison, WI 53713 USA. RP Shepard, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Nat Conservancy, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM cshepard@tnc.org NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD JAN PY 2013 VL 65 IS 1 BP 375 EP 376 DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0368-1 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 050XC UT WOS:000312087100021 ER PT J AU Betancourt, BAP Douglas, JF Starr, FW AF Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino Douglas, Jack F. Starr, Francis W. TI Fragility and cooperative motion in a glass-forming polymer-nanoparticle composite SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID LENNARD-JONES LIQUID; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; POTENTIAL-ENERGY LANDSCAPE; UNIVERSAL SCALING LAW; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; PURE LIQUIDS AB Polymer-nanoparticle composites play a vital role in ongoing materials development. The behavior of the glass transition of these materials is important for their processing and applications, and also represents a problem of fundamental physical interest. Changes of the polymer glass transition temperature T-g due to nanoparticles have been fairly well catalogued, but the breadth of the transition and how rapidly transport properties vary with temperature T - termed the fragility m of glass-formation - is comparatively poorly understood. In the present work, we calculate both T-g and m of a model polymer nanocomposite by molecular dynamics simulations. We systematically consider how T-g and m vary both for the material as a whole, as well as locally, for a range of nanoparticle (NP) concentrations and for representative attractive and repulsive polymer-NP interactions. We find large positive and negative changes in T-g and m that can be interpreted in terms of the Adam-Gibbs model of glass-formation, where the scale of the cooperative motion is identified with the scale of string-like cooperative motion. These results provide a molecular perspective of fragility changes due to the addition of NPs and for the physical origin of fragility more generally. We also contrast the behavior along isobaric and isochoric approaches to T-g, since these differing paths can be important to compare with experiments (isobaric) and simulations (very often isochoric). Our findings have practical implications for understanding the properties of nanocomposites and have fundamental significance for understanding the properties glass-forming materials more broadly. C1 [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Betancourt, Beatriz A. Pazmino; Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Douglas, JF (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.douglas@nist.gov; fstarr@wesleyan.edu RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 FU NIH [1 R01 EB006398-01A1]; NSF [CNS-0959856]; ACS-PRF [51983-ND7] FX JFD acknowledges support from NIH grant 1 R01 EB006398-01A1. BAPB and FWS acknowledge support from NSF grant number CNS-0959856 and ACS-PRF grant 51983-ND7. NR 83 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 6 U2 91 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 241 EP 254 DI 10.1039/c2sm26800k PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 049EF UT WOS:000311964200027 PM 25328534 ER PT S AU Lachhab, I Krichen, L AF Lachhab, Islem Krichen, Lotfi GP IEEE TI Torque Control Development for Electric-Vehicles Motor-Wheels Using Two Techniques SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENCES AND TECHNIQUES OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING STA 2013 SE International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering (STA) CY DEC 20-22, 2013 CL Sousse, TUNISIA SP Univ Sfax, Nat Engn Sch Sfax, Lab Sci & Tech Automat Control & Comp Engn, IEEE Tunisia Sect, Assoc Tunisienne Tech Numeriques & Automatique AB the motorization control has the same importance than the energy sources control for FC/UC electric vehicle propelled by motor-wheels. This work focuses on two different techniques used for the torque control of two PMSMs driving the vehicle. The first methods consist of developing a torque dispatching (TD) system. The second one uses two speed-control loops. Those techniques allow maintaining the motor-wheels at a synchronous speed when the vehicle runs on straightaway or at differential speeds when cornering. C1 [Lachhab, Islem] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Res Inst Met, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Lachhab, I (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU ABC Foundation FX Resrach supported by ABC Foundation. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2378-7163 BN 978-1-4799-2954-2 J9 I C SCI TECH AUTO CO PY 2013 BP 43 EP 46 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BG9LN UT WOS:000393397800008 ER PT S AU Ahrenkiel, RK Feldman, A Lehman, J Johnston, SW AF Ahrenkiel, R. K. Feldman, A. Lehman, J. Johnston, S. W. GP IEEE TI Novel Free-Carrier Pump-Probe Analysis of Carrier Transport in Semiconductors SO 2012 IEEE 38TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC), VOL 2 SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 03-08, 2012 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devides Soc (EDS), IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc (PES), HelioVolt Corp, SunShot, US Dept Energy DE Charge-carrier lifetime; free carrier absorption; photoconductive decay AB We have developed a pump-probe configuration to measure the carrier lifetime using the transient free-carrier density. The free-carrier absorption varies as lambda(2)Delta n/mu, where lambda is 10.6 mu m in this paper. We measure the transient photoconductive decay that is proportional to Delta n * mu. The data product gives Delta alpha * Delta sigma similar to lambda(2) Delta n(t)(2). The mobility variation is nullified by multiplying the data from the two parallel measurements. From the product data, both Delta n(t) and mu(Delta n) can be determined. A large increase in Delta alpha and decrease in mu are observed and caused by space-charge effects in regions of high injection. These data show the unexpected and remarkable result that the lifetime is relatively constant up to an injection level of about three times the doping level. However, the mobility decreases by about a factor of six over the same injection range. C1 [Ahrenkiel, R. K.; Feldman, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ahrenkiel, R. K.; Johnston, S. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80402 USA. [Feldman, A.; Lehman, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rahren@mac.com; ari1127@gmail.com; lehman@boulder.nist.gov; steve.johnston@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2012.2215581 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BC7HM UT WOS:000354881800025 ER PT B AU Tajima, H Nakajima, M Fukuda, T AF Tajima, Hirotaka Nakajima, Masahiro Fukuda, Toshio GP IEEE TI Self-assembly of Capillary Network inside Artificial Hollow Tissue SO 2013 13TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY (IEEE-NANO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IEEE Conference on Nanotechnology (IEEE-NANO) CY AUG 05-08, 2013 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, IEEE Nanotechnol Council, China Assoc Sci & Technol, Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Acad Engn, Chinese Soc Micro Nano Technol, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Natl Sci Fdn, Tsinghua Univ, State Key Lab Tribol, City Univ Hong Kong, NeoUnion ESC Org, Harbin Inst Technol, State Key Lab Robot Technol & Syst, Xian Jiaotong Univ, State Key Lab Mfg Syst Engn, Peking Univ, Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat, Shanghai Jiaotong Univ, Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Micro Nano Fabricat, Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Digital Mfg Equipment & Technol, N Univ China, Micro & Nano Technol Res Ctr, Pk Syst, German Tech, Zurich Instruments Ltd, Stella Co, Techcomp Ltd, AIXTRON SE, Pho Imaging Ltd, Nano Precis Corp, Nanopolis Suzhou Co ID SCAFFOLDS; CULTURE AB The technique to construct the artificial organ made of cultured cells is required in many fields such as tissue engineering and drug development. However, the tissue-like construction more than 200 P m thick has central hypoxia and results in necrosis because of the limitation of diffusion of materials. Then, we will propose a method to form a tissue-like construction including vascular network in itself. Biocompatible artificial vessel was wrapped in cell-sheet cocultivated with HUVEC and NIH3T3. Culture medium perfused into the artificial vessel will be diffused into the whole construction through vascular network of HUVEC. This technique will be increases the viability of the cells in the construction. C1 [Tajima, Hirotaka] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nakajima, Masahiro] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fukuda, Toshio] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tajima, H (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hirotakatajima@boulder.nist.gov; masahironakajima@lamar.colostate.edu; toshiofukuda@nrim.go.jp FU MEXT KAKENHI and JSPS Global-COE program in Nagoya University (COE for Education and Research of Micro-Nano Mechatronics). FX This work was partially supported by MEXT KAKENHI and JSPS Global-COE program in Nagoya University (COE for Education and Research of Micro-Nano Mechatronics). NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0675-8; 978-1-4799-0676-5 PY 2013 BP 142 EP 145 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BB8EU UT WOS:000346488300030 ER PT S AU Huang, M Huang, BM Mielikainen, J Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD Mehta, A AF Huang, Melin Huang, Bormin Mielikainen, Jarno Huang, H. -L Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. Mehta, Ajay GP IEEE TI Further Improvement on GPU-Based Parallel Implementation of WRF 5-Layer Thermal Diffusion Scheme SO 2013 19TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS (ICPADS 2013) SE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS) CY DEC 15-18, 2013 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Tech Comm Distributed Proc, Tech Comm Parallel Proc, Korean Inst Informat Scientists & Engineers, Intel, HP, Nvidia, Samsung, Postech, Ctr Mobile Embedded Software Technol, ManyCoreSoft DE 5-layer thermal diffusion; Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA); Graphics Processing Unit (GPU); speedup; Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) ID URBAN CANOPY MODEL; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; PART I AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been widely employed for weather prediction and atmospheric simulation with dual purposes in forecasting and research. Land-surface models (LSMs) are parts of the WRF model, which is used to provide information of heat and moisture fluxes over land and sea-ice points. The 5-layer thermal diffusion simulation is an LSM based on the MM5 soil temperature model with an energy budget made up of sensible, latent, and radiative heat fluxes. Owing to the feature of no interactions among horizontal grid points, the LSMs are very favorable for massively parallel processing. The study presented in this article demonstrates the parallel computing efforts on the WRF 5-layer thermal diffusion scheme using Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). Since this scheme is only one intermediate module of the entire WRF model, the involvement of the I/O transfer does not occur in the intermediate process. By employing one NVIDIA GTX 680 GPU in the case without I/O transfer, our optimization efforts on the GPU-based 5-layer thermal diffusion scheme can reach a speedup as high as 247.5x with respect to one CPU core, whereas the speedup for one CPU socket with respect to one CPU core is only 3.1x. We can even boost the speedup to 332x with respect to one CPU core when three GPUs are applied. C1 [Huang, Melin; Huang, Bormin; Mielikainen, Jarno; Huang, H. -L Allen] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.; Mehta, Ajay] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Joint Polar Satellite Syst Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Huang, BM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1521-9097 BN 978-1-4799-2081-5 J9 INT C PAR DISTRIB SY PY 2013 BP 710 EP 715 DI 10.1109/ICPADS.2013.126 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture SC Computer Science GA BC7XT UT WOS:000355315600109 ER PT S AU Zhu, H Richter, CA Zhao, EH Bonevich, JE Jang, HJ Yuan, H Li, HT Arab, A Kirillov, O Kimes, WA Maslar, JE Li, QL AF Zhu, Hao Richter, Curt A. Zhao, Erhai Bonevich, John E. Jang, Hyuk-Jae Yuan, Hui Li, Haitao Arab, Abbas Kirillov, Oleg Kimes, William A. Maslar, James E. Li, Qiliang GP IEEE TI High Performance Bi2Se3 Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors SO 2013 71ST ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) SE IEEE Device Research Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 71st Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE HO Univ Notre Dame ID TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS C1 [Zhu, Hao; Richter, Curt A.; Jang, Hyuk-Jae; Yuan, Hui; Li, Haitao; Kirillov, Oleg; Li, Qiliang] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Yuan, Hui; Li, Haitao; Arab, Abbas; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Zhao, Erhai] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat, Astronomy & Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Bonevich, John E.] Natl Inst Standard & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kimes, William A.; Maslar, James E.] Natl Inst Standard & Technol, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Curt.Richter@nist.gov; qli6@gmu.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3770 BN 978-1-4799-0811-0; 978-1-4799-0812-7 J9 IEEE DEVICE RES CONF PY 2013 BP 161 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB8TK UT WOS:000347466000084 ER PT S AU Li, W Zhang, Q Kirillov, OA Bijesh, R Liang, Y Mohata, D Tian, B Liang, X Datta, S Richter, CA Gundlach, DJ Nguyen, NV AF Li, W. Zhang, Q. Kirillov, O. A. Bijesh, R. Liang, Y. Mohata, D. Tian, B. Liang, X. Datta, S. Richter, C. A. Gundlach, D. J. Nguyen, N. V. GP IEEE TI Complete Band Alignment Determination of InAs-GaSb Broken-Gap Tunneling Field-effect Transistor Hetero-Junction SO 2013 71ST ANNUAL DEVICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE (DRC) SE IEEE Device Research Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 71st Device Research Conference (DRC) CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE HO Univ Notre Dame C1 [Li, W.; Zhang, Q.; Kirillov, O. A.; Richter, C. A.; Gundlach, D. J.; Nguyen, N. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, W.; Liang, Y.; Tian, B.; Liang, X.] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nano Devices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Bijesh, R.; Mohata, D.; Datta, S.] Univ Penn, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1548-3770 BN 978-1-4799-0811-0; 978-1-4799-0812-7 J9 IEEE DEVICE RES CONF PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB8TK UT WOS:000347466000004 ER PT S AU Harris, GL AF Harris, Georgia L. GP ASEE TI Incorporating Adult Learning Methods and Project Based Learning in Laboratory Metrology Courses SO 2013 ASEE ANNUAL CONFERENCE SE ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASEE Annual Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP ASEE AB Measurement scientists work in calibration laboratories throughout the world. Yet, there are few university level courses available that cover the critical topics needed for performing and analyzing precision measurements - at the desired level. Many continuing education courses of this nature are taught by National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of precision measuring equipment and measurement standards. What often happens in the measurement community is that subject matter experts and scientists who best know about measurements are asked to teach courses and tutorials, but most do not have a background in educational models or adult education principles. Over the past 3 years, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) - has been providing train the trainer and adult education courses and opportunities to our subject matter experts to help them better analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate our technical training content. The goal has been to enable students to achieve a higher level of cognition on the Bloom's Taxonomy scale (e.g., application versus knowledge). Highlights of the key resources that have been incorporated into the instructional design process are presented as potentially useful for the professional development of instructors this is particularly useful for instructors without a background in educational theories and models. Some highlights of instructional design concepts are covered in one section to provide value added for those who do not have formal training or education in educational concepts. This paper also provides case study examples focused on laboratory metrology. The case study design integrates learning objectives, activities, assessment methods, and adult learning to create effective project based learning activities and a case study in a Fundamentals of Metrology course. The activities and examples used in the course and shared in this paper illustrate some of the essential knowledge and skills needed by measurement professionals and those engineers who interact with calibration staff to better perform and/or analyze precision measurements. These examples, and portions of the case study, have been implemented in a training laboratory, as well as in non-laboratory conference center classrooms, and could easily be implemented with varying and limited resources in engineering courses. C1 [Harris, Georgia L.] NIST, Lab Metrol Grp, Off Weights & Measures, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harris, GL (reprint author), NIST, Lab Metrol Grp, Off Weights & Measures, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC ENGINEERING EDUCATION PI WASHINGTON PA 1818 N STREET, NW SUITE 600, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2153-5965 J9 ASEE ANNU CONF EXPO PY 2013 PG 22 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BE7HA UT WOS:000375255604030 ER PT J AU Bagci, T Simonsen, A Zeuthen, E Taylor, JM Villanueva, LG Schmid, S Sorensen, A Schliesser, A Usami, K Polzik, ES AF Bagci, T. Simonsen, A. Zeuthen, E. Taylor, J. M. Villanueva, L. G. Schmid, S. Sorensen, A. Schliesser, A. Usami, K. Polzik, E. S. GP IEEE TI Optical Readout of Coupling Between a Nanomembrane and an LC Circuit at Room Temperature SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; OSCILLATOR C1 [Bagci, T.; Simonsen, A.; Zeuthen, E.; Sorensen, A.; Schliesser, A.; Usami, K.; Polzik, E. S.] Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD USA. [Villanueva, L. G.; Schmid, S.] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Micro & Nanotechnol, DTU Nanotech, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Bagci, T (reprint author), Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316300624 ER PT J AU Del'Haye, P Cole, DC Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Del'Haye, Pascal Cole, Daniel C. Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Pulse-Picked Octave-Spanning Microresonator-Based Frequency Comb for Optical Self-Referencing SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY ID GENERATION C1 [Del'Haye, Pascal; Cole, Daniel C.; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Del'Haye, P (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316302007 ER PT J AU Giustina, M Mech, A Ramelow, S Wittmann, B Kofler, J Beyer, J Lita, A Calkins, B Gerrits, T Nam, SW Ursin, R Zeilinger, A AF Giustina, M. Mech, A. Ramelow, S. Wittmann, B. Kofler, J. Beyer, J. Lita, A. Calkins, B. Gerrits, T. Nam, S. W. Ursin, R. Zeilinger, A. GP IEEE TI Bell violation with entangled photons, free of the fair-sampling assumption SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Giustina, M.; Mech, A.; Ramelow, S.; Wittmann, B.; Kofler, J.; Ursin, R.; Zeilinger, A.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. [Giustina, M.; Mech, A.; Ramelow, S.; Wittmann, B.; Zeilinger, A.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Quantum Opt, Quantum Nanophys,Quantum Informat, Vienna, Austria. [Kofler, J.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt MPQ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Beyer, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Lita, A.; Calkins, B.; Gerrits, T.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Giustina, M (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, Boltzmanngasse 3, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301417 ER PT J AU Huber, T Predojevic, A Jezek, M Foger, D Solomon, GS Filip, R Weihs, G AF Huber, Tobias Predojevic, Ana Jezek, Miroslav Foeger, Daniel Solomon, Glenn S. Filip, Radim Weihs, Gregor GP IEEE TI Experimental test of the robustness of the non-classicality of single photons SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Huber, Tobias; Predojevic, Ana; Foeger, Daniel; Weihs, Gregor] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Jezek, Miroslav; Filip, Radim] Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Huber, T (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Predojevic, Ana/D-5884-2014 OI Predojevic, Ana/0000-0003-1840-0830 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301398 ER PT J AU Mennea, PL Calkins, B Metcalf, BJ Gerrits, T Lita, AE Gates, JC Kolthammer, WS Spring, JB Humphries, PC Tomlin, NA Fox, AE Linares, AL Mirin, RP Nam, SW Walmsley, IA Smith, PGR AF Mennea, P. L. Calkins, B. Metcalf, B. J. Gerrits, T. Lita, A. E. Gates, J. C. Kolthammer, W. S. Spring, J. B. Humphries, P. C. Tomlin, N. A. Fox, A. E. Linares, A. Lamas Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. Walmsley, I. A. Smith, P. G. R. GP IEEE TI High-efficiency Bragg Grating Enhanced On-chip Photon-number-resolving Detectors SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Mennea, P. L.; Gates, J. C.; Smith, P. G. R.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. [Calkins, B.; Gerrits, T.; Lita, A. E.; Tomlin, N. A.; Fox, A. E.; Linares, A. Lamas; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Metcalf, B. J.; Kolthammer, W. S.; Spring, J. B.; Humphries, P. C.; Walmsley, I. A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Mennea, PL (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO9 5NH, Hants, England. RI Smith, Peter/D-5951-2016 OI Smith, Peter/0000-0003-0319-718X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301383 ER PT J AU Nam, S Calkins, B Gerritts, T Harrington, S Lita, AE Marsili, F Verma, VB Vayshenker, I Mirin, RP Shaw, M Farr, W Stern, JA AF Nam, S. Calkins, B. Gerritts, T. Harrington, S. Lita, A. E. Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Vayshenker, I. Mirin, R. P. Shaw, M. Farr, W. Stern, J. A. GP IEEE TI Superconducting single photon detectors SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Nam, S.; Calkins, B.; Gerritts, T.; Harrington, S.; Lita, A. E.; Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Vayshenker, I.; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, M.; Farr, W.; Stern, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nam, S (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301692 ER PT J AU Newbury, NR Zolot, A Baumann, E Coddington, I Giorgetta, F Rieker, G Sinclair, L Swann, W AF Newbury, Nathan R. Zolot, Alex Baumann, Esther Coddington, Ian Giorgetta, Fabrizio Rieker, Greg Sinclair, Laura Swann, William GP IEEE TI Precision Metrology with Coherent Dual Frequency Combs SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY ID SPECTROSCOPY C1 [Newbury, Nathan R.; Zolot, Alex; Baumann, Esther; Coddington, Ian; Giorgetta, Fabrizio; Rieker, Greg; Sinclair, Laura; Swann, William] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316300618 ER PT J AU Papp, SB Del'Haye, P Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Del'Haye, Pascal Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Microresonator frequency combs SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Del'Haye, Pascal; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301470 ER PT J AU Predojevic, A Huber, T Jezek, M Jayakumar, H Kauten, T Solomon, GS Filip, R Weihs, G AF Predojevic, A. Huber, T. Jezek, M. Jayakumar, H. Kauten, T. Solomon, G. S. Filip, R. Weihs, G. GP IEEE TI Single quantum dots as photon pair emitters SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Predojevic, A.; Huber, T.; Jayakumar, H.; Kauten, T.; Weihs, G.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Jezek, M.; Filip, R.] Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Solomon, G. S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Predojevic, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Technikerstr 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Predojevic, Ana/D-5884-2014 OI Predojevic, Ana/0000-0003-1840-0830 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301323 ER PT J AU Rolland, A Fortier, T Diddams, SA AF Rolland, Antoine Fortier, Tara Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Octave-spanning Ti:Sapphire laser with repetition rate > 4 GHz SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Rolland, Antoine] Inst Phys Rennes, Dept Opt, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Rolland, Antoine; Fortier, Tara; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rolland, A (reprint author), Inst Phys Rennes, Dept Opt, Campus Beaulieu, F-35042 Rennes, France. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301467 ER PT J AU Vogl, U Glasser, RT Lett, PD AF Vogl, U. Glasser, R. T. Lett, P. D. GP IEEE TI Bipartite Quantum Correlations in a Fast-Light Medium Generated with Four-Wave-Mixing in Rubidium Vapour SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Vogl, U.; Glasser, R. T.; Lett, P. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogl, U.; Glasser, R. T.; Lett, P. D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogl, U.; Glasser, R. T.; Lett, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogl, U (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301431 ER PT J AU Wang, CY Herr, T Del'Haye, P Schliesser, A Holzwarth, R Hansch, TW Picque, N Kippenberg, TJ AF Wang, C. Y. Herr, T. Del'Haye, P. Schliesser, A. Holzwarth, R. Haensch, T. W. Picque, N. Kippenberg, T. J. GP IEEE TI Low phase-noise mid-infrared frequency combs based on microresonators SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON AND INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS EUROPE (CLEO EUROPE/IQEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-IQEC) CY MAY 12-16, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY C1 [Wang, C. Y.; Herr, T.; Schliesser, A.; Kippenberg, T. J.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Wang, C. Y.; Del'Haye, P.; Schliesser, A.; Holzwarth, R.; Haensch, T. W.; Picque, N.] Max Planck Inst Quantum Opt, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Holzwarth, R.] Menlo Syst GmbH, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany. [Haensch, T. W.; Picque, N.] Univ Munich, Fak Phys, D-80799 Munich, Germany. [Picque, N.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Sci Mol Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Del'Haye, P.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, CY (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0594-2 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC7XU UT WOS:000355316301469 ER PT S AU Agha, I Ates, S Gulinatti, A Rech, I Badoloato, A Srinivasan, K AF Agha, Imad Ates, Serkan Gulinatti, Angelo Rech, Ivan Badoloato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Temporal filtering via amplitude modulation to improve quantum dot single photon sources SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB Starting with a single InAs quantum dot in a fiber-coupled microdisk cavity, we demonstrate significant improvement in both indistinguishibility and purity of the single photon emission by employing temporal filtering via synchronized amplitude modulation. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Agha, Imad; Ates, Serkan; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agha, Imad; Ates, Serkan] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gulinatti, Angelo; Rech, Ivan] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Badoloato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Agha, I (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI GULINATTI, ANGELO/F-1335-2010 OI GULINATTI, ANGELO/0000-0001-6701-9126 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505005 ER PT S AU Ates, S Agha, I Gulinatti, A Rech, I Rakher, MT Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Ates, Serkan Agha, Imad Gulinatti, Angelo Rech, Ivan Rakher, Matthew T. Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Erasing spectral distinguishability in quantum dot based single photon sources using quantum frequency conversion SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB Using background-free quantum frequency conversion, two spectrally separate excitonic transitions from a single semiconductor quantum dot are converted to a single wavelength, and two-photon interference on the frequency-converted signal is demonstrated. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Ates, Serkan; Agha, Imad; Rakher, Matthew T.; Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ates, Serkan; Agha, Imad] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gulinatti, Angelo; Rech, Ivan] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron & Informaz, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Ates, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serkan.ates@nist.gov RI GULINATTI, ANGELO/F-1335-2010 OI GULINATTI, ANGELO/0000-0001-6701-9126 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505006 ER PT S AU Becerra, FE Fan, J Baumgartner, G Goldhar, J Kosloski, JT Migdall, A AF Becerra, F. E. Fan, J. Baumgartner, G. Goldhar, J. Kosloski, J. T. Migdall, A. GP IEEE TI Beating the Standard Quantum Limit for Nonorthogonal Multi-State Discrimination SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a quantum receiver that discriminates four nonorthogonal states with error probabilities below the standard quantum limit (SQL) for a wide range of input powers and as much as 6 dB below the SQL. C1 [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baumgartner, G.; Kosloski, J. T.] Lab Telecommun Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goldhar, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Becerra, FE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fbecerra@umd.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262504290 ER PT S AU Bollinger, JJ Britton, JW Sawyer, BC AF Bollinger, John J. Britton, Joseph W. Sawyer, Brian C. GP IEEE TI Quantum simulation and many-body physics with hundreds of trapped ions SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID PLASMAS; SPINS AB By employing forces that depend on the internal electronic state (or spin) of an atomic ion, the Coulomb potential energy of a trapped ion crystal can be modified in a spin-dependent way to mimic effective quantum spin Hamiltonians. We use simple models to explain how effective Ising interactions are engineered with trapped-ion crystals. We discuss the range of interactions that can be readily generated and an experimental implementation using single-plane ion crystals in a Penning trap. C1 [Bollinger, John J.; Britton, Joseph W.; Sawyer, Brian C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bollinger, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.bollinger@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505272 ER PT S AU Calkins, B Mennea, PL Lita, AE Metcalf, BJ Kolthammer, WS Linares, AL Spring, JB Humphreys, PC Mirin, RP Gates, JC Smith, PGR Walmsley, IA Gerrits, T Nam, SW AF Calkins, Brice Mennea, Paolo L. Lita, Adriana E. Metcalf, Benjamin J. Kolthammer, W. Steven Linares, Antia Lamas Spring, Justin B. Humphreys, Peter C. Mirin, Richard P. Gates, James C. Smith, Peter G. R. Walmsley, Ian A. Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo GP IEEE TI High quantum efficiency photon-number-resolving detector for photonic on-chip information processing SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a high-efficiency, photon-number resolving transition edge sensor, integrated on an optical silica waveguide structure. The detector consists of three individual absorber/sensor devices providing a total system detection efficiency of up to 93% for single photons at a wavelength of 1551.9 nm. This new design enables high fidelity detection of quantum information processes in on-chip platforms. C1 [Calkins, Brice; Lita, Adriana E.; Linares, Antia Lamas; Mirin, Richard P.; Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Metcalf, Benjamin J.; Kolthammer, W. Steven; Spring, Justin B.; Humphreys, Peter C.; Walmsley, Ian A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. [Mennea, Paolo L.; Gates, James C.; Smith, Peter G. R.] Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Highfield SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. RP Calkins, B (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerrits@boulder.nist.gov RI Smith, Peter/D-5951-2016 OI Smith, Peter/0000-0003-0319-718X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505085 ER PT S AU Cole, GD Zhang, W Martin, MJ Ye, J Aspelmeyer, M AF Cole, Garrett D. Zhang, Wei Martin, Michael J. Ye, Jun Aspelmeyer, Markus GP IEEE TI Crystalline coatings for ultra-low-noise optical cavities SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate substrate-transferred crystalline coatings, based on epitaxial Bragg mirrors directly-bonded to fused silica, exhibiting an unprecedented tenfold reduction in Brownian noise. These mirrors promise a significant advancement in the performance of precision optical interferometers. C1 [Cole, Garrett D.] Crystalline Mirror Solut GmbH, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Cole, Garrett D.; Aspelmeyer, Markus] Univ Vienna, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Zhang, Wei; Martin, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Wei; Martin, Michael J.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cole, GD (reprint author), Crystalline Mirror Solut GmbH, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. EM garrett.cole@univie.ac.at RI Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503236 ER PT S AU Davanco, M Chan, J Safavi-Naeini, AH Painter, O Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Chan, Jasper Safavi-Naeini, Amir H. Painter, Oskar Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Si3N4 nanobeam optomechanical crystals SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS AB We demonstrate sideband-resolved Si3N4 optomechanical crystals supporting 10(5) quality factor optical modes at 980 nm, coupled to GHz frequency mechanical modes. We also develop slot-mode-based geometries for enhanced optomechanical coupling and multimode applications. (C) 2011 Optical Society of America C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo; Chan, Jasper; Safavi-Naeini, Amir H.; Painter, Oskar] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Sr Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503171 ER PT S AU Del'Haye, P Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Del'Haye, Pascal Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Hybrid Electro-Optic Microcombs and Frequency Domain Analysis of Modelocking in Microresonators SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID COMB GENERATION; RESONATOR; CHIP AB We present a hybrid electro-optically modulated microcomb system for stabilization of frequency comb repetition rates beyond 100 GHz at the 10(-15) level. Moreover, we present frequency domain measurements on mode-locked states in microrod resonators. C1 [Del'Haye, Pascal; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Del'Haye, P (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502133 ER PT S AU Fortier, TM Quinlan, F Hati, A Nelson, C Taylor, JA Fu, Y Campbell, J Diddams, SA AF Fortier, Tara M. Quinlan, Franklyn Hati, Archita Nelson, Craig Taylor, Jennifer A. Fu, Yang Campbell, Joe Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Low Noise Microwave Generation with High Power, High Linearity Photodiodes SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We use modified uni-traveling carrier photodetectors in conjunction with a Ti:sapphire-based optical frequency divider to generate 10 GHz microwaves with +14 dBm power, <3 fs absolute timing jitter and phase noise floors of -177 dBc/Hz. C1 [Fortier, Tara M.; Quinlan, Franklyn; Hati, Archita; Nelson, Craig; Taylor, Jennifer A.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fu, Yang; Campbell, Joe] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fortier@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262501111 ER PT S AU Gansen, EJ Harrington, SD Nehls, JM Rowe, MA Etzel, SM Nam, SW Mirin, RP AF Gansen, Eric J. Harrington, Sean D. Nehls, John M. Rowe, Mary A. Etzel, Shelley M. Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. GP IEEE TI Operating Temperature Dependence of QDOGFET Single-Photon Detectors SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; QUANTUM-DOT AB To date, QDOGFETs (quantum dot, optically gated, field-effect transistors) have only been shown to be single-photon sensitive when cooled to 4 K. Here, we show that QDOGFETs can sense single photons at temperatures approaching 40 K. C1 [Gansen, Eric J.; Harrington, Sean D.; Nehls, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Rowe, Mary A.; Etzel, Shelley M.; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gansen, EJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, 1725 State St, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. EM egansen@uwiax.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505090 ER PT S AU Gerrits, T Marsili, F Verma, VB Stevens, MJ Stern, JA Shaw, M Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Gerrits, T. Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Stevens, M. J. Stern, J. A. Shaw, M. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI Joint Spectral Measurements at the Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference Dip SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We employed a 2-channel single-photon detection system with high detection efficiency and low jitter to characterize the joint spectral probability distribution of correlated photons emerging from a Hong-Ou-Mandel interference arrangement. The high detection efficiency allows simultaneous measurement of all frequency components emerging from the source. The results show that the photons show an evolution from bunching to anti-bunching by the entangling beamsplitter of the HOM interferometer. C1 [Gerrits, T.; Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Stevens, M. J.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Gerrits@boulder.nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262504009 ER PT S AU Glebov, BL Fan, J Migdall, A AF Glebov, B. L. Fan, J. Migdall, A. GP IEEE TI Generation of Photon-Number States Using Repetitive Parametric Downconversion and Conditional Measurement SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB In a Monte Carlo simulation, we feedback with conditional measurements and a multiple-step spontaneous parametric downconversion process to generate number-squeezed photonic states with sub-Poissonian variance. A 12 photon state is demonstrated with a success rate of 30%. C1 [Glebov, B. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glebov, BL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM boris.glebov@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505148 ER PT S AU Glover, TE Fritz, DM Cammarata, M Allison, TK Coh, S Feldkamp, JM Lemke, H Zhu, D Feng, Y Coffee, RN Fuchs, M Ghimire, S Chen, J Shwartz, S Reis, DA Harris, SE Hastings, JB AF Glover, T. E. Fritz, D. M. Cammarata, M. Allison, T. K. Coh, Sinisa Feldkamp, J. M. Lemke, H. Zhu, D. Feng, Y. Coffee, R. N. Fuchs, M. Ghimire, S. Chen, J. Shwartz, S. Reis, D. A. Harris, S. E. Hastings, J. B. GP IEEE TI X-ray / Optical Sum Frequency Generation SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We report observation of x-ray and optical sum frequency generation. An ultrafast optical pulse drives charge oscillations to the chemical bonds in diamond. A co-propagating x-ray pulse probes the accompanying atomic-scale chemical bond distortion. C1 [Glover, T. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glover, T. E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fritz, D. M.; Feldkamp, J. M.; Lemke, H.; Zhu, D.; Feng, Y.; Coffee, R. N.; Hastings, J. B.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Cammarata, M.] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Inst Phys Rennes, UMR 6251, Rennes, France. [Allison, T. K.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Allison, T. K.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coh, Sinisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Coh, Sinisa] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fuchs, M.; Ghimire, S.; Chen, J.] PULSE Inst, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Chen, J.; Shwartz, S.; Reis, D. A.; Harris, S. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Reis, D. A.] Stanford Univ, Dept Photon Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Harris, S. E.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Glover, TE (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, MS2-445a, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM teglover@lbl.gov RI Lemke, Henrik Till/N-7419-2016 OI Lemke, Henrik Till/0000-0003-1577-8643 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262504305 ER PT S AU Goldschmidt, EA Polyakov, SV Migdall, A Peters, S Kuck, S Piacentini, F Berchera, IR Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M AF Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A. Polyakov, Sergey V. Migdall, Alan Peters, Silke Kueck, Stefan Piacentini, Fabrizio Berchera, Ivano Ruo Brida, Giorgio Degiovanni, Ivo P. Genovese, Marco GP IEEE TI Mode reconstruction by multi-photon statistics SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB Knowing the mode structure of light aids in minimizing loss and decoherence of quantum information. We present and experimentally implement reconstruction of the mode distributions of classical and non-classical light using measured photon number distributions. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Goldschmidt, Elizabeth A.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peters, Silke; Kueck, Stefan] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Piacentini, Fabrizio; Berchera, Ivano Ruo; Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo P.; Genovese, Marco] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM egolds@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262504294 ER PT S AU Hamel, DR Shalm, LK Hubel, H Yan, ZZ Simon, C Resch, KJ Jennewein, T AF Hamel, Deny R. Shalm, Lynden K. Huebel, Hannes Yan, Zhizhong Simon, Christoph Resch, Kevin J. Jennewein, Thomas GP IEEE TI Entangled Photon Triplets SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate entangled photon triplets from cascaded downconversion. First, we establish the presence of tripartite energy-time entanglement using a new entanglement criterion. Then we show a new source of three photon polarization GHZ states, verifying its quality with an entanglement witness. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Hamel, Deny R.; Shalm, Lynden K.; Huebel, Hannes; Yan, Zhizhong; Resch, Kevin J.; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Hamel, Deny R.; Shalm, Lynden K.; Huebel, Hannes; Yan, Zhizhong; Resch, Kevin J.; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Shalm, Lynden K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Huebel, Hannes] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Simon, Christoph] Univ Calgary, Inst Quantum Informat Sci, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Simon, Christoph] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. RP Hamel, DR (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM drhamel@uwaterloo.ca RI Hamel, Deny/C-7071-2017 OI Hamel, Deny/0000-0002-4788-7548 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505149 ER PT S AU Hunter, AE Willits, JT Cundiff, ST AF Hunter, Andrew E. Willits, John T. Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Optical Delay with a Line-by-Line Resolution Pulse Shaper SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID IMAGED PHASED-ARRAY; DISPERSION AB We demonstrate an optical delay line using a virtually imaged phased-array (VIPA) pulse shaper, producing time delays in discrete steps of 40 ps over the full repetition period of the laser. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Hunter, Andrew E.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hunter, AE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502067 ER PT S AU Josh, SK Chia, CM Leong, QX Lamas-Linares, A Nam, SW Kurtsiefer, C AF Josh, Siddarth Koduru Chia, Chen Ming Leong, Qixiang Lamas-Linares, Antia Nam, Sae Woo Kurtsiefer, Christian GP IEEE TI Towards a loophole free Bell test SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB Using a highly efficient (74%) PPKTP source of narrowband polarization entangled photon pairs (as measured with TES detectors) together with a fast polarization modulator (11 ns) we should be capable of a loophole free Bell test (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Josh, Siddarth Koduru; Chia, Chen Ming; Kurtsiefer, Christian] Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Quantum Technol, Singapore 117543, Singapore. [Leong, Qixiang; Kurtsiefer, Christian] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore. [Lamas-Linares, Antia; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Josh, SK (reprint author), Natl Univ Singapore, Ctr Quantum Technol, Block S15,02-05,3 Sci Dr 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore. EM Siddarthj@gmail.com; Phyck@nus.edu.sg NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262504326 ER PT S AU Kumar, R Ong, JR Srinivasan, K Mookherjea, S AF Kumar, Ranjeet Ong, Jun Rong Srinivasan, Kartik Mookherjea, Shayan GP IEEE TI Wide-span and thermoelectrically-tunable photon pairs from a silicon nanophotonic chip SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID WAVE-GUIDES; GENERATION; RESONATOR AB We demonstrate tunable-wavelength, high-brightness photon pairs in multiple lines of a frequency comb, giving the capability to generate photon pairs at arbitrary telecommunications-band wavelengths from a compact CMOS-compatible silicon chip. C1 [Kumar, Ranjeet; Ong, Jun Rong; Mookherjea, Shayan] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumar, R (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Mail Code 0407, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM rkumar@eng.ucsd.edu; j5ong@ucsd.edu; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov; smookherjea@ucsd.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262501161 ER PT S AU Kuo, PS Pelc, JS Slattery, O Kim, YS Fejer, MM Tang, X AF Kuo, Paulina S. Pelc, Jason S. Slattery, Oliver Kim, Yong-Su Fejer, M. M. Tang, Xiao GP IEEE TI Efficient, low-noise, single-photon frequency conversion SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID UP-CONVERSION AB We demonstrate simultaneous low-noise and efficient frequency conversion in a periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide with spectral filtering. We achieve >50% external conversion efficiency and 600 noise counts per second at peak conversion. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slattery, Oliver; Kim, Yong-Su; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pelc, Jason S.; Fejer, M. M.] Stanford Univ, EL Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503349 ER PT S AU Lee, CC Schibli, TR AF Lee, C-C Schibli, T. R. GP IEEE TI High-Bandwidth, Single-Pole Control of Intracavity Power in a Mode-Locked Laser Based on Co-Doped Gain Medium SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID FREQUENCY COMB; PHASE NOISE AB An intracavity, low-insertion-loss graphene electro-optic modulator enables more than two orders of magnitude higher bandwidth for modulating the intracavity power in a laser based on co-doped gain medium than traditional pump power modulation. C1 [Lee, C-C; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502151 ER PT S AU Li, HB Moody, G Kira, M Cundiff, ST AF Li, Hebin Moody, Galan Kira, Mackillo Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Many-body interactions in GaAs quantum wells studied by pre-pulse 2DFT spectroscopy SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We report a 2DFT spectroscopic study of many-body interactions in a GaAs quantum well sample optically excited by a pre-pulse. The 2D spectra reveal quantitative information about the many-body states prepared with various pre-pulse intensities. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kira, Mackillo] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Li, HB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505225 ER PT S AU Liu, YX Davanco, M Aksyuk, V Srinivasan, K AF Liu, Yuxiang Davanco, Marcelo Aksyuk, Vladimir Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Electromagnetically induced transparency and wavelength conversion in Si3N4 microdisk optomechanical resonators SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS AB We demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency and wavelength conversion between 980 nm and 1300 nm bands in Si3N4 microdisk optomechanical resonators, through radiation pressure coupling of multiple high-Q optical modes with a mechanical mode. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Yuxiang; Davanco, Marcelo; Aksyuk, Vladimir; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yuxiang] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuxiang.liu@nist.gov; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503116 ER PT S AU Long, DA Truong, GW Douglass, KO Maxwell, SE van Zee, RD Plusquellic, DF Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Truong, G. -W. Douglass, K. O. Maxwell, S. E. van Zee, R. D. Plusquellic, D. F. Hodges, J. T. GP IEEE TI Frequency-Agile, Rapid Scanning Spectroscopy for Ultrasensitive Absorption Measurements SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We report a method for rapidly scanning a cw-laser through optical cavity resonances. This technique involves a microwave source and an electro-optic phase modulator, giving high sensitivity, wide tunability and fast acquisition rates. C1 [Long, D. A.; Truong, G. -W.; Douglass, K. O.; Maxwell, S. E.; van Zee, R. D.; Plusquellic, D. F.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Truong, G. -W.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Phys, Frequency Stand & Metrol Res Grp, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503071 ER PT S AU Marsili, F Verma, VB Stern, JA Harrington, S Lita, AE Gerrits, T Vayshenker, I Baek, B Shaw, MD Miller, AJ Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Stern, J. A. Harrington, S. Lita, A. E. Gerrits, T. Vayshenker, I. Baek, B. Shaw, M. D. Miller, A. J. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors with High System Detection Efficiency at Telecom Wavelengths SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We report on a fiber-coupled eight-channel single-photon-detection system employing superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) based on amorphous tungsten silicide (WSi) with system detection efficiency ranging from 81 to 89 % at 1550 nm wavelength. C1 [Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Harrington, S.; Lita, A. E.; Gerrits, T.; Vayshenker, I.; Baek, B.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Miller, A. J.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. RP Marsili, F (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM francesco.marsili@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262504015 ER PT S AU Marsili, F Verma, VB Stevens, MJ Stern, JA Shaw, MD Miller, AJ Schwarzer, D Wodtke, A Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Stevens, M. J. Stern, J. A. Shaw, M. D. Miller, A. J. Schwarzer, D. Wodtke, A. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI Mid-Infrared Single-Photon Detection with Tungsten Silicide Superconducting Nanowires SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We developed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) based on tungsten silicide (WSi), that show saturated internal detection efficiency from 2.1 to 5.5 mu m wavelength. C1 [Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Stevens, M. J.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Miller, A. J.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Schwarzer, D.; Wodtke, A.] Max Planck Inst Biophys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RP Marsili, F (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM francesco.marsili@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502283 ER PT S AU Miaja, L Bennett, D Cromer, C Dowell, M Doriese, WB Fowler, J Horansky, R O'Neil, G Reintsema, C Silverman, K Schmidt, D Swetz, D Uhlig, J Ullom, J Yoon, Z Jimenez, R Marvel, R Haglund, R Sundstrom, V AF Miaja, L. Bennett, D. Cromer, C. Dowell, M. Doriese, W. B. Fowler, J. Horansky, R. O'Neil, G. Reintsema, C. Silverman, K. Schmidt, D. Swetz, D. Uhlig, J. Ullom, J. Yoon, Z. Jimenez, R. Marvel, R. Haglund, R. Sundstrom, V. GP IEEE TI Sub-picosecond, table-top x-ray absorption spectroscopy using superconducting microcalorimeters SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID TRANSITION AB We present time-resolved X-ray absorption measurements of vanadium dioxide using ionizations radiation generated by a femtosecond pulsed laser source in combination with superconducting microcalorimeters capable of measuring energies of individual radiation quanta. C1 [Miaja, L.; Bennett, D.; Cromer, C.; Dowell, M.; Doriese, W. B.; Fowler, J.; Horansky, R.; O'Neil, G.; Reintsema, C.; Silverman, K.; Schmidt, D.; Swetz, D.; Uhlig, J.; Ullom, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yoon, Z.; Jimenez, R.] JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Marvel, R.; Haglund, R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Sundstrom, V.] Dept Chem Phys, Lund, Sweden. RP Miaja, L (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM miaja@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505188 ER PT S AU Moody, G Singh, R Li, H Akimov, IA Bayer, M Reuter, D Wieck, AD Bracker, AS Gammon, D Cundiff, ST AF Moody, G. Singh, R. Li, H. Akimov, I. A. Bayer, M. Reuter, D. Wieck, A. D. Bracker, A. S. Gammon, D. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Confinement Effects on Biexciton Binding in Semiconductor Quantum Dots Measured with 2D Coherent Spectroscopy SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB Two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy on a series of quantum dot samples with different morphology reveals that biexciton binding is independent of the details of confinement in InAs dots, in contrast to the behavior in GaAs dots. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Akimov, I. A.; Bayer, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Expt Phys 2, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Akimov, I. A.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Reuter, D.; Wieck, A. D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Angew Festkoerperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Bracker, A. S.; Gammon, D.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Moody, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505062 ER PT S AU Nardin, G Singh, R Autry, TM Moody, G Li, HB Morier-Genoud, F Cundiff, ST AF Nardin, Gael Singh, Rohan Autry, Travis M. Moody, Galan Li, Hebin Morier-Genoud, Francois Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Coupling in InGaAs Double Quantum Wells Studied with 2D Fourier Transform Spectroscopy SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We study asymmetric double InGaAs quantum well samples, featuring three different barrier widths, using optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. Depending on the barrier width, we observe different coupling mechanisms between the two wells. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Nardin, Gael; Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardin, Gael; Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morier-Genoud, Francois] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Optoelect Quant, Stn 3, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Nardin, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011 OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505014 ER PT S AU Papp, SB Del'Haye, P Cole, D Diddams, SA AF Papp, Scott B. Del'Haye, Pascal Cole, Daniel Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Coherent control of microresonator comb generation via parametric-gain seeding SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID FREQUENCY COMBS; CHIP AB We discuss coherent control of parametric frequency-comb generation in microresonators. Pumping a microresonator with multiple optical frequencies enables not only robust control over the resulting comb's line spacing, but also access to low-noise comb spectra. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Papp, Scott B.; Del'Haye, Pascal; Cole, Daniel; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Papp, SB (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, 325 Broadway MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM scott.papp@nist.gov RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503237 ER PT S AU Pereira, M Becerra, F Glebov, BL Fan, J Nam, SW Migdall, A AF Pereira, M. Becerra, F. Glebov, B. L. Fan, J. Nam, S. W. Migdall, A. GP IEEE TI Demonstrating High Symmetric Single-Mode Single-Photon Heralding Efficiency in Spontaneous Parametric Downconversion SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; PODOLSKY-ROSEN EXPERIMENT; DETECTOR AB We demonstrate a symmetric, single-spatial mode, single-photon heralding efficiency of 84% for a type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion process. High efficiency, single-spatial mode collection is key to enabling many quantum information processing and quantum metrology applications. C1 [Pereira, M.; Becerra, F.; Glebov, B. L.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pereira, M.; Becerra, F.; Glebov, B. L.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Dept Fis, BR-30123970 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. [Nam, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pereira, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jfan@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505007 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Flagg, EB Thomay, T Solomon, GS AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Flagg, Edward B. Thomay, Tim Solomon, Glenn S. GP IEEE TI Time-dependent multiphoton emission from a quantum dot. SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We discuss two-time correlation experimental measurement of statistical properties of non-classical light from a single InAs quantum dot. We present a model that describes properties of a quantum dot excitation via carrier reservoirs. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Polyakov, Sergey V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503346 ER PT S AU Rey, AM AF Rey, Ana Maria GP IEEE TI Exploring non-equilibrium many-body physics with alkaline earth atoms and polar molecules SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA C1 [Rey, Ana Maria] NIST, JILA, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505283 ER PT S AU Seaberg, MD Zhang, BS Shaw, J Gardner, DF Adams, DE Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Seaberg, Matthew D. Zhang, Bosheng Shaw, Justin Gardner, Dennis F. Adams, Daniel E. Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. GP IEEE TI Keyhole Coherent Diffraction Imaging of an Extended Transparent Sample Using Curved Multilayer Mirrors SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We use keyhole coherent diffraction imaging to gain similar to 20x increase in flux and fully characterize the illumination, allowing us to image a semi-transparent sample in amplitude and phase. This capability is important for x-ray microscopes. C1 [Seaberg, Matthew D.; Zhang, Bosheng; Gardner, Dennis F.; Adams, Daniel E.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Seaberg, Matthew D.; Zhang, Bosheng; Gardner, Dennis F.; Adams, Daniel E.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shaw, Justin] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Seaberg, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.seaberg@colorado.edu RI Zhang, Bosheng/F-6122-2016 OI Zhang, Bosheng/0000-0001-7027-833X NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502065 ER PT S AU Shahrokhshahi, R Sridhar, N Pfister, O Guha, S Habif, J Miller, A Lita, A Calkins, B Gerrits, T Lamas-Linares, A Nam, SW AF Shahrokhshahi, Reihaneh Sridhar, Niranjan Pfister, Olivier Guha, Saikat Habif, Jonathan Miller, Aaron Lita, Adriana Calkins, Brice Gerrits, Thomas Lamas-Linares, Antia Nam, Sae Woo GP IEEE TI High Photon Information Efficient Imaging using Single Photon Source SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA C1 [Shahrokhshahi, Reihaneh; Sridhar, Niranjan; Pfister, Olivier] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Guha, Saikat; Habif, Jonathan] Raytheon BBN, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Miller, Aaron] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. [Lita, Adriana; Calkins, Brice; Gerrits, Thomas; Lamas-Linares, Antia; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shahrokhshahi, R (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505009 ER PT S AU Shaw, MD Stern, JA Birnbaum, K Srinivasan, M Cheng, M Quirk, K Biswas, A Marsili, F Verma, VB Mirin, RP Nam, SW Farr, WH AF Shaw, M. D. Stern, J. A. Birnbaum, K. Srinivasan, M. Cheng, M. Quirk, K. Biswas, A. Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. Farr, W. H. GP IEEE TI Tungsten Silicide Superconducting Nanowire Arrays for the Lunar Laser OCTL Terminal SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID DETECTOR AB We have developed 12-pixel arrays of fiber-coupled tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single photon detectors and performed end-to-end tests of a 39 Mbps pulse position modulation optical communication link with a software receiver. C1 [Shaw, M. D.; Stern, J. A.; Birnbaum, K.; Srinivasan, M.; Cheng, M.; Quirk, K.; Biswas, A.; Farr, W. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaw, MD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM matthew.d.shaw@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505091 ER PT S AU Silverman, KL Miaja-Avila, L Verma, V Mirin, RP Coleman, JJ AF Silverman, K. L. Miaja-Avila, L. Verma, V. Mirin, R. P. Coleman, J. J. GP IEEE TI Gain and Recovery Dynamics of Lithographically-Defined Quantum Dot Amplifiers SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We directly measure the optical gain and threshold current of lithographically-defined quantum dots. A peak groundstate gain of 1.8 cm(-1) is determined. We also measure the recovery dynamics of the groundstate with the device biased above and below transparency using ultrafast differential transmission spectroscopy. C1 [Silverman, K. L.; Miaja-Avila, L.; Verma, V.; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coleman, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Silverman, KL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM silverma@boulder.nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262501121 ER PT S AU Sinclair, LC Coddington, I Swann, WS Newbury, NR AF Sinclair, L. C. Coddington, I. Swann, W. S. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Stabilization of the Offset Frequency of an All Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Erbium Frequency Comb SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID LOW TIMING JITTER; LASER AB We demonstrate a completely polarization-maintaining fiber frequency comb operating at a 200 MHz repetition rate and show initial phase-locking of the carrier-envelope offset frequency. This design is compatible with a robust, fieldable frequency comb. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Sinclair, L. C.; Coddington, I.; Swann, W. S.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sinclair, LC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.sinclair@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502295 ER PT S AU Singh, R Moody, G Siemens, ME Li, H Cundiff, ST AF Singh, R. Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Li, H. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Excitonic Frequency-Frequency Correlation Functions in a GaAs Quantum Well SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY AB The frequency-frequency correlation function for excitons in a GaAs quantum well is measured using optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy and a numerical fitting procedure. We also report frequency-frequency correlation functions for biexciton and two-exciton states. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Singh, R.; Moody, G.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, R.; Moody, G.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, R.; Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Siemens, M. E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505016 ER PT S AU Singh, R Autry, TM Nardin, G Moody, G Li, HB Pierz, K Bieler, M Cundiff, ST AF Singh, Rohan Autry, Travis M. Nardin, Gael Moody, Galan Li, Hebin Pierz, Klaus Bieler, Mark Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Linewidth Anisotropy of the Heavy Hole Exciton in (110)-Oriented GaAs Quantum Wells SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY AB We report crystal-axis dependent homogeneous linewidths of the heavy hole exciton resonance in a (110)-oriented GaAs quantum well measured using two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy. The increase in homogeneous linewidth with temperature shows an activation-like behavior. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Nardin, Gael; Moody, Galan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Nardin, Gael; Moody, Galan; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Moody, Galan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pierz, Klaus; Bieler, Mark] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011 OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505226 ER PT S AU Stavis, SM AF Stavis, Samuel M. GP IEEE TI Lab on a Chip Fluorescence Measurements - from Single Biomolecules to Testing Standards SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB Faint fluorescent signals from within lab on a chip devices may be overwhelmed by autofluorescent background noise from nearby surfaces and bulk materials. This measurement challenge becomes increasingly relevant as plastic chips are commercialized and standardized. C1 NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stavis, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262501073 ER PT S AU Suh, MG Lee, H Li, J Diddams, S Vahala, K AF Suh, Myoung-Gyun Lee, Hansuek Li, Jiang Diddams, Scott Vahala, Kerry GP IEEE TI Stablization of fiber lasers using chip-based high-Q optical resonators SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB High-Q disk resonators are used to frequency stabilize two fiber lasers. The improved phase noise of the devices is measured by heterodyne detection and compared to theoretical limits set by thermo-refractive noise. C1 [Suh, Myoung-Gyun; Lee, Hansuek; Li, Jiang; Vahala, Kerry] CALTECH, Appl Phys Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diddams, Scott] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Suh, MG (reprint author), CALTECH, Appl Phys Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503238 ER PT S AU Swann, WC Giorgetta, FR Sinclair, LC Baumann, E Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Swann, William C. Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Sinclair, Laura C. Baumann, Esther Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan R. GP IEEE TI Free-Space Optical Time-Frequency Transfer Over 2 km SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID CLOCKS AB Precision free-space time-frequency transfer could advance fields where present microwave-based transfer is inadequate. We demonstrate an optical free-space link with femtosecond timing deviation and residual instability below 10(-18) at 1000 seconds. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Swann, William C.; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Sinclair, Laura C.; Baumann, Esther; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Swann, WC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM swann@boulder.nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502114 ER PT S AU Thompson, JK AF Thompson, James K. GP IEEE TI A Cold-Atom Laser with < 1 Intracavity Photon SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a cold-atom Raman laser that operates quasi-continuously with as few as 0.2 photons on average inside the cavity and with a single-atom Raman decay rate below 1 Hz. We demonstrate that the laser's coherence is primarily stored within the atoms, and consider the relationship between the Schawlow-Townes linewidth and the standard quantum limit on phase estimation using unentangled atoms. This proof-of-principle experiment may lead to novel hybrid sensors and guide the development of future ultra-stable lasers with intrinsic insensitivity to currently-limiting thermal and technical sources of cavity mirror vibration. C1 [Thompson, James K.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Thompson, James K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thompson, JK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jkt@jila.colorado.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505175 ER PT S AU Verma, VB Marsili, F Harrington, S Lita, AE Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Marsili, F. Harrington, S. Lita, A. E. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI A three-dimensional, polarization-insensitive superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS AB We measure a peak system detection efficiency (SDE) of 87.7 +/- 0.5 % and a polarization dependence of less than 2 % using vertically-stacked superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors connected electrically in parallel. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Marsili, F.; Harrington, S.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505092 ER PT S AU Xu, H Hafezi, M Fan, J Migdall, A Strouse, G Ahmed, Z Taylor, JM AF Xu, H. Hafezi, M. Fan, J. Migdall, A. Strouse, G. Ahmed, Z. Taylor, J. M. GP IEEE TI Photonic temperature sensor based on microring resonators SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We present an experimental analysis on a photonic temperature sensor based on microring resonators, and we show that the sensitivity can be better than 40 mu K, which is limited by technical noise. C1 [Xu, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xu, H (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM haitanxu@umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008; Xu, Haitan/K-4137-2012 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880; NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262502116 ER PT S AU Xu, T Agrawal, A Abashin, M Chau, K Lezec, HJ AF Xu, Ting Agrawal, Amit Abashin, Maxim Chau, Kenneth Lezec, Henri J. GP IEEE TI All-Angle Left-handed Metamaterial and Active Flat Lensing in the Ultraviolet SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We report the experimental implementation of a bulk metamaterial with an all-angle left-handed response in the ultraviolet. Using this metamaterial, we fabricate an optically switchable Veselago flat lens capable of imaging arbitrary two-dimensional objects beyond the near field. C1 [Xu, Ting; Agrawal, Amit; Abashin, Maxim; Lezec, Henri J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ting; Abashin, Maxim] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Agrawal, Amit] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Chau, Kenneth] Univ British Columbia, Sch Engn, Kelowna, BC, Canada. RP Xu, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ting.xu@nist.gov; henri.lezec@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505199 ER PT S AU Yan, RS Rafique, S Li, W Liang, XL Jena, D Liu, L Sensale-Rodriguez, B Xing, HG AF Yan, Rusen Rafique, Subrina Li, Wei Liang, Xuelei Jena, Debdeep Liu, Lei Sensale-Rodriguez, Berardi Xing, Huili Grace GP IEEE TI Tunable Graphene-based Metamaterial Terahertz Modulators SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate metamaterial-based electro-absorption THz modulators employing frequency-selective-surfaces (FSS) and graphene. By placing the graphene layer at an optimal distance from the FSS, the sensitivity of THz transmittance can be greatly enhanced. C1 [Yan, Rusen; Rafique, Subrina; Jena, Debdeep; Liu, Lei; Sensale-Rodriguez, Berardi; Xing, Huili Grace] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Li, Wei] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Wei; Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nano Devices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Yan, RS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM ryan1@nd.edu; hxing@nd.edu RI Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262501253 ER PT S AU Yu, PL Purdy, TP Cole, GD Regal, CA AF Yu, Pen-Li Purdy, Thomas P. Cole, Garrett D. Regal, Cindy A. GP IEEE TI New Directions in High-Q Optomechanical Membrane Resonators SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We study methods to improve the Q of a variety of highly-stressed resonators for cavity optomechanics. We realize ultrahigh-Q metal/Si3N4 membranes and crystalline membranes, and have begun to control external dissipation via modified support structures. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Yu, Pen-Li; Purdy, Thomas P.; Regal, Cindy A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, Pen-Li; Purdy, Thomas P.; Regal, Cindy A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, Pen-Li; Purdy, Thomas P.; Regal, Cindy A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cole, Garrett D.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. RP Yu, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yup@jila.colorado.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503177 ER PT S AU Zhai, YH Becerra-Chavez, F Glebov, B Fan, JY Nam, SW Migdall, A AF Zhai, Yanhua Becerra-Chavez, Francisco Glebov, Boris Fan, Jingyun Nam, Sae Woo Migdall, Alan GP IEEE TI Photon-number-resolved detection of photon-subtracted thermal light SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We examine the photon statistics of photon-subtracted thermal light with photon-number-resolving detection. We show the photon-number distribution transforming from a Bose-Einstein distribution to a Poisson distribution as the number of subtracted photon increases. C1 [Zhai, Yanhua; Becerra-Chavez, Francisco; Glebov, Boris; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhai, Yanhua; Becerra-Chavez, Francisco; Glebov, Boris; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhai, YH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yanhuazhai@gmail.com NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262505270 ER PT S AU Zheng, JJ Li, Y Goldberg, N McDonald, M Hati, A Lu, M Strauf, S Zelevinsky, T Howe, DA Wong, CW AF Zheng, Jiangjun Li, Ying Goldberg, Noam McDonald, Mickey Hati, Archita Lu, Ming Strauf, Stefan Zelevinsky, Tanya Howe, David A. Wong, Chee Wei GP IEEE TI Feedback locking of slot-type optomechanical oscillators to external low-noise reference clocks SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrated feedback and harmonic locking of chip-scale slot-type optomechanical oscillators to external low-noise reference clocks, with suppressed timing jitter by three orders of magnitude at close-to-carrier offset frequencies. C1 [Zheng, Jiangjun; Li, Ying; Goldberg, Noam; Wong, Chee Wei] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [McDonald, Mickey; Zelevinsky, Tanya] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY USA. [Hati, Archita; Howe, David A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Lu, Ming] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Strauf, Stefan] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Phys & Engn Phys, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. RP Zheng, JJ (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM jz2356@columbia.edu; cww2104@columbia.edu RI Strauf, Stefan/H-1399-2016; Wong, Chee Wei/E-9169-2017 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 BN 978-1-55752-973-2 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC7WX UT WOS:000355262503173 ER PT S AU Babu, CVS Rubajini, RP Devi, KP Puvaneshwari, S AF Babu, C. V. Suresh Rubajini, R. P. Devi, K. Pooja Puvaneshwari, S. GP IEEE TI An Integrated smart system for accident - avoidance in four wheelers by using GSM and GPS Module SO 2013 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED COMPUTING (ICOAC) SE International Conference on Advanced Computing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advanced Computing (ICoAC) CY DEC 18-20, 2013 CL Anna Univ, MIT Campus, Dept Comp Technol, Chennai, INDIA SP Dhanalakshmi Coll Engn, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Grp, Easwari Engn Coll, Indian Bank, IEEE Madras Sect, Paavai Engn Coll, Minist Defence, Defence R & D Org, CDAC, DRDO, UGC, IEEE Madras Chapter HO Anna Univ, MIT Campus, Dept Comp Technol DE driver; stress; automobile; physiology; sensor; signal; recognition; classification; correlate; computer; electrocardiogram; respiration (breathing activity) AB This paper is aimed at presenting the car-integrated framework in which the validation of automobile applications as well as driver's health condition is measured using different stimuli. And additionally, the mechanical parameters are detected as engine failure, brake failure etc. It is also an essential one for both vehicle and the driver's safety measure like accident avoidance in the realistic driving conditions. Context information is important for two reasons: first, it helps to interpret driving situations during data processing. Second, we expected this information to be useful to assess the signal quality of the physiological data. C1 [Babu, C. V. Suresh] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Babu, CVS (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM babu@boulder.nist.gov; rubajini@boulder.nist.gov; devi@boulder.nist.gov; puvaneshwari@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2377-6927 BN 978-1-4799-3448-5 J9 INT CONF ADV COMPU PY 2013 BP 432 EP 438 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE0QZ UT WOS:000366639600072 ER PT S AU Marbukh, V Sayrafian-Pour, K Alasti, M AF Marbukh, V. Sayrafian-Pour, K. Alasti, Mehdi GP IEEE TI Link Layer Adaptation in Body Area Networks: Balancing Reliability and Longevity SO 2013 IEEE 24TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR, AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS (PIMRC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Workshops-PIMRC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 24th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC) CY SEP 08-11, 2013 CL London, ENGLAND SP IEEE DE body area network; reliability; link-layer adaptation AB A wireless Body Area Network (BAN) consists of multiple radio-enabled wearable and implantable sensor nodes for use inside or in proximity to the human body. BANs are expected to balance requirement for reliable communication of their nodes with a need for battery energy conservation to ensure their longevity. The main challenge in managing this tradeoff is the inability of interfering BANs to explicitly coordinate their transmissions. This may result in unacceptably high battery energy draining rates to overcome cross-interference by other BANs in the vicinity. Here, we propose a utility-based, link-layer adaptation framework for balancing these tradeoffs for each BAN as well as across different BANs. The framework accounts for the utility of the BANs data rates and penalties associated with high transmission powers. Our analysis indicates that link-layer adaptation is beneficial for mitigating the interference from multiple adjacent BANs. Simulation results support our mathematical framework, indicating a much better spectral efficiency obtainable by using link layer adaptation techniques. C1 [Marbukh, V.; Sayrafian-Pour, K.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov; ksayrafian@nist.gov; Mehdialasti@gmail.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-9570 J9 UEEE INT SYM PERS IN PY 2013 BP 2545 EP 2549 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB8ER UT WOS:000346481202117 ER PT S AU Sayrafian-Pour, K Hagedorn, J Barbi, M Terrill, J Alasti, M AF Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Hagedorn, John Barbi, Martina Terrill, Judith Alasti, Mehdi GP IEEE TI A Simulation Platform to Study Inter-BAN Interference SO 2013 IEEE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE INFOCOMMUNICATIONS (COGINFOCOM) SE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom) CY DEC 02-05, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IEEE Hungary Sect, IEEE, IEEE Joint Chapter IES & RAS, IEEE Chapter SMC, IEEE Chapter CI, Obuda Univ, BME Dept Telecommunicat & Media Informat, 3D Internet Based Control & Commun Lab, Hungarian Acad Sci, Comp & Automat Res Inst DE body area network; reliability; inter-BAN interference AB A Body Area Network (BAN) is a radio standard for wireless connectivity of wearable and implantable sensor nodes that are located inside or in proximity to the human body. Many applications of BANs (e.g. physiological monitoring) require reliable communication of information between the sensor nodes and their controller. As there are currently no coordinating mechanisms among multiple co-located BANs, interference caused by co-channel transmission in adjacent BANs could impact the reliability and in general the quality of the service experienced by a receiver node within an individual BAN. So far, few studies have been done to study the impact of such inter-BAN interference. A comprehensive study would eventually require an extensive measurement campaign with networks that have been implemented according to the BAN standard. Until then, a simulation platform that can allow researchers to gain more information about the impact of interference would be a valuable research tool. In this paper, we present a research platform that has been developed to perform simple statistical evaluation of inter-BAN interference. Initial results for the ISM frequency band (i.e. 2.4 GHz) have been provided here. C1 [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran; Hagedorn, John; Barbi, Martina; Terrill, Judith] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alasti, Mehdi] Time Warner Cable, Wireless Qual Assurance, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sayrafian-Pour, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ksayrafian@nist.gov; john.hagedorn@nist.gov; martina.barbi@nist.gov; Judith.terrill@nist.gov; mehdi.alasti@gmail.com NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2375-1312 BN 978-1-4799-1543-9; 978-1-4799-1546-0 J9 INT CONF COGN INFO PY 2013 BP 345 EP 349 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BC0WY UT WOS:000349770000059 ER PT S AU Wieland, F Sharma, R Zettlemoyer, M AF Wieland, Fred Sharma, Rohit Zettlemoyer, Mark GP IEEE TI ASSESSMENT OF IMPERFECT WEATHER FORECASTS ON AIRLINE AND PASSENGER PLANNING SO 2013 IEEE/AIAA 32ND DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 32nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-10, 2013 CL New York, NY SP IEEE, AIAA, BOEING, LRDC Systems LLC, SAAB, AVIONICS C1 [Wieland, Fred; Sharma, Rohit] IAI, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Zettlemoyer, Mark] NOAA, NWS, Washington, DC USA. RP Wieland, F (reprint author), IAI, 15400 Calhoun Dr, Suite 400, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-1536-1; 978-1-4799-1538-5 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2013 PG 17 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BC1KH UT WOS:000350222203005 ER PT S AU Wieland, F Sharma, R Zettlemoyer, M AF Wieland, Frederick Sharma, Rohit Zettlemoyer, Mark GP IEEE TI ASSESSMENT OF IMPERFECT WEATHER FORECASTS ON AIRLINE AND PASSENGER PLANNING SO 2013 IEEE/AIAA 32ND DIGITAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS CONFERENCE (DASC) SE IEEE-AIAA Digital Avionics Systems Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/AIAA 32nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC) CY OCT 05-10, 2013 CL New York, NY SP IEEE, AIAA, BOEING, LRDC Systems LLC, SAAB, AVIONICS AB This paper studies the impacts on aviation and related costs of a snow storm in the northeastern United States that occurred on October 29, 2011, focusing on the question of what would have happened had an accurate forecast been available to airlines and the traveling public at least twenty-four hours before the actual event. Snow storms are remarkably difficult to forecast. In the case of the October 29th 2011 event, snow fell over a larger area than initially forecast, the event moved through the Northeast faster than predicted, and the storm occurred in the middle of the day, maximizing its impact on air travel. A mitigating factor is that the event occurred on a Saturday, a day less traveled than other days of the week. The unexpected nature of the storm caused twenty-nine flights to be diverted to Bradley International Airport (BDL) near Hartford, Connecticut. One diverted flight remained at BDL for over seven hours before continuing to its intended destination. Additionally, all major Northeast airports had reduced capacity, as some runways closed for snow removal operations while others operated under Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) for an extended time. The impact was larger than the aviation system was prepared to handle in part due to the fact that the weather forecasts were accurate only within two hours of the storm's onset in the Northeast. The question we seek to answer is the extent to which the impact can be mitigated had an accurate forecast been available twenty-four hours in advance. To study the question, we configured NASA's Airspace Concepts Evaluation System (ACES) to replicate the day with a two-hour forecast, and a second time with a hypothetical twenty-four hour perfect forecast. The forecasts as well as actual conditions not only in the Northeast, but throughout the National Airspace System (NAS), were provided by the Air Force Environmental Data Cube Support System group [1]. The ACES agents involved in airline decision making, particularly the Airline Operations Center (AOC) agent, contain logic that mimics an airline's decision making logic (cancellation, flight delay, or diversion) given a forecast of future conditions. By providing the AOC agent a two-hour perfect forecast and a twenty-four hour perfect forecast, the flight impact can be estimated. We monetize the flight impact in two ways, one from the airlines' perspective and another from the passengers' perspective. The airline monetization is achieved using standard cost of airline operations as derived from other studies [2]. Passenger monetization is computed using a study of the impact of flight delays and cancellations on passenger costs [3]. The costs are compared, and a classic tradeoff between airline and passenger costs associated with imperfect weather forecasts is observed. C1 [Wieland, Frederick; Sharma, Rohit] Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. [Zettlemoyer, Mark] NOAA, NWS Liaison Joint Planning & Dev Off, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Wieland, F (reprint author), Intelligent Automat Inc, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7195 BN 978-1-4799-1536-1; 978-1-4799-1538-5 J9 IEEEAAIA DIGIT AVION PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA BC1KH UT WOS:000350222200015 ER PT S AU Cheneau, T Ranganathan, M AF Cheneau, Tony Ranganathan, Mudumbai GP IEEE TI Adaptive Key Management for Wireless Sensor Networks SO 2013 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 09-13, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE AB Network security protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSN) require each node to store context information, such as cryptographic keys, for each active security association that it maintains with its peers. While the storage requirements for such context information is generally small enough to be overlooked in regular networks, it becomes an important issue in memory-constrained WSN. Under such constraints, a WSN node may become memory saturated and thereby become unable to accommodate new nodes dynamically. What can be done to keep expanding the network with newly joining nodes under such memory constraints? How many security associations are 'enough' and how does the choice of the number of associations affect performance and coverage? To address these issues, we introduce a novel authentication and key management mechanism called Adaptive Key Management (AKM) that is robust and scalable under limited memory constraints and works along with the RPL routing protocol to provide strong security guarantees. We present a simulation study of AKM to demonstrate its scalability and to provide insight on how to allocate a node's memory to store a sufficient number of security associations. C1 [Cheneau, Tony; Ranganathan, Mudumbai] NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheneau, T (reprint author), NIST, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tony.cheneau@nist.gov; mudumbai.ranganathan@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-1353-4 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2013 BP 395 EP 401 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD0LG UT WOS:000357299600066 ER PT S AU Gharavi, H Hu, B AF Gharavi, Hamid Hu, Bin GP IEEE TI 4-Way Handshaking Protection for Wireless Mesh Network Security in Smart Grid SO 2013 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 09-13, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE Smart Grid; wireless mesh networks; security protocols; EMSA; SAE; security attacks; IEEE 802.11s AB Wireless mesh/sensor networks offer various unique features such as self-configuration, ease of installation, scalability, and self-healing, which make them very attractive for deployment in various smart grid domains, such as Home Area Networks (HAN), Neighborhood Area Networks (NAN), and substation/plant-generation local area networks for real-time monitoring and control. Their main drawback is that they are more exposed to cyber-attack as data packets have to be relayed on a hop-by-hop basis. This paper presents a dynamically updating key distribution strategy, together with a message protection scheme in support of 4-way handshaking. For the 4-way handshaking, we propose a hash based encryption scheme to secure the unprotected message exchanges during the handshaking process. This is aimed at improving the resiliency of the network in the situation where an intruder carries a denial of service attack. We then evaluate the security of the proposed scheme against cyber-attack, as well as network performance in terms of delay and overhead. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Hu, Bin] NIST, Adv Network Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), NIST, Adv Network Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Gharavi@nist.gov; bhu@nist.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-1353-4 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2013 BP 790 EP 795 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD0LG UT WOS:000357299600133 ER PT S AU Shaver, D Su, DH Popa, D AF Shaver, Donald Su, David H. Popa, Daniel GP IEEE TI Narrowband OFDM Power Line Communication Challenges, Standardization, and Semiconductor's Role SO 2013 IEEE GLOBAL COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE (GLOBECOM) SE IEEE Global Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 09-13, 2013 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE Power line communication; OFDM; narrowband PLC; IEEE P1901.2; ITU-T G. 9901-G. 9904; G3-PLC; PRIME; coexistence; computational complexity; software-defined modems AB In this paper, we focus on narrowband (NB) OFDM PLC standards and associated implementations operating in frequency bands below 500 kHz. With the emergence of the Smart Grid Automated Meter Infrastructure (AMI), an international PLC standards gap was identified requiring new technology to serve market needs for higher bitrates and increased robustness [1]. This paper provides a brief history of PLC technology alternatives and the emergence of NB OFDM PLC solutions that fill this "standards gap". We discuss power line channel impairments (e.g., noise, impedance) that we have measured on power grids and in dwellings such as in high rise buildings [2]. These studies have influenced emerging international NB OFDM PLC standards [3][4] and existing NB OFDM PLC solutions[5][6]. An important topic beyond NB PLC standardization is defining how the new modems coexist with legacy PLC modems operating in the same frequency band. SGIP PAP-15 [6] has done considerable work coordinating PLC coexistence requirements with IEEE P1901.2, ITU-T G.990x standards development; and PRIME and G3-PLC Alliances. Semiconductor's role is then to provide a hardware and software platform to realize a robust communications solution that can be deployed around the world. So then another important topic addressed is computational complexity. We roughly estimate modem computations as a function of signal bandwidth. This analysis shows that NB OFDM PLC standards can be implemented in software using a simple microprocessor; and in addition the same hardware platform can be used to implement the various standards. C1 [Shaver, Donald] Texas Instruments Inc, Smart Grid BU, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. [Su, David H.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Popa, Daniel] Itron Inc, Issy Les Moulineaux, France. RP Shaver, D (reprint author), Texas Instruments Inc, Smart Grid BU, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. EM shaver@ti.com; david.su@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2334-0983 BN 978-1-4799-1353-4 J9 IEEE GLOB COMM CONF PY 2013 BP 2993 EP 2997 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD0LG UT WOS:000357299603014 ER PT S AU Sahoo, A Souryal, M Ranganathan, M AF Sahoo, Anirudha Souryal, Michael Ranganathan, Mudumbai GP IEEE TI Providing Disruption QoS in an OFDM System Using Residual Idle Time Based Opportunistic Spectrum Access SO 2013 IEEE GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON SIGNAL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (GLOBALSIP) SE IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP) CY DEC 03-05, 2013 CL Austin, TX SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Signal Proc Soc ID COGNITIVE RADIO; NETWORKS AB Dynamic spectrum access (DSA) is emerging as a promising technology to mitigate spectrum scarcity caused by static frequency allocation. Among the different models proposed for DSA, opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) is a promising class of solutions. In any DSA system, it is important to make sure that the performance of primary users (PUs) does not degrade significantly as a result of dynamic use of spectrum by secondary users (SUs). One of the main reasons for slow commercial adoption of OSA technology is the lack of system implementations which can demonstrate bounding interference to PUs below a given threshold. In this paper, we report a preliminary implementation of an OSA scheme which can ensure that the interference to the PU is bounded. We present our experience and challenges in building this system using the open source software toolkit GNU Radio on a software defined radio (SDR) implemented with a Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). C1 [Sahoo, Anirudha; Souryal, Michael; Ranganathan, Mudumbai] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sahoo, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anirudha.sahoo@nist.gov; souryal@nist.gov; ranga@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4066 BN 978-1-4799-0248-4 J9 IEEE GLOB CONF SIG PY 2013 BP 1206 EP 1209 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC2FE UT WOS:000350825600326 ER PT J AU Li, QL Zhu, H Zhao, EH Yuan, H Ioannou, DE Richter, CA Li, HT Kirillov, O AF Li, Qiliang Zhu, Hao Zhao, Erhai Yuan, Hui Ioannou, Dimitris E. Richter, Curt A. Li, Haitao Kirillov, Oleg GP IEEE TI High Performance Topological Insulator Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ELECTRON DEVICES AND SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS (EDSSC) SE IEEE Conference on Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference of Electron Devices and Solid-State Circuits (EDSSC) CY JUN 03-05, 2013 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA DE Topological insulator; MOSFET; nanowire ID BI2TE3 AB We show experimentally that single-crystal nanowires of the topological insulator Bi2Se3 can be used as the conduction channel in high-performance field effect transistor, a basic circuit building block. The current-voltage characteristics are superior to many of those reported for semiconductor nanowire transistors. The metallic electron transport at the surface with good mobility can be effectively separated from the bulk conduction and adjusted by field effect at a small gate voltage. These properties open up a many potential applications in nanoelectronics and spintronics. C1 [Li, Qiliang; Zhu, Hao; Zhao, Erhai; Yuan, Hui; Ioannou, Dimitris E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Li, Qiliang; Zhu, Hao; Zhao, Erhai; Yuan, Hui; Ioannou, Dimitris E.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Richter, Curt A.; Li, Haitao; Kirillov, Oleg] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu; curt.richter@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-2523-3 J9 IEEE C ELEC DEVICES PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3UZ UT WOS:000380585600050 ER PT S AU Gentile, C AF Gentile, Camillo GP IEEE TI Automatic Clustering of Multipath Arrivals in Radio-Frequency Channels using Kurtosis SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC) SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) CY JUN 09-13, 2013 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP IEEE DE Wireless; exponential; decay constant; Lognormal; Rayleigh ID ULTRAWIDEBAND PROPAGATION CHANNELS; MODEL AB In wireless channel propagation modeling, the multipath arrivals of a transmitted signal appear in clusters at the receiver. Because the notion of clusters tends to be intuitive rather than well-defined, cluster identification has traditionally been carried out through human visual inspection. Besides time-consuming for large-scale measurement campaigns, this approach is subjective and will vary from person to person, leading to arbitrary selection of clusters. To address these concerns, automatic clustering algorithms have emerged in the past decade. Most, however, are laden with settings which are very sensitive to different radio-frequency environments, again leading to arbitrary selection. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering algorithm based on the kurtosis metric which, in related work, has been used precisely for its channel independence. We compare ours to two recent algorithms through a standard validation method on simulated channel impulse responses from five different environments. The proposed algorithm delivers better results and, because it has no channel-specific settings, is inherently robust to varying channel conditions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Emerging & Mobile Network Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4673-3122-7 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2013 BP 5726 EP 5731 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BC0WB UT WOS:000349673806059 ER PT J AU Bijesh, R Liu, H Madan, H Mohata, D Li, W Nguyen, NV Gundlach, D Richter, CA Maier, J Wang, K Clarke, T Fastenau, JM Loubychev, D Liu, WK Narayanan, V Datta, S AF Bijesh, R. Liu, H. Madan, H. Mohata, D. Li, W. Nguyen, N. V. Gundlach, D. Richter, C. A. Maier, J. Wang, K. Clarke, T. Fastenau, J. M. Loubychev, D. Liu, W. K. Narayanan, V. Datta, S. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of In0.9Ga0.1As/GaAs0.18Sb0.82 Near Broken-gap Tunnel FET with I-ON=740 mu A/pm, G(M)=700 mu S/mu m and Gigahertz Switching Performance at V-DS=0.5V SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ELECTRON DEVICES MEETING (IEDM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) CY DEC 09-11, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE AB We demonstrate high frequency switching characteristics of TFETs based on the In0.9Ga0.1As/GaAs0.18Sb0.82 material system. These near broken-gap TFETs (NBTFETs) with 200nm channel length exhibit record drive current (I-ON) of 740 mu A/mu m, intrinsic RF transconductance (Gm) of 7000/jam, and a cut-off frequency (F-T) of 19GHz at V-DS=0.5V. Numerical simulations calibrated to the experimental data are used to provide insight into the impact of vertical architecture on switching performance of TFETs at scaled technology nodes. C1 [Bijesh, R.; Liu, H.; Madan, H.; Mohata, D.; Maier, J.; Wang, K.; Clarke, T.; Narayanan, V.; Datta, S.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Li, W.; Nguyen, N. V.; Gundlach, D.; Richter, C. A.; Maier, J.] Natl Inst Stand Technol, Rockville, MD USA. [Fastenau, J. M.; Loubychev, D.; Liu, W. K.] IQE Inc, Bethlehem, PA USA. RP Bijesh, R (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM bijesh@psu.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2306-9 PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8FU UT WOS:000346509500171 ER PT S AU Houtz, DA Walker, DK AF Houtz, Derek A. Walker, David K. GP IEEE TI A FINITE ELEMENT THERMAL SIMULATION OF A MICROWAVE BLACKBODY CALIBRATION TARGET SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE Passive microwave remote sensing; Microwave radiometry; Calibration; Blackbody characterization AB We introduce a method to determine the gradient between measured physical temperature and true radiating surface temperature of a passive microwave calibration target (load or blackbody). An empirical cooling-curve fit is employed to determine heat-transfer coefficients that then allow commercial finite-element software to solve for the physical temperature at the surface of the target. Only gradients in the direction parallel to the target's pyramidal structures are determined. Two target insulation thicknesses are investigated and a mean surface radiating temperature is determined. This surface temperature differs from the internally measured physical temperature by a maximum of 0.3 K in an ambient environment. Use of a thicker insulation assembly decreases this temperature bias by 0.1 K. C1 [Houtz, Derek A.; Walker, David K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Houtz, DA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 394 EP 397 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6721175 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638900097 ER PT S AU Lv, XZ Li, XF Yang, XF Pichel, W Zhou, X Liu, YG AF Lv, Xuezhu Li, Xiaofeng Yang, Xiaofeng Pichel, William Zhou, Xuan Liu, Yuguang GP IEEE TI THE IMPACT OF VERTICAL WIND SHEAR ON THE HURRICANE EYE TILT AT THE SEA AND CLOUD LEVELS SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE typhoon; hurricane; SAR; MERIS; vertical wind shear; eye tilt ID TROPICAL CYCLONES AB Tropical cyclones generate powerful wind, torrential rainfall, high waves and damaging storm surge that affect coastal communities. Tracking and predicting cyclones is one of the most important tasks for meteorologists. In this study, we compare the hurricane/typhoon eye locations at the sea level observed by spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and its counterpart at the cloud level by the simultaneous infrared imagery. The vertical eye tilt at these two heights is compared with 850-200hPa vertical wind shear from SHIPS data. Five case studies show that the displacements vary from 10 to 22 km, with tilt direction oriented from downshear-left to downshear to downshear-right. These results are consistent with former studies. C1 [Lv, Xuezhu; Liu, Yuguang] Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Phys Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NESDIS, NOAA, GST, College Pk, MD USA. [Yang, Xiaofeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William] NESDIS, NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Lv, XZ (reprint author), Ocean Univ China, Key Lab Phys Oceanog, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41228007] FX This study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41228007. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 566 EP 569 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6721219 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638900139 ER PT S AU Guillevic, PC Privette, JL Yu, YY Goettsche, FM Hulley, G Olioso, A Sobrino, J Meyers, T Ghent, D Bork-Unkelbach, A Courault, D Roman, MO Hook, S Csiszar, I AF Guillevic, Pierre C. Privette, Jeffrey L. Yu, Yunyue Goettsche, Frank M. Hulley, Glynn Olioso, Albert Sobrino, Jose Meyers, Tilden Ghent, Darren Bork-Unkelbach, Annika Courault, Dominique Roman, Miguel O. Hook, Simon Csiszar, Ivan GP IEEE TI NPP VIIRS LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE PRODUCT VALIDATION USING WORLDWIDE OBSERVATION NETWORKS SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE Land Surface Temperature; NPP VIIRS; validation; ground-based LST; spatial heterogeneity ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER AB Thermal infrared satellite observations of the Earth's surface are key components in estimating the surface skin temperature over global land areas. This work presents validation methodologies to estimate the quantitative uncertainty in Land Surface Temperature (LST) product derived from the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) using ground-based measurements currently made operationally at many field and weather stations around the world. Over heterogeneous surfaces in terms of surface types or biophysical properties (e.g., vegetation density, emissivity), the validation protocol accounts for land surface spatial variability around the ground station. Over sparse vegetation canopies, the methodology accounts for viewing directional effects and sun configuration when validating VIIRS LST products. C1 [Guillevic, Pierre C.] North Carolina State Univ, CICS, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Guillevic, Pierre C.; Privette, Jeffrey L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goettsche, Frank M.; Bork-Unkelbach, Annika] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Hulley, Glynn; Hook, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Olioso, Albert; Courault, Dominique] INRA, F-84914 Avignon, France. [Sobrino, Jose] Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, Valencia, Spain. [Meyers, Tilden] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Ghent, Darren] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England. [Roman, Miguel O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Informat Syst Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Guillevic, PC (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ, CICS, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RI Gottsche, Frank-Michael/A-7362-2013; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; OI Gottsche, Frank-Michael/0000-0001-5836-5430; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272 FU Joint Polar Satellite System program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Data Record project, through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported in part by the Joint Polar Satellite System program and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Data Record project, through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. The MODIS data used in this study are distributed by the NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS, http://earthdata.nasa.gov). The VIIRS data are distributed by the NASA Land Product Evaluation and Analysis Tool Element (PEATE). NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 640 EP 643 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6721238 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638900156 ER PT S AU Yang, XF Li, XF Yu, Y Li, ZW AF Yang, Xiaofeng Li, Xiaofeng Yu, Yang Li, Ziwei GP IEEE TI VALIDATION OF SEA SURFACE WIND VECTER RETRIEVAL FROM CHINA'S HY-2A SCATTEROMETER SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE HY-2A; wind; validation; scatterometer AB In this study, a comparison of wind field measurements from HY-2A Scatterometer and U. S. National Data Buoy Center (NDBC)'s moored buoys is performed. These comparisons were made in Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean over one month period of August 2012. The SCAT wind speed retrieval agreed well with the buoy measurements, with mean differences of -0.74 m/s and standard deviations of 1.52 m/s. The results indicate that SCAT-derived ocean surface wind speeds are as accurate as other scatterometer, such as Quikscat and ASCAT. However, the wind direction retrieval still has some problems need to be investigated in the future. C1 [Yang, Xiaofeng; Yu, Yang; Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci & Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] GST, NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Yang, XF (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci & Beijing Normal Univ, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41006112] FX This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41006112 and Dongfang Scholar Program. The HY-2A wind speed products are obtained from Chinese National Satellite Ocean Application Service (http://www.nsoas.gov.cn/NSOAS_En/index.html). The buoy wind data are downloaded from NOAA/NDBC website (www.ndbc.noaa.gov). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 1250 EP 1253 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6723007 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638901095 ER PT S AU Miller, TL James, MW Roberts, JB Biswas, SK Cecil, D Jones, WL Johnson, J Farrar, S Sahawneh, S Ruf, CS Morris, M Uhlhorn, EW Black, PG AF Miller, Timothy L. James, M. W. Roberts, J. B. Biswas, S. K. Cecil, D. Jones, W. L. Johnson, J. Farrar, S. Sahawneh, S. Ruf, C. S. Morris, M. Uhlhorn, E. W. Black, P. G. GP IEEE TI THE HURRICANE IMAGING RADIOMETER: PRESENT AND FUTURE SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE HIRAD; hurricane wind speed; imaging radiometer AB The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer designed to provide high resolution, wide swath imagery of surface wind speed in tropical cyclones from a low profile planar antenna with no mechanical scanning. Wind speed and rain rate images from HIRAD's first field campaign (GRIP, 2010) are presented here followed, by a discussion on the performance of the newly installed thermal control system during the 2012 HS3 campaign. The paper ends with a discussion on the next generation dual polarization HIRAD antenna (already designed) for a future system capable of measuring wind direction as well as wind speed. C1 [Miller, Timothy L.; James, M. W.; Roberts, J. B.; Biswas, S. K.; Cecil, D.] NASA, MSFC, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Jones, W. L.; Johnson, J.; Farrar, S.; Sahawneh, S.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept EECS, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Ruf, C. S.; Morris, M.] Univ Michigan, AOSS Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Uhlhorn, E. W.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Black, P. G.] SAIC Inc, Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Miller, TL (reprint author), NASA, MSFC, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RI Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 1897 EP 1899 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6723174 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638901255 ER PT S AU Leslie, RV Blackwell, WJ Anderson, K Kim, E Weng, F AF Leslie, R. V. Blackwell, W. J. Anderson, K. Kim, E. Weng, F. GP IEEE TI S-NPP ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MICROWAVE SOUNDER: REFLECTOR EMISSIVITY MODEL, MITIGATION, & VERIFICATION SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE ATMS; microwave; radiometer; calibration AB The Suomi NPP spacecraft pitchover maneuver revealed an ATMS scan angle-dependent bias when viewing deep space, which is a homogenous and unpolarized source that fills the entire ATMS Field of Regard. Reflector emissivity was investigated as a possible root cause. The emissivity is polarization dependent, which results in a scan-dependent bias with the quasi-vertical channels having a different bias shape than the quasi-horizontal channels. The normal emissivity was empirically estimated by minimizing the scan bias during the pitchover maneuver, and the reflector's temperature was derived from ATMS telemetry. The model, calibration change, and estimated normal emissivity were verified using the ATMS thermal vacuum test data. Reflector emissitivies from approximately 0.2% to 0.4% were derived, resulting in brightness temperature corrections of up to 0.5 K. C1 [Leslie, R. V.; Blackwell, W. J.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Anderson, K.] Northrop Grumman Elect Syst, Azusa, CA 91702 USA. [Kim, E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Weng, F.] NOAA, NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Leslie, RV (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM wjb@LL.MIT.EDU FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [FA8721-05-C-0002] FX This work was sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Air Force contract FA8721-05-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and not necessarily endorsed by the United States Government. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 1927 EP 1929 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6723182 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638902007 ER PT S AU Willie, D Chen, HN Chandrasekar, V Cifelli, R Campbell, C Reynolds, D AF Willie, Delbert Chen, Haonan Chandrasekar, V. Cifelli, Robert Campbell, Carroll Reynolds, David GP IEEE TI EVALUATION OF MULTISENSOR QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION METHODOLOGIES SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE QPE; NMQ; mulitsensor ID BRIGHT BAND; RAINFALL AB The use of weather sensing radar measurements along with corresponding gauge data in multisensor applications seek to provide reliable estimates of rainfall rate and accumulation versus single radar. Radar rainfall estimators have a number of advantages over gauges including the ability to observe precipitation over wider areas within shorter timeframes and providing advanced warning of impending precipitation events. The radar reflectivity-rainfall (Z-R) relations are traditionally used for quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). C1 [Willie, Delbert; Chen, Haonan; Chandrasekar, V.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cifelli, Robert; Campbell, Carroll] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Reynolds, David] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Willie, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. OI Chen, Haonan/0000-0002-9795-3064 FU NOAA / HMT program; NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) FX This research was supported by the NOAA / HMT program. In addition the NASA Precipitation Measurement Missions (PMM) program supported the participation of Haonan Chen and Chandrasekar. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 2219 EP 2221 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6723257 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638902081 ER PT S AU Zhang, B Perrie, W Li, XF Pichel, WG Qiu, ZF He, YJ AF Zhang, Biao Perrie, William Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. Qiu, Zhongfeng He, Yijun GP IEEE TI OIL PLATFORM DETECTION BY COMPACT POLARIMETRIC SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE Compact Polarimetry; SAR; Oil platform detection; Relative phase ID SAR DATA; SYMMETRY; SEA; POL AB We present a innovative physically-based approach to detect oil platforms by using compact polarimetric (CP) synthetic aperture data. We utilize two RADARSAT-2 fine quad-polarization SAR images of Gulf of Mexico to estimate the CP covariance matrix. The resulting CP data is used to reconstruct pseudo quad-polarization covariance matrix. The Stokes parameters are evaluated using the reconstructed pseudo quad-polarization covariance matrix elements. We further calculate the relative phase with two Stokes parameters. The relative phase is a logical scalar descriptor which can be used to detect the oil platforms. The detected oil platforms are validated with ground truth from NOAA. The proposed method provides a simple and effective mapping technique for oil platform detection. C1 [Zhang, Biao; Qiu, Zhongfeng; He, Yijun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Perrie, William] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Li, Xiaofeng] GST, NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, DESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhang, B (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008; OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; Qiu, Zhongfeng/0000-0003-1167-3991 FU National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China [41206171] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China grant 41206171. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 2439 EP 2442 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6723313 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638902136 ER PT S AU Rott, H Cline, DW Duguay, C Essery, R Etchevers, P Hajnsek, I Kern, M Macelloni, G Malnes, E Pulliainen, J Yueh, SH AF Rott, Helmut Cline, Donald W. Duguay, Claude Essery, Richard Etchevers, Pierre Hajnsek, Irena Kern, Michael Macelloni, Giovanni Malnes, Eirik Pulliainen, Jouni Yueh, Simon H. GP IEEE TI COREH2O: High-Resolution X/Ku-Band Radar Imaging of Cold Land Processes SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc C1 [Rott, Helmut] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Cline, Donald W.] NOAA, NWS, Hydrol Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Duguay, Claude] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Essery, Richard] Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Etchevers, Pierre] Meteo France, St Martin Dheres, France. [Hajnsek, Irena] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Hajnsek, Irena] DLR HR, Cologne, Germany. [Kern, Michael] ESA, Estec, Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Macelloni, Giovanni] CNR, IFAC, Florence, Italy. [Malnes, Eirik] Norut, Tromso, Norway. [Pulliainen, Jouni] FMI, Helsinki, Finland. [Yueh, Simon H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Rott, H (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Meteorol & Geophys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RI Macelloni, Giovanni /B-7518-2015; OI Essery, Richard/0000-0003-1756-9095 FU European Space Agency ESTEC [22830109/NL/JC, 22671109/NL/JA.] FX The investigations were supported by the European Space Agency, ESTEC Contracts No. 22830109/NL/JC and No. 22671109/NL/JA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 3479 EP 3482 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6723578 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638903138 ER PT S AU Pan, C Wu, X Flynn, L Grotenhuis, M AF Pan, C. Wu, X. Flynn, L. Grotenhuis, M. GP IEEE TI OZONE MAPPER PROFILER SUITE EARLY ORBIT LINEARITY PERFORMANCE EVALUATION SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc DE OMPS; CCD; Linearity; Ozone ID OMPS AB The linearity of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Nadir instruments' radiometric response is characterized using two onboard LED calibrators with a series of lamp exposures of various times and therefore varying count levels. It is specified that the non-linearity of the nadir sensors shall be no more than 2% of full well, the linear degradation rate of the LED output shall be less than 1 % per minute, and the high-frequency LED current variability shall be less than 0.1% RMS. During the on-orbit characterization, we monitor the lamp signal drifts, temperature dependency and nonlinearity sensitivity. The lamp signal variations are compensated prior to the calculation of the sensors' linear calibration coefficients. The calibration coefficients are derived by interpolating between measured count levels and ideal linearized count levels. System nonlinearity is estimated by fitting normalized signal count rates to a second order polynomial function. Additionally, sensor on-orbit dynamic range is verified and thermal impact on nonlinearity sensitivity is analyzed. Our results demonstrate that sensor linearity performance meets the system requirement. C1 [Pan, C.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wu, X.; Flynn, L.] NOAA STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Grotenhuis, M.] NOAA, ERT Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Pan, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Grotenhuis, Michael/G-1195-2010 OI Grotenhuis, Michael/0000-0002-6236-864X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-1114-1 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2013 BP 4403 EP 4406 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2013.6723811 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BB7JO UT WOS:000345638904113 ER PT S AU Ryan, JT Campbell, JP Zou, J Cheung, KP Southwick, RG Oates, AS Huang, R AF Ryan, J. T. Campbell, J. P. Zou, J. Cheung, K. P. Southwick, R. G. Oates, A. S. Huang, R. GP IEEE TI Constant Shape Factor Frequency Modulated Charge Pumping (FMCP) SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT (IRW) SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW) CY OCT 13-17, 2013 CL South Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc ID MOS-TRANSISTORS AB We examine the seemingly frequency-dependent gate leakage current component of frequency-modulated charge pumping and show it to be a measurement artifact. If untreated, this results in erroneous defect density extractions. We present a constant shape factor methodology to suppress this component such that frequency-modulated charge pumping is well positioned for advanced device defect characterization. C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Campbell, J. P.; Zou, J.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zou, J.; Huang, R.] Peking Univ, Dept Microelect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Southwick, R. G.] IBM Res, Albany, NY USA. [Oates, A. S.] TSMC, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4799-0350-4 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2013 BP 21 EP 25 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC7OC UT WOS:000355093800012 ER PT S AU Shrestha, P Cheung, KP Campbell, JP Ryan, JT Baumgart, H AF Shrestha, P. Cheung, K. P. Campbell, J. P. Ryan, J. T. Baumgart, H. GP IEEE TI Fast-Capacitance for Advanced Device Characterization SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT (IRW) SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW) CY OCT 13-17, 2013 CL South Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE Fast-CV; capacitance measurements; transient characterization ID DIELECTRIC STACKS; C-V; CHARGE AB Fast-CV measurements are frequently being used to study transient phenomena associated with advanced devices. In this study, we show that many artifacts plague this measurement and then provide a proper method to legitimize fast-CV measurements as trustworthy. We show a remarkably accurate correspondence between a complete fast CV measurement, from accumulation to inversion, and a conventional CV measurement on the same device. The results distinguish fast-CV as a powerful tool for device characterization and reliability measurements. C1 [Shrestha, P.; Cheung, K. P.; Campbell, J. P.; Ryan, J. T.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shrestha, P.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Baumgart, H.] Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Shrestha, P (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4799-0350-4 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2013 BP 26 EP 29 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC7OC UT WOS:000355093800013 ER PT S AU Shrestha, P Nminibapiel, D Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Baumgart, H Deora, S Bersuker, G AF Shrestha, P. Nminibapiel, D. Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Baumgart, H. Deora, S. Bersuker, G. GP IEEE TI Dependence of the Filament Resistance on the Duration of Current Overshoot SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT (IRW) SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW) CY OCT 13-17, 2013 CL South Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE RRAM; RESET current; current overshoot AB The characteristics of a conductive filament in HfO2 RRAM is shown to be dependent on the duration of the current compliance overshoot, which may occur during the filament formation process. In addition to the overshoot amplitude, the filament resistance is found to be affected by the duration of the overshoot caused by the parasitic capacitance. C1 [Shrestha, P.; Nminibapiel, D.; Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shrestha, P.; Nminibapiel, D.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Baumgart, H.] Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Deora, S.; Bersuker, G.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY USA. RP Shrestha, P (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4799-0350-4 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2013 BP 55 EP 58 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC7OC UT WOS:000355093800024 ER PT S AU Chbili, Z Cheung, KP Campbell, JP Suehle, JS Ioannou, DE Ryu, SH Lelis, AJ AF Chbili, Z. Cheung, K. P. Campbell, J. P. Suehle, J. S. Ioannou, D. E. Ryu, S. -H. Lelis, A. J. GP IEEE TI Unusual Bias Temperature Instability in SiC DMOSFET SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT (IRW) SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop (IIRW) CY OCT 13-17, 2013 CL South Lake Tahoe, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE SiC; DMOSFET; BTI AB We observe an unusual instability in the SiC DMOSFET transistor characteristics. From a series of bias conditions at elevated temperatures, we conclude that a high density of hole traps in the oxide near the SiO2/SiC interface are responsible. C1 [Chbili, Z.; Cheung, K. P.; Campbell, J. P.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chbili, Z.; Ioannou, D. E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ryu, S. -H.] Cree Inc, SiC Power Device, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Lelis, A. J.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chbili, Z (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4799-0350-4 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2013 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC7OC UT WOS:000355093800032 ER PT S AU Yeary, M Conway, D Herd, J Fosberry, M Harger, M Hondl, K AF Yeary, M. Conway, D. Herd, J. Fosberry, M. Harger, M. Hondl, K. GP IEEE TI A Method for Improved Cross-Pol Isolation Based on the Use of Auxilliary Elements SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE phased arrays; radar; radar polarimetry; radar signal processing AB This paper describes a method to answer the following questions: can several of the elements of a phased array be employed as auxiliary (AUX) elements and how can the phase of each be adjusted so that the (1) cross-polarization (cross-pol) isolation is minimized to 40 dB, (2) the sidelobe levels of the main lobe are minimally impacted, and (3) the width and height of the main lobe are minimally impacted? This calibration work is being completed as one component of Lincoln Laboratory's effort within the multifunction phased array radar (MPAR) initiative. Devoting a few of the elements to serve as the AUX channels to specifically operate to mitigate the effects of the cross-pol influence, the distributed sidelobe levels will not suffer much impact; yet, the impact of the AUX elements will have deepened the cross-pol isolation at the peak of the co-polar beam can occur because the AUX elements can achieve a high degree of narrowband angular resolution. C1 [Yeary, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Conway, D.; Herd, J.; Fosberry, M.; Harger, M.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Hondl, K.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Yeary, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 272 EP 275 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700049 ER PT S AU Yeary, M Conway, D Herd, J Fosberry, M Harger, M Hondl, K AF Yeary, M. Conway, D. Herd, J. Fosberry, M. Harger, M. Hondl, K. GP IEEE TI A Least Mean Squares Approach of Iterative Array Calibration for Scalable Digital Phased Array Radar Panels SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE phased arrays; radar; radar signal processing AB This paper describes a semiautonomous approach to calibrate a phased array system, with particular use on an S-band aperture that is being developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Each element of the array is controlled by an independent digital phase shifter, whose control signal may be uniquely defined. As active electronically steerable arrays (AESAs) continually evolve towards mostly digital paradigms that will support real-time computing, as opposed to look-up table approaches, then adaptive calibration approaches may be pursued for maximum AESA performance. This calibration work is being completed as one component of Lincoln Laboratory's effort within the multifunction phased array radar (MPAR) initiative. C1 [Yeary, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Conway, D.; Herd, J.; Fosberry, M.; Harger, M.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Hondl, K.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Yeary, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 276 EP 278 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700050 ER PT S AU Torres, S Adams, R Curtis, C Forren, E Forsyth, D Ivic, I Priegnitz, D Thompson, J Warde, D AF Torres, Sebastian Adams, Ric Curtis, Christopher Forren, Eddie Forsyth, Douglas Ivic, Igor Priegnitz, David Thompson, John Warde, David GP IEEE TI A Demonstration of Adaptive Weather-Surveillance Capabilities on the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE weather radar; weather surveillance; adaptive scanning; phased array radar; NWRT PAR AB This paper describes the latest adaptive scanning capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed PhasedArray Radar located in Norman, OK. Focused observations, tailored observations, and the required scheduling algorithms are introduced, and their performance is illustrated with real-data examples. It is demonstrated that adaptive scanning for weather radars has the potential to reduce revisit times and to provide meteorological data that can aid in the forecaster's warningdecision process. C1 [Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Torres, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 460 EP 463 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700079 ER PT S AU Kelley, R Meier, J Karimkashi, S McCord, M Meier, I Zhang, GF Palmer, R Zahrai, A Schmidt, D Doviak, RJ Zrnic, DS AF Kelley, Redmond Meier, John Karimkashi, Shaya McCord, Matt Meier, Isaac Zhang, Guifu Palmer, Robert Zahrai, Allen Schmidt, Damon Doviak, Richard J. Zrnic, Dusan S. GP IEEE TI Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar: Hardware Design and Mobile Demonstrator SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE polarimetry; phased array radar; cylindrical array; gallium nitride (GaN); digital beamforming C1 [Kelley, Redmond; Meier, John; Karimkashi, Shaya; McCord, Matt; Meier, Isaac; Zhang, Guifu; Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [McCord, Matt; Zahrai, Allen; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [McCord, Matt] CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Schmidt, Damon] Schmidt Tech Serv Inc STS, Largo, FL USA. RP Kelley, R (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM redmond@ou.edu NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 469 EP 476 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700080 ER PT S AU Karimkashi, S Zhang, GF Kelley, R Meier, J Palmer, R Zahrai, A Doviak, RJ Zrnic, DS AF Karimkashi, Shaya Zhang, Guifu Kelley, Redmond Meier, John Palmer, Robert Zahrai, Allen Doviak, Richard J. Zrnic, Dusan S. GP IEEE TI Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar Demonstrator: Design and Analysis of a Frequency Scanning Antenna Array SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE antenna array; cylindrical antenna; polarimetric phased array radar; microstrip antenna AB The design, modeling and measurement results of a mid-size cylindrical polarimetric phased array radar (CPPAR) antenna for weather sensing applications is presented. The beam scanning in the elevation is obtained using the frequency scanning concept while the azimuth scanning is achieved using both the commutation and the beam scanning. The maximum elevation scan angle is about 20 degrees and the frequency range is from 2.7 to 3.0 GHz. The cylindrical array consists of 96 frequency scanning vertical columns mounted on the surface of cylinder with the diameter and height of 2 meters. Each antenna column consists of 19 stacked microstrip patch elements fed by two series feed striplines terminated to matched loads. The patch elements are excited through the aperture on the ground plane. The antenna column is modeled using a full wave solution and then it is fabricated and tested in an anechoic chamber. In addition, the simulation results of the full cylinder consisting of 96 antenna columns are presented. C1 [Karimkashi, Shaya; Zhang, Guifu; Kelley, Redmond; Meier, John; Palmer, Robert] Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zahrai, Allen; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Karimkashi, S (reprint author), Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM shaya.karimkashi@ou.edu NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 477 EP 480 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700081 ER PT S AU Conway, D Herd, J Fosberry, M Harger, M Weigand, C Yeary, M Hondl, K AF Conway, D. Herd, J. Fosberry, M. Harger, M. Weigand, Chris Yeary, M. Hondl, K. GP IEEE TI On the Development of a Tileable LRU for the NextGen Surveillance and Weather Radar Capability Program SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB MIT Lincoln Laboratory is working towards the development of a tileable radar panel to satisfy multimission needs. A combination of custom and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs) have been developed and/or employed to achieve the required system functionality. The integrated circuits (ICs) are integrated into a low cost T/R module compatible with commercial printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing. Sixty-four of the transmit/receive (T/R) modules are integrated onto the aperture PCB in an 8 x 8 lattice. In addition to the T/R elements, the aperture PCB incorporates transmit and receive beamformers, power and logic distribution, and radiating elements. The aperture PCB is coupled with a backplane PCB to form a panel, the line replaceable unit (LRU) for the multifunction phased array radar (MPAR) initiative. This report summarizes the evaluation of the second iteration LRU aperture PCB and T/R element. Support fixturing was developed and paired with the panel to enable backplane functionality sufficient to support the test objectives. C1 [Conway, D.; Herd, J.; Fosberry, M.; Harger, M.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Weigand, Chris] MACOM Tech Solut, Lowell, MA USA. [Yeary, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hondl, K.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Conway, D (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 490 EP 493 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700084 ER PT S AU Fulton, C Herd, J Karimkashi, S Zhang, GF Zrnic, D AF Fulton, Caleb Herd, Jeff Karimkashi, Shaya Zhang, Guifu Zrnic, Dusan GP IEEE TI Dual-Polarization Challenges in Weather Radar Requirements for Multifunction Phased Array Radar SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE Polarization; calibration; radar polarimetry; phased array ID BIAS AB This paper summarizes the challenges in achieving (and even specifying) the antenna polarization accuracy requirements for the Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) and the progress that has been made towards meeting these requirements through demonstrations and theoretical investigations. C1 [Fulton, Caleb; Karimkashi, Shaya; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Herd, Jeff] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02173 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fulton, C (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM fulton@ou.edu; herd@ll.mit.edu; shaya.karimkashi@ou.edu; guzhang1@ou.edu; dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 494 EP 501 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700085 ER PT S AU Galletti, M Gekat, F Goelz, P Zrnic, DS AF Galletti, Michele Gekat, Frank Goelz, Peter Zrnic, Dusan S. GP IEEE TI Eigenvalue Signal Processing for Phased-Array Weather Radar Polarimetry: Removing the Bias Induced by Antenna Coherent Cross-Channel Coupling SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE DE Coherency matrix; Covariance matrix; polarimetric phased array weather radar; eigenvalues AB We present a novel digital signal processing procedure, named Eigenvalue Signal Processing (henceforth ESP), patented by the first author with Brookhaven Science Associates in 2013. The method enables the removal of antenna coherent cross-channel coupling in weather radar measurements at LDR mode and ATSR mode. In this work we focus on the LDR mode and consider reflectivity at horizontal transmit (Z(H)), linear depolarization ratio at horizontal transmit (LDRH) and degree of polarization at horizontal transmit (DOPH). The eigenvalue signal processing method is substantiated by an experiment carried out in November 2012 with a parabolic reflector C-band weather radar located at the Selex Systems Integration (SI) facilities in Neuss, Germany. The experiment consists of the comparison of weather radar measurements taken 1.5 minutes apart in two hardware configurations, namely with cross-coupling on (cc_on) and cross-coupling off (cc_off). It is experimentally demonstrated that eigenvalue-derived variables are invariant with respect to antenna cross-channel coupling. This property had to be expected, since the eigenvalues of the Coherency matrix are SU(2) invariant. C1 [Galletti, Michele] US DOE, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gekat, Frank; Goelz, Peter] Selex Syst Integrat GmbH, Gematron Weather Radar Syst, D-41470 Neuss, Germany. [Zrnic, Dusan S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Galletti, M (reprint author), US DOE, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM mgalletti@bnl.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 502 EP 509 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700086 ER PT S AU Nai, F Torres, S Palmer, R AF Nai, Feng Torres, Sebastian Palmer, Robert GP IEEE TI Adaptive Beamforming for Weather Observations Using the Atmospheric Imaging Radar SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR AB An advantage of phased- array radars that has not been fully investigated is the application of digital beamforming for weather observations. With adaptive beamforming, the radar can change the beam pattern to reduce the impact of ground clutter and other interference on the estimation of meteorological variables. Many adaptive beamforming methods have been developed for applications involving signals that can be modeled as point sources. However, the received signal by weather radars is from distributed targets, namely the hydrometeors that fill spaces much larger than the radar resolution volume. Thus, direct application of adaptive beamforming methods intended for point sources to weather radars could lead to significant biases in estimated signal parameters. An initial study to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing adaptive beamforming for weather observation was conducted using data collected by the Atmospheric Imaging Radar. These data are the first high-resolution (both temporal and spatial) simultaneous cross-section measurements through rapidly evolving storms. C1 [Nai, Feng; Torres, Sebastian; Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Nai, Feng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Torres, Sebastian] NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Nai, F (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 709 EP 713 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700122 ER PT S AU Perera, S Pan, Y Zhao, Q Zhang, Y Zrnic, D Doviak, RJ AF Perera, Sudantha (David) Pan, Yu Zhao, Qing Zhang, Yan (Rockee) Zrnic, Dusan Doviak, Richard J. GP IEEE TI A Fully Reconfigurable Polarimetric Phased Array Testbed: Antenna Inntegration and Initial Measurements SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PHASED ARRAY SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY SE IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems & Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology CY OCT 15-18, 2013 CL Waltham, MA SP IEEE AB The Configurable Phased Array Demonstrator (CPAD) is a low-cost, reconfigurable, small scale testbed for dual-polarized phased array antenna prototype. It is based on the concept that individual TR modules and radiating elements can be configured in different ways to study the impact of array manifolds on the radiation pattern performance. As an example, a 4 by 4 planar array was constructed with CPAD to support the Multi-Functional Phased Array Radar (MPAR) system developments, and the initial simulation and measurement results of this system are compared. C1 [Perera, Sudantha (David); Pan, Yu; Zhao, Qing; Zhang, Yan (Rockee)] Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Perera, Sudantha (David); Pan, Yu; Zhao, Qing; Zhang, Yan (Rockee)] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan; Doviak, Richard J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Perera, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM UAS@ou.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1554-8422 BN 978-1-4673-1127-4 J9 IEEE INT SYMP PHASE PY 2013 BP 799 EP 806 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC1WA UT WOS:000350442700135 ER PT J AU Baynes, FN Quinlan, F Fortier, TM Beling, A Zhou, Q Cross, A Campbell, JC Diddams, SA AF Baynes, F. N. Quinlan, F. Fortier, T. M. Beling, A. Zhou, Q. Cross, A. Campbell, J. C. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI Optical frequency division for ultralow phase noise microwave generation SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL TOPICAL MEETING ON MICROWAVE PHOTONICS (MWP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP) CY OCT 28-31, 2013 CL Alexandria, VA SP IEEE, IEEE Photon Soc, IEICE, Discovery Semicond Inc, IEEE MTT S, Northrop Grumman DE microwave photonics; phase noise; ultrafast optics; optical cavities AB A stable optical frequency is phase-coherently divided to generate ultralow-noise 10 GHz signals having phase noise below -100 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz and a white noise of -177 dBc/Hz at higher offset frequencies. We discuss the technical and fundamental challenges of this approach, along with potential for integration of the components in a portable and robust system. C1 [Baynes, F. N.; Quinlan, F.; Fortier, T. M.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Beling, A.; Zhou, Q.; Cross, A.; Campbell, J. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Baynes, FN (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM frederick.baynes@nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6071-5 PY 2013 BP 333 EP 335 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC1NL UT WOS:000350285600086 ER PT J AU Park, SH Park, JS Hee-Seo Lee, SK Shin, HS Kim, HD AF Park, Se-Hwan Park, June-SiC Hee-Seo Lee, Seung Kyu Shin, Hee-Sung Kim, Ho Dong GP IEEE TI Development of SiC Detector for the Harsh Environment Applications SO 2013 IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM AND MEDICAL IMAGING CONFERENCE (NSS/MIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 60th IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS) / Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) / 20th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors CY OCT 27-NOV 02, 2013 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Nucl & Plasma Sci Soc ID CARBIDE SEMICONDUCTOR-DETECTORS; NEUTRON RESPONSE; RADIATION AB Silicon carbide (SiC) radiation detector was developed at Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) for the harsh environment applications, which include power monitor of the reactor core of the nuclear power plant. The wide band gap of SiC semiconductor makes the SiC attractive candidate for use in high temperature and high radiation environment. The effects of radiation irradiation on the detector performance were studied. Especially, the effect of metal electrode on the radiation tolerance of the SiC detector was investigated. The leakage currents and the alpha energy spectra measured with the SiC detectors were compared before and after the neutron and gamma-ray irradiation. The operation properties of the SiC detector were also measured as the temperature of the detector was increased. A water-proof SiC detector assembly was fabricated as a power monitor of the power plant. The reactor power was successfully monitored in the reactor core of High-flux Advanced Neutron Application ReactOr (HANARO) of KAERI with the detector assembly. C1 [Park, Se-Hwan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Park, Se-Hwan; Park, June-SiC; Hee-Seo; Lee, Seung Kyu; Shin, Hee-Sung; Kim, Ho Dong] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Daejoen 305353, South Korea. RP Park, SH (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM park@boulder.nist.gog; park@lamar.colostate.edu; hee-seo@nrim.go.jp FU U.S. Department of Commerce [BS123456] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant No. BS123456 (sponsor acknowledgment goes here). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0534-8 PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Physics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BB8OY UT WOS:000347163503222 ER PT S AU Newbury, NR Giorgetta, FR Swann, W Sinclair, L Baumann, E Coddington, I AF Newbury, Nathan R. Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Swann, William Sinclair, Laura Baumann, Esther Coddington, Ian GP IEEE TI High-Performance Free-Space Photonic Links for Frequency/Time Transfer SO 2013 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Bellevue, WA SP IEEE, Amer Chem Soc, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Inst, IEEE Cloud Comp, LioniX ID DECIMAL PLACE; METROLOGY; CLOCKS AB We discuss optical two-way time and frequency transfer over air to connect remote optical clocks/oscillators. This method can link remote sites with a residual timing noise of femtoseconds and a residual fractional accuracy below 10(-18). Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Newbury, Nathan R.; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Swann, William; Sinclair, Laura; Baumann, Esther; Coddington, Ian] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1507-5 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2013 BP 201 EP 202 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE2RE UT WOS:000369918000109 ER PT S AU Fortier, TM Quinlan, F Nelson, CW Hati, A Fu, Y Campbell, JC Diddams, SA AF Fortier, T. M. Quinlan, F. Nelson, C. W. Hati, A. Fu, Y. Campbell, J. C. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI Photonic microwave generation with high-power photodiodes SO 2013 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Bellevue, WA SP IEEE, Amer Chem Soc, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Inst, IEEE Cloud Comp, LioniX ID TRAVELING-CARRIER PHOTODIODE AB Using modified uni-travelling carrier photodiodes that exhibit high linearity at high photocurrent we have generated a 10 GHz microwave carrier via optical frequency division with sub 500 attosecond absolute timing jitter (1Hz - 10 MHz). C1 [Fortier, T. M.; Quinlan, F.; Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway MS 847, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Fu, Y.; Campbell, J. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway MS 847, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1507-5 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2013 BP 350 EP 351 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE2RE UT WOS:000369918000177 ER PT S AU Nam, S Calkins, B Gerritts, T Harrington, S Lita, AE Marsili, F Verma, VB Vayshenker, I Mirin, RP Shaw, M Farr, W Stern, JA AF Nam, S. Calkins, B. Gerritts, T. Harrington, S. Lita, A. E. Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Vayshenker, I. Mirin, R. P. Shaw, M. Farr, W. Stern, J. A. GP IEEE TI Superconducting Nanowire Avalanche Photodetectors SO 2013 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Bellevue, WA SP IEEE, Amer Chem Soc, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Inst, IEEE Cloud Comp, LioniX C1 [Nam, S.; Calkins, B.; Gerritts, T.; Harrington, S.; Lita, A. E.; Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Vayshenker, I.; Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, M.; Farr, W.; Stern, J. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Nam, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1507-5 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2013 BP 366 EP 367 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE2RE UT WOS:000369918000185 ER PT S AU Quinlan, F Baynes, FN Fortier, TM Zhou, Q Cross, A Campbell, JC Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, F. Baynes, F. N. Fortier, T. M. Zhou, Q. Cross, A. Campbell, J. C. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI Low noise microwave generation with Er: fiber laser optical frequency dividers SO 2013 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY SEP 08-12, 2013 CL Bellevue, WA SP IEEE, Amer Chem Soc, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Inst, IEEE Cloud Comp, LioniX DE microwave photonics; phase noise; ultrafast optics AB We describe noise limitations associated with Er: fiber-based optical frequency dividers. A low-noise Er: fiber laser combined with optimized photodetection results in 5 GHz signals having phase noise floors of -176 dBc/Hz. C1 [Quinlan, F.; Baynes, F. N.; Fortier, T. M.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhou, Q.; Cross, A.; Campbell, J. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov; sdiddams@boulder_nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1507-5 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2013 BP 408 EP 409 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE2RE UT WOS:000369918000205 ER PT S AU Benkstein, KD Rogers, PH Montgomery, CB Semancik, S Jin, C Raman, B AF Benkstein, K. D. Rogers, P. H. Montgomery, C. B. Semancik, S. Jin, C. Raman, B. GP IEEE TI Microsensor Analyses for Trace Targets over Extended Times in a Simulated Martian Environment SO 2013 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council ID METHANE; MARS AB We have studied the performance of a chemical microsensor array in a simulated Martian environment, which involved a carbon dioxide-rich background with low oxygen content (0.15 %) at low pressure and temperature to mimic the conditions at the Martian surface. Gas-phase target analytes (methane, ethane, hydrogen and sulfur dioxide) in complex ternary mixtures at concentrations of 200 nmol/mol and below were presented to the microsensor array under these conditions. The array featured individual metal oxide sensing elements on microhotplate platforms. We will review our operational approach for this extraterrestrial environment and report on the capabilities of the microsensor for detecting the target analytes. In particular, we will emphasize the application of Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) models for the detection of the analytes, and discuss how the microsensor array performed over extended periods of operation (up to 3 weeks between training and test exposures). C1 [Benkstein, K. D.; Rogers, P. H.; Montgomery, C. B.; Semancik, S.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jin, C.; Raman, B.] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO USA. RP Benkstein, KD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kurt.benkstein@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4673-4642-9 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2013 BP 16 EP 19 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF0XP UT WOS:000379846100005 ER PT S AU Choi, CJ Semancik, S AF Choi, Charles J. Semancik, Steve GP IEEE TI Fabrication and Characterization of a Dual-mode SPR/SERS Sensor Based on Plasmonic Nanodome Arrays SO 2013 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council ID ENHANCED-FLUORESCENCE; BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; RESONANCE AB This work describes a label-free, optical sensor system fabricated on a flexible plastic film with dual detection modalities: surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for specific chemical identification and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) for capture-affinity biosensing. The sensor surface is comprised of a close-packed array of 383 nm diameter dome structures with interdome spacing of 14 nm, fabricated by a nanoreplica molding process and unpatterned blanket deposition of SiO2 and Ag thin films. The nanoreplica molding process presented in this work allows for simple, high-throughput fabrication of uniform nanoscale structures (nanodome arrays) over large surface areas without the requirement for high resolution lithography, additional processes such as etching and liftoff, or defect-free deposition of spherical microparticle monolayer templates. Such fabrication characteristics are important for realizing high performance, low-cost measurement technology. C1 [Choi, Charles J.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.choi@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4673-4642-9 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2013 BP 21 EP 24 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF0XP UT WOS:000379846100007 ER PT S AU Vergara, A Benkstein, KD Semancik, S AF Vergara, Alexander Benkstein, Kurt D. Semancik, Steve GP IEEE TI Thermally-Assisted Transient Analysis for Reducing the Response Time of Microhotplate Gas Sensors SO 2013 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council ID NOSE AB This study examines methods for decreasing the response time of chemiresistive, metal oxide microhotplate gas sensors. We describe a successful approach that employs an innovative pulsed-temperature operation methodology for increasing the speeds at which analytes may be recognized. By implementing the suggested strategy, we obtain, in a data-driven fashion, insights into the transduction mechanisms of nanostructured sensing-films that may ultimately guide the selection of modulating frequencies that optimally reduce the sensor-analyte response time while preserving its high discrimination and quantification performance. C1 [Vergara, Alexander; Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vergara, A (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.vergaratinoco@nist.gov; kurt.benkstein@nist.gov; stephen.semancik@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4673-4642-9 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2013 BP 133 EP 136 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF0XP UT WOS:000379846100035 ER PT S AU Benkstein, KD Vergara, A Montgomery, CB Semancik, S Raman, B AF Benkstein, K. D. Vergara, A. Montgomery, C. B. Semancik, S. Raman, B. GP IEEE TI Methods for Optimizing and Extending the Performance of Chemiresistive Gas Microsensors SO 2013 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council ID INTEGRATION; ARRAYS AB This paper briefly describes varied concepts developed and implemented to enhance the performance of gas-phase chemical microsensors. The developments are illustrated for chemiresistive microdevices, and involve efficient, array-based approaches to sensing materials selection and optimization, formulation of custom operating modes, and the use of bioinspired and life-extending methods. These developments, which are essentially modular in nature, can enable required levels of sensitivity and speed while also introducing application-specific selectivity. Examples from diverse application areas are provided to demonstrate performance characteristics and extended operation capabilities. C1 [Benkstein, K. D.; Vergara, A.; Montgomery, C. B.; Semancik, S.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raman, B.] Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, St Louis, MO USA. RP Benkstein, KD (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.semancik@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4673-4642-9 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2013 BP 282 EP 285 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF0XP UT WOS:000379846100073 ER PT S AU Shen, ZL Sintim, HO Semancik, S AF Shen, Zuliang Sintim, Herman O. Semancik, Steve GP IEEE TI Temperature-Controlled Electrochemical Microwell Platform for Studying Biomolecular Interactions SO 2013 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council ID DNA AB We designed and fabricated, on a 4-inch wafer, prototype devices for proof-of-concept studies on biomolecular interactions. The platform includes eight probe sites, each consisting of one 200 nm thick platinum (Pt) heater, one 200 nm gold (Au) and two 200 nm Pt electrodes, as well as a 20 mu L polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) well for electrochemical probing of samples. The Pt heaters have the ability to increase sample temperatures up to 120 degrees C. The device can perform electrochemical binding based measurements that detect changes in methylene blue (MB)-labeled DNA attached on the Au electrodes. C1 [Shen, Zuliang; Sintim, Herman O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Shen, ZL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hsintim@umd.edu; stephen.semancik@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4673-4642-9 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2013 BP 960 EP 962 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF0XP UT WOS:000379846100230 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Schulz, M Fritze, H AF Johnson, W. L. Schulz, M. Fritze, H. GP IEEE TI Acoustic and electrical properties of Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 piezoelectric resonators at elevated temperatures SO 2013 IEEE SENSORS SE IEEE Sensors LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th IEEE Sensors Conference CY NOV 03-06, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Sensors Council ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LA3GA5SIO14; LANGASITE; LANGANITE; GROWTH AB Synthetic piezoelectric crystals in the P321 crystal class have been a focus of substantial research in relation to their application in high-temperature resonant bulk-acoustic-wave (BAW) and surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) sensors. Most of this research has been on partially disordered langasite (LGS) and langatate (LGT), but fully ordered crystals in this class, such as Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 (CTGS), have been suggested as offering potentially superior performance. In this study, acoustic characteristics and electrical conductivity of CTGS bulk acoustic resonators with a crystal orientation of (YXl) -30 degrees are investigated at the fundamental mode of 5 MHz and overtones of 15 MHz and 25 MHz in the temperature range from room temperature to 1100 degrees C. Magnitudes of the fractional changes in frequency with temperature are found to be less than 41x10(-6) K-1 over this range, with turnover temperatures near 200 degrees C for the third and fifth overtones. The acoustic loss Q(-1) at ambient temperatures is greater than the lowest values previously reported for LGS and LGT. Between 100 degrees C and 700 degrees C, Q(-1) has two anelastic relaxation peaks that are similar to those previously reported for LGS and LGT. The electrical conductivity over the range from 500 degrees C to 1100 degrees C is found to be approximately an order of magnitude lower than that previously reported for LGS, and this leads to a reduction in. Q(-1) at elevated temperatures. C1 [Johnson, W. L.] NIST, 325 Broadway St,MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schulz, M.; Fritze, H.] Tech Univ Clausthal, D-38640 Goslar, Germany. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St,MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-0395 BN 978-1-4673-4642-9 J9 IEEE SENSOR PY 2013 BP 1763 EP 1766 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BF0XP UT WOS:000379846100428 ER PT S AU Donley, EA Esnault, FX Blanshan, E Kitching, J AF Donley, E. A. Esnault, F. -X. Blanshan, E. Kitching, J. GP IEEE TI Cancellation of Doppler Shifts in a Cold-Atom CPT Clock SO 2013 JOINT EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM & INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (EFTF/IFC) SE Joint European Frequency and Time Forum and International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint European Frequency and Time Forum / International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC) CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC DE Atomic Clocks; Coherent Population Trapping; Doppler Shift; Laser Cooling; Ramsey Spectroscopy ID RESONANCE; CONTRAST AB A compact cold-atom clock based on coherent population trapping (CPT) is being developed. Long-term goals for the clock include achieving a fractional frequency accuracy of 1x10(-13) in a package of less than 10 cm(3) in volume. Here we present an overview of a prototype clock design, and a systematic evaluation of the first-order Doppler shift. We also introduce our second-generation physics package. C1 [Donley, E. A.; Esnault, F. -X.; Blanshan, E.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elizabeth.donley@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2327-1914 BN 978-1-4799-0342-9 J9 JOINT CONF IEEE INT PY 2013 BP 445 EP 447 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA BC0YR UT WOS:000349844200110 ER PT S AU Niederriter, RD Hinko, K AF Niederriter, Robert D. Hinko, Kathleen BE Engelhardt, PV Churukian, AD Jones, DL TI Using Physics Lab Tours For Pre-College Students To Promote Scientific Identity SO 2013 PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH CONFERENCE SE Physics Education Research Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Physics Education Research (PER) Conference on From Fearing Physics to Having Fun with Physics - Exploring the Affective Domain of Physics Learning from Multiple Perspectives CY JUL 17-18, 2013 CL Portland, OR DE physics education; informal learning; lab tours; field trips; identity; children AB Drawing on the NAS/NRC goals of identity and engagement, we construct a framework for promoting scientific identity through field trips and lab tours. Design of lab tours for the Partnerships for Informal Science Education in the Community (PISEC) program is presented as an example of applying this framework. We evaluate the success of PISEC's redesigned field trips and lab tours based on observations and analysis of students' questions during lab tours. Students' dialogue during lab tours seeks to know what scientists do and who scientists are, aligning with our goals and with the identity framework. C1 [Niederriter, Robert D.; Hinko, Kathleen] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hinko, Kathleen] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hinko, Kathleen] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Niederriter, RD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS PI COLLEGE PARK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PARK, MD 20740-3845 USA SN 2377-2379 BN 978-1-931024-22-8 J9 PHYS EDUC RES CONF PY 2013 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1119/perc.2013.pr.054 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA BE7DZ UT WOS:000375141800064 ER PT B AU Holloway, CL Gordon, J Jefferts, S Heavner, T AF Holloway, Christopher L. Gordon, Josh Jefferts, Steven Heavner, Thomas GP IEEE TI Rydberg Atom Based Self-Calibrating RF E-Field Probe SO 2013 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AP-S/URSI-USNC Symposium CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, URSI, USNC C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Gordon, Josh; Jefferts, Steven; Heavner, Thomas] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1128-8; 978-1-4799-1129-5 PY 2013 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC0ZE UT WOS:000349862100001 ER PT B AU Holloway, CL Kuester, EF AF Holloway, Christopher L. Kuester, E. F. GP IEEE TI Surface Waves, Complex Modes, and Leaky Waves on a Metasurface SO 2013 USNC-URSI RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (JOINT WITH AP-S SYMPOSIUM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE AP-S/URSI-USNC Symposium CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, URSI, USNC C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kuester, E. F.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1128-8; 978-1-4799-1129-5 PY 2013 BP 21 EP 21 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BC0ZE UT WOS:000349862100021 ER PT S AU Leber, DD Herrmann, JW AF Leber, Dennis D. Herrmann, Jeffrey W. GP IEEE TI ALLOCATING ATTRIBUTE-SPECIFIC INFORMATION-GATHERING RESOURCES TO IMPROVE SELECTION DECISIONS SO 2013 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC) SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference on Simulation - Making Decisions in a Complex World CY DEC 08-11, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Assoc Comp Machinery, Special Interest Grp Simulat, Amer Stat Assoc, Arbeitsgemeinschaft Simulat, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Syst, Man, & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, Inst Operat Res & Management Sci, Simulat Soc, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB When collecting data to select an alternative from a finite set of alternatives that are described by multiple attributes, one must allocate effort to activities that provide information about the value of each attribute. This is a particularly relevant problem when the attribute values are estimated using experimental data. This paper discusses the problem of allocating an experimental budget amongst two attributes when the non-dominated decision alternatives form a concave efficient frontier. The results of a simulation study suggested allocation rules that take advantage of knowledge of the decision model and, when available, knowledge about the general shape of the frontier. These rules were compared to a default rule that equally allocated the experimental budget across the attributes. A proportional rule that allocated samples based on the value function weights performed well only in some cases; a more sophisticated step rule increased the frequency of correct selection across all weights. C1 [Leber, Dennis D.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herrmann, Jeffrey W.] Univ Maryland, A James Clark Sch Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Leber, DD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8980, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dennis.leber@nist.gov; jwh2@umd.edu NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4799-3950-3; 978-1-4799-2077-8 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2013 BP 101 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC0YO UT WOS:000349838400009 ER PT B AU Parrish, CE AF Parrish, Christopher E. BE Yang, X Li, J TI Shoreline mapping SO ADVANCES IN MAPPING FROM REMOTE SENSOR IMAGERY: TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIDAR C1 [Parrish, Christopher E.] NOAA, Remote Sensing Div, NGS, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Parrish, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Remote Sensing Div, NGS, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-7459-2; 978-1-4398-7458-5 PY 2013 BP 145 EP 168 PG 24 WC Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BC2TN UT WOS:000351308500007 ER PT J AU Kim, HJG Dima, A Athelogou, M Bar Noy, E Lu, J Saiprasad, G Beaumont, H Colditz, D Buckler, A AF Kim, H. J. G. Dima, A. Athelogou, M. Bar Noy, E. Lu, J. Saiprasad, G. Beaumont, H. Colditz, D. Buckler, A. TI Comparative Evaluation Of Multiple Programs Designed To Estimate Nodule Volumes From Computer Tomography Scans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kim, H. J. G.; Bar Noy, E.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Dima, A.; Lu, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Athelogou, M.; Colditz, D.] DEFiNiENS, Munich, Germany. [Saiprasad, G.] Maryland Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. [Beaumont, H.] MEDIAN, Nice, France. [Buckler, A.] BBMSC, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 25 BROADWAY, 18 FL, NEW YORK, NY 10004 USA SN 1073-449X EI 1535-4970 J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PY 2013 VL 187 MA A2347 PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA V45TO UT WOS:000209839101519 ER PT J AU Lewis, L Lamb, SV Schaefer, AM Reif, JS Bossart, GD Fair, PA AF Lewis, Lisa Lamb, Stephen V. Schaefer, Adam M. Reif, John S. Bossart, Gregory D. Fair, Patricia A. TI Influence of Collection and Storage Conditions on Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) Measurements in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; ACTH; collection method; anticoagulant; EDTA; heparin; temperature; bottlenose dolphins; Tursiops truncatus AB Identifying the effects of stressors on marine mammal health is critical for species conservation and collection. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) is a key indicator of peracute stress; however, handling methods may affect results. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of collection methods and storage temperature on the stability of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) ACTH measurements. Blood was collected from five managed- care bottlenose dolphins in four vacutainers T in the following sequence: EDTA, sodium heparin, serum separator, and 2nd EDTA. The specimens were centrifuged, processed immediately, aliquoted into plasma and serum, and divided into four equal volumes. These aliquots were immediately stored at either 4 degrees or - 80 degrees C for 24 h prior to the ACTH assay. ACTH concentrations were compared between the collection tube types and the storage temperatures. There was a significant difference in ACTH concentration across collection tube types. ACTH concentrations were highest in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes and lowest in serum separator tubes at both temperatures. Twenty-four hour storage temperature did not have a statistically significant impact on mean ACTH concentration. There was no significant difference in ACTH concentration between the first and last drawn EDTA tubes. Bottlenose dolphin whole blood should be collected in EDTA for ACTH measurement. Samples may be refrigerated and shipped on cold packs if assayed within 24 h of collection or immediately frozen and shipped. When multiple samples are collected in various collection tubes at the same time, the order in which tubes are filled does not affect the ACTH measurement. C1 [Lewis, Lisa; Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lamb, Stephen V.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Endocrinol Lab, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Schaefer, Adam M.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 39446 USA. [Reif, John S.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. RP Lewis, L (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pat.fair@noaa.gov FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; Office of Naval Research Award [N0001411IP20081] FX The authors thank Jeff L. Pawloski and the animal care and management staff of Sea Life Park, Dolphin Discovery, Waimanalo, Hawaii, for collection of the bottlenose dolphin blood samples and the Animal Health Diagnostic Center Endocrinology Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, for ACTH analysis. This study was supported, in part, through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR and Office of Naval Research Award N0001411IP20081. NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1578/AM.39.4.2013.324 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA V45JF UT WOS:000209812200002 ER PT J AU Nowacek, DP Broker, K Donovan, G Gailey, G Racca, R Reeves, RR Vedenev, AI Weller, DW Southall, BL AF Nowacek, Douglas P. Broker, Koen Donovan, Greg Gailey, Glenn Racca, Roberto Reeves, Randall R. Vedenev, Alexander I. Weller, David W. Southall, Brandon L. TI Responsible Practices for Minimizing and Monitoring Environmental Impacts of Marine Seismic Surveys with an Emphasis on Marine Mammals SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE seismic; survey; planning; mammal; mitigation; monitoring; marine; Sakhalin AB Marine seismic surveys, which use loud, primarily low-frequency sound to penetrate the sea floor, are known to disturb and could harm marine life. The use of these surveys for conventional and alternative offshore energy development as well as research is expanding. Given their proliferation and potential for negative environmental impact, there is a growing need for systematic planning and operational standards to eliminate or at least minimize impacts, especially when surveys occur in sensitive areas. Mitigating immediate impacts is obviously critical, but monitoring for short-as well as long-term effects and impacts is also needed. Regulatory requirements for both mitigation and monitoring vary widely from one country or jurisdiction to another. Historically, most have focused on acute effects but share a common objective of minimizing potential adverse impacts. Specific examples in different areas are given to illustrate general approaches for predicting, minimizing, and measuring impacts for operations in essentially any marine environment. The critical elements of a robust mitigation and monitoring plan for responsibly conducting marine seismic surveys include obtaining baseline ecological data; substantial advance planning, communication, and critical review; integrated acoustic and visual monitoring during operations; and systematic analysis of results to inform future planning and mitigation. C1 [Nowacek, Douglas P.; Southall, Brandon L.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Nowacek, Douglas P.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Pratt Sch Engn, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Broker, Koen] Shell Global Solut, NL-2288 GK Rijswijk, Netherlands. [Donovan, Greg] Int Whaling Commiss, Cambridge CB24 9NP, England. [Gailey, Glenn] Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Racca, Roberto] JASCO Appl Sci Ltd, Victoria, BC V8Z 7X8, Canada. [Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Associates, Hudson, PQ J0P 1H0, Canada. [Vedenev, Alexander I.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Weller, David W.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Southall Environm Associates, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. [Southall, Brandon L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Aptos, CA 95003 USA. RP Nowacek, DP (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM dpn3@duke.edu FU Sakhalin Energy Investment Company; UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) FX This article is an outcome of work that took place during the period 2006 to 2012 within the context of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel, convened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and supported by Sakhalin Energy Investment Company. A small grant to IUCN from the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) was used specifically to enable the lead authors (DPN and BLS) to devote time to the preparation of the manuscript. NR 43 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 5 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 356 EP 377 DI 10.1578/AM.39.4.2013.356 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA V45JF UT WOS:000209812200005 ER PT J AU Ponnampalam, LS Hines, EM Monanunsap, S Ilangakoon, AD Junchompoo, C Adulyanukosol, K Morse, LJ AF Ponnampalam, Louisa S. Hines, Ellen M. Monanunsap, Somchai Ilangakoon, Anoukchika D. Junchompoo, Chalatip Adulyanukosol, Kanjana Morse, Laura J. TI Behavioral Observations of Coastal Irrawaddy Dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris) in Trat Province, Eastern Gulf of Thailand SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article C1 [Ponnampalam, Louisa S.] Univ Malaya, Inst Ocean & Earth Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. [Hines, Ellen M.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Dept Geog & Environm, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Monanunsap, Somchai] Dept Marine & Coastal Resources, Southern Marine & Coastal Resources Res Ctr, Songkhla 90100, Thailand. [Junchompoo, Chalatip] Dept Marine & Coastal Resources, Eastern Marine & Coastal Resources Res Ctr, Rayong 21170, Thailand. [Adulyanukosol, Kanjana] Marine & Coastal Resources Res Ctr, Upper Gulf, Thailand. [Adulyanukosol, Kanjana] Dept Marine & Coastal Resources, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand. [Morse, Laura J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ponnampalam, LS (reprint author), Univ Malaya, Inst Ocean & Earth Sci, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. EM louisa.ponnampalam@gmail.com FU Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hong Kong; Indo-Pacific Cetacean Research Fund, Australia; PADI Project Aware, Australia FX We would like to thank the Government of Thailand and the National Research Council of Thailand for permitting us to conduct our research in Trat Province (Permit Number 108/54). We thank the staff from the Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research Centre for all their efforts in helping with data collection. Appreciation goes out to our skippers and Hom our songthaew driver for their kind hospitality and assistance. Thank you to Vivian Kuit for assisting us with editing some of the figures. Last, but not least, this project would not be possible without the financial support of the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hong Kong; the Indo-Pacific Cetacean Research Fund, Australia; and PADI Project Aware, Australia. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 4 BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1578/AM.39.4.2013.401 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA V45JF UT WOS:000209812200010 ER PT S AU Avens, L Snover, ML AF Avens, Larisa Snover, Melissa L. BE Wyneken, J Lohmann, KJ Musick, JA TI Age and Age Estimation in Sea Turtles SO Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol III SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ASPARTIC-ACID RACEMIZATION; LOGGERHEAD CARETTA-CARETTA; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LONG-LIVED BIRDS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BOMB RADIOCARBON CHRONOLOGIES; RIDLEY LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-PINNIGER; LENGTH-FREQUENCY-ANALYSIS C1 [Avens, Larisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Snover, Melissa L.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR USA. RP Avens, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 254 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-7308-3; 978-1-4398-7307-6 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2013 BP 97 EP 133 D2 10.1201/b13895 PG 37 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LE UT WOS:000353356900006 ER PT S AU Jensen, MP FitzSimmons, NN Dutton, PH AF Jensen, Michael P. FitzSimmons, Nancy N. Dutton, Peter H. BE Wyneken, J Lohmann, KJ Musick, JA TI Molecular Genetics of Sea Turtles SO Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol III SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA MARKERS; CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES; IMMATURE GREEN TURTLES; POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; CHELONIA-MYDAS POPULATIONS; CARETTA-CARETTA; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; MULTIPLE PATERNITY; MARINE TURTLES C1 [Jensen, Michael P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [FitzSimmons, Nancy N.] Griffith Univ, Sch Environm, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. [Dutton, Peter H.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 185 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-7308-3; 978-1-4398-7307-6 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2013 BP 135 EP 161 D2 10.1201/b13895 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LE UT WOS:000353356900007 ER PT S AU Saba, VS AF Saba, Vincent S. BE Wyneken, J Lohmann, KJ Musick, JA TI Oceanic Habits and Habitats Dermochelys coriacea SO Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol III SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEATHERBACK-SEA-TURTLES; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CHRYSAORA-QUINQUECIRRHA; MARINE RESOURCES; NORTH-SEA; JELLYFISH; ATLANTIC; IDENTIFICATION; CONSERVATION C1 [Saba, Vincent S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Saba, Vincent S.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Saba, VS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-7308-3; 978-1-4398-7307-6 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2013 BP 163 EP 188 D2 10.1201/b13895 PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LE UT WOS:000353356900008 ER PT S AU Mansfield, KL Putman, NF AF Mansfield, Katherine L. Putman, Nathan F. BE Wyneken, J Lohmann, KJ Musick, JA TI Oceanic Habits and Habitats Caretta caretta SO Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol III SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; REGIONAL MAGNETIC-FIELDS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; CROSS-FRONTAL EXCHANGE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TRANSOCEANIC MIGRATIONS; BREEDING AGGREGATION C1 [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Florida Int Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Mansfield, KL (reprint author), Florida Int Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33199 USA. NR 136 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-7308-3; 978-1-4398-7307-6 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2013 BP 189 EP 210 D2 10.1201/b13895 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LE UT WOS:000353356900009 ER PT S AU Jones, TT Seminoff, JA AF Jones, T. Todd Seminoff, Jeffrey A. BE Wyneken, J Lohmann, KJ Musick, JA TI Feeding Biology Advances from Field-Based Observations, Physiological Studies, and Molecular Techniques SO Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol III SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TURTLES CHELONIA-MYDAS; LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; IMMATURE GREEN TURTLES; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA REPTILIA; PACIFIC LEATHERBACK TURTLES; GORGONA-NATIONAL-PARK; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA C1 [Jones, T. Todd] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Jones, TT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NR 240 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-7308-3; 978-1-4398-7307-6 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2013 BP 211 EP 247 D2 10.1201/b13895 PG 37 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LE UT WOS:000353356900010 ER PT S AU Keller, JM AF Keller, Jennifer M. BE Wyneken, J Lohmann, KJ Musick, JA TI Exposure to and Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants SO Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol III SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDE LEVELS; BAJA-CALIFORNIA PENINSULA; DUGONGS DUGONG-DUGON; GREAT-LAKES BASIN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS C1 NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 129 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-7308-3; 978-1-4398-7307-6 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2013 BP 285 EP 328 D2 10.1201/b13895 PG 44 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LE UT WOS:000353356900012 ER PT S AU Lewison, R Wallace, B Alfaro-Shigueto, J Mangel, JC Maxwell, SM Hazen, EL AF Lewison, Rebecca Wallace, Bryan Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna Mangel, Jeffrey C. Maxwell, Sara M. Hazen, Elliott L. BE Wyneken, J Lohmann, KJ Musick, JA TI Fisheries Bycatch of Marine Turtles Lessons Learned from Decades of Research and Conservation SO Biology of Sea Turtles, Vol III SE CRC Marine Biology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOGGERHEAD SEA-TURTLES; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; EXCLUDER DEVICES; CARETTA-CARETTA; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; INCIDENTAL CAPTURE; POPULATION-MODEL C1 [Lewison, Rebecca] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Wallace, Bryan] Ocean Soc, Washington, DC USA. [Wallace, Bryan] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.] ProDelphinus, Lima, Peru. [Alfaro-Shigueto, Joanna; Mangel, Jeffrey C.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Maxwell, Sara M.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Maxwell, Sara M.] Marine Conservat Inst, Glen Ellen, CA USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Lewison, R (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. OI Lewison, Rebecca/0000-0003-3065-2926 NR 147 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 2154-7769 BN 978-1-4398-7308-3; 978-1-4398-7307-6 J9 CRC MAR BIOL SER JI CRC Mar. Biol. Ser. PY 2013 BP 329 EP 351 D2 10.1201/b13895 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LE UT WOS:000353356900013 ER PT J AU Doerr, JC Hill, RL AF Doerr, Jennifer C. Hill, Ronald L. TI Home range, movement rates, and habitat use of queen conch, Strombus gigas, in St. John, US Virgin Islands SO CARIBBEAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Core area; habitat use; home range; site fidelity; spatial distribution AB The queen conch, Strombus gigas, is a highly valued fishery resource in the Caribbean basin, historically second only to the spiny lobster. Currently listed in Appendix II of CITES, historical surveys from the U.S. Virgin Islands have documented wide-spread reductions in population densities. Habitat use and movement patterns of queen conch differ by size and maturity status, making it important to identify areas and habitat types that can play a role in the recovery of this species. We tracked long-term movements and spatial distributions of conch in St. John, USVI, using visual surveys coupled with mark-and-recapture techniques. Juvenile conch exhibited the smallest mean home range (95% contour) and core area (50% contour) at 8470 m(2) and 2083 m(2), respectively, but had the largest aggregate home range (115,410 m(2)) and aggregate core area (55,055 m(2)). Transitional conch had the largest mean home range and core area at 18,203 m(2) and 4944 m(2), respectively, with an aggregate home range and core area of 113,147 m(2) and 59,067 m(2). Adults had an aggregate home range and core area of 65,045 m(2) and 29,178 m(2), with a mean home range and core area of 14,987 m(2) and 3929 m(2). Adults exhibited the highest daily movement rate at 11.36 m per day, with juvenile and transitional conch having similar rates of 4.66 m per day and 3.44 m per day, respectively. Multiple recapture events of tagged conch showed an ontogenetic shift in habitat use as maturing individuals moved from shallow seagrass habitats into deeper-water macroalgae plains. C1 [Doerr, Jennifer C.; Hill, Ronald L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Doerr, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM Jennifer.Doerr@noaa.gov FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program FX Funding for this work was provided by the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. We thank the staff of the U.S. Virgin Islands National Park Service for their insight and assistance, particularly Rafe Boulon and Thomas Kelley. We also thank the following people for their field and/or laboratory assistance: Rich Appeldoorn, Phil Caldwell, Kimberly Ferran, Gregg Gitschlag, Omar Guerra, Shawn Hillen, Kirk Kilfoyle, Jeff Matthews, Tom Minello, Jennifer Purviance, Jose Rivera, Juan Salas, Ryan Schloesser, and Elizabeth Wilson. The mention of commercial products does not represent an endorsement by NMFS, NOAA, or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU UNIV PUERTO RICO, PI MAYAGUEZ PA COLLEGE ARTS SCIENCES, MAYAGUEZ, PR 00680 USA SN 0008-6452 J9 CARIBB J SCI JI Caribb. J. Sci. PY 2013 VL 47 IS 2-3 BP 251 EP 259 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V43YA UT WOS:000209715500012 ER PT J AU Hunt, KE Moore, MJ Rolland, RM Kellar, NM Hall, AJ Kershaw, J Raverty, SA Davis, CE Yeates, LC Fauquier, DA Rowles, TK Kraus, SD AF Hunt, Kathleen E. Moore, Michael J. Rolland, Rosalind M. Kellar, Nicholas M. Hall, Ailsa J. Kershaw, Joanna Raverty, Stephen A. Davis, Cristina E. Yeates, Laura C. Fauquier, Deborah A. Rowles, Teresa K. Kraus, Scott D. TI Overcoming the challenges of studying conservation physiology in large whales: a review of available methods SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Blow; biopsy dart; Cetacea; faecal samples; non-invasive; visual health assessment AB Large whales are subjected to a variety of conservation pressures that could be better monitored and managed if physiological information could be gathered readily from free-swimming whales. However, traditional approaches to studying physiology have been impractical for large whales, because there is no routine method for capture of the largest species and there is presently no practical method of obtaining blood samples from free-swimming whales. We review the currently available techniques for gathering physiological information on large whales using a variety of non-lethal and minimally invasive (or non-invasive) sample matrices. We focus on methods that should produce information relevant to conservation physiology, e.g. measures relevant to stress physiology, reproductive status, nutritional status, immune response, health, and disease. The following four types of samples are discussed: faecal samples, respiratory samples ('blow'), skin/blubber samples, and photographs. Faecal samples have historically been used for diet analysis but increasingly are also used for hormonal analyses, as well as for assessment of exposure to toxins, pollutants, and parasites. Blow samples contain many hormones as well as respiratory microbes, a diverse array of metabolites, and a variety of immune-related substances. Biopsy dart samples are widely used for genetic, contaminant, and fatty-acid analyses and are now being used for endocrine studies along with proteomic and transcriptomic approaches. Photographic analyses have benefited from recently developed quantitative techniques allowing assessment of skin condition, ectoparasite load, and nutritional status, along with wounds and scars from ship strikes and fishing gear entanglement. Field application of these techniques has the potential to improve our understanding of the physiology of large whales greatly, better enabling assessment of the relative impacts of many anthropogenic and ecological pressures. C1 [Hunt, Kathleen E.; Rolland, Rosalind M.] New England Aquarium, Res Dept, John H Prescott Marine Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kellar, Nicholas M.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hall, Ailsa J.; Kershaw, Joanna] Scottish Oceans Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Raverty, Stephen A.] Anim Hlth Ctr, Abbotsford, BC V6M 1A2, Canada. [Davis, Cristina E.] Univ Calif Davis, Mech & Aerosp Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Yeates, Laura C.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Fauquier, Deborah A.; Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kraus, Scott D.] New England Aquarium, Res Dept, John H Prescott Marine Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Hunt, KE (reprint author), New England Aquarium, Boston, MA 02110 USA. EM huntk@neaq.org RI Moore, Michael J./E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael J./0000-0003-3074-6631 FU United States Office of Naval Research [N000141110435, N000141110540, N0001412WX20890]; United Kingdom Natural Environmental Research Council; National Center for Research Resources, United States National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH Roadmap for Medical Research [UL1 RR024146]; Hartwell Foundation; National Oceanic and Atmopsheric Administration; Marine Mammal Breath Workshop FX This manuscript developed from valuable discussions with the organizers and participants of the United States National Marine Fisheries Service's Marine Mammal Breath Workshop, 13-14 August 2012, in La Jolla, CA, USA. We wish to thank the members of the North Atlantic Right Whale Consortium for collecting samples for right whale studies, permitting use of sightings and life history data, and for decades of dedicated research on these endangered whales. We are grateful to Heather Pettis for assistance with compilation of the visual health-assessment figures, and Jodie Treloar for manuscript assistance. This work was supported by the United States Office of Naval Research (award #N000141110435 to K.E.H., award #N000141110540 to R.M.R., and award #N0001412WX20890 to L.C.Y. and C.E.D.); the United Kingdom Natural Environmental Research Council (supporting A.J.H.); the National Center for Research Resources, a component of the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH; supporting C.E.D.); the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research (UL1 RR024146 supporting C.E.D.); The Hartwell Foundation (supporting C.E.D.) and the 2012 Marine Mammal Breath Workshop, which was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmopsheric Administration's Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. The content of this work is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of these agencies. NR 237 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 AR UNSP cot006 DI 10.1093/conphys/cot006 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA V43TM UT WOS:000209703700016 PM 27293590 ER PT J AU Jordan, LK Mandelman, JW McComb, DM Fordham, SV Carlson, JK Werner, TB AF Jordan, Laura K. Mandelman, John W. McComb, D. Michelle Fordham, Sonja V. Carlson, John K. Werner, Timothy B. TI Linking sensory biology and fisheries bycatch reduction in elasmobranch fishes: a review with new directions for research SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Bycatch reduction; elasmobranch fishes; fisheries; sensory AB Incidental capture, or bycatch, in fisheries represents a substantial threat to the sustainability of elasmobranch populations worldwide. Consequently, researchers are increasingly investigating elasmobranch bycatch reduction methods, including some focused on these species' sensory capabilities, particularly their electrosensory systems. To guide this research, we review current knowledge of elasmobranch sensory biology and feeding ecology with respect to fishing gear interactions and include examples of bycatch reduction methods used for elasmobranchs as well as other taxonomic groups. We discuss potential elasmobranch bycatch reduction strategies for various fishing gear types based on the morphological, physiological, and behavioural characteristics of species within this diverse group. In select examples, we indicate how an understanding of the physiology and sensory biology of vulnerable, bycatch-prone, non-target elasmobranch species can help in the identification of promising options for bycatch reduction. We encourage collaboration among researchers studying bycatch reduction across taxa to provide better understanding of the broad effects of bycatch reduction methods. C1 [Jordan, Laura K.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mandelman, John W.] New England Aquarium, John H Prescott Marine Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [McComb, D. Michelle] Ocean Classrooms, Marine Sci, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Fordham, Sonja V.] Shark Advocates Int, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Werner, Timothy B.] New England Aquarium, Consortium Wildlife Bycatch Reduct, Boston, MA 02110 USA. RP Jordan, LK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM laurakjordan@gmail.com FU Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction at the New England Aquarium under US Department of Commerce NOAA Award [NA10NMF4520343] FX We thank E. Gilman, C. O'Connell, L. Dagorn, V. Restrepo, E. Stroud, and M. Kobza for insight into on-going research projects and bycatch reduction methods. We also thank the anonymous reviewers whose thoughtful comments helped us to improve the manuscript. Opinions expressed herein are of the authors only and do not imply endorsement by any agency or institution associated with the authors. This work was supported by the Consortium for Wildlife Bycatch Reduction at the New England Aquarium under US Department of Commerce NOAA Award (grant no. NA10NMF4520343). NR 201 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 AR cot002 DI 10.1093/conphys/cot002 PG 20 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA V43TM UT WOS:000209703700017 PM 27293586 ER PT J AU Prohaska, BK Tsang, PCW Driggers, WB Hoffmayer, ER Wheeler, CR Brown, AC Sulikowski, JA AF Prohaska, Bianca K. Tsang, Paul C. W. Driggers, William B., III Hoffmayer, Eric R. Wheeler, Carolyn R. Brown, A. Christine Sulikowski, James A. TI Assessing reproductive status in elasmobranch fishes using steroid hormones extracted from skeletal muscle tissue SO CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Steroid hormones; reproductive status; elasmobranch; non-lethal sampling AB Elasmobranch fishes (sharks, skates, and rays) are particularly susceptible to anthropogenic threats, making a thorough understanding of their life history characteristics essential for proper management. Historically, elasmobranch reproductive data have been collected by lethal sampling, an approach that is problematic for threatened and endangered species. However, recent studies have demonstrated that non-lethal approaches can be as effective as lethal ones for assessment of the reproductive status of an animal. For example, plasma has been used to examine concentrations of steroid hormones. Additionally, skeletal muscle tissue, which can be obtained non-lethally and with minimal stress, can also be used to quantify concentrations of steroid hormones. Skeletal muscle progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol concentrations were determined to be statistically significant indicators of reproductive status in the oviparous Leucoraja erinacea, the yolk-dependent viviparous Squalus acanthias, and the yolk-sac placental viviparous Rhizoprionodon terraenovae. The results of the present study demonstrate that steroid hormones present in non-lethally harvested skeletal muscle tissue can be used as reliable indicators of reproductive status in elasmobranchs. C1 [Prohaska, Bianca K.; Wheeler, Carolyn R.; Brown, A. Christine; Sulikowski, James A.] Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Tsang, Paul C. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mol Cellular & Biomed Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Driggers, William B., III; Hoffmayer, Eric R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Prohaska, BK (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Marine Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM bprohaska@une.edu FU Save Our Seas Foundation [P170]; Marine Science Graduate Program at the University of New England (UNE) FX This work was supported by a Save Our Seas Foundation grant (reference no. P170) to J.A.S., and the Marine Science Graduate Program at the University of New England (UNE). We thank captains C. Brown (F/V Proud Mary) and C. Felch (F/V Lady Victoria), as well as the NOAA, Pascagoula MS, bottom longline survey. We also thank the graduate and undergraduate students of the Sulikowski laboratory at UNE, and the Tsang laboratory at the University of New Hampshire. This work was sanctioned by the UNE's Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC protocol no. UNE-20121107SULIJ). This research was conducted as part of the requirements for a master's degree at the University of New England. This manuscript represents Marine Science Center contribution number 52. NR 53 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 2051-1434 J9 CONSERV PHYSIOL JI Conserv. Physiol. PY 2013 VL 1 IS 1 AR cot028 DI 10.1093/conphys/cot028 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Physiology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physiology GA V43TM UT WOS:000209703700024 PM 27293612 ER PT S AU Brown, SS Wagner, NL Dube, WP Roberts, JM AF Brown, Steven S. Wagner, Nicholas L. Dube, William P. Roberts, James M. BE Barnes, I Rudzinski, KJ TI Heterogeneous Atmospheric Chemistry of Nitrogen Oxides: New Insights from Recent Field Measurements SO DISPOSAL OF DANGEROUS CHEMICALS IN URBAN AREAS AND MEGA CITIES: ROLE OF OXIDES AND ACIDS OF NITROGEN IN ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Disposal of Dangerous Chemicals in Urban Areas and Mega Cities CY OCT 09-13, 2011 CL Gdansk, POLAND SP NATO DE Heterogeneous uptake; Nighttime chemistry; Dinitrogen pentoxide; Nitryl chloride ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; GLOBAL-MODEL; VERTICAL PROFILES; URBAN ATMOSPHERE; NITRATE AEROSOL; GASEOUS N2O5; AIR-QUALITY; NO3; HONO; HYDROLYSIS AB The heterogeneous chemistry of nitrogen oxides that occurs in the dark is important to both the overall budgets of reactive nitrogen in the atmosphere, as well as the formation of oxidants. Two of the most relevant processes include the conversion of NO2 to HONO on ground surfaces and the uptake of N2O5 to produce either HNO3 or ClNO2 on aerosol surfaces. Results from recent field measurements that have investigated the latter process have demonstrated several important findings. First, the uptake of N2O5 is highly variable, and the uptake coefficient, gamma( N2O5), is often smaller than model parameterizations based on laboratory studies would suggest. Second, production of ClNO2 is much more efficient than previously thought, and is formed in relatively high yields even at interior continental sites that are well removed from direct sources of sea spray. Finally, N2O5 uptake and ClNO2 production both vary strongly with height in the nocturnal boundary layer, leading to significant complexity in this nighttime chemistry. C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Dube, William P.; Roberts, James M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Steven.S.Brown@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-5036-4; 978-94-007-5034-0; 978-94-007-5033-3 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2013 BP 125 EP 138 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-5034-0_10 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BC4DZ UT WOS:000352339800010 ER PT J AU Bednarsek, N Mozina, J Vogt, M O'Brien, C Tarling, GA AF Bednarsek, N. Mozina, J. Vogt, M. O'Brien, C. Tarling, G. A. TI The global distribution of pteropods and their contribution to carbonate and carbon biomass in the modern ocean (vol 4, pg 167, 2012) SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Correction C1 [Bednarsek, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mozina, J.] Univ Nova Gorica, Environm Res Lab, Rozna Dolina 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia. [Vogt, M.; O'Brien, C.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Tarling, G. A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Bednarsek, N (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nina.bednarsek@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.5194/essd-5-1-2013 PG 1 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MP UT WOS:000209415400001 ER PT J AU Bodeker, GE Hassler, B Young, PJ Portmann, RW AF Bodeker, G. E. Hassler, B. Young, P. J. Portmann, R. W. TI A vertically resolved, global, gap-free ozone database for assessing or constraining global climate model simulations SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; TRENDS; TOMS; HOLE AB High vertical resolution ozone measurements from eight different satellite-based instruments have been merged with data from the global ozonesonde network to calculate monthly mean ozone values in 5 degrees latitude zones. These "Tier 0" ozone number densities and ozone mixing ratios are provided on 70 altitude levels (1 to 70 km) and on 70 pressure levels spaced similar to 1 km apart (878.4 hPa to 0.046 hPa). The Tier 0 data are sparse and do not cover the entire globe or altitude range. To provide a gap-free database, a least squares regression model is fitted to the Tier 0 data and then evaluated globally. The regression model fit coefficients are expanded in Legendre polynomials to account for latitudinal structure, and in Fourier series to account for seasonality. Regression model fit coefficient patterns, which are two dimensional fields indexed by latitude and month of the year, from the N-th vertical level serve as an initial guess for the fit at the N + 1-th vertical level. The initial guess field for the first fit level (20 km/58.2 hPa) was derived by applying the regression model to total column ozone fields. Perturbations away from the initial guess are captured through the Legendre and Fourier expansions. By applying a single fit at each level, and using the approach of allowing the regression fits to change only slightly from one level to the next, the regression is less sensitive to measurement anomalies at individual stations or to individual satellite-based instruments. Particular attention is paid to ensuring that the low ozone abundances in the polar regions are captured. By summing different combinations of contributions from different regression model basis functions, four different "Tier 1" databases have been compiled for different intended uses. This database is suitable for assessing ozone fields from chemistry-climate model simulations or for providing the ozone boundary conditions for global climate model simulations that do not treat stratospheric chemistry interactively. C1 [Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra 9391, New Zealand. [Bodeker, G. E.] Victoria Univ Wellington, New Zealand Climate Change Res Inst, Wellington, New Zealand. [Hassler, B.; Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.; Young, P. J.; Portmann, R. W.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bodeker, GE (reprint author), Bodeker Sci, 42 Young Lane RD1, Alexandra 9391, New Zealand. EM greg@bodekerscientific.com RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Bodeker, Gregory/0000-0003-1094-5852 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 31 EP 43 DI 10.5194/essd-5-31-2013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MP UT WOS:000209415400004 ER PT J AU Moriarty, R O'Brien, TD AF Moriarty, R. O'Brien, T. D. TI Distribution of mesozooplankton biomass in the global ocean SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID ZOOPLANKTON DISPLACEMENT VOLUME; DRY-WEIGHT; WET WEIGHT; PLANKTON; CARBON; SIZE; NET AB Mesozooplankton are cosmopolitan within the sunlit layers of the global ocean. They are important in the pelagic food web, having a significant feedback to primary production through their consumption of phytoplankton and microzooplankton. In many regions of the global ocean, they are also the primary contributors to vertical particle flux in the oceans. Through both they affect the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and other nutrients in the oceans. Little, however, is known about their global distribution and biomass. While global maps of mesozooplankton biomass do exist in the literature, they are usually in the form of hand-drawn maps for which the original data associated with these maps are not readily available. The dataset presented in this synthesis has been in development since the late 1990s, is an integral part of the Coastal and Oceanic Plankton Ecology, Production, and Observation Database (COPEPOD), and is now also part of a wider community effort to provide a global picture of carbon biomass data for key plankton functional types, in particular to support the development of marine ecosystem models. A total of 153 163 biomass values were collected, from a variety of sources, for mesozooplankton. Of those 2% were originally recorded as dry mass, 26% as wet mass, 5% as settled volume, and 68% as displacement volume. Using a variety of non-linear biomass conversions from the literature, the data have been converted from their original units to carbon biomass. Depth-integrated values were then used to calculate an estimate of mesozooplankton global biomass. Global epipelagic mesozooplankton biomass, to a depth of 200 m, had a mean of 5.9 mu g CL-1, median of 2.7 mu g CL-1 and a standard deviation of 10.6 mu g CL-1. The global annual average estimate of mesozooplankton in the top 200 m, based on the median value, was 0.19 PgC. Biomass was highest in the Northern Hemisphere, and there were slight decreases from polar oceans (40-90 degrees) to more temperate regions (15-40 degrees) in both hemispheres. Values in the tropics ( 15 degrees N-15 degrees S) were intermediate between those at the northern and southern temperate latitudes. Datasets available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.785501. C1 [Moriarty, R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [O'Brien, T. D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP O'Brien, TD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM todd.obrien@noaa.gov OI Moriarty, Roisin/0000-0003-1993-1756 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.5194/essd-5-45-2013 PG 11 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MP UT WOS:000209415400005 ER PT J AU Peloquin, J Swan, C Gruber, N Vogt, M Claustre, H Ras, J Uitz, J Barlow, R Behrenfeld, M Bidigare, R Dierssen, H Ditullio, G Fernandez, E Gallienne, C Gibb, S Goericke, R Harding, L Head, E Holligan, P Hooker, S Karl, D Landry, M Letelier, R Llewellyn, CA Lomas, M Lucas, M Mannino, A Marty, JC Mitchell, BG Muller-Karger, F Nelson, N O'Brien, C Prezelin, B Repeta, D Smith, WO Smythe-Wright, D Stumpf, R Subramaniam, A Suzuki, K Trees, C Vernet, M Wasmund, N Wright, S AF Peloquin, J. Swan, C. Gruber, N. Vogt, M. Claustre, H. Ras, J. Uitz, J. Barlow, R. Behrenfeld, M. Bidigare, R. Dierssen, H. Ditullio, G. Fernandez, E. Gallienne, C. Gibb, S. Goericke, R. Harding, L. Head, E. Holligan, P. Hooker, S. Karl, D. Landry, M. Letelier, R. Llewellyn, C. A. Lomas, M. Lucas, M. Mannino, A. Marty, J. -C. Mitchell, B. G. Muller-Karger, F. Nelson, N. O'Brien, C. Prezelin, B. Repeta, D. Smith, W. O., Jr. Smythe-Wright, D. Stumpf, R. Subramaniam, A. Suzuki, K. Trees, C. Vernet, M. Wasmund, N. Wright, S. TI The MAREDAT global database of high performance liquid chromatography marine pigment measurements SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; SOUTH-PACIFIC OCEAN; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; CHLOROPHYLL-A; FUNCTIONAL TYPES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; IN-SITU; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODELS; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CASE-1 WATERS AB A global pigment database consisting of 35 634 pigment suites measured by high performance liquid chromatography was assembled in support of the MARine Ecosytem DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. These data originate from 136 field surveys within the global ocean, were solicited from investigators and databases, compiled, and then quality controlled. Nearly one quarter of the data originates from the Laboratoire d'Oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), with an additional 17% and 19% stemming from the US JGOFS and LTER programs, respectively. The MAREDAT pigment database provides high quality measurements of the major taxonomic pigments including chlorophylls a and b, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, alloxanthin, divinyl chlorophyll a, fucoxanthin, lutein, peridinin, prasinoxanthin, violaxanthin and zeaxanthin, which may be used in varying combinations to estimate phytoplankton community composition. Quality control measures consisted of flagging samples that had a total chlorophyll a concentration of zero, had fewer than four reported accessory pigments, or exceeded two standard deviations of the log-linear regression of total chlorophyll a with total accessory pigment concentrations. We anticipate the MAREDAT pigment database to be of use in the marine ecology, remote sensing and ecological modeling communities, where it will support model validation and advance our global perspective on marine biodiversity. The original dataset together with quality control flags as well as the gridded MAREDAT pigment data may be downloaded from PANGAEA: http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.793246. C1 [Peloquin, J.; Swan, C.; Gruber, N.; Vogt, M.; O'Brien, C.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys Grp, Zurich, Switzerland. [Claustre, H.; Ras, J.; Uitz, J.; Marty, J. -C.] CNRS, UMR7093, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Claustre, H.; Ras, J.; Uitz, J.; Marty, J. -C.] Univ Paris 06, UMR7093, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Barlow, R.] Bayworld Ctr Res & Educ, ZA-8012 Cape Town, South Africa. [Barlow, R.; Lucas, M.] Univ Cape Town, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South Africa. [Behrenfeld, M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bidigare, R.; Karl, D.; Landry, M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dierssen, H.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Ditullio, G.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Fernandez, E.] Univ Vigo, Dept Ecoloxia & Biol Anim, Vigo 36310, Spain. [Gallienne, C.; Llewellyn, C. A.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Gibb, S.] Univ Highlands & Isl, Environm Res Inst, Inverness, Scotland. [Goericke, R.; Mitchell, B. G.; Vernet, M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Harding, L.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD USA. [Head, E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ecosyst Res Div, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Holligan, P.; Smythe-Wright, D.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Hooker, S.; Mannino, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Letelier, R.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Lomas, M.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges GE 01, Bermuda. [Muller-Karger, F.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Inst Marine Remote Sensing IMaRS, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Nelson, N.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Earth Res Inst, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Prezelin, B.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine Biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Repeta, D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Smith, W. O., Jr.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Stumpf, R.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Subramaniam, A.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Suzuki, K.] Hokkaido Univ, Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Trees, C.] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Wasmund, N.] Leibniz Inst Balt Sea Res, D-18119 Warnemunde, Germany. [Wright, S.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Wright, S.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. RP Swan, C (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys Grp, Zurich, Switzerland. EM chantal.swan@usys.ethz.ch RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Suzuki, Koji/A-4349-2013; CLAUSTRE, Herve/E-6877-2011; Letelier, Ricardo/A-6953-2009; O'Brien, Colleen/H-7698-2015; OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Suzuki, Koji/0000-0001-5354-1044; CLAUSTRE, Herve/0000-0001-6243-0258; Letelier, Ricardo/0000-0003-3376-4026; Subramaniam, Ajit/0000-0003-1316-5827; O'Brien, Colleen/0000-0003-4456-8119; Gibb, Stuart/0000-0003-3882-338X; Lomas, Michael/0000-0003-1209-3753 FU ETH Zurich; European Community [238366]; CNRS-INSU FX J. Peloquin, C. Swan, N. Gruber and M. Vogt were funded by ETH Zurich. C. O'Brien has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 238366. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their evaluation of this manuscript. We thank Erik Buitenhuis for producing the gridded netCDF product, Stephane Pesant for archiving the data on www.Pangaea.de, and Dave Carlson and Hans Pfeiffenberger at ESSD for their patience. We would like to further acknowledge Gerald Moore, Denise Cummings, Tony Knap, Dave Robins, Dave Suggett and Guy Westbrook for their HPLC data contributions. We are equally grateful for all the project PIs who contributed data, as well as for the anonymous staff who took part in the sampling work during the cruises, who carried out the HPLC analysis, and without whom the construction of such a database would not have been possible. Most of the data from the LOV database were acquired as part of the French national programs JGOFS-France, PROOF and CYBER, which were funded by CNRS-INSU. NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 109 EP 123 DI 10.5194/essd-5-109-2013 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MP UT WOS:000209415400009 ER PT J AU Pfeil, B Olsen, A Bakker, DCE Hankin, S Koyuk, H Kozyr, A Malczyk, J Manke, A Metzl, N Sabine, CL Akl, J Alin, SR Bates, N Bellerby, RGJ Borges, A Boutin, J Brown, PJ Cai, WJ Chavez, FP Chen, A Cosca, C Fassbender, AJ Feely, RA Gonzalez-Davila, M Goyet, C Hales, B Hardman-Mountford, N Heinze, C Hood, M Hoppema, M Hunt, CW Hydes, D Ishii, M Johannessen, T Jones, SD Key, RM Kortzinger, A Landschutzer, P Lauvset, SK Lefevre, N Lenton, A Lourantou, A Merlivat, L Midorikawa, T Mintrop, L Miyazaki, C Murata, A Nakadate, A Nakano, Y Nakaoka, S Nojiri, Y Omar, AM Padin, XA Park, GH Paterson, K Perez, FF Pierrot, D Poisson, A Rios, AF Santana-Casiano, JM Salisbury, J Sarma, VVSS Schlitzer, R Schneider, B Schuster, U Sieger, R Skjelvan, I Steinhoff, T Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Tedesco, K Telszewski, M Thomas, H Tilbrook, B Tjiputra, J Vandemark, D Veness, T Wanninkhof, R Watson, AJ Weiss, R Wong, CS Yoshikawa-Inoue, H AF Pfeil, B. Olsen, A. Bakker, D. C. E. Hankin, S. Koyuk, H. Kozyr, A. Malczyk, J. Manke, A. Metzl, N. Sabine, C. L. Akl, J. Alin, S. R. Bates, N. Bellerby, R. G. J. Borges, A. Boutin, J. Brown, P. J. Cai, W. -J. Chavez, F. P. Chen, A. Cosca, C. Fassbender, A. J. Feely, R. A. Gonzalez-Davila, M. Goyet, C. Hales, B. Hardman-Mountford, N. Heinze, C. Hood, M. Hoppema, M. Hunt, C. W. Hydes, D. Ishii, M. Johannessen, T. Jones, S. D. Key, R. M. Koertzinger, A. Landschuetzer, P. Lauvset, S. K. Lefevre, N. Lenton, A. Lourantou, A. Merlivat, L. Midorikawa, T. Mintrop, L. Miyazaki, C. Murata, A. Nakadate, A. Nakano, Y. Nakaoka, S. Nojiri, Y. Omar, A. M. Padin, X. A. Park, G. -H. Paterson, K. Perez, F. F. Pierrot, D. Poisson, A. Rios, A. F. Santana-Casiano, J. M. Salisbury, J. Sarma, V. V. S. S. Schlitzer, R. Schneider, B. Schuster, U. Sieger, R. Skjelvan, I. Steinhoff, T. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tedesco, K. Telszewski, M. Thomas, H. Tilbrook, B. Tjiputra, J. Vandemark, D. Veness, T. Wanninkhof, R. Watson, A. J. Weiss, R. Wong, C. S. Yoshikawa-Inoue, H. TI A uniform, quality controlled Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID AIR-SEA FLUX; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NEURAL-NETWORK; PCO(2); WATER; TEMPERATURE; FUGACITY; SEAWATER AB A well-documented, publicly available, global data set of surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) parameters has been called for by international groups for nearly two decades. The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) project was initiated by the international marine carbon science community in 2007 with the aim of providing a comprehensive, publicly available, regularly updated, global data set of marine surface CO2, which had been subject to quality control (QC). Many additional CO2 data, not yet made public via the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC), were retrieved from data originators, public websites and other data centres. All data were put in a uniform format following a strict protocol. Quality control was carried out according to clearly defined criteria. Regional specialists performed the quality control, using state-of-the-art web-based tools, specially developed for accomplishing this global team effort. SOCAT version 1.5 was made public in September 2011 and holds 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data points from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968-2007). Three types of data products are available: individual cruise files, a merged complete data set and gridded products. With the rapid expansion of marine CO2 data collection and the importance of quantifying net global oceanic CO2 uptake and its changes, sustained data synthesis and data access are priorities. C1 [Pfeil, B.; Olsen, A.; Heinze, C.; Johannessen, T.; Lauvset, S. K.; Skjelvan, I.; Tjiputra, J.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Pfeil, B.; Olsen, A.; Bellerby, R. G. J.; Heinze, C.; Johannessen, T.; Lauvset, S. K.; Skjelvan, I.; Tjiputra, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Pfeil, B.] Univ Bergen, PANGAEA Data Publisher Earth & Environm Sci, Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.; Heinze, C.; Omar, A. M.] Uni Bjerknes Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Bakker, D. C. E.; Brown, P. J.; Landschuetzer, P.; Schuster, U.; Watson, A. J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Hankin, S.; Manke, A.; Sabine, C. L.; Alin, S. R.; Cosca, C.; Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Koyuk, H.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kozyr, A.] Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Malczyk, J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Jetz Lab, New Haven, CT USA. [Metzl, N.; Boutin, J.; Lefevre, N.; Lourantou, A.; Merlivat, L.] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Akl, J.; Lenton, A.; Paterson, K.; Tilbrook, B.; Veness, T.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Akl, J.; Paterson, K.; Tilbrook, B.; Veness, T.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bates, N.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Ferry Reach, Bermuda. [Bellerby, R. G. J.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Bergen, Norway. [Bellerby, R. G. J.; Heinze, C.; Omar, A. M.; Skjelvan, I.] Uni Res AS, Bergen, Norway. [Borges, A.] Univ Liege, Inst Phys, Chem Oceanog Unit, Liege, Belgium. [Brown, P. J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Cai, W. -J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chavez, F. P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Chen, A.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Marine Geol & Chem, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Fassbender, A. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gonzalez-Davila, M.; Santana-Casiano, J. M.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Fac Ciencias Mar, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [Goyet, C.; Poisson, A.] Univ Perpignan, Inst Modelisat & Anal Geoenvironm & Sante, F-66025 Perpignan, France. [Hales, B.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hardman-Mountford, N.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Wembley, WA, Australia. [Hood, M.] UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanog Commiss, Paris, France. [Hoppema, M.; Schlitzer, R.; Sieger, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Hunt, C. W.; Salisbury, J.; Vandemark, D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hydes, D.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Ishii, M.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Jones, S. D.] Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Key, R. M.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Koertzinger, A.; Steinhoff, T.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Midorikawa, T.] Nagasaki Marine Observ, Nagasaki, Japan. [Mintrop, L.] MARIANDA, Kiel, Germany. [Miyazaki, C.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Murata, A.; Nakano, Y.; Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Nakadate, A.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Nakaoka, S.; Nojiri, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Padin, X. A.; Perez, F. F.; Rios, A. F.] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas Vigo, Vigo, Spain. [Park, G. -H.; Pierrot, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sarma, V. V. S. S.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Schneider, B.] Leibnitz Res Inst Balt Sea Res, Warnemunde, Germany. [Suzuki, T.] Japan Hydrog Assoc, Marine Informat Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Takahashi, T.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Tedesco, K.] IOCCP, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Telszewski, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, IOCCP, Sopot, Poland. [Thomas, H.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Tilbrook, B.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Wanninkhof, R.] Natl Atmospher & Oceanog Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Weiss, R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wong, C. S.] Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Hardman-Mountford, N.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Tedesco, K.; Telszewski, M.] UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanog Commiss, IOCCP, Paris, France. RP Pfeil, B (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. EM benjamin.pfeil@gfi.uib.no RI Perez, Fiz F./B-9001-2011; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Lauvset, Siv/H-7948-2016; Boutin, Jacqueline/M-2253-2016; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014; Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; GONZALEZ-DAVILA, MELCHOR/K-5058-2014; OI Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851; Fassbender, Andrea/0000-0002-5898-1185; Perez, Fiz F./0000-0003-4836-8974; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Lauvset, Siv/0000-0001-8498-4067; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825; Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Santana Casiano, Juana Magdalena/0000-0002-7930-7683; GONZALEZ-DAVILA, MELCHOR/0000-0003-3230-8985; Borges, Alberto V./0000-0002-5434-2247 FU Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; University of Bergen; Uni Research (Norway); US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; University of Washington; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US); University of East Anglia (UEA, UK); PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental data (Germany); Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Germany); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France); Research Council of Norway (CARBON-HEAT); US National Science Foundation [OCE-1068958]; international Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, US) [OCE-0938349]; European Union [GOCE 511176-1, FP7 264879]; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H017046/1]; Department for Energy and Climate Change; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; UK National Centre for Earth Observation; IOCCP; IMBER; National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES, Japan); Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO, Australia); GEOMAR (Germany); European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action (UK) [735] FX SOCAT is promoted by IOCCP, the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study, and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program. Douglas Wallace (Dalhousie University, Canada, and former SOLAS chair), Emilie Breviere (SOLAS executive officer) and Lisa Maddison (IMBER deputy executive officer) have strongly encouraged SOCAT. Support for SOCAT has been received from the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, the University of Bergen, Uni Research (Norway), the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the University of Washington, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (US), the University of East Anglia (UEA, UK), PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental data (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), the Research Council of Norway (CARBON-HEAT), the US National Science Foundation (OCE-1068958), the international Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, US, OCE-0938349), the European Union integrated projects CarboOcean (GOCE 511176-1) and CarboChange (FP7 264879), the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) and the UK National Centre for Earth Observation. Support for SOCAT meetings has been received from IOCCP, IMBER, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES, Japan), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO, Australia), GEOMAR (Germany) and the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 735 (UK). This is publication no. A417 for the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. This study is a contribution to the Center for Climate Dynamics (SKD) within the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. NR 68 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 125 EP 143 DI 10.5194/essd-5-125-2013 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MP UT WOS:000209415400010 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Hankin, S Koyuk, H Bakker, DCE Pfeil, B Olsen, A Metzl, N Kozyr, A Fassbender, A Manke, A Malczyk, J Akl, J Alin, SR Bellerby, RGJ Borges, A Boutin, J Brown, PJ Cai, WJ Chavez, FP Chen, A Cosca, C Feely, RA Gonzalez-Davila, M Goyet, C Hardman-Mountford, N Heinze, C Hoppema, M Hunt, CW Hydes, D Ishii, M Johannessen, T Key, RM Kortzinger, A Landschutzer, P Lauvset, SK Lefevre, N Lenton, A Lourantou, A Merlivat, L Midorikawa, T Mintrop, L Miyazaki, C Murata, A Nakadate, A Nakano, Y Nakaoka, S Nojiri, Y Omar, AM Padin, XA Park, GH Paterson, K Perez, FF Pierrot, D Poisson, A Rios, AF Salisbury, J Santana-Casiano, JM Sarma, VVSS Schlitzer, R Schneider, B Schuster, U Sieger, R Skjelvan, I Steinhoff, T Suzuki, T Takahashi, T Tedesco, K Telszewski, M Thomas, H Tilbrook, B Vandemark, D Veness, T Watson, AJ Weiss, R Wong, CS Yoshikawa-Inoue, H AF Sabine, C. L. Hankin, S. Koyuk, H. Bakker, D. C. E. Pfeil, B. Olsen, A. Metzl, N. Kozyr, A. Fassbender, A. Manke, A. Malczyk, J. Akl, J. Alin, S. R. Bellerby, R. G. J. Borges, A. Boutin, J. Brown, P. J. Cai, W. -J. Chavez, F. P. Chen, A. Cosca, C. Feely, R. A. Gonzalez-Davila, M. Goyet, C. Hardman-Mountford, N. Heinze, C. Hoppema, M. Hunt, C. W. Hydes, D. Ishii, M. Johannessen, T. Key, R. M. Koertzinger, A. Landschuetzer, P. Lauvset, S. K. Lefevre, N. Lenton, A. Lourantou, A. Merlivat, L. Midorikawa, T. Mintrop, L. Miyazaki, C. Murata, A. Nakadate, A. Nakano, Y. Nakaoka, S. Nojiri, Y. Omar, A. M. Padin, X. A. Park, G. -H. Paterson, K. Perez, F. F. Pierrot, D. Poisson, A. Rios, A. F. Salisbury, J. Santana-Casiano, J. M. Sarma, V. V. S. S. Schlitzer, R. Schneider, B. Schuster, U. Sieger, R. Skjelvan, I. Steinhoff, T. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tedesco, K. Telszewski, M. Thomas, H. Tilbrook, B. Vandemark, D. Veness, T. Watson, A. J. Weiss, R. Wong, C. S. Yoshikawa-Inoue, H. TI Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 AB As a response to public demand for a well-documented, quality controlled, publically available, global surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) data set, the international marine carbon science community developed the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT). The first SOCAT product is a collection of 6.3 million quality controlled surface CO2 data from the global oceans and coastal seas, spanning four decades (1968-2007). The SOCAT gridded data presented here is the second data product to come from the SOCAT project. Recognizing that some groups may have trouble working with millions of measurements, the SOCAT gridded product was generated to provide a robust, regularly spaced CO2 fugacity (fCO(2)) product with minimal spatial and temporal interpolation, which should be easier to work with for many applications. Gridded SOCAT is rich with information that has not been fully explored yet (e.g., regional differences in the seasonal cycles), but also contains biases and limitations that the user needs to recognize and address (e.g., local influences on values in some coastal regions). C1 [Sabine, C. L.; Hankin, S.; Koyuk, H.; Fassbender, A.; Manke, A.; Alin, S. R.; Cosca, C.; Feely, R. A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Koyuk, H.; Manke, A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bakker, D. C. E.; Brown, P. J.; Landschuetzer, P.; Schuster, U.; Watson, A. J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Pfeil, B.; Bellerby, R. G. J.; Heinze, C.; Johannessen, T.; Lauvset, S. K.; Skjelvan, I.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Pfeil, B.; Heinze, C.; Johannessen, T.; Lauvset, S. K.; Skjelvan, I.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Pfeil, B.] Univ Bremen, PANGAEA Data Publisher Earth & Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Olsen, A.] Uni Bjerknes Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.; Heinze, C.; Omar, A. M.] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Metzl, N.; Boutin, J.; Lefevre, N.; Lourantou, A.; Merlivat, L.] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Kozyr, A.] Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Malczyk, J.] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Jetz Lab, New Haven, CT USA. [Akl, J.; Paterson, K.; Tilbrook, B.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Akl, J.; Lenton, A.; Paterson, K.; Tilbrook, B.; Veness, T.] Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bellerby, R. G. J.; Heinze, C.; Omar, A. M.; Skjelvan, I.] Uni Res AS, Bergen, Norway. [Borges, A.] Univ Liege, Inst Phys, Chem Oceanog Unit, Liege, Belgium. [Brown, P. J.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Cai, W. -J.] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Chavez, F. P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Chen, A.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Inst Marine Geol & Chem, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. [Fassbender, A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gonzalez-Davila, M.; Santana-Casiano, J. M.] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Fac Ciencias Mar, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [Goyet, C.; Poisson, A.] Univ Perpignan, Inst Modelisat & Anal Geoenvironm & Sante, F-66025 Perpignan, France. [Hardman-Mountford, N.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Wembley, WA, Australia. [Hoppema, M.; Schlitzer, R.; Sieger, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Hunt, C. W.; Salisbury, J.; Vandemark, D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Hydes, D.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Ishii, M.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Key, R. M.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Koertzinger, A.; Steinhoff, T.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Midorikawa, T.] Nagasaki Marine Observ, Nagasaki, Japan. [Mintrop, L.] MARIANDA, Kiel, Germany. [Miyazaki, C.] Hokkaido Univ, Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. [Murata, A.; Nakano, Y.; Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Nakadate, A.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Nakaoka, S.; Nojiri, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Padin, X. A.; Perez, F. F.; Rios, A. F.] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas Vigo, Vigo, Spain. [Park, G. -H.; Pierrot, D.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sarma, V. V. S. S.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Schneider, B.] Leibnitz Res Inst Balt Sea Res, Warnemunde, Germany. [Suzuki, T.] Japan Hydrog Assoc, Marine Informat Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Takahashi, T.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Tedesco, K.] IOCCP, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Telszewski, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, IOCCP, Sopot, Poland. [Thomas, H.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Tilbrook, B.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Weiss, R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wong, C. S.] Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Bellerby, R. G. J.] Norwegian Inst Water Res, Bergen, Norway. [Hardman-Mountford, N.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Tedesco, K.; Telszewski, M.] UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanog Commiss, IOCCP, Paris, France. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.sabine@noaa.gov RI Perez, Fiz F./B-9001-2011; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Lauvset, Siv/H-7948-2016; Boutin, Jacqueline/M-2253-2016; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014; Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; GONZALEZ-DAVILA, MELCHOR/K-5058-2014; OI Perez, Fiz F./0000-0003-4836-8974; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Lauvset, Siv/0000-0001-8498-4067; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825; Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Santana Casiano, Juana Magdalena/0000-0002-7930-7683; GONZALEZ-DAVILA, MELCHOR/0000-0003-3230-8985; Borges, Alberto V./0000-0002-5434-2247; Fassbender, Andrea/0000-0002-5898-1185 FU University of Bergen (Norway); Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (Norway); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States); University of Washington (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (United States); University of East Anglia (United Kingdom); PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental data (Germany); Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Germany); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France); CarboOcean (Norway) of the European Union [GOCE 511176-1]; CarboChange (Norway) of the European Union [FP7 264879]; US National Science Foundation (United States) [OCE-1068958]; international Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, United States) [OCE-0938349]; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - Natural Environment Research Council [NE/H017046/1]; Department for Energy and Climate Change; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs FX SOCAT is promoted by IOCCP, the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study, and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program. Douglas Wallace (Dalhousie University, Canada and former SOLAS chair) has strongly encouraged SOCAT. Support has been received from the University of Bergen (Norway), the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (Norway), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States), the University of Washington (United States), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (United States), the University of East Anglia (United Kingdom), PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental data (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), the CarboOcean (Norway, GOCE 511176-1) and CarboChange (Norway, FP7 264879) projects of the European Union, the US National Science Foundation (United States, OCE-1068958), the international Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, United States, OCE-0938349), and the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs). Support for SOCAT meetings has been received from IOCCP, IMBER, the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action 735 (United Kingdom), Geomar (Germany), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia). NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.5194/essd-5-145-2013 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MP UT WOS:000209415400011 ER PT J AU Le Quere, C Andres, RJ Boden, T Conway, T Houghton, RA House, JI Marland, G Peters, GP van der Werf, GR Ahlstrom, A Andrew, RM Bopp, L Canadell, JG Ciais, P Doney, SC Enright, C Friedlingstein, P Huntingford, C Jain, AK Jourdain, C Kato, E Keeling, RF Goldewijk, KK Levis, S Levy, P Lomas, M Poulter, B Raupach, MR Schwinger, J Sitch, S Stocker, BD Viovy, N Zaehle, S Zeng, N AF Le Quere, C. Andres, R. J. Boden, T. Conway, T. Houghton, R. A. House, J. I. Marland, G. Peters, G. P. van der Werf, G. R. Ahlstrom, A. Andrew, R. M. Bopp, L. Canadell, J. G. Ciais, P. Doney, S. C. Enright, C. Friedlingstein, P. Huntingford, C. Jain, A. K. Jourdain, C. Kato, E. Keeling, R. F. Goldewijk, K. Klein Levis, S. Levy, P. Lomas, M. Poulter, B. Raupach, M. R. Schwinger, J. Sitch, S. Stocker, B. D. Viovy, N. Zaehle, S. Zeng, N. TI The global carbon budget 1959-2011 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; CO2 EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; FIRE EMISSIONS; COVER CHANGE; MODEL; CLIMATE AB Accurate assessments of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the climate policy process, and project future climate change. Present-day analysis requires the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. Here we describe datasets and a methodology developed by the global carbon cycle science community to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates, consistency within and among components, and methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (E-FF) are based on energy statistics, while emissions from Land-Use Change (E-LUC), including deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land cover change data, fire activity in regions undergoing deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (G(ATM)) is computed from the concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. Finally, the global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms. For the last decade available (2002-2011), E-FF was 8.3 +/- 0.4 PgCyr(-1), E-LUC 1.0 +/- 0.5 PgC yr(-1), GATM 4.3 +/- 0.1 PgC yr(-1), S-OCEAN 2.5 +/- 0.5 PgC yr(-1), and S-LAND 2.6 +/- 0.8 PgC yr(-1). For year 2011 alone, E-FF was 9.5 +/- 0.5 PgC yr(-1), 3.0 percent above 2010, reflecting a continued trend in these emissions; E-LUC was 0.9 +/- 0.5 PgC yr(-1), approximately constant throughout the decade; G(ATM) was 3.6 +/- 0.2 PgC yr(-1), S-OCEAN was 2.7 +/- 0.5 PgC yr(-1), and S-LAND was 4.1 +/- 0.9 PgC yr(-1). G(ATM) was low in 2011 compared to the 2002-2011 average because of a high uptake by the land probably in response to natural climate variability associated to La Nina conditions in the Pacific Ocean. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 391.31 +/- 0.13 ppm at the end of year 2011. We estimate that E-FF will have increased by 2.6% (1.9-3.5 %) in 2012 based on projections of gross world product and recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy. All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma (68% confidence assuming Gaussian error distributions that the real value lies within the given interval), reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. This paper is intended to provide a baseline to keep track of annual carbon budgets in the future. All data presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi:10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_V2013). C1 [Le Quere, C.; Enright, C.; Jourdain, C.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Andres, R. J.; Boden, T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CDIAC, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Conway, T.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Houghton, R. A.] WHRC, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [House, J. I.] Univ Bristol, Dept Geog, Cabot Inst, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Marland, G.] Appalachian State Univ, Res Inst Environm Energy & Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Peters, G. P.; Andrew, R. M.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [van der Werf, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Ahlstrom, A.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. [Bopp, L.; Ciais, P.; Poulter, B.; Viovy, N.] UVSQ, CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm,CE Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Canadell, J. G.; Raupach, M. R.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Huntingford, C.; Levy, P.] CEH, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Jain, A. K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Kato, E.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, The Hague, Netherlands. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] Univ Utrecht, Dept Innovat & Environm Sci IMEW, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] Univ Utrecht, Inst Hist & Culture OGC, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Levis, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lomas, M.] Univ Sheffield, CTCD, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. [Schwinger, J.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Schwinger, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Sitch, S.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Climate & Environm Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. [Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Zeng, N.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD USA. RP Le Quere, C (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM c.lequere@uea.ac.uk RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; House, Joanna/B-6477-2016; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Huntingford, Chris/A-4307-2008; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016; Stocker, Benjamin/K-3194-2015; Peters, Glen/B-1012-2008; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; Ahlstrom, Anders/F-3215-2017; Klein Goldewijk, Kees/L-5567-2013 OI Huntingford, Chris/0000-0002-5941-7770; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Andrew, Robbie/0000-0001-8590-6431; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; House, Joanna/0000-0003-4576-3960; van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630; Stocker, Benjamin/0000-0003-2697-9096; Peters, Glen/0000-0001-7889-8568; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Ahlstrom, Anders/0000-0003-1642-0037; FU UK Natural Environment Research Council; GCP though their International Opportunities Fund [NE/103002X/1]; EU FP7 [283080, 226520, 264879]; Norwegian Research Council [221355/E10]; US National Science Foundation [NSF AGS-1048827]; Leverhulme Research Fellowship; Cabot Institute, University of Bristol; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs; US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology "Science Budget"; Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of Environment of Japan [S-10]; European Research Council; Swiss National Science Foundation; NASA LCLUC Program [NNX08AK75G]; Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DOE-DE-SC0006706] FX We thank all people and institutions who provided data used in this carbon budget, in particular, G. Hurt, L. Chini, and I. Harris. The observations and modelling analysis were possible thanks to funding from multiple agencies around the world. The UK Natural Environment Research Council provided funding to CLQ and the GCP though their International Opportunities Fund specifically to support this publication (project NE/103002X/1). CLQ, PC, SZ, and JS thank the EU FP7 for funding through projects GEOCarbon (283080), COMBINE (226520) and CARBOCHANGE (264879). GPP and RMA acknowledge support from the Norwegian Research Council (221355/E10). SCD acknowledges support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF AGS-1048827). JH was supported by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship and the Cabot Institute, University of Bristol. RJA and TAB were sponsored by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. CH was supported by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology "Science Budget". EK was supported by the Global Environment Research Fund (S-10) of the Ministry of Environment of Japan. GrvdW was supported by the European Research Council. BDS was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. AA acknowledges the Mistra-SWECIA programme and the strategic research areas MERGE, BECC and LUCCI. AKJ is funded by the NASA LCLUC Program (No. NNX08AK75G) and the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DOE-DE-SC0006706). NR 79 TC 200 Z9 202 U1 20 U2 108 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 165 EP 185 DI 10.5194/essd-5-165-2013 PG 21 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MP UT WOS:000209415400013 ER PT J AU Buitenhuis, ET Vogt, M Moriarty, R Bednarsek, N Doney, SC Leblanc, K Le Quere, C Luo, YW O'Brien, C O'Brien, T Peloquin, J Schiebel, R Swan, C AF Buitenhuis, E. T. Vogt, M. Moriarty, R. Bednarsek, N. Doney, S. C. Leblanc, K. Le Quere, C. Luo, Y. -W. O'Brien, C. O'Brien, T. Peloquin, J. Schiebel, R. Swan, C. TI MAREDAT: towards a world atlas of MARine Ecosystem DATa SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL OCEAN; BIOMASS DISTRIBUTION; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY MODELS; PHYTOPLANKTON; TEMPERATURE; PATCHINESS; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; ECOLOGY; GROWTH AB We present a summary of biomass data for 11 plankton functional types (PFTs) plus phytoplankton pigment data, compiled as part of the MARine Ecosystem biomass DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. The goal of the MAREDAT initiative is to provide, in due course, global gridded data products with coverage of all planktic components of the global ocean ecosystem. This special issue is the first step towards achieving this. The PFTs presented here include picophytoplankton, diazotrophs, coccolithophores, Phaeocystis, diatoms, picoheterotrophs, microzooplankton, foraminifers, mesozooplankton, pteropods and macrozooplankton. All variables have been gridded onto a World Ocean Atlas (WOA) grid (1 degrees x1 degrees x33 vertical levels x monthly climatologies). The results show that abundance is much better constrained than their carbon content/elemental composition, and coastal seas and other high productivity regions have much better coverage than the much larger volumes where biomass is relatively low. The data show that (1) the global total heterotrophic biomass (2.0-4.6 Pg C) is at least as high as the total autotrophic biomass (0.5-2.4 Pg C excluding nanophytoplankton and autotrophic dinoflagellates); (2) the biomass of zooplankton calcifiers (0.03-0.67 Pg C) is substantially higher than that of coccolithophores (0.001-0.03 Pg C); (3) patchiness of biomass distribution increases with organism size; and (4) although zooplankton biomass measurements below 200 m are rare, the limited measurements available suggest that Bacteria and Archaea are not the only important heterotrophs in the deep sea. More data will be needed to characterise ocean ecosystem functioning and associated biogeochemistry in the Southern Hemisphere and below 200 m. Future efforts to understand marine ecosystem composition and functioning will be helped both by further archiving of historical data and future sampling at new locations. Microzooplankton database: doi: 10.1594/PANGAEA.779970 All MAREDAT databases: http://www.pangaea.de/search?&q=maredat C1 [Buitenhuis, E. T.; Le Quere, C.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Buitenhuis, E. T.; Le Quere, C.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Vogt, M.; O'Brien, C.; Peloquin, J.; Swan, C.] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Environm Phys, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Moriarty, R.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. [Bednarsek, N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Doney, S. C.; Luo, Y. -W.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Leblanc, K.] Univ Sud Toulon Var, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSU,IRD,MIO,UM110, F-13288 Marseille 09, France. [O'Brien, T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Schiebel, R.] Univ Angers, LUNAM Univ, Lab Bioindicateurs Actuels & Fossiles, CNRS,LPGN BIAF,UMR 6112, F-49045 Angers 01, France. RP Buitenhuis, ET (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Buitenhuis, Erik/A-7692-2012; Luo, Ya-Wei/C-9990-2016; Leblanc, Karine/C-6029-2009; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; O'Brien, Colleen/H-7698-2015; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Buitenhuis, Erik/0000-0001-6274-5583; Luo, Ya-Wei/0000-0001-6106-7901; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; O'Brien, Colleen/0000-0003-4456-8119; Moriarty, Roisin/0000-0003-1993-1756 NR 42 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 227 EP 239 DI 10.5194/essd-5-227-2013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MQ UT WOS:000209415500001 ER PT J AU Tanhua, T Hainbucher, D Cardin, V Alvarez, M Civitarese, G McNichol, AP Key, RM AF Tanhua, T. Hainbucher, D. Cardin, V. Alvarez, M. Civitarese, G. McNichol, A. P. Key, R. M. TI Repeat hydrography in the Mediterranean Sea, data from the Meteor cruise 84/3 in 2011 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID ALKALINITY DETERMINATION; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; CARBONIC-ACID; SEAWATER; DISSOCIATION; CONSTANTS AB Here we report on data from an oceanographic cruise on the German research vessel Meteor covering large parts of the Mediterranean Sea during spring of 2011. The main objective of this cruise was to conduct measurements of physical, chemical and biological variables on a section across the Mediterranean Sea with the goal of producing a synoptic picture of the distribution of relevant physical and biogeochemical properties, in order to compare those to historic data sets. During the cruise, a comprehensive data set of relevant variables following the guide lines for repeat hydrography outlined by the GO-SHIP group (http://www.go-ship.org/) was collected. The measurements include salinity and temperature (CTD), an over-determined carbonate system, inorganic nutrients, oxygen, transient tracers (CFC-12, SF6), helium isotopes and tritium, and carbon isotopes. The cruise sampled all major basins of the Mediterranean Sea following roughly an east-to-west section from the coast of Lebanon through to the Strait of Gibraltar, and to the coast of Portugal. Also a south-to-north section from the Ionian Sea to the Adriatic Sea was carried out. Additionally, sampling in the Aegean, Adriatic and Tyrrhenian Seas were carried out. The sections roughly followed lines and positions that have been sampled previously during other programs, thus providing the opportunity for comparative investigations of the temporal development of various parameters. C1 [Tanhua, T.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dept Chem Oceanog, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Hainbucher, D.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meereskunde, ZMAW, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Cardin, V.; Civitarese, G.] Ist Nazl Oceanog & Geofis Sperimentale OGS, Dept Oceanog, I-34010 Trieste, Italy. [Alvarez, M.] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Ctr A Coruna, La Coruna 15001, Spain. [McNichol, A. P.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, NOSAMS, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Key, R. M.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Tanhua, T (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Dept Chem Oceanog, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM ttanhua@geomar.de RI Alvarez, Marta/D-4367-2009 OI Alvarez, Marta/0000-0002-5075-9344 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 289 EP 294 DI 10.5194/essd-5-289-2013 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MQ UT WOS:000209415500005 ER PT J AU Peng, G Meier, WN Scott, DJ Savoie, MH AF Peng, G. Meier, W. N. Scott, D. J. Savoie, M. H. TI A long-term and reproducible passive microwave sea ice concentration data record for climate studies and monitoring SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article AB A long-term, consistent, and reproducible satellite-based passive microwave sea ice concentration climate data record (CDR) is available for climate studies, monitoring, and model validation with an initial operation capability (IOC). The daily and monthly sea ice concentration data are on the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) polar stereographic grid with nominal 25 km x 25 km grid cells in both the Southern and Northern Hemisphere polar regions from 9 July 1987 to 31 December 2007. The data files are available in the NetCDF data format at http://nsidc.org/data/g02202.html and archived by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under the satellite climate data record program (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdr/operationalcdrs.html). The description and basic characteristics of the NOAA/NSIDC passive microwave sea ice concentration CDR are presented here. The CDR provides similar spatial and temporal variability as the heritage products to the user communities with the additional documentation, traceability, and reproducibility that meet current standards and guidelines for climate data records. The data set, along with detailed data processing steps and error source information, can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5B56GN3. C1 [Peng, G.] North Carolina State Univ CICS NC, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Peng, G.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Remote Sensing Applicat Div, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Meier, W. N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Scott, D. J.; Savoie, M. H.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Peng, G (reprint author), North Carolina State Univ CICS NC, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM ge.peng@noaa.gov OI Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550; Peng, Ge /0000-0002-1986-9115 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2013 VL 5 IS 2 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.5194/essd-5-311-2013 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39MQ UT WOS:000209415500008 ER PT J AU Kellar, NM Keliher, J Trego, ML Catelani, KN Hanns, C George, JC Rosa, C AF Kellar, Nicholas M. Keliher, Jennifer Trego, Marisa L. Catelani, Krista N. Hanns, Cyd George, J. C. 'Craig' Rosa, Cheryl TI Variation of bowhead whale progesterone concentrations across demographic groups and sample matrices SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; KILLER WHALES; ESTROUS-CYCLE; URINARY PROGESTERONE; HORMONE METABOLITES; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; REPRODUCTIVE STATUS AB Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus progesterone concentrations were measured in different sample matrices (serum, blubber, and urine) to investigate (1) concordance among sample type and (2) variation among life-history class. Samples were collected from subsistence-hunted whales (n = 86) taken from 1999 to 2009. In general, irrespective of sample matrix, pregnant females had the highest concentrations by orders of magnitude, followed by mature animals of both sexes, and subadults had the lowest concentrations. Subadult males and females had similar progesterone concentrations in all sample matrices measured. When pregnant animals were included in our analyses, permuted regression models indicated a strong positive relationship between serum and blubber progesterone levels (r(2) = 0.894, p = 0.0002). When pregnant animals were not included, we found no significant relationship between serum and blubber levels (r(2) = 0.025, p = 0.224). These results suggest that progesterone concentrations are mirrored in these sample types over longer periods (i.e. on the order of weeks to months, time frame of reproductive changes) but not shorter periods (i.e. on the order of hours to days, time frame of daily fluctuations). This conclusion is consistent even for progesterone concentrations measured in females that had recently changed pregnancy states (either new mothers or newly pregnant animals), for which blubber progesterone levels seem to lag those in the serum. Finally, urine progesterone had statistically significant positive relationships with serum (r(2) = 0.136, p = 0.0460) and blubber pro gesterone (r(2) = 0.150, p = 0.0421). Our results suggest that progesterone concentrations first peak in the serum, then in the urine, and finally in the blubber. RP Kellar, NM (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM nick.kellar@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 61 EP 72 DI 10.3354/esr00537 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 247WP UT WOS:000326654200007 ER PT J AU LaCasella, EL Epperly, SP Jensen, MP Stokes, L Dutton, PH AF LaCasella, Erin L. Epperly, Sheryan P. Jensen, Michael P. Stokes, Lesley Dutton, Peter H. TI Genetic stock composition of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta bycaught in the pelagic waters of the North Atlantic SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTROL REGION SEQUENCES; SEA-TURTLE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; FISHERIES BYCATCH; BAYESIAN METHODS; OCEAN; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AB Sea turtle populations disperse widely across oceans and migrate between terrestrial nesting habitat and distant feeding and developmental habitats. Understanding population stock structure is important for accurately assessing threats such as mortality from fishery bycatch and for defining specific demographic units of conservation concern. We compared 775 bp mtDNA control region haplotypes from 389 juvenile loggerhead turtles sampled as bycatch in the US pelagic longline fishery in the western North Atlantic Northeast Distant (NED) region to haplotype frequencies observed in 23 genetically distinct nesting stocks representing the 4 distinct population segments (DPSs) that have been identified throughout the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. We used Bayesian mixed-stock analysis to produce stock composition estimates for juvenile loggerhead turtles that use pelagic habitat in the central North Atlantic. We found that nearly all of the loggerheads caught in NED waters belonged to the Northwest Atlantic DPS (mean = 99.2%), with the majority coming from the large eastern Florida rookeries (mean = 84.0%). We also detected contributions from the western Florida rookeries (mean = 11.7%) and Mexico (mean = 3.5%) but found little evidence of contributions from the rookeries of the South Atlantic, Northeast Atlantic, or Mediterranean DPSs. These results will help improve specific threat assessments and are relevant to ongoing development of conservation plans that are aligned to the recent DPS listings for loggerheads. RP LaCasella, EL (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Erin.LaCasella@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 73 EP 84 DI 10.3354/esr00535 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 247WP UT WOS:000326654200008 ER PT J AU Baker, JD Harting, AL Littnan, CL AF Baker, Jason D. Harting, Albert L. Littnan, Charles L. TI A two-stage translocation strategy for improving juvenile survival of Hawaiian monk seals SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METAPOPULATION VIABILITY; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; POPULATION VIABILITY; CONSERVATION; REINTRODUCTION; ISLANDS; CONNECTIVITY; DIRECTIONS; EXTINCTION; MANAGEMENT AB We propose a two-stage translocation strategy to conserve metapopulations of endangered species. The concept takes advantage of variation in vital rates among subpopulations to increase individual fitness, improve species status, and maintain metapopulation structure for long-term resiliency. We simulate two-stage translocation scenarios for conserving the Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi, a critically endangered species which exhibits highly variable juvenile, but consistently favorable adult, survival rates. Moving young seals from areas of lower to higher juvenile survival and subsequently returning them to their source site once they have reached an appropriate age improves population reproductive value. We present a decision framework for implementing two-stage translocation in a manner that minimizes risks while increasing the likelihood of desired outcomes. Two-stage translocation may be effective for metapopulations of other rare species which exhibit variation in vital rates among subpopulations and a life-stage bottleneck due to factors that are not amenable to in situ mitigation. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 9 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2013 VL 21 IS 1 BP 33 EP U131 DI 10.3354/esr00506 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 175VZ UT WOS:000321263000004 ER PT J AU Nero, RW Cook, M Coleman, AT Solangi, M Hardy, R AF Nero, Redwood W. Cook, Melissa Coleman, Andrew T. Solangi, Moby Hardy, Robert TI Using an ocean model to predict likely drift tracks of sea turtle carcasses in the north central Gulf of Mexico SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEPIDOCHELYS-KEMPII; LARVAL TRANSPORT; IMMATURE; POPULATIONS; STRANDINGS; MOVEMENT; PATTERNS AB From March through July 2011, an increased number of Kemp's ridley sea turtles Lepidochelys kempii were reported stranded on the islands, beaches and shorelines of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. Members of the National Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network responded, documenting the location and physical condition of each turtle. This report describes an ocean physical model-based analysis of the spring and summer 2011 Mississippi stranding events. Included within this group of strandings was 1 satellite-tagged moribund Kemp's ridley turtle, initially alive and tagged by the Institute for Marine Mammal Studies for a site fidelity study. Data from this tracking event provided an accurate time sequence of 58 h, during which the animal was presumed to be drifting, based on observed characteristics that were typical of a floating carcass. Turtle drift data were combined with output from the America SEAS (AMSEAS) hydrodynamic model to provide an estimate of leeway. The AMSEAS model was then applied to an additional 247 stranded turtles to produce 5 d Lagrangian backtrack drifts to derive mortality source location probability maps. Based on the model presented in this study, the majority of mortalities appeared to have occurred in eastern Louisiana state waters. RP Nero, RW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Bldg 1021, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39520 USA. EM woody.nero@noaa.gov OI Hardy, Robert/0000-0002-3178-2397 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2013 VL 21 IS 3 BP 191 EP 203 DI 10.3354/esr00516 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 234MQ UT WOS:000325648800001 ER PT J AU Jensen, MP Limpus, CJ Whiting, SD Guinea, M Prince, RIT Dethmers, KEM Adnyana, IBW Kennett, R FitzSimmons, NN AF Jensen, Michael P. Limpus, Colin J. Whiting, Scott D. Guinea, Michael Prince, Robert I. T. Dethmers, Kiki E. M. Adnyana, Ida Bagus Windia Kennett, Rod FitzSimmons, Nancy N. TI Defining olive ridley turtle Lepidochelys olivacea management units in Australia and assessing the potential impact of mortality in ghost nets SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MARINE TURTLES; SEA-TURTLE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTHERN AUSTRALIA; HAWKSBILL TURTLES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; GLOBAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA AB In Australia, the olive ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea has received little re search attention and monitoring. The Australian populations are relatively small and their distribution is limited to remote areas in the northern part of the country. Previous global genetic studies of olive ridley populations showed that the Australian breeding population at the McCluer Group of islands, Northern Territory, is genetically distinct from other olive ridley populations breeding in the Indo-Pacific. However, nothing is known about the genetic stock structure among Australian olive ridley rookeries found across northern Australia. High predation of eggs by feral pigs, dogs and monitor lizards Varanus spp. is believed to have severely impacted the number of nesting females at some rookeries. Of particular concern is the small nesting population on the western Cape York Peninsula, and without immediate conservation action this population could face extinction. The results presented here establish that there are at least 2 independent management units (stocks) of olive ridley turtles nesting in Australia and emphasise the importance of conserving the genetically distinct small breeding population nesting along the western Cape York Peninsula. In addition, results from 44 turtles caught in ghost nets across the Gulf of Carpentaria revealed that 45% of the haplotypes (32% of all ghost net samples) had not been observed at any rookery in Australia or SE Asia. This research highlights the need for better information on olive ridley population structure in the region and for urgent conservation action for the western Cape York population. RP Jensen, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM michael@mpj.eu NR 79 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2013 VL 21 IS 3 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.3354/esr00521 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 234MQ UT WOS:000325648800006 ER PT J AU Roden, SE Morin, PA Frey, A Balazs, GH Zarate, P Cheng, IJ Dutton, PH AF Roden, Suzanne E. Morin, Phillip A. Frey, Amy Balazs, George H. Zarate, Patricia Cheng, I-Jiunn Dutton, Peter H. TI Green turtle population structure in the Pacific: new insights from single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEDIATED GENE FLOW; CHELONIA-MYDAS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MARINE TURTLES; HAPLOTYPE RECONSTRUCTION; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; MARKERS; ATLANTIC; ECOLOGY; NUCLEAR AB A set of nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and microsatellite markers was used to detect genetic stock structure among 5 Pacific green turtle Chelonia mydas nesting populations. We sampled populations in the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador (n = 57), Colola, Mexico (n = 75), French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii (n = 141), Yap, Micronesia (n = 73), and Wan-an, Taiwan (n = 57), to represent eastern, central, and western Pacific regions. A combination of 29 single independent SNPs and linked SNPs combined as haplotypes were used for a total of 20 independent markers. In addition, 8 polymorphic microsatellite markers were applied to the same sample set. Both sets of nuclear markers confirmed significant differentiation between all sampled populations in the 3 Pacific regions (p <= 0.001). The use of these SNPs and microsatellites resulted in sufficient power to detect small population differences not seen in previous studies using smaller numbers of nuclear markers. Our results suggest that male-mediated gene flow between regional nesting stocks is more limited than previously believed, allowing the potential to delineate stocks more clearly. Finally, we discuss the value of SNP markers as an alternative or complement to other nuclear markers such as microsatellites for the examination of stock structure. RP Roden, SE (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM suzanne.roden@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 3 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.3354/esr00500 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 156JO UT WOS:000319818100004 ER PT J AU Orphanides, CD Palka, DL AF Orphanides, Christopher D. Palka, Debra L. TI Analysis of harbor porpoise gillnet bycatch, compliance, and enforcement trends in the US northwestern Atlantic, January 1999 to May 2010 SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; NET FISHERY; LOWER BAY; BY-CATCH; MORTALITY; PINGERS; FUNDY AB In 1999 the US National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) implemented regulations to limit harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena incidental bycatch in US waters of the northwestern Atlantic. This effort was called the Harbor Porpoise Take Reduction Plan (HPTRP) and included a mixture of time-area closures, pinger and other gear modification requirements, a pinger training program, and outreach and education efforts. This paper focuses on the plan from January 1999 to May 2010 and examines trends in bycatch patterns, compliance with the plan, enforcement of the plan requirements, and changes in the primary fisheries involved in harbor porpoise bycatch. Over the course of the plan harbor porpoise bycatch dropped in the first few years, increased to unacceptable levels during the middle years, and moderated in the later years of the plan. Changes in fishing effort and distribution of key fisheries played a large role in decreasing the bycatch in much of the Mid-Atlantic and also in increasing bycatch in Southern New England and off the coast of New Jersey. The pattern in compliance levels had an inverse relationship with bycatch levels, with better compliance and lower bycatch in early and late years, though compliance was generally poor even when at its best. Enforcement of HPTRP regulations was not well documented, but, from available compliance data, it appears that what enforcement did occur was not sufficient to improve compliance. Given poor compliance with pinger requirements, these requirements have not resulted in the expected reduction in bycatch. RP Orphanides, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM chris.orphanides@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 3 BP 251 EP 269 DI 10.3354/esr00499 PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA 156JO UT WOS:000319818100006 ER PT S AU Kempler, S Leptoukh, GG Kiang, RK Soebiyanto, RP Tong, DQ Ceccato, P Maxwell, S Rommel, RG Jacquez, GM Benedict, KK Morain, SA Yang, P Huang, Q Golden, ML Chen, RS Pinzon, JE Zaitchik, B Irwin, D Estes, S Luvall, J Wimberly, M Xiao, X Charland, KM Stumpf, RP Deng, Z Tilburg, CE Liu, Y McClure, L Huff, A AF Kempler, S. Leptoukh, G. G. Kiang, R. K. Soebiyanto, R. P. Tong, D. Q. Ceccato, P. Maxwell, S. Rommel, R. G. Jacquez, G. M. Benedict, K. K. Morain, S. A. Yang, P. Huang, Q. Golden, M. L. Chen, R. S. Pinzon, J. E. Zaitchik, B. Irwin, D. Estes, S. Luvall, J. Wimberly, M. Xiao, X. Charland, K. M. Stumpf, R. P. Deng, Z. Tilburg, C. E. Liu, Y. McClure, L. Huff, A. BE Morain, SA Budge, AM TI Data discovery, access and retrieval SO ENVIRONMENTAL TRACKING FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SE International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; RIFT-VALLEY FEVER; RANGELAND VEGETATION TYPE; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; AIR-POLLUTION; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS AB This chapter explores the complex, and sometimes frustrating, world of data discovery, access, delivery and use by reference to the US National Aeronautics & Space Administration's (NASA's) public health applications portfolio in 2011. It also provides examples of global information system applications in health. C1 [Kempler, S.; Leptoukh, G. G.; Kiang, R. K.; Soebiyanto, R. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Tong, D. Q.] George Mason Univ, SISS, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Ceccato, P.] Columbia Univ, IRI, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Maxwell, S.; Rommel, R. G.; Jacquez, G. M.] BioMedware, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Benedict, K. K.; Morain, S. A.] Univ New Mexico, Earth Data Anal Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Yang, P.; Huang, Q.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Golden, M. L.; Chen, R. S.] Columbia Univ, SEDAC, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Pinzon, J. E.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Zaitchik, B.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Irwin, D.; Estes, S.; Luvall, J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Wimberly, M.] S Dakota State Univ, Geog Informat Sci Ctr Excellence, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Xiao, X.] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Spatial Anal, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Charland, K. M.] Childrens Hosp, Informat Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Stumpf, R. P.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Deng, Z.] Louisiana State Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Tilburg, C. E.] Univ New England, Biddeford, ME 04093 USA. [Liu, Y.] Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [McClure, L.] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Huff, A.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Kempler, S (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Steven.J.Kempler@nasa.gov; richard.kiang@nasa.gov; radina.p.soebiyanto@nasa.gov; quansong.tong@nasa.gov; pceccato@iri.columbia.edu; susan.maxwell@biomedware.com; Robert.rommel@biomedware.com; Jacquez@biomedware.com; kbene@edac.unm.edu; smorain@edac.unm.edu; mgolden@ciesin.columbia.edu; bchen@ciesin.columbia.edu; jorge.e.pinzon@nasa.gov; zaitchik@jhu.edu; dan.irwin@nasa.gov; sue.m.estes@nasa.gov; jluvall@nasa.gov; Michael.Wimberly@sdstate.edu; xiangming.xiao@ou.edu; richard.stumpf@noaa.gov; zdeng@lsu.edu; ctilburg@une.edu; yang.liu@emory.edu; LMcClure@ms.soph.uab.edu NR 174 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3348 BN 978-0-203-09327-6; 978-0-415-58471-5 J9 ISPRS BOOK SER PY 2013 VL 11 BP 229 EP 291 PG 63 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing GA BC2MZ UT WOS:000351090700008 ER PT S AU Brown, CW Green, D Hickey, BM Jacobs, JM Lanerolle, LWJ Moore, S Schwab, DJ Trainer, VL Trtanj, J Turner, E Wood, RJ Wynne, TT AF Brown, C. W. Green, D. Hickey, B. M. Jacobs, J. M. Lanerolle, L. W. J. Moore, S. Schwab, D. J. Trainer, V. L. Trtanj, J. Turner, E. Wood, R. J. Wynne, T. T. BE Morain, SA Budge, AM TI Towards operational forecasts of algal blooms and pathogens SO ENVIRONMENTAL TRACKING FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SE International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BASS MORONE-SAXATILIS; KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; DOMOIC ACID; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST AB This chapter describes on-going regional projects sponsored by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and its partners to forecast harmful algal blooms and water-borne pathogens in waters of the US coastal oceans and Great Lakes. Collectively, these provide an introduction to the general problems, the approaches employed, the products generated, and the on-going attempts to improve these ecological forecasts and transition them into operational products and services. C1 [Brown, C. W.] NOAA, Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Green, D.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hickey, B. M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Jacobs, J. M.; Wood, R. J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Lanerolle, L. W. J.; Trtanj, J.; Wynne, T. T.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Moore, S.; Trainer, V. L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Schwab, D. J.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Turner, E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Brown, CW (reprint author), NOAA, Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM christopher.w.brown@noaa.gov; david.green@noaa.gov; bhickey@u.washington.edu; john.jacobs@noaa.gov; lyon.lanerolle@noaa.gov; stephanie.moore@noaa.gov; david.schwab@noaa.gov; vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov; juli.trtanj@noaa.gov; elizabeth.turner@noaa.gov; bob.wood@noaa.gov; timothy.wynne@noaa.gov RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU A A BALKEMA PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA SCHIPHOLWEG 107C, PO BOX 447, 2316 XC LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3348 BN 978-0-203-09327-6; 978-0-415-58471-5 J9 ISPRS BOOK SER PY 2013 VL 11 BP 345 EP 368 PG 24 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Remote Sensing GA BC2MZ UT WOS:000351090700011 ER PT J AU Luo, Y Feng, X Houser, P Anantharaj, V Fan, X De Lannoy, G Zhan, X Dabbiru, L AF Luo, Y. Feng, X. Houser, P. Anantharaj, V. Fan, X. De Lannoy, G. Zhan, X. Dabbiru, L. TI Potential soil moisture products from the aquarius radiometer and scatterometer using an observing system simulation experiment SO GEOSCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTATION METHODS AND DATA SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Using an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE), we investigate the potential soil moisture retrieval capability of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aquarius radiometer (L-band 1.413 GHz) and scatterometer (L-band, 1.260 GHz). We estimate potential errors in soil moisture retrievals and identify the sources that could cause those errors. The OSSE system includes (i) a land surface model in the NASA Land Information System, (ii) a radiative transfer and backscatter model, (iii) a realistic orbital sampling model, and (iv) an inverse soil moisture retrieval model. We execute the OSSE over a 1000x2200 km(2) region in the central United States, including the Red and Arkansas river basins. Spatial distributions of soil moisture retrieved from the radiometer and scatterometer are close to the synthetic truth. High root mean square errors (RMSEs) of radiometer retrievals are found over the heavily vegetated regions, while large RMSEs of scatterometer retrievals are scattered over the entire domain. The temporal variations of soil moisture are realistically captured over a sparely vegetated region with correlations 0.98 and 0.63, and RMSEs 1.28% and 8.23% vol/vol for radiometer and scatterometer, respectively. Over the densely vegetated region, soil moisture exhibits larger temporal variation than the truth, leading to correlation 0.70 and 0.67, respectively, and RMSEs 9.49% and 6.09% vol/vol respectively. The domain-averaged correlations and RMSEs suggest that radiometer is more accurate than scatterometer in retrieving soil moisture. The analysis also demonstrates that the accuracy of the retrieved soil moisture is affected by vegetation coverage and spatial aggregation. C1 [Luo, Y.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Feng, X.; Houser, P.] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Anantharaj, V.; Dabbiru, L.] Mississippi State Univ, Geosyst Res Inst, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Fan, X.] Western Kentucky Univ, Dept Geog & Geol, Bowling Green, KY 42101 USA. [De Lannoy, G.] Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Zhan, X.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Feng, X (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM xfeng@gmu.edu RI Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013; Fan, Xingang/A-5539-2011 OI Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441; Fan, Xingang/0000-0002-0142-330X FU NASA Rapid Prototyping Capability (RPC) experiment project FX This work was supported by the NASA Rapid Prototyping Capability (RPC) experiment project. Gabrielle De Lannoy is a postdoctoral research fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). We would like to acknowledge the comments from two anonymous reviewers that improved the manuscript. We would also like to thank Wade Crow for providing the Hydros OSSE nature run as reference, and Sujay Kumar and James Geiger for assisting LIS implementation. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2193-0856 EI 2193-0864 J9 GEOSCI INSTRUM METH JI Geosci. Instrum. Methods Data Syst. PY 2013 VL 2 IS 1 BP 113 EP 120 DI 10.5194/gi-2-113-2013 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39PJ UT WOS:000209422600014 ER PT J AU Merchant, CJ Matthiesen, S Rayner, NA Remedios, JJ Jones, PD Olesen, F Trewin, B Thorne, PW Auchmann, R Corlett, GK Guillevic, PC Hulley, GC AF Merchant, C. J. Matthiesen, S. Rayner, N. A. Remedios, J. J. Jones, P. D. Olesen, F. Trewin, B. Thorne, P. W. Auchmann, R. Corlett, G. K. Guillevic, P. C. Hulley, G. C. TI The surface temperatures of Earth: steps towards integrated understanding of variability and change SO GEOSCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTATION METHODS AND DATA SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB Surface temperature is a key aspect of weather and climate, but the term may refer to different quantities that play interconnected roles and are observed by different means. In a community-based activity in June 2012, the EarthTemp Network brought together 55 researchers from five continents to improve the interaction between scientific communities who focus on surface temperature in particular domains, to exploit the strengths of different observing systems and to better meet the needs of different communities. The workshop identified key needs for progress towards meeting scientific and societal requirements for surface temperature understanding and information, which are presented in this community paper. A "whole-Earth" perspective is required with more integrated, collaborative approaches to observing and understanding Earth's various surface temperatures. It is necessary to build understanding of the relationships between different surface temperatures, where presently inadequate, and undertake large-scale systematic intercomparisons. Datasets need to be easier to obtain and exploit for a wide constituency of users, with the differences and complementarities communicated in readily understood terms, and realistic and consistent uncertainty information provided. Steps were also recommended to curate and make available data that are presently inaccessible, develop new observing systems and build capacities to accelerate progress in the accuracy and usability of surface temperature datasets. C1 [Merchant, C. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Merchant, C. J.; Matthiesen, S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rayner, N. A.] MetOffice, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Remedios, J. J.; Corlett, G. K.] Univ Leicester, Phys & Astron, Leicester, Leics, England. [Jones, P. D.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Jones, P. D.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Olesen, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Trewin, B.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Natl Climate Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Thorne, P. W.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Auchmann, R.] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Auchmann, R.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Guillevic, P. C.] N Carolina State Univ, CICS, Asheville, NC USA. [Guillevic, P. C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Hulley, G. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Merchant, CJ (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. EM c.j.merchant@reading.ac.uk RI Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 FU NERC [NE/I030127/1]; NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by NERC grant NE/I030127/1. Thorne and Guillevic acknowledge support by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - North Carolina under cooperative agreement NA09NES4400006. Auchmann received travel support through COST Action "HOME" (ES0601). NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 2193-0856 EI 2193-0864 J9 GEOSCI INSTRUM METH JI Geosci. Instrum. Methods Data Syst. PY 2013 VL 2 IS 2 BP 305 EP 321 DI 10.5194/gi-2-305-2013 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA V39PK UT WOS:000209422700012 ER PT S AU Ohno, Y AF Ohno, Yoshi BE Seong, TY Han, J Amano, H Morkoc, H TI Color Quality of White LEDs SO III-NITRIDE BASED LIGHT EMITTING DIODES AND APPLICATIONS SE Topics in Applied Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID RENDERING PROPERTIES; LIGHT-SOURCES; INDEX AB This chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of chromaticity and color rendering, the two important aspects of color quality of light sources for general illumination. There is a special focus on the use of solid state light sources. The section on chromaticity discusses chromaticity coordinates and diagrams, correlated color temperature (CCT), Duv, and specifications for color differences. The section on color rendering discusses object color evaluation, the color rendering index (CRI) and the shortcomings thereof, and color quality beyond CRI, introducing the color quality scale (CQS), a proposed alternative metric. The chapter also discusses luminous efficacy of radiation and the color characteristics used for single-color LEDs. Finally, future considerations on color quality for white LED developments are given. C1 NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ohno, Y (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ohno@nist.gov NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0303-4216 BN 978-94-007-5863-6; 978-94-007-5862-9 J9 TOP APPL PHYS JI Top. Appl. Phys. PY 2013 VL 126 BP 349 EP 371 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-5863-6_13 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-5863-6 PG 23 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BC0CL UT WOS:000348907300014 ER PT B AU Arinez, J Yen, J Michaloski, J Proctor, F Rippey, W AF Arinez, Jorge Yen, Jerry Michaloski, John Proctor, Frederick Rippey, William GP ASME TI TOWARD BETTER INTEGRATION OF VEHICLE ASSEMBLY PRODUCTION SYSTEMS SO INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2012, VOL 3, PTS A-C: DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 09-15, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP ASME ID ROS AB In today's manufacturing world, system integration often necessitates composing systems of technology that are not designed to interoperate with each other. This inherent incompatibility results in redundant, non value added work that is required for information to be properly transferred and processed in order for the total system to function properly. As a result, current approaches to systems integration tend to be complicated, costly, time consuming, and error prone. In the automotive industry, this integration predicament is found most dramatically in vehicle assembly systems, which are built from a collection of different, incompatible, and multi vendor "silo" subsystems. This paper will investigate the problems associated with integration of vehicle assembly systems and propose a standard information and communication model to address the integration problems due to incompatible data models. Benefits to the standard information and communication model, including better integration, improvements to the efficiency of the existing vehicle assembly operations, and additional capabilities to increase productivity, is discussed. C1 [Arinez, Jorge] Gen Motors, Warren, MI 48092 USA. [Yen, Jerry] Mitsubishi Elect Automat, Chicago, IL USA. [Michaloski, John; Proctor, Frederick; Rippey, William] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arinez, J (reprint author), Gen Motors, Warren, MI 48092 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4519-6 PY 2013 BP 309 EP 318 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC1DQ UT WOS:000350004500039 ER PT B AU Lee, KB Song, EY Gu, PS AF Lee, Kang B. Song, Eugene Y. Gu, Peter S. GP ASME TI A Sensor Model for Enhancement of Manufacturing Equipment Data Interoperability SO INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION - 2012, VOL 3, PTS A-C: DESIGN, MATERIALS, AND MANUFACTURING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY NOV 09-15, 2012 CL Houston, TX SP ASME DE Agent; Agent Client; Device; MTConnect; Sensor; Sensor Channel; Sensor Model; XML Schema AB Sensors can provide real-time production information to optimize manufacturing processes in a factory. Recently, more attention has been paid to the application of sensors in smart manufacturing systems. Sensor data exchange, sharing, and interoperability are challenges for manufacturing equipment monitoring in smart manufacturing. Standardized sensor data formats and communication protocols can help to solve these problems. MTConnect is an open, free, extensible protocol for the data exchange between monitoring applications and shop floor devices which include machine tools, sensors, and actuators. This paper introduces a sensor model for MTConnect to enhance manufacturing equipment data interoperability. The sensor model defines a Sensor and Sensor Channel, as well as an interface to access the Sensor and its Sensor Channels, which include sensing element, calibration, signal conditioning, and analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) information. The sensor model has been implemented in a virtual milling machine with a built-in sensor. Two case studies of MTConnect Probe and Sample requests for sensor information are provided to verify the sensor model. C1 [Lee, Kang B.; Song, Eugene Y.; Gu, Peter S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, KB (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4519-6 PY 2013 BP 705 EP 712 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BC1DQ UT WOS:000350004500088 ER PT S AU Zhang, H Douglas, JF AF Zhang, Hao Douglas, Jack F. BE Stanley, HE TI SIMILARITIES OF THE COLLECTIVE INTERFACIAL DYNAMICS OF GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND NANOPARTICLES TO GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS SO LIQUID POLYMORPHISM SE Advances in Chemical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID FINNIS-SINCLAIR POTENTIALS; COLLOIDAL QUANTUM DOTS; LENNARD-JONES LIQUID; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; MELTING TEMPERATURE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID C1 [Zhang, Hao] Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada. RI Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008 NR 167 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 978-1-118-54035-0; 978-1-118-45344-5 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS JI Adv. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 152 BP 519 EP 567 D2 10.1002/9781118540350 PG 49 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BB9TN UT WOS:000348645900020 ER PT B AU Moylan, SP AF Moylan, Shawn P. BE Jain, VK TI Dimensional Metrology for Micro/Mesoscale Manufacturing SO MICROMANUFACTURING PROCESSES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WHITE-LIGHT INTERFEROMETRY; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; FRINGE PROJECTION; STRUCTURED LIGHT; NANO-METROLOGY; CMM; UNCERTAINTY; SYSTEMS; PROBE; INSTRUMENT C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moylan, SP (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5291-0; 978-1-4398-5290-3 PY 2013 BP 307 EP 327 PG 21 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BC6HO UT WOS:000353921900017 ER PT J AU Gutt, J Barnes, DKA Lockhart, SJ van de Putte, A AF Gutt, Julian Barnes, David K. A. Lockhart, Susanne J. van de Putte, Anton TI Antarctic macrobenthic communities: A compilation of circumpolar information SO NATURE CONSERVATION-BULGARIA LA English DT Article DE Macrobenthic communities; trawls; dredges; grabs; corers; direct observations (scuba-diving, sea-bed, video, sea-bed photography) AB Comprehensive information on Antarctic macrobenthic community structure has been publicly available since the 1960s. It stems from trawl, dredge, grab, and corer samples as well as from direct and camera observations (Table 1-2). The quality of this information varies considerably; it consists of pure descriptions, figures for presence (absence) and abundance of some key taxa or proxies for such parameters, e.g. sea-floor cover. Some data sets even cover a defined and complete proportion of the macrobenthos with further analyses on diversity and zoogeography. As a consequence the acquisition of data from approximately 90 different campaigns assembled here was not standardised. Nevertheless, it was possible to classify this broad variety of known macrobenthic assemblages to the best of expert knowledge (Gutt 2007; Fig. 1). This overview does not replace statistically sound community and diversity analyses. However, it shows from where which kind of information is available and it acts as an example of the feasibility and power of such data collections. The data set provides unique georeferenced biological basic information for the planning of future coordinated research activities, e.g. under the umbrella of the biology program "Antarctic Thresholds - Ecosystem Resilience and Adaptation" (AnT-ERA) of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and especially for actual conservation issues, e.g. the planning of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR). C1 [Gutt, Julian] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Barnes, David K. A.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Lockhart, Susanne J.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [van de Putte, Anton] ANTA BIF, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. RP Gutt, J (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Columbusstr, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM julian.gutt@awi.de NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1314-6947 EI 1314-3301 J9 NAT CONSERV-BULGARIA JI Nat. Conserv.-Bulgaria PY 2013 IS 4 BP 1 EP 13 DI 10.3897/natureconservation.4.4499 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA V39TD UT WOS:000209432400001 ER PT S AU Pham, MS Hu, L Iadicola, M Creuziger, A Rollett, AD AF Minh-Son Pham Hu, Lin Iadicola, Mark Creuziger, Adam Rollett, Anthony D. BE Yoon, JW Stoughton, TB Rolfe, B Beynon, JH Hodgson, P TI The Strain Path Dependence of Plastic Deformation Response of AA5754: Experiment and Modeling SO NUMISHEET 2014: THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3D SHEET METAL FORMING PROCESSES: PART A BENCHMARK PROBLEMS AND RESULTS AND PART B GENERAL PAPERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes (NUMISHEET) CY JAN 05-10, 2014 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP AutoForm, ESI, Korea Inst Mat Sci, Ford, JSTAMP, Space Solut, LG Elect, Deakin Univ, Univ Adelaide, Swinburne UnivTechnol DE Latent hardening; Strain path dependence; Aging; Recovery; AA5754 ID TEXTURE DEVELOPMENT; POLYCRYSTALS AB This work presents modeling of experiments on a balanced biaxial (BB) pre-strained AA5754 alloy, subsequently reloaded uniaxially along the rolling direction and transverse direction. The material exhibits a complex plastic deformation response during the change in strain path due to 1) crystallographic texture, 2) aging (interactions between dislocations and Mg atoms) and 3) recovery (annihilation and re-arrangement of dislocations). With a BB pre-strain of about 5 %, the aging process is dominant, and the yield strength for uniaxially deformed samples is observed to be higher than the flow stress during BB straining. The strain hardening rate after changing path is, however, lower than that for pre-straining. Higher degrees of pre-straining make the dynamic recovery more active. The dynamic recovery at higher strain levels compensates for the aging effect, and results in: 1) a reduction of the yield strength, and 2) an increase in the hardening rate of re-strained specimens along other directions. The yield strength of deformed samples is further reduced if these samples are left at room temperature to let static recovery occur. The synergistic influences of texture condition, aging and recovery processes on the material response make the modeling of strain path dependence of mechanical behavior of AA5754 challenging. In this study, the influence of crystallographic texture is taken into account by incorporating the latent hardening into a visco-plastic self-consistent model. Different strengths of dislocation glide interaction models in 24 slip systems are used to represent the latent hardening. Moreover, the aging and recovery effects are also included into the latent hardening model by considering strong interactions between dislocations and dissolved atom Mg and the microstructural evolution. These microstructural considerations provide a powerful capability to successfully describe the strain path dependence of plastic deformation behavior of AA5754. C1 [Minh-Son Pham; Hu, Lin; Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Minh-Son Pham; Iadicola, Mark; Creuziger, Adam] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Automot, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Lin] IBM Corp, Armonk, NY USA. RP Pham, MS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1195-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1567 BP 500 EP 503 DI 10.1063/1.4850021 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BB7UW UT WOS:000346047800046 ER PT S AU Iadicola, MA AF Iadicola, Mark A. BE Yoon, JW Stoughton, TB Rolfe, B Beynon, JH Hodgson, P TI Augmented Use of Standard Mechanical Testing Measurements for Sheet Metal Forming: Digital Image Correlation for Localized Necking SO NUMISHEET 2014: THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 3D SHEET METAL FORMING PROCESSES: PART A BENCHMARK PROBLEMS AND RESULTS AND PART B GENERAL PAPERS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference and Workshop on Numerical Simulation of 3D Sheet Metal Forming Processes (NUMISHEET) CY JAN 06-10, 2014 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP AutoForm, ESI, Korea Inst Mat Sci, Ford, JSTAMP, Space Solut, LG Elect, Deakin Univ, Univ Adelaide, Swinburne UnivTechnol DE digital image correlation; shape measurement; necking; forming limit AB Standard test methods are often well developed to perform specific measurements with frequent updates as measurement technologies mature. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a prime example of a widely used research tool that could replace existing measurement techniques applied in various standard tests. This broad applicability has led to new insights and misunderstandings. In this work, the DIC pattern and processing parameters are investigated to measure shape and displacements on necked samples. Uncertainties of the measured shapes and displacements are determined on unstrained, but 3D surfaces. Large correlation subsets are found to degrade the ability to interrogate even slight grooves in the generally flat surface. Even with optimized patterns and subset sizes, it is difficult to measure vertical (out of plane) displacements <10 mu m, due to uncertainties. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iadicola, MA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.iadicola@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1195-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1567 BP 614 EP 619 DI 10.1063/1.4850048 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BB7UW UT WOS:000346047800073 ER PT S AU Hussey, DS Spernjak, D Wu, G Jacobson, DL Liu, D Khaykovich, B Gubarev, MV Fairweather, J Mukundan, R Lujan, R Zelenay, P Borup, RL AF Hussey, D. S. Spernjak, D. Wu, G. Jacobson, D. L. Liu, D. Khaykovich, B. Gubarev, M. V. Fairweather, J. Mukundan, R. Lujan, R. Zelenay, P. Borup, R. L. BE Gasteiger, HA Weber, A Shinohara, K Uchida, H Mitsushima, S Schmidt, TJ Narayanan, SR Ramani, V Fuller, T Edmundson, M Strasser, P Mantz, R Fenton, J Buchi, FN Hansen, DC Jones, DL Coutanceau, C SwiderLyons, K Perry, KA TI Neutron Imaging Of Water Transport In Polymer-Electrolyte Membranes And Membrane-Electrode Assemblies SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 13 (PEFC 13) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, N E Chemcat Corp AB Neutron imaging was been widely used to study the water distribution in proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow fields and gas diffusion layer. However, due to the limitation of spatial resolution, there has been little focus on the water transport process in the membrane and catalyst layer. Here we report on measurements made on thick membranes under saturation gradients which show no "jump condition" and on thick cathode catalyst layers to understand the water transport issues in a non-precious metal catalyst. Finally, we speculate on the possibility of obtaining neutron images with similar to 1 mu m spatial resolution. C1 [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spernjak, D.; Wu, G.; Fairweather, J.; Mukundan, R.; Lujan, R.; Zelenay, P.; Borup, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liu, D.; Khaykovich, B.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gubarev, M. V.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. RP Hussey, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Wu, Gang/E-8536-2010; Khaykovich, Boris/A-7376-2012; OI Wu, Gang/0000-0003-4956-5208; Khaykovich, Boris/0000-0002-9490-2771; Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-446-6; 978-1-60768-445-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1149/05801.0293ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC6TH UT WOS:000354475600027 ER PT S AU Fairweather, JD Spernjak, D Spendelow, J Mukundan, R Hussey, D Jacobson, D Borup, RL AF Fairweather, J. D. Spernjak, D. Spendelow, J. Mukundan, R. Hussey, D. Jacobson, D. Borup, R. L. BE Gasteiger, HA Weber, A Shinohara, K Uchida, H Mitsushima, S Schmidt, TJ Narayanan, SR Ramani, V Fuller, T Edmundson, M Strasser, P Mantz, R Fenton, J Buchi, FN Hansen, DC Jones, DL Coutanceau, C SwiderLyons, K Perry, KA TI Evaluation of Transient Water Content During PEMFC Operational Cycles by Stroboscopic Neutron Imaging SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 13 (PEFC 13) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, N E Chemcat Corp ID FUEL-CELLS; LIQUID WATER AB A method is demonstrated for increasing the effective temporal resolution of neutron imaging, by averaging a consistent time window across multiple PEMFC operational cycles. Rapid water transients are captured during the current density and humidity changes of a cell durability protocol. The response of different cell components is compared by in-plane imaging, while temperature variation and upstream effects are observed by through-plane imaging of larger cells. C1 [Fairweather, J. D.; Spernjak, D.; Spendelow, J.; Mukundan, R.; Borup, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hussey, D.; Jacobson, D.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fairweather, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-446-6; 978-1-60768-445-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 301 EP 307 DI 10.1149/05801.0301ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC6TH UT WOS:000354475600028 ER PT S AU Lu, ZJ Waldecker, J Xie, XB Lai, MC Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Lu, Zijie Waldecker, James Xie, Xingbing Lai, Ming-Chia Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. BE Gasteiger, HA Weber, A Shinohara, K Uchida, H Mitsushima, S Schmidt, TJ Narayanan, SR Ramani, V Fuller, T Edmundson, M Strasser, P Mantz, R Fenton, J Buchi, FN Hansen, DC Jones, DL Coutanceau, C SwiderLyons, K Perry, KA TI Investigation of Water Transport in Perforated Gas Diffusion Layer by Neutron Radiography SO POLYMER ELECTROLYTE FUEL CELLS 13 (PEFC 13) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Symposium (PEFC) CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Electrochem Soc, Corros Div, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, N E Chemcat Corp ID FUEL-CELLS; MANAGEMENT AB The influence of gas diffusion layer (GDL) modifications by laser perforation technique on fuel cell water management is investigated in this study. The liquid water distribution in membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) and water breakthrough in GDL are visualized using high resolution neutron radiography. The perforated GDL reduces water transport resistance, enhances water breakthrough in GDL, and promotes uniform water distribution in MEA. The observed effects account for the improved fuel cell performance caused by the perforated GDL. C1 [Lu, Zijie; Waldecker, James] Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA. [Xie, Xingbing; Lai, Ming-Chia] Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, ZJ (reprint author), Ford Motor Co, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-446-6; 978-1-60768-445-9 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 315 EP 324 DI 10.1149/05801.0315ecst PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BC6TH UT WOS:000354475600030 ER PT S AU Arvani, B Pierce, RB Teggi, S Bigi, A Ghermandi, G AF Arvani, B. Pierce, R. B. Teggi, S. Bigi, A. Ghermandi, G. BE Lekkas, TD TI IMPLEMENTATION OF IMAPP/IDEA-I OVER THE PO VALLEY REGION, NORTHERN ITALY, FOR AIR QUALITY MONITORING AND FORECASTING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology (CEST) CY SEP 05-07, 2013 CL Athens, GREECE SP Univ Aegean, Global Network Environm Sci & Technol DE IDEA-International; Aerosol Optical Depth; AOD; MODIS; PM10; Correlation; Po valley; MAIAC; Remote Sensing; Environmental Monitoring; Air quality ID PARTICULATE MATTER AB Satellite Earth Observations (EO) represent a powerful tool for environmental applications such as air quality monitoring and forecasting; new sensors and image processing methodologies allow for better spatial resolution. Air pollution is an important concern in the Po valley (northern Italy), one of the main industrialized and populated areas of the country, and, for this reason, intensely studied. In this work we focus on the applicability of satellite Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals in support of air quality monitoring and assessment in urban environments within the Po valley by using the implementation of the International MODIS/AIRS Processing Package (IMAPP) Air Quality Applications software, IDEA-1 (Infusing satellite Data into Environmental Applications-International) over the area. For our specific analyses, IDEA-1 was installed at University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, (Italy) using a large European domain, and a smaller domain over the Po valley. One year (2012) of MODO4 AOD retrievals from MODIS on board NASA's Terra satellite was considered using IDEA-1 in a retrospective study. We needed to develop tools to adapt IDEA-I using MODIS AOD data archived at the NASA Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System (LAADS). This was required because IDEA! is setup for near-real time use of MODIS Direct Broadcast retrievals by default. The Level 2 Aerosol Products, collection 5.1 have been used, which returns AOD data at 0.55 pm with a spatial resolution of 10X10 km(2) retrieved from MODIS (MOD04). These retrieved data were compared with PM10 mass concentration measurements from the Italian Agency for Environmental Protection (ARPA) network. Correspondence between AOD and PM10 data suggests that satellite AOD values could be a good substitute for monitoring air quality over the Po valley domain. Moreover, the integration of the use of IDEA-I over the Po valley could give the opportunity to monitor and forecast air pollution and understand particular polluted situations in the past with a retrospective use of IDEA-I. Because of the limited domain of analyses, it is useful to refine the spatial resolution of MODIS AOD maps. This will be accomplished by introducing the use of a recently developed AOD algorithm, MAIAC (Multi-angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction), which provides MODIS AOD maps at a high spatial resolution of 1 km. This new application will permit us to obtain high resolution AOD maps for the year 2012 over the Po valley domain. C1 [Arvani, B.; Teggi, S.; Bigi, A.; Ghermandi, G.] Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Ingn Enzo Ferrari, I-41125 Modena, Italy. [Pierce, R. B.] NOAA, NESDI Adv Satellite Prod Branch, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Arvani, B (reprint author), Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento Ingn Enzo Ferrari, I-41125 Modena, Italy. EM barbara.arvani@unimore.it RI Teggi, Sergio/K-2836-2015; Ghermandi, Grazia/N-1775-2015 OI Teggi, Sergio/0000-0001-7375-0599; Ghermandi, Grazia/0000-0002-4597-8948 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GLOBAL NEST, SECRETARIAT PI ATHENS PA UNIV, AEGEAN, 30, VOULGAROKTONOU STR, ATHENS, GR 114 72, GREECE SN 1106-5516 BN 978-960-7475-51-0 J9 PROC INT CONF ENV SC PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB7WL UT WOS:000346067900325 ER PT J AU Miles, CS Kovach, K Dobyne, J Van Dyke, K Weiss, M AF Miles, Calvin S. Kovach, Karl Dobyne, John Van Dyke, Karen Weiss, Marc GP Inst Navigat TI GPS Integrity Architecture Opportunities SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite-Division-of-the-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 16-20, 2013 CL Nashville, TN SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB The Global Positioning System (GPS) integrity architecture forms the basis for several GPS integrity augmentation systems, most notably, the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS), Receiver-based Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) and its proposed extension the Advanced RAIM (ARAIM). This paper surveys several opportunities to increase the integrity of GPS. These opportunities are accompanied by the motivation to use the increased integrity to increase the performance of ARAIM and WAAS. Some of these opportunities already exist today, like taking credit for the GPS a priori failure rates determined by Integrity Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (IFMEA). Some are part of the current GPS program evolution, while others could be incorporated into the later stages of the GPS III satellites and the Next Generation Operational Control System (OCX) programs. The current level of GPS constellation integrity performance is better than 1x10(-4) per hour for the probability of unalerted misleading signal information (UMSI) with the assumption that there are 10 satellites in view. This is based on the U.S. Government commitment to maintain an integrity performance level of better than or equal to 1x10(-5) per hour per satellite UMSI probability as documented in the Global Positioning System Standard Positioning Service Performance Standard. Beyond this minimum "threshold" level of integrity performance, there is also an "objective" level of integrity performance specified in requirements documents for the GPS III satellites and OCX. This objective level of integrity performance is three orders of magnitude better than the threshold level of integrity performance. If the objective level of integrity performance of 1 x 10(-7) per hour probability of UMSI assuming 10 GPS III satellites used in the position solution (i.e., probability of 1 x 10(-8) per hour per satellite, allocated between the space and control segments) were eventually achieved, then WAAS and RAIM/ARAIM would no longer be needed to provide additional integrity assurance for the aviation user. Our previous paper [1] explored this core GPS III Integrity Concept, where the objective level of integrity performance is provided entirely within the GPS system. The objective level of core GPS III integrity, however, will only come at a substantial cost in technical and programmatic difficulty and requires the full GPS constellation to be repopulated with high integrity GPS III+ satellites. This paper suggests that it may be beneficial to examine the viability of an incremental approach to improving GPS integrity to points in between the threshold and objective levels so as to gain either corresponding improvements in WAAS performance and RAIM/ ARAIM capability or - perhaps more importantly - corresponding reductions in WAAS and ARAIM complexity and cost. C1 [Miles, Calvin S.] FAA, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Kovach, Karl] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Dobyne, John] Booz Allen & Hamilton Inc, Hamilton, ON, Canada. [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Miles, CS (reprint author), FAA, Hamilton, ON, Canada. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 2592 EP 2604 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE7FX UT WOS:000375213002055 ER PT J AU Damiani, TM Bilich, A Mader, GL AF Damiani, Theresa M. Bilich, Andria Mader, Gerald L. GP Inst Navigat TI Evaluating Aircraft Positioning Methods for Airborne Gravimetry: Results from GRAV-D's "Kinematic GPS Processing Challenge" SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 26TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite-Division-of-the-Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 16-20, 2013 CL Nashville, TN SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div ID ACCURACY AB The National Geodetic Survey's (NGS's) Gravity for the Redefinition of the American Vertical Datum (GRAV-D) program will collect airborne gravity data across the entire U.S. and its holdings over the next decade. To achieve the best airborne gravity data accuracy possible, accurate aircraft positions, velocities, and accelerations are necessary for calculating the gravity corrections. So, in August 2010, NGS issued the "Kinematic GPS Processing Challenge" (hereafter called the "Challenge") asking for kinematic positioning specialists to voluntarily process geodetic-quality L1/L2 GPS data on two GRAVD flights. The goal of the Challenge is to directly compare the position from a variety of methods to examine the precision and accuracy of available kinematic processing methods, as well as compare the gravity results computed from each of those position solutions. This paper will focus on only the positioning results. Nineteen position solutions for each of two days of data were submitted from twelve contributors in response to the Challenge. Submitted position solutions, when differenced with an ensemble average solution, showed a "sawtooth" pattern in 13 out of 19 results, attributed to clock jumps in the aircraft's Trimble receiver that affected the majority of solutions. Based on the 3-sigma values of the differences with respect to the ensemble, which represent 99.7% of submitted position differences, we generalize that position solutions made for GRAV-D flight profiles, using modern software and an experienced processor, will be precise to within +/-8.9 cm Latitude, 14.3 cm Longitude, and 34.8 cm Ellipsoidal Height. Comparison of average kinematic positions with a static position for the aircraft during stationary time periods at the start and end of every flight reveals a bias in some of the coordinates to the south-west and negative ellipsoidal height. The submitted differential single baseline, differential network, and PPP solutions were mostly indistinguishable from one another. This suggests that post-processing of the data could use zero base stations (any kinematic PPP method) and achieve equivalent positioning results as processing with one or more base stations, for these long-baseline, high-altitude, high-speed flights. C1 [Damiani, Theresa M.; Bilich, Andria; Mader, Gerald L.] NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Geosci Res Div, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Damiani, TM (reprint author), NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Geosci Res Div, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 3489 EP 3507 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BE7FX UT WOS:000375213003045 ER PT J AU Howe, DA Hati, A Nelson, CW AF Howe, D. A. Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. GP Inst Navigat TI Ultra-low Phase Noise Oscillators and Synthesizers for Managing and Relieving Spectral Congestion: A Tutorial Introduction SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) CY DEC 02-05, 2013 CL Bellevue, WA ID OFDM AB Precise timing in shared-user, wireless data communications systems directly affects the growing concern in establishing and managing 'spectrum harmony'. For shared spectrum, an efficient and widely accepted modulation type is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The main advantage of OFDM to other modulation protocols is its efficient use of spectrum and substantial resistance to multipath effects and fading. This report discusses how ultra-low -phase noise (ULPN) oscillators from stabilized optical frequency dividers (OFD's) might be used to improve the efficiency in shared-user, wireless data communications systems. In particular, spectral congestion might be alleviated by simply increasing the number of sub-carriers. This can only be done by lowering phase noise, especially near the carrier, in the local oscillators (LOs) used throughout a particular network of users. We find that the number of users in wireless communications systems can be increased by using new low-phase noise oscillators that are being developed for other applications. The improved long-term (>1s) phase stability can significantly narrow the bandwidth (BW) to 1 Hz in the clock (tracking) used in the receiver. This BW further increases resistance to other shared users and jammers, multipath fading, and eavesdropping, thus increasing range. How much advantage depends on a multitude of factors and is beyond the scope of this overview. Our intent is to show how ULPN-OFD technology can and should be a part of the roadmap toward improved spectrum management. C1 [Howe, D. A.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 263 EP 264 PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BC0TH UT WOS:000349532400035 ER PT J AU Parker, TE AF Parker, Thomas E. GP Inst Navigat TI Three-Corner Hat Analysis of the Stability of UTC and Various UTC(k)s SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) CY DEC 02-05, 2013 CL Bellevue, WA AB The stabilities of some local UTC time scales have recently improved dramatically with the use of cesium or rubidium fountains as nearly always present frequency references. Along with time scales using maser ensembles, there are now a number of other very stable scales with comparable frequency stability. Improved frequency stability means better performance at serving as a local real-time representation of UTC. It is now possible to perform a meaningful three-corner hat Allan deviation analysis to determine the individual stabilities of the best local UTC(k)'s, as well as UTC itself. Included in this analysis using data from Circular T are the local time scales at the US Naval Observatory, UTC(USNO), the National Institute of Standards and Technology, UTC(NIST), the Paris Observatory, UTC(OP), and in Germany, UTC(PTB). All local UTC(k)' s are of course steered to UTC, which artificially improves the apparent long-term stability (hundreds of days). Therefore, in addition to the UTC(k) time scales, the stabilities of two local free-running atomic time scales, TA(k)'s, have also been analyzed along with TAI. Results of these evaluations are presented. Fractional frequency stabilities are in the range of 2x10(-15) to 3x10(-16) over various values of tau. The improved long-term stability achieved with nearly continuously operating fountains is clearly evident. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Parker, TE (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 269 EP 273 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BC0TH UT WOS:000349532400037 ER PT J AU Yao, J Levine, J AF Yao, Jian Levine, Judah GP Inst Navigat TI A New Algorithm to Eliminate GPS Carrier-Phase Time Transfer Boundary Discontinuity SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 45TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 45th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting (PTTI) CY DEC 02-05, 2013 CL Bellevue, WA AB We report on a study of the Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase (CP) time transfer boundary discontinuity by the use of the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. We first demonstrate that the pseudorange measurement noise leads to the boundary discontinuity by simulation. We also find that the boundary discontinuity is reduced by 10%-30% when executing PPP with the input of the IGS 30-sec clock product, instead of the IGS 5-min clock product, by analyzing the real Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) data. The average of several GPS receivers at the same station can also reduce the impact of pseudorange measurement noise on the boundary discontinuity. The improvement is typically 15%-20%. Besides, a bad data point in the RINEX file can affect not only the time at that specific epoch, but also the whole time at all epochs and thus the boundary discontinuity, especially when the bad point happens at the boundary of the data-arc. The RINEX-Shift algorithm is designed to eliminate the boundary discontinuity. A new program, called "NEW PPP", is then developed based on the above analysis and conclusions. The time comparison between NIST and PTB by NEW PPP matches the Two Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer (TWSTFT) result better than the conventional PPP result, in terms of the long-term (e.g., 10 days) tendency. This shows that the result of NEW PPP is closer to the true value, compared to the conventional PPP result. The comparison between two distant fountains shows that we are able to observe the UTC(k) clock behavior for an averaging time of greater than 1 day. This fountain comparison also sets up the upper limit of NEW PPP time transfer noise. It is 3x10(-16) for an averaging time of 10 days. C1 [Yao, Jian; Levine, Judah] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian.yao@colorado.edu NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 292 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Marine; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BC0TH UT WOS:000349532400039 ER PT B AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail GP ASME TI SPARSE SPECTRUM SEAS AND WAVES STATISTICS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 32ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING - 2013, VOL 2B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL Nantes, FRANCE SP ASME, Ocean Offshore & Arctic Engn Div AB A novel Sparse Spectrum (SS) model of the sea surface (M. Charnotskii, Proc. OMAE, 2011) is based on the conjecture that each surface realization contains a finite, possibly random, number of sinusoidal components with random frequency, phase and amplitude. Unlike the conventional FFT-based model, the number of spectral components forming the surface is determined by the sea state, but not the desired spatial resolution and domain size. A single constrain on the probability distribution of the wavenumbers, and the amplitude variances of the components and the number of spectral components allows the SS surface to conform to any prescribed spectral density. Spectra and single-point probability distribution of the surface elevations are not sensitive to the number of sparse spectral components. In order to gain information about the spectral sparsity of the surface elevation we use our SS-based Monte-Carlo model for the surface elevations to examine the sensitivity of the statistics of the individual waves to the number of the sparse spectral components. We analyze the probability distributions of the wave heights; mean zero crossing period, and exceedance probability of the crest height at a fixed point and over a given region of area for the wave records generated by the SS model and compare it to the statistics based on the traditional FFT-based Monte-Carlo models corresponding to the dense spectrum model. We use the Elfouhaily et.al. spectral model [3] that is common for the ocean remote sensing applications and discuss the sensitivity of the wave statistics to the spectral model choice. C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5533-1 PY 2013 AR V02BT02A042 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD4DE UT WOS:000360513100042 ER PT B AU Madan, J Mani, M Lyons, KW AF Madan, Jatinder Mani, Mahesh Lyons, Kevin W. GP ASME TI CHARACTERIZING ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 8TH INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference CY JUN 10-14, 2013 CL Madison, WI SP ASME, Mfg Engn Div DE sustainable manufacturing; injection molding; cycle time; theoretical minimum energy; energy consumption; information models AB Presently available systems for sustainability assessment do not fully account for aspects related to a product's manufacturing. In an effort to make more sustainable decisions, today's industry seeks reliable methods to assess and compare sustainability for manufacturing. As part of the Sustainable Manufacturing program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), one of our objectives is to help develop the needed measurement science, standards and methodologies to evaluate and improve sustainability of manufacturing processes. As a first step towards developing standard reference sustainability characterization methodologies for unit manufacturing processes, in this paper we focus on injection molding with energy as the sustainability indicator. We present a science-based guideline to characterize energy consumption for a part manufactured using the injection molding process. Based on the study, we discuss the selection of process parameters and manufacturing resources, determination of cycle time, theoretical minimum energy computations, and estimated energy computations for characterizing the injection molding process. C1 [Madan, Jatinder; Mani, Mahesh; Lyons, Kevin W.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Madan, J (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jatinder.madan@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5546-1 PY 2013 AR V002T04A015 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BC1BJ UT WOS:000349928400066 ER PT J AU Martinsons, C Zong, Y Miller, C Ohno, Y Olive, F Picard, N AF Martinsons, C. Zong, Y. Miller, C. Ohno, Y. Olive, F. Picard, N. GP CIE TI INFLUENCE OF CURRENT AND VOLTAGE HARMONIC DISTORTION ON THE POWER MEASUREMENT OF LED LAMPS AND LUMINAIRES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CIE CENTENARY CONFERENCE TOWARDS A NEW CENTURY OF LIGHT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CIE Centenary Conference on Towards a New Century of Light CY APR 15-16, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int Commiss Illuminat DE LED; lamp; electrical metrology; luminous efficacy; power; power factor; harmonic currents; harmonic distortion; source impedance AB Specific issues appear in the measurement of the electrical power of AC-powered LED lamps and luminaires because they often generate harmonic currents in a wide frequency range. The topic of this paper is to clarify the impact of these harmonic currents on the measurement of the active power. When high frequency currents are generated in an electrical circuit, the resulting voltage, current and power become very sensitive to the bandwidth of the measurement devices and to the impedance of the power supply circuit (source impedance). In this paper, several expressions of the error terms in the active power are established as functions of the total harmonic distortion figures of the AC current and the voltage. An experimental set-up was designed to compare the active power measurements performed with different source impedances and different bandwidths on an LED lamp generating high frequency harmonic currents. The active power was typically underestimated by about 3% when the measurement bandwidth was limited to 2 kHz, the IEC-61000-3-2 limit for measuring the power of lighting equipment. Similarly, deviations of about -6% appeared with increasing source impedances. C1 [Martinsons, C.; Olive, F.; Picard, N.] Ctr Sci & Tech Batiment, St Martin Dheres, France. [Zong, Y.; Miller, C.; Ohno, Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martinsons, C (reprint author), Ctr Sci & Tech Batiment, St Martin Dheres, France. EM christophe.martinsons@cstb.fr NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU PI VIENNA PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-902842-44-2 PY 2013 BP 290 EP 299 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC4NH UT WOS:000352784700039 ER PT J AU Uchida, T Ohno, Y AF Uchida, T. Ohno, Y. GP CIE TI EFFECT OF HIGH LUMINANCE SOURCES TO PERIPHERAL ADAPTATION STATE IN MESOPIC RANGE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE CIE CENTENARY CONFERENCE TOWARDS A NEW CENTURY OF LIGHT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT CIE Centenary Conference on Towards a New Century of Light CY APR 15-16, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int Commiss Illuminat DE mesopic photometry; adaptation field; visual task performance; luminance contrast detection threshold; veiling luminance AB CIE 191: 2010 recommends a mesopic photometry system that defines the spectral luminous efficiency function for peripheral visual tasks. For implementation of the system, the visual adaptation field needs to be defined, taking into account the effect of surrounding luminance on the adaptation state. To establish this definition, a series of vision experiments has been conducted to measure the effect of a high luminance source on the adaptation state for a peripheral eccentricity in the mesopic range. The results show that a model employing a veiling luminance equation for the peripheral view field can predict the adaptation state adequately at higher levels of adaptation luminance in the mesopic region, while the model does not work well at lower levels of adaptation luminance. C1 [Uchida, T.] Panasonic Corp, Osaka, Japan. [Uchida, T.; Ohno, Y.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Uchida, T (reprint author), Panasonic Corp, Osaka, Japan. EM uchida.tatsukiyo@jp.panasonic.com NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU C I E CENTRAL BUREAU PI VIENNA PA KEGELGASSE 27, A-1030 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-902842-44-2 PY 2013 BP 529 EP 536 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BC4NH UT WOS:000352784700070 ER PT S AU Barbau, R Lubell, J Rachuri, S Foufou, S AF Barbau, Raphael Lubell, Joshua Rachuri, Sudarsan Foufou, Sebti BE Bernard, A Rivest, L Dutta, D TI Toward a Reference Architecture for Archival Systems SO PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT FOR SOCIETY (PLM 2013) SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IFIP WG 5.1 International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) CY JUL 06-10, 2013 CL Nantes, FRANCE SP Int Federat Informat Proc WG 5 1 AB Long-term preservation of product data is imperative for many organizations. A product data archive should be designed to ensure information accessibility and understanding over time. Approaches such as the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference Model and the Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories (ACTDR) provide a framework for conceptually describing and evaluating archives. These approaches are generic and do not focus on particular contexts or content types. Enterprise architecture provides a way to describe systems in their potentially complex environments. This paper proposes a holistic approach to formally describe the architecture and the environment of archival systems. This approach relies on the formal representation of the preservation terminology, including OAIS concepts, using the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF). The approach covers the various interactions of other business functions with the archive, and the information models necessary to ensure preservation and accessibility. This approach is a step toward a reference architecture for the formal description of archival systems. C1 [Barbau, Raphael; Foufou, Sebti] Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, F-21078 Dijon, France. [Barbau, Raphael; Lubell, Joshua; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foufou, Sebti] Qatar Univ, CENG, CSE Dept, Doha, Qatar. RP Barbau, R (reprint author), Univ Bourgogne, Le2i, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France. OI Foufou, Sebti/0000-0002-3555-9125 NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-642-41501-2 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2013 VL 409 BP 68 EP 77 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BD7LD UT WOS:000363258100008 ER PT S AU Ray, JR Rebischung, P Schmid, R AF Ray, J. R. Rebischung, P. Schmid, R. BE Altamimi, Z Collilieux, X TI Dependence of IGS Products on the ITRF Datum SO REFERENCE FRAMES FOR APPLICATIONS IN GEOSCIENCES SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG Symposium on Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences (REFAG) CY OCT 04-08, 2010 CL Ecole Nationale Sci Geographiques, Marne la Vallee, FRANCE SP Univ Marne Lavallee, IAG HO Ecole Nationale Sci Geographiques DE Reference frames; International GNSS service (IGS); International terrestrial reference frame (ITRF); Terrestrial scale; Antenna calibration ID POLAR MOTION AB Throughout its nearly two decades, the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Service (IGS) has sought to align its products closely to successive realizations of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). This has been disruptive for IGS users at times, especially during the 1990s when some radical ITRF datum choices were adopted. During the past decade, IGS impacts due to ITRF updates have been smaller and mostly caused by errors in the results from the contributing space geodetic techniques. Frame orientations (rotations) are purely conventional, so the IGS relies on the ITRF via a subset of reliable, globally distributed stations. Except for the period when ITRF93 was used, this procedure has worked well. The IGS origin in principle could be self-reliant or contributory to ITRF by direct observation of a frame origin aligned to the long-term center of mass of the entire Earth system. In practice, however, GNSS-based results have been less reliable than those from satellite laser ranging (SLR). So the ITRF origin, based on SLR only, has been adopted historically. Until the transition from ITRF2005 to ITRF2008, there have sometimes been significant origin shifts as SLR results have evolved. However, the present stability of the ITRF origin may finally have reached the few-mm level. In many respects, the IGS dependence on the ITRF scale is most subtle and problematic. In addition to an overall Helmert alignment of the IGS frame to match the ITRF scale (and other datum parameters), since 2006 the IGS calibration values for the GNSS satellite antenna z-offsets depend directly on the same ITRF scale (due to high correlations if the IGS frame scale is not fixed). We therefore face a non-linear situation to maintain full consistency between all IGS products and the ITRF scale: each IGS frame contribution to ITRF based on one set of antenna calibrations must be used, together with frames from other techniques, to determine an updated ITRF and new antenna calibrations, which are then no longer strictly consistent with the starting IGS frame. One can hope that the process will iteratively converge eventually. But large shifts in the ITRF scale, such as the -1 ppb change from ITRF2005 to ITRF2008, are highly disturbing, much more so than the associated rotational or translational shifts. Only SLR and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) have been considered reliable and accurate enough to be used for the ITRF scale. But experience and theoretical studies have shown that neither is accurate to better than about 1 ppb. Note in particular that a 1 ppb uncertainty in the GM constant fundamentally limits the possible scale agreement between SLR and VLBI to no better. Consequently, the authors strongly urge that the ITRF scale hereafter be fixed conventionally to the ITRF2008 scale indefinitely until it is convincingly shown that VLBI and/or SLR can determine the ITRF scale within 0.5 ppb. If this is not done, the IGS might maintain its own ITRF2008 scaled frame to minimize future operational dislocations. C1 [Ray, J. R.] NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rebischung, P.] Univ Paris Diderot, IGN LAREG, F-75013 Paris, France. [Schmid, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Inst Astron & Phys Geodasie, D-80290 Munich, Germany. RP Ray, JR (reprint author), NOAA Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jim.ray@noaa.gov RI Schmid, Ralf/E-7484-2011 OI Schmid, Ralf/0000-0002-8794-2230 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-32998-2 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2013 VL 138 BP 63 EP 67 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-32998-2_11 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD8BE UT WOS:000363743800011 ER PT S AU Smith, DA Veronneau, M Roman, DR Huang, J Wang, YM Sideris, MG AF Smith, D. A. Veronneau, M. Roman, D. R. Huang, J. Wang, Y. M. Sideris, M. G. BE Altamimi, Z Collilieux, X TI Towards the Unification of the Vertical Datum Over the North American Continent SO REFERENCE FRAMES FOR APPLICATIONS IN GEOSCIENCES SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG Symposium on Reference Frames for Applications in Geosciences (REFAG) CY OCT 04-08, 2010 CL Ecole Nationale Sci Geographiques, Marne la Vallee, FRANCE SP Univ Marne Lavallee, IAG HO Ecole Nationale Sci Geographiques DE Unification of the vertical datum; Gravity and geoid AB The United States adopted the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) for its official vertical datum in the 1990s. Canada has been using the Canadian Geodetic Vertical Datum (CGVD28) for its height applications since the 1930s. The use of the different datums causes inconsistent heights across the border between the two countries, and the topographic height data from the two countries are not compatible. Both datums rely on passive control and significant pre-modern survey data, yielding not only misalignment of the datums to the best known global geoid at approximately 1-2 m, but also local uplift and subsidence issues which may significantly exceed 1-2 m in extreme cases. Today, the GNSS provides the geometric (ellipsoidal) height to an accuracy of 1-2 cm globally. The use of current inaccurate vertical datums no longer serves the purpose it once did. Because of this, users have begun to demand a physical height system that is closely related to the Earth's gravity field to a comparable accuracy. To address this need, government agencies of both countries are preparing the next generation of vertical datums. Even if the new datums are based on the same concepts and parameters, it is possible to have inconsistent heights along the borders due to the differences in the realization of the datums. To avoid inconsistency, it is in the interest of both countries to have a united, seamless, highly accurate vertical datum. The proposed replacements for CGVD28 and NAVD88 shall be based on GNSS positioning and a high accuracy gravimetric geoid that covers the territories of the United States, Canada, Mexico and the surrounding waters (to include all of Alaska, Hawaii, the Caribbean and Central America). To account for the effect of the sea level change, postglacial rebound, earthquakes and subsidence, this datum will also provide information on these changes. Detailed description of the definition, realization and maintenance of the datum is proposed. The challenges in realization and maintaining the datum are also discussed. C1 [Smith, D. A.; Roman, D. R.; Wang, Y. M.] Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Veronneau, M.; Huang, J.] Nat Resources Canada, CCRS, Geodet Survey Div, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Sideris, M. G.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. RP Smith, DA (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-32998-2 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2013 VL 138 BP 253 EP 258 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-32998-2_36 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing GA BD8BE UT WOS:000363743800036 ER PT J AU Fondevila, M Phillips, C Santos, C Aradas, AF Vallone, PM Butler, JM Lareu, MV Carracedo, A AF Fondevila, M. Phillips, C. Santos, C. Freire Aradas, A. Vallone, P. M. Butler, J. M. Lareu, M. V. Carracedo, A. TI Revision of the SNPforID 34-plex forensic ancestry test: Assay enhancements, standard reference sample genotypes and extended population studies SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE SNPs; Genetic ancestry; Ancestry inference; Population genetics; Population admixture ID SKELETAL REMAINS; MULTIPLEX ASSAY; SNP; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; MARKERS; POLYMORPHISMS; PANEL AB A revision of an established 34 SNP forensic ancestry test has been made by swapping the under-performing rs727811 component SNP with the highly informative rs3827760 that shows a near-fixed East Asian specific allele. We collated SNP variability data for the revised SNP set in 66 reference populations from 1000 Genomes and HGDP-CEPH panels and used this as reference data to analyse four U.S. populations showing a range of admixture patterns. The U.S. Hispanics sample in particular displayed heterogeneous values of co-ancestry between European, Native American and African contributors, likely to reflect in part, the way this disparate group is defined using cultural as well as population genetic parameters. The genotyping of over 700 U.S. population samples also provided the opportunity to thoroughly gauge peak mobility variation and peak height ratios observed from routine use of the single base extension chemistry of the 34-plex test. Finally, the genotyping of the widely used DNA profiling Standard Reference Material samples plus other control DNAs completes the audit of the 34-plex assay to allow forensic practitioners to apply this test more readily in their own laboratories. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fondevila, M.; Phillips, C.; Santos, C.; Freire Aradas, A.; Lareu, M. V.; Carracedo, A.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Legal Med, Forens Genet Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Vallone, P. M.; Butler, J. M.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Phillips, C (reprint author), Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Legal Med, Forens Genet Unit, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. EM c.phillips@mac.com RI Santos, Carla/C-4472-2013; Lareu, Maviky/E-4909-2013; Freire-Aradas, Ana/D-1330-2014; Fondevila Alvarez, Manuel/D-4385-2014; Phillips, Christopher/E-4005-2012; OI Santos, Carla/0000-0002-4575-1807; Lareu, Maviky/0000-0002-6165-9795; Phillips, Christopher/0000-0002-9601-0128; Carracedo, Angel/0000-0003-1085-8986 FU Fundacion Barrie de la Maza Postgraduate Grant Program; Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology [SFRH/BD/75627/2010]; European Social Fund (Human Potential Thematic Operational Program); Xunta de Galicia [INCITE 09 208163PR]; Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [BIO2006-06178] FX The work of MF at NIST has been supported by the Fundacion Barrie de la Maza Postgraduate Grant Program (2010). CS was awarded a PhD grant to by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/75627/2010 and co-financed by the European Social Fund (Human Potential Thematic Operational Program). AFA was supported by a Maria Barbeito grant from Xunta de Galicia. MVL was supported by funding from Xunta de Galicia INCITE 09 208163PR and Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia BIO2006-06178. NR 25 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 BP 63 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.007 PG 12 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 040TE UT WOS:000311345800017 PM 22749789 ER PT J AU Oostdik, K French, J Yet, D Smalling, B Nolde, C Vallone, PM Butts, ELR Hill, CR Kline, MC Rinta, T Gerow, AM Allen, SR Huber, CK Teske, J Krenke, B Ensenberger, M Fulmer, P Sprecher, C AF Oostdik, Kathryn French, Julie Yet, Donald Smalling, Briana Nolde, Craig Vallone, Peter M. Butts, Erica L. R. Hill, Carolyn R. Kline, Margaret C. Rinta, Theresa Gerow, Amy M. Allen, Stacey R. Huber, Christopher K. Teske, John Krenke, Benjamin Ensenberger, Martin Fulmer, Patricia Sprecher, Cynthia TI Developmental validation of the PowerPlex (R) 18D System, a rapid STR multiplex for analysis of reference samples SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Forensic science; Short tandem repeat; Direct amplification; FTA (R); Validation; PowerPlex (R) ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ALLELE FREQUENCIES; PCR AMPLIFICATION; DNA; LOCI; POPULATIONS; INHIBITION AB As short tandem repeat markers remain the foundation of human identification throughout the world, new STR multiplexes require rigorous testing to ensure the assays are sufficiently robust and reliable for genotyping purposes. The PowerPlex (R) 18D System was created for the direct amplification of buccal and blood samples from FTA (R) storage cards and reliably accommodates other sample materials. The PowerPlex (R) 18D System allows simultaneous amplification of the 13 CODIS loci and amelogenin along with four additional loci: Penta E, Penta D, D2S1338, and D19S433. To demonstrate suitability for human identification testing, the PowerPlex (R) 18D System was tested for sensitivity, concordance, inhibitor tolerance, and performance with thermal cycling and reaction condition variation following SWGDAM developmental validation guidelines. Given these results, PowerPlex (R) 18D System can confidently be used for forensic and human identification testing. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Oostdik, Kathryn; Krenke, Benjamin; Ensenberger, Martin; Fulmer, Patricia; Sprecher, Cynthia] Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [French, Julie] Michigan State Police, Forens Sci Div, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Yet, Donald] Michigan State Police, Biometr & Identificat Div, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. [Smalling, Briana; Nolde, Craig] Sorenson Forens, Salt Lake City, UT 84115 USA. [Vallone, Peter M.; Butts, Erica L. R.; Hill, Carolyn R.; Kline, Margaret C.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rinta, Theresa; Gerow, Amy M.] Arizona Dept Publ Safety, Sci Anal Bur, Phoenix, AZ 85009 USA. [Allen, Stacey R.; Huber, Christopher K.] New Jersey State Police, DNA Lab, Hamilton, NJ USA. [Teske, John] Texas Dept Publ Safety, Crime Lab, Austin, TX USA. RP Oostdik, K (reprint author), Promega Corp, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM katie.oostdik@promega.com; frenchj@michigan.gov; yetd@michigan.gov; bsmalling@sorensonforensics.com; cnolde@sorensonforensics.com; peter.vallone@nist.gov; erica.butts@nist.gov; becky.hill@nist.gov; margaret.kline@nist.gov; trinta@azdps.gov; agerow@azdps.gov; lppalles@gw.njsp.org; lpphubec@gw.njsp.org; john.teske@txdps.state.tx.us; benjamin.krenke@promega.com; patricia.fulmer@promega.com; cindy.sprecher@promega.com NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.07.008 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 040TE UT WOS:000311345800023 PM 22921483 ER PT J AU Joung, CB Carrell, J Sarkar, P Feng, SC AF Joung, Che B. Carrell, John Sarkar, Prabir Feng, Shaw C. TI Categorization of indicators for sustainable manufacturing SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Sustainable manufacturing; Sustainability indicator; Sustainability measurement; Sustainability measurement infrastructure AB The manufacturing industry is seeking an open, inclusive, and neutral set of indicators to measure sustainability of manufactured products and manufacturing processes. In these efforts, they find a large number of stand-alone indicator sets. This has caused complications in terms of understanding interrelated terminology and selecting specific indicators for different aspects of sustainability. This paper reviews a set of publicly available indicator sets and provides a categorization of indicators that are quantifiable and clearly related to manufacturing. The indicator categorization work is also intended to establish an integrated sustainability indicator repository as a means to providing a common access for manufacturers, as well as academicians, to learn about current indicators and measures of sustainability. This paper presents a categorization of sustainability indicators, based on mutual similarity, in five dimensions of sustainability: environmental stewardship, economic growth, social well-being, technological advancement, and performance management. Finally, the paper explains how to use this indicator set to assess a company's manufacturing operations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Joung, Che B.; Carrell, John; Sarkar, Prabir; Feng, Shaw C.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carrell, John] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Sarkar, Prabir] India Inst Technol, Ropar, India. RP Feng, SC (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw.feng@nist.gov NR 34 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 24 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.05.030 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 036VH UT WOS:000311059900017 ER PT J AU Cullinan, MA Culpepper, ML AF Cullinan, Michael A. Culpepper, Martin L. TI Effects of chirality and impurities on the performance of carbon nanotube-based piezoresistive sensors SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID TORSIONAL STRAIN; UNIAXIAL STRAIN AB This paper presents a method to fabricate high purity, single chirality carbon nanotube (CNT) based sensor systems. Ultracentrifugation is initially used to create an 85% pure (6,5) CNT sample. This 85% pure sample has a gauge factor of -22.7 +/- 0.5 which is significantly lower than the predicted gauge factor of 57 for a pure (6,5) CNT. However, this measured gauge factor closely matches the predicted gauge factor for the measured distribution of chiralities in the 85% pure sample. This indicates at a small number of impurities in the sensor can have a large effect on the strain sensitivity of the sensor. In order to increase the gauge factor of the 85% pure (6,5) CNT sample, an electrical breakdown technique is used to remove the low resistance and low gauge factor CNTs from the sensor. Using this technique it is possible to increase the gauge factor of the CNT-based piezoresistive sensor from -22.7 +/- 0.5 to 34 +/- 1. This result indicates that the majority of the impurities in the sensor can be removed during the fabrication process using the electrical breakdown technique. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cullinan, Michael A.; Culpepper, Martin L.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Cullinan, Michael A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Culpepper, ML (reprint author), MIT, Dept Mech Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM culpepper@mit.edu NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD JAN PY 2013 VL 51 BP 59 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.08.011 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 036CZ UT WOS:000311005300007 ER PT J AU Jacob, S Weeks, P Blount, B Jepson, M AF Jacob, Steve Weeks, Priscilla Blount, Ben Jepson, Michael TI Development and evaluation of social indicators of vulnerability and resiliency for fishing communities in the Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Social indicators; Ethnography; Evaluation; Vulnerability; Resilience ID SUSTAINABILITY; DISASTERS AB With the devastating impacts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, and more recently the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, disaster questions about the vulnerability and resiliency of fishing communities in the Gulf of Mexico have been on the minds of local, regional, and national governmental agencies as well as numerous researchers and non-governmental organizations. The continued natural and now technological disasters in the Gulf of Mexico have placed a great deal of strain on communities dependent upon both commercial and recreational fishing. In 2008 a two-year long study to develop social indicators of vulnerability and resiliency for fishing-reliant communities in the Gulf of Mexico was undertaken. In addition, as part of the research design the accuracy of the social indicator descriptions of these places with ethnographic studies was triangulated. Comparisons of the combined ethnographic rankings with the quantitative indicators were positive and statistically significant. The research design thus confirmed that the developed indicators were, in fact, reliable measures for the concepts under consideration. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Jacob, Steve] York Coll Penn, York, PA 17403 USA. [Weeks, Priscilla] Houston Adv Res Ctr, The Woodlands, TX 77381 USA. [Blount, Ben] SocioEcol Informat, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Jepson, Michael] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, Social Sci Branch, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Jacob, S (reprint author), York Coll Penn, 441 Country Club Rd,Life Sci Bldg,Room 323, York, PA 17403 USA. EM sjacob@ycp.edu; pweeks@harc.edu; bblount_sei@sbcglobal.net; michael.jepson@noaa.gov RI Gupta, Vishnu/B-9839-2009 NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 101 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 37 BP 86 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.04.014 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 035IO UT WOS:000310940200012 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Adamenko, T Guo, W AF Kogan, Felix Adamenko, Tatiana Guo, Wei TI Global and regional drought dynamics in the climate warming era SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article AB This article investigates whether the highest global temperature during 2001-2012 triggered some changes in drought area, frequency, intensity and duration. New satellite-based vegetation health (VH) technology and regional in situ data were used for this analysis. The VH indices were used to investigate trends in global and regional drought area for several drought intensities (starting from moderate-to-exceptional (ME)) during the warmest decade, after 2000. Two of the most recent strongest droughts, 2010 in Russia and 2011 in the USA, are also discussed. During 2001-2012, droughts of ME, severe-to-exceptional (SE) and extreme-to-exceptional (EE) severity covered 17-35%, 7-15% and 2-6% of the total area of the world, respectively. No trends in drought areas for these levels of severity were found. Regional analysis was performed on Ukraine (from both satellite and in situ data). Annual mean temperature of the entire country follows global warming tendency, although the intensity is twice stronger, 1.45 degrees C over 50-year period. The droughts of SE and EE severity during the growing season normally affect 25-60% (up to 80% of the major crop area) and 5-10% (up to 20%) of the entire country, respectively, and the later leading up to 40% of losses in Ukrainian grain production. C1 [Kogan, Felix] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Guo, Wei] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Climate Res & Applicat Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Felix.Kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2013 VL 4 IS 4 BP 364 EP 372 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2012.736033 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 037PS UT WOS:000311119600006 ER PT J AU Lian, ZH Godil, A Bustos, B Daoudi, M Hermans, J Kawamura, S Kurita, Y Lavoue, G Nguyen, HV Ohbuchi, R Ohkita, Y Ohishi, Y Porikli, F Reuter, M Sipiran, I Smeets, D Suetens, P Tabia, H Vandermeulen, D AF Lian, Zhouhui Godil, Afzal Bustos, Benjamin Daoudi, Mohamed Hermans, Jeroen Kawamura, Shun Kurita, Yukinori Lavoue, Guillaume Hien Van Nguyen Ohbuchi, Ryutarou Ohkita, Yuki Ohishi, Yuya Porikli, Fatih Reuter, Martin Sipiran, Ivan Smeets, Dirk Suetens, Paul Tabia, Hedi Vandermeulen, Dirk TI A comparison of methods for non-rigid 3D shape retrieval SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE 3D shape retrieval; Non-rigid; Benchmark ID MODEL RETRIEVAL; OBJECT RECOGNITION; ONE HEAR; SURFACES; REPRESENTATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIGNATURES; BENCHMARK; DISTANCES; DRUM AB Non-rigid 3D shape retrieval has become an active and important research topic in content-based 3D object retrieval. The aim of this paper is to measure and compare the performance of state-of-the-art methods for non-rigid 3D shape retrieval. The paper develops a new benchmark consisting of 600 non-rigid 3D watertight meshes, which are equally classified into 30 categories, to carry out experiments for 11 different algorithms, whose retrieval accuracies are evaluated using six commonly utilized measures. Models and evaluation tools of the new benchmark are publicly available on our web site [1]. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lian, Zhouhui] Peking Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Lian, Zhouhui; Godil, Afzal] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bustos, Benjamin; Sipiran, Ivan] Univ Chile, Dept Comp Sci, Santiago, Chile. [Hermans, Jeroen; Smeets, Dirk; Suetens, Paul; Vandermeulen, Dirk] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Louvain, Belgium. [Kawamura, Shun; Kurita, Yukinori; Ohbuchi, Ryutarou; Ohkita, Yuki; Ohishi, Yuya] Univ Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan. [Lavoue, Guillaume] Univ Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France. [Hien Van Nguyen] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Porikli, Fatih] Mitsubishi Elect Res Labs, Cambridge, MD USA. [Reuter, Martin] Massachusetts Gen Hosp Harvard Med MIT, Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Boston, MA USA. [Tabia, Hedi] Univ Lille 1, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Lian, ZH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM lianzhouhui@yahoo.com.cn RI Ohbuchi, Ryutarou/A-5821-2013; Bustos, Benjamin/G-1170-2010; Reuter, Martin/B-3456-2010; OI Bustos, Benjamin/0000-0002-3955-361X; Reuter, Martin/0000-0002-2665-9693; Smeets, Dirk/0000-0003-1153-094X; Ohbuchi, Ryutarou/0000-0002-7605-9135; Daoudi, Mohammed/0000-0003-4219-7860 FU China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M510274]; SIMA program; Shape Metrology IMS; Fondecyt (Chile) [1110111] FX This work has been supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2012M510274), the SIMA program, the Shape Metrology IMS, and Fondecyt (Chile) Project 1110111. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, and AIM@SHAPE, Cyberware, Kaleem Siddiqi, Philip Shilane, Michael Bronstein, Robert Sumner, and Daniela Giorgi for providing original 3D models. NR 61 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 EI 1873-5142 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 46 IS 1 BP 449 EP 461 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2012.07.014 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 020CA UT WOS:000309785000039 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Sun, DL Li, SM Yu, YY AF Zhang, Rui Sun, Donglian Li, Sanmei Yu, Yunyue TI A stepwise cloud shadow detection approach combining geometry determination and SVM classification for MODIS data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID REMOVAL; CANADA; AVHRR; LAND; MASK AB The identification of cloud shadow pixels is important for land and cloud-atmosphere remote-sensing applications. In this study, a stepwise cloud shadow detection approach for Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 1 km reflectance data, which combines a geometry-based method, a threshold-based automated training data extraction, and a support vector machine (SVM) classification-based spectral detection process, is presented. An extended potential cloud shadow mask is generated according to the satellite and solar geometry and the positions of clouds. An automated training sample data-extraction process, which is based on the reflectance characteristics of cloud shadows, is performed to acquire training samples. Accurate cloud shadow pixels are then confirmed by the SVM classification algorithm. The advantage of this approach is that only reflectance data, geolocation data, and a cloud mask are required; no further cloud or atmospheric information, such as cloud-top height, cloud type, or aerosol information are needed in the workflow. The reduced input requirements benefit rapid-response remote-sensing applications such as flood detection and monitoring. Experimental results were compared with the spectral-based cloud shadow detection scheme, which was employed in the MOD35 product. The comparisons indicate that the new approach detects cloud shadows better than the results generated by using spectral threshold tests only. C1 [Zhang, Rui; Sun, Donglian; Li, Sanmei] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM rzhang5@gmu.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NOAA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group FX This study was supported by the NOAA GOES-R Algorithm Working Group. The article contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. The authors are grateful to the anonymous referees for their helpful comments. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.712231 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 008ZC UT WOS:000308994100014 ER PT J AU Hsu, FC Elvidge, CD Matsuno, Y AF Hsu, Feng-Chi Elvidge, Christopher D. Matsuno, Yasunari TI Exploring and estimating in-use steel stocks in civil engineering and buildings from night-time lights SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC COPPER; MULTILEVEL CYCLE; POPULATION; FLOW AB Steel is the most widely used metal in the world, and numerous studies have investigated its stock and flow. Two basic methods for analysing material flow and accounting for stock are the top-down and bottom-up approaches. Their applicability, however, largely depends on data availability. To overcome this limitation, we have contemplated using satellite imagery as a proxy for missing data. In a previous study, we confirmed the correlation between night-time light radiance and civil engineering/building in-use steel stocks in Japan. In this study, the scope of the investigation was expanded to a global scale, examining correlations in different regions of the world. We found that night-time light radiance and in-use steel stocks have region-specific linear correlations, which are influenced by construction styles, which in turn depend on climate, seismic activity, cultural preferences, etc. The results were then applied to countries in the various regions whose in-use steel stocks were previously unreported. This technique produced an estimate of the global civil engineering/building in-use steel stock of around 9 x 10(9) tonnes (9 Gt), with 1.24 Gt being previously unreported. As a further step, this study shows the spatial distribution of civil engineering/building in-use steel stock in each region. C1 [Hsu, Feng-Chi; Matsuno, Yasunari] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Engn, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hsu, FC (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Mat Engn, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. EM david@mfa.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [22360384] FX This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (22360384) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2013 VL 34 IS 2 BP 490 EP 504 DI 10.1080/01431161.2012.712232 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 008ZT UT WOS:000308995800006 ER PT J AU Jeong, SJ Ho, CH Kim, BM Feng, S Medvigy, D AF Jeong, Su-Jong Ho, Chang-Hoi Kim, Baek-Min Feng, Song Medvigy, David TI Non-linear response of vegetation to coherent warming over northern high latitudes SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; AMERICA; GROWTH; TRENDS; INDEX AB This study evaluates the large-scale changes in vegetation greenness at northern high latitudes (>60 degrees N) using satellite-measured normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and station-merged temperature, precipitation and soil moisture for the period 1982-2008. During this 27-year period, although coherent warming trends were observed at most of the high latitudes, changes in the NDVI showed apparent spatial and temporal heterogeneity. In particular, changes in the hemispheric mean NDVI increased until 1997, but decreased thereafter. Maximum covariance analysis, which is a statistical method to detect large-scale covariability between two variables over time, reveals significant relationships between NDVI and soil moisture (and/or precipitation) in the regions of negative NDVI trends. These results further suggest that local moisture availability also plays a considerable role in the large-scale changes in vegetation as well as coherent warming over the northern high latitudes. C1 [Jeong, Su-Jong; Medvigy, David] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ho, Chang-Hoi] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. Korea Polar Res Inst, Inchon, South Korea. [Feng, Song] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Jeong, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sjeong@princeton.edu RI Jeong, Su-Jong/J-4110-2014; Kim, Baek-Min/A-4634-2015; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015 FU National Research Foundation of Korea; Korean Government (MEST) [NRF-C1ABA001-2011-0021063, PN11063, NRF-2012-0000850] FX This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-C1ABA001-2011-0021063, PN11063 and NRF-2012-0000850). NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2012.703790 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 996RJ UT WOS:000308111000003 ER PT J AU Wang, PH Ferdous, F Miao, HX Wang, J Leaird, DE Srinivasan, K Chen, L Aksyuk, V Weiner, AM AF Wang, Pei-Hsun Ferdous, Fahmida Miao, Houxun Wang, Jian Leaird, Daniel E. Srinivasan, Kartik Chen, Lei Aksyuk, Vladimir Weiner, Andrew M. TI Observation of correlation between route to formation, coherence, noise, and communication performance of Kerr combs SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMBS; GENERATION; MICRORESONATOR; RESONATOR; MICROCAVITY; MODE; CHIP AB Microresonator optical frequency combs based on cascaded four-wave mixing are potentially attractive as a multi-wavelength source for on-chip optical communications. In this paper we compare time domain coherence, radio-frequency (RF) intensity noise, and individual line optical communications performance for combs generated from two different silicon nitride microresonators. The comb generated by one microresonator forms directly with lines spaced by a single free spectral range (FSR) and exhibits high coherence, low noise, and excellent 10 Gbit/s optical communications results. The comb generated by the second microresonator forms initially with multiple FSR line spacing, with additional lines later filling to reach single FSR spacing. This comb exhibits degraded coherence, increased intensity noise, and severely degraded communications performance. This study is to our knowledge the first to simultaneously investigate and observe a correlation between the route to comb formation, the coherence, noise, and optical communications performance of a Kerr comb. (C) 2012 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Pei-Hsun; Ferdous, Fahmida; Wang, Jian; Leaird, Daniel E.; Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miao, Houxun; Srinivasan, Kartik; Chen, Lei; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, Houxun] Univ Maryland, Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Jian] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Wang, PH (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wang1173@purdue.edu; amw@purdue.edu RI Miao, Houxun/N-8233-2013; Wang, Jian/F-3685-2012; Wang, Jian/A-7781-2016; OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-1102110]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0236]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant ECCS-1102110 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under grant FA9550-12-1-0236. Dr. Houxun Miao acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. We gratefully acknowledge Prof. Peter Bermel for a careful reading of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 37 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD DEC 31 PY 2012 VL 20 IS 28 BP 29284 EP 29295 DI 10.1364/OE.20.029284 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 089MK UT WOS:000314914500017 PM 23388754 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M AF Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Oxidatively induced DNA damage: Mechanisms, repair and disease SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Review DE Cancer; DNA damage and repair; DNA repair defects; Cancer biomarkers ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; CROSS-LINK LESION; MULTIPLE COLORECTAL ADENOMA; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THYMINE GLYCOL LESIONS; MUTY HOMOLOG HMYH; CELL LUNG-CANCER; UNIMOLECULAR TRANSFORMATION REACTIONS; PARRINELLO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; OGG1 SER326CYS POLYMORPHISMS AB Endogenous and exogenous sources cause oxidatively induced DNA damage in living organisms by a variety of mechanisms. The resulting DNA lesions are mutagenic and, unless repaired, lead to a variety of mutations and consequently to genetic instability, which is a hallmark of cancer. Oxidatively induced DNA damage is repaired in living cells by different pathways that involve a large number of proteins. Unrepaired and accumulated DNA lesions may lead to disease processes including carcinogenesis. Mutations also occur in DNA repair genes, destabilizing the DNA repair system. A majority of cancer cell lines have somatic mutations in their DNA repair genes. In addition, polymorphisms in these genes constitute a risk factor for cancer. In general, defects in DNA repair are associated with cancer. Numerous DNA repair enzymes exist that possess different, but sometimes overlapping substrate specificities for removal of oxidatively induced DNA lesions. In addition to the role of DNA repair in carcinogenesis, recent evidence suggests that some types of tumors possess increased DNA repair capacity that may lead to therapy resistance. DNA repair pathways are drug targets to develop DNA repair inhibitors to increase the efficacy of cancer therapy. Oxidatively induced DNA lesions and DNA repair proteins may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection, cancer risk assessment, prognosis and for monitoring therapy. Taken together, a large body of accumulated evidence suggests that oxidatively induced DNA damage and its repair are important factors in the development of human cancers. Thus this field deserves more research to contribute to the development of cancer biomarkers, DNA repair inhibitors and treatment approaches to better understand and fight cancer. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov NR 361 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 9 U2 120 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD DEC 31 PY 2012 VL 327 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 26 EP 47 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.016 PG 22 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 033SM UT WOS:000310821400005 PM 22293091 ER PT J AU Pajerowski, DM Zakrzewski, BM Ravel, B AF Pajerowski, Daniel M. Zakrzewski, Brian M. Ravel, Bruce TI X-ray structural studies of Prussian blue analog heterostructures on poly(ethylene terephthalate) supports SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Photoinduced magnetism; Prussian blue analog; Heterostructured film ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; PHOTOINDUCED MAGNETISM; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; COORDINATION POLYMERS; IRON CYANIDE AB We have used X-rays to study the structure of photomagnetic, heterostructured films of nickel hexacyanochromate and cobalt hexacyanoferrate Prussian blue analogs on poly(ethylene terephthalate) solid supports. The nature of the interface between supporting polymer and Prussian blue analog is investigated and either positive or negative ions will bind to the surface depending upon pre-treatment. For heterostructured films fabricated using layers of a few hundred nanometers, each layer retains a crystal structure similar to that in the homogeneous phase, while heterostructured films that layer nanometer scale layers result in a solid solution of the two compounds that may have bond deformation. Regardless of layering thickness, these sequential adsorption films are polycrystalline. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Zakrzewski, Brian M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pajerowski, DM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel@pajerowski.com OI Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research; NIST; Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Research Council NIST post-doctoral associateship program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research, the financial support provided by NIST and the Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering, and the usage of facilities supported, in part, by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. In addition, DMP acknowledges support from the National Research Council NIST post-doctoral associateship program, and useful discussions with Christopher M. Stafford and Michael D. Dimitriou regarding XPS and Justin E. Gardner regarding surface chemistry. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD DEC 30 PY 2012 VL 526 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2012.10.046 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 072WD UT WOS:000313703200005 ER PT J AU Yuan, B Shao, M de Gouw, J Parrish, DD Lu, SH Wang, M Zeng, LM Zhang, Q Song, Y Zhang, JB Hu, M AF Yuan, Bin Shao, Min de Gouw, Joost Parrish, David D. Lu, Sihua Wang, Ming Zeng, Limin Zhang, Qian Song, Yu Zhang, Jianbo Hu, Min TI Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in urban air: How chemistry affects the interpretation of positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER REACTION; CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE; PTR-MS MEASUREMENTS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; HYDROCARBON RATIOS; SITE; CHINA; EMISSIONS AB Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured online at an urban site in Beijing in August-September 2010. Diurnal variations of various VOC species indicate that VOCs concentrations were influenced by photochemical removal with OH radicals for reactive species and secondary formation for oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs). A photochemical age-based parameterization method was applied to characterize VOCs chemistry. A large part of the variability in concentrations of both hydrocarbons and OVOCs was explained by this method. The determined emission ratios of hydrocarbons to acetylene agreed within a factor of two between 2005 and 2010 measurements. However, large differences were found for emission ratios of some alkanes and C8 aromatics between Beijing and northeastern United States secondary formation from anthropogenic VOCs generally contributed higher percentages to concentrations of reactive aldehydes than those of inert ketones and alcohols. Anthropogenic primary emissions accounted for the majority of ketones and alcohols concentrations. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was also used to identify emission sources from this VOCs data set. The four resolved factors were three anthropogenic factors and a biogenic factor. However, the anthropogenic factors are attributed here to a common source at different stages of photochemical processing rather than three independent sources. Anthropogenic and biogenic sources of VOCs concentrations were not separated completely in PMF. This study indicates that photochemistry of VOCs in the atmosphere complicates the information about separated sources that can be extracted from PMF and the influence of photochemical processing must be carefully considered in the interpretation of source apportionment studies based upon PMF. C1 [Yuan, Bin; Shao, Min; Lu, Sihua; Wang, Ming; Zeng, Limin; Zhang, Qian; Song, Yu; Zhang, Jianbo; Hu, Min] Peking Univ, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [de Gouw, Joost; Parrish, David D.] NOAA ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Shao, M (reprint author), Peking Univ, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM mshao@pku.edu.cn RI SHAO, Min/C-7351-2014; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Zeng, Limin/D-3948-2013; SONG, Yu/C-2287-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; SONG, Yu/0000-0002-2455-2999; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; FU China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists from NSFC [41125018] FX This work is supported by China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists from NSFC (41125018). The authors would like to thank the valuable comments from the three anonymous reviewers. NR 61 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 111 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 28 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D24302 DI 10.1029/2012JD018236 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 169GQ UT WOS:000320768300001 ER PT J AU Hanakata, PZ Douglas, JF Starr, FW AF Hanakata, Paul Z. Douglas, Jack F. Starr, Francis W. TI Local variation of fragility and glass transition temperature of ultra-thin supported polymer films SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; POLYSTYRENE FILMS; FORMING LIQUIDS; CONFINEMENT; BEHAVIOR; SURFACE; THICKNESS; INTERFACE; BULK AB Despite extensive efforts, a definitive picture of the glass transition of ultra-thin polymer films has yet to emerge. The effect of film thickness h on the glass transition temperature T-g has been widely examined, but this characterization does not account for the fragility of glass-formation, which quantifies how rapidly relaxation times vary with temperature T. Accordingly, we simulate supported polymer films of a bead-spring model and determine both T-g and fragility, both as a function of h and film depth. We contrast changes in the relaxation dynamics with density rho and demonstrate the limitations of the commonly invoked free-volume layer model. As opposed to bulk polymer materials, we find that the fragility and T-g do not generally vary proportionately. Consequently, the determination of the fragility profile-both locally and for the film as a whole-is essential for the characterization of changes in film dynamics with confinement. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772402] C1 [Hanakata, Paul Z.; Starr, Francis W.] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanakata, PZ (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 FU National of Institutes of Health (NIH) [1 R01 EB006398-01A1]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CNS-0959856]; ACS-PRF [51983-ND7] FX J.F.D. acknowledges support from National of Institutes of Health (NIH) (Grant No. 1 R01 EB006398-01A1). P.Z.H. and F.W.S. acknowledge support from National Science Foundation (NSF) (Grant No. CNS-0959856) and ACS-PRF (Grant No. 51983-ND7). NR 39 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 24 AR 244901 DI 10.1063/1.4772402 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 061EY UT WOS:000312832100030 PM 23277950 ER PT J AU Osin, D Reader, J Gillaspy, JD Ralchenko, Y AF Osin, D. Reader, J. Gillaspy, J. D. Ralchenko, Yu TI Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly charged xenon observed with an electron beam ion trap SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LEVELS; GROUND-STATE; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; EUV SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZED ATOMS; XE-XXVI; NA-LIKE; LINES; WAVELENGTHS; TRANSITION AB Extreme ultraviolet spectra of highly charged xenon atoms were produced with an electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and recorded with a flat-field grazing-incidence spectrometer. The spectra were measured in the wavelength range 4.5-19.5 nm as the beam energy was varied between 1.5 and 5.9 keV. Different ionization stages were enhanced at the various beam energies. Wavelength calibration was provided by spectra of highly charged neon, argon and iron, as well as previously measured lines of highly charged xenon. Identifications of strong n = 3-n = 3 transitions from Ni-like xenon (26+) to Na-like xenon (43+) were determined with the aid of collisional-radiative modelling of the EBIT plasma, which provided good quantitative agreement between simulated and measured spectra. About 50 lines were identified, 30 of which are new. Seven of these lines represent magnetic-dipole transitions within the 3s(2)3p(n) ground configurations, and one is an electric-quadrupole transition within the 3s(2)3p(2) ground configuration of the Si-like ion. A list of adopted wavelengths used as calibration standards is given in the appendix. C1 [Osin, D.; Reader, J.; Gillaspy, J. D.; Ralchenko, Yu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Osin, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy FX This research was supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. We thank Sarthak Sahu for assistance with checking our final wavelength values during his participation in the NIST Summer High School Intern Program (SHIP) in 2012. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD DEC 28 PY 2012 VL 45 IS 24 AR 245001 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/45/24/245001 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 051CH UT WOS:000312101500001 ER PT J AU Blackburn, JL Engtrakul, C Bult, JB Hurst, K Zhao, YF Xu, Q Parilla, PA Simpson, LJ Rocha, JDR Hudson, MR Brown, CM Gennett, T AF Blackburn, Jeffrey L. Engtrakul, Chaiwat Bult, Justin B. Hurst, Katherine Zhao, Yufeng Xu, Qiang Parilla, Philip A. Simpson, Lin J. Rocha, John-David R. Hudson, Matthew R. Brown, Craig M. Gennett, Thomas TI Spectroscopic Identification of Hydrogen Spillover Species in Ruthenium-Modified High Surface Area Carbons by Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ORIENTED PYROLYTIC-GRAPHITE; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ACTIVATED CARBONS; STORAGE; NANOPARTICLES; THERMODYNAMICS; DURABILITY; PARTICLES; SUPPORTS AB In recent years, carbon-based sorbents have been recognized for their potential application within vehicular hydrogen storage applications. One method by which sorbents have been reported to store appreciable hydrogen at room temperature is via a spillover process: where molecular hydrogen is first dissociated by metal nanoparticle catalysts and atomic hydrogen subsequently migrates onto the carbon substrate. Many reports have invoked the spillover mechanism to explain enhancements in reversible room temperature hydrogen uptake for metal-decorated sorbents. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence for the proposed chemical species formed as well as several differing theoretical explanations describing the process. In this report, we utilize diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to identify the various chemical species formed upon room temperature H-2 charging of ruthenium-decorated high surface area carbons. Room temperature H-2 loading of a control sample with no ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) leads to broad reversible peaks in the DRIFTS spectrum that correspond to the vibration-rotation transitions of weakly bound physisorbed hydrogen molecules. In contrast, the sample modified with Ru NPs shows a variety of reversible and irreversible peaks in addition to the physisorbed H-2 peaks. Rigorous experimental and theoretical analysis enables the assignment of the peaks to ruthenium-mediated formation of water, surface hydroxyl groups (R-OH, where R = carbon or ruthenium), and C-H bonds. The low-energy DRIFTS peaks assigned to spillover C-H bonds were additionally confirmed using inelastic neutron spectroscopy. Reversible vibrational peaks consistent with ruthenium-mediated formation of C-H bonds provide much-needed spectroscopic evidence for the spillover process. The results demonstrated here should facilitate future mechanistic investigations of hydrogen sorption on transition metal nanoparticles and high surface area activated carbons. C1 [Blackburn, Jeffrey L.; Engtrakul, Chaiwat; Bult, Justin B.; Hurst, Katherine; Zhao, Yufeng; Xu, Qiang; Parilla, Philip A.; Simpson, Lin J.; Gennett, Thomas] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rocha, John-David R.] Rochester Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Mat Sci, Coll Sci, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RP Blackburn, JL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jeffrey.blackburn@nrel.gov RI Engtrakul, Chaiwat/H-5634-2011; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program [DE-AC36-08-GO28308]; National Renewable Energy Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy through the EERE Fuel Cell Technology Program [DE-EE0002978, DE-AI-01-05EE11104]; U.S. Department of Defense, HQ Defense Logistics Agency [SP10010800307] FX NREL authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Program, under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308 with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. C.M. Brown and M. Hudson acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Department of Energy under Grant nos. DE-EE0002978 and DE-AI-01-05EE11104 through the EERE Fuel Cell Technology Program. J-D R. Rocha and J.L. Blackburn also thank the U.S. Department of Defense, HQ Defense Logistics Agency, for funding the initial setup of the DRIFTs instrument, under Agreement no. SP10010800307. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 63 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 27 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 51 BP 26744 EP 26755 DI 10.1021/jp305235p PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 059CH UT WOS:000312681500008 ER PT J AU Subasi, Y Fleming, CH Taylor, JM Hu, BL AF Subasi, Y. Fleming, C. H. Taylor, J. M. Hu, B. L. TI Equilibrium states of open quantum systems in the strong coupling regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID MARKOVIAN MASTER-EQUATIONS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; DISSIPATION; MATRIX AB In this work we investigate the late-time steady states of open quantum systems coupled to a thermal reservoir in the strong coupling regime. In general such systems do not necessarily relax to a Boltzmann distribution if the coupling to the thermal reservoir is nonvanishing or equivalently if the relaxation time scales are finite. Using a variety of nonequilibrium formalisms valid for non-Markovian processes, we show that starting from a product state of the closed system = system + environment, with the environment in its thermal state, the open system which results from coarse graining the environment will evolve towards an equilibrium state at late times. This state can be expressed as the reduced state of the closed system thermal state at the temperature of the environment. For a linear (harmonic) system and environment, which is exactly solvable, we are able to show in a rigorous way that all multitime correlations of the open system evolve towards those of the closed system thermal state. Multitime correlations are especially relevant in the non-Markovian regime, since they cannot be generated by the dynamics of the single-time correlations. For more general systems, which cannot be exactly solved, we are able to provide a general proof that all single-time correlations of the open system evolve to those of the closed system thermal state, to first order in the relaxation rates. For the special case of a zero-temperature reservoir, we are able to explicitly construct the reduced closed system thermal state in terms of the environmental correlations. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevE.86.061132 C1 [Subasi, Y.; Fleming, C. H.; Hu, B. L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Subasi, Y.; Fleming, C. H.; Hu, B. L.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Ctr Fundamental Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Taylor, J. M.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Subasi, Y (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ysubasi@umd.edu; hfleming@physics.umd.edu; jacob.taylor@nist.gov; blhu@physics.umd.edu RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Subasi, Yigit/D-5727-2016 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Subasi, Yigit/0000-0003-1167-6527 FU NSF [PHY-0801368]; NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI FX Y.S. would like to thank M. E. Fisher and C. Jarzynski for useful discussions. Y.S., C.H.F., and B.L.H. were supported in part by NSF grants PHY-0801368 to the University of Maryland. J.M.T. and C.H.F. were supported in part by the NSF Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. This work was finished while B.L.H. was visiting the Institute for Advanced Study of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 6 AR 061132 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.061132 PN 1 PG 18 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 061GX UT WOS:000312837600004 PM 23367918 ER PT J AU Del'Haye, P Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Del'Haye, Pascal Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. TI Hybrid Electro-Optically Modulated Microcombs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY COMB GENERATION; LASER; MICRORESONATOR; CHIP; ION AB Optical frequency combs based on mode-locked lasers have proven to be invaluable tools for a wide range of applications in precision spectroscopy and metrology. A novel principle of optical frequency comb generation in whispering-gallery mode microresonators ("microcombs") has been developed recently, which represents a promising route towards chip-level integration and out-of-the-lab use of these devices. Presently, two families of microcombs have been demonstrated: Combs with electronically detectable mode spacing that can be directly stabilized, and broadband combs with up to octave-spanning spectra but mode spacings beyond electronic detection limits. However, it has not yet been possible to achieve these two key requirements simultaneously, as will be critical for most microcomb applications. Here we present a route to overcome this problem by interleaving an electro-optic comb with the spectrum from a parametric microcomb. This allows, for the first time, direct control and stabilization of a microcomb spectrum with large mode spacing (>140 GHz) with no need for an additional mode-locked laser frequency comb. The attained residual 1-sec instability of the microcomb comb spacing is 10(-15), with a microwave reference limited absolute instability of 10(-12) at a 140 GHz mode spacing. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.263901 C1 [Del'Haye, Pascal; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Del'Haye, P (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM pascal.delhaye@gmx.de; scott.diddams@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR program; Humboldt Foundation FX The authors thank Gabe Ycas for providing the fiber laser reference comb. This work is supported by NIST and the DARPA QuASAR program. P.D. thanks the Humboldt Foundation for support. This paper is a contribution of NIST and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 59 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 26 AR 263901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.263901 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061KL UT WOS:000312846800011 PM 23368562 ER PT J AU Gin, P Jiang, NS Liang, C Taniguchi, T Akgun, B Satija, SK Endoh, MK Koga, T AF Gin, Peter Jiang, Naisheng Liang, Chen Taniguchi, Takashi Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushil K. Endoh, Maya K. Koga, Tadanori TI Revealed Architectures of Adsorbed Polymer Chains at Solid-Polymer Melt Interfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BULK BEHAVIOR; IRREVERSIBLE ADSORPTION; THIN-FILMS; TEMPERATURE; DEVIATIONS; LAYERS; NANOPARTICLES; DESORPTION; DYNAMICS; SILICON AB We report the chain conformations of polymer molecules accommodated at the solid-polymer melt interfaces in equilibrium. Polystyrene "Guiselin" brushes (adsorbed layers) with different molecular weights were prepared on Si substrates and characterized by using x-ray and neutron reflectivity. The results are intriguing to show that the adsorbed layers are composed of the two different nanoarchitectures: flattened chains that constitute the inner higher density region of the adsorbed layers and loosely adsorbed polymer chains that form the outer bulklike density region. In addition, we found that the lone flattened chains, which are uncovered by the additional prolonged solvent leaching (similar to 120 days), are reversibly densified with increasing temperature up to 150 degrees C. By generalizing the chain conformations of bulks, we postulate that the change in probabilities of the local chain conformations (i.e., trans and gauche states) of polymer molecules is the origin of this densification process. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.265501 C1 [Gin, Peter; Jiang, Naisheng; Liang, Chen; Endoh, Maya K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Taniguchi, Takashi] Kyoto Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Grad Sch Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM maya.koga@stonybrook.edu; tadanori.koga@stonybrook.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Taniguchi, Takashi/C-3137-2009; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU NSF [CMMI-084626]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX T. K. acknowledges the financial support from NSF Grant No. CMMI-084626. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 35 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 5 U2 81 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 26 AR 265501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.265501 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061KL UT WOS:000312846800014 PM 23368578 ER PT J AU Zhou, HD Xu, CK Hallas, AM Silverstein, HJ Wiebe, CR Umegaki, I Yan, JQ Murphy, TP Park, JH Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Gardner, JS Takano, Y AF Zhou, H. D. Xu, Cenke Hallas, A. M. Silverstein, H. J. Wiebe, C. R. Umegaki, I. Yan, J. Q. Murphy, T. P. Park, J. -H. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Gardner, J. S. Takano, Y. TI Successive Phase Transitions and Extended Spin-Excitation Continuum in the S=1/2 Triangular-Lattice Antiferromagnet Ba3CoSb2O9 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; LIQUID STATE; FIELD AB Using magnetic, thermal, and neutron measurements on single-crystal samples, we show that Ba3CoSb2O9 is a spin-1/2 triangular-lattice antiferromagnet with the c axis as the magnetic easy axis and two magnetic phase transitions bracketing an intermediate up-up-down phase in magnetic field applied along the c axis. A pronounced extensive neutron-scattering continuum above spin-wave excitations, observed below T-N, implies that the system is in close proximity to one of two spin-liquid states that have been predicted for a 2D triangular lattice. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.267206 C1 [Zhou, H. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.; Murphy, T. P.; Park, J. -H.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Xu, Cenke] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Hallas, A. M.; Silverstein, H. J.; Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Umegaki, I.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Yan, J. Q.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yan, J. Q.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Mat & Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Takano, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM hzhou10@utk.edu RI Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016; OI Silverstein, Harlyn/0000-0002-7743-9842 FU Sloan Foundation; NSERC; CFI; ACS; Tokyo Tech; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division FX We thank H. Tanaka for communicating part of the results of Ref. [14] prior to publication. C. X. is supported by the Sloan Foundation. A. M. H. acknowledges the support of NSERC. H. J. S. acknowledges the Vanier Program and UMGF. C. R. W. acknowledges support through NSERC, CFI, and the ACS Petroleum Fund. I. U. was supported by the Global CEO Program "Nanoscience and Quantum Physics'' at Tokyo Tech, funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The magnetic and calorimetric measurements were performed at the National High Field Magnet Laboratory, which is supported by NSF-DMR-0654118 and the State of Florida. The work at ORNL was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. NR 30 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 8 U2 76 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 26 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 26 AR 267206 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.267206 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 061KL UT WOS:000312846800035 PM 23368612 ER PT J AU Ladner, JE Atanasova, V Dolezelova, Z Parsons, JF AF Ladner, Jane E. Atanasova, Vesna Dolezelova, Zuzana Parsons, James F. TI Structure and Activity of PA5508, a Hexameric Glutamine Synthetase Homologue SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MECHANISM; INSIGHTS AB The structure of PA5508 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a glutamine synthetase (GS) homologue, has been determined at 2.5 angstrom. Surprisingly, PA5508 forms single hexameric rings rather than the stacked double rings that are characteristic of GS. The C-terminal helical thong motif that links GS rings is present in PA5508; however, it is folded back toward the core of its own polypeptide, preventing it from interacting with a second ring. Interestingly, PA5508 displays a clear preference for aromatic amine substrates. Unique aspects of the structure illustrate how the enzyme is able to catalyze reactions involving bulky amines rather than ammonia. C1 [Ladner, Jane E.; Atanasova, Vesna; Dolezelova, Zuzana; Parsons, James F.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ladner, Jane E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Parsons, JF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM parsonsj@umd.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 25 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 51 BP 10121 EP 10123 DI 10.1021/bi3014856 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 057LM UT WOS:000312565000001 PM 23234431 ER PT J AU Bera, AK Atanasova, V Dhanda, A Ladner, JE Parsons, JF AF Bera, Asim K. Atanasova, Vesna Dhanda, Anjali Ladner, Jane E. Parsons, James F. TI Structure of Aminodeoxychorismate Synthase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHORISMATE-UTILIZING ENZYMES; ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE; ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; AMINOBENZOIC ACID; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; MECHANISM AB PabB, aminodeoxychorismate synthase, is the chorismic acid binding component of the heterodimeric PabA PabB complex that converts chorismic acid to 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate, a precursor of p-aminobenzoate and folic acid in microorganisms. The second component, a glutamine amidotransferase subunit, PabA, generates ammonia that is channeled to the PabB active site where it attacks C4 of a chorismate-derived intermediate that is covalently bound, through C2, to an active site lysine residue. The presence of a PIKGT motif was, until recently, believed to allow discrimination of PabB enzymes from the closely related enzyme anthranilate synthase, which typically contains a PIAGT active site motif and does not form a covalent enzyme substrate intermediate with chorismate. A subclass of PabB enzymes that employ an alternative mechanism requiring 2 equiv of ammonia from glutamine and that feature a noncovalently bound 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate intermediate was recently identified. Here we report the 2.25 A crystal structure of PabB from the emerging pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. It is the first reported structure of a PabB that features the PIAGT motif. Surprisingly, no dedicated pabA is evident in the genome of S. maltophilia, suggesting that another cellular amidotransferase is able to fulfill the role of PabA in this organism. Evaluation of the ammonia-dependent aminodeoxychorismate synthase activity of S. maltophilia PabB alone revealed that it is virtually inactive. However, in the presence of a heterologous PabA surrogate, typical levels of activity were observed using either glutamine or ammonia as the nitrogen source. Additionally, the structure suggests that a key segment of the polypeptide can remodel itself to interact with a nonspecialized or shared amidotransferase partner in vivo. The structure and mass spectral analysis further suggest that S. maltophilia PabB, like Escherichia coli PabB, binds tryptophan in a vestigial regulatory site. The observation that the binding site is unoccupied in the crystal structure, however, suggests the affinity may be low relative to that of E. coli PabB. C1 [Bera, Asim K.; Atanasova, Vesna; Dhanda, Anjali; Ladner, Jane E.; Parsons, James F.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Ladner, Jane E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Parsons, JF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM parsonsj@umd.edu FU National Institutes of Health [AI067530] FX This work was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grant AI067530 (J.F.P.). NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD DEC 25 PY 2012 VL 51 IS 51 BP 10208 EP 10217 DI 10.1021/bi301243v PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 057LM UT WOS:000312565000011 PM 23230967 ER PT J AU Weiner, JM Cox, KC Bohnet, JG Chen, ZL Thompson, JK AF Weiner, Joshua M. Cox, Kevin C. Bohnet, Justin G. Chen, Zilong Thompson, James K. TI Superradiant Raman laser magnetometer SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; DIAMOND AB We demonstrate a proof-of-principle magnetometer that relies on the active oscillation of a cold atom Raman laser to continuously map a field-sensitive atomic phase onto the phase of the radiated light. We demonstrate wideband sensitivity during continuous active oscillation, as well as narrowband sensitivity in passive Ramsey-like mode with translation of the narrowband detection in frequency using spin-echo techniques. The sensor operates with a sensitivity of 190 pT=root Hz p at 1 kHz and effective sensing volume of 2 x 10(-3) mm(3). Fundamental quantum limits on the magnetic field sensitivity of an ideal detector are also considered. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4773241] C1 [Weiner, Joshua M.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weiner, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU NDSEG; NSF GRF; A*STAR Singapore; NSF PFC; ARO; DARPA QuASAR; NIST FX K.C.C. acknowledges support from NDSEG, J.G.B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF, and Z.C. acknowledges support from A*STAR Singapore. This work was supported by the NSF PFC, ARO, DARPA QuASAR, and NIST. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 24 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 26 AR 261107 DI 10.1063/1.4773241 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 061EN UT WOS:000312830700007 ER PT J AU Richardson, AJ Brown, CJ Brander, K Bruno, JF Buckley, L Burrows, MT Duarte, CM Halpern, BS Hoegh-Guldberg, O Holding, J Kappel, CV Kiessling, W Moore, PJ O'Connor, MI Pandolfi, JM Parmesan, C Schoeman, DS Schwing, F Sydeman, WJ Poloczanska, ES AF Richardson, Anthony J. Brown, Christopher J. Brander, Keith Bruno, John F. Buckley, Lauren Burrows, Michael T. Duarte, Carlos M. Halpern, Benjamin S. Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove Holding, Johnna Kappel, Carrie V. Kiessling, Wolfgang Moore, Pippa J. O'Connor, Mary I. Pandolfi, John M. Parmesan, Camille Schoeman, David S. Schwing, Frank Sydeman, William J. Poloczanska, Elvira S. TI Climate change and marine life SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE climate change; marine science; detection and attribution ID IMPACTS AB A Marine Climate Impacts Workshop was held from 29 April to 3 May 2012 at the US National Center of Ecological Analysis and Synthesis in Santa Barbara. This workshop was the culmination of a series of six meetings over the past three years, which had brought together 25 experts in climate change ecology, analysis of large datasets, palaeontology, marine ecology and physical oceanography. Aims of these workshops were to produce a global synthesis of climate impacts on marine biota, to identify sensitive habitats and taxa, to inform the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) process, and to strengthen research into ecological impacts of climate change. C1 [Richardson, Anthony J.; Poloczanska, Elvira S.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Climate Adaptat Flagship, Ecosci Precinct, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia. [Richardson, Anthony J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Applicat Nat Resource Math CARM, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Brown, Christopher J.; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove] Univ Queensland, Global Change Inst, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Pandolfi, John M.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Brander, Keith] Tech Univ Denmark, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Bruno, John F.; Buckley, Lauren] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Burrows, Michael T.] Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Scottish Marine Inst, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Duarte, Carlos M.; Holding, Johnna] Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA UIB CSIC, Dept Global Change Res, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain. [Duarte, Carlos M.] Univ Western Australia, UWA Oceans Inst, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Halpern, Benjamin S.; Kappel, Carrie V.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Kiessling, Wolfgang] Leibniz Inst Res Evolut & Biodivers, Museum Nat Kunde, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. [Moore, Pippa J.] Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Biol Environm & Rural Sci, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, Dyfed, Wales. [O'Connor, Mary I.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Parmesan, Camille] Univ Texas Austin, Patterson Labs, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Parmesan, Camille] Univ Plymouth, Fac Sci & Technol, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Schoeman, David S.] Univ Sunshine Coast, Fac Sci Hlth Educ & Engn, Maroochydore, Qld 4558, Australia. [Schoeman, David S.] Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Univ, Dept Zool, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. [Schwing, Frank] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Div Environm Res, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. RP Richardson, AJ (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Climate Adaptat Flagship, Ecosci Precinct, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia. EM anthony.richardson@csiro.au RI Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013; Pandolfi, John/A-3121-2009; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; Moore, Pippa/H-8079-2013; Richardson, Anthony/B-3649-2010; Burrows, Michael/D-9844-2013; Brown, Christopher/G-4287-2011; O'Connor, Mary/F-2275-2010; Poloczanska, Elvira/F-4366-2014; poloczanska, elvira/P-5356-2014; Kiessling, Wolfgang/E-2259-2015 OI Schoeman, David/0000-0003-1258-0885; Moore, Pippa/0000-0002-9889-2216; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361; Pandolfi, John/0000-0003-3047-6694; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; Burrows, Michael/0000-0003-4620-5899; Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-7271-4091; NR 6 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 6 U2 160 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD DEC 23 PY 2012 VL 8 IS 6 BP 907 EP 909 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0530 PG 3 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 036KP UT WOS:000311025100004 PM 22791706 ER PT J AU Zhang, MH Bretherton, CS Blossey, PN Bony, S Brient, F Golaz, JC AF Zhang, Minghua Bretherton, Christopher S. Blossey, Peter N. Bony, Sandrine Brient, Florent Golaz, Jean-Christophe TI The CGILS experimental design to investigate low cloud feedbacks in general circulation models by using single-column and large-eddy simulation models SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; DYNAMICAL CORES; SENSITIVITY; PERFORMANCE; MECHANISMS; PROPOSAL AB A surrogate climate change is designed to investigate low cloud feedbacks in the northeastern Pacific by using Single Column Models (SCMs), Cloud Resolving Models (CRMs), and Large Eddy Simulation models (LES), as part of the CGILS study (CFMIP-GASS Intercomparison of LES and SCM models). The constructed large-scale forcing fields, including subsidence and advective tendencies, and their perturbations in the warmer climate are shown to compare well with conditions in General Circulation Models (GCMs), but they are free from the impact of any GCM parameterizations. The forcing fields in the control climate are also shown to resemble the mean conditions in the ECMWF-Interim Reanalysis. Applications of the forcing fields in SCMs are presented. It is shown that the idealized design can offer considerable insight into the mechanisms of cloud feedbacks in the models. Caveats and advantages of the design are also discussed. Citation: Zhang, M., C. S. Bretherton, P. N. Blossey, S. Bony, F. Brient, and J.-C. Golaz (2012), The CGILS experimental design to investigate low cloud feedbacks in general circulation models by using single-column and large-eddy simulation models, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 4, M12001, doi:10.1029/2012MS000182. C1 [Zhang, Minghua] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bretherton, Christopher S.; Blossey, Peter N.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bony, Sandrine; Brient, Florent] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Meteorol Dynam, Paris, France. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zhang, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM minghua.zhang@stonybrook.edu RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Bony, Sandrine/0000-0002-4791-4438 FU Biological and Environmental Research Division in the Office of Sciences of the US Department of Energy (DOE) through its FASTER project; NASA Modeling and Analysis Program (MAP); NSF Center for Multiscale Modeling and Prediction; FP7-ENV-1 European Project EUCLIPSE [244067] FX Zhang's CGILS research is supported by the Biological and Environmental Research Division in the Office of Sciences of the US Department of Energy (DOE) through its FASTER project, and by the NASA Modeling and Analysis Program (MAP). Bretherton and Blossey acknowledge support from the NSF Center for Multiscale Modeling and Prediction. Bony and Brient acknowledge support from the FP7-ENV-2009-1 European Project EUCLIPSE (244067). NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD DEC 22 PY 2012 VL 4 AR M12001 DI 10.1029/2012MS000182 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 061AN UT WOS:000312819600001 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W AF Wong-Ng, W. TI Evaluation of the Current Status of the Combinatorial Approach for the Study of Phase Diagrams SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE combinatorial approach; diffusion couple/diffusion multiple techniques; evaluation; phase diagrams; thin film phase diagram techniques ID DIFFUSION-MULTIPLE APPROACH; COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; TI-RICH ALLOYS; MATERIALS SCIENCE; COUPLE TECHNIQUE; NB; SYSTEM; EQUILIBRIA; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH AB This paper provides an evaluation of the effectiveness of using the high throughput combinatorial approach for preparing phase diagrams of thin film and bulk materials. Our evaluation is based primarily on examples of combinatorial phase diagrams that have been reported in the literature as well as based on our own laboratory experiments. Various factors that affect the construction of these phase diagrams are examined. Instrumentation and analytical approaches needed to improve data acquisition and data analysis are summarized. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 32 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 304 EP 327 DI 10.6028/jres.117.018 PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 075HA UT WOS:000313874200001 PM 26900530 ER PT J AU Vayshenker, I Kim, SK Hong, K Lee, DH Livigni, DJ Li, X Lehman, JH AF Vayshenker, I. Kim, S. K. Hong, K. Lee, D. -H. Livigni, D. J. Li, X. Lehman, J. H. TI Optical-Fiber Power Meter Comparison between NIST and KRISS SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE international comparison; optical fiber; optical power ID PTB AB We describe the results of a comparison of reference standards between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-USA) and Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS-R.O.Korea) for optical fiber-based power measurements at wavelengths of 1302 nm and 1546 nm. We compare the laboratories' reference standards by means of a temperature-controlled optical trap detector. Measurement results showed the largest difference of less than 2.5 parts in 10(3), which is within the combined standard (k=1) uncertainty for the two laboratories' reference standards. C1 [Vayshenker, I.; Livigni, D. J.; Li, X.; Lehman, J. H.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kim, S. K.; Hong, K.; Lee, D. -H.] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Phys Metrol, Ctr Photometry & Radiometry, Taejon 305340, South Korea. RP Vayshenker, I (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM igor.vayshenker@nist.gov; david.livigni@nist.gov; xiaoyu.li@nist.gov; john.lehman@nist.gov RI Vayshenker, Igor/H-9793-2013 OI Vayshenker, Igor/0000-0002-7098-3781 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 117 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.6028/jres.117.019 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 075HA UT WOS:000313874200002 PM 26900531 ER PT J AU Alapaty, K Herwehe, JA Otte, TL Nolte, CG Bullock, OR Mallard, MS Kain, JS Dudhia, J AF Alapaty, Kiran Herwehe, Jerold A. Otte, Tanya L. Nolte, Christopher G. Bullock, O. Russell Mallard, Megan S. Kain, John S. Dudhia, Jimy TI Introducing subgrid-scale cloud feedbacks to radiation for regional meteorological and climate modeling SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS; BUDGETS AB Convective systems and associated cloudiness directly influence regional and local atmospheric radiation budgets, as well as dynamics and thermodynamics, through feedbacks. However, most subgrid-scale convective parameterizations in regional weather and climate models do not consider cumulus cloud feedbacks to radiation, resulting in biases in several meteorological parameters. We have incorporated this key feedback process into a convective parameterization and a radiation scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting model, and evaluated the impacts of including this process in short-term weather and multiyear climate simulations. Introducing subgrid-scale convective cloud-radiation feedbacks leads to a more realistic simulation of attenuation of downward surface shortwave radiation. Reduced surface shortwave radiation moderates the surface forcing for convection and results in a notable reduction in precipitation biases. Our research reveals a need for more in-depth consideration of the effects of subgrid-scale clouds in regional meteorology/climate and air quality models on radiation, photolysis, cloud mixing, and aerosol indirect effects. Citation: Alapaty, K., J. A. Herwehe, T. L. Otte, C. G. Nolte, O. R. Bullock, M. S. Mallard, J. S. Kain, and J. Dudhia (2012), Introducing subgrid-scale cloud feedbacks to radiation for regional meteorological and climate modeling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24808, doi:10.1029/2012GL054031. C1 [Alapaty, Kiran; Herwehe, Jerold A.; Otte, Tanya L.; Nolte, Christopher G.; Bullock, O. Russell; Mallard, Megan S.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Kain, John S.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Dudhia, Jimy] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Alapaty, K (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM alapaty.kiran@epa.gov RI Dudhia, Jimy/B-1287-2008; Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; OI Dudhia, Jimy/0000-0002-2394-6232; Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Mallard, Megan/0000-0001-6548-8914; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development FX The GOES-13 satellite image in Figure 1 was obtained from the archive maintained by NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. The SURFRAD data were made available through NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory Global Monitoring Division. Technical feedback on this manuscript was provided by Robin Dennis, Prakash Bhave, and Rohit Mathur (U.S. EPA). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's administrative review and approved for publication. NR 22 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 21 PY 2012 VL 39 AR L24808 DI 10.1029/2012GL054031 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 061UP UT WOS:000312874200003 ER PT J AU Pletnev, I Erin, A McNaught, A Blinov, K Tchekhovskoi, D Heller, S AF Pletnev, Igor Erin, Andrey McNaught, Alan Blinov, Kirill Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii Heller, Steve TI InChIKey collision resistance: an experimental testing SO JOURNAL OF CHEMINFORMATICS LA English DT Article AB InChIKey is a 27-character compacted (hashed) version of InChI which is intended for Internet and database searching/indexing and is based on an SHA-256 hash of the InChI character string. The first block of InChIKey encodes molecular skeleton while the second block represents various kinds of isomerism (stereo, tautomeric, etc.). InChIKey is designed to be a nearly unique substitute for the parent InChI. However, a single InChIKey may occasionally map to two or more InChI strings (collision). The appearance of collision itself does not compromise the signature as collision-free hashing is impossible; the only viable approach is to set and keep a reasonable level of collision resistance which is sufficient for typical applications. We tested, in computational experiments, how well the real-life InChIKey collision resistance corresponds to the theoretical estimates expected by design. For this purpose, we analyzed the statistical characteristics of InChIKey for datasets of variable size in comparison to the theoretical statistical frequencies. For the relatively short second block, an exhaustive direct testing was performed. We computed and compared to theory the numbers of collisions for the stereoisomers of Spongistatin I (using the whole set of 67,108,864 isomers and its subsets). For the longer first block, we generated, using custom-made software, InChIKeys for more than 3 x 1010 chemical structures. The statistical behavior of this block was tested by comparison of experimental and theoretical frequencies for the various four-letter sequences which may appear in the first block body. From the results of our computational experiments we conclude that the observed characteristics of InChIKey collision resistance are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. C1 [Pletnev, Igor] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Pletnev, Igor; McNaught, Alan] InChI Trust, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Erin, Andrey; Blinov, Kirill] Adv Chem Dev Inc, ACD Labs, Toronto, ON M5C 1B5, Canada. [Tchekhovskoi, Dmitrii; Heller, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pletnev, I (reprint author), Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Dept Chem, Moscow 119991, Russia. EM inchi103@gmail.com NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1758-2946 J9 J CHEMINFORMATICS JI J. Cheminformatics PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 4 AR 39 DI 10.1186/1758-2946-4-39 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Chemistry; Computer Science GA 094TY UT WOS:000315287900001 PM 23256896 ER PT J AU Atienza, DO Allison, TC Tong, YYJ AF Atienza, Dianne O. Allison, Thomas C. Tong, YuYe J. TI Spatially Resolved Electronic Alterations As Seen by in Situ Pt-195 and (CO)-C-13 NMR in Ru@Pt and Au@Pt Core-Shell Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAY-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; OXYGEN REDUCTION REACTION; LEVEL LOCAL-DENSITY; FUEL-CELL CATALYSTS; PLATINUM CATALYSTS; PT(111) SURFACE; ELECTROCATALYSTS; ALLOY; METHANOL; CHEMISORPTION AB Pt-based core-shell (M@Pt where M stands for core element) nanoparticles (NPs) have recently been under increasing scrutiny in the fields of fuel cell and lithium air battery electrocatalysis due to their promising prospects in optimizing catalytic activity, reducing Pt loading and consequently lowering its cost. To achieve the latter, delineating spatially resolved local (surface) elemental distribution and associated variations in electronic properties under working condition (i.e., in situ) is arguably a prerequisite of fundamental importance in investigating electrocatalysis but unfortunately is still sorely missing. In this regard, in situ Pt-195 electrochemical NMR (EC-NMR) of Pt-based NPs is unique in terms of accessing such information, particularly the spatially resolved partition between the sand d-like Fermi level local density of states (ErLDOS) modified by the core elements. In this paper, we report a comparative in situ Pt-195 EC-NMR investigation of Ru@Pt vs Au@Pt NPs which was complemented by in situ C-13 EC-NMR of the (CO)-C-13 adsorbed on the respective NPs generated via dissociation of methanol and by ab initio DFT calculations. The obtained results showed opposing electronic effect between Ru vs Au cores: the former reduced substantially the s-like but not the d-like E-f-LDOS of the Pt shell while the latter did the opposite. According to recent quantum calculations, a reduction in d-like partition would weaken the Pt-O bond while a reduction in s-like partition would weaken the Pt-H bond, which is largely in agreement with experimental observations. C1 [Atienza, Dianne O.; Tong, YuYe J.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tong, YYJ (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, 37th & O St NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM yyt@georgetown.edu RI Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008 OI Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER15895]; NSF [CHE-0923910]; Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory FX This work was supported by DOE (DE-FG02-07ER15895) and NSF (CHE-0923910). The authors gratefully thank Dr. In-Su Park for providing the Au@Pt/C NPs and Dr. Bingchen Du for advising the synthesis of the Ru@Pt NPs. The DFT calculations was performed using EMSL, a national scientific user facility sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. NR 65 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 110 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 50 BP 26480 EP 26486 DI 10.1021/jp310313k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 056VN UT WOS:000312519600041 ER PT J AU Wilson, MJ Sherwin, BD Hill, JC Addison, G Battaglia, N Bond, JR Das, S Devlin, MJ Dunkley, J Dunner, R Fowler, JW Gralla, MB Hajian, A Halpern, M Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, K Hughes, JP Kosowsky, A Louis, T Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Partridge, B Reese, ED Sehgal, N Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Trac, H Wollack, E AF Wilson, Michael J. Sherwin, Blake D. Hill, J. Colin Addison, Graeme Battaglia, Nick Bond, J. Richard Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dunkley, Joanna Duenner, Rolando Fowler, Joseph W. Gralla, Megan B. Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin Hughes, John P. Kosowsky, Arthur Louis, Thibaut Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Partridge, Bruce Reese, Erik D. Sehgal, Neelima Sievers, Jon Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Trac, Hy Wollack, Ed TI Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A measurement of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect using the skewness of the CMB temperature distribution SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM; GALAXY CLUSTERS; 148 GHZ; PHYSICS; PROBE; MAPS; FLUCTUATIONS; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERS AB We present a detection of the unnormalized skewness <(T) over tilde (3)((n) over cap)> induced by the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (tSZ) effect in filtered Atacama Cosmology Telescope ( ACT) 148 GHz cosmic microwave background temperature maps. Contamination due to infrared and radio sources is minimized by template subtraction of resolved sources and by constructing a mask using outlying values in the 218 GHz (tSZ-null) ACT maps. We measure <(T) over tilde (3)((n) over cap)> = -31 +/- 6 mu K-3 (Gaussian statistics assumed) or +/- 14 mu K-3 ( including non- Gaussian corrections) in the filtered ACT data, a 5 sigma detection. We show that the skewness is a sensitive probe of sigma(8), and use analytic calculations and tSZ simulations to obtain cosmological constraints from this measurement. From this signal alone we infer a value of sigma(8) = 0.79(-0.03)(+0.03) (68% C.L.) (+0.06)(-0.06)(95% C.L.). Our results demonstrate that measurements of non- Gaussianity can be a useful method for characterizing the tSZ effect and extracting the underlying cosmological information. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.122005 C1 [Sherwin, Blake D.; Das, Sudeep; Fowler, Joseph W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Staggs, Suzanne T.; Switzer, Eric R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wilson, Michael J.; Addison, Graeme; Dunkley, Joanna; Louis, Thibaut] Univ Oxford, Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Wilson, Michael J.; Hill, J. Colin; Das, Sudeep; Hlozek, Renee; Marriage, Tobias A.; Sehgal, Neelima; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Battaglia, Nick; Trac, Hy] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Nolta, Michael R.; Sievers, Jon] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Reese, Erik D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gralla, Megan B.; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Halpern, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Huffenberger, Kevin] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Switzer, Eric R.] Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sherwin, BD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bsherwin@princeton.edu RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074 FU U.S. NSF [AST-0408698, PHY-0355328, AST-0707731, PIRE-0507768]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; FONDAP; Basal, Centre AIUC; RCUK Fellowship; NASA [NNX08AH30G]; NSERC PGSD; NSF [AST-0546035, AST-0807790]; NSF PFC [PHY-0114422]; KICP Fellowship; SLAC [DE-AC3-76SF00515]; ERC [259505]; BCCP; NSF GRFP; Programa de Astronomia, a program of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT) FX As this manuscript was being prepared, we learned of related theoretical work by the authors of Ref. [44], and we acknowledge very helpful discussions with the members of this collaboration. This work was supported by the U.S. NSF through Grants No. AST-0408698, No. PHY-0355328, No. AST-0707731, and No. PIRE-0507768, as well as by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, FONDAP, Basal, Centre AIUC, RCUK Fellowship (J. D.), NASA Grant No. NNX08AH30G (S. D., A. H., T. M.), NSERC PGSD (A. D. H.), NSF Grants No. AST-0546035 and No. AST-0807790 (A. K.), NSF PFC Grant No. PHY-0114422 (E. S.), KICP Fellowship (E. S.), SLAC Grant No. DE-AC3-76SF00515 (N. S.), ERC Grant No. 259505 (J. D.), BCCP (S. D.), and the NSF GRFP (B. D. S., B. L. S.). We thank B. Berger, R. Escribano, T. Evans, D. Faber, P. Gallardo, A. Gomez, M. Gordon, D. Holtz, M. McLaren, W. Page, R. Plimpton, D. Sanchez, O. Stryzak, M. Uehara, and Astro-Norte for assistance with ACT. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of Programa de Astronomia, a program of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 86 IS 12 AR 122005 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.86.122005 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 059JQ UT WOS:000312701600002 ER PT J AU Hare, JA Wuenschel, MJ Kimball, ME AF Hare, Jonathan A. Wuenschel, Mark J. Kimball, Matthew E. TI Projecting Range Limits with Coupled Thermal Tolerance - Climate Change Models: An Example Based on Gray Snapper (Lutjanus griseus) along the US East Coast SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE FISH; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; ATLANTIC; IMPACTS; RESPONSES AB We couple a species range limit hypothesis with the output of an ensemble of general circulation models to project the poleward range limit of gray snapper. Using laboratory-derived thermal limits and statistical downscaling from IPCC AR4 general circulation models, we project that gray snapper will shift northwards; the magnitude of this shift is dependent on the magnitude of climate change. We also evaluate the uncertainty in our projection and find that statistical uncertainty associated with the experimentally-derived thermal limits is the largest contributor (similar to 65%) to overall quantified uncertainty. This finding argues for more experimental work aimed at understanding and parameterizing the effects of climate change and variability on marine species. C1 [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA NMFS Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Wuenschel, Mark J.] NOAA NMFS Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Kimball, Matthew E.] GTM Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL USA. [Kimball, Matthew E.] Univ N Florida, Dept Biol, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA NMFS Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov NR 76 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 7 IS 12 AR e52294 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0052294 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 060RA UT WOS:000312794500136 PM 23284974 ER PT J AU Reinard, AA Lynch, BJ Mulligan, T AF Reinard, Alysha A. Lynch, Benjamin J. Mulligan, Tamitha TI COMPOSITION STRUCTURE OF INTERPLANETARY CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS FROM MULTISPACECRAFT OBSERVATIONS, MODELING, AND COMPARISON WITH NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; solar wind; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: flares; Sun: heliosphere ID MAGNETIC-FLUX ROPE; SOLAR-WIND; CHARGE STATES; 1 AU; INTERNAL STRUCTURE; SOHO OBSERVATIONS; STEREO; CLOUDS; PLASMA; FIELD AB We present an analysis of the ionic composition of iron for two interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) observed on 2007 May 21-23 by the ACE and STEREO spacecraft in the context of the magnetic structure of the ejecta flux rope, sheath region, and surrounding solar wind flow. This analysis is made possible due to recent advances in multispacecraft data interpolation, reconstruction, and visualization as well as results from recent modeling of ionic charge states in MHD simulations of magnetic breakout and flux cancellation coronal mass ejection (CME) initiation. We use these advances to interpret specific features of the ICME plasma composition resulting from the magnetic topology and evolution of the CME. We find that, in both the data and our MHD simulations, the flux ropes centers are relatively cool, while charge state enhancements surround and trail the flux ropes. The magnetic orientations of the ICMEs are suggestive of magnetic breakout-like reconnection during the eruption process, which could explain the spatial location of the observed iron enhancements just outside the traditional flux rope magnetic signatures and between the two ICMEs. Detailed comparisons between the simulations and data were more complicated, but a sharp increase in high iron charge states in the ACE and STEREO-A data during the second flux rope corresponds well to similar features in the flux cancellation results. We discuss the prospects of this integrated in situ data analysis and modeling approach to advancing our understanding of the unified CME-to-ICME evolution. C1 [Reinard, Alysha A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80505 USA. [Reinard, Alysha A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80505 USA. [Lynch, Benjamin J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Mulligan, Tamitha] Aerosp Corp, Dept Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. RP Reinard, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80505 USA. EM alysha.reinard@noaa.gov; blynch@ssl.berkeley.edu; tamitha.mulligan@aero.org RI Lynch, Benjamin/B-1300-2013; Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013; OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989; Lynch, Benjamin/0000-0001-6886-855X FU NASA SRT [NNX08AH54G]; AFOSR YIP [FA9550-11-1-0048]; NASA HTP [NNX11AJ65G]; NASA [NAS5-03131, NAS5-00132] FX A.A.R. and T.M. acknowledge support from NASA SR&T NNX08AH54G. B.J.L. acknowledges support of AFOSR YIP FA9550-11-1-0048 and NASA HTP NNX11AJ65G. Support for the STEREO mission in situ data processing and analysis was provided through NASA contracts to the IMPACT (NAS5-03131) and PLASTIC (NAS5-00132) teams. The authors thank the ACE MAG, SWEPAM, and SWICS teams for making their data available on the ACE Science Center Web site.4 NR 87 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 175 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/175 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300094 ER PT J AU Semler, DR Suhada, R Aird, KA Ashby, MLN Bautz, M Bayliss, M Bazin, G Bocquet, S Benson, BA Bleem, LE Brodwin, M Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Clocchiatti, A Crawford, TM Crites, AT de Haan, T Desai, S Dobbs, MA Dudley, JP Foley, RJ George, EM Gladders, MD Gonzalez, AH Halverson, NW Harrington, NL High, FW Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Hoover, S Hrubes, JD Jones, C Joy, M Keisler, R Knox, L Lee, AT Leitch, EM Liu, J Lueker, M Luong-Van, D Mantz, A Marrone, DP McDonald, M McMahon, JJ Mehl, J Meyer, SS Mocanu, L Mohr, JJ Montroy, TE Murray, SS Natoli, T Padin, S Plagge, T Pryke, C Reichardt, CL Rest, A Ruel, J Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Saro, A Sayre, JT Schaffer, KK Shaw, L Shirokoff, E Song, J Spieler, HG Stalder, B Staniszewski, Z Stark, AA Story, K Stubbs, CW van Engelen, A Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Vikhlinin, A Williamson, R Zahn, O Zenteno, A AF Semler, D. R. Suhada, R. Aird, K. A. Ashby, M. L. N. Bautz, M. Bayliss, M. Bazin, G. Bocquet, S. Benson, B. A. Bleem, L. E. Brodwin, M. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Clocchiatti, A. Crawford, T. M. Crites, A. T. de Haan, T. Desai, S. Dobbs, M. A. Dudley, J. P. Foley, R. J. George, E. M. Gladders, M. D. Gonzalez, A. H. Halverson, N. W. Harrington, N. L. High, F. W. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Hoover, S. Hrubes, J. D. Jones, C. Joy, M. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Liu, J. Lueker, M. Luong-Van, D. Mantz, A. Marrone, D. P. McDonald, M. McMahon, J. J. Mehl, J. Meyer, S. S. Mocanu, L. Mohr, J. J. Montroy, T. E. Murray, S. S. Natoli, T. Padin, S. Plagge, T. Pryke, C. Reichardt, C. L. Rest, A. Ruel, J. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Saro, A. Sayre, J. T. Schaffer, K. K. Shaw, L. Shirokoff, E. Song, J. Spieler, H. G. Stalder, B. Staniszewski, Z. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Stubbs, C. W. van Engelen, A. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Williamson, R. Zahn, O. Zenteno, A. TI HIGH-REDSHIFT COOL-CORE GALAXY CLUSTERS DETECTED VIA THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT IN THE SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: clusters: general; X-rays: galaxies: clusters ID XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; X-RAY; INTRACLUSTER MEDIUM; BRIGHTEST CLUSTER; LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; EVOLUTION; RADIO; CATALOG; SAMPLE; FLOWS AB We report the first investigation of cool-core properties of galaxy clusters selected via their Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. We use 13 galaxy clusters uniformly selected from 178 deg(2) observed with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and followed up by the Chandra X-ray Observatory. They form an approximately mass-limited sample (>3 x 10(14) M-circle dot h(70)(-1)) spanning redshifts 0.3 < z < 1.1. Using previously published X-ray-selected cluster samples, we compare two proxies of cool-core strength: surface brightness concentration (c(SB)) and cuspiness (alpha). We find that c(SB) is better constrained. We measure c(SB) for the SPT sample and find several new z > 0.5 cool-core clusters, including two strong cool cores. This rules out the hypothesis that there are no z > 0.5 clusters that qualify as strong cool cores at the 5.4 sigma level. The fraction of strong cool-core clusters in the SPT sample in this redshift regime is between 7% and 56% (95% confidence). Although the SPT selection function is significantly different from the X-ray samples, the high-z c(SB) distribution for the SPT sample is statistically consistent with that of X-ray-selected samples at both low and high redshifts. The cool-core strength is inversely correlated with the offset between the brightest cluster galaxy and the X-ray centroid, providing evidence that the dynamical state affects the cool-core strength of the cluster. Larger SZ-selected samples will be crucial in understanding the evolution of cluster cool cores over cosmic time. C1 [Semler, D. R.; Suhada, R.; Bazin, G.; Bocquet, S.; Desai, S.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.; Saro, A.; Zenteno, A.] Univ Munich, Dept Phys, D-81679 Munich, Germany. [Ashby, M. L. N.; Bayliss, M.; Foley, R. J.; Jones, C.; Murray, S. S.; Stalder, B.; Stark, A. A.; Stubbs, C. W.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bautz, M.; McDonald, M.] MIT, MIT Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Bayliss, M.; Ruel, J.; Stubbs, C. W.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bazin, G.; Desai, S.; Liu, J.; Mohr, J. J.; Zenteno, A.] Excellence Cluster Univ, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Hoover, S.; Keisler, R.; Leitch, E. M.; Mantz, A.; McMahon, J. J.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Natoli, T.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Schaffer, K. K.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Keisler, R.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Story, K.; Vieira, J. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Brodwin, M.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Hoover, S.; McMahon, J. J.; Meyer, S. S.; Schaffer, K. K.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Crawford, T. M.; Crites, A. T.; Gladders, M. D.; High, F. W.; Leitch, E. M.; Mantz, A.; Mehl, J.; Meyer, S. S.; Mocanu, L.; Padin, S.; Plagge, T.; Williamson, R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Cho, H. M.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Clocchiatti, A.] Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Dudley, J. P.; Holder, G. P.; Shaw, L.; van Engelen, A.; Vanderlinde, K.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [George, E. M.; Harrington, N. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Reichardt, C. L.; Shirokoff, E.; Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gonzalez, A. H.] Univ Florida, Dept Astron, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Joy, M.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Dept Space Sci, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Knox, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.; Spieler, H. G.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lueker, M.; Padin, S.; Shirokoff, E.; Vieira, J. D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Marrone, D. P.] Univ Arizona, Steward Observ, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [McMahon, J. J.; Song, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Mohr, J. J.] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Montroy, T. E.; Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.; Staniszewski, Z.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Educ & Res Cosmol & Astrophys, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Rest, A.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Schaffer, K. K.] Sch Art Inst Chicago, Liberal Arts Dept, Chicago, IL 60603 USA. [Shaw, L.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Zahn, O.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zahn, O.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Semler, DR (reprint author), Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany. RI Williamson, Ross/H-1734-2015; Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Stubbs, Christopher/C-2829-2012; OI Williamson, Ross/0000-0002-6945-2975; Stubbs, Christopher/0000-0003-0347-1724; Marrone, Daniel/0000-0002-2367-1080; Aird, Kenneth/0000-0003-1441-9518; Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996 FU National Science Foundation [ANT-0638937]; The Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe"; Excellence Initiative of the Federal Government of Germany, EXC [153]; Chandra X-ray Observatory Center [GO2-13006A]; NSF Physics Frontier Center [PHY-0114422]; Kavli Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; NSF [AST-1009012, AST-1009649, MRI-0723073]; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs program; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; NASA [NAS 8-03060, HST-HF-51308.01]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [GO0-1114, NAS8-03060]; Clay Fellowship; KICP Fellowship; Pennsylvania State University [2834-MIT-SAO-4018]; Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship; Smithsonian Institution; Brinson Foundation FX The South Pole Telescope program is supported by the National Science Foundation through grant ANT-0638937. The Munich group is supported by The Cluster of Excellence "Origin and Structure of the Universe," funded by the Excellence Initiative of the Federal Government of Germany, EXC project No. 153. Galaxy cluster research at the University of Chicago is partially supported by Chandra award No. GO2-13006A issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center. Partial support is also provided by the NSF Physics Frontier Center grant PHY-0114422 to the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, the Kavli Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Galaxy cluster research at Harvard is supported by NSF grant AST-1009012. Galaxy cluster research at SAO is supported in part by NSF grants AST-1009649 and MRI-0723073. The McGill group acknowledges funding from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Research Chairs program, and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. X-ray research at the CfA is supported through NASA contract NAS 8-03060. Support for X-ray analysis is provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration through Chandra award No. GO0-1114 issued by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of the National Aeronautics Space Administration under contract NAS8-03060. R.J.F. is supported by a Clay Fellowship. B. A. B is supported by a KICP Fellowship. M. Bautz and M. M acknowledge support from contract 2834-MIT-SAO-4018 from the Pennsylvania State University to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. M. M acknowledges support from NASA Hubble fellowship grant HST-HF-51308.01. M. D. acknowledges support from an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, C.J. acknowledges support from the Smithsonian Institution, and B. S. acknowledges support from the Brinson Foundation. The authors thank Marcella Brusa for her helpful discussion. NR 55 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 761 IS 2 AR 183 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/183 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 050YH UT WOS:000312090300102 ER PT J AU Simmonds, RW AF Simmonds, Raymond W. TI THERMAL PHYSICS Quantum interference heats up SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID SUPERCONDUCTORS; TRANSPORT; JUNCTIONS C1 NIST, Quantum Metrol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Simmonds, RW (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Metrol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM simmonds@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 492 IS 7429 BP 358 EP 359 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 056KQ UT WOS:000312488200037 PM 23257873 ER PT J AU Julienne, PS AF Julienne, Paul S. TI LOW-TEMPERATURE PHYSICS Cool molecules SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLAR-MOLECULES C1 [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Julienne, PS (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM psj@umd.edu RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 30 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 492 IS 7429 BP 364 EP 365 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 056KQ UT WOS:000312488200042 PM 23257877 ER PT J AU Stuhl, BK Hummon, MT Yeo, M Quemener, G Bohn, JL Ye, J AF Stuhl, Benjamin K. Hummon, Matthew T. Yeo, Mark Quemener, Goulven Bohn, John L. Ye, Jun TI Evaporative cooling of the dipolar hydroxyl radical SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; POLAR-MOLECULES; ATOMS; GAS AB Atomic physics was revolutionized by the development of forced evaporative cooling, which led directly to the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation(1,2), quantum-degenerate Fermi gases(3) and ultracold optical lattice simulations of condensed-matter phenomena(4). More recently, substantial progress has been made in the production of cold molecular gases(5). Their permanent electric dipole moment is expected to generate systems with varied and controllable phases(6-8), dynamics(9-11) and chemistry(12-14). However, although advances have been made(15) in both direct cooling and cold-association techniques, evaporative cooling has not been achieved so far. This is due to unfavourable ratios of elastic to inelastic scattering(13) and impractically slow thermalization rates in the available trapped species. Here we report the observation of microwave-forced evaporative cooling of neutral hydroxyl (OH center dot) molecules loaded from a Stark-decelerated beam into an extremely high-gradient magnetic quadrupole trap. We demonstrate cooling by at least one order of magnitude in temperature, and a corresponding increase in phase-space density by three orders of magnitude, limited only by the low-temperature sensitivity of our spectroscopic thermometry technique. With evaporative cooling and a sufficiently large initial population, much colder temperatures are possible; even a quantum-degenerate gas of this dipolar radical (or anything else it can sympathetically cool) may be within reach. C1 [Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Hummon, Matthew T.; Yeo, Mark; Quemener, Goulven; Bohn, John L.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stuhl, Benjamin K.; Hummon, Matthew T.; Yeo, Mark; Quemener, Goulven; Bohn, John L.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500; Stuhl, Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323 FU NSF Physics Frontier Center; DOE; AFOSR (MURI); DARPA; NIST FX We thank E. Cornell for discussions and B. Baxley for artistic contributions. We acknowledge funding from the NSF Physics Frontier Center, DOE, AFOSR (MURI), DARPA and NIST. NR 33 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 63 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 492 IS 7429 BP 396 EP + DI 10.1038/nature11718 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 056KQ UT WOS:000312488200049 PM 23257881 ER PT J AU Han, TH Helton, JS Chu, SY Nocera, DG Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Broholm, C Lee, YS AF Han, Tian-Heng Helton, Joel S. Chu, Shaoyan Nocera, Daniel G. Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A. Broholm, Collin Lee, Young S. TI Fractionalized excitations in the spin-liquid state of a kagome-lattice antiferromagnet SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VALENCE-BOND STATE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; LA2CUO4 AB The experimental realization of quantum spin liquids is a long-sought goal in physics, as they represent new states of matter. Quantum spin liquids cannot be described by the broken symmetries associated with conventional ground states. In fact, the interacting magnetic moments in these systems do not order, but are highly entangled with one another over long ranges(1). Spin liquids have a prominent role in theories describing high-transition-temperature superconductors(2,3), and the topological properties of these states may have applications in quantum information(4). A key feature of spin liquids is that they support exotic spin excitations carrying fractional quantum numbers. However, detailed measurements of these 'fractionalized excitations' have been lacking. Here we report neutron scattering measurements on single-crystal samples of the spin-1/2 kagome-lattice antiferromagnet ZnCu3(OD)(6)Cl-2 (also called herbertsmithite), which provide striking evidence for this characteristic feature of spin liquids. At low temperatures, we find that the spin excitations form a continuum, in contrast to the conventional spin waves expected in ordered antiferromagnets. The observation of such a continuum is noteworthy because, so far, this signature of fractional spin excitations has been observed only in one-dimensional systems. The results also serve as a hallmark of the quantum spin-liquid state in herbertsmithite. C1 [Han, Tian-Heng; Lee, Young S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Helton, Joel S.; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.; Broholm, Collin] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chu, Shaoyan] MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Nocera, Daniel G.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Lee, YS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tianheng@alum.mit.edu; younglee@mit.edu RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46134]; US National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544] FX We acknowledge T. Senthil, P. A. Lee, Z. Hao and O. Tchernyshyov for discussions, and J. Wen for assistance with data reduction. The work at MIT was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under grant no. DE-FG02-07ER46134. This work used facilities supported in part by the US National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. The work at IQM was supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering under award DE-FG02-08ER46544. NR 30 TC 243 Z9 243 U1 21 U2 201 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 20 PY 2012 VL 492 IS 7429 BP 406 EP 410 DI 10.1038/nature11659 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 056KQ UT WOS:000312488200051 PM 23257883 ER PT J AU Brakenridge, GR Cohen, S Kettner, AJ De Groeve, T Nghiem, SV Syvitski, JPM Fekete, BM AF Brakenridge, G. Robert Cohen, Sagy Kettner, Albert J. De Groeve, Tom Nghiem, Son V. Syvitski, James P. M. Fekete, Balazs M. TI Calibration of satellite measurements of river discharge using a global hydrology model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rivers; Water discharge; Runoff; Remote sensing; Hydrological model; Water balance model ID UNGAUGED BASINS PUB; SOIL-MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION; UNCERTAINTY; REANALYSIS; PREDICTION; BARE AB Measurements of river discharge and watershed runoff are essential to water resources management, efficient hydropower generation, accurate flood prediction and control, and improved understanding of the global water cycle. Previous work demonstrates that orbital remote sensing can measure river discharge variation in a manner closely analogous to its measurement at ground stations, and using reach flow surface area instead of stage as the discharge estimator. For international measurements, hydrological modeling can, in principle, be used to provide the needed calibration of sensor data to discharge. The present study tests this approach and investigates the accuracy of the results. We analyze six sites within the US where gauging station, satellite measurements, and WBM model results are all available. Knowledge is thereby gained concerning how accurately satellite sensors can measure discharge, if the signal is calibrated only from global modeling results without any ground-based information. The calibration (rating) equations obtained for the remote sensing signal are similar, whether based on gauging station or on model information: r(2) correlation coefficients for least squares fits at one example site (#524; White River, Indiana) are both .66 (n = 144, comparing monthly daily maxima, minima, and mean, 20032006). Space-based 4-day mean discharge values for this site when using the model calibration are accurate to within +/- 67% on the average (n = 1824; largest percent errors occur at low discharges), and annual total runoff is accurate to 9%, 2003-2008. Comparison of gauging station versus modeled discharge commonly indicates a small positive model bias; the observed errors of satellite-observed annual runoff are also positive and could be improved by bias removal from the rating curves. Also, analysis of a large flood event, along the Indus River in 2010, shows that the model does not capture flood wave attenuation by overbank flow, and thus predicts faster flood wave celerity and higher peak discharge than was measured by the remote sensing. The incorporation of overbank processes would improve discharge estimation via modeling, and also facilitate more accurate satellite-based measurement of peak discharge. The analysis shows that existing and planned microwave sensors can usefully characterize global river discharge dynamics, and that water balance model-based rating curves provide acceptable calibration of remote sensing signal to discharge. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brakenridge, G. Robert; Cohen, Sagy; Kettner, Albert J.; Syvitski, James P. M.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cohen, Sagy] Univ Alabama, Dept Geog, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. [De Groeve, Tom] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Nghiem, Son V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Fekete, Balazs M.] CUNY City Coll, CUNY Environm CrossRd Initiat, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Brakenridge, GR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Robert.Brakenridge@Colorado.edu RI Syvitski, James/L-2008-2013; OI Cohen, Sagy/0000-0002-3354-2864 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; U.S. National Science Foundation; European Commission; NASA FX Part of the research (by Nghiem) was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The other authors thank as well the U.S. National Science Foundation, the European Commission, and NASA for support, and the University of Colorado, Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS) for computing time on high-performance computing clusters. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD DEC 19 PY 2012 VL 475 BP 123 EP 136 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.09.035 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 075DO UT WOS:000313864200011 ER PT J AU Zhang, JZ AF Zhang, Jia-Zhong TI Current Wet Persulfate Digestion Method Considerably Underestimates Total Phosphorus Content in Natural Waters SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID RIVER C1 NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Zhang, JZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jia-zhong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556 NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 65 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 24 BP 13033 EP 13034 DI 10.1021/es304373f PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055QT UT WOS:000312432200002 PM 23214985 ER PT J AU Golozar, A Fagundes, RB Etemadi, A Schantz, MM Kamangar, F Abnet, CC Dawsey, SM AF Golozar, Asieh Fagundes, Renato B. Etemadi, Arash Schantz, Michele M. Kamangar, Farin Abnet, Christian C. Dawsey, Sanford M. TI Significant Variation in the Concentration of Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Yerba Mate Samples by Brand, Batch, and Processing Method SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESOPHAGEAL CANCER-RISK; WHITE BLOOD-CELLS; ILEX-PARAGUARIENSIS; NORTHEASTERN IRAN; HOT BEVERAGES; DNA ADDUCTS; CONSUMPTION; URINE; CONTRIBUTE; CHEMISTRY AB Drinking mate, common in southern South America, may increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In 2006, we found high but variable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content in commercial yerba mate samples from eight Brazilian brands. The PAH content of new samples from the same brands, purchased in 2008, and four brands from a single manufacturer processed in different ways, obtained in 2010, were quantified to determine whether PAH concentration was still high, whether PAH content variation was brand specific, and whether processing method affects PAH content of commercial yerba mate. Concentrations of individual PAHs were quantified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with deuterated PAHs as internal standards. Median total PAH concentration was 1500 ng/g (range: 625-3710 ng/g) and 1090 ng/g (621-1990 ng/g) in 2008 and 2010 samples, respectively. Comparing 2006 and 2008 samples, some brands had high PAN concentrations in both years, while PAH concentration changed considerably in others. Benzo[a]pyrene concentrations ranged from 11.9 to 99.3 ng/g and 5.11 to 21.0 ng/g in 2008 and 2010 samples, respectively. The 2010 sample processed without touching smoke had the lowest benzo[a]pyrene content. These results support previous findings of very high total and carcinogenic PAH concentrations in yerba mate, perhaps contributing to the high incidence of ESCC in southern South America. The large PAH content variation by brand, batch, and processing method suggests it may be possible to reduce the content of carcinogenic PAHs in commercial yerba mate, making it a healthier beverage. C1 [Golozar, Asieh; Etemadi, Arash; Kamangar, Farin; Abnet, Christian C.; Dawsey, Sanford M.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Fagundes, Renato B.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Clin Med, Ctr Ciencias Saude, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. [Fagundes, Renato B.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Fac Med, Programa PG Ciencias Gastroenterol, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Schantz, Michele M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kamangar, Farin] Morgan State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Anal, Sch Community Hlth & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Fagundes, RB (reprint author), Ave Grecia 1000,Apt 1002, BR-91350070 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. EM fagundesrb@gmail.com RI Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015; Etemadi, Arash/C-1386-2016 OI Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843; Etemadi, Arash/0000-0002-3458-1072 FU intramural program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH; NIH; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX This study was supported in part by funds from the intramural program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH and in part by an interagency agreement between the NIH and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 46 IS 24 BP 13488 EP 13493 DI 10.1021/es303494s PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 055QT UT WOS:000312432200058 PM 23101992 ER PT J AU Muramoto, S Staymates, ME Brewer, TM Gillen, G AF Muramoto, Shin Staymates, Matthew E. Brewer, Tim M. Gillen, Greg TI Ambient Low Temperature Plasma Etching of Polymer Films for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Molecular Depth Profiling SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; TOF-SIMS; BEAM AB The feasibility of a low temperature plasma (LTP) probe as a way to prepare polymer bevel cross sections for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) applications was investigated. Poly(lactic acid) and poly(methyl methacrylate) films were etched using He LTP, and the resulting crater walls were depth profiled using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to examine changes in chemistry over the depth of the film. ToF-SIMS results showed that while exposure to even 1 s of plasma resulted in integration of atmospheric nitrogen and contaminants to the newly exposed surface, the actual chemical modification to the polymer backbone was found to be chemistry-dependent. For PLA, sample modification was confined to the top 15 nm of the PLA surface regardless of plasma exposure dose, while measurable change was not seen for PMMA. The confinement of chemical modification to 15 nm or less of the top surface suggests that LTP can be used as a simple method to prepare cross sections or bevels of polymer thin films for subsequent analysis by surface-sensitive molecular depth profiling techniques such as SIMS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other spatially resolved mass spectrometric techniques. C1 [Muramoto, Shin; Staymates, Matthew E.; Brewer, Tim M.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muramoto, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shinichiro.muramoto@nist.gov RI Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016 OI Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 84 IS 24 BP 10763 EP 10767 DI 10.1021/ac302718u PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 055PV UT WOS:000312429800039 PM 23137275 ER PT J AU Kemiktarak, U Durand, M Metcalfe, M Lawall, J AF Kemiktarak, Utku Durand, Mathieu Metcalfe, Michael Lawall, John TI Cavity optomechanics with sub-wavelength grating mirrors SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL SLAB; REFLECTORS AB We design, fabricate and study a novel platform for cavity optomechanics: a silicon nitride membrane patterned as a sub-wavelength diffraction grating. Using the grating as one mirror of a Fabry-Perot cavity, we realize an optical finesse of F = 2830 +/- 60, corresponding to a grating reflectivity of R = 0.998. The finesse we achieve appears to be within a factor of two of the limit set by material absorption. We study the finesse as a function of wavelength and optical spot size in order to elucidate various optical loss mechanisms. We find that the cavity exhibits birefringence, and establish that it, too, is a source of optical loss. We then characterize the mechanical motion. We observe hundreds of normal modes, and find the fluctuating amplitude of one of them to be very well described by a Boltzmann distribution. By injecting a red-detuned cooling laser, we optically cool all of the modes that we observe. The lowest effective temperature we achieve is T-eff approximate to 1 K. C1 [Kemiktarak, Utku; Durand, Mathieu; Metcalfe, Michael; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kemiktarak, Utku; Metcalfe, Michael] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lawall, J (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.lawall@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX We acknowledge National Science Foundation support through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. Research performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 47 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 125010 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/12/125010 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 056KK UT WOS:000312487500002 ER PT J AU Bohnet, JG Chen, ZL Weiner, JM Cox, KC Thompson, JK AF Bohnet, Justin G. Chen, Zilong Weiner, Joshua M. Cox, Kevin C. Thompson, James K. TI Relaxation Oscillations, Stability, and Cavity Feedback in a Superradiant Raman Laser SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS; SINGLE-MODE; DYNAMICS; CLOCKS; CHAOS AB We experimentally study the relaxation oscillations and amplitude stability properties of an optical laser operating deep into the bad-cavity regime using a laser-cooled Rb-87 Raman laser. By combining measurements of the laser light field with nondemolition measurements of the atomic populations, we infer the response of the gain medium represented by a collective atomic Bloch vector. The results are qualitatively explained with a simple model. Measurements and theory are extended to include the effect of intermediate repumping states on the closed-loop stability of the oscillator and the role of cavity feedback on stabilizing or enhancing relaxation oscillations. This experimental study of the stability of an optical laser operating deep into the bad-cavity regime will guide future development of superradiant lasers with ultranarrow linewidths. C1 [Bohnet, Justin G.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bohnet, JG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bohnet@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU NSF PFC; NIST; ARO; DARPA QuASAR; NSF GRF; A*STAR Singapore FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with D. Meiser, M. J. Holland, J. Ye, D. Z. Anderson, and S. T. Cundiff. This work was funded by NSF PFC, NIST, ARO, and DARPA QuASAR. J. G. B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF, and Z. C. acknowledges support from A*STAR Singapore. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 25 AR 253602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.253602 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 055XP UT WOS:000312451600007 PM 23368460 ER PT J AU Jena, D Fang, T Zhang, Q Xing, HL AF Jena, Debdeep Fang, Tian Zhang, Qin Xing, Huili TI Response to "Comment on 'Zener tunneling semiconducting nanotubes and graphene nanoribbon p-n junctions'" [Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 256103 (2012)] SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Jena, Debdeep; Fang, Tian; Xing, Huili] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Zhang, Qin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jena, D (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM djena@nd.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 25 AR 256104 DI 10.1063/1.4766741 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 060LR UT WOS:000312780000120 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Marsili, F Harrington, S Lita, AE Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Marsili, F. Harrington, S. Lita, A. E. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. TI A three-dimensional, polarization-insensitive superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; TIME AB We demonstrate an approach to improving the detection efficiency, removing the polarization dependence, and increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of conventional superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) by vertically stacking two WSi SNSPDs and electrically connecting them in parallel, forming a three-dimensional superconducting nanowire avalanche photodetector. We measure a peak system detection efficiency of 87.7% +/- 60.5% and a polarization dependence of less than 2%, representing nearly an order of magnitude improvement in both system detection efficiency and reduction of polarization dependence compared to conventional SNSPDs. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4768788] C1 [Verma, V. B.; Marsili, F.; Harrington, S.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Marsili, Francesco/E-4087-2012; OI Marsili, Francesco/0000-0003-0209-172X; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 22 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 8 U2 43 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 17 PY 2012 VL 101 IS 25 AR 251114 DI 10.1063/1.4768788 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 060LR UT WOS:000312780000014 ER PT J AU Hoerling, MP Eischeid, JK Quan, XW Diaz, HF Webb, RS Dole, RM Easterling, DR AF Hoerling, Martin P. Eischeid, Jon K. Quan, Xiao-Wei Diaz, Henry F. Webb, Robert S. Dole, Randall M. Easterling, David R. TI Is a Transition to Semipermanent Drought Conditions Imminent in the US Great Plains? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEVERITY INDEX; POTENTIAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; FUTURE DROUGHT; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AVAILABILITY; TEMPERATURE; SENSITIVITY; PROJECTIONS AB How Great Plains climate will respond under global warming continues to be a key unresolved question. There has been, for instance, considerable speculation that the Great Plains is embarking upon a period of increasing drought frequency and intensity that will lead to a semipermanent Dust Bowl in the coming decades. This view draws on a single line of inference of how climate change may affect surface water balance based on sensitivity of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI). A different view foresees a more modest climate change impact on Great Plains surface moisture balances. This draws on direct lines of analysis using land surface models to predict runoff and soil moisture, the results of which do not reveal an ominous fate for the Great Plains. The authors' study presents a parallel diagnosis of projected changes in drought as inferred from PDSI and soil moisture indicators in order to understand causes for such a disparity and to shed light on the uncertainties. PDSI is shown to be an excellent proxy indicator for Great Plains soil moisture in the twentieth century; however, its suitability breaks down in the twenty-first century, with the PDSI severely overstating surface water imbalances and implied agricultural stresses. Several lines of evidence and physical considerations indicate that simplifying assumptions regarding temperature effects on water balances, especially concerning evapotranspiration in Palmer's formulation, compromise its suitability as drought indicator in a warming climate. The authors conclude that projections of acute and chronic PDSI decline in the twenty-first century are likely an exaggerated indicator for future Great Plains drought severity. C1 [Hoerling, Martin P.; Diaz, Henry F.; Webb, Robert S.; Dole, Randall M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Eischeid, Jon K.; Quan, Xiao-Wei] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Easterling, David R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Hoerling, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 24 BP 8380 EP 8386 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00449.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058IX UT WOS:000312628400002 ER PT J AU Hong, SY Kanamitsu, M Kim, JE Koo, MS AF Hong, Song-You Kanamitsu, Masao Kim, Jung-Eun Koo, Myung-Seo TI Effects of Diurnal Cycle on a Simulated Asian Summer Monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; TIBETAN PLATEAU; CLIMATE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; RAINFALL; CHINA; FREQUENCY AB This study investigates the effects of the diurnal cycle on monsoonal circulations over Asia in summer with a focus on precipitation. To this end, two sets of experiments are designed in a regional climate modeling framework forced by reanalysis data. The control experiment is a normal integration in which radiation is computed hourly, whereas the no-diurnal experiment is an experimental integration in which the daily averaged solar flux is computed once a day. Analysis of the results from the two experiments reveals that the diurnal cycle enhances the daily averaged sensible heat flux over land and the latent flux over oceans, which means that daytime net solar heating exceeds nighttime cooling in terms of the effects in surface climate and monsoonal circulations. Seasonal precipitation increased by about 3% over land and 11% over oceans. The surface hydroclimate over land is strongly influenced by the interaction between land and the atmosphere, and results in cooler surface temperatures except over the Tibetan Plateau. Over oceans, a robust increase in precipitation results from enhanced planetary boundary layer mixing. The diurnal cycle over the Tibetan Plateau region is found to decrease surface albedo by melting snow during the daytime, which contributes to the formation of the thermal low near the surface and the Tibetan high in the upper troposphere. The resultant monsoonal precipitation is modulated by an increase (decrease) in precipitation over northern (southern) India. This modulation results in the summer monsoon over East Asia being shifted northward. C1 [Hong, Song-You; Koo, Myung-Seo] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Hong, Song-You; Koo, Myung-Seo] Yonsei Univ, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kanamitsu, Masao] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Kim, Jung-Eun] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kim, Jung-Eun] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM shong@yonsei.ac.kr RI Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 FU Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2012-0000158]; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3084] FX This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012-0000158), and by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-3084. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 24 BP 8394 EP 8408 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00069.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058IX UT WOS:000312628400004 ER PT J AU Zhang, J Zheng, W Menne, MJ AF Zhang, Jun Zheng, Wei Menne, Matthew J. TI A Bayes Factor Model for Detecting Artificial Discontinuities via Pairwise Comparisons SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE DATA SERIES; MAXIMAL T-TEST; CHANGEPOINT DETECTION; HOMOGENEITY TEST; F-TEST; SHIFTS AB In this paper, the authors present a Bayes factor model for detecting undocumented artificial discontinuities in a network of temperature series. First, they generate multiple difference series for each station with the pairwise comparison approach. Next, they treat the detection problem as a Bayesian model selection problem and use Bayes factors to calculate the posterior probabilities of the discontinuities and estimate their locations in time and space. The model can be applied to large climate networks and realistic temperature series with missing data. The effectiveness of the model is illustrated with two realistic large-scale simulations and four sensitivity analyses. Results from applying the algorithm to observed monthly temperature data from the conterminous United States are also briefly discussed in the context of what is currently known about the nature of biases in the U.S. surface temperature record. C1 [Zhang, Jun] N Carolina State Univ, CICS NC, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Zhang, Jun] Stat & Appl Math Sci Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Zheng, Wei] Sanofi Aventis, Boston, MA USA. [Zhang, Jun; Menne, Matthew J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Zhang, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM zhang.jun1@gmail.com NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 24 BP 8462 EP 8474 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00052.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058IX UT WOS:000312628400008 ER PT J AU de Szoeke, SP Yuter, S Mechem, D Fairall, CW Burleyson, CD Zuidema, P AF de Szoeke, Simon P. Yuter, Sandra Mechem, David Fairall, Chris W. Burleyson, Casey D. Zuidema, Paquita TI Observations of Stratocumulus Clouds and Their Effect on the Eastern Pacific Surface Heat Budget along 20 degrees S SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SUBTROPICAL SOUTHEAST PACIFIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; LIQUID WATER PATH; VOCALS-REX; COUPLED OCEAN; DRIZZLING STRATOCUMULUS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; SEASONAL CYCLE AB Widespread stratocumulus clouds were observed on nine transects from seven research cruises to the southeastern tropical Pacific Ocean along 20 degrees S, 75 degrees-85 degrees W in October-November of 2001-08. The nine transects sample a unique combination of synoptic and interannual variability affecting the clouds; their ensemble diagnoses longitude-vertical sections of the atmosphere, diurnal cycles of cloud properties and drizzle statistics, and the effect of stratocumulus clouds on surface radiation. Mean cloud fraction was 0.88, and 67% of 10-min overhead cloud fraction observations were overcast. Clouds cleared in the afternoon [1500 local time (LT)] to a minimum of fraction of 0.7. Precipitation radar found strong drizzle with reflectivity above 40 dBZ. Cloud-base (CB) heights rise with longitude from 1.0 km at 75 degrees W to 1.2 km at 85 degrees W in the mean, but the slope varies from cruise to cruise. CB-lifting condensation level (LCL) displacement, a measure of decoupiing, increases westward. At night CB-LCL is 0-200 m and increases 400 m from dawn to 1600 LT, before collapsing in the evening. Despite zonal gradients in boundary layer and cloud vertical structure, surface radiation and cloud radiative forcing are relatively uniform in longitude. When present, clouds reduce solar radiation by 160 W m(-2) and radiate 70 W m(-2) more downward longwave radiation than clear skies. Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) simulations of the climate of the twentieth century show 40 +/- 20 W m(-2) too little net cloud radiative cooling at the surface. Simulated clouds have correct radiative forcing when present, but models have similar to 50% too few clouds. C1 [de Szoeke, Simon P.] Oregon State Univ, CEOAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Yuter, Sandra; Burleyson, Casey D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mechem, David] Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Fairall, Chris W.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Zuidema, Paquita] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP de Szoeke, SP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, CEOAS, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM sdeszoek@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015; Burleyson, Casey/F-1833-2016 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X; Burleyson, Casey/0000-0001-6218-9361 FU United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Science (ESS) program [GC09-507]; VOCALS shipboard observations; Department of Energy [DOE ASR DE-SC006994] FX We acknowledge support from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Science (ESS) program (Grant GC09-507), which funded the VOCALS shipboard observations, and support from Department of Energy Grant DOE ASR DE-SC006994. The NOAA/PMEL Atmospheric Chemistry Group provided the VOCALS aerosol data on their website (http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/data/nsd.php?cruise=VOCALS). MODIS data were downloaded from the NASA website (http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/). We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset. Support of the CMIP3 dataset is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Data provided by the Met Office Hadley Centre are under Crown copyright, 2005. We thank the crew and scientists aboard the NOAA RN Ronald H. Brown and the UNOLS RN Roger Revel le during the research cruises when we collected these measurements and Dr. Peter Minnett for the use of his microwave radiometer in 2008. We thank Sergio Pezoa, Dan Wolfe, Ludovic Bariteau, and Dan Gottas for their continual development and maintenance of the shipboard NOAA PSD meteorology and flux measurement systems. NR 45 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 25 IS 24 BP 8542 EP 8567 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00618.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 058IX UT WOS:000312628400013 ER PT J AU Wuenschel, MJ Hare, JA Kimball, ME Able, KW AF Wuenschel, Mark J. Hare, Jonathan A. Kimball, Matthew E. Able, Kenneth W. TI Evaluating juvenile thermal tolerance as a constraint on adult range of gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus): A combined laboratory, field and modeling approach SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Gray snapper; Juvenile thermal tolerance; Overwinter mortality; Species range ID WESTERN ATLANTIC-OCEAN; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; OF-THE-YEAR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; WINTER MORTALITY; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; NORTH-CAROLINA; MARINE FISHES AB Climate change is expected to cause a poleward shift of many temperate species, however, a mechanistic understanding of how temperature and species' life histories interact to produce observed adult range is often lacking. We evaluated the hypothesis that juvenile thermal tolerance determines northern range in gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus), a species commonly caught as juveniles along the US Atlantic coast well north of their adult distribution, using a combined laboratory, field and modeling approach. The cumulative degree days below 17 degrees C (CDD<17) survived by individuals maintained in the laboratory under ambient seasonal cooling conditions were used to quantify the chronic effects of prolonged but non-lethal low temperatures. Under ambient conditions, juveniles stopped feeding below 11.3 degrees C, and the mean temperature at death was 10.2 degrees C (+/-0.74 S.D.). The CDD<17 endured by individuals ranged from 61.9 to 138.8 (8354+/-22.44 S.D.), and was positively related to fish size. The relation between CDD<17 and fish size was extrapolated to the maximum juvenile size in fall to provide an upper limit for survival in the wild (CDD<17 = 210 days). Acute low temperature tolerance was evaluated in a second experiment that exposed juveniles to a constant rate of temperature decline (3 degrees C where feeding ceased at 10.3 degrees C and death occurred at 7.0 degrees C (+/-0.45 S.D.). These thermal thresholds were combined with winter estuarine temperature data at 12 sites to evaluate potential overwinter survival along the US Atlantic coast. Of a total of 134 site-year combinations categorized based on the acute and chronic thresholds, the CDD<17 threshold (>210 days) was more limiting than the acute threshold (minimum daily temperature<7.0 degrees C) to survival of juveniles for a given site-year. To evaluate the relationship between juvenile thermal tolerance criteria and adult distributions, we quantified adult distribution using field observations in the western Atlantic Ocean compiled from a database of recreational divers. There was a strong correspondence between observations of adult gray snapper from the database of recreational divers vs. latitude with that of the predicted survival of juveniles vs. latitude from our analysis. The agreement between the laboratory-derived thermal tolerance metrics, the spatial distribution of winter temperature, and the distribution of adult gray snapper support the hypothesis that the adult range of gray snapper is largely limited by the overwinter survival of juveniles. Understanding the interaction between physiology and range is important for forecasting the impacts of climate change on other species of fish where juvenile tolerances are critical in determining range, particularly in seasonal systems. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wuenschel, Mark J.] NOAA NMFS Woods Hole Lab, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wuenschel, Mark J.; Kimball, Matthew E.; Able, Kenneth W.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Marine Field Stn, Tuckerton, NJ 08087 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA NMFS Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Kimball, Matthew E.] GTM Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Ponte Vedra Beach, FL 32082 USA. [Kimball, Matthew E.] Univ N Florida, Dept Biol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Wuenschel, MJ (reprint author), NOAA NMFS Woods Hole Lab, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mark.wuenschel@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD DEC 15 PY 2012 VL 436 BP 19 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.08.012 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 042KT UT WOS:000311470800003 ER PT J AU Purewal, J Keith, JB Ahn, CC Brown, CM Tyagi, M Fultz, B AF Purewal, Justin Keith, J. Brandon Ahn, Channing C. Brown, Craig M. Tyagi, Madhusudan Fultz, Brent TI Hydrogen diffusion in potassium intercalated graphite studied by quasielastic neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; ACTIVATED CARBON; SELF-DIFFUSION; ADSORPTION; STORAGE; DEUTERIUM; LIQUID; H-2; SPECTROMETER AB The graphite intercalation compound KC24 adsorbs hydrogen gas at low temperatures up to a maximum stoichiometry of KC24(H-2)(2), with a differential enthalpy of adsorption of approximately -9 kJ mol(-1). The hydrogen molecules and potassium atoms form a two-dimensional condensed phase between the graphite layers. Steric barriers and strong adsorption potentials are expected to strongly hinder hydrogen diffusion within the host KC24 structure. In this study, self-diffusion in a KC24(H-2)(0.5) sample is measured experimentally by quasielastic neutron scattering and compared to values from molecular dynamics simulations. Self-diffusion coefficients are determined by fits of the experimental spectra to a honeycomb net diffusion model and found to agree well with the simulated values. The experimental H-2 diffusion coefficients in KC24 vary from 3.6 x 10(-9) m(2) s(-1) at 80 K to 8.5 x 10(-9) m(2) s(-1) at 110 K. The measured diffusivities are roughly an order of magnitude lower that those observed on carbon adsorbents, but compare well with the rate of hydrogen self-diffusion in molecular sieve zeolites. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4767055] C1 [Purewal, Justin; Keith, J. Brandon; Ahn, Channing C.; Fultz, Brent] CALTECH, WM Keck Lab 138 78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Brown, Craig M.; Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Purewal, J (reprint author), HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. EM jjpurewal@hrl.com RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU DANSE project under National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0520547]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence [DE-FC36-05GO15079, DE-EE0000262] FX The authors thank Ron Cappelletti at NCNR for very helpful discussions, and acknowledge Hillary Smith for help with the QENS measurements. The work benefited from software developed in the DANSE project under National Science Foundation (NSF) Award No. DMR-0520547. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772 and was partially supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy through the Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence under Contract Nos. DE-FC36-05GO15079 and DE-EE0000262. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, materials, or material suppliers are identified in this article to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 32 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 137 IS 22 AR 224704 DI 10.1063/1.4767055 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 056LO UT WOS:000312491400098 PM 23249023 ER PT J AU Glorieux, Q Clark, JB Corzo, NV Lett, PD AF Glorieux, Quentin Clark, Jeremy B. Corzo, Neil V. Lett, Paul D. TI Generation of pulsed bipartite entanglement using four-wave mixing SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PODOLSKY-ROSEN ENTANGLEMENT; QUANTUM MEMORY; RUBIDIUM VAPOR; IMAGES; NOISE; LIGHT; DELAY AB Using four-wave mixing in a hot atomic vapor, we generate a pair of entangled twin beams in the microsecond pulsed regime near the D1 line of Rb-85, making it compatible with commonly used quantum memory techniques. The beams are generated in the bright and vacuum-squeezed regimes, requiring two separate methods of analysis, without and with local oscillators, respectively. We report a noise reduction of up to 3.8+/-0.2 dB below the standard quantum limit in the pulsed regime and a level of entanglement that violates an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen inequality. C1 [Glorieux, Quentin] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Glorieux, Q (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM quentin.glorieux@nist.gov RI Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 FU AFSOR; Physics Frontier Center at the NIST/UMD Joint Quantum Institute FX This work was supported by the AFSOR and the Physics Frontier Center at the NIST/UMD Joint Quantum Institute. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 26 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 123024 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/12/123024 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 056KD UT WOS:000312486800001 ER PT J AU Redmon, RJ Peterson, WK Andersson, L Richards, PG AF Redmon, R. J. Peterson, W. K. Andersson, L. Richards, P. G. TI Dawnward shift of the dayside O+ outflow distribution: The importance of field line history in O+ escape from the ionosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION OUTFLOW; LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; AURORAL OVAL; POLAR WIND; F-REGION; MODEL; CIRCULATION; UPFLOWS; CUSP; MAGNETOSPHERE AB Observations and modeling of thermal upwelling O+ in the topside ionosphere are used to demonstrate that the well-known dawnward shift of energetic escaping fluxes at higher altitudes is the result of the expansion and contraction of low energy plasma on magnetic field lines and noon focused energization mechanisms. Recent research has shown that magnetospheric impacts of ion outflow are dependent on the local time source location. However, most modelers assume that the peak escaping O+ flux on the dayside is coincident with energy inputs from the magnetosphere associated with the cusp. The dawnward offset has been observed by multiple spacecraft and most recently in a new DMSP database of low altitude upwelling O+. The documented control of the cusp orientation with the Y component of the interplanetary magnetic field is generally a smaller effect than the observed dawnward bias. The dawnward offset is largest for thermal O+ during geomagnetically quiet intervals and smallest for energetic escaping O+ during active intervals. The present study investigates the efficacy of precipitating electrons, solar irradiance and neutral winds on dayside upwelling O+. An ionosphere model is used to show that solar irradiance causes significant upwelling O+ on dawn flux tubes and when combined with noon focused energization mechanisms, establishes the observed dayside escaping energetic O+ flux distribution. Our analysis also reveals that, during geomagnetically quiet intervals, high latitude neutral winds may be as important as electron precipitation in establishing the dayside distribution of upflowing thermal O+. Citation: Redmon, R. J., W. K. Peterson, L. Andersson, and P. G. Richards (2012), Dawnward shift of the dayside O+ outflow distribution: The importance of field line history in O+ escape from the ionosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 117, A12222, doi:10.1029/2012JA018145. C1 [Redmon, R. J.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peterson, W. K.; Andersson, L.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Richards, P. G.] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Redmon, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rob.redmon@noaa.gov RI Peterson, WK/A-8706-2009 OI Peterson, WK/0000-0002-1513-6096 FU NASA [NNX12AD25G]; NSF [1048350] FX We thank Andrew Yau, Yusuke Ebihara, Tom Moore and Juan Rodriguez for discussions about the observations presented here. We thank Qian Wu for sharing pre-publication data and Alan Burns for a discussion on high latitude dayside neutral winds. W.K.P. was supported by NASA grant (NNX12AD25G). P.G.R. was supported by NSF grant 1048350 to George Mason University. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 117 AR A12222 DI 10.1029/2012JA018145 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 055EI UT WOS:000312397600005 ER PT J AU Herold, CD Vaidya, VD Li, X Rolston, SL Porto, JV Safronova, MS AF Herold, C. D. Vaidya, V. D. Li, X. Rolston, S. L. Porto, J. V. Safronova, M. S. TI Precision Measurement of Transition Matrix Elements via Light Shift Cancellation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC DATA; RESONANCE; LIFETIME; LINES AB We present a method for accurate determination of atomic transition matrix elements at the 10(-3) level. Measurements of the ac Stark (light) shift around "magic-zero'' wavelengths, where the light shift vanishes, provide precise constraints on the matrix elements. We make the first measurement of the 5s - 6p matrix elements in rubidium by measuring the light shift around the 421 and 423 nm zeros through diffraction of a condensate off a sequence of standing wave pulses. In conjunction with existing theoretical and experimental data, we find 0.3235(9)ea(0) and 0.5230(8)ea(0) for the 5s - 6p(1/2) and 5s - 6p(3/2) elements, respectively, an order of magnitude more accurate than the best theoretical values. This technique can provide needed, accurate matrix elements for many atoms, including those used in atomic clocks, tests of fundamental symmetries, and quantum information. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.243003 C1 [Herold, C. D.; Vaidya, V. D.; Li, X.; Rolston, S. L.; Porto, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Herold, C. D.; Vaidya, V. D.; Li, X.; Rolston, S. L.; Porto, J. V.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Herold, CD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM cherold@umd.edu RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013; Li, Xiao/G-2497-2014 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190; Li, Xiao/0000-0002-0295-4137 FU DARPA's OLE program; ARO Grant [W911NF0910216]; U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST; [NSF-PHY1104472] FX We acknowledge useful discussions with G. K. Campbell, L. A. Orozco, and W. D. Phillips. This work was partially supported by NSF-PHY1104472 and the ARO with funding from DARPA's OLE program and ARO Grant No. W911NF0910216 (DURIP). The work of M. S. S. was performed under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Commerce, NIST. NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 109 IS 24 AR 243003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.243003 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 054UL UT WOS:000312369800003 PM 23368314 ER PT J AU Baker, DJ AF Baker, D. James TI Cloudy Forecast for Weather Satellite Data SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Baker, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM djamesbaker@comcast.net NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 338 IS 6113 BP 1419 EP 1419 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 053DN UT WOS:000312250800022 PM 23239714 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Geiss, R Flannery, CM Bertness, KA Heyliger, PR AF Johnson, W. L. Kim, S. A. Geiss, R. Flannery, C. M. Bertness, K. A. Heyliger, P. R. TI Vibrational modes of GaN nanowires in the gigahertz range SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; VELOCITY DISPERSION-CURVES; NANOMECHANICAL RESONATORS; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ACOUSTIC PHONONS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; QUANTUM WIRES; SYSTEMS; NANOSTRUCTURES; OSCILLATOR AB Brillouin-light-scattering measurements and finite-element modeling of vibrational spectra in the range of 5-40 GHz are presented for an array of monocrystalline GaN nanowires with hexagonal cross sections. Analysis of the spectra is substantially complicated by the presence of a distribution of nanowire diameters. The measurements and calculations reveal a variety of modes with simple flexural, higher-order flexural, approximately 'plane-strain', approximately longitudinal and torsional displacement patterns that are similar to the corresponding modes of isotropic cylinders. The largest peaks in the spectra with acoustic angular wavenumbers in the range of 4 to similar to 15 mu m(-1) were determined to arise from modes with relatively large transverse displacements, consistent with inelastic light scattering arising predominantly from surface ripple. These dominant modes have finite frequencies in the limit of zero wavenumber, corresponding to transverse standing waves. At higher wavenumbers, the spectra provide evidence for increased scattering through elasto-optic coupling, especially with respect to the emergence of a peak from a mode analogous to the longitudinal guided modes of thin films. C1 [Johnson, W. L.; Kim, S. A.; Geiss, R.; Flannery, C. M.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bertness, K. A.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heyliger, P. R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ward.johnson@nist.gov NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 34 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC 14 PY 2012 VL 23 IS 49 AR 495709 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/23/49/495709 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 041WC UT WOS:000311431400031 PM 23149629 ER PT J AU Li, ZL Li, J Li, Y Zhang, Y Schmit, TJ Zhou, LH Goldberg, MD Menzel, WP AF Li, Zhenglong Li, Jun Li, Yue Zhang, Yong Schmit, Timothy J. Zhou, Lihang Goldberg, Mitchell D. Menzel, W. Paul TI Determining diurnal variations of land surface emissivity from geostationary satellites SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; PHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; MODIS; SOUNDER; AIRS; SOIL; VALIDATION; GENERATION AB Infrared (IR) land surface emissivity (LSE) with a high temporal and spatial resolution is very important for deriving other products using IR radiance measurements as well as assimilating IR radiances in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models over land. Retrieved from various satellite instruments, many LSE databases are available for operational and research use. Most are updated only monthly; assuming emissivity does not change within the month. However, laboratory measurements have shown that emissivity increases by 1.7% to 16% when soil moisture content becomes higher, especially in sandy soils in the 8.2-9.2 mm range. And a clearly defined wave-like diurnal pattern of decreasing surface soil moisture during the day and recovery (or increased soil moisture) at night was observed. Therefore, it is expected that LSE possesses a diurnal wave-pattern variation with low values during day time and high values during nighttime. The physically based GOES-R ABI LSE algorithm uniquely exploits the geostationary satellites' high temporal resolution. The algorithm was developed and applied to the radiance measurements from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) on the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Meteosat-8/9. The results over the Sahara Desert show that 8.7 mu m emissivity has a significant diurnal wave-pattern variation, with high values during nighttime and low values during day time. 10.8 mu m emissivity also shows a similar diurnal variation, but with a smaller amplitude compared to 8.7 mu m. 12.0 mu m emissivity has an even weaker diurnal variation, and an opposite pattern as 8.7 and 10.8 mu m. Evidence is provided to demonstrate that the SEVIRI LSE diurnal wave-pattern variations are real, not artifacts from the retrieval algorithm. The impacts of diurnal variations of errors in GFS forecast (temperature and moisture profiles) and in land surface temperature (LST) are analyzed; they are found to be minor compared to the LSE diurnal variations shown by SEVIRI. Citation: Li, Z., J. Li, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, T. J. Schmit, L. Zhou, M. D. Goldberg, and W. P. Menzel (2012), Determining diurnal variations of land surface emissivity from geostationary satellites, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D23302, doi:10.1029/2012JD018279. C1 [Li, Zhenglong; Li, Jun; Li, Yue; Menzel, W. Paul] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Zhang, Yong] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Schmit, Timothy J.; Zhou, Lihang; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Li, ZL (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM zhenglong.li@ssec.wisc.edu RI Li, Zhenglong/A-9375-2013; Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011; Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871; Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU basic research program [2010CB950802]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R algorithm working group (AWG); GOES-R Risk Reduction programs [NA06NES4400002] FX This work is partly supported by basic research program 2010CB950802, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R algorithm working group (AWG) and GOES-R Risk Reduction programs NA06NES4400002. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. The authors would like to specifically thank Andrew K. Heidinger and William C. Straka for providing SEVIRI cloud mask products. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 13 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D23302 DI 10.1029/2012JD018279 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055IK UT WOS:000312408800004 ER PT J AU Paulechka, E Kroenlein, K Kazakov, A Frenkel, M AF Paulechka, E. Kroenlein, K. Kazakov, A. Frenkel, M. TI A Systematic Approach for Development of an OPLS-Like Force Field and Its Application to Hydrofluorocarbons SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID UNITED-ATOM DESCRIPTION; EQUATION-OF-STATE; BIAS MONTE-CARLO; SATURATED PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; TRANS-1,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROPENE HFO-1234ZE(E); PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; TRANSFERABLE POTENTIALS; 2,3,3,3-TETRAFLUOROPROP-1-ENE R1234YF; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CONFORMATIONAL-ANALYSIS AB A systematic, formal approach to optimization of force field parameters for molecular simulations is presented. The procedure is based on response surface mapping methodology that allows simultaneous parameter optimization against multiple property targets while constraining the number of required computationally expensive numerical experiments. The approach was implemented for prediction of vapor-liquid equilibrium properties of alkanes, alkenes, and their fluorinated derivatives via Monte Carlo molecular simulations. To further reduce computational costs, a bootstrap procedure that involves a sequence of parameter optimization for four pairs of compounds (ethane and propane, ethene and propene, perfluoroethane and perfluoropropane, and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and (E)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) was used. The results of simulations utilizing the optimized force field parameters agree well with associated reference equations of state. C1 [Paulechka, E.; Kroenlein, K.; Kazakov, A.; Frenkel, M.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Paulechka, E.] Belarusian State Univ, Dept Chem, Minsk 220030, Byelarus. RP Kroenlein, K (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kenneth.kroenlein@nist.gov NR 63 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 13 PY 2012 VL 116 IS 49 BP 14389 EP 14397 DI 10.1021/jp309119h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 052CT UT WOS:000312176000020 PM 23163401 ER PT J AU Yan, J Liao, GY Gebremichael, M Shedd, R Vallee, DR AF Yan, Jun Liao, Gong-Yi Gebremichael, Mekonnen Shedd, Robert Vallee, David R. TI Characterizing the uncertainty in river stage forecasts conditional on point forecast values SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE PREDICTION; MODELS; PROCESSOR; SYSTEM; GLUE AB Uncertainty information about river level forecast is as important as the forecast itself for forecast users. This paper presents a flexible, statistical approach that processes deterministic forecasts into probabilistic forecasts. The model is a smoothly changing conditional distribution of river stage given point forecast and other information available, such as lagged river level at the time of forecasting. The parametric distribution is a four-parameter skew t distribution, with each parameter modeled as a smooth function of the point forecast and the 1 day ago observed river level. The model was applied to 9 years of daily 6 h lead forecasts and 24 h lead forecasts in the warm season and their matching observations at the Plymouth station on the Pemigewasset River in New Hampshire. For each point forecast, the conditional distribution and resulting prediction intervals provide uncertainty information that are potentially very important to forecast users and algorithm developers in decision making and improvement of forecast quality. Citation: Yan, J., G.-Y. Liao, M. Gebremichael, R. Shedd, and D. R. Vallee (2012), Characterizing the uncertainty in river stage forecasts conditional on point forecast values, Water Resour. Res., 48, W12509, doi:10.1029/2012WR011818. C1 [Yan, Jun; Liao, Gong-Yi] Univ Connecticut, Dept Stat, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yan, Jun] Univ Connecticut, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Gebremichael, Mekonnen] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Shedd, Robert; Vallee, David R.] Natl Weather Serv, NE River Forecast Ctr, Taunton, MA USA. RP Yan, J (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Stat, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM jun.yan@uconn.edu NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD DEC 13 PY 2012 VL 48 AR W12509 DI 10.1029/2012WR011818 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 055FC UT WOS:000312399600002 ER PT J AU Juzeliunas, G Spielman, IB AF Juzeliunas, G. Spielman, I. B. TI Flux lattices reformulated SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE MAGNETIC-FIELDS; OPTICAL LATTICES; GEOMETRIC POTENTIALS; GAUGE POTENTIALS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; GASES; PHASE; SPIN; PHYSICS; ELECTRONS AB We theoretically explore the optical flux lattices produced for ultra-cold atoms subject to laser fields where both the atom-light coupling and the effective detuning are spatially periodic. We analyze the geometric vector potential and the magnetic flux it generates, as well as the accompanying geometric scalar potential. We show how to understand the gauge-dependent Aharonov-Bohm singularities in the vector potential, and calculate the continuous magnetic flux through the elementary cell in terms of these singularities. The analysis is illustrated with a square optical flux lattice. We conclude with an explicit laser configuration yielding such a lattice using a set of five properly chosen beams with two counterpropagating pairs (one along the x axes and the other along the y axes), together with a single beam along the z-axis. We show that this lattice is not phase-stable, and identify the one phase-difference that affects the magnetic flux. Thus armed with a realistic laser setup, we directly compute the Chern number of the lowest Bloch band to identify the region where the non-zero magnetic flux produces a topologically non-trivial band structure. C1 [Juzeliunas, G.] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Juzeliunas, G (reprint author), Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, A Gostauto 12, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM Gediminas.Juzeliunas@tfai.vu.lt; ian.spielman@nist.gov FU Research Council of Lithuania [MIP-082/2012]; NSF through the PFC at JQI; ARO through Atomtronics MURI; ARO through DARPA OLE Program FX We acknowledge helpful discussions with Jean Dalibard, Nigel Cooper, Tilman Esslinger, Janne Ruostekoski, Julius Ruseckas, Algirdas Mekys and Simonas Grubinskas. In addition, we appreciate a careful reading by L J LeBlanc. GJ acknowledges support from the Research Council of Lithuania (grant no. MIP-082/2012). IBS acknowledges financial support from the NSF through the PFC at JQI, and the ARO through funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and the DARPA OLE Program. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD DEC 12 PY 2012 VL 14 AR 123022 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/14/12/123022 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 056KB UT WOS:000312486600004 ER PT J AU Fan, SM Schwarz, JP Liu, J Fahey, DW Ginoux, P Horowitz, LW Levy, H Ming, Y Spackman, JR AF Fan, S. -M. Schwarz, J. P. Liu, J. Fahey, D. W. Ginoux, P. Horowitz, L. W. Levy, H., II Ming, Y. Spackman, J. R. TI Inferring ice formation processes from global-scale black carbon profiles observed in the remote atmosphere and model simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; MINERAL DUST; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; CIRRUS CLOUDS; AEROSOL; NUCLEATION; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE AB Black carbon (BC) aerosol absorbs solar radiation and can act as cloud condensation nucleus and ice formation nucleus. The current generation of climate models have difficulty in accurately predicting global-scale BC concentrations. Previously, an ensemble of such models was compared to measurements, revealing model biases in the tropical troposphere and in the polar troposphere. Here global aerosol distributions are simulated using different parameterizations of wet removal, and model results are compared to BC profiles observed in the remote atmosphere to explore the possible sources of these biases. The model-data comparison suggests a slow removal of BC aerosol during transport to the Arctic in winter and spring, because ice crystal growth causes evaporation of liquid cloud via the Bergeron process and, hence, release of BC aerosol back to ambient air. By contrast, more efficient model wet removal is needed in the cold upper troposphere over the tropical Pacific. Parcel model simulations with detailed droplet and ice nucleation and growth processes suggest that ice formation in this region may be suppressed due to a lack of ice nuclei (mainly insoluble dust particles) in the remote atmosphere, allowing liquid and mixed-phase clouds to persist under freezing temperatures, and forming liquid precipitation capable of removing aerosol incorporated in cloud water. Falling ice crystals can scavenge droplets in lower clouds, which also results in efficient removal of cloud condensation nuclei. The combination of models with global-scale BC measurements in this study has provided new, latitude-dependent information on ice formation processes in the atmosphere, and highlights the importance of a consistent treatment of aerosol and moist physics in climate models. Citation: Fan, S.-M., J. P. Schwarz, J. Liu, D. W. Fahey, P. Ginoux, L. W. Horowitz, H. Levy II, Y. Ming, and J. R. Spackman (2012), Inferring ice formation processes from global-scale black carbon profiles observed in the remote atmosphere and model simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 117, D23205, doi:10.1029/2012JD018126. C1 [Fan, S. -M.; Ginoux, P.; Horowitz, L. W.; Levy, H., II; Ming, Y.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Fahey, D. W.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liu, J.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fan, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM songmiao.fan@noaa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 75 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 12 PY 2012 VL 117 AR D23205 DI 10.1029/2012JD018126 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 055II UT WOS:000312408600002 ER EF