FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT S AU Daily, D Holmberg, D Baras, J AF Daily, David Holmberg, David Baras, John GP IEEE TI Correlating Photovoltaic Clear-Sky and Actual Output to Sky Cover Measurements SO 2013 IEEE 39TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE (PVSC) SE IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 16-21, 2013 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Electron Devices Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Photon Soc, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Power & Energy Soc, US Photovolta Mfg Consort, AZoCleantech Com, Latin Amer Renovable, Photovolta Int, PVTech, Solar Novus Today & Photon, Photon DE buildings; correlation; photovoltaic; sky cover; sky condition ID FORECAST DATABASE AB As distributed energy resources are added to building systems, and variable priced electricity tariffs are introduced, facility owners may profit from understanding the expected performance of their building systems. Hourly, forecast energy generation data from photovoltaic sources allows owners to manage energy storage and consumption for their optimal benefit. This paper documents an empirical method which uses publicly-available sky cover observations to estimate the output of a photovoltaic (PV) array. Two functions are developed which together relate PV array output to sky cover observations reported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service (NWS) for a nearby airport. Results are evaluated by comparison of estimated PV array output with actual output. Results show this approach can produce useful estimates of hourly and daily PV system output which may be applied to forecast weather data in order to manage PV array outputs. Although some large deviations are observed between forecast and actual PV output, the method presented uses data that would be available to a building owner with insufficient on-site instrumentation beyond a meter. C1 [Daily, David; Baras, John] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Holmberg, David] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Daily, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0160-8371 BN 978-1-4799-3299-3 J9 IEEE PHOT SPEC CONF PY 2013 BP 964 EP 968 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA BB0AV UT WOS:000340054100213 ER PT J AU Gouglidis, A Mavridis, I Hu, VC AF Gouglidis, Antonios Mavridis, Ioannis Hu, Vincent C. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Verification of Secure Inter-operation Properties in Multi-domain RBAC Systems SO 2013 IEEE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE SECURITY AND RELIABILITY - COMPANION (SERE-C) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Security and Reliability (SERE) CY JUN 18-20, 2013 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP IEEE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, IEEE Reliabil Soc, IEEE Comp Soc DE Verification; model checking; multi-domain; RBAC; secure inter-operation; temporal logic ID ACCESS-CONTROL POLICIES; CHECKING; MODEL AB The increased complexity of modern access control (AC) systems stems partly from the need to support diverse and multiple administrative domains. Systems engineering is a key technology to manage this complexity since it is capable of assuring that an operational system will adhere to the initial conceptual design and defined requirements. Specifically, the verification stage of an AC system should be based on techniques that have a sound and mathematical underpinning. Working on this assumption, model checking techniques are applied for the verification of predefined system properties, and thus, conducting a security analysis of a system. In this paper, we propose the utilization of automated and error-free model checking techniques for the verification of security properties in multidomain AC systems. Therefore, we propose a formal definition in temporal logic of four AC system properties regarding secure inter-operation with Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) policies in order to be verified by using model checking. For this purpose, we demonstrate the implementation of a tool chain for expressing RBAC security policies, reasoning on role hierarchies and properly feeding the model checking process. The proposed approach can be applied in any RBAC model to efficiently detect non-conformance between an AC system and its security specifications. As a proof of concept, we provide examples illustrating the verification of the defined secure inter-operation properties in multi-domain RBAC policies. C1 [Gouglidis, Antonios; Mavridis, Ioannis] Univ Macedonia, Dept Appl Informat, 156 Egnatia Str, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece. [Hu, Vincent C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gouglidis, A (reprint author), Univ Macedonia, Dept Appl Informat, 156 Egnatia Str, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece. EM agougl@uom.gr; mavridis@uom.gr; vincent.hu@nist.gov FU Research Committee of the University of Macedonia, Greece FX This work has been (partially) funded by the Research Committee of the University of Macedonia, Greece NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-5030-5 PY 2013 BP 36 EP 45 DI 10.1109/SERE-C.2013.25 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BB1QF UT WOS:000341264000006 ER PT J AU Delaitre, A Okun, V Fong, E AF Delaitre, Aurelien Okun, Vadim Fong, Elizabeth GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Of Massive Static Analysis Data SO 2013 IEEE 7TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE SECURITY AND RELIABILITY - COMPANION (SERE-C) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Security and Reliability (SERE) CY JUN 18-20, 2013 CL Gaithersburg, MD SP IEEE, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, IEEE Reliabil Soc, IEEE Comp Soc DE software metrics; static analysis tools; security weaknesses; tool effectiveness; tool independence AB The Software Assurance Metrics and Tool Evaluation (SAMATE) project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has organized four Static Analysis Tool Expositions (SATE). SATE is designed to advance research in static analysis tools that find security-relevant defects in source code. Briefly, participating tool makers run their tools on a set of programs. Researchers led by NIST analyze the tool outputs. The results and experiences are reported at a workshop. These expositions have accumulated large amounts of data. This collection allowed for the development and validation of practical metrics in regard to static analysis tool effectiveness and independence. In this paper, we discuss the role of the data in determining which metrics can be derived. Specifically, we detail the three characteristics test data should exhibit and explain why the data we use express each combination of two out of these three properties. C1 [Delaitre, Aurelien] W Virginia Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Okun, Vadim; Fong, Elizabeth] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, IT Lab, Software & Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Delaitre, A (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM aurelien.delaitre@nist.gov; vadim.okun@nist.gov; efong@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-5030-5 PY 2013 BP 164 EP 168 DI 10.1109/SERE-C.2013.10 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BB1QF UT WOS:000341264000022 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA Park, KJ AF Kedzierski, M. A. Park, K. -J. TI HORIZONTAL CONVECTIVE BOILING OF R134A, R1234YF/R134A, AND R1234ZE(E) WITHIN A MICRO-FIN TUBE SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE flow boiling; extended surface; enhanced heat transfer; low-GWP refrigerant; refrigerant mixtures ID EVAPORATION HEAT-TRANSFER; PRESSURE-DROP; FLOW PATTERN; SMOOTH TUBE; CONDENSATION; REFRIGERANTS; MIXTURE AB This paper presents local convective boiling measurements in a micro-fin tube for R134a and two low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants: R1234yf/R134a (56/44% mass) and R1234ze(E). The heat-transfer coefficients of the three test fluids were compared at the same heat flux, saturated refrigerant temperature, and refrigerant mass flux using an existing correlation from the literature. The resulting comparison showed that refrigerant R134a exhibited the highest heat-transfer performance in large part due to its higher thermal conductivity compared to the tested low-GWP refrigerants. For the example case presented here, the heat-transfer coefficient for R1234yf/R134a (56/44) remained within 5% of the heat-transfer coefficient for R134a, having essentially identical performance for qualities less than 30%. The heat-transfer coefficient for R1234ze(E) is roughly 700 kW/K-1 . m(-2) (approximately 14%) less than that of R134a for qualities greater than 30%. The smaller heat-transfer coefficient of R1234ze(E) compared to that of R134a is primarily due to the 11% smaller thermal conductivity and the 21% smaller reduced pressure compared to R134a at this test temperature. C1 [Kedzierski, M. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Park, K. -J.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon 305353, South Korea. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Kedzierski@NIST.GOV FU NIST FX This work was funded by NIST. The authors thank Dr. P. Domanski and Dr. A. Persily from NIST, and Dr. D. Han from LACC-JNK, Inc., for their constructive criticism of the first draft of the paper. Thanks also go to Wolverine Tube, Inc., for supplying the Turbo-A, micro-fin tube for the test section, and to Dupont and Honeywell for supplying the R1234yf/R134a (56/44) and R1234ze(E) test refrigerants, respectively. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 4 BP 333 EP 346 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA AO0DH UT WOS:000340978800004 ER PT B AU Freiman, SW Fong, JT AF Freiman, Stephen W. Fong, Jeffrey T. BE Somiya, S TI Determination of the Mechanical Reliability of Brittle Materials SO HANDBOOK OF ADVANCED CERAMICS: MATERIALS, APPLICATIONS, PROCESSING, AND PROPERTIES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FAILURE PREDICTION; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; GLASS; FATIGUE C1 [Freiman, Stephen W.] Freiman Consulting, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. [Fong, Jeffrey T.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Freiman, SW (reprint author), Freiman Consulting, Potomac, MD 20854 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-385470-4; 978-0-12-385469-8 PY 2013 BP 675 EP 680 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-385469-8.00036-8 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BA8AR UT WOS:000337926500036 ER PT B AU Griffis, R Howard, J AF Griffis, Roger Howard, Jennifer BA Griffis, R Howard, J BF Griffis, R Howard, J TI Oceans and Marine Resources in a Changing Climate A Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment Introduction SO OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Griffis, Roger; Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-422-8; 978-1-61091-480-2 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 1 EP + DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_1 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 PG 69 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BA8CX UT WOS:000337975200001 ER PT B AU Griffis, R Howard, J AF Griffis, Roger Howard, Jennifer BA Griffis, R Howard, J BF Griffis, R Howard, J TI Climate-Driven Physical and Chemical Changes in Marine Ecosystems SO OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Griffis, Roger; Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-422-8; 978-1-61091-480-2 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 7 EP 34 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_2 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 PG 28 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BA8CX UT WOS:000337975200002 ER PT B AU Griffis, R Howard, J AF Griffis, Roger Howard, Jennifer BA Griffis, R Howard, J BF Griffis, R Howard, J TI Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Organisms SO OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Griffis, Roger; Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-422-8; 978-1-61091-480-2 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 35 EP 63 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_3 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BA8CX UT WOS:000337975200003 ER PT B AU Griffis, R Howard, J AF Griffis, Roger Howard, Jennifer BA Griffis, R Howard, J BF Griffis, R Howard, J TI Impacts of Climate Change on Human Uses of the Ocean and Ocean Services SO OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Griffis, Roger; Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-422-8; 978-1-61091-480-2 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 64 EP 118 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_4 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 PG 55 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BA8CX UT WOS:000337975200004 ER PT B AU Griffis, R Howard, J AF Griffis, Roger Howard, Jennifer BA Griffis, R Howard, J BF Griffis, R Howard, J TI International Implications of Climate Change SO OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Griffis, Roger; Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. OI Himes-Cornell, Amber/0000-0003-3695-2241 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-422-8; 978-1-61091-480-2 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 119 EP 139 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_5 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BA8CX UT WOS:000337975200005 ER PT B AU Griffis, R Howard, J AF Griffis, Roger Howard, Jennifer BA Griffis, R Howard, J BF Griffis, R Howard, J TI Ocean Management Challenges, Adaptation Approaches, and Opportunities in a Changing Climate SO OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Griffis, Roger; Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-422-8; 978-1-61091-480-2 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 140 EP 155 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_6 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BA8CX UT WOS:000337975200006 ER PT B AU Griffis, R Howard, J AF Griffis, Roger Howard, Jennifer BA Griffis, R Howard, J BF Griffis, R Howard, J TI Sustaining the Assessment of Climate Impacts on Oceans and Marine Resources SO OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Griffis, Roger; Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. OI Helmuth, Brian/0000-0003-0180-3414 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-422-8; 978-1-61091-480-2 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 156 EP 159 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2_7 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BA8CX UT WOS:000337975200007 ER PT B AU Griffis, R Howard, J AF Griffis, Roger Howard, Jennifer BA Griffis, R Howard, J BF Griffis, R Howard, J TI Status of and Climate Change Impacts to Commercial, Recreational, and Subsistence Fisheries in the US SO OCEANS AND MARINE RESOURCES IN A CHANGING CLIMATE: A TECHNICAL INPUT TO THE 2013 NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Griffis, Roger; Howard, Jennifer] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Griffis, R (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-59726-422-8; 978-1-61091-480-2 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 160 EP 186 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-480-2 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA BA8CX UT WOS:000337975200008 ER PT B AU Hamadani, BH Haney, PM Zhitenev, NB AF Hamadani, Behrang H. Haney, Paul M. Zhitenev, Nikolai B. BE Bonnell, DA Kalinin, SV TI IMAGING OF NANOSCALE PHOTOGENERATED CHARGE TRANSPORT IN ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC MATERIALS SO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY FOR ENERGY RESEARCH SE World Scientific Series in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SELF-ORGANIZATION; PROBE MICROSCOPY; BLENDS; MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOCURRENT; EVOLUTION C1 [Hamadani, Behrang H.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haney, Paul M.; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhitenev, NB (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4434-71-3; 978-981-4434-70-6 J9 WOR SCI SER NANO PY 2013 VL 7 BP 207 EP 226 D2 10.1142/8613 PG 20 WC Energy & Fuels; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Microscopy SC Energy & Fuels; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Microscopy GA BA6IZ UT WOS:000337156100008 ER PT B AU Steenburgh, WJ Redmond, KT Kunkel, KE Doesken, N Gillies, RR Horel, JD Hoerling, MP Painter, TH AF Steenburgh, W. James Redmond, Kelly T. Kunkel, Kenneth E. Doesken, Nolan Gillies, Robert R. Horel, John D. Hoerling, Martin P. Painter, Thomas H. BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Present Weather and Climate: Average Conditions SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICAN-MONSOON; ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; METEOROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; BIG THOMPSON; HEAT-WAVE; CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY C1 [Steenburgh, W. James; Horel, John D.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Redmond, Kelly T.] Western Reg Climate Ctr, Reno, NV USA. [Redmond, Kelly T.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Doesken, Nolan] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Gillies, Robert R.] Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Steenburgh, WJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 56 EP 73 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_4 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900004 ER PT B AU Hoerling, MP Dettinger, M Wolter, K Lukas, J Eischeid, J Nemani, R Liebmann, B Kunkel, KE AF Hoerling, Martin P. Dettinger, Michael Wolter, Klaus Lukas, Jeff Eischeid, Jon Nemani, Rama Liebmann, Brant Kunkel, Kenneth E. BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Present Weather and Climate: Evolving Conditions SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; COLORADO RIVER; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; NORTH-AMERICA; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; CHANGING CLIMATE; WATER-RESOURCES; SNOWMELT RUNOFF; SIERRA-NEVADA C1 [Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Dettinger, Michael] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Wolter, Klaus; Lukas, Jeff; Eischeid, Jon; Liebmann, Brant] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nemani, Rama] NASA, Ames, IA USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Hoerling, MP (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 74 EP 100 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_5 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900005 ER PT B AU Cayan, DR Tyree, M Kunkel, KE Castro, C Gershunov, A Barsugli, J Ray, AJ Overpeck, J Anderson, M Russell, J Rajagopalan, B Rangwala, I Duffy, P AF Cayan, Daniel R. Tyree, Mary Kunkel, Kenneth E. Castro, Chris Gershunov, Alexander Barsugli, Joseph Ray, Andrea J. Overpeck, Jonathan Anderson, Michael Russell, Joellen Rajagopalan, Balaji Rangwala, Imtiaz Duffy, Phil BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Future Climate: Projected Average SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; WINTER CYCLONE FREQUENCIES; MODELING SYSTEM RAMS; WATER-RESOURCES; MONSOON PRECIPITATION; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; SUMMER CLIMATE; CHANGE IMPACTS; DIURNAL CYCLE C1 [Cayan, Daniel R.; Tyree, Mary; Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Castro, Chris; Overpeck, Jonathan; Russell, Joellen] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Barsugli, Joseph] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ray, Andrea J.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Anderson, Michael] Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rangwala, Imtiaz] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Duffy, Phil] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Cayan, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI BARSUGLI, JOSEPH/K-3541-2015 OI Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056; BARSUGLI, JOSEPH/0000-0002-3078-6396 NR 64 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 6 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 101 EP 125 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_6 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900006 ER PT B AU Gershunov, A Rajagopalan, B Overpeck, J Guirguis, K Cayan, D Hughes, M Dettinger, M Castro, C Schwartz, RE Anderson, M Ray, AJ Barsugli, J Cavazos, T Alexander, M AF Gershunov, Alexander Rajagopalan, Balaji Overpeck, Jonathan Guirguis, Kristen Cayan, Dan Hughes, Mimi Dettinger, Michael Castro, Chris Schwartz, Rachel E. Anderson, Michael Ray, Andrea J. Barsugli, Joe Cavazos, Tereza Alexander, Michael BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Future Climate: Projected Extremes SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; DAILY PRECIPITATION; NORTH-AMERICA; CALIFORNIA; ENSO; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; IMPACTS; EVENTS; TRENDS C1 [Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Rajagopalan, Balaji] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan; Castro, Chris] Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Guirguis, Kristen; Cayan, Dan; Schwartz, Rachel E.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. [Hughes, Mimi; Ray, Andrea J.; Alexander, Michael] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Dettinger, Michael] US Geol Survey, Reston, VA USA. [Barsugli, Joe] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cavazos, Tereza] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. RP Gershunov, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RI Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009; BARSUGLI, JOSEPH/K-3541-2015 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289; BARSUGLI, JOSEPH/0000-0002-3078-6396 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 126 EP 147 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_7 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900007 ER PT B AU Caldwell, MR Hartge, EH Ewing, LC Griggs, G Kelly, RP Moser, SC Newkirk, SG Smyth, RA Woodson, CB AF Caldwell, Margaret R. Hartge, Eric H. Ewing, Lesley C. Griggs, Gary Kelly, Ryan P. Moser, Susanne C. Newkirk, Sarah G. Smyth, Rebecca A. Woodson, C. Brock BE Garfin, G Jardine, A Merideth, R Black, M LeRoy, S TI Coastal Issues SO ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTHWEST UNITED STATES: A REPORT PREPARED FOR THE NATIONAL CLIMATE ASSESSMENT SE NCA Regional Input Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; UNITED-STATES; ECOSYSTEMS; BEACHES; IMPACTS; HABITAT; FUTURE C1 [Caldwell, Margaret R.] Stanford Law Sch, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Hartge, Eric H.; Kelly, Ryan P.; Woodson, C. Brock] Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA USA. [Ewing, Lesley C.] Calif Coastal Commiss, San Francisco, CA USA. [Griggs, Gary] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Moser, Susanne C.] Stanford Univ, Susanne Moser Res & Consulting, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Newkirk, Sarah G.] Nature Conservancy, Bethesda, MD USA. [Smyth, Rebecca A.] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Caldwell, MR (reprint author), Stanford Law Sch, Stanford Woods Inst Environm, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 102 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ISLAND PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 1718 CONNECTICUT AVE NW, SUITE 300, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA BN 978-1-61091-484-0; 978-1-59726-420-4 J9 NCA REGION INPUT REP PY 2013 BP 168 EP 196 DI 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0_9 D2 10.5822/978-1-61091-484-0 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Geography; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography GA BA8DA UT WOS:000337976900009 ER PT S AU Strom, M Paranjpye, RN Nilsson, WB Turner, JW Yanagida, GK AF Strom, M. Paranjpye, R. N. Nilsson, W. B. Turner, J. W. Yanagida, G. K. BE Sofos, J TI Pathogen update: Vibrio species SO ADVANCES IN MICROBIAL FOOD SAFETY, VOL 1 SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Vibrio; seafood; shellfish; oysters; virulence; prediction ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HIGH HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; VULNIFICUS BIOTYPE 2; SECRETION SYSTEM 2; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS STRAINS; IN-VITRO; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; GENOME SEQUENCE AB Members of the genus Vibrio are common inhabitants of the marine environment, associated with vertebrate and invertebrate animals. Some species cause foodborne illness from seafood such as undercooked or raw fish and shellfish. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge for the human pathogenic Vibrio species. V. parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of bacterial seafood-borne illness worldwide, while V. vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood-related deaths. While much research has ascertained potential mechanisms of virulence and contributed to a variety of mitigation strategies, there is a need to improve methods to assess risk and to develop improved early warning systems for public health and resource managers. C1 [Strom, M.; Paranjpye, R. N.; Nilsson, W. B.; Turner, J. W.; Yanagida, G. K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Strom, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.strom@noaa.gov NR 115 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-0-85709-874-0; 978-0-85709-438-4 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2013 IS 259 BP 97 EP 113 DI 10.1533/9780857098740.2.97 D2 10.1533/9780857098740 PG 17 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BA8JM UT WOS:000338202800005 ER PT S AU Iftikhar, S Godil, A AF Iftikhar, Saadia Godil, Afzal BE Verikas, A Vuksanovic, B Zhou, J TI Feature Measures for the Segmentation of Neuronal Membrane using a Machine Learning Algorithm SO SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE VISION (ICMV 2013) SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV) CY NOV 16-17, 2013 CL London, ENGLAND SP Sichuan Univ, Huazhong Normal Univ, Aim Shams Univ, Singapore Inst Elect, Univ Portsmouth, China Commun, Sci & Engn Inst DE Neuronal membrane segmentation; machine learning; image morphology; feature selection AB In this paper, we present a Support Vector Machine (SVM) based pixel classifier for a semi-automated segmentation algorithm to detect neuronal membrane structures in stacks of electron microscopy images of brain tissue samples. This algorithm uses high-dimensional feature spaces extracted from center-surrounded patches, and some distinct edge sensitive features for each pixel in the image, and a training dataset for the segmentation of neuronal membrane structures and background. Some threshold conditions are later applied to remove small regions, which are below a certain threshold criteria, and morphological operations, such as the filling of the detected objects, are done to get compactness in the objects. The performance of the segmentation method is calculated on the unseen data by using three distinct error measures: pixel error, wrapping error, and rand error, and also a pixel by pixel accuracy measure with their respective ground-truth. The trained SVM classifier achieves the best precision level in these three distinct errors at 0.23, 0.016 and 0.15, respectively; while the best accuracy using pixel by pixel measure reaches 77% on the given dataset The results presented here are one step further towards exploring possible ways to solve these hard problems, such as segmentation in medical image analysis. In the future, we plan to extend it as a 3D segmentation approach for 3D datasets to not only retain the topological structures in the dataset but also for the ease of further analysis. C1 [Iftikhar, Saadia; Godil, Afzal] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iftikhar, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9996-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 9067 AR 90671A DI 10.1117/12.2050933 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BA9CU UT WOS:000339220200031 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Network Evolutions, Applications and Their Synchronization Requirements SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CARRIER ETHERNET; BACKHAUL C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP 1 EP 31 D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 31 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400003 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecoms Next Generation Synchronization Networks Foreword SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP XI EP XIV D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400001 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Synchronization Technologies SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP 33 EP 110 D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 78 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400004 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Synchronous Ethernet and IEEE 1588 in Telecoms Next Generation Synchronization Networks Introduction SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP XXXIII EP LI D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 19 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400002 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Synchronization Network Architectures in Packet Networks SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP 111 EP 147 D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 37 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400005 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Synchronization Design and Deployments SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP 149 EP 238 D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 90 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400006 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Management and Monitoring of Synchronization Networks SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP 239 EP 253 D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400007 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Security Aspects Impacting Synchronization SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP 255 EP 286 D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 32 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400008 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Test and Measurement Aspects of Packet Synchronization Networks SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP 287 EP 327 D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 41 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400009 ER PT J AU Weiss, M AF Weiss, Marc BA Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S BF Ferrant, JL Gilson, M Jobert, S Mayer, M Montini, L Ouellette, M Rodrigues, S Ruffini, S TI Standards in Telecom Packet Networks Using Synchronous Ethernet and/or IEEE 1588 SO SYNCHRONOUS ETHERNET AND IEEE 1588 IN TELECOMS: NEXT GENERATION SYNCHRONIZATION NETWORKS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Weiss, Marc] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84821-443-9 PY 2013 BP 329 EP 340 D2 10.1002/9781118580080 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA5VI UT WOS:000337033400010 ER PT S AU Litorja, M Chang, R Hwang, J Allen, DW Zuzak, K Wehner, E Best, S Livingston, E Cadeddu, J AF Litorja, Maritoni Chang, Robert Hwang, Jeeseong Allen, David W. Zuzak, Karel Wehner, Eleanor Best, Sara Livingston, Edward Cadeddu, Jeffrey BE Welch, WJ Palm, F Bruley, DF Harrison, DK TI Calibration and Validation Scheme for In Vivo Spectroscopic Imaging of Tissue Oxygenation SO OXYGEN TRANSPORT TO TISSUE XXXIV SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Conference of the International-Society-on-Oxygen-Transport-to-Tissue (ISOTT) CY JUL 24-27, 2011 CL Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC SP AstraZeneca, Georgetown Howard Univ, Ctr Clin & Translat Sci, Georgetown Univ Med Ctr, Georgetown Univ, Ctr Hypertens, Kidney & Vasc Res, Georgetown Univ, Dept Med, Genzyme, ADInstruments HO Georgetown Univ DE Spectroscopic imaging; Tissue oxygenation ID PERFUSION; SYSTEM AB The determination of the level of oxygenation in optically accessible tissues using multispectral or hyperspectral imaging (HSI) of oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin has special appeal in clinical work due to its noninvasiveness, ease of use, and capability of providing molecular and anatomical information at near video rates during surgery. In this paper we refer to an example of the use of HSI in monitoring oxygenation of kidneys during partial nephrectomy. In a study using porcine models, it was found that artery-only clamping left the kidney better oxygenated, as opposed to simultaneously clamping the artery and the vein. A subsequent study correlates gradations in blood flow by partial clamping during the surgical procedure with postoperative renal function via assessment of creatinine level. We discuss the various contributions to the uncertainty of the oxygen saturation measured by this remote-sensing imaging technique in medical application. C1 [Litorja, Maritoni; Chang, Robert; Hwang, Jeeseong; Allen, David W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zuzak, Karel] Digital Light Innovat, Dallas, TX USA. [Wehner, Eleanor; Best, Sara; Livingston, Edward; Cadeddu, Jeffrey] Univ Texas SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA. RP Litorja, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8443, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM litorja@nist.gov FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Award; UTSW Dept. of Urology FX The NIST work is funded by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science Award. The clinical research is funded by the UTSW Dept. of Urology. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 978-1-4614-4989-8; 978-1-4614-4771-9 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2013 VL 765 BP 123 EP 129 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4989-8_18 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Physiology; Respiratory System SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Physiology; Respiratory System GA BA9DW UT WOS:000339280100019 PM 22879024 ER PT S AU Viereck, R Kunches, J Codrescu, M Steenburgh, R AF Viereck, Rodney Kunches, Joseph Codrescu, Mihail Steenburgh, Robert BE Huba, J Schunk, R Khazanov, G TI Customers and Requirements for Ionosphere Products and Services SO MODELING THE IONOSPHERE-THERMOSPHERE SYSTEM SE Geophysical Monograph Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT AGU Chapman Conference on Modeling the Ionosphere/Thermosphere System CY MAY 06-12, 2011 CL Charleston, SC SP AGU ID MODEL; STORM AB Many space weather impacts on the terrestrial environment result from changes in the ionosphere. Some systems, such as HF radio communication systems, are impacted by enhancements in the D region ionospheric densities. Other systems are impacted by changes in the E and F regions. Other systems, such as single-frequency GPS or Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), are affected by changes in the total height-integrated electron content. While dual-frequency GPS/GNSS systems provide corrections for many different types of ionospheric variability, they are susceptible to small-scale ionospheric irregularities that cause scintillation of the signal. This report presents an overview of space weather that affects the ionosphere. Ionospheric impacts on various technical systems and the requirements of different customer types for ionospheric services that rely on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) for specification and forecasts of the space environment will also be presented. An overview of the current products in operations and in development will be discussed, and a new section within SWPC, the Space Weather Prediction Testbed, will be described. The testbed is where new products and models are tested and validated to assess their performance and their utility to customers and the Forecast Office. C1 [Viereck, Rodney; Kunches, Joseph; Codrescu, Mihail; Steenburgh, Robert] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Viereck, R (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Rodney.Viereck@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-70441-7; 978-0-87590-490-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2013 VL 201 BP 299 EP 307 DI 10.1029/2012GM001290 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA8FV UT WOS:000338043600025 ER PT S AU Nazare, S Davis, RD AF Nazare, S. Davis, R. D. BE Kilinc, FS TI Flame retardancy testing and regulation of soft furnishings SO HANDBOOK OF FIRE RESISTANT TEXTILES SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE flammability standards and regulations; mattresses; upholstered furniture; barrier fabrics; test methods; flame retardance; fire threat; heat release rate ID FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM; UPHOLSTERED FURNITURE; CIGARETTE IGNITION; HEAT RELEASE; FLAMMABILITY; COMBUSTION; MATTRESSES; TEXTILES; COATINGS; CHAIRS AB Over the past three decades, the landscape of soft furnishing-related fires has significantly changed. New fire performance regulations and standards have been mandated to reduce the fire threat of soft furnishings. New materials, constructions, and designs have been used to meet the consumers changing comfort, aesthetic needs, and regulatory requirements. This chapter focuses on soft furnishing flammability regulations and their impact on fire statistics, factors contributing to flammability of soft furnishings, and various fire blocking technologies used to reduce fire threat of soft furnishings. Fire barrier fabrics are expected to play an increasingly important role in complying with existing and proposed soft furnishing flammability regulations. Various fire blocking technologies are discussed in this report with respect to material type, fiber content, and fire blocking mechanisms. Future trends in fire blocking materials are also briefly described. C1 [Nazare, S.; Davis, R. D.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nazare, S (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-0803 BN 978-0-85709-893-1; 978-0-85709-123-9 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL SER TE PY 2013 IS 140 BP 456 EP 498 DI 10.1533/9780857098931.3.456 PG 43 WC Materials Science, Textiles SC Materials Science GA BA3TO UT WOS:000334793600018 ER PT S AU Shrestha, P Ochia, A Cheung, KP Campbell, JP Vaz, C Kim, JH Baumgart, H Harris, G AF Shrestha, P. Ochia, A. Cheung, K. P. Campbell, J. P. Vaz, C. Kim, J-H. Baumgart, H. Harris, G. BE Shingubara, S Karim, Z Suzuki, Y Akinaga, H Kobayashi, K Takaura, N TI Current Compliance Circuit to Improve Variation in ON State Characteristics and to Minimize RESET Current SO NONVOLATILE MEMORIES SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Nonvolatile Memories held during the PRiME Joint International Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society and the Electrochemical-Society-of-Japan CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Honolulu, HI SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Korean Electrochem Soc, Royal Australian Chem Inst, Electrochemistry Div, Chinese Soc Electrochemistry, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Elect & Photon Div AB The wide distribution of ON and OFF values and high SET current in resistive memory is attributed to the high current overshoot during the SET process. In this paper we show a circuit which is capable of precisely limiting the current during SET process. The circuit can achieve an overshoot free SET current as low as 20 mu A within 500 ps. This results in less than 200 mu A of device RESET current while maintaining a relatively large R-ON/R-OFF ratio greater than 10(4). C1 [Shrestha, P.; Ochia, A.; Cheung, K. P.; Campbell, J. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shrestha, P.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Baumgart, H.] Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Ochia, A.; Harris, G.] Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Shrestha, P (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kin.cheung@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-422-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2013 VL 50 IS 34 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1149/05034.0011ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Physics GA BA8GN UT WOS:000338081400002 ER PT S AU Azari, H Mohseni, A AF Azari, Haleh Mohseni, Alaeddin GP DEStech Publicat, Inc TI Effect of Short-Term Conditioning and Long-Term Aging on Permanent Deformation Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures SO ASPHALT PAVING TECHNOLOGY 2013, VOL 82 SE Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Association-of-Asphalt-Paving-Technologists (AAPT) CY APR 07-10, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP Assoc Asphalt Paving Technologists DE asphalt mixtures; rutting; permanent deformation; repeated load; strain rate; short-term conditioning; long-term aging AB Quantification of the effect of short-term conditioning and long-term aging on the permanent deformation properties of asphalt mixtures is important for a reasonable estimation of rutting in the field. As the asphalt industry continues to develop more sophisticated mixtures, measuring the effect of short-term conditioning and long-term aging on performance becomes even more critical. Significantly more pavements are being built with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), Shingles (RAS), and warm mix asphalts, which may age very differently from mixtures with virgin asphalt. The use of warm mix asphalt in particular is rapidly increasing, which tends to soften the mixture in the early life of the pavement and impose a complex challenge for determining appropriate laboratory and field conditioning. For these reasons, it is critical that more precise determination of the effect of aging on permanent deformation properties of asphalt mixtures be made. This study proposes a new methodology that could be used in conjunction with the design of conventional asphalt mixtures and any new asphalt technology. Using the Incremental Repeated Load Permanent Deformation (iRLPD) test, which is the basis of the new methodology, the effect of short-term conditioning and long-term aging on the permanent deformation properties of asphalt specimens can be evaluated. The minimum strain rate (MSR) property from the iRLPD test, measured before and after the aging process, will show the rate of aging and rate of change in the mixtures' rutting performance. In this study, six mixtures were tested according to the iRLPD procedure and the aging effect on permanent deformation properties of the mixtures was quantified. It is shown that different asphalt mixtures age in very different ways and this will significantly affect their short-term and long-term rutting performances. In addition, it was found that there exists a significant interdependence between short-term conditioning and long-term aging of asphalt mixtures. Thus, adequate short-term conditioning is important for acceptable long-term rutting performance. The MSR master curve from the iRLPD test provided the necessary information for estimating rutting, considering the effect of temperature, tire pressure, and aging. In this respect, rut depths of the six mixtures were estimated using the hourly pavement temperatures for a 20-year period. C1 [Azari, Haleh; Mohseni, Alaeddin] NIST, AASHTO Adv Pavement Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Azari, H (reprint author), NIST, AASHTO Adv Pavement Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU Construction Materials Reference Laboratory FX The authors would like to thank Steve Lenker, the Director of the Construction Materials Reference Laboratory, for his support throughout this study. The authors wish to acknowledge Frank Fee for coordinating the acquisition of the materials for this study. The efforts of State DOT and private agencies, which provided the materials and the corresponding mixture designs, are most appreciated. The agencies are Florida Department of Transportation, Gainesville; North Carolina Department of Transportation; Heritage Research Group, Indiana; MTE Construction, Wisconsin; and California Department of Transportation. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA SN 0270-2932 J9 J ASSOC ASPHALT PAV PY 2013 VL 82 BP 127 EP 149 DI 10.1080/14680629.2013.812833 PG 23 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BA7HR UT WOS:000337539100005 ER PT J AU Virk, GS Herman, C Bostelman, R Haidegger, T AF Virk, Gurvinder Singh Herman, Carol Bostelman, Roger Haidegger, Tamas BE Waldron, KJ Tokhi, MO Virk, GS TI CHALLENGES OF THE CHANGING ROBOT MARKETS SO NATURE INSPIRED MOBILE ROBOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots (CLAWAR) CY JUL 14-17, 2013 CL Sydney, AUSTRALIA SP Int Federat Promot Mech & Machine Sci, Univ Technol Sydney, CLAWAR Assoc AB Service robots are becoming an integral part of daily life, entering even the most complex scenarios, yet at a slower pace than previously anticipated. This paper presents an overview of the changing area of robotics and the new challenges being faced. The case is made for all stakeholders to focus on the bottlenecks preventing the realization of the mass markets in robotics expected since the late 1990s. Some of the key issues are discussed and possible strategies analysed to allow the emerging service robotics sector to reach its full potential. The goal is to create a unified vision and good working relationships with the key players throughout the world, active in both robotics R&D and robotics standardization. This paper presents an overview of these activities and provides suggestions for future plans. Along these lines, example cases of industrial, personal service, and medical robots are presented to highlight the desired development directions. C1 [Virk, Gurvinder Singh] Univ Gavle, Gavle, Sweden. [Herman, Carol] Assoc Adv Med Instrementat, Arlington, VA USA. [Bostelman, Roger] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Haidegger, Tamas] Obuda Univ, Budapest, Hungary. RP Virk, GS (reprint author), Univ Gavle, Gavle, Sweden. OI Haidegger, Tamas/0000-0003-1402-1139 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4525-52-7 PY 2013 BP 833 EP 840 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Robotics SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Robotics GA BA6ET UT WOS:000337122900102 ER PT S AU Davis, MJ Gardiner, SA Hanna, TM Nygaard, N Proukakis, NP Szymanska, MH AF Davis, Matthew J. Gardiner, Simon A. Hanna, Thomas M. Nygaard, Nicolai Proukakis, Nick P. Szymanska, Marzena H. BE Proukakis, N Gardiner, S Davis, M Szymanska, M TI Introduction to Theoretical Modelling SO QUANTUM GASES: FINITE TEMPERATURE AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS SE Cold Atoms LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter AB We briefly overview commonly encountered theoretical notions arising in the modelling of quantum gases, intended to provide a unified background to the 'language' and diverse theoretical models presented elsewhere in this book, and aimed particularly at researchers from outside the quantum gases community. C1 [Davis, Matthew J.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Gardiner, Simon A.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Hanna, Thomas M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanna, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nygaard, Nicolai] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Lundbeck Fdn, Theoret Ctr Quantum Syst Res, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [Proukakis, Nick P.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Math & Stat, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Szymanska, Marzena H.] Univ Warwick, Dept Phys, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Davis, MJ (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RI Gardiner, Simon/B-2060-2013 OI Gardiner, Simon/0000-0001-5939-4612 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2045-9734 BN 978-1-848168-12-1; 978-1-848168-10-7 J9 COLD ATOMS PY 2013 VL 1 BP 63 EP 83 D2 10.1142/p817 PG 21 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA3ZB UT WOS:000335188500007 ER PT S AU Hanna, TM Mur-Petit, J AF Hanna, Thomas M. Mur-Petit, Jordi BE Proukakis, N Gardiner, S Davis, M Szymanska, M TI Cumulant Dynamics of Strongly Interacting Ultracold Gases SO QUANTUM GASES: FINITE TEMPERATURE AND NON-EQUILIBRIUM DYNAMICS SE Cold Atoms LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We discuss the cumulant approach to the non-equilibrium dynamics of strongly interacting ultracold atomic gases. After a general introduction, we derive a non-Markovian, nonlinear Schrodinger equation for a Bose-Einstein condensate, and a non-Markovian Boltzmann equation for the one-body density matrix of a thermal Bose gas. We apply these equations to the dynamics of Feshbach molecule production. C1 [Hanna, Thomas M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanna, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mur-Petit, Jordi] CSIC, Inst Fis Fundamental, E-28006 Madrid, Spain. RP Hanna, TM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Mur-Petit, Jordi/A-1328-2012 OI Mur-Petit, Jordi/0000-0002-4018-1323 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2045-9734 BN 978-1-848168-12-1; 978-1-848168-10-7 J9 COLD ATOMS PY 2013 VL 1 BP 121 EP 131 D2 10.1142/p817 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BA3ZB UT WOS:000335188500012 ER PT S AU Germer, TA AF Germer, Thomas A. BE Shaw, JA LeMaster, DA TI Assessing consistency of a Mueller matrix measurement by rotation of the sample under test SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing VI CY AUG 26-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Mueller matrix; polarimetry; reproducibility; uncertainty analysis ID POLARIMETERS; SIGNAL AB We present a method for checking the consistency of a Mueller matrix measurement. The method is based upon the rotational properties of a Mueller matrix. An anisotropic sample is placed in the polarimeter in a precision rotation stage. The Mueller matrix is then measured as a function of sample rotation. Each Mueller matrix is then transformed by matrix rotation back into the Mueller matrix at zero angle. The consistency between these resulting matrices is then taken as an indication of measurement uncertainties. The method is demonstrated with two different samples measured on two different polarimeters. C1 NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9723-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8873 AR 887303 DI 10.1117/12.2024853 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BA5MT UT WOS:000336801500003 ER PT S AU Rocas, E Collado, C Mateu, J Hueltes, A Verdu, J Booth, JC Aigner, R AF Rocas, E. Collado, C. Mateu, J. Hueltes, A. Verdu, J. Booth, J. C. Aigner, R. GP IEEE TI Performance of BAW Resonators at Cryogenic Temperatures SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) SE IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY JUL 21-25, 2013 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP IEEE DE Bulk Acoustic Wave; resonator; cryogenic; temperature ID GHZ AB In this work we go beyond the usual temperature range for commercial applications and explore the functioning of Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonators down to cryogenic temperatures, to get the whole picture at understanding the physical tendency of the main parameters with temperature. This can ensure the proper functioning for specific applications where the device is exposed to extreme temperature variations. C1 [Rocas, E.; Collado, C.; Mateu, J.; Hueltes, A.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Mateu, J.] CTTC, Castelldefels, Spain. [Verdu, J.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Adaptive MicroNanop Wave Syst Grp, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Booth, J. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Aigner, R.] TriQuint Semicond, Apopka, FL USA. RP Rocas, E (reprint author), Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. RI Verdu, Jordi/L-8926-2014; collado, carlos/B-1651-2010; mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI Verdu, Jordi/0000-0002-2434-7012; collado, carlos/0000-0002-8869-2739; mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 FU Spanish Inter-ministerial Commission on Science and Technology (CICYT); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) [TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM, MAT2011-29269-C03-02, TEC2012-37582-C04-02]; Beatriu de Pinos program [BP-DGR-2010]; UE; Spanish Government; European Union [EUI-ENIAC-2011-4349, EUI-ENIAC 2010-04252]; US government FX This work was supported by the Spanish Inter-ministerial Commission on Science and Technology (CICYT) from the Ministerio de Economuia y Competitividad and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under Projects TEC-2009-13897-C03-01/TCM and MAT2011-29269-C03-02 and TEC2012-37582-C04-02. This work was also supported by Beatriu de Pinos program (BP-DGR-2010, Generalitat de Catalunya) and Marie Curie program by the UE and in part by the Spanish Government and the European Union through grants EUI-ENIAC-2011-4349 and EUI-ENIAC 2010-04252. Work partially supported by US government, not subject to US copyright. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1948-5719 BN 978-1-4673-5686-2 J9 IEEE INT ULTRA SYM PY 2013 BP 1668 EP 1671 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2013.0426 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BA5IA UT WOS:000336665300424 ER PT B AU Bueno, C Vigevani, T Ramanzini, F AF Bueno, Clodoaldo Vigevani, Tullo Ramanzini Junior, Flaredo BE Puntigliano, AR BricenoRuiz, J TI Latin American Integration: A Brazilian View SO RESILIENCE OF REGIONALISM IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: DEVELOPMENT AND AUTONOMY SE International Political Economy Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Bueno, Clodoaldo] Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Campus Assis, Brazil. [Vigevani, Tullo] UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Vigevani, Tullo; Ramanzini Junior, Flaredo] Ctr Contemporary Culture, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Vigevani, Tullo] UNESP, Masters Program Int Relat, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Vigevani, Tullo] Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Vigevani, Tullo] PUC SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Vigevani, Tullo] Inst Nacl Estudios Polit Exterior Estados Unidos, Madrid, Spain. [Ramanzini Junior, Flaredo] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Ramanzini Junior, Flaredo] Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Econ, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil. [Ramanzini Junior, Flaredo] Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Bueno, C (reprint author), Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Campus Assis, Brazil. NR 40 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PALGRAVE PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-137-32837-3; 978-0-230-36836-1 J9 INT POLIT ECON SER PY 2013 BP 207 EP 231 PG 25 WC Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BA2SO UT WOS:000333848500009 ER PT J AU Lee, Y Filliben, JJ Micheals, RJ Garris, MD Phillips, PJ AF Lee, Yooyoung Filliben, James J. Micheals, Ross J. Garris, Michael D. Phillips, P. Jonathon GP IEEE TI A Baseline for Assessing Biometrics Performance Robustness: A Case Study across Seven Iris Datasets SO 2013 IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (BTAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, Lumidigm, Safran Morpho, SPOTR, Progeny Syst, Digital Signal Corp, Inst Engn & Technol, Cognitec, IEEE Biometr Council, IEEE Syst, Man, & Cybermet Soc ID RECOGNITION AB We examine the robustness of algorithm performance over multiple datasets collected with different sensors. This study provides insight as to whether an algorithm performance derived from traditional controlled environment studies will robustly extrapolate to more challenging stand-off/real-world environments. We argue that a systematic methodology is critical in assuring the validity of algorithmic conclusions over the broader arena of applications. We present a structured evaluation protocol and demonstrate its utility by comparing the performance of an open-source algorithm over seven diverse datasets, spanning six different sensors (three stationary, one handheld, and two stand-off). We also provide baseline results for the ranking of the seven datasets as measured by four performance metrics. Finally, we compare our protocol-based ranking with a parallel ranking based on an independent survey of biometrics experts, with high correlation between the two rankings being demonstrated. C1 [Lee, Yooyoung; Filliben, James J.; Micheals, Ross J.; Garris, Michael D.; Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, Y (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yooyoung@nist.gov; filliben@nist.gov; rossm@nist.gov; mgarris@nist.gov; jonathon@nist.gov NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0527-0 PY 2013 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BA4PA UT WOS:000336080600015 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ Beveridge, JR Bolme, DS Draper, BA Given, GH Lui, YM Cheng, S Teli, MN Zhang, H AF Phillips, P. Jonathon Beveridge, J. Ross Bolme, David S. Draper, Bruce A. Given, Geof H. Lui, Yui Man Cheng, Su Teli, Mohammad Nayeem Zhang, Hao GP IEEE TI On the Existence of Face Quality Measures SO 2013 IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (BTAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 6th International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS) CY SEP 29-OCT 02, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, Lumidigm, Safran Morpho, SPOTR, Progeny Syst, Digital Signal Corp, Inst Engn & Technol, Cognitec, IEEE Biometr Council, IEEE Syst, Man, & Cybermet Soc AB We investigate the existence of quality measures for face recognition. First, we introduce the concept of an oracle for image quality in the context of face recognition. Next we introduce greedy pruned ordering (GPO) as an approximation to an image quality oracle. GPO analysis provides an estimated upper bound for quality measures, given a face recognition algorithm and data set. We then assess the performance of 12 commonly proposed face image quality measures against this standard. In addition, we investigate the potential for learning new quality measures via supervised learning. Finally, we show that GPO analysis is applicable to other biometrics. C1 [Phillips, P. Jonathon; Cheng, Su] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Beveridge, J. Ross; Draper, Bruce A.; Given, Geof H.; Lui, Yui Man; Teli, Mohammad Nayeem; Zhang, Hao] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bolme, David S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon.phillips@nist.gov; ross@cs.colostate.edu FU Department of Defense; Federal Bureau of Investigation FX CSU was funded in part by the Department of Defense. PJP and SC were funded in part by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. DB was at CSU when this work was performed. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by Colorado State U., Oakridge National Laboratory, or NIST. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0527-0 PY 2013 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BA4PA UT WOS:000336080600030 ER PT S AU Barrick, D Whelan, C Harlan, J AF Barrick, Don Whelan, Chad Harlan, Jack GP IEEE TI Oceanographic Radar Timing Stability Required for New ITU Spectral Allocations SO 2013 MTS/IEEE OCEANS - BERGEN SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY JUN 10-14, 2013 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, SFE Power, Marintek, Norwegian Def Res Estab, Inst Marine Res, Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, Gersemia, Bekkadal Consultancy & Engn Serv, NERSC DE oceanographic radar; remote sensing; current monitoring; multi-static radar; modulation multiplexing ID HF RADAR; ECHO AB New international frequency bands have been allocated to oceanographic radar use. This poses major challenges that are reviewed in this paper. Because large national networks of coastal radars must output data continuously in real time, modulation multiplexing of the commonly used FMCW signals is the only known solution. This imposes requirements for frequency stability and synchronization of one part in 10(10). The analysis behind this is reviewed here. Fortunately, stability to this level is possible based on several available techniques. C1 [Barrick, Don; Whelan, Chad] CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, 1914 Plymouth St, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. [Harlan, Jack] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Barrick, D (reprint author), CODAR Ocean Sensors Ltd, 1914 Plymouth St, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. EM don@codar.com; chad@codar.com; Jack.Harlan@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-0000-8; 978-1-4799-0002-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA4AU UT WOS:000335313100194 ER PT S AU Willis, Z AF Willis, Zdenka GP IEEE TI US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) delivering benefits and the Global HF Radar and Glider Initiative SO 2013 MTS/IEEE OCEANS - BERGEN SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE OCEANS Conference CY JUN 10-14, 2013 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc, SFE Power, Marintek, Norwegian Def Res Estab, Inst Marine Res, Univ Bergen, Geophys Inst, Gersemia, Bekkadal Consultancy & Engn Serv, NERSC DE component; Integrated Ocean Observing System; Ocean Observing; Global Earth Observation System of Systems; Blue Planet AB The United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) is a user-driven, coordinated network of people, organizations, and technology that generate and disseminate continuous data about our coastal waters, Great Lakes, and oceans supported by strong research and development activities. IOOS (R) is our Eyes on our Oceans, Coasts and Great Lakes that enable the United States to track, predict, manage, and adapt to changes in our marine environment and deliver critical information to decision makers to improve safety, enhance our economy and protect our environment. IOOS focuses on the "I" or integration. Integration is defined providing rapid access to multi-disciplinary data from many sources and to provide data and information required to achieve multiple goals that historically have been the domain of separate agencies, offices, or programs. There are plenty of examples and efforts underway within US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) that are moving us to a fully integrated system. The United States National Ocean Policy states that we should achieve "an America whose stewardship ensures that the ocean, our coasts, and the Great Lakes are healthy and resilient, safe and productive, and understood and treasured so as to promote the wellbeing, prosperity, and security of present and future generations." For US IOOS to be a vital contributor to this goal we suggest a need to move beyond Integration and deliver benefits to society. Technologies must be incubated and rapidly inserted to keep the US IOOS system operating effectively and efficiently. Since oceans know no boundaries, US IOOS is also the United States' contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System which is part of the ocean contribution to the Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems (GEOSS). US IOOS is supporting the Blue Planet Initiative under GEOSS. C1 NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, US IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-0000-8; 978-1-4799-0002-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BA4AU UT WOS:000335313100007 ER PT S AU Sagi, Y Drake, TE Paudel, R Chapurin, R Jin, DS AF Sagi, Yoav Drake, Tara E. Paudel, Rabin Chapurin, Roman Jin, Deborah S. GP IOP TI Probing local quantities in a strongly interacting Fermi gas SO 21ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LASER SPECTROSCOPY - ICOLS 2013 SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy (ICOLS) CY JUN 09-14, 2013 CL Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA SP MOGLabs, Coldquanta HO Univ Calif AB The collective behavior of an ensemble of strongly interacting fermions is central to many physical systems, and its theoretical description is challenging due to the many-body nature of the problem. The ultracold Fermi gas is an ideal model system to shed light on this issue, as it provides excellent controllability, reproducibility, and unique detection methods. One of the problems, however, which complicates the interpretation of such experiments is the inherent density inhomogeneity of the gas due to harmonic confinement. We have developed a technique to overcome this difficulty by selectively probing atoms near the center of a trapped gas while still retaining momentum resolution. In this contribution to the 21th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy (ICOLS 2013), we give an overview of this technique and some of the observations that have resulted from its implementation. C1 [Sagi, Yoav; Drake, Tara E.; Paudel, Rabin; Chapurin, Roman; Jin, Deborah S.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sagi, Y (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu OI Sagi, Yoav/0000-0002-3897-1393 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2013 VL 467 AR UNSP 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/467/1/012010 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BA4ND UT WOS:000336029200010 ER PT S AU Gericke, A Leslie, NR Losche, M Ross, AH AF Gericke, Arne Leslie, Nicholas R. Loesche, Mathias Ross, Alonzo H. BE Capelluto, DGS TI PtdIns(4,5)P-2-Mediated Cell Signaling: Emerging Principles and PTEN as a Paradigm for Regulatory Mechanism SO LIPID-MEDIATED PROTEIN SIGNALING SE Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Phosphoinositide; Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate; Lipid membrane; PTEN; Phosphatase ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; PHOSPHOINOSITIDE PHOSPHATASE-ACTIVITY; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR PTEN; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 4,5-BISPHOSPHATE; SUPPORTED MEMBRANES; PHOSPHOLIPASE-C; PLASMA-MEMBRANE; ACTIVATION MECHANISM; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS AB PtdIns(4,5)P-2 (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) is a relatively common anionic lipid that regulates cellular functions by multiple mechanisms. Hydrolysis of PtdIns(4,5)P-2 by phospholipase C yields inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. Phosphorylation by phosphoinositide 3-kinase yields PtdIns(3,4,5)P-3, which is a potent signal for survival and proliferation. Also, PtdIns(4,5)P-2 can bind directly to integral and peripheral membrane proteins. As an example of regulation by PtdIns(4,5)P-2, we discuss phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in detail. PTEN is an important tumor suppressor and hydrolyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P-3. PtdIns(4,5)P-2 enhances PTEN association with the plasma membrane and activates its phosphatase activity. This is a critical regulatory mechanism, but a detailed description of this process from a structural point of view is lacking. The disordered lipid bilayer environment hinders structural determinations of membrane-bound PTEN. A new method to analyze membrane-bound protein measures neutron reflectivity for proteins bound to tethered phospholipid membranes. These methods allow determination of the orientation and shape of membrane-bound proteins. In combination with molecular dynamics simulations, these studies will provide crucial structural information that can serve as a foundation for our understanding of PTEN regulation in normal and pathological processes. C1 [Gericke, Arne] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biochem, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Leslie, Nicholas R.] Univ Dundee, Div Mol Physiol, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ross, Alonzo H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. [Ross, Alonzo H.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Ross, AH (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. EM alonzo.ross@umassmed.edu RI Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; OI Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; LESLIE, Nicholas/0000-0001-5131-0541 FU Medical Research Council [G0801865]; NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG032131]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM101647]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS021716] NR 126 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0065-2598 BN 978-94-007-6331-9 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2013 VL 991 BP 85 EP 104 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_6 D2 10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9 PG 20 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BA1OB UT WOS:000332745500007 PM 23775692 ER PT J AU Schlitter, JL Bentz, DP Weiss, WJ AF Schlitter, J. L. Bentz, D. P. Weiss, W. J. TI Quantifying Stress Development and Remaining Stress Capacity in Restrained, Internally Cured Mortars SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE autogenous shrinkage; early age; internal curing; lightweight aggregate; mortar; residual stress; restrained shrinkage ring test; shrinkage; thermal cracking ID CONCRETE RING SPECIMENS; SHRINKAGE CRACKING; AUTOGENOUS SHRINKAGE; AGGREGATE; PASTE AB Concrete can develop tensile stress when it is restrained from shrinking freely. Standard tests, such as the restrained ring test (ASTM C1581), can be used to quantify how likely it is that a mixture will crack due to the stresses developed under constant temperature conditions. The standardized restrained ring test is a passive test where the residual stress that develops due to restraint can be quantified using strains measured on the inner steel ring. The residual stress can then be compared with the concrete's tensile strength to determine a mixture's propensity for cracking. A new dual-ring test method has been developed to characterize the early-age behavior of mixtures that expand and/or undergo a temperature change. A new testing approach uses this dual-ring test to quantify the remaining stress capacity (that is, the additional stress that can be applied before the concrete develops a through crack). The new testing procedure allows stress to develop under constant temperature conditions before rapidly reducing the temperature to induce cracking. To demonstrate this approach, a plain and three internally cured mortar mixtures were tested and the results of these tests are discussed. C1 [Schlitter, J. L.] PT&C Forens Consulting Serv Inc, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. [Bentz, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Engn Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Weiss, W. J.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Schlitter, JL (reprint author), PT&C Forens Consulting Serv Inc, Collegeville, PA 19426 USA. FU Joint Transportation Research Program [SPR-3211]; Expanded Shale, Clay, and Slate Institute (ESCSI); Haydite Hydraulic Press; Brick Company located in Mooresville, IN FX This work was supported in part by the Joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University through Project SPR-3211. The authors also acknowledge the support provided by the Expanded Shale, Clay, and Slate Institute (ESCSI) and the Haydite Hydraulic Press and Brick Company located in Mooresville, IN. The super-absorbent polymer was supplied by O. Jensen from Lyngby, Denmark. NR 45 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 COUNTRY CLUB DR, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48331 USA SN 0889-325X EI 1944-737X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 110 IS 1 BP 3 EP 11 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AG6RY UT WOS:000335547300001 ER PT S AU Sakata, O Jach, T AF Sakata, Osami Jach, Terrence BE Zegenhagen, J Kazimirov, A TI X-RAY STANDING WAVE AT GRAZING INCIDENCE AND EXIT SO X-RAY STANDING WAVE TECHNIQUE: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE Series on Synchrotron Radiation Techniques and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INPLANE STRUCTURE; INCIDENCE DIFFRACTION; CRYSTAL-SURFACE; ANGLE; REFLECTION AB Grazing-angle X-ray standing waves (GAXSWs) generated dynamically are discussed under a geometry where incident, specularly reflected, and specularly diffracted waves make grazing angles to a crystal surface. The grazing angles are close to the critical angle for total external reflection. A Bragg condition is satisfied on lattice planes perpendicular to the surface. We explain all waves excited inside and outside the crystal using a three-dimensional dispersion surface. The perpendicular components of the waves are derived from the geometrical consideration on the basis of phase continuity on the boundary surface. Electric fields are formulated by solving simultaneous equations of boundary conditions for the tangential components of electric field and the normal components of the magnetic fields. The GAXSW field is formed by the interference of incident, specularly reflected, and specularly diffracted beams above the surface. The external field intensity, modulated along the surface, is expressed, while the position-dependent behaviors of the intensity are discussed. The output, proportional to the local field intensity at an adsorbed atom, is normally parametrized by the coherent position and the coherent fraction. We introduce two examples of in-plane structural analyses of iodine adsorbed on Ge(111) and 10-nm-thick Ca0.39Sr0.61F2 epilayer film on GaAs(111). C1 [Sakata, Osami] SPring 8, Synchrotron Xray Lab, Natl Inst Mat Sci, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. [Jach, Terrence] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sakata, O (reprint author), SPring 8, Synchrotron Xray Lab, Natl Inst Mat Sci, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 6795148, Japan. EM SAKATA.Osami@nims.go.jp; terrence.jach@nist.gov RI SAKATA, Osami/H-2621-2011 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2010-2844 BN 978-981-2779-01-4; 978-981-2779-00-7 J9 S SYN RADI TECH APPL PY 2013 VL 7 BP 108 EP 121 D2 10.1142/6666 PG 14 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BA1YC UT WOS:000333149900007 ER PT S AU Woicik, JC AF Woicik, Joseph C. BE Zegenhagen, J Kazimirov, A TI SITE-SPECIFIC X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY USING X-RAY STANDING WAVES SO X-RAY STANDING WAVE TECHNIQUE: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE Series on Synchrotron Radiation Techniques and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STATES; CRYSTALS; DIAMOND; DENSITY AB The X-ray standing wave technique can accurately determine the atomic positions of atoms within a crystalline unit cell. In this chapter, we will show that the technique can also "localize" valence and conduction electrons. When combined with high-resolution, hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it is possible to determine the contribution of the different atoms in the unit cell to the total electronic structure of the crystal. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2010-2844 BN 978-981-2779-01-4; 978-981-2779-00-7 J9 S SYN RADI TECH APPL PY 2013 VL 7 BP 216 EP 233 D2 10.1142/6666 PG 18 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BA1YC UT WOS:000333149900013 ER PT S AU Jach, T AF Jach, Terrence BE Zegenhagen, J Kazimirov, A TI X-RAY STANDING WAVES IN QUASICRYSTALS: ATOMIC POSITIONS IN AN APERIODIC LATTICE SO X-RAY STANDING WAVE TECHNIQUE: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE Series on Synchrotron Radiation Techniques and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID AL-PD-MN; DYNAMICAL DIFFRACTION; ICOSAHEDRAL PHASE; IDEAL STRUCTURE; SYMMETRY; ALPDMN; PATTERNS; NEUTRON; ORDER; STATE AB The observation of the Borrmann effect in quasicrystals demonstrates the presence of dynamical diffraction and, by inference, the existence of X-ray standing waves. In this chapter, we investigate the nature of the atomic order in icosohedral quasicrystals and the manner in which dynamical diffraction comes about. While atoms in quasicrystals do not occupy periodic atomic planes, they occur in distributions that give rise to well-defined X-ray standing wave effects. It is possible to demonstrate that the coherent fraction and coherent position obtained from a specific X-ray reflection correspond to a correlation function and centroid of the atomic distribution relative to that "reciprocal quasi-lattice vector." We show experimental X-ray standing wave effects in the quasicrystal Al-Pd-Mn and their relation to the symmetries of the different elemental distributions. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jach, T (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM terrence.jach@nist.gov NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2010-2844 BN 978-981-2779-01-4; 978-981-2779-00-7 J9 S SYN RADI TECH APPL PY 2013 VL 7 BP 303 EP 325 D2 10.1142/6666 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BA1YC UT WOS:000333149900017 ER PT S AU Woicik, JC AF Woicik, Joseph C. BE Zegenhagen, J Kazimirov, A TI SITE-SPECIFIC X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTRA OF TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES SO X-RAY STANDING WAVE TECHNIQUE: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS SE Series on Synchrotron Radiation Techniques and Applications LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEAN-FIELD THEORY; CR-DOPED V2O3; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; RESONANT PHOTOEMISSION; INSULATOR TRANSITIONS; GROUND-STATE; ENERGY; HYBRIDIZATION; PHASE; TIO2 AB In the present chapter we combine the X-ray standing wave technique with photoelectron spectroscopy (PES), thus rendering PES site specific. We determine the individual contributions of atoms within the unit cell to the total valence-band emission for the two transition-metal oxide compounds rutile TiO2 and corundum V2O3. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of both single-particle cross-section effects and manybody excitation effects in the interpretation of photoelectron spectra. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woicik, JC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2010-2844 BN 978-981-2779-01-4; 978-981-2779-00-7 J9 S SYN RADI TECH APPL PY 2013 VL 7 BP 456 EP 474 D2 10.1142/6666 PG 19 WC Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BA1YC UT WOS:000333149900028 ER PT S AU Bochicchio, MA Longo, A Vaira, L Malvasi, A Tinelli, A AF Bochicchio, Mario A. Longo, Antonella Vaira, Lucia Malvasi, Antonio Tinelli, Andrea GP IEEE TI Creating dynamic and customized fetal growth curves using cloud computing SO 2013 IEEE 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOINFORMATICS AND BIOENGINEERING (BIBE) SE IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 13th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE) CY NOV 10-13, 2013 CL Chania, GREECE SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Artificial Intelligence Fdn, IEEE Greece Sect, IEEE EMBS Greece Chapter, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Univ Ioannina, Univ Patras, Tech Univ Crete, Wright State Univ, Inst Commun & Comp Syst, Unit Med Technol & Intelligent Informat Syst, Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Mol Biol & Biotechnol ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH; INFANTS AB The modern cloud-based solutions are gaining the upper hand in the most common industrial areas. In the healthcare sector, cloud computing is starting to set foot on, and the major applications are about the possibility to collect and share medical data. One of the hot topics argued in the obstetrics and gynecologist community, is related to the fetal growth and, in particular, to the necessity to have updated standards, since the current references lack information like ethnicity and maternal biometric parameters (essential to evaluate the correct growing parameters). We believe that cloud computing could help the development of such a kind of dynamic and customized fetal growth curves, which in turn could improve the possible detection of anomalies and pathological states during the whole pregnancy period. The paper presents a proposal for resolving the problem of the fetal biometric data obsolescence and the inability to use them in a custom or adapted fashion giving the opportunity to manage clinical data which are dispensed "as a service" on a global scale. The objective of the study is to create and validate a database collecting several fetal growth curves (obtained by means of the available results beginning from 1963 until 2013). C1 [Bochicchio, Mario A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Longo, Antonella] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Vaira, Lucia; Malvasi, Antonio; Tinelli, Andrea] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bochicchio, MA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mario@boulder.nist.gov; antonella@boulder.nist.gov; lucia@boulder.nist.gov; antonio@boulder.nist.gov; andrea@boulder.nist.gov RI Bochicchio, Mario/Q-9656-2016; Longo, Antonella/A-5335-2009 OI Bochicchio, Mario/0000-0002-9122-6317; Longo, Antonella/0000-0002-6902-0160 FU U.S. Department of Commerce [BS123456] FX (Write the date on which you submitted your paper for review.) This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and financial support acknowledgment goes here). Paper titles should be written in uppercase and lowercase letters, not all uppercase. Avoid writing long formulas with subscripts in the title; short formulas that identify the elements are fine (e.g., "NdFeB"). Do not write "(Invited)" in the title. Full names of authors are preferred in the author field, but are not required. Put a space between authors' initials. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2471-7819 BN 978-1-4799-3163-7 J9 IEEE INT C BIOINF BI PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Medical Informatics SC Engineering; Medical Informatics GA BA3ZJ UT WOS:000335217700017 ER PT S AU Burger, WTC Remley, KA Holloway, CL Ladbury, JM AF Burger, Willem T. C. Remley, Kate A. Holloway, Christopher L. Ladbury, John M. GP IEEE TI Proximity and Antenna Orientation Effects for Large-Form-Factor Devices in a Reverberation Chamber SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 05-09, 2013 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Adv Test Equipment Rentals, ANDRO, ETS LINDGREN, FEKO, Gauss Instruments, Infield Sci Inc, Retlif Testing Labs, CCPIT Gen Ind Sub Council, ECN, EMV Europe, ENR, Evaluat Engn, In Compliance, ITEM Media, Microwave Journal, Safety & EMC China, Webcom Commun, Wireless Design & Dev AB Recent research has shown that large-form-factor devices can affect radiated power measurements in a reverberation chamber due to absorption by lossy material present in the device. In this paper, these effects are explained and related to the angular orientation and proximity of the antenna associated with the large-form-factor load in the reverberation chamber. It is shown that RF absorption rather than physical shadowing of an antenna by the object under test is the origin of the proximity effect. C1 [Burger, Willem T. C.] Tech Univ Eindhoven, Electromagnet Grp, NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Remley, Kate A.; Holloway, Christopher L.; Ladbury, John M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Burger, WTC (reprint author), Tech Univ Eindhoven, Electromagnet Grp, NL-5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands. EM kate.remley@nist.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4799-0409-9; 978-1-4799-0408-2 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2013 BP 671 EP 676 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA3WJ UT WOS:000334998800126 ER PT B AU Becerra, FE Fan, J Baumgartner, G Goldhar Kosloski, JT Migdall, A AF Becerra, F. E. Fan, J. Baumgartner, G. Goldhar Kosloski, J. T. Migdall, A. GP IEEE TI Demonstration of Nonorthogonal Multi-State Discrimination Below the Standard Quantum Limit SO 2013 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY SUMMER TOPICAL MEETING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Photonics-Society Summer Topical Meeting CY JUL 08-10, 2013 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Photon Soc AB We demonstrate the discrimination of four nonorthogonal states below the standard quantum limit (SQL) for a wide range of input powers, and achieving error probabilities four times lower than the SQL. C1 [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baumgartner, G.; Kosloski, J. T.] Lab Telecommun Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goldhar] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Becerra, FE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fbecerra@umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5060-0; 978-1-4673-5059-4 PY 2013 BP 166 EP 166 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA2WQ UT WOS:000333963600079 ER PT S AU Zhao, QJ Zhang, Y Jain, AK Paulter, NG Taylor, M AF Zhao, Qijun Zhang, Yi Jain, Anil K. Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr. Taylor, Melissa BE Fierrez, J Kumar, A Vatsa, M Veldhuis, R OrtegaGarcia, J TI A Generative Model for Fingerprint Minutiae SO 2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS (ICB) SE International Conference on Biometrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IAPR International Conference on Biometrics (ICB) CY JUN 04-07, 2013 CL Univ Autonoma Madrid, Madrid, SPAIN SP IEEE Biometr Council, IAPR, Safran Morpho, Telefonica, Thales, Cognitec, Univ Autonoma, ATVS, European Assoc Biometr, Catedra UAM Telefonica, Biometr Inst, European FP7 Project Tabula Rasa, BEAT, COST Act IC1106, COST, European Cooperat Sci & Technol, IAPR Tech Comm Biometr HO Univ Autonoma Madrid ID INDIVIDUALITY; RIDGE; FEATURES AB Fingerprint minutiae are the most important features used by latent fingerprint examiners, as well as in automated fingerprint recognition systems. Hence, understanding the statistical distribution of minutiae is essential in many fingerprint recognition related problems, such as fingerprint individuality and fingerprint synthesis. Prior work considers the occurrence of a minutia as a random event, and mostly assumes that individual minutiae are independent of each other. Some studies also considered the clustering tendency of minutiae and the minutiae neighborhood structures. Yet, it remains unclear whether the ridge orientation field has an impact on the minutiae occurrence. This paper investigates the correlation between ridge orientation field and minutiae. Assuming that minutiae are distributed conditionally on the variation in local ridge orientation, a new generative model is proposed for fingerprint minutiae. To evaluate the proposed model, we train the model using fingerprint images in the NIST SD14 database, and simulate the minutiae in the fingerprints in the NIST SD4 database with the trained model. The experimental results show that by exploiting both the local ridge orientation variation and the neighborhood minutiae structure, the proposed model can better simulate the minutiae extracted from fingerprints than other models available in the literature. C1 [Zhao, Qijun; Zhang, Yi] Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, Peoples R China. [Jain, Anil K.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.; Taylor, Melissa] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhao, QJ (reprint author), Sichuan Univ, Chengdu, Peoples R China. EM qjzhao@scu.edu.cn; yi.zhang@scu.edu.cn; jain@cse.msu.edu; paultor@nist.gov; melissa.taylor@nist.gov FU NIST; National Natural Science Foundation of China [61202161] FX This work is supported by the NIST 2012 Measurement Science and Engineering Research Grants Program and by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61202161). The authors thank all the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments, and specially thank Austin Hicklin, Noblis for his constructive review and suggestions. The authors are also grateful to Dr. Jianjiang Feng and Soweon Yoon for their help in improving the paper, and to Shuiwang Li, Xiutao Li, and Yanyan Guo for their assistance in conducting some of the experiments. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2376-4201 BN 978-1-4799-0310-8 J9 INT CONF BIOMETR PY 2013 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BA3IH UT WOS:000334288200069 ER PT S AU Gray, GB Heitsenrether, R AF Gray, Grace Browder Heitsenrether, Robert GP IEEE TI NOAA's Recent Field Testing of Coastal Water Quality Monitoring Systems - Quantifying Impacts of Biofouling and Investigating Chloride Measurement Techniques SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO- OPS) maintains and continues to develop over 300 hundred coastal observatories throughout the United States, which make up the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON), and 22 integrated Physical Oceanographic Real- Time Systems (PORTS). In- situ, real- time observations of various water quality parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, chloride, conductivity and temperature, have been identified as measurements of critical interest in many coastal regions where CO- OPS' real- time infrastructure exists. Of these parameters, only conductivity and temperature are collected at a limited number of CO- OPS' existing stations. CO- OPS has recently begun development and testing of real- time water quality systems that could be integrated with existing NWLON and PORTS stations, thereby leveraging infrastructure and enhancing the data available at locations with rich records of historical oceanographic and meteorological data. Field tests of multiple real- time water quality measurement systems were conducted at sites collocated with existing operational water quality sondes maintained by the Chesapeake Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Virginia (CBNERRVA). One site was located in a polyhaline environment, a salinity regime typical of most CO- OPS observatories, and a separate freshwater site was chosen in order to test the performance of insitu chloride probes. In addition to evaluating instrument performance and demonstrating system integration, these tests focused on two unique aspects of particular interest to CO- OPS: 1) assessing calibration and maintenance requirements through the side by side comparison of three multi- sonde water quality systems, one with a rigorous and routine maintenance program, and two others with sensors intentionally unmaintained; and 2) a comparison of chloride measurements obtained using three different methods: laboratory analysis, derivation from conductivity, and direct, automated measurement from an ion- selective electrode (ISE) sensor. This paper includes a brief description of test system design, a summary of system integration efforts, results of test data analysis, and plans for continuing work driven by the results of this study. C1 [Gray, Grace Browder; Heitsenrether, Robert] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Chesapeake, VA USA. RP Gray, GB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Chesapeake, VA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 9 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165802087 ER PT S AU Huff, LC McConnaughey, RA AF Huff, Lloyd C. McConnaughey, Robert A. GP IEEE TI Calibration Schema for a Long-Range, FisheryResearch Side Scan Sonar SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE calibration; source level; backscatter; fish habitat; side scan sonar ID EASTERN BERING-SEA AB The NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service owns two Long- Range, Fishery-Research Side Scan Sonars (Klein model 7180). Having recognized a number of serious shortcomings in the original design and implementation of the 7180, NOAA embarked on an upgrade of the 7180 to bring the 7180' s performance closer to the requirements of fish-habitat researchers for radiometrically adjusted backscatter observations from a calibrated sonar. With three-meter long mechanically curved arrays, it is difficult/impractical to calibrate the 7180 side scan sonar using conventional methods. However, given the recognized importance of calibrated and radiometrically adjusted backscatter data for fishery research, a schema was developed for the 7180 that built on, and extended, the protocol for calibration of multibeam sonar [1]. This paper describes the cascade calibration schema and presents results from applying it to the upgraded 7180 during a recent survey in the eastern Bering Sea. With this method, it is now possible to trace the 7180 backscatter levels to a recognized standard and to detect the onset of discrepancies among the several spatially overlapping measures of backscatter. This advances the fishery-research goal of consistent seabed characterization across wide swaths of the seabed. C1 [Huff, Lloyd C.] LCHUFF CONSULTANCTY LLC, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. [McConnaughey, Robert A.] NOAA Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Huff, LC (reprint author), LCHUFF CONSULTANCTY LLC, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 5 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165800127 ER PT S AU Meng, PF Cutter, GR Kastner, R Demer, DA AF Meng, Pingfan Cutter, George R., Jr. Kastner, Ryan Demer, David A. GP IEEE TI GPU Accelerated Post-Processing for Multifrequency Biplanar Interferometric Imaging SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog AB Multifrequency biplanar interferometric imaging (MBI) is a contemporary acoustic-data processing technology designed to remotely image the seabed or objects in the ocean. MBI requires a computationally intense data conditioning algorithm. For example, it takes a serial central processing unit (CPU) 10 seconds to process each transmission for typical survey data from of a five-beam/frequency group for split-aperture echosounders (e.g., Simrad EK60). However, because many of the computations may be processed in parallel, we utilized a graphic processing unit (GPU) to accelerate the computations. Here we present the GPU accelerated approach and discuss its optimization. The GPU implementation was 40-fold faster than the baseline serial CPU implementation. C1 [Meng, Pingfan; Kastner, Ryan] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Cutter, George R., Jr.; Demer, David A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Meng, PF (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801153 ER PT S AU Plant, WJ Irisov, V AF Plant, William J. Irisov, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Breaking Waves Effects on Scatterometer and Radiometer Signatures of the Ocean SO 2013 OCEANS - SAN DIEGO SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MTS/IEEE Oceans Conference CY SEP 23-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE, Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Oceanic Engn Soc, Newfoundland Labrador, Seacon, UC San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog DE wave breaking; microwave emission and scattering from the sea surface ID SEA-SURFACE; MODEL AB Active and passive microwave signatures of the ocean depend on the ocean wave spectrum alone if bound and breaking waves are neglected. History has not been kind to attempts to explain both radiometer brightness temperatures (Tb) and the normalized radar cross section (so) of the sea using the same ocean wave spectrum. In this paper, we show that bound and breaking waves can be included in previous models of radiometer and scatterometer microwave signatures of the ocean to allow a single wave spectrum to explain both Tb and so. Bound waves are the roughness produced by gently breaking, or crumpling, waves that travel near the speed of the parent wave while breaking waves are more violent. Breaking wave and foam modeling both build on the function.(cb) introduced by Phillips, which describes the average length of breaking wave fronts on the ocean per unit area as a function of breaker velocity, cb. We model a form for.(cb), particularly around its peak, based on experimental shapes, the speed of the interference pattern produced by the wave spectrum, and the balance between wind input and dissipation described by the spectrum and.(cb). Thus the wave spectrum completely determines.(cb). We show that the result of including bound and breaking waves in radiometer and scatterometer models of oceanic signatures is a much closer fit to data using a single spectrum. C1 [Plant, William J.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Irisov, Vladimir] NOAA, ZelTech, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Plant, WJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM plant@apl.washington.edu; Vladimir.Irisov@noaa.gov FU NASA Remote Sensing Theory Program [NNX11AL27G] FX This work was supported by the NASA Remote Sensing Theory Program, Grant # NNX11AL27G. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-0-933957-40-4 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BA3ER UT WOS:000334165801123 ER PT B AU Cloteaux, B AF Cloteaux, Brian GP IEEE TI Limits in Modeling Power Grid Topology SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 IEEE 2ND INTERNATIONAL NETWORK SCIENCE WORKSHOP (NSW) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 2nd Network Science Workshop (NSW) CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL West Point, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, Network Sci Ctr, Army Res Off, IEEE Task Force Network Sci DE power system modeling ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS; LAW AB Because of their importance to infrastructure, a number of studies have examined the structural properties of power grids and have proposed random topological models of them. We examine the ability to create generalized models of power grid structure by comparing real data sets to see where inherent modeling limitations occur. We then propose a possible mechanism for why these networks differ in their structure, and the implications these differences have in creating power grid models. Finally, we introduce a new model for power grids with a radial-style architecture. C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cloteaux, B (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.cloteaux@nist.gov OI Cloteaux, Brian/0000-0002-6177-9850 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0436-5; 978-1-4799-0203-3 PY 2013 BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA4BC UT WOS:000335317000003 ER PT J AU Coddington, I Sinclair, LC Swann, WS Newbury, NR AF Coddington, I. Sinclair, L. C. Swann, W. S. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI All Polarization-Maintaining Fiber Erbium Frequency Combs for Stable Long-Term Operation SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS PACIFIC RIM (CLEO-PR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR) CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2013 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEICE Commun Soc, IEICE Elect Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Photon Soc, Opt Soc, Opt Soc Korea, Korean Phys Soc, Agilent Technologies Japan Ltd, Hamamatsu Photon K K, Tektronix Japan, Thorlabs Japan Inc ID LOW TIMING JITTER; LASER; NOISE AB We demonstrate polarization-maintaining fiber frequency combs operating at a range of repetition rates and show phase-locking of the carrier-envelope offset frequency. Designs are compatible with robust, fieldable frequency combs. C1 [Coddington, I.; Sinclair, L. C.; Swann, W. S.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ian.coddington@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6476-8 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA3FB UT WOS:000334176100021 ER PT J AU Fortsch, M Gerrits, T Stevens, MJ Furst, JU Schunk, G Sedlmeir, F Schwefel, HGL Strekalov, D Nam, SW Leuchs, G Marquardt, C AF Foertsch, Michael Gerrits, Thomas Stevens, Martin J. Fuerst, Josef U. Schunk, Gerhard Sedlmeir, Florian Schwefel, Harald G. L. Strekalov, Dmitry Nam, Sae Woo Leuchs, Gerd Marquardt, Christoph GP IEEE TI Near-Infrared Spectroscopy on a Single Photon Level SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS PACIFIC RIM (CLEO-PR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR) CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2013 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEICE Commun Soc, IEICE Elect Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Photon Soc, Opt Soc, Opt Soc Korea, Korean Phys Soc, Agilent Technologies Japan Ltd, Hamamatsu Photon K K, Tektronix Japan, Thorlabs Japan Inc AB We present a spectroscopy technique on the single photon level by combining a widely wavelength tunable single photon source based on a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator with an energy resolving transition edge sensor. C1 [Foertsch, Michael; Fuerst, Josef U.; Schunk, Gerhard; Sedlmeir, Florian; Schwefel, Harald G. L.; Strekalov, Dmitry; Leuchs, Gerd; Marquardt, Christoph] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, Gunther Scharowsky Str 1,Bau 24, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Foertsch, Michael; Fuerst, Josef U.; Schunk, Gerhard; Sedlmeir, Florian; Schwefel, Harald G. L.; Strekalov, Dmitry; Leuchs, Gerd; Marquardt, Christoph] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Opt Informat & Photonik, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Foertsch, Michael] SAOT, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany. [Gerrits, Thomas; Stevens, Martin J.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fortsch, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sci Light, Gunther Scharowsky Str 1,Bau 24, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RI Marquardt, Christoph/E-5332-2011; Schwefel, Harald/D-2710-2009; Leuchs, Gerd/G-6178-2012 OI Marquardt, Christoph/0000-0002-5045-513X; Schwefel, Harald/0000-0002-4304-6469; Leuchs, Gerd/0000-0003-1967-2766 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6476-8 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA3FB UT WOS:000334176100445 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Kim, YS Ra, YS Lim, HT Kim, YH AF Lee, Jong-Chan Kim, Yong-Su Ra, Young-Sik Lim, Hyang-Tag Kim, Yoon-Ho GP IEEE TI Scheme for Directly Observing the Noncommutativity of the Position and Momentum Operators with Interference SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS PACIFIC RIM (CLEO-PR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR) CY JUN 30-JUL 04, 2013 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP IEICE Commun Soc, IEICE Elect Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys, IEEE Photon Soc, Opt Soc, Opt Soc Korea, Korean Phys Soc, Agilent Technologies Japan Ltd, Hamamatsu Photon K K, Tektronix Japan, Thorlabs Japan Inc AB In this paper, we propose and analyze an experimental scheme for directly observing the noncommutativity of the position and the momentum operators using single-photon quantum interference. C1 [Lee, Jong-Chan; Ra, Young-Sik; Lim, Hyang-Tag; Kim, Yoon-Ho] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kim, Yong-Su] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, JC (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol POSTECH, Dept Phys, Pohang 790784, South Korea. FU National Research Foundation of Korea [2011-0021452, 2012-002588]; National Junior Research Fellowships [2012-000741, 2012-000642] FX This work was supported in part by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grants No. 2011-0021452 and No. 2012-002588). J.-C.L and H.-T.L. acknowledge support from the National Junior Research Fellowships (Grants No. 2012- 000741 and No. 2012-000642, respectively). NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6476-8 PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA3FB UT WOS:000334176100450 ER PT S AU Wittmann, RC Francis, MH AF Wittmann, R. C. Francis, M. H. GP IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc TI Sensitivity of Probes in Near-Field Spherical-Scanning Antenna Measurements SO 2013 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM (APSURSI) SE IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium of the IEEE-Antennas-and-Propagation-Society CY JUL 07-13, 2013 CL Orlando, FL SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, APS AB d We define and calculate sensistivity for several actual and simulated probes. Probe sensitivity can have a significant impact on measurement uncertainty in near-field, sphericalscanning, antenna measurements. C1 [Wittmann, R. C.; Francis, M. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wittmann, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wittmann@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3965 BN 978-1-4673-5317-5 J9 IEEE ANTENNAS PROP PY 2013 BP 1426 EP 1427 PG 2 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BA1OQ UT WOS:000332766801247 ER PT J AU Okoro, C Kabos, P Obrzut, J Hummler, K Obeng, YS AF Okoro, Chukwudi Kabos, Pavel Obrzut, Jan Hummler, Klaus Obeng, Yaw S. GP IEEE TI Use of RF-Based Technique as a Metrology Tool for TSV Reliability Analysis SO 2013 IEEE 63RD ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 63rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 28-31, 2013 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID SILICON; ARCHITECTURE; COPPER AB In this work, radio frequency (RF) based measurement technique is used as a prognostic tool for the assessment of the effect of thermal cycling on the reliability of through-silicon via (TSV) stacked dies. It was found that RF signal integrity in TSV daisy chains degraded with thermal cycling. Focused ion beam (FIB) based failure analysis, showed that the root cause for this trend was due to the formation and propagation of voids with thermal cycling. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Div Electromagnet, Gaithersburg, MD 80305 USA. [Hummler, Klaus] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0233-0 PY 2013 BP 186 EP 191 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA1ON UT WOS:000332764900028 ER PT J AU Okoro, C Levine, LE Xu, RQ Tischler, JZ Liu, WJ Kirillov, O Hummler, K Obeng, YS AF Okoro, Chukwudi Levine, Lyle E. Xu, Ruqing Tischler, Jonathan Z. Liu, Wenjun Kirillov, Oleg Hummler, Klaus Obeng, Yaw S. GP IEEE TI X-Ray Micro-Beam Diffraction Determination of Full Stress Tensors in Cu TSVs SO 2013 IEEE 63RD ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 63rd Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 28-31, 2013 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE, IEEE Components, Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID THROUGH-SILICON; COPPER; IMPACT AB We report the first non-destructive, depth resolved determination of the full stress tensor in Cu through-silicon vias (TSVs), using synchrotron based micro-beam X-ray diffraction. Two adjacent Cu TSVs were studied; one deliberately capped with SiO2, the other without (uncapped). Both Cu TSVs were found to be in a state of tensile hydrostatic stress that fluctuated considerably with depth. The average hydrostatic stress across the capped and the uncapped Cu TSVs was found to be (99 MPa +/- 13 MPa) and (118 MPa +/- 18 MPa), respectively. This apparent disparity between the mean hydrostatic stresses is attributed to local differences in their microstructure, and not to the differences in capping. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Kirillov, Oleg; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Levine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ruqing; Tischler, Jonathan Z.; Liu, Wenjun] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hummler, Klaus] SEMA TECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov FU U.S Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02- 06CH11357] FX The presented SEM image was provided by James Marro of Clemson University, Clemson, SC. The XOR/UNI facilities on Sector 34 at the APS are supported by the U.S Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 06CH11357. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0233-0 PY 2013 BP 648 EP 652 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA1ON UT WOS:000332764900100 ER PT B AU Xu, HHK Cheng, L Zhang, K Melo, MAS Weir, MD Antonucci, JM Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S Chow, LC Zhou, XD AF Xu, Hockin H. K. Cheng, Lei Zhang, Ke Melo, Mary Anne S. Weir, Michael D. Antonucci, Joseph M. Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Chow, Laurence C. Zhou, Xuedong BE Subramani, K Ahmed, W Hartsfield, JK TI Nanostructured Dental Composites and Adhesives with Antibacterial and Remineralizing Capabilities for Caries Inhibition SO NANOBIOMATERIALS IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RESIN-COMPOSITES; BOND STRENGTH; NANOCOMPOSITE; PRIMER; MDPB; RESTORATIONS C1 [Xu, Hockin H. K.; Weir, Michael D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Cheng, Lei; Zhou, Xuedong] Sichuan Univ, State Key Lab Oral Dis, West China Sch Stomatol, Chengdu 610064, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ke] Capital Med Univ, Sch Stomatol, Dept Orthodont, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Melo, Mary Anne S.] Univ Fed Ceara, Fac Pharm Dent & Nursing, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Antonucci, Joseph M.; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chow, Laurence C.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RI Melo, Mary Anne/K-3933-2012 OI Melo, Mary Anne/0000-0002-0007-2966 NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4557-3129-9; 978-1-4557-3127-5 PY 2013 BP 109 EP 129 PG 21 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA0MU UT WOS:000331905500008 ER PT B AU Williams, DF Jargon, JA Hale, PD AF Williams, Dylan F. Jargon, Jeffrey A. Hale, Paul D. GP IEEE TI The Impact of Characteristic Impedance on Waveform Calibrations SO 2013 81ST ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 81st ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference on Metrology for High Speed Circuits and Systems CY JUN 07, 2013 CL Seattle, WA SP ARFTG, MTT S, IEEE DE Characteristic impedance; coplanar waveguide; electro-optic sampling; mismatch correction; on-wafer measurement; temporal waveform measurement ID S-PARAMETER AB We examine the impact of characteristic impedance on mismatch corrections for temporal waveform calibrations based on high-speed electro-optic sampling measurements. We show that failing to measure and account for the characteristic impedance of coplanar Iines can lead to statistically significant errors in the calibrations in both the time and frequency domains. C1 [Williams, Dylan F.; Jargon, Jeffrey A.; Hale, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4983-3; 978-1-4673-4981-9 PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BA2GZ UT WOS:000333388300004 ER PT J AU Liu, JL Wong, DSH Chen, DS AF Liu, Jialin Wong, David Shan Hill Chen, Ding-Sou GP IEEE TI Isolating Faulty Variables for Fault Propagation Using Bayesian Decision Theory SO 2013 EUROPEAN CONTROL CONFERENCE (ECC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Control Conference (ECC) CY JUL 17-19, 2013 CL ETH Zurich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND SP European Control Assoc, IFAC, IEEE, CSS HO ETH Zurich ID IDENTIFICATION; RECONSTRUCTION; SUBSPACE AB Isolating fault variables is a crucial step to provide the information that which variables are responsible for the fault for diagnosing the root causes of a process fault. In chemical processes, process faults rarely show a random behavior; on the contrary, they will be propagated to varying variables due to the actions of the process controllers. During the evolution of a fault, the task of isolating faulty variables needs to be concerned with the faulty variables decided in the previous data; in addition, the current decisions should influence the isolation results for the next sample when the fault is constantly occurring. In the presented work, an unsupervised data-driven fault isolation method was developed based on Bayesian decision theory. The proposed approach successfully located the faulty variables that were individually responsible for the simultaneous occurrence of multiple sensor faults and a process fault. C1 [Liu, Jialin] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Res Inst Metal, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Liu, JL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jianlinliu@boulder.nist.gov; davidshanhillwong@lamar.colostate.edu; ding-souchen@nrim.go.jp FU ABC Foundation FX Resrach supported by ABC Foundation. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-033-03962-9 PY 2013 BP 1964 EP 1969 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BA1GM UT WOS:000332509702059 ER PT J AU Baek, B Benz, SP Rippard, WH Russek, SE Dresselhaus, PD Pufall, MR Rogalla, H AF Baek, B. Benz, S. P. Rippard, W. H. Russek, S. E. Dresselhaus, P. D. Pufall, M. R. Rogalla, H. GP IEEE TI Magnetic barrier structures for superconducting-magnetic hybrid Josephson junctions SO 2013 IEEE 14TH INTERNATIONAL SUPERCONDUCTIVE ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE (ISEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 14th International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC) CY JUL 07-11, 2013 CL Cambridge, MA SP IEEE, IEEE Council Superconduct, Out Fog Res, Russian Quantum Ctr, ONR, Dept Navy DE cryogenic memory; Josephson junction; spin valve; spintronics; superconducting electronics AB If Josephson and spintronic technologies can be successfully integrated to produce a cryogenic memory that can be controlled with single-flux quantum pulses, then they may enable ultra-low-power, high-speed computing. We have developed hybrid Josephson junctions with Nb electrodes, using barrier materials composed of both pseudo-spin valves (PSV) and magnetic-clusters. Our choice of relatively weak ferromagnetic materials such as Ni, PdFe, and NiFeNb enabled us to grow individual layers beyond a few monolayers such that the junctions made with these materials exhibit Josephson coupling as well as magnetic switching behavior. The differences in switching field of each layer were determined by magnetization measurements at 10 K. We fabricated junctions with a wide range of areas (1 mu m(2) to 100 mu m(2)) by high-throughput, conventional fabrication techniques. In PSV-barrier junctions, the critical current is strongly modulated by the magnetic state in the barrier, including magnetic hysteresis. In junctions with Mn-doped Si barriers, the Josephson coupling was tuned by the density of the Mn magnetic-clusters. Such devices may offer an energy-efficient way to control Josephson junction properties by changing their collective states. C1 [Baek, B.; Benz, S. P.; Rippard, W. H.; Russek, S. E.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Pufall, M. R.; Rogalla, H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baek, B (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM burm.baek@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6371-6 PY 2013 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BA2CG UT WOS:000333277300012 ER PT J AU Mell, P Harang, R AF Mell, Peter Harang, Richard GP IEEE TI Limitations to Threshold Random Walk Scan Detection and Mitigating Enhancements SO 2013 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORK SECURITY (CNS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS) CY OCT 14-16, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, VeriSign Corp, Virginia Techs Hume Ctr DE Intrusion Detection; Scanning AB This paper discusses limitations in one of the most widely cited single source scan detection algorithms: threshold random walk (TRW). If an attacker knows that TRW is being employed, these limitations enable full circumvention allowing undetectable high speed full horizontal and vertical scanning of target networks from a single Internet Protocol address. To mitigate the discovered limitations, we provide 3 enhancements to TRW and analyze the increased cost in computational complexity and memory. Even with these mitigations in place, circumvention is still possible but only through collaborative scanning (something TRW was not designed to detect) with a significant increase in the required level of effort and usage of resources. C1 [Mell, Peter] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harang, Richard] US Army, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Mell, P (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.mell@nist.gov; richard.e.harang.ctr@mail.mil NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0895-0 PY 2013 BP 332 EP 340 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BA1QL UT WOS:000332881600038 ER PT J AU Azari, H Mohseni, A AF Azari, Haleh Mohseni, Alaeddin TI Permanent Deformation Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures by Using Incremental Repeated Load Testing SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB Currently, flow number (FN) is being used for measuring the permanent deformation resistance of asphalt mixtures. The provisional AASHTO TP 79 test method specifies the requirements of the FN test; however, there are undefined levels of test variables, such as temperature, axial stress, and confinement. Agreeable FN criteria that can reliably discriminate between various mixtures have not been established. As the asphalt industry continues to develop more sophisticated mixtures (warm mix, reclaimed asphalt pavement, and reclaimed asphalt shingles), the FN value has failed to capture the true complexity of the asphalt mixtures. These shortcomings and the unpredictable testing time of the FN test have affected its usefulness for evaluating high-temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. A new test procedure for evaluation of the rutting susceptibility of asphalt mixtures is being proposed. The new procedure is conducted at one temperature and three stresses on the same replicate in three increments of 500 cycles and takes only 25 min to complete. The property of the test is the permanent strain attributable to the last cycle of each test increment (minimum strain rate, MSR). A master curve is developed by plotting the MSR values versus parameter TP, which is a product of temperature and pressure. The MSR master curve represents the unit rutting damage (rut per axle) of asphalt mixtures at any stress and temperature and can be used in the laboratory for material characterization, mix design verification, mixture ranking, or pavement design applications to predict rut depth for project climate and design traffic. C1 [Azari, Haleh] NIST, AASHTO, Adv Pavement Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mohseni, Alaeddin] Pavement Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. RP Azari, H (reprint author), NIST, AASHTO, Adv Pavement Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM azari@aaprl.org NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2013 IS 2373 BP 134 EP 142 DI 10.3141/2373-14 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA AD1OI UT WOS:000333002900017 ER PT S AU Kuhn, DR Mendoza, ID Kacker, RN Lei, Y AF Kuhn, D. Richard Mendoza, Itzel Dominguez Kacker, Raghu N. Lei, Yu GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Combinatorial Coverage Measurement Concepts and Applications SO IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION WORKSHOPS (ICSTW 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST) CY MAR 18-22, 2013 CL Luxembourg, LUXEMBOURG SP IEEE, P&T Luxembourg, IEE, SES, Fonds Natl Rech Luxembourg, Luxinnovation, Secur & Trust, Univ Luxembourg, Comp Sci & Commun Res Unit, Lab Adv Software Syst, IEEE Comp Soc DE component; combinatorial testing; factor covering array; state-space coverage; verification and validation (V&V); t-way testing; configuration model; t-way testing AB Empirical data demonstrate the value of t-way coverage, but in some testing situations, it is not practical to use covering arrays. However any set of tests covers at least some proportion of t-way combinations. This paper describes a variety of measures of combinatorial coverage that can be used in evaluating aspects of t-way coverage of a test suite. We also provide lower bounds on t-way coverage of several widely-used testing strategies, and describe a tool that analyzes test suites using the measures discussed in the paper. C1 [Kuhn, D. Richard; Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mendoza, Itzel Dominguez] Centro Nacl Metrologia, Santiago de Queretaro, Mexico. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX USA. RP Kuhn, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuhn@nist.gov; itzel.dominguezmendoza@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ylei@uta.edu NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2159-4848 BN 978-0-7695-4993-4; 978-1-4799-1324-4 J9 IEEE ICST WORKSHOP PY 2013 BP 352 EP 361 DI 10.1109/ICSTW.2013.77 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA0SM UT WOS:000332185600055 ER PT S AU Ghandehari, LSG Bourazjany, MN Lei, Y Kacker, RN Kuhn, DR AF Ghandehari, Laleh Shikh Gholamhossein Bourazjany, Mehra N. Lei, Yu Kacker, Raghu N. Kuhn, D. Richard GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Applying Combinatorial Testing to the Siemens Suite SO IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION WORKSHOPS (ICSTW 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST) CY MAR 18-22, 2013 CL Luxembourg, LUXEMBOURG SP IEEE, P&T Luxembourg, IEE, SES, Fonds Natl Rech Luxembourg, Luxinnovation, Secur & Trust, Univ Luxembourg, Comp Sci & Commun Res Unit, Lab Adv Software Syst, IEEE Comp Soc DE Combinatorial Testing; Input Modeling; Software Testing AB Combinatorial testing has attracted a lot of attention from both industry and academia. A number of reports suggest that combinatorial testing can be effective for practical applications. However, there are few systematic, controlled studies on the effectiveness of combinatorial testing. In particular, input parameter modeling is a key step in the combinatorial testing process. But most studies do not report the details of the modeling process. In this paper, we report an experiment that applies combinatorial testing to the Siemens suite. The Siemens suite has been used as a benchmark to evaluate the effectiveness of many testing techniques. Each program in the suite has a number of faulty versions. The effectiveness of combinatorial testing is measured in terms of the number of faulty versions that are detected. The experimental results show that combinatorial testing is effective in terms of detecting most of the faulty versions with a small number of tests. In addition, we report the details of our modeling process, which we hope to shed some lights on this critical, yet often ignored step, in the combinatorial testing process. C1 [Ghandehari, Laleh Shikh Gholamhossein; Bourazjany, Mehra N.; Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kuhn, D. Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ghandehari, LSG (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. FU Information Technology Lab of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB9H9178, 70NANB10H168] FX This work is supported by two grants (70NANB9H9178 and 70NANB10H168) from Information Technology Lab of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2159-4848 BN 978-0-7695-4993-4; 978-1-4799-1324-4 J9 IEEE ICST WORKSHOP PY 2013 BP 362 EP 371 DI 10.1109/ICSTW.2013.47 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA0SM UT WOS:000332185600056 ER PT S AU Borazjany, MN Ghandehari, LS Lei, Y Kacker, RN Kuhn, DR AF Borazjany, Mehra N. Ghandehari, Laleh Sh. Lei, Yu Kacker, Raghu N. Kuhn, D. Richard GP IEEE Comp Soc TI An Input Space Modeling Methodology for Combinatorial Testing SO IEEE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION WORKSHOPS (ICSTW 2013) SE IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST) CY MAR 18-22, 2013 CL Luxembourg, LUXEMBOURG SP IEEE, P&T Luxembourg, IEE, SES, Fonds Natl Rech Luxembourg, Luxinnovation, Secur & Trust, Univ Luxembourg, Comp Sci & Commun Res Unit, Lab Adv Software Syst, IEEE Comp Soc DE Combinatorial Testing; Input Parameter Modeling; Software Testing ID CONCURRENT PROGRAMS; GENERATION; SOFTWARE; DESIGN AB The input space of a system must be modeled before combinatorial testing can be applied to this system. The effectiveness of combinatorial testing to a large extent depends on the quality of the input space model. In this paper we introduce an input space modeling methodology for combinatorial testing. The main idea is to consider the process of input space modeling as two steps, namely, input structure modeling and input parameter modeling. The first step tries to capture the structural relationship among different components in the input space. The second step tries to identify parameters, values, relations and constraints for individual components. We also suggest strategies about how to perform unit and integration testing based on the input space structure. We applied the proposed methodology to two real-life programs. We report our experience and results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. C1 [Borazjany, Mehra N.; Ghandehari, Laleh Sh.; Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kuhn, D. Richard] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Borazjany, MN (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM mehra.nourozborazjany@uta.edu; laleh.shikhgholamhosseing@uta.edu; ylei@uta.edu; raghu.kacker@nist.go; kuhn@nist.go FU Information Technology Lab of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB9H9178, 70NANB10H168] FX This work is supported by two grants (70NANB9H9178 and 70NANB10H168) from Information Technology Lab of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2159-4848 BN 978-0-7695-4993-4; 978-1-4799-1324-4 J9 IEEE ICST WORKSHOP PY 2013 BP 372 EP 381 DI 10.1109/ICSTW.2013.48 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA0SM UT WOS:000332185600057 ER PT J AU Crosson, S Yandle, T Stoffle, B AF Crosson, Scott Yandle, Tracy Stoffle, Brent TI Renegotiating property rights in the Florida golden crab fishery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE COMMONS LA English DT Article DE Chaceon fenneri; co-management; fisheries; golden crab; individual transferable quotas; ITQs; property rights; TURFs; territorial use rights fisheries ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; NEW-ZEALAND; US FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; COMANAGEMENT; LESSONS; SYSTEM; ITQS; SUSTAINABILITY; CONSOLIDATION AB The golden crab (Chaceon fenneri) supports a small, economically healthy fishery in south Florida. Crabbers in the fishery have successfully protected themselves against larger outside fishing interests in the past, and management has been stable for over 15 years. Why, then, did a portion of the fleet propose shifting to individual transferable quotas (ITQs)? Our findings suggest that proponents sought ITQ management because they believed it would further limit the ability of other crabbers to enter the fishery and act as a mechanism to legally preserve the informal and formal property rights that they have previously negotiated among themselves. Opponents believed that a shift to an ITQ regime would destroy those same property rights. We explore the implications of these findings to a broader understanding of property rights and natural resource management institutions, noting that the currently existing system closely resembles a territorial use rights fishery (TURF). C1 [Crosson, Scott; Stoffle, Brent] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Yandle, Tracy] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Crosson, S (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM scott.crosson@noaa.gov; tyandle@emory.edu; brent.stoffle@noaa.gov OI Crosson, Scott/0000-0002-8126-1282 NR 86 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU IGITUR, UTRECHT PUBLISHING & ARCHIVING SERVICES PI URTRECHT PA POSTBUS 80124, URTRECHT, 3508 TC, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-0281 J9 INT J COMMONS JI Int. J. Commons PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 521 EP 548 PG 28 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC4KQ UT WOS:000332490300013 ER PT J AU Becker, EJ Van Den Dool, H Pena, M AF Becker, Emily J. Van Den Dool, Huug Pena, Malaquias TI Short-Term Climate Extremes: Prediction Skill and Predictability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SEASONAL FORECASTS; EL-NINO; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURES; OSCILLATION; EVENTS; TRENDS; MODEL; ENSO C1 [Becker, Emily J.; Van Den Dool, Huug] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pena, Malaquias] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, IMSG,Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Becker, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, NCWCP, Climate Predict Ctr, W-NP5 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM emily.becker@noaa.gov FU CPPA [GC08-292] FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers whose attention and comments improved this paper. This work was supported by CPPA GC08-292, "Predictability of drought and other near surface extreme events in the Americas." NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC7CJ UT WOS:000332684300001 ER PT S AU Hunley, MT Orski, SV Beers, KL AF Hunley, Matthew T. Orski, Sara V. Beers, Kathryn L. BE Cheng, HN Gross, RA Smith, PB TI Metrology as a Tool To Understand Immobilized Enzyme Catalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization SO GREEN POLYMER CHEMISTRY: BIOCATALYSIS AND MATERIALS II SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 244th National Fall Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY AUG 19-23, 2012 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Hist Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ, Amer Chem Soc, Div Inorgan Chem, Soc Biol Inorgan Chem, Amer Chem Soc, Div Polymer Chem Inc ID POLYESTER SYNTHESIS; REACTIVITY RATIOS; QCM-D; ADSORPTION; LACTONE; INTERFACES; COPOLYMERIZATION; TEMPERATURE; MEDIA AB Enzyme-catalyzed polymerization provides a green alter-native to synthesize biodegradable polyesters over conven-tional heavy metal catalysts. Heterogeneous catalysis, where the enzyme is immobilized onto solid-supports, allows for easy catalyst removal and can increase the commercial feasibility of biocatalysis with a thorough understanding of the reaction kinetics and required process conditons. In this mini-review, we describe our comprehensive metrology approach to fully identify key parameters to control enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactones: development of predictive models of reaction kinetics, experimental models of the catalyst surface micro-environment, and on-line spectro-scopic analysis of reaction conversion for polyester homo-polymers and copolymers. Quantitative evaluation of enzyme-atic ROP illucidates advantages and limitations of current enzyme-catalyzed polymerizations and aids in the design of better reaction conditions and next generation catalysts. C1 [Hunley, Matthew T.; Orski, Sara V.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hunley, MT (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beers@nist.gov NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2895-5 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2013 VL 1144 BP 43 EP 57 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Polymer Science GA BA0KF UT WOS:000331590900005 ER PT B AU Bajcsy, P Vandecreme, A Brady, M AF Bajcsy, Peter Vandecreme, Antoine Brady, Mary BE Hu, X Lin, TY Raghavan, V Wah, B BaezaYates, R Fox, G Shahabi, C Smith, M Yang, Q Ghani, R Fan, W Lempel, R Nambiar, R TI Re-projection of Terabyte-Sized Images SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) CY OCT 06-09, 2013 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, CCF, Yahoo Labs, CISCO DE terabyte-sized images; re-projection; Deep Zoom AB This work addresses the problem of re-projecting a terabyte-sized 3D data set represented as a set of 2D Deep Zoom pyramids. In general, a re-projection for small 3D data sets is executed directly in RAM. However, RAM becomes a limiting factor for terabyte-sized 3D volumes formed by a stack of hundreds of megapixel to gigapixel 2D frames. We have benchmarked three methods to perform the re-projection computation in order to overcome the RAM limitation. C1 [Bajcsy, Peter; Vandecreme, Antoine; Brady, Mary] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bajcsy, P (reprint author), NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.bajcsy@nist.gov; antoine.vandecreme@nist.gov; mary.brady@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1292-6; 978-1-4799-1293-3 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA0BK UT WOS:000330831300243 ER PT B AU Bajcsy, P Vandecreme, A Amelot, J Nguyen, P Chalfoun, J Brady, M AF Bajcsy, Peter Vandecreme, Antoine Amelot, Julien Phuong Nguyen Chalfoun, Joe Brady, Mary BE Hu, X Lin, TY Raghavan, V Wah, B BaezaYates, R Fox, G Shahabi, C Smith, M Yang, Q Ghani, R Fan, W Lempel, R Nambiar, R TI Terabyte-sized Image Computations on Hadoop Cluster Platforms SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data) CY OCT 06-09, 2013 CL Santa Clara, CA SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, CCF, Yahoo Labs, CISCO DE Big Data Industry Standards; Big Data Open Platform; Big Data Applications and Infrastructure ID CLASSIFICATION; MICROSCOPY AB We present a characterization of four basic Terabyte-sized image computations on a Hadoop cluster in terms of their relative efficiency according to the modified Amdahl's law. The work is motivated by the lack of standard benchmarks and stress tests for big image processing operations on a Hadoop computer cluster platform. Our benchmark design and evaluations were performed on one of the three microscopy image sets, each consisting of over one half Terabyte. All image processing benchmarks executed on the NIST Raritan cluster with Hadoop were compared against baseline measurements, such as the Terasort/Teragen designed for Hadoop testing previously, image processing executions on a multiprocessor desktop and on NIST Raritan cluster using Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) with multiple configurations. By applying our methodology to assessing efficiencies of computations on computer cluster configurations, we could rank computation configurations and aid scientists in measuring the benefits of running image processing on a Hadoop cluster. C1 [Bajcsy, Peter; Vandecreme, Antoine; Amelot, Julien; Phuong Nguyen; Chalfoun, Joe; Brady, Mary] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bajcsy, P (reprint author), NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.bajcsy@nist.gov; antoine.vandecreme@nist.gov; julien.amelot@nist.gov; phuong.nguyen@nist.gov; joe.chalfoun@nist.gov; mary.brady@nist.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1292-6; 978-1-4799-1293-3 PY 2013 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BA0BK UT WOS:000330831300102 ER PT S AU Nave, G Sansonetti, CJ Pickering, JC Ruffoni, M Thorne, AP Liggins, F AF Nave, Gillian Sansonetti, Craig J. Pickering, Juliet C. Ruffoni, Matthew Thorne, Anne P. Liggins, Florence BE Gillaspy, JD Wiese, WL Podpaly, YA TI Atomic Data for Iron-group Elements of Astrophysical Interest. SO EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR DATA AND THEIR APPLICATIONS (ICAMDATA-2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications (ICAMDATA) CY SEP 30-OCT 04, 2012 CL Gaithersburg, MD ID TERM ANALYSIS; SPECTRUM AB The joint project between NIST and Imperial College London to measure spectra of singly-ionized iron-group elements using Fourier transform and high-resolution grating spectroscopy is described. C1 [Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nave, G (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1170-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1545 BP 27 EP 31 DI 10.1063/1.4815838 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BA0HJ UT WOS:000331261500003 ER PT S AU Wong-Ng, W AF Wong-Ng, W. BE Bansal, NP Singh, JP Ko, SW Castro, RHR Pickrell, G Manjooran, NJ Nair, KM Singh, G TI CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY AND PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THREE THERMOELECTRIC ALKALINE-EARTH COBALTATE (Ca-M-Co-O, M=Sr, Zn and La) SYSTEMS SO PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ADVANCED CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES V SE Ceramic Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials Science and Technology Conference (MS and T) CY OCT 07-12, 2012 CL Pittsburgh, PA ID THIN-FILMS; CA3CO2O6; OXIDES; SR; PEROVSKITES; CA3CO4O9; FAMILY; MERIT; POWER; BA AB Research interest in waste heat conversion using thermoelectric materials has increased substantially in recent years partly because of the increasing price of fuel and also due to the effect of greenhouse gas emissions. For waste heat energy conversion applications, oxide materials which have high temperature stability are potential candidates. Three phase diagrams of selected systems that contain low dimensional alkaline cobaltates (layers or chains), as well as the crystal chemistry and thermoelectric properties of selected thermoelectric oxides in these systems are summarized. Examples of compounds in these systems that are of interest as potential thermoelectric materials include (Ca,M)(3)Co4O9 (M=Sr, La), Ca-3(Co, M)(4)O-9 (M=Zn), A(n+2)Co(n)Co'O3n+3 (A=Sr, Ca), and Can+2(Co,Zn)(n)(Co,Zn)'O3n+3. C1 NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO 19 8SQ, ENGLAND SN 1042-1122 BN 978-1-118-74409-3 J9 CERAM TRANS PY 2013 VL 240 BP 349 EP 361 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Composites SC Materials Science GA BA0HO UT WOS:000331272400038 ER PT S AU Pollarolo, A Jeong, T Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Rogalla, H Tew, WL AF Pollarolo, A. Jeong, T. Benz, S. P. Dresselhaus, P. D. Rogalla, H. Tew, W. L. BE Meyer, CW TI Johnson-Noise Thermometry Based on a Quantized-Voltage Noise Source at NIST SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 8 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature - Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Los Angeles, CA SP US Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Measurement Sci Conf, Fluke Corp, Measurements Int, Chino Corp, ICL Calibrat Lab, INSCO Instrumentat Serv, Sensing Devices, Liu Res Lab, Thermoprobe, Rocky Mt Tissue Bank, Lake Shore Cryotron, Thermoworks, Tovey Engn, Palmer Wahl Instrumentat Grp DE Boltzmann constant; Johnson noise thermometry; Josephson array ID THERMAL AGITATION; CONDUCTORS; ELECTRICITY AB Johnson Noise Thermometry is an electronic approach to measuring temperature. For several years, NIST has been developing a switching-correlator-type Johnson-noise thermometer that uses a quantized voltage noise source as an accurate voltage reference. When this method is used to measure resistors at the triple-point of water, the system creates a direct electronic method for determining the ratio of the Boltzmann constant k to the Planck constant h. In 2010, NIST optimized the JNT system for use with 100 Omega sense resistors and produced a determination for k with a relative standard uncertainty of 12 x 10(-6). In order to further validate and improve the measurement method, we modified the system to operate with a 200 Omega resistor source instead of the 100 Omega source. In this paper, we summarize the technical challenges and achievements to date and project what is achievable in the near future. C1 [Pollarolo, A.; Jeong, T.; Benz, S. P.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Rogalla, H.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pollarolo, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1178-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1552 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1063/1.4821368 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BA0HP UT WOS:000331284900004 ER PT S AU Ripple, DC Murdock, WE Strouse, GF Gillis, KA Moldover, MR AF Ripple, D. C. Murdock, W. E. Strouse, G. F. Gillis, K. A. Moldover, M. R. BE Meyer, CW TI Room Temperature Acoustic Transducers for High-Temperature Thermometry SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 8 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature - Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Los Angeles, CA SP US Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Measurement Sci Conf, Fluke Corp, Measurements Int, Chino Corp, ICL Calibrat Lab, INSCO Instrumentat Serv, Sensing Devices, Liu Res Lab, Thermoprobe, Rocky Mt Tissue Bank, Lake Shore Cryotron, Thermoworks, Tovey Engn, Palmer Wahl Instrumentat Grp DE acoustic thermometer; acoustic transducers; high temperature; primary thermometry; speed of sound AB We have successfully conducted highly-accurate, primary acoustic thermometry at 600 K using a sound source and a sound detector located outside the thermostat, at room temperature. We describe the source, the detector, and the ducts that connected them to our cavity resonator. This transducer system preserved the purity of the argon gas, generated small, predictable perturbations to the acoustic resonance frequencies, and can be used well above 600 K. C1 [Ripple, D. C.; Murdock, W. E.; Strouse, G. F.; Gillis, K. A.; Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ripple, DC (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1178-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1552 BP 44 EP 49 DI 10.1063/1.4819513 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BA0HP UT WOS:000331284900008 ER PT S AU Yamazawa, K Tew, WL Pollarolo, A Rogalla, H Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Yamazawa, K. Tew, W. L. Pollarolo, A. Rogalla, H. Dresselhaus, P. D. Benz, S. P. BE Meyer, CW TI Improvements to the Johnson Noise Thermometry System for Measurements at 505-800 K SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 8 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature - Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Los Angeles, CA SP US Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Measurement Sci Conf, Fluke Corp, Measurements Int, Chino Corp, ICL Calibrat Lab, INSCO Instrumentat Serv, Sensing Devices, Liu Res Lab, Thermoprobe, Rocky Mt Tissue Bank, Lake Shore Cryotron, Thermoworks, Tovey Engn, Palmer Wahl Instrumentat Grp DE Johnson Noise Thermometry; Thermodynamic temperature measurement; Quantized Voltage Noise Source ID THERMAL AGITATION; CONDUCTORS AB We report new results for Johnson noise thermometry in the range 693 K to 800 K. The results are based on operation of a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS) which serves as a reference for the relative noise power spectral density. This paper describes the modifications to the system in order to overcome the limitations in our previous work and furthermore enable measurements of T-T-90 at higher temperatures. C1 [Yamazawa, K.; Tew, W. L.; Rogalla, H.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yamazawa, K (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NIST Temperature; Humidity Group; JSPS Institutional Program; [22246013.] FX This collaboration was supported by the NIST Temperature and Humidity Group and the JSPS Institutional Program for Young Researcher OverseasVisits. The amplifiers were funded by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) project (A) 22246013. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1178-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1552 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1063/1.4819514 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BA0HP UT WOS:000331284900009 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, GP Yoon, HW Neira, J Khromchenko, VB Gibson, CE Smith, AW AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Yoon, H. W. Neira, J. Khromchenko, V. B. Gibson, C. E. Smith, A. W. BE Meyer, CW TI Comparison of Laser-Based and Monochromator-Based Thermodynamic Temperature Measurements SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 8 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature - Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Los Angeles, CA SP US Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Measurement Sci Conf, Fluke Corp, Measurements Int, Chino Corp, ICL Calibrat Lab, INSCO Instrumentat Serv, Sensing Devices, Liu Res Lab, Thermoprobe, Rocky Mt Tissue Bank, Lake Shore Cryotron, Thermoworks, Tovey Engn, Palmer Wahl Instrumentat Grp DE blackbody temperature measurement; kelvin; photopic filter; radiance responsivity; radiation thermometer; thermodynamic temperature measurement AB In this work, we describe comparisons between a laser-based and a monochromator-based radiance responsivity calibration of a radiation thermometer. The spectral selection of the radiation thermometer is performed using a spectrally broad photopic-response filter which was selected to minimize effects of convolution differences due to the spectral width of the laser-and the monochromator-based sources. The photopic-response filter is physically thick, which should also reduce possible interference fringes which can be problematic in the laser-based calibrations. We compare the radiance responsivities obtained using the two approaches and also compare the blackbody temperatures determined using the detector/monochromator based and the gold-point based calibration methods. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Yoon, H. W.; Gibson, C. E.; Smith, A. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1178-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1552 BP 60 EP 64 DI 10.1063/1.4819516 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BA0HP UT WOS:000331284900011 ER PT S AU Harvey, AH McLinden, MO Tew, WL AF Harvey, A. H. McLinden, M. O. Tew, W. L. BE Meyer, CW TI Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Study of the Effect of Atmospheric Pressure on the Ice Point SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 8 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature - Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Los Angeles, CA SP US Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Measurement Sci Conf, Fluke Corp, Measurements Int, Chino Corp, ICL Calibrat Lab, INSCO Instrumentat Serv, Sensing Devices, Liu Res Lab, Thermoprobe, Rocky Mt Tissue Bank, Lake Shore Cryotron, Thermoworks, Tovey Engn, Palmer Wahl Instrumentat Grp DE fixed point; Henry's law; ice point; pressure; thermometry ID EQUATION-OF-STATE; TRIPLE-POINT; FLUID REGION; WATER; TEMPERATURES; MPA; DENSITY; AIR AB We present a detailed thermodynamic analysis of the temperature of the ice point as a function of atmospheric pressure. This analysis makes use of accurate international standards for the properties of water and ice, and of available high-accuracy data for the Henry's constants of atmospheric gases in liquid water. The result is an ice point of 273.150 019(5) K at standard atmospheric pressure, with higher ice-point temperatures (varying nearly linearly with pressure) at lower pressures. The effect of varying ambient CO2 concentration is analyzed and found to be significant in comparison to other uncertainties in the model. The thermodynamic analysis is compared with experimental measurements of the temperature difference between the ice point and the triple point of water performed at elevations ranging from 145 m to 4302 m, with atmospheric pressures from 101 kPa to 60 kPa. C1 [Harvey, A. H.; McLinden, M. O.] NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, AH (reprint author), NIST, Thermophys Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1178-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1552 BP 221 EP 226 DI 10.1063/1.4819543 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BA0HP UT WOS:000331284900038 ER PT S AU Tew, WL Meyer, CW AF Tew, W. L. Meyer, C. W. BE Meyer, CW TI Normal and Anomalous Self-Heating in Capsule-type Resistance Thermometers in the Range 1 K to 273 K SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 8 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature - Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Los Angeles, CA SP US Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Measurement Sci Conf, Fluke Corp, Measurements Int, Chino Corp, ICL Calibrat Lab, INSCO Instrumentat Serv, Sensing Devices, Liu Res Lab, Thermoprobe, Rocky Mt Tissue Bank, Lake Shore Cryotron, Thermoworks, Tovey Engn, Palmer Wahl Instrumentat Grp DE Self-heating coefficient; resistance thermometer; thermal impedance; rhodium-iron; standard platinum ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; HELIUM AB The normal self-heating coefficient for standard capsule-type resistance thermometers is gas-mediated over most of their designed range of use. This is readily modeled and calculated for thermometers with helium fill gas from known transport properties for temperatures above the superfluid-film transition at 1.3 K. Anomalous self-heating exists in certain capsules where air contamination has occurred, and this observed self-heating is compared with predictions from the thermal conductivity of gas mixtures. The experimental aspects of the self-heating measurements are described as well as certain aspects of the thermal transport modeling. Some associated interpolation errors are described and useful screening techniques are suggested for capsule thermometers over cryogenic temperature ranges. C1 [Tew, W. L.; Meyer, C. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tew, WL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1178-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1552 BP 451 EP 456 DI 10.1063/1.4819583 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA BA0HP UT WOS:000331284900078 ER PT S AU Tew, WL Murdock, WE Chojnacky, MJ Ripple, DC AF Tew, W. L. Murdock, W. E. Chojnacky, M. J. Ripple, D. C. BE Meyer, CW TI The Residual and Temperature-Dependent Resistance of Reference-Grade Platinum Wire Below 13.8 K SO TEMPERATURE: ITS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL IN SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY, VOL 8 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature - Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry CY MAR 19-23, 2012 CL Los Angeles, CA SP US Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Measurement Sci Conf, Fluke Corp, Measurements Int, Chino Corp, ICL Calibrat Lab, INSCO Instrumentat Serv, Sensing Devices, Liu Res Lab, Thermoprobe, Rocky Mt Tissue Bank, Lake Shore Cryotron, Thermoworks, Tovey Engn, Palmer Wahl Instrumentat Grp DE reference grade platinum; Pt-67; Standard Reference Materials; Residual Resistance Ratio ID MATTHIESSENS-RULE; DEVIATIONS; ALLOYS AB We report the Residual Resistance Ratio (RRR) and resistance ratio W(GaMP) (gallium melting point) values for well-annealed samples of the original NIST platinum thermoelectric standard (SRM 1967), for its contemporary substitute SRM 1967a, and for a collection of NIST capsule-type SPRTs. The RRR dependence on annealing temperature is investigated and our results are compared with calculations based on contemporary chemical impurity analyses. The data are corrected to remove temperature-dependent components to derive the RRR at 0 K using W(T) data over the range 1 K2 data. NR 71 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 11 U2 74 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 22 BP 11551 EP 11571 DI 10.5194/acp-13-11551-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 263NX UT WOS:000327816400026 ER PT J AU Spada, M Jorba, O Garcia-Pando, CP Janjic, Z Baldasano, JM AF Spada, M. Jorba, O. Garcia-Pando, C. Perez Janjic, Z. Baldasano, J. M. TI Modeling and evaluation of the global sea-salt aerosol distribution: sensitivity to emission schemes and resolution effects at coastal/orographic sites SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; NMMB/BSC-DUST MODEL; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; CLIMATE; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; SATELLITE; AERONET; MASS AB One of the major sources of uncertainty in model estimates of the global sea-salt aerosol distribution is the emission parameterization. We evaluate a new sea-salt aerosol life cycle module coupled to the online multiscale chemical transport model NMMB/BSC-CTM. We compare 5 yr global simulations using five state-of-the-art sea-salt open-ocean emission schemes with monthly averaged coarse aerosol optical depth (AOD) from selected AERONET sun photometers, surface concentration measurements from the University of Miami's Ocean Aerosol Network, and measurements from two NOAA/PMEL cruises (AEROINDOEX and ACE1). Model results are highly sensitive to the introduction of sea-surface-temperature (SST)-dependent emissions and to the accounting of spume particles production. Emission ranges from 3888 Tg yr(-1) to 8114 Tg yr(-1), lifetime varies between 7.3 h and 11.3 h, and the average column mass load is between 5.0 Tg and 7.2 Tg. Coarse AOD is reproduced with an overall correlation of around 0.5 and with normalized biases ranging from +8.8% to +38.8 %. Surface concentration is simulated with normalized biases ranging from -9.5% to +28% and the overall correlation is around 0.5. Our results indicate that SST-dependent emission schemes improve the overall model performance in reproducing surface concentrations. On the other hand, they lead to an overestimation of the coarse AOD at tropical latitudes, although it may be affected by uncertainties in the comparison due to the use of all-sky model AOD, the treatment of water uptake, deposition and optical properties in the model and/or an inaccurate size distribution at emission. C1 [Spada, M.; Jorba, O.; Baldasano, J. M.] Ctr Nacl Supercomp, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Garcia-Pando, C. Perez] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. [Garcia-Pando, C. Perez] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Janjic, Z.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Baldasano, J. M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. RP Spada, M (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Supercomp, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. EM michele.spada@bsc.es; oriol.jorba@bsc.es OI Perez Garcia-Pando, Carlos/0000-0002-4456-0697; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244 FU Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050]; Severo Ochoa Program [SEV-2011-00067]; Spanish Government FX We would like to thank the scientists of the AERONET Program, the University of Miami Ocean Aerosol Network, the NOAA/PMEL Laboratory, and the AEROCOM Project for establishing and providing data from the stations/cruises/models used in this work. In particular, we thank J. Prospero for his personal communications and M. Schulz for providing postprocessing of the University of Miami Ocean Aerosol Network data set. We also thank F. Benincasa for technical support. BSC acknowledges the support from projects CGL2010/19652, "Supercomputacion and e-ciencia" Project (CSD2007-0050) from the Consolider-Ingenio 2010 program of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the support from the grant SEV-2011-00067 of Severo Ochoa Program, awarded by the Spanish Government. Simulations were performed in the Marenostrum Supercomputer at BSC. The two Anonymous Reviewers are gratefully acknowledged for their detailed and helpful comments. NR 73 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 23 BP 11735 EP 11755 DI 10.5194/acp-13-11735-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 274OV UT WOS:000328616800009 ER PT J AU Hossaini, R Mantle, H Chipperfield, MP Montzka, SA Hamer, P Ziska, E Quack, B Kruger, K Tegtmeier, S Atlas, E Sala, S Engel, A Bonisch, H Keber, T Oram, D Mills, G Ordonez, C Saiz-Lopez, A Warwick, N Liang, Q Feng, W Moore, E Miller, BR Marecal, V Richards, NAD Dorf, M Pfeilsticker, K AF Hossaini, R. Mantle, H. Chipperfield, M. P. Montzka, S. A. Hamer, P. Ziska, E. Quack, B. Krueger, K. Tegtmeier, S. Atlas, E. Sala, S. Engel, A. Boenisch, H. Keber, T. Oram, D. Mills, G. Ordonez, C. Saiz-Lopez, A. Warwick, N. Liang, Q. Feng, W. Moore, E. Miller, B. R. Marecal, V. Richards, N. A. D. Dorf, M. Pfeilsticker, K. TI Evaluating global emission inventories of biogenic bromocarbons SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC BR-Y; SHORT-LIVED SUBSTANCES; ORGANIC BROMINE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE MODEL; WEST PACIFIC; SOUTH-POLE; OZONE LOSS AB Emissions of halogenated very short-lived substances (VSLS) are poorly constrained. However, their inclusion in global models is required to simulate a realistic inorganic bromine (Br-y) loading in both the troposphere, where bromine chemistry perturbs global oxidising capacity, and in the stratosphere, where it is a major sink for ozone (O-3). We have performed simulations using a 3-D chemical transport model (CTM) including three top-down and a single bottom-up derived emission inventory of the major brominated VSLS bromoform (CHBr3) and dibromomethane (CH2Br2). We perform the first concerted evaluation of these inventories, comparing both the magnitude and spatial distribution of emissions. For a quantitative evaluation of each inventory, model output is compared with independent long-term observations at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ground-based stations and with aircraft observations made during the NSF (National Science Foundation) HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) project. For CHBr3, the mean absolute deviation between model and surface observation ranges from 0.22 (38 %) to 0.78 (115 %) parts per trillion (ppt) in the tropics, depending on emission inventory. For CH2Br2, the range is 0.17 (24 %) to 1.25 (167 %) ppt. We also use aircraft observations made during the 2011 Stratospheric Ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere (SHIVA) campaign, in the tropical western Pacific. Here, the performance of the various inventories also varies significantly, but overall the CTM is able to reproduce observed CHBr3 well in the free troposphere using an inventory based on observed sea-to-air fluxes. Finally, we identify the range of uncertainty associated with these VSLS emission inventories on stratospheric bromine loading due to VSLS (Br-y(VSLS)). Our simulations show Br-y(VSLS) ranges from similar to 4.0 to 8.0 ppt depending on the inventory. We report an optimised estimate at the lower end of this range (similar to 4 ppt) based on combining the CHBr3 and CH2Br2 inventories which give best agreement with the compilation of observations in the tropics. C1 [Hossaini, R.; Mantle, H.; Chipperfield, M. P.; Feng, W.; Richards, N. A. D.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, ICAS, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Montzka, S. A.; Moore, E.; Miller, B. R.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Ziska, E.; Quack, B.; Krueger, K.; Tegtmeier, S.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sala, S.; Engel, A.; Boenisch, H.; Keber, T.] Univ Frankfurt Main, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Frankfurt, Germany. [Oram, D.; Mills, G.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Ordonez, C.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Saiz-Lopez, A.] CSIC, Inst Phys Chem Rocasolano, Atmospher Chem & Climate Grp, Madrid, Spain. [Warwick, N.] Univ Cambridge, NCAS, Cambridge, England. [Liang, Q.] GESTAR, Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Dorf, M.; Pfeilsticker, K.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. RP Hossaini, R (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, ICAS, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM r.hossaini@see.leeds.ac.uk RI Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Liang, Qing/B-1276-2011; FENG, WUHU/B-8327-2008; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/B-3759-2015; Hossaini, Ryan/F-7134-2015; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Ordonez, Carlos/F-1450-2016; Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014 OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; FENG, WUHU/0000-0002-9907-9120; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso/0000-0002-0060-1581; Ordonez, Carlos/0000-0003-2990-0195; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); EU [SHIVA-226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1]; National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS); National Science Foundation (NSF) FX This work was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) and the EU Stratospheric Ozone: Halogen Impacts in a Varying Atmosphere (SHIVA) project (SHIVA-226224-FP7-ENV-2008-1). TOMCAT work is suported by the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). NOAA measurements were supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program of its Climate Program Office. Technical assistance, standardisation, and programmatic support for NOAA flask measurements was provided by C. Siso, B. Hall, and J. W. Elkins. The HIPPO project was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). NR 60 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 23 BP 11819 EP 11838 DI 10.5194/acp-13-11819-2013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 274OV UT WOS:000328616800014 ER PT J AU Kaser, L Karl, T Guenther, A Graus, M Schnitzhofer, R Turnipseed, A Fischer, L Harley, P Madronich, M Gochis, D Keutsch, EN Hansel, A AF Kaser, L. Karl, T. Guenther, A. Graus, M. Schnitzhofer, R. Turnipseed, A. Fischer, L. Harley, P. Madronich, M. Gochis, D. Keutsch, E. N. Hansel, A. TI Undisturbed and disturbed above canopy ponderosa pine emissions: PTR-TOF-MS measurements and MEGAN 2.1 model results SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PROTON-TRANSFER REACTION; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REACTIVE CARBON; FOREST; GASES; PLANTATION; AEROSOLS AB We present the first eddy covariance flux measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) above a ponderosa pine forest in Colorado, USA. The high mass resolution of the PTR-TOF-MS enabled the identification of chemical sum formulas. During a 30 day measurement period in August and September 2010, 649 different ion mass peaks were detected in the ambient air mass spectrum (including primary ions and mass calibration compounds). Eddy covariance with the vertical wind speed was calculated for all ion mass peaks. On a typical day, 17 ion mass peaks, including protonated parent compounds, their fragments and isotopes as well as VOC-H+-water clusters, showed a significant flux with daytime average emissions above a reliable flux threshold of 0.1 mg compound m(-2) h(-1). These ion mass peaks could be assigned to seven compound classes. The main flux contributions during daytime (10:00-18:00 LT) are attributed to the sum of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO) and isoprene (50 %), methanol (12 %), the sum of acetic acid and glycolaldehyde (10%) and the sum of monoterpenes (10 %). The total MBO + isoprene flux was composed of 10 % isoprene and 90 % MBO. There was good agreement between the light-and temperature dependency of the sum of MBO and isoprene observed for this work and those of earlier studies. The above canopy flux measurements of the sum of MBO and isoprene and the sum of monoterpenes were compared to emissions calculated using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN 2.1). The best agreement between MEGAN 2.1 and measurements was reached using emission factors determined from site-specific leaf cuvette measurements. While the modeled and measured MBO + isoprene fluxes agree well, the emissions of the sum of monoterpenes is underestimated by MEGAN 2.1. This is expected as some factors impacting monoterpene emissions, such as physical damage of needles and branches due to storms, are not included in MEGAN 2.1. After a severe hailstorm event, 22 ion mass peaks (attributed to six compound classes plus some unknown compounds) showed an elevated flux for the two following days. The sum of monoterpene emissions was 4-23 times higher compared to emissions prior to the hailstorm while MBO emissions remained unchanged. The monoterpene emission (in mg compound m(-2)) during this measurement period is underestimated by 40 % if the effect of this disturbance source is not considered. C1 [Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Kaser, L.; Karl, T.; Guenther, A.; Turnipseed, A.; Harley, P.; Madronich, M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Graus, M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Graus, M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fischer, L.] Ionimed Analyt GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria. [Gochis, D.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Keutsch, E. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hansel, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM armin.hansel@uibk.ac.at RI Harley, Peter/E-1856-2014; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Harley, Peter/0000-0002-2647-1973; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; FU Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L518-N20]; DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Science; EC [334084]; National Science Foundation [ATM 0852406] FX This work was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under the project number L518-N20. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship from the National Science Foundation. L. Kaser is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Science. This work was also supported by the EC Seventh Framework Program (Marie Curie Reintegration Program, "ALP-AIR", grant no. 334084) to T. K. F. N. Keutsch wishes to thank the National Science Foundation for financial support (ATM 0852406). The authors would like to thank the BEACHON ROCS science team that assured the success of this measurement campaign. NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 48 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 23 BP 11935 EP 11947 DI 10.5194/acp-13-11935-2013 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 274OV UT WOS:000328616800021 ER PT J AU Gray, L Burgess, D Copland, L Cullen, R Galin, N Hawley, R Helm, V AF Gray, L. Burgess, D. Copland, L. Cullen, R. Galin, N. Hawley, R. Helm, V. TI Interferometric swath processing of Cryosat data for glacial ice topography SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID RADAR INTERFEROMETRY; SATELLITE RADAR; ALTIMETER; SLOPE; SHEET AB We have derived digital elevation models (DEMs) over the western part of the Devon Ice Cap in Nunavut, Canada, using "swath processing" of interferometric data collected by Cryosat between February 2011 and January 2012. With the standard ESA (European Space Agency) SARIn (synthetic aperture radar interferometry) level 2 (L2) data product, the interferometric mode is used to map the cross-track position and elevation of the "point-of-closest-approach" (POCA) in sloping glacial terrain. However, in this work we explore the extent to which the phase of the returns in the intermediate L1b product can also be used to map the heights of time-delayed footprints beyond the POCA. We show that there is a range of average cross-track slopes (similar to 0.5 to similar to 2 degrees) for which the returns will be dominated by those beneath the satellite in the main beam of the antenna so that the resulting interferometric phase allows mapping of heights in the delayed range window beyond the POCA. In this way a swath of elevation data is mapped, allowing the creation of DEMs from a sequence of L1b SARIn Cryosat data takes. Comparison of the Devon results with airborne scanning laser data showed a mean difference of order 1 m with a standard deviation of about 1 m. The limitations of swath processing, which generates almost 2 orders of magnitude more data than traditional radar altimetry, are explored through simulation, and the strengths and weaknesses of the technique are discussed. C1 [Gray, L.; Copland, L.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Burgess, D.] Geol Survey Canada, NRCan, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Galin, N.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hawley, R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Earth Sci, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Helm, V.] Alfred Wegener Inst, Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. RP Gray, L (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Dept Geog, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM laurence.gray@sympatico.ca FU ESA; Natural Resources Canada [20130133]; NSERC; NASA [NNX10AG22G]; German Ministry of Economics and Technology [50EE1008]; Canadian Space Agency FX ESA provided the Cryosat data and supported the Devon Ice Cap cal/val experiment through the CRYOVEX overflights. The Technical University of Denmark team, led by Rene Forsberg, operated the CRYOVEX instruments and processed the airborne laser scanner (ALS) altimeter data used as the reference data. Mike Demuth, GSC, initially led the Canadian Cryosat-related work on the Devon Ice Cap, his contributions are gratefully acknowledged. D. Wingham, the driving force behind Cryosat and formerly Principal Scientist, provided useful input and encouragement for the initial stages of this work. Natural Resources Canada (D. Burgess, ESS Contribution number 20130133), NSERC (L. Copland), NASA (grant NNX10AG22G to R. Hawley), the German Ministry of Economics and Technology (Grant 50EE1008 to V. Helm), and the Canadian Space Agency (GRIP grant to D. Burgess) have supported this work. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2013 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1857 EP 1867 DI 10.5194/tc-7-1857-2013 PG 11 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 273OY UT WOS:000328546300013 ER PT J AU Deems, JS Painter, TH Barsugli, JJ Belnap, J Udall, B AF Deems, J. S. Painter, T. H. Barsugli, J. J. Belnap, J. Udall, B. TI Combined impacts of current and future dust deposition and regional warming on Colorado River Basin snow dynamics and hydrology SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; WATER-RESOURCES; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; RUNOFF; VARIABILITY AB The Colorado River provides water to 40 million people in seven western states and two countries and to 5.5 million irrigated acres. The river has long been over-allocated. Climate models project runoff losses of 5-20 % from the basin by mid-21st century due to human-induced climate change. Recent work has shown that decreased snow albedo from anthropogenic dust loading to the CO mountains shortens the duration of snow cover by several weeks relative to conditions prior to western expansion of the US in the mid-1800s, and advances peak runoff at Lees Ferry, Arizona, by an average of 3 weeks. Increases in evapotranspiration from earlier exposure of soils and germination of plants have been estimated to decrease annual runoff by more than 1.0 billion cubic meters, or similar to 5% of the annual average. This prior work was based on observed dust loadings during 2005-2008; however, 2009 and 2010 saw unprecedented levels of dust loading on snowpacks in the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB), being on the order of 5 times the 2005-2008 loading. Building on our prior work, we developed a new snow albedo decay parameterization based on observations in 2009/10 to mimic the radiative forcing of extreme dust deposition. We convolve low, moderate, and extreme dust/snow albedos with both historic climate forcing and two future climate scenarios via a delta method perturbation of historic records. Compared to moderate dust, extreme dust absorbs 2 x to 4 x the solar radiation, and shifts peak snowmelt an additional 3 weeks earlier to a total of 6 weeks earlier than pre-disturbance. The extreme dust scenario reduces annual flow volume an additional 1% (6 % compared to pre-disturbance), a smaller difference than from low to moderate dust scenarios due to melt season shifting into a season of lower evaporative demand. The sensitivity of flow timing to dust radiative forcing of snow albedo is maintained under future climate scenarios, but the sensitivity of flow volume reductions decreases with increased climate forcing. These results have implications for water management and suggest that dust abatement efforts could be an important component of any climate adaptation strategies in the UCRB. C1 [Deems, J. S.; Barsugli, J. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Deems, J. S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Painter, T. H.] CALTECH, NASA Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Barsugli, J. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Belnap, J.] US Geol Survey, Moab, UT USA. [Udall, B.] Univ Colorado, Sch Law, Getches Wilkinson Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Deems, JS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM deems@nsidc.org RI Barsugli, Joseph/K-3541-2015; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Barsugli, Joseph/0000-0002-3078-6396; Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU NOAA Climate Program Office through the Western Water Assessment RISA at CIRES, University of Colorado-Boulder; NASA [NNX10AO97G] FX Thanks to C. Landry and the Center for Snow and Avalanche Sciences for sustained snow energy balance monitoring, L. Brekke at the Bureau of Reclamation for providing regridded climate model projections, to M. Elsner and A. Hamlet for VIC model technical assistance and discussions, and to R. Reynolds for a technical review. We also thank T. Meixner and an anonymous reviewer for substantive critiques that improved the readability and clarity of the manuscript. This research was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office through the Western Water Assessment RISA at CIRES, University of Colorado-Boulder, and by NASA under Interdisciplinary Sciences grant # NNX10AO97G. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. NR 44 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 11 BP 4401 EP 4413 DI 10.5194/hess-17-4401-2013 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 263IG UT WOS:000327800700008 ER PT J AU Holland, DS AF Holland, Daniel S. TI Making Cents Out of Barter Data from the British Columbia Groundfish ITQ Market SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Individual quota; markets; fisheries; barter ID MINIMUM INFORMATION-MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; BYCATCH AB Quota prices in fisheries managed with individual transferable quotas (ITQs) can reveal information about the fishery that can be useful to participants and fishery managers. However, there has been relatively little study of quota markets and no published analysis of market transactions that involve barter (quota for quota) transactions which are frequently observed in multispecies ITQ systems. I propose a modified hedonic method for estimating implicit prices from these transactions and test it with Monte Carlo experiments before applying it to quota market data. The empirical analysis of implicit quota pound values from barter trades in the British Columbia groundfish ITQ supports anecdotal evidence that quota pound values do not rise above ex-vessel values even for "bycatch" species that are consfraining catch of other species. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dan.holland@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2013 VL 28 IS 4 BP 311 EP 330 PG 20 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 277FX UT WOS:000328805500001 ER PT J AU Scanlon, B Wick, GA Ward, B AF Scanlon, B. Wick, G. A. Ward, B. TI Near-surface diurnal warming simulations: validation with high resolution profile measurements SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OCEANIC MIXED-LAYER; COOL-SKIN; TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE; WESTERN PACIFIC; WAVES; DISSIPATION; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; RADIATION; MODEL AB Sea surface temperature (SST) is an important property for governing the exchange of energy between the ocean and the atmosphere. Common in situ methods of measuring SST often require a cool-skin and warm-layer adjustment in the presence of diurnal warming effects. A critical requirement for an ocean submodel is that it can simulate the change in SST over diurnal, seasonal and annual cycles. In this paper we use high-resolution near-surface profiles of SST to validate simulated near-surface temperature profiles from a modified version of the Kantha and Clayson 1-D mixed-layer model. Additional model enhancements such as the incorporation of a more recent parameterization of turbulence generated by wave breaking and a recent solar absorption model are also validated. The model simulations show a strong variability in highly stratified conditions, with different models providing the best results depending on the specific criteria and conditions. In general, the models with enhanced wave breaking effects provided underestimated temperature profiles while the more coarse baseline and blended approaches produced the most accurate SST estimates. C1 [Scanlon, B.; Ward, B.] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. [Scanlon, B.; Ward, B.] Natl Univ Ireland, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland. [Wick, G. A.] NOAA ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ward, B (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Phys, Galway, Ireland. EM bward@nuigalway.ie FU Research Council of Norway [207541]; EU [264879]; FP7 International Reintegration Grant [IRG-224776] FX Support for B. Scanlon was provided by the Research Council of Norway (Grant 207541: OILWAVE) and the EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE under grant agreement no. 264879. B. Ward was supported by the FP7 International Reintegration Grant IRG-224776. The captain and crew of the R/V Melville, R/V Urania, and R/V Suroit are thanked for their able assistance. We are very grateful to Peter Minnett who provided the M-AERI data for this study. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 6 BP 977 EP 986 DI 10.5194/os-9-977-2013 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 273NU UT WOS:000328542800002 ER PT B AU Deepa, T Rajaguru, S Kumar, R AF Deepa, T. Rajaguru, S. Kumar, R. GP IEEE TI Performance Analysis of SIMO and MIMO System with Equalization SO 2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICCSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP) CY APR 03-05, 2013 CL Adhiparasakthi Engn Coll, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Melmaruvathur, INDIA SP IEEE, IEEE Madras Sect HO Adhiparasakthi Engn Coll, Dept Elect & Commun Engn DE MIMO; MMSE; ML; ZFE ID CAPACITY AB Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission system is one of the recent and the most promising technology which uses multiple antennas in the transmitter as well as receiver side and is currently used for high-rate wireless communication. However, Multi-path propagation leads to ISI in MIMO wireless receiver. To eliminate ISI, we need to equalize the received signal. Equalizers like Zero forcing equalizer (ZFE), minimum mean square error (MMSE) and maximum likelihood (ML) detection algorithms can be employed in time domain for this purpose. In MIMO, many receiver algorithms have been used for the detection of the transmitted symbols. In this paper, some of the detection algorithms are discussed with SIMO and MIMO systems and they are compared based on BER performance. Simulation result shows that ML detection algorithm outperforms the equalizer based detection algorithms namely, ZF, MMSE. C1 [Deepa, T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Deepa, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4866-9; 978-1-4673-4865-2 PY 2013 BP 236 EP 239 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIC12 UT WOS:000327328000049 ER PT B AU Manukonda, S Sridhar, K Samundiswary, P AF Manukonda, Saketh Sridhar, K. Samundiswary, P. GP IEEE TI UWB Suppression of Simultaneous Switching Noise Using Multi-Slit L-bridge EBG Structure SO 2013 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING (ICCSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP) CY APR 03-05, 2013 CL Adhiparasakthi Engn Coll, Dept Elect & Commun Engn, Melmaruvathur, INDIA SP IEEE, IEEE Madras Sect HO Adhiparasakthi Engn Coll, Dept Elect & Commun Engn DE Mixed Signal Systems; Multi-slit L-bridge Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure; Power Distribution Network (PDN); Switching Noise (SSN) ID GROUND BOUNCE NOISE; BANDGAP POWER PLANE; HIGH-SPEED CIRCUITS; MITIGATION; SURFACE AB Recent technologies forcing the integration of Radio Frequency (RF) circuits with high speed digital circuits in Mixed Signal Systems. Ground Bounce Noise suppression has become the major issue during the design of the mixed signal circuits. Generally Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures are used for the suppression of GBN in mixed signal systems. L-bridge EBG structure with slit is one of the best EBG to suppress GBN over UWB frequency range. However Multi slit L-bridge EBG structure can further attenuate the GBN in mixed signal systems. This paper efficiently isolates the noise in Mixed Signal Systems in an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) frequency range. A new EBG structure is realized with a combination of L-shaped Bridge and slit EBG structure with multi slit EBG structure. In this configuration the L-shaped bridge with slit remained same and an extra slit is incorporated parallel to the basic slit. This configuration provides GBN suppression covering UWB frequency range. Multi-slit L-bridge EBG (ML-EBG) structure based Power Distribution Network (PDN) provides an excellent isolation (-80 dB to -120 dB) in UWB frequency range. The ability of ML-EBG structure to isolate GBN has been quantified in this paper. C1 [Manukonda, Saketh] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Manukonda, S (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sakethmanukonda@boulder.nist.gov; sridhar@lamar.colostate.edu; samundiswary@nrim.go.jp NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4866-9; 978-1-4673-4865-2 PY 2013 BP 447 EP 450 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIC12 UT WOS:000327328000092 ER PT J AU Daneshian, M Botana, LM Bottein, MYD Buckland, G Campas, M Dennison, N Dickey, RW Diogene, J Fessard, V Hartung, T Humpage, A Leist, M Molgo, J Quilliam, MA Rovida, C Suarez-Isla, BA Tubaro, A Wagner, K Zoller, O Dietrich, D AF Daneshian, Mardas Botana, Luis M. Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Buckland, Gemma Campas, Monica Dennison, Ngaire Dickey, Robert W. Diogene, Jorge Fessard, Valerie Hartung, Thomas Humpage, Andrew Leist, Marcel Molgo, Jordi Quilliam, Michael A. Rovida, Costanza Suarez-Isla, Benjamin A. Tubaro, Aurelia Wagner, Kristina Zoller, Otmar Dietrich, Daniel TI A Roadmap for Hazard Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Marine Biotoxins on the Basis of Chemical and Biological Test Systems SO ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION LA English DT Article DE marine biotoxins; risk assessment; consumer protection; regulatory toxicology ID PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; RECEPTOR-BINDING ASSAY; ALEXANDRIUM-OSTENFELDII DINOPHYCEAE; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LC-MS/MS ANALYSIS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SINGLE-LABORATORY VALIDATION; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS AB Aquatic food accounts for over 40% of global animal food products, and the potential contamination with toxins of algal origin - marine biotoxins - poses a health threat for consumers, The gold standards to assess toxins in aquatic food have traditionally been in vivo methods, i.e., the mouse as well as the rat bioassay. Besides ethical concerns, there is also a need for more reliable test methods because of low inter-species comparability, high intra-species variability, the high number of false positive and negative results as well as questionable extrapolation of quantitative risk to humans. For this reason, a transatlantic group of experts in the field of marine biotoxins was convened from academia and regulatory safety authorities to discuss future approaches to marine biotoxin testing. In this report they provide a background on the toxin classes, on their chemical characterization, the epidemiology, on risk assessment and management, as well as on their assumed mode of action. Most importantly, physiological functional assays such as in vitro bioassays and also analytical techniques, e.g., liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (LC-MS), as substitutes for the rodent bioassay are reviewed. This forms the basis for recommendations on methodologies for hazard monitoring and risk assessment, establishment of causality of intoxications in human cases, a roadmap for research and development of human-relevant functional assays, as well as new approaches for a consumer directed safety concept. C1 [Daneshian, Mardas; Hartung, Thomas; Leist, Marcel; Rovida, Costanza; Dietrich, Daniel] Univ Konstanz, CAAT Europe, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Botana, Luis M.] USC Campus Lugo, Dept Pharmacol, Fac Vet Sci, Lugo, Spain. [Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui] NOAA, Ctr Human Hlth Risk, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Buckland, Gemma] Humane Soc Int, Washington, DC USA. [Campas, Monica; Diogene, Jorge] IRTA, Marine Monitoring & Food Safety Subprogram, San Carlos de la Rapita, Spain. [Dennison, Ngaire] Home Off, Anim Sci Regulat Unit, Dundee, Scotland. [Dickey, Robert W.] FDA Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Div Seafood Sci & Technol, Dauphin Isl, AL USA. [Fessard, Valerie] French Agcy Food Environm & Occupat Hlth & Safety, Lab Fougeres, Fougeres, France. [Hartung, Thomas] Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, CAAT, Baltimore, MD USA. [Humpage, Andrew] Australian Water Qual Ctr, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Leist, Marcel] Univ Konstanz, Doerenkamp Zbinden Chair Invitro Toxicol & Biomed, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Molgo, Jordi] CNRS, Inst Neurobiol Alfred Fessard, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Quilliam, Michael A.] Natl Res Council Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Suarez-Isla, Benjamin A.] Univ Chile, Fac Med, Santiago, Chile. [Tubaro, Aurelia] Univ Trieste, Dept Life Sci, Trieste, Italy. [Wagner, Kristina] German Anim Welf Federat, Anim Welf Acad, Neubiberg, Germany. [Zoller, Otmar] Swiss Fed Off Publ Hlth, Consumer Protect Directorate, Food Safety Div, Bern, Switzerland. [Dietrich, Daniel] Univ Konstanz, Chair Human & Environm Toxicol, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RP Dietrich, D (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, Chair Human & Environm Toxicol, POB X 918, D-78457 Constance, Germany. RI Campas, Monica/J-9900-2013; Leist, Marcel/D-2133-2010 OI Campas, Monica/0000-0002-1220-7100; Leist, Marcel/0000-0002-3778-8693 NR 638 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPEKTRUM AKADEMISCHER VERLAG-SPRINGER-VERLAG GMBH PI HEILDEBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEILDEBERG, 69121, GERMANY SN 1868-596X EI 1868-8551 J9 ALTEX-ALTERN ANIM EX JI ALTEX-Altern. Anim. Exp. PY 2013 VL 30 IS 4 BP 487 EP 545 PG 59 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 264TE UT WOS:000327903100006 PM 24173170 ER PT J AU Shuai, JB Zhang, Z Sun, DZ Tao, FL Shi, PJ AF Shuai, Jiabing Zhang, Zhao Sun, De-Zheng Tao, Fulu Shi, Peijun TI ENSO, climate variability and crop yields in China SO CLIMATE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Crop yields; Climate variability; China ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; FED AGRICULTURAL LOCATIONS; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; RICE YIELDS; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; WEATHER VARIABILITY; CORN PRODUCTION; ANOMALIES AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the most important contributors to global interannual climate variability, but the relationship between seasonal climate and crop yield variations associated with ENSO in China remains inconclusive. In this study, we investigated the impacts of ENSO on the yield of 3 staple crops (rice, wheat, and corn) at the provincial scale. We found that ENSO has significant impacts on wheat yields throughout China, and on rice and corn yields in major production areas. Specifically, more (less) rainfall during the wheat growing season in El Nino (La Nina) years leads to increases (decreases) in wheat yield, especially in southeastern China. Increases (decreases) in rice yield in northeastern China are due to warming (cooling) in El Nino (La Nina)years. In southern China, the variability of rainfall plays a more important role in rice yield than that in northern China. Corn yields in northern China are significantly affected by ENSO-induced changes in maximum temperature, solar radiation, and rainfall. Moreover, all of the staple crop yields are highly correlated with the ENSO index with a lead of at least 6 mo. For rice and corn in many provinces, the yields are typically most correlated with the index of the spring season during the ENSO developing years, suggesting that such yields can be predicted 1 yr before the growing season. The large variability in seasonal climate and agricultural production associated with ENSO warrants the application of ENSO information to food market management in China. C1 [Shuai, Jiabing; Zhang, Zhao; Shi, Peijun] Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Shuai, Jiabing; Sun, De-Zheng] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tao, Fulu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, Z (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, Acad Disaster Reduct & Emergency Management, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM zhangzhao@bnu.edu.cn; spj@bnu.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB955404]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41071030]; Fundamental Research Funds from the Central Universities FX This study was funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB955404), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41071030), and the Fundamental Research Funds from the Central Universities. Part of the research was conducted while the leading author was a visiting PhD student at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory at Boulder, Colorado. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 49 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0936-577X EI 1616-1572 J9 CLIM RES JI Clim. Res. PY 2013 VL 58 IS 2 BP 133 EP 148 DI 10.3354/cr01194 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 267IV UT WOS:000328091600003 ER PT J AU Thebault, E Vigneron, P Maus, S Chulliat, A Sirol, O Hulot, G AF Thebault, E. Vigneron, P. Maus, S. Chulliat, A. Sirol, O. Hulot, G. TI Swarm SCARF Dedicated Lithospheric Field Inversion chain SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Lithospheric magnetic field; space magnetometry; Swarm ID GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETIC-FIELD; CONSTELLATION; MODELS; SPHERE AB The forthcoming Swarm satellite mission is a constellation of three satellites dedicated to the study of the geomagnetic field. The orbital characteristics of the mission, which includes a pair of satellites flying side by side, has prompted new efforts in data processing and modeling. A consortium of several research institutions has been selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) to provide a number of Level-2 data products which will be made available to the scientific community. Within this framework, specific tools have been tailor-made to better recover the lithospheric magnetic field contribution. These tools take advantage of gradient properties measured by the lower pair of Swarm satellites and rely on a regional modeling scheme designed to better detect signatures of small spatial scales. We report on a processing chain specifically designed for the Swarm mission. Using an End-to-End simulation, we show that the tools developed are operational. The chain generates a model that meets the primary scientific objectives of the Swarm mission. We also discuss refinements that could also be implemented during the Swarm operational phase to further improve lithospheric field models and reach unprecedented spatial resolution. C1 [Thebault, E.; Vigneron, P.; Chulliat, A.; Sirol, O.; Hulot, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Geomagnetisme,UMR CNRS 7154, F-75005 Paris, France. [Maus, S.] NOAA, Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Thebault, E (reprint author), Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Geomagnetisme,UMR CNRS 7154, 1 Rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM ethebault@ipgp.fr RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; Chulliat, Arnaud/A-5747-2011 OI Chulliat, Arnaud/0000-0001-7414-9631 FU Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES) within the context of the "Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission Swarm" project; European Space Agency (ESA) through the ESTEC [4000102140/10/NL/JA] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES) within the context of the "Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission Swarm" project and from the European Space Agency (ESA) through the ESTEC contract No. 4000102140/10/NL/JA "Development of the Swarm Level2 Algorithms and Associated Level2 Processing Facility". We also acknowledge the comments of two anonymous referees that helped to improve the manuscript. This is IPGP contribution number 3410. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU TERRA SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PI TOKYO PA 2003 SANSEI JIYUGAOKA HAIMU, 5-27-19 OKUSAWA, SETAGAYA-KU, TOKYO, 158-0083, JAPAN SN 1343-8832 EI 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2013 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1257 EP 1270 DI 10.5047/eps.2013.07.008 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 267IM UT WOS:000328090700008 ER PT J AU Alken, P Maus, S Vigneron, P Sirol, O Hulot, G AF Alken, Patrick Maus, Stefan Vigneron, Pierre Sirol, Olivier Hulot, Gauthier TI Swarm SCARF equatorial electric field inversion chain SO EARTH PLANETS AND SPACE LA English DT Article DE Equatorial ionosphere; electric fields; space magnetometry; Swarm ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; 150-KM ECHOES; MODEL; IONOSPHERE; ELECTRODYNAMICS; VELOCITIES; TURBULENCE AB The day-time eastward equatorial electric field (EEF) in the ionospheric E-region plays a crucial role in equatorial ionospheric dynamics. It is responsible for driving the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) current system, equatorial vertical ion drifts, and the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). Due to its importance, there is much interest in accurately measuring and modeling the EEF for both climatological and near real-time studies. The Swarm satellite mission offers a unique opportunity to estimate the equatorial electric field from measurements of the geomagnetic field. Due to the near-polar orbits of each satellite, the on-board magnetometers record a full profile in latitude of the ionospheric current signatures at satellite altitude. These latitudinal magnetic profiles are then modeled using a first principles approach with empirical climatological inputs specifying the state of the ionosphere. Since the EEF is the primary driver of the low-latitude ionospheric current system, the observed magnetic measurements can then be inverted for the EEF. This paper details the algorithm for recovering the EEF from Swarm geomagnetic field measurements. The equatorial electric field estimates are an official Swarm level-2 product developed within the Swarm SCARF (Satellite Constellation Application Research Facility). They will be made freely available by ESA after the commissioning phase. C1 [Alken, Patrick; Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Alken, Patrick; Vigneron, Pierre; Sirol, Olivier; Hulot, Gauthier] Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Inst Phys Globe Paris, Equipe Geomagnetisme,UMR CNRS 7154, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Alken, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM patrick.alken@noaa.gov RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) within the context of the "Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission SWARM" project; European Space Agency (ESA) through ESTEC [4000102140/10/NL/JA]; NSF through Cornell University FX The operational support of the CHAMP mission by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is gratefully acknowledged. The Jicamarca Radio Observatory is a facility of the Instituto Geofisico del Peru operated with support from the NSF through Cornell University. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) within the context of the "Travaux preparatoires et exploitation de la mission SWARM" project, and from the European Space Agency (ESA) through ESTEC contract number 4000102140/10/NL/JA "Development of the Swarm Level 2 Algorithms and Associated Level 2 Processing Facility." We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This is IPGP contribution number 3446. NR 39 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1880-5981 J9 EARTH PLANETS SPACE JI Earth Planets Space PY 2013 VL 65 IS 11 BP 1309 EP 1317 DI 10.5047/eps.2013.09.008 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 267IM UT WOS:000328090700012 ER PT S AU Oleshko, VP Williams, EH Davydov, AV Krylyuk, S Motayed, A Ruzmetov, D Lam, T Lezec, HJ Talin, AA AF Oleshko, V. P. Williams, E. H. Davydov, A. V. Krylyuk, S. Motayed, A. Ruzmetov, D. Lam, T. Lezec, H. J. Talin, A. A. GP IOP BE Walther, T Hutchison, JL TI Analytical Electron Microscopy of Semiconductor Nanowire Functional Materials and Devices for Energy Applications SO 18TH MICROSCOPY OF SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS CONFERENCE (MSM XVIII) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials CY APR 07-11, 2013 CL Univ Oxford, St Catherines Coll, Oxford, ENGLAND SP Royal Microscop Soc HO Univ Oxford, St Catherines Coll AB Functionalized individual semiconductor nanowires (SNWs) and 3D SNW arrays attract a continuously growing interest for applications in optoelectronics, sensing, and energy storage. High-resolution field-emission analytical (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) enables critical insights into the morphology, crystalline and electronic structures and chemical composition of single-crystalline high-aspect-ratio SNWs as prospective building blocks suitable for both a large scale-up synthesis and fabrication. Furthermore, SNW-based lab-on-a-chip devices may allow direct correlation between functional properties tailored for specific performance and the heterostructure morphology and atomic arrangement of the nanoscale structure being analyzed in various (S)TEM modes. C1 [Oleshko, V. P.; Williams, E. H.; Davydov, A. V.; Krylyuk, S.; Motayed, A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Oleshko, VP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.oleshko@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2013 VL 471 AR UNSP 012017 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/471/1/012017 PG 4 WC Microscopy; Physics, Applied SC Microscopy; Physics GA BIF09 UT WOS:000327967600017 ER PT S AU Francis, MH AF Francis, Michael H. GP IEEE TI Estimating Uncertainties in Antenna Measurements SO 2013 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 08-12, 2013 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN DE antenna measurement uncertainties; antenna measurements; uncertainties AB We describe general methods of estimating uncertainties in antenna measurements. These include estimates based on theory (analysis), simulation, and altering the measurement system (self-comparison tests). The important component sources of uncertainty in antenna measurement are identified. We discuss the combination of component uncertainties to obtain an overall uncertainty estimate. A sample uncertainty analysis for a planar, near-field measurement is presented. C1 NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Francis, MH (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM michael.francis@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-3-2; 978-1-4673-2187-7 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2013 BP 2493 EP 2495 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIA05 UT WOS:000327126002065 ER PT S AU Novotny, D Gordon, J Coder, J Francis, M Guerrieri, J AF Novotny, David Gordon, Joshua Coder, Jason Francis, Michael Guerrieri, Jeffrey GP IEEE TI Performance Evaluation of a Robotically Controlled Millimeter-Wave Near-Field Pattern Range At the NIST SO 2013 7TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 08-12, 2013 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN DE Antenna; calibration; millimeter-wave; near-field; pattern; scanning; terahertz AB The Antenna Metrology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a robotically controlled near-field pattern range for measuring antennas and components from 50 GHz to 500 GHz. This new range is intended to address the need for accurate antenna pattern measurements for a variety of applications including remote sensing and imaging. This system incorporates a precision industrial six-axes robot, six-axes parallel kinematic hexapod, and high precision rotation stage. A laser tracker is used to determine position and to calibrate the robot. The robotic positioning arm is programmable and allows scanning in a variety of geometries including spherical, planar, cylindrical, and perform in-situ extrapolation measurements, as well as, other user defined geometries. For the planar geometry, the coverage is a rectangle 1.25 m x 2 m. For spherical, radii from 2 cm to 2 m are possible, while the coverage in is +/- 120 and in phi is +/- 180. Robot positioning repeatability has been evaluated and determined to be about 30 mu m, and absolute positioning determination via the laser tracker is similar to 15 mu m. Specifics regarding the range evaluation are presented. C1 [Novotny, David; Gordon, Joshua; Coder, Jason; Francis, Michael; Guerrieri, Jeffrey] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Novotny, D (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM david.novotny@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-3-2; 978-1-4673-2187-7 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2013 BP 4086 EP 4089 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIA05 UT WOS:000327126003156 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V. BE DeTurck, F Diao, Y Hong, CS Medhi, D Sadre, R TI Perron-Frobenius measure of systemic risk of cascading overload in complex clouds: Work in progress SO 2013 IFIP/IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INTEGRATED NETWORK MANAGEMENT (IM 2013) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM) CY MAY 27-31, 2013 CL Ghent, BELGIUM SP IFIP, IEEE, Univ Gent, iMinds, Orange, Cisco, Alcatel Lucent, IBM, Samsung, IEEE Commun Soc, IFIP Working Grp 6 6 DE complex clouds; resource sharing; systemic risk; cascading overload; perron-Frobenius AB Dynamic resource sharing has both positive and negative effects on the system performance. Current research mostly concentrates on the positive effect resulting from the statistical multiplexing gain. However, the negative effect resulting from the unavoidable overhead, e.g., due to coordination or delays for accessing distant resources, may outweight the positive effect. This possibility has been demonstrated analytically and through simulations as well as has been observed in operational networks with dynamic routing, when a positive effect of bandwidth sharing is offset by using unnecessary long routes. Emergence and proliferation of cloud computing necessitates better understanding of the risk of cascading overload in highly distributed complex resource sharing systems. This paper, which represents work in progress, attempts to make a case for the Perron-Frobenius eigenvalue of the mean-field equations linearized about the "operational" system equilibrium to be viewed as a measure of the systemic risk of cascading overload in complex resource sharing systems. For simplicity of the exposition we consider a loss service model. Future research will investigate practical applicability and a possibility of online estimation of the proposed risk measure. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-3-901882-51-7; 978-1-4673-5229-1 PY 2013 BP 1409 EP 1412 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIA70 UT WOS:000327159900235 ER PT J AU Sarma, VVSS Lenton, A Law, RM Metzl, N Patra, PK Doney, S Lima, ID Dlugokencky, E Ramonet, M Valsala, V AF Sarma, V. V. S. S. Lenton, A. Law, R. M. Metzl, N. Patra, P. K. Doney, S. Lima, I. D. Dlugokencky, E. Ramonet, M. Valsala, V. TI Sea-air CO2 fluxes in the Indian Ocean between 1990 and 2009 SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN ARABIAN SEA; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; SURFACE PCO(2); CLIMATE-CHANGE; WATER; THROUGHFLOW; CIRCULATION AB The Indian Ocean (44 degrees S-30 degrees N) plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, yet it remains one of the most poorly sampled ocean regions. Several approaches have been used to estimate net sea-air CO2 fluxes in this region: interpolated observations, ocean biogeochemical models, atmospheric and ocean inversions. As part of the RECCAP (REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes) project, we combine these different approaches to quantify and assess the magnitude and variability in Indian Ocean sea-air CO2 fluxes between 1990 and 2009. Using all of the models and inversions, the median annual mean sea-air CO2 uptake of -0.37 +/- 0.06 PgC yr(-1) is consistent with the -0.24 +/- 0.12 PgC yr(-1) calculated from observations. The fluxes from the southern Indian Ocean (18-44 degrees S; -0.43 +/- 0.07 PgC yr(-1)) are similar in magnitude to the annual uptake for the entire Indian Ocean. All models capture the observed pattern of fluxes in the Indian Ocean with the following exceptions: underestimation of upwelling fluxes in the northwestern region (off Oman and Somalia), overestimation in the northeastern region (Bay of Bengal) and underestimation of the CO2 sink in the subtropical convergence zone. These differences were mainly driven by lack of atmospheric CO2 data in atmospheric inversions, and poor simulation of monsoonal currents and freshwater discharge in ocean biogeochemical models. Overall, the models and inversions do capture the phase of the observed seasonality for the entire Indian Ocean but overestimate the magnitude. The predicted sea-air CO2 fluxes by ocean biogeochemical models (OBGMs) respond to seasonal variability with strong phase lags with reference to climatological CO2 flux, whereas the atmospheric inversions predicted an order of magnitude higher seasonal flux than OBGMs. The simulated interannual variability by the OBGMs is weaker than that found by atmospheric inversions. Prediction of such weak interannual variability in CO2 fluxes by atmospheric inversions was mainly caused by a lack of atmospheric data in the Indian Ocean. The OBGM models suggest a small strengthening of the sink over the period 1990-2009 of -0.01 PgC decade(-1) . This is inconsistent with the observations in the southwestern Indian Ocean that shows the growth rate of oceanic pCO(2) was faster than the observed atmospheric CO2 growth, a finding attributed to the trend of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the 1990s. C1 [Sarma, V. V. S. S.] CSIR Natl Inst Oceanog, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Lenton, A.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Law, R. M.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Metzl, N.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, F-75252 Paris, France. [Patra, P. K.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Doney, S.; Lima, I. D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dlugokencky, E.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Ramonet, M.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Valsala, V.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Sarma, VVSS (reprint author), CSIR Natl Inst Oceanog, 176 Lawsons Bay Colony, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM sarmav@nio.org RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016; Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652; Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896 FU Australian Climate Change Science Program; Australian Government Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO; National Science Foundation [NSF AGS-1048827]; Asia Pacific Network [ARCP2011-11NMY-Patra/Canadell]; EU [264879 CARBOCHANGE] FX V. V. S. S. Sarma acknowledges support and encouragement from S. W. A. Naqvi, Director, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography. A. Lenton and R. M. Law acknowledge support from the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded by the Australian Government Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education, and by the Bureau of Meteorology and by CSIRO. S. C. Doney and I. D. Lima acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF AGS-1048827). The publication charges of this article are paid through an Asia Pacific Network grant (# ARCP2011-11NMY-Patra/Canadell). N. Metzl acknowledges support of the EU grant 264879 CARBOCHANGE. The publication charges of this article are paid through an Asia Pacific Network grant (# ARCP2011-11NMY-Patra/Canadell). This is NIO contribution no. 5469. NR 84 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 11 BP 7035 EP 7052 DI 10.5194/bg-10-7035-2013 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 263NG UT WOS:000327814700018 ER PT J AU Eleftheriou, A Noji, T AF Eleftheriou, Anastasios Noji, Thomas TI In Memoriam Heye Rumohr SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Eleftheriou, Anastasios] Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Iraklion, Greece. [Noji, Thomas] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Lab, Sandy Hook, NJ USA. RP Eleftheriou, A (reprint author), Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Iraklion, Greece. EM telef@hcmr.gr; thomas.noji@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 494 BP I EP I DI 10.3354/meps10654 PG 1 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 267GX UT WOS:000328086100001 ER PT J AU Huff, DD Yoklavich, MM Love, MS Watters, DL Chai, F Lindley, ST AF Huff, David D. Yoklavich, Mary M. Love, Milton S. Watters, Diana L. Chai, Fei Lindley, Steven T. TI Environmental factors that influence the distribution, size, and biotic relationships of the Christmas tree coral Antipathes dendrochristos in the Southern California Bight SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Antipatharia; Black corals; Deep sea corals; Cold-water corals; ROMS; Predictive modeling; Indirect gradient analysis ID CNIDARIA ANTHOZOA HEXACORALLIA; SMOOTHING PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; LOPHELIA-PERTUSA SCLERACTINIA; PREDICTING SUITABLE HABITAT; FOOD-SUPPLY MECHANISMS; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; MINGULAY REEF COMPLEX; DEEP-SEA; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; PLANKTONIC LARVAE AB The Christmas tree coral Antipathes dendrochristos is a recently discovered black coral species that represents a habitat associated with numerous sensitive taxa in the Southern California Bight. We evaluated whether broad-scale oceanographic features influence coral density and size by selecting from among generalized additive models (for density) and generalized linear models (for size) that represented competing hypotheses. We constructed models to predict coral density and size using depth, seafloor slope, surface primary productivity, bottom currents, ocean temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen as candidate covariates. Specifically, we evaluated hypothesized links between pelagic production and benthic coral utilization and between bottom currents and larval coral dispersal. Our analysis revealed that high surface primary productivity in combination with depth and January currents are important predictors of Christmas tree coral density. Higher coral density coincided with greater chlorophyll persistence and optimal depths near 400 m. Surface productivity increasingly was associated with Christmas tree corals at shallower depths. Our results supported the hypothesis that ocean currents affect coral density via larval dispersal mechanisms. The selected coral size models responded to similar covariates, corroborating coral density results. Fish and invertebrate ordinations indicated that Christmas tree corals were widely distributed across environmental gradients and that Christmas tree corals co-occurred with several demersal fish and invertebrates. Several predicted coral hotspots remain unprotected from fishing, particularly in areas adjacent to highly populated portions of the Southern California Bight. These regions should be targeted by future studies to confirm the presence of Christmas tree coral communities and to evaluate their vulnerability. C1 [Huff, David D.; Yoklavich, Mary M.; Watters, Diana L.; Lindley, Steven T.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Huff, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Love, Milton S.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Chai, Fei] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Huff, DD (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM david.huff@noaa.gov RI Huff, David/A-8166-2008; Lindley, Steven/G-3997-2014 OI Huff, David/0000-0001-9061-7685; Lindley, Steven/0000-0001-9556-0411 FU NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program FX We thank 3 anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for detailed suggestions and comments on the manuscript. We greatly appreciate the capable assistance of T. Laidig, A. Taylor, and M. Nishimoto in analyzing the visual surveys. Helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript were provided by T. Hourigan, P. Etnoyer, and T. Laidig. We thank K. Stierhoff and P. Etnoyer for supplying the independent validation data set and Fig. 1. Supplemental funds were provided through grants to M.M.Y. from the NMFS Office of Habitat Conservation Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 494 BP 159 EP 177 DI 10.3354/meps10591 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 267GX UT WOS:000328086100012 ER PT J AU Decker, MB Liu, H Ciannelli, L Ladd, C Cheng, W Chan, KS AF Decker, Mary Beth Liu, Hai Ciannelli, Lorenzo Ladd, Carol Cheng, Wei Chan, Kung-Sik TI Linking changes in eastern Bering Sea jellyfish populations to environmental factors via nonlinear time series models SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Scyphomedusae; Biophysical conditions; Climate change; Time series ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; SCYPHOZOAN AURELIA-LABIATA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION; STOCHASTIC-PROCESSES; COD POPULATIONS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; DENSITY; SCALE AB The Bering Sea ecosystem has experienced significant climatic and biological shifts over the past 3 decades, including temporal and spatial fluctuations of jellyfish biomass. Jellyfish are important predators and competitors of fish; thus, it is critical to understand the effects of environmental factors on their population dynamics. We explored the effects of ocean bottom temperatures and circulation on jellyfish populations using a non-parametric, nonlinear multiple time series analysis of a 23 yr dataset. The study area was divided into 3 subregions that reflected distinct jellyfish catches and distributions. Aggregations and the influence of temperature and circulation on jellyfish biomass were found to differ in each of the 3 subregions. The northern region biomass was affected by central biomass, mediated by the strength of advection from the central region. In both the northern and central regions, current-year biomass was associated with lag-1 biomass, but was mediated by local bottom temperatures (colder temperatures strengthened the relationship with lag-1 biomass). However, in the central region, this relationship held only for the period after 1997. Prior to 1997, advection from the southern region drove central region biomass, suggesting that the primary source of jellyfish biomass to the central eastern Bering Sea shelf changed, coming from the southern shelf before 1997 and from the central shelf after 1997. The southern jellyfish biomass was affected by only the lag-1 southern jellyfish biomass. Transport from the south may have seeded the central region in the early 1990s, but once established, jellyfish polyp populations near islands in the central region may have supplied the area with medusae in the late 1990s. C1 [Decker, Mary Beth] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Liu, Hai] Indiana Univ Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cheng, Wei] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chan, Kung-Sik] Univ Iowa, Dept Stat & Actuarial Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Decker, MB (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM marybeth.decker@yale.edu RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X FU National Science Foundation Collaboration in Mathematical Geosciences Grants [0620789, 0934617, 0621153, 0934961, 0620493, 0934727]; North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) project [606] FX We are grateful to the survey participants and support teams from the AFSC, and the captains and crew from the various research vessels, for diligently collecting the jellyfish biomass and environmental data during their trawl surveys. We are also grateful to K. Hedstrom and E. Curchitser, who were instrumental in creating the NEP ROMS circulation model, A. Hermann for discussions of circulation model results, and to K. Coyle, who provided records of scyphomedusan ephyra occurrence. We acknowledge the following funding sources: National Science Foundation Collaboration in Mathematical Geosciences Grants (0620789 and 0934617 to K. S. C., 0621153 and 0934961 to L. C., 0620493 and 0934727 to M. B. D.) and North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) project number 606. This is contribution 3721 from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2184 from the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington, and EcoFOCI-0768 from NOAA's Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations (EcoFOCI). NR 54 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 494 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.3354/meps10545 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 267GX UT WOS:000328086100013 ER PT J AU Baker, CS Steel, D Calambokidis, J Falcone, E Gonzalez-Peral, U Barlow, J Burdin, AM Clapham, PJ Ford, JKB Gabriele, CM Mattila, D Rojas-Bracho, L Straley, JM Taylor, BL Urban, J Wade, PR Weller, D Witteveen, BH Yamaguchi, M AF Baker, C. Scott Steel, Debbie Calambokidis, John Falcone, Erin Gonzalez-Peral, Ursula Barlow, Jay Burdin, Alexander M. Clapham, Phillip J. Ford, John K. B. Gabriele, Christine M. Mattila, David Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo Straley, Janice M. Taylor, Barbara L. Urban, Jorge Wade, Paul R. Weller, David Witteveen, Briana H. Yamaguchi, Manami TI Strong maternal fidelity and natal philopatry shape genetic structure in North Pacific humpback whales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE mtDNA; Microsatellite genotypes; Migration; Genetic management units ID SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CONSERVATION GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENOTYPING ERRORS; WHITE SHARKS; MIGRATION AB We quantified the relative influence of maternal fidelity to feeding grounds and natal fidelity to breeding grounds on the population structure of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae based on an ocean-wide survey of mitochondrial (mt) DNA diversity in the North Pacific. For 2193 biopsy samples collected from whales in 10 feeding regions and 8 breeding regions during the winter and summer of 2004 to 2006, we first used microsatellite genotyping (average, 9.5 loci) to identify replicate samples. From sequences of the mtDNA control region (500 bp) we identified 28 unique haplotypes from 30 variable sites. Haplotype frequencies differed markedly among feeding regions (overall F-ST = 0.121, Phi(ST) = 0.178, p < 0.0001), supporting previous evidence of strong maternal fidelity. Haplotype frequencies also differed markedly among breeding regions (overall F-ST = 0.093, Phi(ST) = 0.106, p < 0.0001), providing evidence of strong natal fidelity. Although sex-biased dispersal was not evident, differentiation of microsatellite allele frequencies was weak compared to differentiation of mtDNA haplotypes, suggesting male-biased gene flow. Feeding and breeding regions showed significant differences in haplotype frequencies, even for regions known to be strongly connected by patterns of individual migration. Thus, the influence of migratory fidelity seems to operate somewhat independently on feeding and breeding grounds over an evolutionary time scale. This results in a complex population structure and the potential to define multiple units to conserve in either seasonal habitat. C1 [Baker, C. Scott; Steel, Debbie] Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Baker, C. Scott; Steel, Debbie] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Calambokidis, John; Falcone, Erin] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Gonzalez-Peral, Ursula; Urban, Jorge] Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Programa Invest Mamiferos Marinos, La Paz 23080, Baja California, Mexico. [Barlow, Jay; Taylor, Barbara L.; Weller, David] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Burdin, Alexander M.] Russian Acad Sci, Far East Branch, Pacific Inst Geog, Kamchatka Branch, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683024, Russia. [Clapham, Phillip J.; Wade, Paul R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ford, John K. B.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Gabriele, Christine M.] Glacier Bay Natl Pk, Gustavus, AK 99826 USA. [Mattila, David] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. [Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo] Inst Nacl Ecol & Cambio Climat, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Straley, Janice M.] Univ Alaska, Sitka, AK 99835 USA. [Witteveen, Briana H.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Yamaguchi, Manami] NPO Ogasawara Club, Ocean Res Unit, Tokyo 1002101, Japan. RP Baker, CS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Marine Mammal Inst, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM scott.baker@oregonstate.edu FU National Fisheries and Wildlife Foundation [2006-0093-008]; Marine Mammal Endowment, Oregon State University; Office of Naval Research [N0270A] FX We thank K. Robertson, R. LeDuc and C. LeDuc of the SWFSC for their diligence in oversight of sample archiving and extraction of DNA, and their prompt communication on all matters involving the SPLASH program. We thank D. Dick and T. Follett for assistance with GIS and figure preparation. The primary genetic analyses of samples was supported by a grant to CSB from the National Fisheries and Wildlife Foundation (contract 2006-0093-008), with matching funds from the Marine Mammal Endowment, Oregon State University. Funding for final data review and manuscript preparation was provided by a grant to CSB from the Office of Naval Research (contract N0270A). We thank the Associate Editor, P. Corkeron, and 4 anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. NR 96 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 51 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 494 BP 291 EP 306 DI 10.3354/meps10508 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 267GX UT WOS:000328086100022 ER PT J AU Rowntree, VJ Uhart, MM Sironi, M Chirife, A Di Martino, M La Sala, L Musmeci, L Mohamed, N Andrejuk, J McAloose, D Sala, JE Carribero, A Rally, H Franco, M Adler, FR Brownell, RL Seger, J Rowles, T AF Rowntree, Victoria J. Uhart, Marcela M. Sironi, Mariano Chirife, Andrea Di Martino, Matias La Sala, Luciano Musmeci, Luciana Mohamed, Nadia Andrejuk, Julian McAloose, Denise Sala, Juan Emilio Carribero, Alejandro Rally, Heather Franco, Marcelo Adler, Frederick R. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Seger, Jon Rowles, Teri TI Unexplained recurring high mortality of southern right whale Eubalaena australis calves at Peninsula Valdes, Argentina SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Right whale; Mortality; Eubalaena australis; Strandings; Patagonia ID SEA LIONS; GLACIALIS; REPRODUCTION; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; OCEAN AB Hundreds of southern right whale calves Eubalaena australis died on their calving ground at Peninsula Valdes, Argentina from 2003 through 2011. During this period, the number of dead calves increased at a much greater rate than that of living calves over the preceding 32 yr, and with greater inter-annual variation. High mortality events occurred late in the calving seasons of 2005 and 2007, early in the seasons of 2008 and 2009, and were equally divided between early and late in 2010 and 2011. Calves that died late in the seasons of 2005 and 2007 were at least a meter longer (mean 7.3 m) than newborns, indicating that they had grown and presumably were healthy before dying. An unusual number of large calves (> 6 m) died early in the seasons of 2008 and 2009, suggesting that a population-wide process (e.g. nutritional stress) affected many mothers including older, larger mothers that tend to give birth to larger calves early in the season. Many tissue samples have been collected and analyzed, but no consistent lesions, pathologic processes or elevated levels of algal biotoxins have been identified to explain these recent mortality events. Here, we document the high mortality events, place them in historical context and describe ongoing efforts to identify their causes. As of 2010, the southern right whale sub-population that calves off Peninsula Valdes was estimated to be less than 20% of its initial size before whaling; the ongoing high mortality of calves will significantly affect its recovery. C1 [Rowntree, Victoria J.; Uhart, Marcela M.; Sironi, Mariano; Chirife, Andrea; Di Martino, Matias; La Sala, Luciano; Musmeci, Luciana; Mohamed, Nadia; Andrejuk, Julian; Sala, Juan Emilio] Southern Right Whale Hlth Monitoring Program, RA-1920 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Rowntree, Victoria J.; Adler, Frederick R.; Seger, Jon] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Rowntree, Victoria J.] Whale Conservat Inst Ocean Alliance, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Rowntree, Victoria J.; Sironi, Mariano] Inst Conservac Ballenas, RA-1623 Ing Maschwitz, Prov De Buenos, Argentina. [Uhart, Marcela M.] Univ Calif Davis, Hlth Inst 1, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Musmeci, Luciana; Sala, Juan Emilio] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Musmeci, Luciana] Fdn Patagonia Nat, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Argentina. [McAloose, Denise] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Global Hlth Program, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Carribero, Alejandro] Ecocentro, RA-9120 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Rally, Heather] Western Univ Hlth Sci, Coll Vet Med, Pomona, CA 91766 USA. [Franco, Marcelo] Subsecretaria Turismo & Areas Protegidas, Cuerpo Guardafaunas, RA-9103 Rawson, Chubut, Argentina. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Ctr, NMFS, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Rowles, Teri] NMFS, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rowntree, VJ (reprint author), Southern Right Whale Hlth Monitoring Program, RA-1920 Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. EM rowntree@biology.utah.edu OI Sala, Juan Emilio/0000-0001-9435-1351 FU Office of Protected Resources [DG133F-02-SE-0901]; US National Marine Fisheries Service [DG-133F-06-SE-5823]; National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration [DG133F07SE4651]; US Marine Mammal Commission [E4047315, E4061768]; Ocean Foundation; Island Foundation; Pacific Life Foundation; Lawrence Foundation; Wildlife Conservation Society; Ocean Alliance FX We are grateful to the Office of Protected Resources of the US National Marine Fisheries Service, National Ocean and Atmospheric Administration (Orders DG133F-02-SE-0901, DG-133F-06-SE-5823 and DG133F07SE4651), the US Marine Mammal Commission (Grants E4047315 and E4061768), the Ocean Foundation, the Island Foundation, the Pacific Life Foundation, the Lawrence Foundation, the Wildlife Conservation Society, and Ocean Alliance for funding this research. We thank those who reported and maintained the records of dead whales from 1971 through 1993, particularly G. and P. Harris, and recently more than 70 members and collaborators of the Stranding Network and volunteers and collaborators of the SRWHMP, including L. M. Pozzi, D. Taboada, R. Schtein-barg, L. Valenzuela, C. Marcn, P. de Diego, and V. Rago. Invaluable support of various kinds was provided by the Instituto de Conservacion de Ballenas, Fundacion Patagonia Natural, and Armada Ar gentina. Aerial photographic surveys were pioneered by Roger Payne and conducted by him and Bernd Wursig, Chris Clark and Peter Thomas through the early decades of the study, then continued in recent decades by John Atkinson with assistance of many colleagues. Scientific guidance was kindly provided by V. Alonso Roldon, A. Friedlander, F. Gulland, J. Geraci, W. McLellan, M. Moore, S. Moore, D. Rotstein, K. Touhey, M. Hoffmeyer, V. Sastre, N. Santinelli and other colleagues to whom we are indebted. Research permits for this work were issued annually by the Direccion de Fauna y Flora Silvestre and the Subsecretar a de Turismo y Areas Protegidas of Chubut Pro vince, Argentina. Finally, we are extremely grateful to 4 anonymous reviewers of the manuscript who read it carefully and made many wise and penetrating suggestions that have greatly improved the result. NR 50 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 493 BP 275 EP 289 DI 10.3354/meps10506 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 254VX UT WOS:000327197700024 ER PT S AU Weiler, M Woltersdorf, G Althammer, M Huebl, H Goennenwein, STB AF Weiler, Mathias Woltersdorf, Georg Althammer, Matthias Huebl, Hans Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B. BE Wu, M Hoffmann, A TI Spin Pumping and Spin Currents in Magnetic Insulators SO RECENT ADVANCES IN MAGNETIC INSULATORS - FROM SPINTRONICS TO MICROWAVE APPLICATIONS SE Solid State Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE LINEWIDTH; TRANSFER TORQUE; FILMS; MULTILAYERS; SCATTERING; HETEROSTRUCTURES; LAYER; PD C1 [Weiler, Mathias; Althammer, Matthias; Huebl, Hans; Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.] Bayer Akad Wissensch, Walther Meissner Inst, Garching, Germany. [Woltersdorf, Georg] Univ Regensburg, Dept Phys, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. RP Weiler, M (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Woltersdorf, Georg/C-7431-2014; Weiler, Mathias/H-4266-2016; Althammer, Matthias/L-4623-2016; Huebl, Hans/B-2485-2017 OI Woltersdorf, Georg/0000-0001-9299-8880; Althammer, Matthias/0000-0003-1625-6054; Huebl, Hans/0000-0003-3023-5209 NR 111 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 8 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0081-1947 BN 978-0-12-408130-7 J9 SOLID STATE PHYS JI Solid State Phys. PY 2013 VL 64 BP 123 EP 156 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-408130-7.00005-8 PG 34 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BID83 UT WOS:000327748400006 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Ginn, T Rempel-Hester, MA Arthur, C Rutherford, N AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Ginn, Thomas Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann Arthur, Courtney Rutherford, Nicolle TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tissue residues; toxicity; bioaccumulation; biomagnification; biomarkers; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPs; PCBs; PAHs; PBDEs; radionuclides; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine biocides; oil spills; dispersants; sewage; debris; dredging; eutrophication; human disturbance; Arctic; Antarctic ID HORIZON OIL-SPILL; GULF-OF-MEXICO; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CLAM SCROBICULARIA-PLANA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FDA RISK-ASSESSMENT; MUSSELS MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS AB This review covers selected 2012 articles on the biological effects of pollutants and human physical disturbances on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems and habitats. The review, based largely on journal articles, covers field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due in part to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and the 2011 Japanese tsunami. Several topical areas reviewed in the past (ballast water and ocean acidification) were dropped this year. The focus of this review is on effects, not pollutant fate and transport. There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). Please use keyword searching of the text to locate related but distributed papers. Use this review only as a guide and please consult the original papers before citing them. C1 [Mearns, Alan J.; Rutherford, Nicolle] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Washington, DC USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann] Aquat Toxicol Support, Bremerton, WA USA. [Arthur, Courtney] IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Arthur, Courtney] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 434 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 14 U2 169 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2013 VL 85 IS 10 BP 1828 EP 1933 DI 10.2175/106143013X13698672322949 PG 106 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 264FZ UT WOS:000327863700033 ER PT S AU Guo, WQ Healy, WM Zhou, MC AF Guo, Wenqi (Wendy) Healy, William M. Zhou, MengChu GP IEEE TI Experimental Study of the Thermal Impacts on Wireless Sensor Batteries SO 2013 10TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING, SENSING AND CONTROL (ICNSC) SE IEEE International Conference on Networking Sensing and Control LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC) CY APR 10-12, 2013 CL Evry Val Essonne Univ, FRANCE SP Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Genopole, Ensile, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc HO Evry Val Essonne Univ DE Wireless sensor; battery; lifetime; ambient temperature; building automation and control systems AB Wireless sensor networks are being considered for application within buildings to control various equipment in different working environments. As wireless sensors are powered by commercially available batteries, battery performance will directly affect the entire network performance. Battery performance is affected by ambient temperature as temperature can modify the microstructure of the batteries. Thus the lifetime of the battery can change depending upon ambient conditions. It is hard to find any published data that quantitatively analyze the battery lifetime for a sensor node operating under different ambient temperature settings. In this paper, we deploy wireless sensors subject to variations of ambient temperature, study the temperature effects on battery lifetime, and investigate how the variations of ambient temperature influence data delivery performance in a low power communication network. Our work consists of commercially available sensor nodes conforming to the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, commercial alkaline batteries, and a suite of techniques for measuring battery lifetime under different working temperatures. In view of these experimental results, we quantitatively show that temperature not only affects battery lifetime, but directly affects the communication quality between sensor nodes. We expect our results to serve as a basis for future research in designing better wireless sensor networks for building applications. C1 [Guo, Wenqi (Wendy)] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Guo, Wenqi (Wendy); Healy, William M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, MengChu] Minist Educ, Tongji Univ, Key Lab Embedded Syst & Serv Comp, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Zhou, MengChu] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept ECE, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Guo, WQ (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM wenqi.guo@nist.gov; william.healy@nist.gov; mengchu@ieee.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1810-7869 BN 978-1-4673-5200-0; 978-1-4673-5198-0 J9 IEEE INT C NETW SENS PY 2013 BP 430 EP 435 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Remote Sensing SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BHW58 UT WOS:000326863700076 ER PT S AU Obrzut, J Kirillov, O AF Obrzut, J. Kirillov, O. BE Ferrero, A TI Microwave Conductance of Semicontinuous Metallic Films from Coplanar Waveguide Scattering Parameters SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 06-09, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Boston Sci, Natl Instruments, Medtronic, Natl Appl Res Lab, Instrument Technol Res Ctr DE coplanar waveguides; microwave conductivity; thin metallic films; conductivity percolation ID TRANSMISSION AB Conductance of thin semicontinuous metallic films is measured in coplanar waveguide configuration at frequencies of 1 GHz to 20 GHz. The presented model of the microwave network correlates the experimental scattering parameters (S-11) and (S-21) with complex impedance and propagation constant, from which we are able to determine the films surface conductance, coefficients of reflectance, transmittance and dissipation. The measurement is illustrated on films of gold, 4 nm to 12 nm thick. After percolation from individual nanoparticles, films thicker than 10 nm resemble a continuous conductor. The presented methodology accurately captures the insulator to conductor transition, and can be used to determine microwave characteristics of such materials. C1 [Obrzut, J.; Kirillov, O.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jan.obrzut@nist.gov; oleg.kirillov@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4673-4621-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2013 BP 912 EP 915 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHX22 UT WOS:000326900400171 ER PT S AU Paulter, NG Jendzurski, JR Hagerup, B McTigue, M Linnenbrink, T AF Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr. Jendzurski, John R. Hagerup, Bill McTigue, Mike Linnenbrink, Thomas BE Ferrero, A TI The Forthcoming IEEE Standard 1696 on Test Methods for Characterizing Circuit Probes SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 06-09, 2013 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, Boston Sci, Natl Instruments, Medtronic, Natl Appl Res Lab, Instrument Technol Res Ctr DE circuit probe; differential; probe-scope system; single-ended; stand-alone probe; test fixture AB The Technical Committee 10 (TC-10) of the IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society initiated a new standards activity in 2006 for the development of test methods to characterize the performance of circuit probes. This standard contains a set of performance parameters that describe probe performance along with a test method for each of these parameters. All test methods consider both single-ended and differential probes. The probes may be either stand alone, that is, they are not necessarily constrained to operate with one model of waveform recorder (such as an oscilloscope), or a probe-scope system, where the probe is designed by the probe manufacturer to work with one or more models of oscilloscopes. The probes considered in this standard are all active high-input impedance devices. Both static and dynamic signal measuring performance parameters are considered in the P1696. The key to accurate measurements of the dynamic signal measurement properties of the probe is a quality test fixture, which is described in the standard. C1 [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.; Jendzurski, John R.] NIST, Secur Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paulter, NG (reprint author), NIST, Secur Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4673-4621-4 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2013 BP 1412 EP 1415 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHX22 UT WOS:000326900400257 ER PT J AU Gao, JD Xue, M Stensrud, DJ AF Gao, Jidong Xue, Ming Stensrud, David J. TI The Development of a Hybrid EnKF-3DVAR Algorithm for Storm-Scale Data Assimilation SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; PART II; CASA RADAR; MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL; PREDICTION MODEL; CLOUD MODEL AB A hybrid 3DVAR-EnKF data assimilation algorithm is developed based on 3DVAR and ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) programs within the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). The hybrid algorithm uses the extended alpha control variable approach to combine the static and ensemble-derived flow-dependent forecast error covariances. The hybrid variational analysis is performed using an equal weighting of static and flow-dependent error covariance as derived from ensemble forecasts. The method is first applied to the assimilation of simulated radar data for a supercell storm. Results obtained using 3DVAR (with static covariance entirely), hybrid 3DVAR-EnKF, and the EnKF are compared. When data from a single radar are used, the EnKF method provides the best results for the model dynamic variables, while the hybrid method provides the best results for hydrometeor related variables in term of rms errors. Although storm structures can be established reasonably well using 3DVAR, the rms errors are generally worse than seen from the other two methods. With two radars, the results from 3DVAR are closer to those from EnKF. Our tests indicate that the hybrid scheme can reduce the storm spin-up time because it fits the observations, especially the reflectivity observations, better than the EnKF and the 3DVAR at the beginning of the assimilation cycles. C1 [Gao, Jidong; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gao, Jidong; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Gao, JD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jidong.gao@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NOAA; NSF [EEC-0313747, ATM-0738370, ATM-0331594, AGS-0802888] FX This research was funded by the NOAA Warn-on-Forecast project. The first two authors were partially supported by NSF Grants EEC-0313747, ATM-0738370, ATM-0331594, and AGS-0802888. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 512656 DI 10.1155/2013/512656 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 260QJ UT WOS:000327609100001 ER PT J AU Ge, GQ Gao, JD Xue, M AF Ge, Guoqing Gao, Jidong Xue, Ming TI Impact of a Diagnostic Pressure Equation Constraint on Tornadic Supercell Thunderstorm Forecasts Initialized Using 3DVAR Radar Data Assimilation SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; LOW-LEVEL WIND; DOPPLER RADAR; PART II; CLOUD MODEL AB A diagnostic pressure equation constraint has been incorporated into a storm-scale three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation system. This diagnostic pressure equation constraint (DPEC) is aimed to improve dynamic consistency among different model variables so as to produce better data assimilation results and improve the subsequent forecasts. Ge et al. (2012) described the development of DPEC and testing of it with idealized experiments. DPEC was also applied to a real supercell case, but only radial velocity was assimilated. In this paper, DPEC is further applied to two real tornadic supercell thunderstorm cases, where both radial velocity and radar reflectivity data are assimilated. The impact of DPEC on radar data assimilation is examined mainly based on the storm forecasts. It is found that the experiments using DPEC generally predict higher low-level vertical vorticity than the experiments not using DPEC near the time of observed tornadoes. Therefore, it is concluded that the use of DPEC improves the forecast of mesocyclone rotation within supercell thunderstorms. The experiments using different weighting coefficients generate similar results. This suggests that DPEC is not very sensitive to the weighting coefficients. C1 [Ge, Guoqing; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Gao, Jidong] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Ge, GQ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM geguoqing@ou.edu RI Ge, Guoqing/J-3067-2015; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Ge, Guoqing/0000-0002-9934-0608; Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NSF [ATM-0331756, ATM-0738370, ATM-0530814, AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171]; NOAA FX This work was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0331756, ATM-0738370, NSF ATM-0530814, NSF AGS-0802888, and NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast Project. The third author was also supported by NSF OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, and AGS-1046171. Robin Tanamachi kindly provided manually dealiased radial velocity dataset of the Dodge City, Kansas (KDDC) radar. Computations were performed at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) and Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Research and Education (OSCER). The authors appreciate two anonymous reviewers and the Editor Louis Wicker for their very thoughtful comments which helped significantly to improve the quality of this paper from its original form. The authors also thank Jacob Carlin and Edward Natenberg for proofreading the paper. NR 49 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 947874 DI 10.1155/2013/947874 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 260QQ UT WOS:000327609800001 ER PT J AU Ganesan, AL Chatterjee, A Prinn, RG Harth, CM Salameh, PK Manning, AJ Hall, BD Muhle, J Meredith, LK Weiss, RF O'Doherty, S Young, D AF Ganesan, A. L. Chatterjee, A. Prinn, R. G. Harth, C. M. Salameh, P. K. Manning, A. J. Hall, B. D. Muehle, J. Meredith, L. K. Weiss, R. F. O'Doherty, S. Young, D. TI The variability of methane, nitrous oxide and sulfur hexafluoride in Northeast India SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE GASES; SUMMER MONSOON; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MODEL; SF6; EMISSIONS AB High-frequency atmospheric measurements of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) from Darjeeling, India are presented from December 2011 (CH4)/March 2012 (N2O and SF6) through February 2013. These measurements were made on a gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector and electron capture detector, and were calibrated on the Tohoku University, the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)-98 and SIO-2005 scales for CH4, N2O and SF6, respectively. The observations show large variability and frequent pollution events in CH4 and N2O mole fractions, suggesting significant sources in the regions sampled by Darjeeling throughout the year. By contrast, SF6 mole fractions show little variability and only occasional pollution episodes, likely due to weak sources in the region. Simulations using the Numerical Atmospheric dispersion Modelling Environment (NAME) particle dispersion model suggest that many of the enhancements in the three gases result from the transport of pollutants from the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plains of India to Darjeeling. The meteorology of the region varies considerably throughout the year from Himalayan flows in the winter to the strong south Asian summer monsoon. The model is consistent in simulating a diurnal cycle in CH4 and N2O mole fractions that is present during the winter but absent in the summer and suggests that the signals measured at Darjeeling are dominated by large-scale (similar to 100 km) flows rather than local (< 10 km) flows. C1 [Ganesan, A. L.; Prinn, R. G.; Meredith, L. K.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chatterjee, A.] Bose Inst, Environm Sci Sect, Kolkata, India. [Harth, C. M.; Salameh, P. K.; Muehle, J.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Manning, A. J.] Met Off, Atmospher Dispers Grp, Exeter, Devon, England. [Hall, B. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [O'Doherty, S.; Young, D.] Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England. RP Ganesan, AL (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM aganesan@mit.edu RI Meredith, Laura/J-2331-2014; Ganesan, Anita/D-6230-2016 OI Meredith, Laura/0000-0003-4244-4366; Ganesan, Anita/0000-0001-5715-8923 FU MIT Center for Global Change Science Director's Fund; MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change; Martin Family Society of Fellows for Sustainability; MIT Energy Initiative; MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives; NASA [NNX11AF17G, NNX07AE87G]; UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (MHD); NOAA [RA133R09CN0062] FX We are grateful to Yashodhara Yadav (Bose Institute) for her work in Darjeeling and for her dedicated and meticulous work in operating the instrument. We additionally thank Sibaji Raha, Sanjay Ghosh, Soumendra Singh and D. K. Roy (Bose Institute) for their tremendous efforts in maintaining site infrastructure and coordinating logistics for this project. We also wish to thank Adam Cox, Tim Arnold and Stephanie Mumma (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, SIO) for all the help they have provided with standards and to Martin Vollmer (Empa) for the support in the field. This work was funded by the MIT Center for Global Change Science Director's Fund, the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, the Martin Family Society of Fellows for Sustainability, the MIT Energy Initiative, MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives and funding from NASA grant NNX11AF17G to MIT supporting the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE). Funding for the Mace Head, Ireland (MHD) and Ragged Point, Barbados (RPB) stations are from the NASA grant to MIT, UK Department of Energy and Climate Change (MHD) and NOAA contract RA133R09CN0062 (RPB). Funding for Cape Matatula, American Samoa (SMO) is from NASA grant NNX07AE87G to SIO and the NASA grant to MIT. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 21 BP 10633 EP 10644 DI 10.5194/acp-13-10633-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253PP UT WOS:000327101900005 ER PT J AU Liu, M Wang, H Wang, H Oda, T Zhao, Y Yang, X Zang, R Zang, B Bi, J Chen, J AF Liu, M. Wang, H. Wang, H. Oda, T. Zhao, Y. Yang, X. Zang, R. Zang, B. Bi, J. Chen, J. TI Refined estimate of China's CO2 emissions in spatiotemporal distributions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; FOSSIL-FUEL CONSUMPTION; TRENDS; UNCERTAINTIES; DATABASE; CITIES AB Being the largest contributor to the global source of fossil-fuel CO2 emissions, China's emissions need to be accurately quantified and well understood. Previous studies have usually focused on the amount of national emissions and rarely discussed their spatiotemporal distributions, which are also crucial for both carbon flux and carbon management. In this study, we calculated China's CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use and industrial processes using provincial statistics and then mapped those emissions at 0.25A degrees resolution on a monthly basis. Several key steps have been implemented to gain a better understanding of the spatiotemporal distributions, including (1) development and application of China's CO2 emission inventories using provincial statistics; (2) separate calculations of emissions from large point sources and accurate identification of their geographical locations; (3) development of 1 km x 1 km gridded population and GDP (gross domestic product) data for China from 2000 to 2009 and application of them as dynamic spatial proxies to allocate emissions; and (4) monthly variation curves of CO2 emissions from various sectors that were developed for each province and applied to our inventory. China's total CO2 emission from fossil fuels and industrial processes has increased from 3.6 billion tons in 2000 to 8.6 billion tons in 2009, which may be off by 14-18% and is enough to skew global totals. The resulting spatiotemporal distributions of our inventories also differed greatly in several ways from those derived using a national statistics and population-based approach for the various economic development levels, industrial and energy structures, and even large point emission sources within China and each province. C1 [Liu, M.; Wang, H.; Zhao, Y.; Zang, R.; Zang, B.; Bi, J.] Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, H.; Bi, J.] Nanjing Univ, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Wang, H.; Chen, J.] Nanjing Univ, Int Inst Earth Syst Sci, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Oda, T.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oda, T.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yang, X.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Nanjing Univ, State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resource Reuse, Sch Environm, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM wanghk@nju.edu.cn; jing.chen@utoronto.ca RI Wang, Haikun/A-3590-2011 OI Wang, Haikun/0000-0002-2565-5543 FU China's National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program) [2010CB950704]; China's National Nature Science Foundation [51008155]; Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality; Foundation Research Project of Jiangsu Province (Natural Science Fund) [BK2011017] FX This work was supported by China's National Program on Key Basic Research Project (973 Program, Project No. 2010CB950704), China's National Nature Science Foundation (Project No. 51008155), Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality and Foundation Research Project of Jiangsu Province (Natural Science Fund No. BK2011017). The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent official views of the sponsors. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 21 BP 10873 EP 10882 DI 10.5194/acp-13-10873-2013 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253PP UT WOS:000327101900022 ER PT J AU LaFranchi, BW Petron, G Miller, JB Lehman, SJ Andrews, AE Dlugokencky, EJ Hall, B Miller, BR Montzka, SA Neff, W Novelli, PC Sweeney, C Turnbull, JC Wolfe, DE Tans, PP Gurney, KR Guilderson, TP AF LaFranchi, B. W. Petron, G. Miller, J. B. Lehman, S. J. Andrews, A. E. Dlugokencky, E. J. Hall, B. Miller, B. R. Montzka, S. A. Neff, W. Novelli, P. C. Sweeney, C. Turnbull, J. C. Wolfe, D. E. Tans, P. P. Gurney, K. R. Guilderson, T. P. TI Constraints on emissions of carbon monoxide, methane, and a suite of hydrocarbons in the Colorado Front Range using observations of (CO2)-C-14 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; TROPOSPHERIC (CO2)-C-14; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE; RATIOS; RADIOCARBON; INVENTORIES; COMBUSTION; MOBILE6.2 AB Atmospheric radiocarbon (C-14) represents an important observational constraint on emissions of fossil-fuel derived carbon into the atmosphere due to the absence of C-14 in fossil fuel reservoirs. The high sensitivity and precision that accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) affords in atmospheric C-14 analysis has greatly increased the potential for using such measurements to evaluate bottom-up emissions inventories of fossil fuel CO2 (CO(2)ff), as well as those for other co-emitted species. Here we use observations of (CO2)-C-14 and a series of primary hydrocarbons and combustion tracers from discrete air samples collected between June 2009 and September 2010 at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO; Lat: 40.050A degrees N, Lon: 105.004A degrees W) to derive emission ratios of each species with respect to CO(2)ff. The BAO tower is situated at the boundary of the Denver metropolitan area to the south and a large industrial and agricultural region to the north and east, making it an ideal location to study the contrasting mix of emissions from the activities in each region. The species considered in this analysis are carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), benzene (C6H6), and C-3-C-5 alkanes. We estimate emissions for a subset of these species by using the Vulcan high resolution CO(2)ff emission data product as a reference. We find that CO is overestimated in the 2008 National Emissions Inventory (NEI08) by a factor of 2. A close evaluation of the inventory suggests that the ratio of CO emitted per unit fuel burned from on-road gasoline vehicles is likely over-estimated by a factor of 2.5. Using a wind-directional analysis of the data, we find enhanced concentrations of CH4, relative to CO(2)ff, in air influenced by emissions to the north and east of the BAO tower when compared to air influenced by emissions in the Denver metro region to the south. Along with enhanced CH4, the strongest enhancements of the C-3-C-5 alkanes are also found in the north and east wind sector, suggesting that both the alkane and CH4 enhancements are sourced from oil and gas fields located to the northeast, though it was not possible to rule out the contribution of non oil and gas CH4 sources. C1 [LaFranchi, B. W.; Guilderson, T. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Petron, G.; Miller, J. B.; Andrews, A. E.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Hall, B.; Miller, B. R.; Montzka, S. A.; Novelli, P. C.; Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Petron, G.; Miller, J. B.; Miller, B. R.; Neff, W.; Sweeney, C.; Turnbull, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehman, S. J.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Neff, W.; Wolfe, D. E.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Turnbull, J. C.] GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt 5040, New Zealand. [Gurney, K. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP LaFranchi, BW (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM lafranchi2@llnl.gov RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; NOAA; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Paula Zermeno (CAMS), Shane Bradshaw (CAMS), and Chad Wolak (INSTAAR) for their contributions to 14CO2 sample preparation, to C. Siso for analysis of the non-methane hydrocarbons, and to D. Kitzis for the preparation of the NWT reference cylinders. Funding was provided by DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and NOAA. A portion of this work was performed under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 21 BP 11101 EP 11120 DI 10.5194/acp-13-11101-2013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 253PP UT WOS:000327101900035 ER PT J AU Dennis, CL Ivkov, R AF Dennis, Cindi L. Ivkov, Robert TI Physics of heat generation using magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYPERTHERMIA LA English DT Review DE Hyperthermia; hysteresis modelling; linear response theory; magnetic nanoparticle ID EXCHANGE-ANISOTROPY; BREAST-CANCER; PARTICLE; SIZE; FIELD; THERMOTHERAPY; HYSTERESIS; FREQUENCY; SURFACE; RADIOTHERAPY AB Magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia and thermal ablation have been actively studied experimentally and theoretically. In this review, we provide a summary of the literature describing the properties of nanometer-scale magnetic materials suspended in biocompatible fluids and their interactions with external magnetic fields. Summarised are the properties and mechanisms understood to be responsible for magnetic heating, and the models developed to understand the behaviour of single-domain magnets exposed to alternating magnetic fields. Linear response theory and its assumptions have provided a useful beginning point; however, its limitations are apparent when nanoparticle heating is measured over a wide range of magnetic fields. Well-developed models (e.g. for magnetisation reversal mechanisms and pseudo-single domain formation) available from other fields of research are explored. Some of the methods described include effects of moment relaxation, anisotropy, nanoparticle and moment rotation mechanisms, interactions and collective behaviour, which have been experimentally identified to be important. Here, we will discuss the implicit assumptions underlying these analytical models and their relevance to experiments. Numerical simulations will be discussed as an alternative to these simple analytical models, including their applicability to experimental data. Finally, guidelines for the design of optimal magnetic nanoparticles will be presented. C1 [Dennis, Cindi L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ivkov, Robert] Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiat Oncol & Mol Radiat Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Dennis, CL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8552, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cindi.dennis@nist.gov RI Ivkov, Robert/A-3902-2015 OI Ivkov, Robert/0000-0002-2930-5276 NR 97 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 13 U2 74 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0265-6736 EI 1464-5157 J9 INT J HYPERTHER JI Int. J. Hyperthermia PY 2013 VL 29 IS 8 BP 715 EP 729 DI 10.3109/02656736.2013.836758 PG 15 WC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 258VC UT WOS:000327485800003 PM 24131317 ER PT S AU Karimkashi, S Kishk, AA AF Karimkashi, Shaya Kishk, Ahmed A. GP IEEE TI Ultra-Wideband Transient Arrays: Focusing and Defocusing SO PROCEEDINGS OF 2013 URSI INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY (EMTS) SE URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory (EMTS) CY MAY 20-24, 2013 CL Int Union Radio Sci Japanese Comm, Commiss B, Hiroshima, JAPAN SP Int Union Radio Sci, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Elect Soc HO Int Union Radio Sci Japanese Comm, Commiss B ID TRANSMISSION-LINE METHOD; FAR-FIELD RADIATION; HERTZIAN DIPOLES; BREAST-CANCER; ANTENNA-ARRAY; HYPERTHERMIA; COMPUTE; REGION; MODELS; SPACE AB Some focusing properties of the ultra-wideband time-domain focused array antennas were presented. Large current radiators are considered as the elements of the antenna array. Several antenna arrays with different sizes and number of elements are modeled. It is shown that similar to narrow band antennas, the actual maximum field region shifts from the intended focus region towards the antenna aperture. C1 [Karimkashi, Shaya] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kishk, Ahmed A.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H4B 1R6, Canada. RP Karimkashi, S (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Shaya.karimkashi@ou.edu; kishk@ece.concordia.ca NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2163-405X BN 978-1-4673-4939-0; 978-4-88552-276-5 J9 URSI INT SYM ELECT PY 2013 BP 412 EP 415 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIA80 UT WOS:000327180500111 ER PT J AU Ugur, MA Richardson, T Grejner-Brzezinska, DA Toth, C Mader, GL AF Ugur, M. A. Richardson, T. Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A. Toth, C. Mader, G. L. GP ION TI The Effect of Tropospheric Delay Modeling on the Determination of GPS-Derived Ellipsoidal Height in Permanent GNSS Networks using OPUS-Projects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2013 INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Technical Meeting of the Institute-of-Navigation CY JAN 27-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP Inst Nav AB The National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) is the primary reference system used for land surveys and engineering applications, within the Continental United States. The Height Modernization Program, which has been designed and is being implemented by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is an ongoing operation focused on forming accurate, reliable heights using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology in conjunction with traditional leveling, gravity, and modern remote sensing information. The traditional method for determining the elevation of vertical benchmarks is differential leveling; the disadvantages of this technique are high cost, time consumption, and nonsystematic errors (Roman & Weston, 2011). With the advance and expansion of space-based technology, GPS surveying has been used extensively for the production and propagation of survey control. In order for GPS-derived ellipsoidal heights to have any physical meaning in a surveying or engineering application, the ellipsoidal heights must be transformed to orthometric heights. The conversion of GPS ellipsoidal heights to orthometric heights typically involves measuring ellipsoidal heights, applying some form of geoid model and making an adjustment to fit the resulting orthometric heights to the existing vertical datum. NGS has been developing gravimetric geoid models to enable the determination of orthometric heights (H) since the 1990s. Since 1996, these gravimetric models have been combined with GPS and leveling information on known benchmarks to create a second type of models known as hybrid models. Hybrid models provide a practical and accurate transformation from GPS-derived ellipsoid heights to orthometric heights, called GPS-derived orthometric heights (Milbert, 1991). The determination of GPS-derived ellipsoidal heights is one of the most critical components in the implementation of a precise hybrid geoid model, which, among others, are also subject to potentially significant error sources in GPS. These error sources reduce the accuracy of GPS-derived coordinates and ellipsoidal heights. The height component is primarily affected by inherent geometric weakness of GPS, that is, observing signals only above the horizon of the user, and by un-modeled part of a tropospheric delay. Some recent studies have shown that tropospheric delay is one of the most challenging and essential error sources in space based geodetic applications; especially in the determination of ellipsoidal height and the terrestrial reference frame (Mendes, 1999). This paper focuses on the techniques of achieving improvements in the accuracy of the GPS-derived ellipsoidal height, and addresses the effects of neutral atmospheric (tropospheric) delay and reference frame on ellipsoidal height. Most importantly, this paper demonstrates that these errors can be reduced, resulting in the improved accuracy of GPS-derived ellipsoidal heights, through the combination of the national and global permanent GNSS networks (Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) and International GNSS Service (IGS)). C1 [Ugur, M. A.; Richardson, T.; Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A.; Toth, C.] Ohio State Univ, Satellite Positioning & Inertial Nav Lab SPIN, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mader, G. L.] Natl Geodet Survey, Geosci Res Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ugur, MA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Satellite Positioning & Inertial Nav Lab SPIN, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU Ohio Department of Transportation [134692, 134698] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support for this work provided by the Ohio Department of Transportation, state projects 134692 and 134698 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2013 BP 545 EP 558 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BHZ13 UT WOS:000327063800052 ER PT J AU Valadez-Perez, NE Castaneda-Priego, R Liu, Y AF Valadez-Perez, Nestor E. Castaneda-Priego, Ramon Liu, Yun TI Percolation in colloidal systems with competing interactions: the role of long-range repulsion SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTER FORMATION; SQUARE-WELL FLUID; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; MONTE-CARLO; AGGREGATION KINETICS; DYNAMICAL ARREST; PHASE; SIMULATION; GELATION AB Percolation in suspensions driven only by short-ranged attractions has been studied for a long-time due to its imminent relation with equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes, such as gelation and glass transition. Recently, the effects of an additional long-range repulsion have received attention as the competition between both contributions of the potential features are shown to be important to understand the phase behavior of many charged colloidal systems, such as proteins in aqueous solutions. Due to the inherent importance of the percolation in determining the structure of a fluid and its pertinent relation with dynamical arrest, here, we use Monte Carlo computer simulations to systematically study the influence of the repulsion on the percolation. The formation and geometry of clusters when a system percolates are investigated. Our results indicate that the addition of the long-ranged repulsion increases the average cluster size, resulting in the shift of the percolation threshold to lower volume fractions. We also show that the structure of small clusters is mostly affected by the attraction, while the morphology of intermediate and large size clusters is determined by the energetic balance between attraction and repulsion. C1 [Valadez-Perez, Nestor E.; Castaneda-Priego, Ramon] Univ Guanajuato, Div Ciencias & Ingn, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. [Valadez-Perez, Nestor E.; Liu, Yun] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yun.liu@nist.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 FU CONACYT-Mexico [102339/2008]; NSF-Conacyt [147892/2011]; PROMEP (Red Fisica de la Materia Blanda) FX N.E.V.P. and Y.L. thank the useful discussions with Prof. Walter Kob and Prof. Norman J. Wagner. N.E.V.P thanks to Dr Joseph Curtis for computing time at NCNR facilities. Financial support from CONACYT-Mexico (102339/2008), NSF-Conacyt (147892/2011) and PROMEP (Red Fisica de la Materia Blanda) is acknowledged. This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreement 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2013 VL 3 IS 47 BP 25110 EP 25119 DI 10.1039/c3ra44588g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 255SU UT WOS:000327261000047 ER PT J AU Harris, JM Huh, JY Semler, MR Ihle, T Stafford, CM Hudson, SD Fagan, JA Hobbie, EK AF Harris, John M. Huh, Ji Yeon Semler, Matthew R. Ihle, Thomas Stafford, Christopher M. Hudson, Steven D. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Hobbie, Erik K. TI Elasticity and rigidity percolation in flexible carbon nanotube films on PDMS substrates SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL-FORCE PERCOLATION; CONNECTIVITY PERCOLATION; 1ST-ORDER RIGIDITY; 2 DIMENSIONS; NETWORKS; MECHANICS; SEPARATION; TRANSPORT; BACKBONE; GEOMETRY AB The evolution of wrinkles and folds in compressed thin films of type-purified single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates is used to study the mechanical response of pristine nanotube networks. While the low-strain moduli are consistent with the exceptional mechanical properties of individual nanotubes, the films are remarkably fragile, exhibiting small yield strains that decrease with increasing thickness. We find significant differences in the mechanical response of semiconducting as compared to metallic SWCNT networks, and we use simple scaling arguments to relate these differences to previously determined Hamaker constants associated with each electronic type. A comparison with conductivity measurements performed on identical films suggests more than a two-fold variation in the onset of rigidity vs. connectivity percolation, and we discuss the potential implications of this for both rigid-rod networks and the use of type-purified SWCNTs in flexible electronics. C1 [Harris, John M.; Semler, Matthew R.; Ihle, Thomas; Hobbie, Erik K.] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Huh, Ji Yeon; Stafford, Christopher M.; Hudson, Steven D.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. EM erik.hobbie@ndsu.edu OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CMMI-0969155, DMR-0706017] FX EKH and TI gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) through CMMI-0969155 and DMR-0706017. The authors also thank Paul van der Schoot for useful insight. NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 48 BP 11568 EP 11575 DI 10.1039/c3sm51878g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 259AQ UT WOS:000327500200016 ER PT J AU Dawson, DT Wicker, LJ Mansell, ER Jung, YS Xue, M AF Dawson, Daniel T., II Wicker, Louis J. Mansell, Edward R. Jung, Youngsun Xue, Ming TI Low-Level Polarimetric Radar Signatures in EnKF Analyses and Forecasts of the May 8, 2003 Oklahoma City Tornadic Supercell: Impact of Multimoment Microphysics and Comparisons with Observation SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; 2-MOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; PART I; DATA ASSIMILATION; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CLIMATE MODELS; SQUALL LINE AB The impact of increasing the number of predicted moments in a multimoment bulk microphysics scheme is investigated using ensemble Kalman filter analyses and forecasts of the May 8, 2003 Oklahoma City tornadic supercell storm and the analyses are validated using dual-polarization radar observations. The triple-moment version of the microphysics scheme exhibits the best performance, relative to the single- and double-moment versions, in reproducing the low-Z(DR) hail core and high-Z(DR) arc, as well as an improved probabilistic track forecast of the mesocyclone. A comparison of the impact of the improved microphysical scheme on probabilistic forecasts of the mesocyclone track with the observed tornado track is also discussed. C1 [Dawson, Daniel T., II; Jung, Youngsun; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Dawson, Daniel T., II; Wicker, Louis J.; Mansell, Edward R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Dawson, Daniel T., II] Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Dawson, DT (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ddawson@ou.edu RI Dawson II, Daniel/I-4552-2012; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Dawson II, Daniel/0000-0002-2079-1247; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837; Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowships [AGS-1137702]; NOAA/OAR under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; NSF [AGS-1046171]; Weather Radar Center, Korea Meteorological Administration FX This work was primarily supported by the National Research Council and National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowships (AGS-1137702) awarded to the first author at the NOAA National Severe Storms Laboratory and was partially supported by NOAA/OAR under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, NSF Grant AGS-1046171, and by a research grant from the Weather Radar Center, Korea Meteorological Administration. Graphics were generated using Matplotlib [58]. NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 818394 DI 10.1155/2013/818394 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252TP UT WOS:000327033700001 ER PT J AU Qiu, XB Xu, Q Qiu, CJ Nai, K Zhang, PF AF Qiu, Xiaobin Xu, Qin Qiu, Chongjian Nai, Kang Zhang, Pengfei TI Retrieving 3D Wind Field from Phased Array Radar Rapid Scans SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; ADJOINT-METHOD RETRIEVALS; MICROBURST WINDS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; PHOENIX-II; COVARIANCES; REFLECTIVITY AB The previous two-dimensional simple adjoint method for retrieving horizontal wind field from a time sequence of single-Doppler scans of reflectivity and/or radial velocity is further developed into a new method to retrieve both horizontal and vertical winds at high temporal and spatial resolutions. This new method performs two steps. First, the horizontal wind field is retrieved on the conical surface at each tilt (elevation angle) of radar scan. Second, the vertical velocity field is retrieved in a vertical cross-section along the radar beam with the horizontal velocity given from the first step. The method is applied to phased array radar (PAR) rapid scans of the storm winds and reflectivity in a strong microburst event and is shown to be able to retrieve the three-dimensional wind field around a targeted downdraft within the storm that subsequently produced a damaging microburst. The method is computationally very efficient and can be used for real-time applications with PAR rapid scans. C1 [Qiu, Xiaobin] Tianjin Inst Meteorol Sci, Tianjin 300074, Peoples R China. [Qiu, Xiaobin; Qiu, Chongjian] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qin; Zhang, Pengfei] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Nai, Kang; Zhang, Pengfei] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR Grant [N000141010778]; NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227]; Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau [201316] FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Alan Shapiro and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the representation of the results and to GuangYu Wang for his help in editing Figure 4. The research was supported by ONR Grant N000141010778 to the University of Oklahoma (OU), NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, and Tianjin Municipal Meteorological Bureau Grant 201316. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 792631 DI 10.1155/2013/792631 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 252TK UT WOS:000327033200001 ER PT J AU Zarate, P Bjorndal, KA Parra, M Dutton, PH Seminoff, JA Bolten, AB AF Zarate, Patricia Bjorndal, Karen A. Parra, Macarena Dutton, Peter H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Bolten, Alan B. TI Hatching and emergence success in green turtle Chelonia mydas nests in the Galapagos Islands SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Sea turtle reproduction; Clutch success; Generalized additive models; Pacific Ocean; Predation; Feral pigs; Beetles; Reptiles ID CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLE; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; LEATHERBACK TURTLE; SAND CHARACTERISTICS; AKYATAN-BEACH; COSTA-RICA; TEMPERATURE; TURKEY AB The interactions of numerous abiotic and biotic factors experienced by sea turtle embryos during incubation affect their survival. In this study we determined the hatching and emergence success of green turtles Chelonia mydas from nests on 4 beaches on the Galapagos Islands, one of the most important rookeries for green turtles in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Mean (+/- SD) hatching and emergence success for the 1039 nests examined were 46.0 +/- 33.4 and 45.6 +/- 33.4%, respectively. These values are relatively low compared to other green turtle populations worldwide. We evaluated the effects of beach, year, day of oviposition, carapace length and width of female, nest position, nest habitat, and nest chamber depth on hatching and emergence success with binomial generalized additive models with fixed effects. We found variation in hatching and emergence success was significant among beaches, years, day of oviposition, and nest habitat. Predation by feral pigs and beetles and destruction of earlier nests by nesting females were the most important causes of embryo mortality. Efforts to keep threats at minimum levels, particularly controlling pigs near Isabela beaches, should be considered a major conservation objective. This study highlights important differences among beaches within a rookery and emphasizes the need to continue improving management strategies to protect green turtles and their critical habitats. Quantitative information provided here can be used as a basis for long-term studies in the Galapagos and for comparison to other sea turtles rookeries. C1 [Zarate, Patricia; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zarate, Patricia; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Zarate, Patricia; Parra, Macarena] Charles Darwin Fdn, Marine Sci Program, Santa Cruz Isl, Galapagos Islan, Ecuador. [Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Zarate, P (reprint author), Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM pzarate@ufl.edu FU GNPS; National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS, USA); Conservacion Internacional (CI, Ecuador); National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF, USA); Ecology Project International (EPI, USA); Swiss Friends of Galapagos; Charles Darwin Foundation Canada; Turner Foundation; GAP Adventures; Laboratorio Epidemiologia y Patologia Fabricio Valverde (GNP and University of Guayaquil) FX We gratefully acknowledge assistance in the field and research provided by M. Robles, C. Chasiluisa, I. Bravo, S. Castillo, N. Beaumont, E. Cadena, J. Carrion, M. A. Fernie, C. Angulo, F. Gomez, M. Bosquirolli, S. Cahoon, E. Palacios, M. Gonzalez, J. Solano, D. Paez, C. R. Hasbun, P. Swanell, A. Gaos, I. Yanez, and L. Martinez, and all of the volunteers in the field. We thank H. Herrera and A. M. Ortega for rearing flies at the Charles Darwin Foundation in Puerto Ayora, Galapagos, and B. Sinclair of the Zoologisches Forschungs Institute und Museum Alexander Koenig in Germany for identifying adult flies. We thank E. M. Lopez from the National Mexican Turtle Center in Oaxaca, Mexico, for his insights on beetle predation. We also thank W. Tapia from the GNPS for support and comments on the manuscript. Fig. 1 was created with seaturtle.org Maptool (www.seaturtle.org/maptool/). Funding was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS, USA), Conservacion Internacional (CI, Ecuador), National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (NFWF, USA), Ecology Project International (EPI, USA), Swiss Friends of Galapagos, Charles Darwin Foundation Canada, Turner Foundation, GAP Adventures, Laboratorio Epidemiologia y Patologia Fabricio Valverde (GNP and University of Guayaquil). We also thank the Galapagos National Park for providing research permits for this investigation and the collection of samples. We thank the administration, quarantine and inspection, and science areas and their staff at the Charles Darwin Foundation for their support and assistance. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 9 U2 47 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2013 VL 19 IS 3 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.3354/ab00534 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 253NM UT WOS:000327094800003 ER PT S AU Patrick, HJ Zarobila, CJ Germer, TA AF Patrick, Heather J. Zarobila, Clarence J. Germer, Thomas A. BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI The NIST Robotic Optical Scatter Instrument (ROSI) and its Application to BRDF Measurements of Diffuse Reflectance Standards for Remote Sensing SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XVIII CY AUG 26-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE BRDF; reflectance; robotics; bidirectional; diffuse; STARR; STARR II; ROSI; supercontinuum AB We describe the robotic optical scatter instrument (ROSI), a new robotic arm-based goniometer for in-plane and out-of-plane reflectance and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) measurements of surfaces. The goniometer enables BRDF measurements to be made at nearly any combination of incident and scattering angles, without obstruction from frames or cradles that occur in traditional goniometers made of nested rotation stages. We present exploratory measurements of in-plane and hemispherically-scanned out-of-plane BRDF on a sintered white polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sample using a supercontinuum fiber laser-based tunable light source operated at a wavelength of 550 nm, in order to demonstrate the capabilities of the system. An initial assessment of uncertainties is presented. C1 [Patrick, Heather J.; Zarobila, Clarence J.; Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heather.patrick@nist.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9716-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8866 AR UNSP 886615 DI 10.1117/12.2023095 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHU75 UT WOS:000326700700035 ER PT S AU Atlas, R Emmitt, GD Pagano, TS AF Atlas, Robert Emmitt, George D. Pagano, Thomas S. BE Mouroulis, P Pagano, TS TI Observing system simulation experiments to evaluate the impact of remotely sensed data on hurricane track and intensity prediction SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XVIII CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE OSSE; hurricanes; numerical weather prediction; NWP AB Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are an important tool for evaluating the potential impact of proposed new observing systems, as well as for evaluating trade-offs in observing system design, and in developing and assessing improved methodology for assimilating new observations. Detailed OSSEs have been conducted at NASA/GSFC and NOAA/AOML in collaboration with Simpson Weather Associates and operational data assimilation centers over the last three decades. These OSSEs determined correctly the quantitative potential for several proposed satellite observing systems to improve weather analysis and prediction prior to their launch, evaluated trade-offs in orbits, coverage and accuracy for space-based wind lidars, and were used in the development of the methodology that led to the first beneficial impacts of satellite surface winds on numerical weather prediction. In this paper, we summarize early applications of global OSSEs to hurricane track forecasting and new experiments, using both global and regional models, that are aimed at both track and intensity forecasting. C1 [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Robert.atlas@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9720-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8870 AR 887005 DI 10.1117/12.2024445 PG 8 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Spectroscopy GA BHU80 UT WOS:000326705200003 ER PT J AU Yussouf, N Gao, JD Stensrud, DJ Ge, GQ AF Yussouf, Nusrat Gao, Jidong Stensrud, David J. Ge, Guoqing TI The Impact of Mesoscale Environmental Uncertainty on the Prediction of a Tornadic Supercell Storm Using Ensemble Data Assimilation Approach SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; KALMAN FILTER ASSIMILATION; WSR-88D RADAR DATA; MODEL PHYSICS; PART II; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; INITIAL CONDITION; ANALYSIS SYSTEM AB Numerical experiments over the past years indicate that incorporating environmental variability is crucial for successful very short-range convective-scale forecasts. To explore the impact of model physics on the creation of environmental variability and its uncertainty, combined mesoscale-convective scale data assimilation experiments are conducted for a tornadic supercell storm. Two 36-member WRF-ARW model-based mesoscale EAKF experiments are conducted to provide background environments using either fixed or multiple physics schemes across the ensemble members. Two 36-member convective-scale ensembles are initialized using background fields from either fixed physics or multiple physics mesoscale ensemble analyses. Radar observations from four operational WSR-88Ds are assimilated into convective-scale ensembles using ARPS model-based 3DVAR system and ensemble forecasts are launched. Results show that the ensemble with background fields from multiple physics ensemble provides more realistic forecasts of significant tornado parameter, dryline structure, and near surface variables than ensemble from fixed physics background fields. The probabilities of strong low-level updraft helicity from multiple physics ensemble correlate better with observed tornado and rotation tracks than probabilities from fixed physics ensemble. This suggests that incorporating physics diversity across the ensemble can be important to successful probabilistic convective-scale forecast of supercell thunderstorms, which is the main goal of NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast initiative. C1 [Yussouf, Nusrat] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yussouf, Nusrat; Gao, Jidong; Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Ge, Guoqing] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Yussouf, N (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nusrat.yussouf@noaa.gov RI Ge, Guoqing/J-3067-2015 OI Ge, Guoqing/0000-0002-9934-0608 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX The constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the paper. Local computer assistance provided by Brett Morrow, Steven Fletcher, Brad Swagowitz, and Karen Cooper is greatly appreciated. Partial funding for this research was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 8 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 731647 DI 10.1155/2013/731647 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 250GD UT WOS:000326837600001 ER PT J AU Bhartia, PK McPeters, RD Flynn, LE Taylor, S Kramarova, NA Frith, S Fisher, B DeLand, M AF Bhartia, P. K. McPeters, R. D. Flynn, L. E. Taylor, S. Kramarova, N. A. Frith, S. Fisher, B. DeLand, M. TI Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) total ozone and profile algorithm SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID POLAR MESOSPHERIC CLOUDS; MOUNT-PINATUBO AEROSOLS; ULTRAVIOLET MEASUREMENTS; UPPER-STRATOSPHERE; RAMAN-SCATTERING; CROSS-SECTIONS; COLUMN OZONE; RETRIEVAL; RADIANCE; TEMPERATURE AB We describe the algorithm that has been applied to develop a 42 yr record of total ozone and ozone profiles from eight Solar Backscatter UV (SBUV) instruments launched on NASA and NOAA satellites since April 1970. The Version 8 (V8) algorithm was released more than a decade ago and has been in use since then at NOAA to produce their operational ozone products. The current algorithm (V8.6) is basically the same as V8, except for updates to instrument calibration, incorporation of new ozone absorption cross-sections, and new ozone and cloud height climatologies. Since the V8 algorithm has been optimized for deriving monthly zonal mean (MZM) anomalies for ozone assessment and model comparisons, our emphasis in this paper is primarily on characterizing the sources of errors that are relevant for such studies. When data are analyzed this way the effect of some errors, such as vertical smoothing of short-term variability, and noise due to clouds and aerosols diminish in importance, while the importance of others, such as errors due to vertical smoothing of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and other periodic and aperiodic variations, become more important. With V8.6 zonal mean data we now provide smoothing kernels that can be used to compare anomalies in SBUV profile and partial ozone columns with models. In this paper we show how to use these kernels to compare SBUV data with Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) ozone profiles. These kernels are particularly useful for comparisons in the lower stratosphere where SBUV profiles have poor vertical resolution but partial column ozone values have high accuracy. We also provide our best estimate of the smoothing errors associated with SBUV MZM profiles. Since smoothing errors are the largest source of uncertainty in these profiles, they can be treated as error bars in deriving interannual variability and trends using SBUV data and for comparing with other measurements. In the V8 and V8.6 algorithms we derive total column ozone by integrating the SBUV profiles, rather than from a separate set of wavelengths, as was done in previous algorithm versions. This allows us to extend the total ozone retrieval to 88 degrees solar zenith angle (SZA). Since the quality of total column data is affected by reduced sensitivity to ozone in the lower atmosphere by cloud and Rayleigh attenuation, which gets worse with increasing SZA, we provide our best estimate of these errors, as well as the kernels that can be used to test the sensitivity of the derived columns to longterm changes in ozone in the lower atmosphere. C1 [Bhartia, P. K.; McPeters, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Flynn, L. E.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Kramarova, N. A.; Frith, S.; Fisher, B.; DeLand, M.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Bhartia, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM pawan.bhartia@nasa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Kramarova, Natalya/D-2270-2014; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Kramarova, Natalya/0000-0002-6083-8548; McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 59 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 10 BP 2533 EP 2548 DI 10.5194/amt-6-2533-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246OB UT WOS:000326547100001 ER PT J AU Kinzey, D Watters, G Reiss, CS AF Kinzey, D. Watters, G. Reiss, C. S. TI EFFECTS OF RECRUITMENT VARIABILITY AND NATURAL MORTALITY ON GENERALISED YIELD MODEL PROJECTIONS AND THE CCAMLR DECISION RULES FOR ANTARCTIC KRILL SO CCAMLR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; SCOTIA SEA; PENINSULA; BIOMASS AB The generalised yield model (GYM) was used by CCAMLR to establish the precautionary catch limit for the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) fishery. The current precautionary catch limit was based on supplying the GYM with a natural mortality rate of 0.8 and recruitment variability generated using a Beta distribution for proportional recruitment of krill. In this study, krill sampling data for empirical size frequencies were supplied to the GYM as the 'vector of recruitments' input option to simulate the population dynamics of krill around the Antarctic Peninsula (Subarea 48.1) along with increasing rates of natural mortality. The annual proportions of krill less than 36 mm in length to the total captured in net samples in four sampling areas of the Peninsula were used as proxies for recruitment variability. The variability of proportional recruitment in the CCAMLR study areas was similar to the variability in other krill studies and in the annual size distributions of krill in penguin diets. Simulations with either no fishing, or with fishing at the trigger level (lowest catches), at approximately half the precautionary catch limit (intermediate), or at the precautionary catch limit (highest) were conducted. As the values for natural mortality, recruitment variability and catch were increased, fewer of the scenarios were able to meet the CCAMLR decision rules. The higher precautionary level of catch was not obtainable while meeting CCAMLR decision criteria for at least two of the four recruitment vectors based on net sampling, regardless of how the specified parameters for recruitment and mortality were combined. Any substantial future increases in krill harvests in Area 48 beyond the trigger level require verification that the krill recruitment variability, natural mortality, and other parameters specified in the scenarios used to test management criteria, adequately represent the range of plausible values encompassing krill population biology. C1 [Kinzey, D.; Watters, G.; Reiss, C. S.] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kinzey, D (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM doug.kinzey@noaa.gov FU NSF [OPP-9011927, OPP-9632763, OPP-0217282] FX We thank David Ramm of the CCAMLR Secretariat for providing the GYM data files used at WG-EMM-11, Tom Peatman of MRAG, UK, for discussion of recruitment modelling in the GYM and providing the data files used in Peatman et al., 2011, and an anonymous reviewer. Data on penguin diets from the Palmer LTER data archive were supported by Office of Polar Programs, NSF Grants OPP-9011927, OPP-9632763 and OPP-0217282. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 10 PU C C A M L R TI PI NORTH HOBART PA PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA SN 1023-4063 J9 CCAMLR SCI JI CCAMLR Sci. PY 2013 VL 20 BP 81 EP 96 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 251JN UT WOS:000326924700006 ER PT J AU Gregow, E Saltikoff, E Albers, S Hohti, H AF Gregow, E. Saltikoff, E. Albers, S. Hohti, H. TI Precipitation accumulation analysis - assimilation of radar-gauge measurements and validation of different methods SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM LAPS; RAINFALL ESTIMATION; LOCAL ANALYSIS; NETWORK; BIAS AB We investigate the appropriateness of four different methods to produce precipitation accumulation fields using radar data alone or combined with precipitation gauge data. These methods were validated for high-latitude weather conditions of Finland. The reference method uses radar reflectivity only, while three assimilation methods are used to blend radar and surface observations together, namely the linear analysis regression, the Barnes objective analysis and a new method based on a combination of the regression and Barnes techniques (RandB). The Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) is used as a platform to calculate the four different hourly accumulation products over a 6-month period covering summer 2011. The performance of each method is verified against both dependent and independent observations (i.e. observations that are or are not included, respectively, into the precipitation accumulation analysis). The newly developed RandB method performs best according to our results. Applying the regression or Barnes assimilation analysis separately still yields better results for the accumulation products compared to precipitation accumulation derived from radar data alone. C1 [Gregow, E.; Hohti, H.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Albers, S.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Albers, S.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Gregow, E (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, POB 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM erik.gregow@fmi.fi RI Gregow, Erik/N-1591-2014 NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 10 BP 4109 EP 4120 DI 10.5194/hess-17-4109-2013 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 247FZ UT WOS:000326603200029 ER PT J AU Miyazaki, K Asada, Y Fukutsuka, T Abe, T Bendersky, LA AF Miyazaki, Kohei Asada, Yuya Fukutsuka, Tomokazu Abe, Takeshi Bendersky, Leonid A. TI Structural insights into ion conduction of layered double hydroxides with various proportions of trivalent cations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROTALCITE-LIKE COMPOUNDS; MG-AL; LITHIUM; DIFFRACTION; TRANSPORT; RANGE; CELL; GA AB We report herein the structural influence of in-plane cation arrangements on ion conductivities of layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Mg-Al-CO3 and Mg-Ga-CO3 LDHs with different proportions of trivalent cations were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, and we found that their ion conductivities presented a steep increase only at peculiar proportions of trivalent cations. Electron-beam diffraction patterns revealed that LDHs with such proportions had an ordered honeycomb arrangement of di- and trivalent cations in (0001) hydroxide layers. We propose a crucial insight that relates the order/disorder arrangement and ion conductivities for better understanding the nature of LDHs. C1 [Miyazaki, Kohei; Asada, Yuya; Fukutsuka, Tomokazu; Abe, Takeshi] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. [Miyazaki, Kohei] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy JST, PREST, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Miyazaki, K (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Nishikyo Ku, Kyoto 6158510, Japan. EM myzkohei@elech.kuic.kyoto-u.ac.jp RI Abe, Takeshi/F-2544-2010; Fukutsuka, Tomokazu/F-2918-2010; Miyazaki, Kohei/E-4631-2010 OI Fukutsuka, Tomokazu/0000-0002-8731-9078; Miyazaki, Kohei/0000-0001-5177-3570 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 46 BP 14569 EP 14576 DI 10.1039/c3ta13632a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 249OE UT WOS:000326785700021 ER PT S AU Wang, QD Soons, JA Griesmann, U AF Wang, Quandou Soons, Johannes A. Griesmann, Ulf BE Fahnle, OW Williamson, R Kim, DW TI Holographic Radius Test Plates SO OPTICAL MANUFACTURING AND TESTING X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Manufacturing and Testing X CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Optical interferometry; Radius test plates; Computer-generated hologram ID INTERFEROMETRY AB We evaluate a method for testing the radius of a spherical surface with a hologram that consists of a pair of nested Fresnel zone lenses. The hologram is positioned in the collimated test beam of a Fizeau interferometer. The inner zone lens generates a focus at the test part surface, whereas the wavefront of the first diffraction order of the outer zone lens is confocal with the test part. When the test part radius is equal to the nominal radius, the fringes in both zone lens areas are nulled at the same distance of the test sphere from the zone lens. The radius error of the spherical surface can be calculated from the test sphere displacement between interferometer null positions for the inner and outer zone lenses, or from the defocus term of the outer (confocal) lens at the position of zero defocus of the inner (cat's-eye) zone lens. The primary benefits of the nested zone lens method are its ease of use, and that it enables radius measurements of spherical surfaces with large radii. We describe the radius measurement of a precise convex sphere with a nominal radius of 80 mm. C1 [Wang, Quandou; Soons, Johannes A.; Griesmann, Ulf] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, QD (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM quandou.wang@nist.gov; johannes.soons@nist.gov; ulf.griesmann@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9688-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8838 AR 88380I DI 10.1117/12.2024890 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA BHU99 UT WOS:000326720200017 ER PT S AU Kuo, PS Pelc, JS Slattery, O Kim, YS Tang, X AF Kuo, Paulina S. Pelc, Jason S. Slattery, Oliver Kim, Yong-Su Tang, Xiao BE Meyers, RE Shih, Y Deacon, KS TI Entangled photon generation in a phase-modulated, quasi-phasematched crystal SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS AND QUANTUM IMAGING XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging XI CY AUG 26-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE quantum optics; nonlinear optics; parametric processes; polarization entangled pair source; spontaneous parametric downconversion; entanglement ID WAVE-GUIDE; CONVERSION; PAIRS; DETECTOR; LINBO3 AB We propose a scheme to generate polarization-entangled photon pairs by spontaneous parametric downconversion in a phase-modulated, type-II, quasi-phasematched (QPM) crystal. Instead of using two distinct crystals to generate vertical bar HV> and vertical bar VH> states, the phase-modulated QPM grating allows both states to be generated simultaneously in a distributed fashion throughout the nonlinear crystal. Temporal compensation is still needed to correct for effects of birefringence in the crystal. The distributed generation of the polarization-entangled photons is compared to generation using two sequential crystals. C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slattery, Oliver; Kim, Yong-Su; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9725-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8875 AR 887508 DI 10.1117/12.2024286 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BHU77 UT WOS:000326703000005 ER PT S AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Oates, AS AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Oates, A. S. GP IEEE TI The Series Resistance Component of Hot Carrier Degradation in Ultra-Short Channel Devices SO 2013 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS (VLSI-TSA) SE International Symposium on VLSI Technology Systems and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems, and Applications (VLSI-TSA) CY APR 22-24, 2013 CL Hsinchu, TAIWAN ID EFFECTIVE MOBILITY; EXTRACTION AB Our measurements reveal that, similar to much larger power device geometries, hot carrier degradation in ultra-short channel devices involves (1) presumably defect generation-based parametric shifts in threshold voltage/transconductance and (2) an enhancement in series resistance. We show that the series resistance component, which has been seemingly overlooked for ultra-short channel devices, cannot be ignored. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, A. S.] TSMC Ltd, Hsinchu, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1524-766X BN 978-1-4673-3082-4; 978-1-4673-3081-7 J9 INT SYM VLSI TECH SY PY 2013 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHQ25 UT WOS:000326324800028 ER PT B AU Cullinan, MA Gorman, JJ AF Cullinan, Michael A. Gorman, Jason J. GP IEEE TI Transfer-Free, Wafer-Scale Fabrication of Graphene-Based Nanoelectromechanical Resonators SO 2013 MICROSYSTEMS FOR MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION (MAMNA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MAMNA Spring Symposium on Microsystems for Measurement and Instrumentation CY MAY 14, 2013 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD SP Mid Atlantic Micro Nano Alliance HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE component; Graphene; NEMS; Resonators; Manufacturing ID MONOLAYER GRAPHENE AB This paper presents a method for fabricating graphene-based nanoelectromechanical resonators at the wafer-scale using techniques that are compatibles with conventional MEMS manufacturing. In this method, graphene is grown directly on copper thin films using chemical vapor deposition. The graphene is then patterned and the copper is etched to create suspended graphene structures. This transfer-free fabrication method allows for precise fabrication of graphene resonators with localized back gates to minimize parasitic capacitances. This method also increase manufacturing flexability by allowing many different types of graphene devices to be fabricated on a single wafer. C1 [Cullinan, Michael A.; Gorman, Jason J.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cullinan, MA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Michael.Cullinan@nist.gov; Jason.Gorman@nist.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0221-7; 978-1-4799-0220-0 PY 2013 BP 3 EP 6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHT00 UT WOS:000326596700001 ER PT B AU Hood, RR Kendall, EL DeVoe, DL Quezado, Z Junqueira, M Finkel, JC Vreeland, WN AF Hood, Renee R. Kendall, Eric L. DeVoe, Don L. Quezado, Zenaide Junqueira, Mariana Finkel, Julia C. Vreeland, Wyatt N. GP IEEE TI Microfluidic Formation of Nanoscale Liposomes for Passive Transdermal Drug Delivery SO 2013 MICROSYSTEMS FOR MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION (MAMNA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MAMNA Spring Symposium on Microsystems for Measurement and Instrumentation CY MAY 14, 2013 CL Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD SP Mid Atlantic Micro Nano Alliance HO Natl Inst Standards & Technol DE drug delivery (transdermal drug delivery); bionanotechnology; microfluidics ID LIPID VESICLES; SKIN; NANOPARTICLES; SIZE AB In this work, the established technique for microfluidic synthesis of nanoscale liposomes of tunable size has been exploited for preclinical studies investigating the ability of small liposomes to passively cross through dermal layers for transdermal drug delivery. Topical application of therapeutics provides an avenue for painless, noninvasive delivery of molecules aimed at a range of clinical conditions. Unlike traditional methods, which yield polydisperse liposomes too large to traverse dermal layers (typically >80 nm), the microfluidic method enables the first investigation of nearly-monodisperse liposomes which are within the size range of interest (approximately 40 nm and below) for passive transdermal drug delivery. Here, the microfluidic method for liposome production has been utilized to generate small, nearly-monodisperse liposomes and demonstrated size-dependent passive uptake into porcine dermal tissue. C1 [Hood, Renee R.; Kendall, Eric L.; DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Quezado, Zenaide; Junqueira, Mariana; Finkel, Julia C.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Sheikh Zayed Inst Pediat Surg Innovat, Washington, DC USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Hood, RR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rrh@umd.edu RI Quezado, Zenaide/O-4860-2016 OI Quezado, Zenaide/0000-0001-9793-4368 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 11 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0221-7; 978-1-4799-0220-0 PY 2013 BP 12 EP 15 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHT00 UT WOS:000326596700003 ER PT J AU Nair, PJ Godin-Beekmann, S Kuttippurath, J Ancellet, G Goutail, F Pazmino, A Froidevaux, L Zawodny, JM Evans, RD Wang, HJ Anderson, J Pastel, M AF Nair, P. J. Godin-Beekmann, S. Kuttippurath, J. Ancellet, G. Goutail, F. Pazmino, A. Froidevaux, L. Zawodny, J. M. Evans, R. D. Wang, H. J. Anderson, J. Pastel, M. TI Ozone trends derived from the total column and vertical profiles at a northern mid-latitude station SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; DYNAMICAL CONTRIBUTIONS; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SATELLITE; RECOVERY; SWITZERLAND; SERIES; 43.92-DEGREES-N; 5.71-DEGREES-E AB The trends and variability of ozone are assessed over a northern mid-latitude station, Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP: 43.93 degrees N, 5.71 degrees E), using total column ozone observations from the Dobson and Systeme d'Analyse par Observation Zenithale spectrometers, and stratospheric ozone profile measurements from light detection and ranging (lidar), ozonesondes, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). A multivariate regression model with quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), solar flux, aerosol optical thickness, heat flux, North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and a piecewise linear trend (PWLT) or equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) functions is applied to the ozone anomalies. The maximum variability of ozone in winter/spring is explained by QBO and heat flux in the ranges 15-45 km and 15-24 km, respectively. The NAO shows maximum influence in the lower stratosphere during winter, while the solar flux influence is largest in the lower and middle stratosphere in summer. The total column ozone trends estimated from the PWLT and EESC functions are of -1.47 +/- 0.27 and -1.40 +/- 0.25DU yr(-1), respectively, over the period 1984-1996 and about 0.55 +/- 0.30 and 0.42 +/- 0.08 DU yr(-1), respectively, over the period 1997-2010. The ozone profiles yield similar and significant EESC-based and PWLT trends for 1984-1996, and are about -0.5 and -0.8% yr(-1) in the lower and upper stratosphere, respectively. For 1997-2010, the EESC-based and PWLT estimates are of the order of 0.3 and 0.1% yr(-1), respectively, in the 18-28 km range, and at 40-45 km, EESC provides significant ozone trends larger than the insignificant PWLT results. Furthermore, very similar vertical trends for the respective time periods are also deduced from another long-term satellite-based data set (GOZCARDS-Global OZone Chemistry And Related trace gas Data records for the Stratosphere) sampled at northern mid-latitudes. Therefore, this analysis unveils ozone recovery signals from total column ozone and profile measurements at OHP, and hence in the northern mid-latitudes. C1 [Nair, P. J.; Godin-Beekmann, S.; Kuttippurath, J.; Ancellet, G.; Goutail, F.; Pazmino, A.; Pastel, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, UMR 8190, LATMOS IPSL, Univ Paris 06,CNRS INSU, Paris, France. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Zawodny, J. M.] NASA, Chem & Dynam Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Evans, R. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Anderson, J.] Hampton Univ, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Nair, PJ (reprint author), Univ Versailles St Quentin, UMR 8190, LATMOS IPSL, Univ Paris 06,CNRS INSU, Paris, France. EM gopalapi@aero.jussieu.fr RI Evans, Robert/D-4731-2016; OI Evans, Robert/0000-0002-8693-9769; Kuttippurath, Jayanarayanan/0000-0003-4073-8918 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the atmosphere) European project FX We would like to thank J. M. Russell III for the HALOE ozone data. We thank Cathy Boonne and the ETHER team for maintaining the ETHER data cluster, and the staff at OHP for operating the ozone monitoring instruments. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was done under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We also thank the NASA Langley Research Center (NASA-LaRC) and the NASA Langley Radiation and Aerosols Branch for providing SAGE II data, and the collaborative institutes of the NASA Langley Research Center for maintaining HALOE data. The ground-based ozone measurements were obtained as part of the NDACC and are publicly available (see http://www.ndacc.org). Reanalysis of the OHP lidar data was performed under the EU NORS contract. The Aura MLS and GOZCARDS data used in this effort were acquired as part of the activities of NASA's Science Mission Directorate, and are archived and distributed by the GES DISC. GOZCARDS is part of NASA's MEaSUREs (Making Earth System data records for Use in Research Environments) programme. This work was partly supported by funding from the GEOMON (Global Earth Observation and Monitoring of the atmosphere) European project. NR 55 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 20 BP 10373 EP 10384 DI 10.5194/acp-13-10373-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NK UT WOS:000326545100014 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Langridge, JM AF Lack, D. A. Langridge, J. M. TI On the attribution of black and brown carbon light absorption using the Angstrom exponent SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE SCATTERING ALBEDO; AEROSOL OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; IN-SITU AEROSOL; ORGANIC-CARBON; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; MIXING STATE; PARTICLES; ENHANCEMENT AB The absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) of externally mixed black carbon (BCExt), or BC internally mixed with non-absorbing material (BCInt), is often used to determine the contribution of brown carbon (BrC) light absorption at short visible wavelengths. This attribution method contains assumptions with uncertainties that have not been formally assessed. We show that the potential range of AAE for BCExt (or BCInt) in the atmosphere can reasonably lead to +7% to -22% uncertainty in BCExt (or BCInt) absorption at short wavelengths derived from measurements made at longer wavelengths, where BrC is assumed not to absorb light. These uncertainties propagate to errors in the attributed absorption of BrC. For uncertainty in attributed BrC absorption to be <= +/- 33 %, 23% to 41% of total absorption must be sourced from BrC. These uncertainties would be larger if absorption by dust were also to be considered due to additional AAE assumptions. For data collected during a biomass-burning event, the mean difference between measured and AAE attributed BrC absorption was found to be 34% - an additional uncertainty in addition to the theoretical uncertainties presented. In light of the potential for introducing significant and poorly constrained errors, we caution against the universal application of the AAE method for attributing BrC absorption. C1 [Lack, D. A.; Langridge, J. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Lack, D. A.; Langridge, J. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM daniel.lack@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program FX Thanks are owed to C. D. Cappa (University of California, Davis) and C. Brock (NOAA) for helpful discussions. Support was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office, and the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. NR 58 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 8 U2 70 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 20 BP 10535 EP 10543 DI 10.5194/acp-13-10535-2013 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 246NK UT WOS:000326545100024 ER PT J AU Bopp, L Resplandy, L Orr, JC Doney, SC Dunne, JP Gehlen, M Halloran, P Heinze, C Ilyina, T Seferian, R Tjiputra, J Vichi, M AF Bopp, L. Resplandy, L. Orr, J. C. Doney, S. C. Dunne, J. P. Gehlen, M. Halloran, P. Heinze, C. Ilyina, T. Seferian, R. Tjiputra, J. Vichi, M. TI Multiple stressors of ocean ecosystems in the 21st century: projections with CMIP5 models SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; THERMAL TOLERANCE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CALCIFYING ORGANISMS; CO2 CONCENTRATIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; EXPORT PRODUCTION AB Ocean ecosystems are increasingly stressed by human-induced changes of their physical, chemical and biological environment. Among these changes, warming, acidification, deoxygenation and changes in primary productivity by marine phytoplankton can be considered as four of the major stressors of open ocean ecosystems. Due to rising atmospheric CO2 in the coming decades, these changes will be amplified. Here, we use the most recent simulations performed in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 to assess how these stressors may evolve over the course of the 21st century. The 10 Earth system models used here project similar trends in ocean warming, acidification, deoxygenation and reduced primary productivity for each of the IPCC's representative concentration pathways (RCPs) over the 21st century. For the "business-as-usual" scenario RCP8.5, the model-mean changes in the 2090s (compared to the 1990s) for sea surface temperature, sea surface pH, global O-2 content and integrated primary productivity amount to +2.73 (+/- 0.72) degrees C, -0.33 (+/- 0.003) pH unit, -3.45 (+/- 0.44)% and -8.6 (+/- 7.9) %, respectively. For the high mitigation scenario RCP2.6, corresponding changes are +0.71 (+/- 0.45) degrees C, -0.07 (+/- 0.001) pH unit, -1.81 (+/- 0.31)% and -2.0 (+/- 4.1) %, respectively, illustrating the effectiveness of extreme mitigation strategies. Although these stressors operate globally, they display distinct regional patterns and thus do not change coincidentally. Large decreases in O-2 and in pH are simulated in global ocean intermediate and mode waters, whereas large reductions in primary production are simulated in the tropics and in the North Atlantic. Although temperature and pH projections are robust across models, the same does not hold for projections of subsurface O-2 concentrations in the tropics and global and regional changes in net primary productivity. These high uncertainties in projections of primary productivity and subsurface oxygen prompt us to continue inter-model comparisons to understand these model differences, while calling for caution when using the CMIP5 models to force regional impact models. C1 [Bopp, L.; Resplandy, L.; Orr, J. C.; Gehlen, M.; Seferian, R.] CNRS CEA UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, UMR8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dunne, J. P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Halloran, P.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Ilyina, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Seferian, R.] CNRM GAME URA1357, Ctr Natl Rech Meteofrance, Toulouse, France. [Heinze, C.; Tjiputra, J.] Uni Res AS, Uni Klima, Bergen, Norway. [Vichi, M.] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Heinze, C.; Tjiputra, J.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, C.; Tjiputra, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. RP Bopp, L (reprint author), CNRS CEA UVSQ, IPSL LSCE, UMR8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM laurent.bopp@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Vichi, Marcello/B-8719-2008; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Halloran, Paul/G-3965-2012; OI Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Vichi, Marcello/0000-0002-0686-9634; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Halloran, Paul/0000-0002-9227-0678; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080; Ilyina, Tatiana/0000-0002-3475-4842; Resplandy, Laure/0000-0002-1212-3943 FU EU [264879, 212085, 317699]; ANR project MACROES; Research Council of Norway [207711/E10]; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research; Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea; CNRS-INSU FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP. For CMIP the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provided coordinating support and led the development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The authors also thank the IPSL modeling group for the software infrastructure, which facilitated CMIP5 analysis. This work was supported by EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE (under grant agreement No. 264879), EU FP7 project MEECE (under grant agreement No. 212085), EU FP7 project SOCCLI (under grant agreement No. 317699), and ANR project MACROES. S. C. Doney acknowledges the US National Science Foundation (AGS-1048827). This is a contribution to the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR) and project BIOFEEDBACK of the Centre for Climate Dynamics (SKD) within BCCR. This work has been supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects. M. Vichi acknowledges the support of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research and the Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea through the project GEMINA.r The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 95 TC 202 Z9 202 U1 18 U2 183 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 10 BP 6225 EP 6245 DI 10.5194/bg-10-6225-2013 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 245NN UT WOS:000326470500006 ER PT J AU Peylin, P Law, RM Gurney, KR Chevallier, F Jacobson, AR Maki, T Niwa, Y Patra, PK Peters, W Rayner, PJ Rodenbeck, C van der Laan-Luijkx, IT Zhang, X AF Peylin, P. Law, R. M. Gurney, K. R. Chevallier, F. Jacobson, A. R. Maki, T. Niwa, Y. Patra, P. K. Peters, W. Rayner, P. J. Roedenbeck, C. van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. Zhang, X. TI Global atmospheric carbon budget: results from an ensemble of atmospheric CO2 inversions SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; TRANSPORT MODEL; SINKS; FLUXES; SENSITIVITY; OCEAN; LAND; CYCLE; EMISSIONS AB Atmospheric CO2 inversions estimate surface carbon fluxes from an optimal fit to atmospheric CO2 measurements, usually including prior constraints on the flux estimates. Eleven sets of carbon flux estimates are compared, generated by different inversions systems that vary in their inversions methods, choice of atmospheric data, transport model and prior information. The inversions were run for at least 5 yr in the period between 1990 and 2010. Mean fluxes for 2001-2004, seasonal cycles, interannual variability and trends are compared for the tropics and northern and southern extra-tropics, and separately for land and ocean. Some continental/basin-scale subdivisions are also considered where the atmospheric network is denser. Four-year mean fluxes are reasonably consistent across inversions at global/latitudinal scale, with a large total (land plus ocean) carbon uptake in the north (-3.4 Pg C yr(-1) (+/- 0.5 Pg C yr(-1) standard deviation), with slightly more uptake over land than over ocean), a significant although more variable source over the tropics (1.6 +/- 0.9 Pg C yr(-1)) and a compensatory sink of similar magnitude in the south (-1.4 +/- 0.5 Pg C yr(-1)) corresponding mainly to an ocean sink. Largest differences across inversions occur in the balance between tropical land sources and southern land sinks. Interannual variability (IAV) in carbon fluxes is larger for land than ocean regions (standard deviation around 1.06 versus 0.33 Pg C yr(-1) for the 1996-2007 period), with much higher consistency among the inversions for the land. While the tropical land explains most of the IAV (standard deviation similar to 0.65 Pg C yr(-1)), the northern and southern land also contribute (standard deviation similar to 0.39 Pg C yr(-1)). Most inversions tend to indicate an increase of the northern land carbon uptake from late 1990s to 2008 (around 0.1 Pg C yr(-1)), predominantly in North Asia. The mean seasonal cycle appears to be well constrained by the atmospheric data over the northern land (at the continental scale), but still highly dependent on the prior flux seasonality over the ocean. Finally we provide recommendations to interpret the regional fluxes, along with the uncertainty estimates. C1 [Peylin, P.; Chevallier, F.; Rayner, P. J.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Law, R. M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Gurney, K. R.; Zhang, X.] Arizona State Univ, Global Inst Sustainabil, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maki, T.; Niwa, Y.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Patra, P. K.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Peters, W.; van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Rayner, P. J.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. [Roedenbeck, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Peylin, P (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM peylin@lsce.ipsl.fr RI van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/G-9169-2011; Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Vuichard, Nicolas/A-6629-2011; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016 OI van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/0000-0002-3990-6737; Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813 FU NWO VIDI [864.08.012]; JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI-A [22241008]; European Union [283080]; DOE; European Commission under the EU [218793, 283576]; ARC [DP1096309]; CNRS-INSU FX We first thank all PIs of the atmospheric stations whose data are the principal component of the atmospheric inversions and those who maintain instruments and collect samples (including those whose data is included in ObsPack). We also thank those who put significant work into providing atmospheric data compilations (including Ken Masarie for compiling ObsPack and, previously, GLOBALVIEW-CO2) and hosting data sets (especially WDCGG). Wouter Peters was partly paid from NWO VIDI Grant 864.08.012. RIGC inversion work is partly supported by JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI-A (grant number 22241008). I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 283080, project GEOCARBON. Y. Niwa thanks Masaki Satoh, Hirofumi Tomita and other members at RIGC/JAMSTEC, AICS/RIKEN, and at AORI/The University of Tokyo for developing NICAM and thanks also Toshinobu Machida for providing Siberian aircraft data. CCAM inversion work was undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science, Research and Tertiary Education, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO and used the NCI National Facility in Canberra, Australia, which is supported by the Australian Commonwealth Government. For TrC inversion, K. R. Gurney and X. Zhang were supported by the DOE on subaward MPC 35WY; they also thank the contributors to the Transcom 3 Level 2 experiment. Frederic Chevallier's work has been supported by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (grant agreement 218793 and 283576, MACC and MACC-II). P. Rayner is in receipt of an ARC Professorial Fellowship (DP1096309). CarbonTracker 2009 results provided by NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA from the website at http://carbontracker.noaa.gov.; The publication of this article is financed by CNRS-INSU. NR 75 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 8 U2 65 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 10 BP 6699 EP 6720 DI 10.5194/bg-10-6699-2013 PG 22 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 245NN UT WOS:000326470500034 ER PT J AU McGregor, S Timmermann, A England, MH Timm, OE Wittenberg, AT AF McGregor, S. Timmermann, A. England, M. H. Timm, O. Elison Wittenberg, A. T. TI Inferred changes in El Nino-Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; STABLE-ISOTOPE RECORD; TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; PACIFIC SST VARIABILITY; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; DECADAL VARIABILITY; LAST MILLENNIUM; CORAL RECORD; PART I; OCEAN AB It is vital to understand how the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has responded to past changes in natural and anthropogenic forcings, in order to better understand and predict its response to future greenhouse warming. To date, however, the instrumental record is too brief to fully characterize natural ENSO variability, while large discrepancies exist amongst paleo-proxy reconstructions of ENSO. These paleo-proxy reconstructions have typically attempted to reconstruct ENSO's temporal evolution, rather than the variance of these temporal changes. Here a new approach is developed that synthesizes the variance changes from various proxy data sets to provide a unified and updated estimate of past ENSO variance. The method is tested using surrogate data from two coupled general circulation model (CGCM) simulations. It is shown that in the presence of dating uncertainties, synthesizing variance information provides a more robust estimate of ENSO variance than synthesizing the raw data and then identifying its running variance. We also examine whether good temporal correspondence between proxy data and instrumental ENSO records implies a good representation of ENSO variance. In the climate modeling framework we show that a significant improvement in reconstructing ENSO variance changes is found when combining information from diverse ENSO-teleconnected source regions, rather than by relying on a single well-correlated location. This suggests that ENSO variance estimates derived from a single site should be viewed with caution. Finally, synthesizing existing ENSO reconstructions to arrive at a better estimate of past ENSO variance changes, we find robust evidence that the ENSO variance for any 30 yr period during the interval 1590-1880 was considerably lower than that observed during 1979-2009. C1 [McGregor, S.; England, M. H.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [McGregor, S.; England, M. H.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Timmermann, A.; Timm, O. Elison] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Timm, O. Elison] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Wittenberg, A. T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP McGregor, S (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM shayne.mcgregor@unsw.edu.au RI Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; England, Matthew/A-7539-2011 OI Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930 FU Australian Research Council [DE130100663, FL100100214]; US NSF [1049219]; Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) FX S. McGregor and M. H. England were supported by the Australian Research Council grants DE130100663 and FL100100214. A. Timmermann was supported by US NSF grant 1049219 and through the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) through its sponsorship of the International Pacific Research Center (IPRC). NR 56 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 EI 1814-9332 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 5 BP 2269 EP 2284 DI 10.5194/cp-9-2269-2013 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 247EH UT WOS:000326597800014 ER PT J AU Xu, J Powell, AM Zhao, L AF Xu, J. Powell, A. M., Jr. Zhao, L. TI Intercomparison of temperature trends in IPCC CMIP5 simulations with observations, reanalyses and CMIP3 models SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDE; UNCERTAINTY; SATELLITE AB On the basis of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and the climate model simulations covering 1979 through 2005, the temperature trends and their uncertainties have been examined to note the similarities or differences compared to the radiosonde observations, reanalyses and the third Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) simulations. The results show noticeable discrepancies for the estimated temperature trends in the four data groups (radiosonde, reanalysis, CMIP3 and CMIP5), although similarities can be observed. Compared to the CMIP3 model simulations, the simulations in some of the CMIP5 models were improved. The CMIP5 models displayed a negative temperature trend in the stratosphere closer to the strong negative trend seen in the observations. However, the positive tropospheric trend in the tropics is overestimated by the CMIP5 models relative to CMIP3 models. While some of the models produce temperature trend patterns more highly correlated with the observed patterns in CMIP5, the other models (such as CCSM4 and IPSL_CM5A-LR) exhibit the reverse tendency. The CMIP5 temperature trend uncertainty was significantly reduced in most areas, especially in the Arctic and Antarctic stratosphere, compared to the CMIP3 simulations. Similar to the CMIP3, the CMIP5 simulations overestimated the tropospheric warming in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere and underestimated the stratospheric cooling. The crossover point where tropospheric warming changes into stratospheric cooling occurred near 100 hPa in the tropics, which is higher than in the radiosonde and reanalysis data. The result is likely related to the overestimation of convective activity over the tropical areas in both the CMIP3 and CMIP5 models. Generally, for the temperature trend estimates associated with the numerical models including the reanalyses and global climate models, the uncertainty in the stratosphere is much larger than that in the troposphere, and the uncertainty in the Antarctic is the largest. In addition, note that the reanalyses show the largest uncertainty in the lower tropical stratosphere, and the CMIP3 simulations show the largest uncertainty in both the south and north polar regions. C1 [Xu, J.; Zhao, L.] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Powell, A. M., Jr.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Zhao, L.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Xu, J (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Environm Sci & Technol Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jxu14@gmu.edu; al.powell@noaa.gov RI Powell, Alfred/G-4059-2010; Xu, Jianjun/E-7941-2011 OI Powell, Alfred/0000-0002-9289-8369; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this publication are those of the authors and should not be considered an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1705 EP 1714 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-1705-2013 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 247FK UT WOS:000326601300020 ER PT J AU Chai, T Kim, HC Lee, P Tong, D Pan, L Tang, Y Huang, J McQueen, J Tsidulko, M Stajner, I AF Chai, T. Kim, H. -C. Lee, P. Tong, D. Pan, L. Tang, Y. Huang, J. McQueen, J. Tsidulko, M. Stajner, I. TI Evaluation of the United States National Air Quality Forecast Capability experimental real-time predictions in 2010 using Air Quality System ozone and NO2 measurements SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NITROGEN-OXIDES; EMISSIONS; URBAN; MECHANISM; WILDFIRES; AEROSOL; IMPACT; INDEX AB The National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) project provides the US with operational and experimental real-time ozone predictions using two different versions of the three-dimensional Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. Routine evaluation using near-real-time AIRNow ozone measurements through 2011 showed better performance of the operational ozone predictions. In this work, quality-controlled and -assured Air Quality System (AQS) ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) observations are used to evaluate the experimental predictions in 2010. It is found that both ozone and NO2 are overestimated over the contiguous US (CONUS), with annual biases of +5.6 and +5.1 ppbv, respectively. The annual root mean square errors (RMSEs) are 15.4 ppbv for ozone and 13.4 ppbv for NO2. For both species the overpredictions are most pronounced in the summer. The locations of the AQS monitoring sites are also utilized to stratify comparisons by the degree of urbanization. Comparisons for six predefined US regions show the highest annual biases for ozone predictions in Southeast (+10.5 ppbv) and for NO2 in the Lower Middle (+8.1 ppbv) and Pacific Coast (+7.1 ppbv) regions. The spatial distributions of the NO2 biases in August show distinctively high values in the Los Angeles, Houston, and New Orleans areas. In addition to the standard statistics metrics, daily maximum eight-hour ozone categorical statistics are calculated using the current US ambient air quality standard (75 ppbv) and another lower threshold (70 ppbv). Using the 75 ppbv standard, the hit rate and proportion of correct over CONUS for the entire year are 0.64 and 0.96, respectively. Summertime biases show distinctive weekly patterns for ozone and NO2. Diurnal comparisons show that ozone overestimation is most severe in the morning, from 07:00 to 10:00 local time. For NO2, the morning predictions agree with the AQS observations reasonably well, but nighttime concentrations are overpredicted by around 100%. C1 [Chai, T.; Kim, H. -C.; Lee, P.; Tong, D.; Pan, L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chai, T.; Kim, H. -C.; Tong, D.; Pan, L.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tong, D.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tang, Y.; Huang, J.; McQueen, J.; Tsidulko, M.] NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, NWS, NCEP,EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tang, Y.; Huang, J.; Tsidulko, M.] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Stajner, I.] NOAA, NWS, OST, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Chai, T (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tianfeng.chai@noaa.gov RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010; Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Stajner, Ivanka/B-5228-2009; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Pan, Li/G-1327-2012; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641; Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Stajner, Ivanka/0000-0001-6103-3939; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; FU NAQFC FX The authors like to acknowledge NAQFC for its support and gratefully thank former members of the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory air quality modeling group, Hsin-Mu Lin, Fantine Ngan, Yunsoo Choi, and Yunhee Kim, for their contributions to the NAQFC project. Thanks also go to Rohit Mathur, Jonathan Pleim, and George Pouliot from the US EPA and Jerry Gorline from the NOAA/NWS Meteorological Development Laboratory for their help in model development and evaluation. NR 44 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1831 EP 1850 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-1831-2013 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 247FK UT WOS:000326601300026 ER PT J AU Ma, Z McDowell, D Panaitescu, E Davydov, AV Upmanyu, M Menon, L AF Ma, Zheng McDowell, Dillon Panaitescu, Eugen Davydov, Albert V. Upmanyu, Moneesh Menon, Latika TI Vapor-liquid-solid growth of serrated GaN nanowires: shape selection driven by kinetic frustration SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GALLIUM NITRIDE NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; SURFACE; DEPOSITION; MECHANISM; NANOSTRUCTURES; ORIENTATIONS; TEMPERATURE; NUCLEATION; ARRAYS AB Compound semiconducting nanowires are promising building blocks for several nanoelectronic devices yet the inability to reliably control their growth morphology is a major challenge. Here, we report the Au-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of GaN nanowires with controlled growth direction, surface polarity and surface roughness. We develop a theoretical model that relates the growth form to the kinetic frustration induced by variations in the V(N)/III(Ga) ratio across the growing nanowire front. The model predictions are validated by the trends in the as-grown morphologies induced by systematic variations in the catalyst particle size and processing conditions. The principles of shape selection highlighted by our study pave the way for morphological control of technologically relevant compound semiconductor nanowires. C1 [Ma, Zheng; McDowell, Dillon; Panaitescu, Eugen; Menon, Latika] Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Upmanyu, Moneesh] Northeastern Univ, Grp Simulat & Theory Atom Scale Mat Phenomen, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Upmanyu, Moneesh] Northeastern Univ, Dept Bioengn, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ma, Z (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM m.upmanyu@neu.edu; l.menon@neu.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Panaitescu, Eugen/A-9237-2011 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; FU National Science Foundation (NSF)-ECCS Program [0925285]; NSF-DMR CMMT Program [1106214] FX The experimental component of this work was performed under the auspices of the National Science Foundation (NSF)-ECCS Program #0925285 (ZM, EP and LM). MU acknowledges support from NSF-DMR CMMT Program #1106214. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 55 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2013 VL 1 IS 44 BP 7294 EP 7302 DI 10.1039/c3tc31776e PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 242MH UT WOS:000326245600002 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Martin, CW Valentine, JF AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Martin, Charles W. Valentine, John F. TI Effects of reduced hydrological connectivity on the nursery use of shallow estuarine habitats within a river delta SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Habitat comparison; Tidal freshwater wetlands; Oligohaline marsh; Vallisneria americana; Mobile-Tensaw River delta; Gulf of Mexico ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; FISH ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; MARSH-EDGE FISHES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT-MARSH; NEKTON USE; LOUISIANA ESTUARY; TIDAL RESTORATION; COASTAL LOUISIANA; MISSISSIPPI RIVER AB We examined the effects of a hydrologically restrictive transportation corridor on the nursery use of various habitats in the Mobile-Tensaw River delta (MTD). We compared nekton assemblage structure in fall 2009 and spring 2010 among 3 locations and 3 major habitat types (marsh, submerged aquatic vegetation [SAV] dominated by Vallisneria americana, and shallow non-vegetated bottom [SNB]) commonly found throughout the MTD using 1 m(2) drop samplers. Sample locations (Tensaw River [TR], Chocolatta Bay [CB], and Below Causeway [BC]) were selected based on their degree of tidal connectivity with the wider estuary (BC > TR > CB). Nekton assemblages varied among locations and habitat types. Recruitment by the young of transient fishery species appeared to drive the nekton assemblage structure at the least hydrologically restricted locations (BC and TR) in the delta, whereas estuarine-resident species dominated the nekton assemblage at CB. Species richness was greater at BC than at CB. Within locations, mean densities of abundant species were concentrated in SAV and marsh. Delta locations directly connected to Mobile Bay, therefore, likely provide an important nursery for fishery species such as white shrimp, blue crab, gulf menhaden, and southern flounder. Additional studies will be needed, however, to determine whether these fishery species represent strong conduits for cross ecosystem transfer of energy and nutrients between the delta and northern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Martin, Charles W.; Valentine, John F.] Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Martin, Charles W.; Valentine, John F.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Martin, Charles W.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov OI Martin, Charles/0000-0001-9240-3824 FU Northern Gulf Institute; SEFSC FX This research was conducted through the NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center (SEFSC) by personnel from the Fishery Ecology Branch (FEB) located at the Galveston Laboratory and the Estuarine Habitats and Coastal Fisheries Center in Lafayette, Louisiana. The following FEB personnel were essential in completing this project: M. Adkins, J. Atchison, R. Baker, J. Ditty, J. Doerr, M. Dueker, L. Flynn, S. Hillen, A. Humphries, M. Kimball, M. Mace III, C. Ordeneaux, J. Salas, H. Seiler, Z. Smith, L. Steele, and E. Wilson. K. R. Clarke (Primer-E Ltd), D. M. Baltz, J. Geaghan, and E. Swenson provided advice on statistical analyses. T. J. Minello and 4 anonymous reviewers provided helpful comments that improved the original manuscript. We acknowledge the Northern Gulf Institute and the SEFSC for funding this research project. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA Fisheries Service. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 35 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 492 BP 9 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10486 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 245DL UT WOS:000326439800002 ER PT J AU Ferraris, C Garboczi, E AF Ferraris, Chiara Garboczi, Edward TI Identifying Improved Standardized Tests for Measuring Cement Particle Size and Surface Area SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The Blaine fineness (Blaine) of a cement powder is a single parameter that is meant to characterize the specific surface area of a cement; Blaine is assumed to be linked to physical and mechanical properties of the hydrated cement such as strength, setting time, and rheology. However, a single parameter cannot characterize the particle-size distribution of a cement powder, on which the hydration kinetics and solid properties depend. As the cement industry continues to develop more sophisticated blended cements, it will be even more clearly seen that a single parameter fails to capture the true complexity of a cement. In addition to measuring the Blaine, cement producers use the laser diffraction measurement of the entire particle-size distribution for quality control of their cements. Despite the wide use of this measurement by the cement industry, laser diffraction is not a standardized test. This project's goal was to examine various tests, such as laser diffraction and Blaine, that measure the particle-size distribution and total surface area of cement powder and then to determine the most appropriate test on the basis of correlation with the macroproperties of the cement paste or mortar. The shape of the cement particles for a partial particle size range was determined with X-ray computed microtomography (X-ray CT); the relationship between X-ray CT, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area method, laser diffraction, and Blaine measurements was explored. The more fundamental and sophisticated experiments, nitrogen BET and X-ray CT, were used as ground truth to critically evaluate the laser particle-size distribution and Blaine fineness measurements. The standardization of the laser diffraction test method is proposed. C1 [Ferraris, Chiara; Garboczi, Edward] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ferraris, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Clarissa@nist.gov FU National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP Project) [20-7] FX The authors thank Haleh Azad for her help in obtaining financial support from the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP Project 20-7, Task 301: Measuring Cement Particle Size and Surface Area by Laser Diffraction). The data could not have been collected without the help of M. Pelts of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Dale Bentz and Kenneth Snyder are thanked for their valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2013 IS 2342 BP 10 EP 16 DI 10.3141/2342-02 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 243GS UT WOS:000326305500003 ER PT J AU Spragg, R Villani, C Snyder, K Bentz, D Bullard, JW Weiss, J AF Spragg, Robert Villani, Chiara Snyder, Ken Bentz, Dale Bullard, Jeffrey W. Weiss, Jason TI Factors That Influence Electrical Resistivity Measurements in Cementitious Systems SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY; CONDUCTIVITY; PERMEABILITY; CONCRETE; COMPOSITES; MORTARS AB The electrical resistivity of cement-based materials can be used in quality control or service life prediction as an indicator of the fluid transport properties of these materials. Although electrical tests have the advantage of being easy and rapid to perform, several key factors can influence the results: (a) specimen geometry, (b) specimen temperature, and (c) sample storage and conditioning. This paper addresses these issues and compares the measurements from several commercially available testing devices. First, the role of sample geometry is explained with the use of three common geometries: surface, uniaxial, and embedded electrodes. If the geometry is properly accounted for, measurements from different test geometries result in electrical resistivity values that are similar. Second, the role of sample temperature is discussed for both pore solution and uniaxial tests on cylinders. Third, the paper examines the importance of sample curing, storage, and conditioning. Sample storage and conditioning influence both the degree of hydration and the degree of saturation. The role of sample volume to solution volume is discussed, as this ratio may influence alkali leaching and pore solution conduction. This paper is intended to identify factors that influence the results of rapid electrical test measurements and to help identify areas of future research that are needed so that robust specifications and standard test methods can be developed. Standardization will enable electrical tests to provide rapid, accurate, repeatable measurements of concrete's electrical properties. C1 [Spragg, Robert; Villani, Chiara; Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Snyder, Ken; Bentz, Dale; Bullard, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spragg, R (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM rspragg@purdue.edu OI Villani, Chiara/0000-0002-2232-6197; Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 FU Joint Transportation Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the Joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University. The authors thank Giatec Scientific for supplying a unit for testing. NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2013 IS 2342 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.3141/2342-11 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 243GS UT WOS:000326305500012 ER PT J AU Andrews, AH Leaf, RT Rogers-Bennett, L Neuman, M Hawk, H Cailliet, GM AF Andrews, Allen H. Leaf, Robert T. Rogers-Bennett, Laura Neuman, Melissa Hawk, Heather Cailliet, Gregor M. TI Bomb radiocarbon dating of the endangered white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni): investigations of age, growth and lifespan SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE age validation; carbon-14; Haliotidae; longevity; Mollusca; Southern California Bight ID ROCKFISH SEBASTES-PINNIGER; ANNUAL CORAL RINGS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; RED ABALONE; VALIDATION; C-14; PACIFIC; RUFESCENS; OTOLITHS AB Understanding basic life-history characteristics of white abalone (Haliotis sorenseni), such as estimated lifespan, is critical to making informed decisions regarding the recovery of this endangered species. All predictive modelling tools used to forecast the status and health of populations following restoration activities depend on a validated estimate of adult lifespan. Of the seven Haliotis species in California, white abalone is considered to have the highest extinction risk and was the first marine invertebrate listed as an endangered species under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). Lifespan was previously estimated from observations of early growth; however, no study has generated ages for the largest white abalone. To address questions of age and growth, bomb radiocarbon (C-14) dating was used on shells from large white abalone. Measured bomb C-14 levels were compared to regional C-14 reference records to provide estimates of age, growth and lifespan. Bomb radiocarbon dating indicated that growth was variable among individuals, with a maximum estimated age of 27 years. The findings presented here provide support for previous age and growth estimates and an estimated lifespan near 30 years. These age data support the perception of a critical need for restoring the remnant aging and potentially senescent population. C1 [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Leaf, Robert T.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Rogers-Bennett, Laura] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Neuman, Melissa] NOAA Fisheries, Off Protected Resources, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Hawk, Heather] Univ Laval, Dept Biol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 0A6, Canada. [Cailliet, Gregor M.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Andrews, AH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM allen.andrews@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife; NOAA [NA04OAR4170038, OCA09010]; California Sea Grant, through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program [R/F-202, R/FISH-214PD]; California Natural Resources Agency FX Dan Geiger and Paul Valentich-Scott (Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History) and Tom McCormick (Proteus SeaFarms) provided important shells. Radiocarbon measurements were made at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Thanks go to Dan Richards and David Kushner (National Parks Service, Channel Islands National Park), Ian Tanaguchi (California Department of Fish and Wildlife), Lindsey Groves (Los Angeles County Museum), Terry Gosliner and Robert Van Syoc (California Academy of Sciences), and others involved in locating shells with known collection dates. We thank the California Department of Fish and Wildlife for supporting Laura Rogers-Bennett. This is a publication of the Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis. Moss Landing Marine Laboratories provided part of the laboratory support. We thank Robert Humphreys, Edward DeMartini (NOAA Fisheries), and anonymous reviewers for editorial comments. This publication was prepared under NOAA Grant Numbers NA04OAR4170038 and OCA09010, California Sea Grant Project Numbers R/F-202 and R/FISH-214PD, through NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, USA Department of Commerce, and was supported in part by the California Natural Resources Agency. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 30 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2013 VL 64 IS 11 BP 1029 EP 1039 DI 10.1071/MF13007 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 241KS UT WOS:000326166400004 ER PT J AU Potvin, CK Wicker, LJ AF Potvin, Corey K. Wicker, Louis J. TI Correcting Fast-Mode Pressure Errors in Storm-Scale Ensemble Kalman Filter Analyses SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR DATA; VARIABLE ADVECTION CORRECTION; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; DATA ASSIMILATION; DUAL-DOPPLER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; THERMODYNAMIC VARIABLES; 2007 GREENSBURG; MOBILE RADARS AB A typical storm-scale ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analysis/forecast system is shown to introduce imbalances into the ensemble posteriors that generate acoustic waves in subsequent integrations. When the EnKF is used to research storm-scale dynamics, the resulting spurious pressure oscillations are large enough to impact investigation of processes driven by nonhydrostatic pressure gradient forces. Fortunately, thermodynamic retrieval techniques traditionally applied to dual-Doppler wind analyses can be adapted to diagnose the balanced portion of an EnKF pressure analysis, thereby eliminating the fast-mode pressure oscillations. The efficacy of this approach is demonstrated using a high-resolution supercell thunderstorm simulation as well as EnKF analyses of a simulated and a real supercell. C1 [Potvin, Corey K.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Potvin, Corey K.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Potvin, CK (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM corey.potvin@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative [NA11OAR4320072]; US Department of Commerce; NSF [ATM-0619715, ATM-0802717] FX Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement no. NA11OAR4320072, US Department of Commerce. This work benefitted from discussions with Patrick Skinner and Alan Shapiro. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that substantially improved the paper and Michael French for his useful comments on an earlier version of the paper. The SMART radar data were collected and provided by Michael Biggerstaff and edited by Kristin Kuhlman and Daniel Betten under NSF Grants ATM-0619715 and ATM-0802717. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 624931 DI 10.1155/2013/624931 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 237UL UT WOS:000325896300001 ER PT J AU Inoue, M Morino, I Uchino, O Miyamoto, Y Yoshida, Y Yokota, T Machida, T Sawa, Y Matsueda, H Sweeney, C Tans, PP Andrews, AE Biraud, SC Tanaka, T Kawakami, S Patra, PK AF Inoue, M. Morino, I. Uchino, O. Miyamoto, Y. Yoshida, Y. Yokota, T. Machida, T. Sawa, Y. Matsueda, H. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. P. Andrews, A. E. Biraud, S. C. Tanaka, T. Kawakami, S. Patra, P. K. TI Validation of XCO2 derived from SWIR spectra of GOSAT TANSO-FTS with aircraft measurement data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; GREENHOUSE GASES; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; COMMERCIAL AIRLINES; WESTERN PACIFIC; MOLE FRACTIONS; OBSERVED CO2; TCCON SITES AB Column-averaged dry air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) retrieved from Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) Short-Wavelength InfraRed (SWIR) observations were validated with aircraft measurements by the Comprehensive Observation Network for TRace gases by AIrLiner (CONTRAIL) project, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. To calculate XCO2 based on aircraft measurements (aircraft-based XCO2), tower measurements and model outputs were used for additional information near the surface and above the tropopause, respectively. Before validation, we investigated the impacts of GOSAT SWIR column averaging kernels (CAKs) and the shape of a priori profiles on the aircraft-based XCO2 calculation. The differences between aircraft-based XCO2 with and without the application of GOSAT CAK were evaluated to be less than +/-0.4 ppm at most, and less than +/-0.1 ppm on average. Therefore, we concluded that the GOSAT CAK produces only a minor effect on the aircraft-based XCO2 calculation in terms of the overall uncertainty of GOSAT XCO2. We compared GOSAT data retrieved within +/-2 or +/-5 degrees latitude/longitude boxes centered at each aircraft measurement site to aircraft-based data measured on a GOSAT overpass day. The results indicated that GOSAT XCO2 over land regions agreed with aircraft-based XCO2, except that the former is biased by -0.68 ppm (-0.99 ppm) with a standard deviation of 2.56 ppm (2.51 ppm), whereas the averages of the differences between the GOSAT XCO2 over ocean and the aircraft-based XCO2 were -1.82 ppm (-2.27 ppm) with a standard deviation of 1.04 ppm (1.79 ppm) for +/-2 degrees (+/-5 degrees) boxes. C1 [Inoue, M.; Morino, I.; Uchino, O.; Yoshida, Y.; Yokota, T.; Machida, T.; Tanaka, T.] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Miyamoto, Y.] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Sawa, Y.; Matsueda, H.] Mission Res Inc, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.; Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Biraud, S. C.] LBNL, Berkeley, CA USA. [Kawakami, S.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Patra, P. K.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Inoue, M (reprint author), NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM inoue.makoto@nies.go.jp RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Inoue, Makoto/M-8505-2014 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Inoue, Makoto/0000-0002-6826-5334 FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation (NSF); Ministry of the Environment, Japan [2A-1102] FX The authors thank the many staff members of Japan Airlines, the JAL Foundation, and JAMCO Tokyo for supporting the CONTRAIL project. We are grateful to the NOAA ESRL/GMD tall tower network (K. Davis, A. Desai, R. Teclaw, D. Baumann, and C. Stanier) for providing LEF and WBI CO2 tower data. DOE flights were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program. We also thank the HIPPO team members for CO2 profile data by HIPPO missions and Steven C. Wofsy at Harvard University for his useful suggestions. The HIPPO program is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and its operations are managed by the Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). TCCON a priori profiles were obtained from the TCCON data archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology (http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/). US support for TCCON retrieval software and the development of these data comes from NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Program and NASA's OCO-2 project. This research was supported in part by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2A-1102) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 19 BP 9771 EP 9788 DI 10.5194/acp-13-9771-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 234OY UT WOS:000325654900006 ER PT J AU Gao, WY Cai, R Meng, L Wojtas, L Zhou, W Yildirim, T Shi, XD Ma, SQ AF Gao, Wen-Yang Cai, Rong Meng, Le Wojtas, Lukasz Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner Shi, Xiaodong Ma, Shengqian TI Quest for a highly connected robust porous metal-organic framework on the basis of a bifunctional linear linker and a rare heptanuclear zinc cluster SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SELECTIVE CO2 UPTAKE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; HYDROGEN STORAGE; METHANE STORAGE; ADSORPTION; CAPACITY; CAPTURE; DESIGN; LIGAND AB A strategy for building highly connected robust MOFs from linear ligands is exemplified by the construction of MTAF-4, a rare (6,9)-connected MOF, based on the custom-designed bifunctional linear ligand, 4-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-benzoate, that connects two types of highly connected zinc cluster moieties generated in situ. MTAF-4 is robust and permanently microporous and is capable of adsorbing CO2, H-2 and CH4 under high pressures. C1 [Gao, Wen-Yang; Meng, Le; Wojtas, Lukasz; Ma, Shengqian] Univ S Florida, Dept Chem, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Cai, Rong; Shi, Xiaodong] W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Shi, XD (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM xiaodong.shi@mail.wvu.edu; sqma@usf.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Ma, Shengqian/B-4022-2012; Shi, Xiaodong/B-4424-2012; Gao, Wen-Yang/K-4109-2014; Cai, Rong/C-7296-2016 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Ma, Shengqian/0000-0002-1897-7069; Shi, Xiaodong/0000-0002-3189-1315; Gao, Wen-Yang/0000-0002-9879-1634; Cai, Rong/0000-0001-7935-2532 FU University of South Florida; NSF [CHE-0844602]; U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX The authors acknowledge the University of South Florida for financial support of this work. X. S. thanks the NSF for financial support (Grant CHE-0844602). T.Y. acknowledges partial support from the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 89 BP 10516 EP 10518 DI 10.1039/c3cc45986a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 236SQ UT WOS:000325819900023 PM 24088742 ER PT S AU Cramer, CE Fraser, GT Lykke, KR Smith, AW Woodward, JT AF Cramer, Claire E. Fraser, Gerald T. Lykke, Keith R. Smith, Allan W. Woodward, John T. BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI A novel apparatus to measure reflected sunlight from the Moon SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXI CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE lunar calibration; lunar radiation; lunar reflectance; Moon; Robotic Lunar Observatory; ROLO; satellite sensor calibration AB We describe a new apparatus for measuring the spectral irradiance of the Moon at visible wavelengths. Our effort builds upon the United States Geological Survey's highly successful Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO), which determined a precise model for the time-dependent irradiance of the Moon from six years of observations obtained with an imaging telescope equipped with a set of narrow-band filters. The ROLO Irradiance Model allows the Moon to be used as a radiometric reference for tracking changes in the absolute responsivity of near-infrared to visible satellite sensors as a function of time to better than 1 %. The goal of the present effort is to improve the absolute radiometric accuracy of the ROLO model, presently estimated at 5 % - 10 %, to better than 1 %. Our approach, which uses an integrating sphere at the focal plane of a telescope to direct light from the integrated lunar disk into a stable spectrograph, also eliminates the need to interpolate between the 32 visible and near-infrared bands measured by ROLO. The new measurements will allow weather, climate, land-surface, and defense satellites to use the Moon as an absolute calibration reference, potentially reducing the impact of disruptions in continuous long-term climate data records caused by gaps in satellite-sensor coverage. C1 [Cramer, Claire E.; Fraser, Gerald T.; Lykke, Keith R.; Smith, Allan W.; Woodward, John T.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cramer, CE (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9717-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8867 AR UNSP 88670W DI 10.1117/12.2027204 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHN52 UT WOS:000325975900025 ER PT J AU Fairweather, JD Spernjak, D Weber, AZ Harvey, D Wessel, S Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Artyushkova, K Mukundan, R Borup, RL AF Fairweather, Joseph D. Spernjak, Dusan Weber, Adam Z. Harvey, David Wessel, Silvia Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Artyushkova, Kateryna Mukundan, Rangachary Borup, Rodney L. TI Effects of Cathode Corrosion on Through-Plane Water Transport in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS-DIFFUSION LAYERS; RESOLUTION NEUTRON-RADIOGRAPHY; NAFION THIN-FILMS; CARBON CORROSION; MICROPOROUS LAYER; CATALYST LAYERS; PEMFC; WETTABILITY; DEGRADATION; DURABILITY AB The corrosion of carbon in the cathodes of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells leads to electrode collapse, reduced active catalyst area, and increased surface hydrophilicity. While these effects have been linked to performance degradation over cell lifetime, the role of corrosion in the evolving water balance has not been clear. In this study, neutron imaging was used to evaluate the through-plane water distribution within several cells over the course of accelerated stress testing using potential holds and square-wave cycling. A dramatic decrease in water retention was observed in each cell after the cathode was severely corroded. The increasing hydrophilic effect of carbon surface oxidation (quantified by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) was overwhelmed by the drying effect of increased internal heat generation. To evaluate this mechanism, the various observed electrode changes are included in a multiphase, non-isothermal one-dimensional cell model, and the simulated alterations to cell performance and water content are compared with those observed experimentally. Simulation results are consistent with the idea that collapse and compaction of the catalyst layer is the dominant limitation to cell performance and not the lower amounts of active Pt surface area, and that higher temperature gradients result in drying out of the cell. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Fairweather, Joseph D.; Spernjak, Dusan; Mukundan, Rangachary; Borup, Rodney L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Weber, Adam Z.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Harvey, David; Wessel, Silvia] Ballard Power Syst, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8, Canada. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Artyushkova, Kateryna] Univ New Mexico CEET, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Fairweather, JD (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jofair@lanl.gov RI Artyushkova, Kateryna/B-4709-2008; OI Artyushkova, Kateryna/0000-0002-2611-0422; Weber, Adam/0000-0002-7749-1624; Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Office; fuel cell team lead Dimitrios Papageorgeiopolis; U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Director's Office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660]; [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the U.S. Department of Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Office, the fuel cell team lead Dimitrios Papageorgeiopolis, and Technology Development Managers Nancy Garland and Donna Ho, including support provided under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBNL). We also acknowledge support provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Director's Office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement DE-AI01-01EE50660. We also thank Dr. John Davey for assistance with the cell design and builds at LANL, and Eli Baltic for assistance in conducting the experiments at NIST. NR 65 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2013 VL 160 IS 9 BP F980 EP F993 DI 10.1149/2.024309jes PG 14 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 220PY UT WOS:000324600600088 ER PT J AU Lafouresse, MC Bertocci, U Stafford, GR AF Lafouresse, M. C. Bertocci, U. Stafford, G. R. TI Dynamic Stress Analysis Applied to (111)-Textured Pt in HClO4 Electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU STRESS; SURFACE-STRESS; UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; NANOGRAVIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; CHARGE RESPONSE; GOLD ELECTRODE; COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; PIEZOELECTRIC RESPONSE; PLATINUM-ELECTRODES; SOLID ELECTRODES AB Dynamic stress analysis (DSA) was performed on Pt cantilever electrodes immersed in 0.1 mol/L HClO4 electrolyte. DSA combines elements of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cantilever curvature. In this paper DSA is used to determine the relationship between surface stress f and charge density q for (111)-textured Pt as a function of steady state potential. The parameter of merit is the stress-charge coefficient, xi, a complex number, which is obtained from the product of the electrochemical impedance Z(e) and the stress admittance Y-s. The magnitude and sign of xi(r), the real component of xi, quantifies how the surface responds to changes in charge density. Three regions of stress-charge behavior have been identified at potentials bound by hydrogen adsorption and platinum oxide formation. In the hydrogen adsorption region, stress and charge are in phase, resulting in a positive value of xi(r). In the double layer region the surface stress and the charge density are 180 degrees out of phase, yielding a negative value of xi(r). The actual potential at which this phase angle transition occurs may vary by as much as 0.3 V, depending on electrode history. At more positive potential xi(r) remains negative in the early oxide region, where the reversible adsorption of 0 occurs. Only at more positive potential, where place exchange between Pt and 0 occurs and the surface layer of PtO becomes fully formed, does xi(r) transition back to a positive value. The experimental methods described in this work provide a means to probe the dynamic behavior of surface stress. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Lafouresse, M. C.; Bertocci, U.; Stafford, G. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lafouresse, MC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gery.stafford@nist.gov NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2013 VL 160 IS 9 BP H636 EP H643 DI 10.1149/2.003310jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 220PY UT WOS:000324600600120 ER PT S AU An, S Stambaugh, C Kwon, S Lee, K Kim, B Kim, Q Jhe, W AF An, Sangmin Stambaugh, Corey Kwon, Soyoung Lee, Kunyoung Kim, Bongsu Kim, Qwhan Jhe, Wonho BE Campo, EM Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Optical Microscope combined with the Nanopipette-based Quartz Tuning Fork - Atomic Force Microscope for Nanolithography SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices X CY AUG 27-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Nanopipette/QTF; AFM; Nanopatterning; liquid delivery; Nanowire; PDMS AB We demonstrated the optical microscope (OM) combined with nanopipette-based quartz tuning fork - atomic force microscope (QTF-AFM) for nanolithography. The nanoparticle (Au, 5 nm), nanowire, PDMS solutions are ejected onto the substrate through the nano/microaperture of the pulled pipette, and the nano/microscale objects were in-situ formed on the surface with the proposed patterning system, while the position is defined by monitoring the phenomena on the substrate with a home-made OM. After forming of capillary condensation between apex of the pipette tip and the surface, the electric field is applied to extract out the inside liquid to the substrate and the nano/microscale objects are fabricated. The nanoscale patterning size can be controlled by the aperture diameters of the pulled pipette. C1 [An, Sangmin; Kwon, Soyoung; Lee, Kunyoung; Kim, Bongsu; Kim, Qwhan; Jhe, Wonho] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Stambaugh, Corey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP An, S (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM whjhe@snu.ac.kr OI Stambaugh, Corey/0000-0001-9178-0572 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Korea government (MEST) [2012-047677]; Brain Korea 21 FX This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) (2012-047677) and the Brain Korea 21. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9666-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8816 AR UNSP 881608 DI 10.1117/12.2036779 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHN42 UT WOS:000325972900004 ER PT S AU Novotny, C Sharifi, F AF Novotny, Clint Sharifi, Fred BE Campo, EM Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Fabrication and characterization of nanostructured III-V thermoelectric materials SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices X CY AUG 27-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Thermoelectrics; nanofabrication; focused ion beam; nanostructures; semiconductor ID SILICON NANOWIRES; PERFORMANCE; FIGURE; MERIT AB Approximately two thirds of all fossil fuel used is lost as heat. Thermoelectric materials, which convert heat into electrical energy, may provide a solution to partially recover some of this lost energy. To date, most commercial thermoelectric materials are too inefficient to be a viable option for most waste heat applications. This research proposes to investigate the fabrication and characterization of nanostructured III-V semiconductor thermoelectric materials with the goal of increasing the performance of existing technology. In order to improve thermoelectric material efficiency, either the lattice thermal conductivity must be lowered or the thermoelectric power factor must be increased. This research will focus on the latter by modifying the density of states of the semiconductor material and studying the effect of quantum confinement on the material's thermoelectric properties. Using focused ion beam milling, nanostructured cantilevers are fabricated from single crystal wafers. An all-around gate dielectric and electrode are deposited to create a depletion region along the outer core of the cantilever, thus creating an inner conductive core. The Seebeck coefficient can then be measured as a function of confinement by varying the gate voltage. This technique can be applied to various material systems to investigate the effects of confinement on their thermoelectric properties. C1 [Novotny, Clint; Sharifi, Fred] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Novotny, C (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM clint.novotny@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9666-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8816 AR UNSP 88160Q DI 10.1117/12.2032673 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BHN42 UT WOS:000325972900012 ER PT J AU Taylor, J AF Taylor, Jacob BE Lidar, DA Brun, TA TI Architectures SO QUANTUM ERROR CORRECTION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, J (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr MS 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89787-7 PY 2013 BP 537 EP 552 D2 10.1017/CBO9781139034807 PG 16 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BHL04 UT WOS:000325758700024 ER PT S AU Gu, XH Pang, YY Lin, CC Liu, KP Nguyen, T Chin, JW AF Gu, Xiaohong Pang, Yongyan Lin, Chiao-Chi Liu, Kaipeng Tinh Nguyen Chin, Joannie W. BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH Lynn, KW TI Linking Accelerated Laboratory and Outdoor Exposure Results for PV Polymeric Materials - A Mechanistic Study of EVA SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems VI CY AUG 26-29, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE accelerated laboratory test; outdoor test; ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA); NIST SPHERE; ultraviolet (UV); temperature; relative humidity; degradation mechanism ID VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER; ENCAPSULANT; MODULES; PHOTODEGRADATION; DEGRADATION; DURABILITY; FILMS AB Linking accelerated laboratory tests to field performance for predicting the service life of polymeric materials is being investigated at NIST using a reliability-based methodology. Based on this methodology, a successful linkage between the laboratory and field exposure data for a model polymeric material has previously been made. Recently, for the first time, this methodology has been applied to the lifetime assessment of PV polymeric materials. In this paper, a mechanistic study of the degradation of three unstabilized model ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) systems -uncured EVA, cured EVA and laminated EVA - was carried out under accelerated laboratory exposure and outdoor exposure conditions. The NIST SPHERE (Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure) was used for the accelerated laboratory tests, and the outdoor exposure was conducted in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Simultaneous multiple stresses, including temperature, relative humidity and UV radiation, were applied individually or in combination during SPHERE exposure. The effects of the environmental factors on the main degradation mechanisms of different EVA systems were investigated. The results showed that the UV radiation was the most important factor in the degradation of EVA, and that there was synergism between UV radiation and relative humidity. A slower degradation rate was observed for the laminated system as a result of limited diffusion of O-2 and H2O into EVA. It was also found that the substantial chemical changes of the uncured EVA system did not result in yellowing, which was dramatically different from the peroxide cured EVA system. Additionally, the chemical degradation modes of the three EVA systems exposed outdoors appeared to be similar to those exposed to the SPHERE. The implication of this work on the current test standards was discussed. C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Pang, Yongyan; Lin, Chiao-Chi; Liu, Kaipeng; Tinh Nguyen; Chin, Joannie W.] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiaohong.gu@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9675-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8825 AR UNSP 88250L DI 10.1117/12.2024532 PG 15 WC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA BHN44 UT WOS:000325973200017 ER PT S AU Roytman, L Nizamuddin, M Akhand, K Kogan, F Goldberg, M AF Roytman, Leonid Nizamuddin, Mohammad Akhand, Kawsar Kogan, Felix Goldberg, Mitch BE Huang, B Plaza, AJ Chang, CI TI Early warning of Malaria at Bikaner, Rajasthan in India using AVHRR based Satellite data SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND PROCESSING IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications, and Processing IX CY AUG 26-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE AVHRR; VCI; TCI; Malaria; Principal component regression ID SPACE AB A better understanding of the relationship between satellites observed vegetation health, and malaria epidemics could help mitigate the worldwide increase in incidence of mosquito-transmitted diseases. This research investigates last 17-years association between vegetation health (condition) index and malaria transmission in Bikaner, Rajasthan in India an arid and hot summer area. The vegetation health (condition) index, derived from a combination of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and 10-mu m to 11-mu m thermal radiances, was designed for monitoring moisture and thermal impacts on vegetation health. We demonstrate that thermal condition is more sensitive to malaria transmission with different seasonal malaria activities. The weekly VH indices were correlated with the epidemiological data. A good correlation was found between malaria cases and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) one at least two months earlier than the malaria transmission season. Following the results of correlation analysis, Principal Component Regression (PCR) method was used to construct a model of less than 10% error to predict malaria as a function of the TCI. C1 [Roytman, Leonid; Nizamuddin, Mohammad; Akhand, Kawsar] CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, 138 St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10003 USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kogan, Felix; Goldberg, Mitch] NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Roytman, L (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Elect Engn, 138 St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9721-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8871 AR UNSP 88710F DI 10.1117/12.2022405 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHN48 UT WOS:000325974300012 ER PT B AU Small, C Elvidge, CD Baugh, K AF Small, Christopher Elvidge, Christopher D. Baugh, Kimberly GP IEEE TI Mapping Urban Structure and Spatial Connectivity with VIIRS and OLS Night Light Imagery SO 2013 JOINT URBAN REMOTE SENSING EVENT (JURSE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE) CY APR 21-23, 2013 CL Sao Paulo, BRAZIL AB Stable night lights imaged by the VIIRS instrument on the NASA/NOAA Suomi NPP satellite provides higher spatial resolution and greater dynamic range than DMSP-OLS night light data. We use coregistered OLS and VIIRS night light composites collected in April 2012 to map night lights from a wide variety of settlements in Brazil, India, China and the USA. Color composites of VIIRS and OLS brightness data with Log(10) VIIRS filtered brightness clearly show the benefits of VIIRS higher spatial resolution and greater dynamic range. Intra-urban variations in brightness are detected by VIIRS in urban cores saturated in the OLS imagery. VIIRS is also able to distinguish small point sources of light at scales approaching 1 km where OLS registers only low luminance background light often indistinguishable from overglow. Comparison of power spectral density estimates of VIIRS and OLS transects show that VIIRS resolves similar to 10 dB more signal than OLS at scales finer than 70 km. This difference is apparent in VIIRS ability to resolve roads and small villages interconnecting vast spatial networks of larger settlements observed with OLS. C1 [Small, Christopher] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher D.] NGDC, NOAA, Earth Observ Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baugh, Kimberly] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Small, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM csmall@columbia.edu; chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; kim.baugh@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-0211-8; 978-1-4799-0213-2 PY 2013 BP 230 EP 233 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BHJ66 UT WOS:000325634500057 ER PT S AU Vogl, U Glasser, RT Lett, PD AF Vogl, Ulrich Glasser, Ryan T. Lett, Paul D. BE Shahriar, SM Narducci, FA TI Fast Light and Quantum Correlations from Four-Wave-Mixing in Atomic Vapor SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light VI CY FEB 03-05, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Fast light; Four-wave-mixing; Anomalous dispersion; Squeezed light ID SLOW-LIGHT; PROPAGATION; VELOCITY; IMAGES AB We recently demonstrated optical pulses with large negative group velocities using a scheme based on four-wave-mixing in rubidium vapor. Both the probe and the generated conjugate pulses can experience anomalous dispersion, and we have demonstrated a maximum group advancement of 64 % relative to the input pulse width. The four-wave-mixing scheme allows us to send whole images through a fast light medium, and we have analyzed the arrival of spatially-encoded information in the system. We are currently investigating the transport of quantum correlations that are shared by the probe and conjugate modes when sent through fast light media. C1 [Vogl, Ulrich] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogl, U (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9398-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8636 AR 86360H DI 10.1117/12.2010275 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHG80 UT WOS:000325365200009 ER PT S AU Allen, DW Resmini, RG Deloye, CJ Stevens, JR AF Allen, David W. Resmini, Ronald G. Deloye, Christopher J. Stevens, Jeffrey R. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI A microscene approach to the evaluation of hyperspectral system level performance SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE microscene; microarray; hyperspectral; HSI; error; uncertainty; simulation ID FRACTAL DIMENSION; IMAGES AB Assessing the ability of a hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system to detect the presence of a substance or to quantify abundance requires an understanding of the many factors in the end-to-end remote sensing scenario from scene to sensor to data exploitation. While there are methods which attempt to model such an overall scenario, they are necessarily implemented with assumptions and approximations that do not completely capture the true complexity of the actual radiative transfer processes nor do they capture the range of variability that materials display in a natural setting. We propose one alternative to numerical data models that generate hyperspectral image cubes for system trade studies and for algorithm development and testing. This approach makes use of compact hyperspectral imagers that can be used in the laboratory to measure materials in a 'microscene' specific to one's application. The key to acceptance of this approach is quantifying the distributions of spectra as points in n-D space so that one can compare the spectral complexity of laboratory generated microscene data to that of an earth remote sensing scene. The spectral complexity of the microscene generated in the lab is thus compared to airborne remotely sensed HSI. We produce and measure a microscene, estimate its data dimensionality, and compare that to similar estimates of dimensionality of airborne HSI data sets. Signal-to-clutter ratios (SCR) of the microscene are also compared to those derived from airborne HSI data. The results suggest the microscene is capable of producing a scene that is as complex, if not more so, than that of a hyperspectral scene collected from an airborne sensor. A scene classification analysis and a system trade study are conducted to illustrate the utility of the microscene for assessing system-level performance. This simple, low-cost method can provide proxy data with a distribution of points in n-dimensional (n-D) hyperspace that are indistinguishable from an earth remote sensing scene. C1 [Allen, David W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Resmini, Ronald G.; Deloye, Christopher J.] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Stevens, Jeffrey R.] George Mason Univ, Sch Phys Astron & Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Allen, DW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dwallen@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR 87431M DI 10.1117/12.2015834 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800052 ER PT S AU Resmini, RG Deloye, CJ Allen, DW AF Resmini, Ronald G. Deloye, Christopher J. Allen, David W. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI An analysis of the probability distribution of spectral angle and Euclidean distance in hyperspectral remote sensing using microspectroscopy SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIX CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE hyperspectral remote sensing; hyperspectral imagery; HSI; microscopy; HSI microscopy; spectral angle; microspectroscopy; Euclidean distance; probability distribution; L1 norm AB Determining the probability distribution of hyperspectral imagery (HSI) data and of the results of algorithms applied to those data, is critical to understanding algorithm performance and for establishing performance metrics such as probability of detection, false alarm rate, and minimum detectable and identifiable quantities. The results of analyses of visible/near-infrared (VNIR; 400 nm to 900 nm) HSI microscopy data of small fragments (similar to 1.25 cm in size) of minerals are presented. HST microscopy, also known as microspectroscopy, is the acquisition of HST data cubes of fields of view ranging from centimeters to millimeters in size. It is imaging spectrometry but at a small spatial scale. With HST microspectroscopy, several thousand spectral signatures may be easily acquired of individual target materials samples of which may be quite small With such data, probability distributions may be very precisely determined. For faceted/irregularly shaped samples and mixtures (checkerboard, intimate, or microscopic), HSI microscopy data readily facilitate a detailed assessment of the contribution of the materials, their morphology, spectral mixing interactions, radiative transfer processes, view/illumination geometry contributions, etc., to the observed probability distribution(s) of the HST data and of algorithm output. Here, spectral angle, the individual components of spectral angle (e.g., the inner product or numerator of the spectral angle equation), Euclidean distance, and L1 norm values are calculated. Regions of interest (ROT) on the fragments are easily defined that contain thousands of spectra far from the fragments' edges though translucency sometimes remains a factor impacting spectral signatures. The aforementioned metrics are derived for the spectra in an ROT of individual mineral fragments; across ROIs of different minerals; and with an ROT of an inert background. The resulting probability distributions of the various populations of the metrics are decidedly non-Gaussian though the precise probability distribution is difficult to determine. Spectral angle values appear to be most closely related to beta distributed. The HST microscopy method is described as are the results of the analyses applied to the data of the mineral fragments. The interpretation of the microspectroscopy data is considered within the ongoing investigation into determining how the spectral variability on the similar to 10 micrometer spatial scale relates to the spectral variability on larger scales such as those acquired by airborne remote sensing systems. C1 [Resmini, Ronald G.; Deloye, Christopher J.] Mitre Corp, 7594 Colshire Dr,MS T630, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Allen, David W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Resmini, RG (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 7594 Colshire Dr,MS T630, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM rresmini@mitre.org FU MITRE Innovation; HSI Microscopy research project FX The MITRE Innovation Program and, in particular, Steven Huffman, Aaron Blow, Curt Brown, Walter Barrett, and Greg Troy are gratefully acknowledged for funding, advocating, and encouraging the HSI Microscopy research project NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9534-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8743 AR PII 87431I DI 10.1117/12.2015701 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH00 UT WOS:000325394800048 ER PT J AU Warwick, NJ Archibald, AT Ashworth, K Dorsey, J Edwards, PM Heard, DE Langford, B Lee, J Misztal, PK Whalley, LK Pyle, JA AF Warwick, N. J. Archibald, A. T. Ashworth, K. Dorsey, J. Edwards, P. M. Heard, D. E. Langford, B. Lee, J. Misztal, P. K. Whalley, L. K. Pyle, J. A. TI A global model study of the impact of land-use change in Borneo on atmospheric composition SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; OIL PALM PLANTATIONS; TERRESTRIAL ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION MECHANISMS; COMPOUND EMISSIONS; TRACE GASES; BOX MODEL; OZONE AB In this study, a high resolution version of the Cambridge p-TOMCAT chemical transport model is used, along with measurement data from the 2008 NERC-funded Oxidant and Particle Photochemical Processes (OP3) project, to examine the potential impact of the expansion of oil palm in Borneo on atmospheric composition. Several model emission scenarios are run for the OP3 measurement period, incorporating emissions from both global datasets and local flux measurements. Using the OP3 observed isoprene fluxes and OH recycling chemistry in p-TOMCAT substantially improves the comparison between modelled and observed isoprene and OH concentrations relative to using MEGAN isoprene emissions without OH recycling. However, a similar improvement was also achieved without using HOx recycling, by fixing boundary layer isoprene concentrations over Borneo to follow the OP3 observations. An extreme hypothetical future scenario, in which all of Borneo is converted to oil palm plantation, assessed the sensitivity of the model to changes in isoprene and NOx emissions associated with land-use change. This scenario suggested a 70% upper limit on surface ozone increases resulting from land-use change on Borneo, excluding the impact of future changes in emissions elsewhere. Although the largest changes in this scenario occurred directly over Borneo, the model also calculated notable regional changes of O-3, OH and other species downwind of Borneo and in the free troposphere. C1 [Warwick, N. J.; Archibald, A. T.; Pyle, J. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Ashworth, K.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, England. [Dorsey, J.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 3PL, Lancs, England. [Edwards, P. M.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heard, D. E.; Whalley, L. K.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Langford, B.; Misztal, P. K.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Penicuik EH26 OQB, Midlothian, Scotland. [Lee, J.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Heslington, England. [Misztal, P. K.] Univ Edinburgh, Dept Chem, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM nicola.warwick@atm.ch.cam.ac.uk RI Ashworth, Kirsti/N-4550-2013; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Misztal, Pawel/B-8371-2009; Langford, Ben/N-3072-2013; OI Ashworth, Kirsti/0000-0001-5627-3014; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Misztal, Pawel/0000-0003-1060-1750; Langford, Ben/0000-0002-6968-5197; Archibald, Alexander/0000-0001-9302-4180; Heard, Dwayne/0000-0002-0357-6238 FU NERC; QUEST-QUAAC project [NE/C001621/1]; Royal Society South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme [A/603] FX KA acknowledges funding from a NERC studentship and the QUEST-QUAAC project (NE/C001621/1). This paper is Publication No. A/603 of the Royal Society South East Asia Rainforest Research Programme. The authors would like to thank DVMC and EPC for granting research permission. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 18 BP 9183 EP 9194 DI 10.5194/acp-13-9183-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229RC UT WOS:000325283800004 ER PT J AU Miyamoto, Y Inoue, M Morino, I Uchino, O Yokota, T Machida, T Sawa, Y Matsueda, H Sweeney, C Tans, PP Andrews, AE Biraud, SC Patra, PK AF Miyamoto, Y. Inoue, M. Morino, I. Uchino, O. Yokota, T. Machida, T. Sawa, Y. Matsueda, H. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. P. Andrews, A. E. Biraud, S. C. Patra, P. K. TI Atmospheric column-averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide at 53 aircraft measurement sites (vol 13, pg 5265, 2013) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Miyamoto, Y.; Inoue, M.; Morino, I.; Uchino, O.; Yokota, T.; Machida, T.] NIES, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sawa, Y.; Matsueda, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.; Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Patra, P. K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Morino, I (reprint author), Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Okayama, Japan. EM morino@nies.go.jp RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Inoue, Makoto/M-8505-2014 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Inoue, Makoto/0000-0002-6826-5334 NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 18 BP 9213 EP 9216 DI 10.5194/acp-13-9213-2013 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229RC UT WOS:000325283800007 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD Persson, POG Brooks, IM Tjernstrom, M Sedlar, J Mauritsen, T Sjogren, S Leck, C AF Shupe, M. D. Persson, P. O. G. Brooks, I. M. Tjernstrom, M. Sedlar, J. Mauritsen, T. Sjogren, S. Leck, C. TI Cloud and boundary layer interactions over the Arctic sea ice in late summer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; LARGE-SCALE HEAT; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; BIOGENIC SULFUR; STRATUS CLOUDS; AEROSOL; CLIMATE; OCEAN; SHEBA; RETRIEVALS AB Observations from the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS), in the central Arctic sea-ice pack in late summer 2008, provide a detailed view of cloud-atmosphere-surface interactions and vertical mixing processes over the sea-ice environment. Measurements from a suite of ground-based remote sensors, near-surface meteorological and aerosol instruments, and profiles from radiosondes and a helicopter are combined to characterize a week-long period dominated by low-level, mixed-phase, stratocumulus clouds. Detailed case studies and statistical analyses are used to develop a conceptual model for the cloud and atmosphere structure and their interactions in this environment. Clouds were persistent during the period of study, having qualities that suggest they were sustained through a combination of advective influences and in-cloud processes, with little contribution from the surface. Radiative cooling near cloud top produced buoyancy-driven, turbulent eddies that contributed to cloud formation and created a cloud-driven mixed layer. The depth of this mixed layer was related to the amount of turbulence and condensed cloud water. Coupling of this cloud-driven mixed layer to the surface boundary layer was primarily determined by proximity. For 75% of the period of study, the primary stratocumulus cloud-driven mixed layer was decoupled from the surface and typically at a warmer potential temperature. Since the near-surface temperature was constrained by the ocean-ice mixture, warm temperatures aloft suggest that these air masses had not significantly interacted with the sea-ice surface. Instead, back-trajectory analyses suggest that these warm air masses advected into the central Arctic Basin from lower latitudes. Moisture and aerosol particles likely accompanied these air masses, providing necessary support for cloud formation. On the occasions when cloud-surface coupling did occur, back trajectories indicated that these air masses advected at low levels, while mixing processes kept the mixed layer in equilibrium with the near-surface environment. Rather than contributing buoyancy forcing for the mixed-layer dynamics, the surface instead simply appeared to respond to the mixed-layer processes aloft. Clouds in these cases often contained slightly higher condensed water amounts, potentially due to additional moisture sources from below. C1 [Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brooks, I. M.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sedlar, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Mauritsen, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Sjogren, S.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.shupe@noaa.gov RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 FU Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy [DE-SC0007005, DE-SC0008794]; US National Science Foundation [ARC1023366, ARC1203902]; Swedish Research Council; Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; European Union; US National Science Foundation; UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) FX This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), US Department of Energy (DE-SC0007005, DE-SC0008794) and the US National Science Foundation (ARC1023366, ARC1203902). C. Leck and M. Tjernstrom were supported by the Swedish Research Council and Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research. ASCOS was supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, DAMOCLES Integrated Research Project from the European Union 6th Framework Programme, US National Science Foundation, and UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). The Swedish Polar Research Secretariat provided access to the icebreaker Oden and logistical support. We thank the NERC Earth Observation Data Acquisition and Analysis Service for supplying MODIS satellite imagery. Special thanks to the Oden crew and to the ASCOS team for collecting quality observational data, particularly Cathryn Birch, Paul Johnston, Sarah Norris, Maria Martin, and Cassandra Wheeler. NR 76 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 18 BP 9379 EP 9399 DI 10.5194/acp-13-9379-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229RC UT WOS:000325283800017 ER PT J AU Wright, JS Fueglistaler, S AF Wright, J. S. Fueglistaler, S. TI Large differences in reanalyses of diabatic heating in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SOLAR-RADIATION; APPROXIMATION; CIRCULATION; TRENDS; OZONE; WATER; MODEL AB We present the time mean heat budgets of the tropical upper troposphere (UT) and lower stratosphere (LS) as simulated by five reanalysis models: the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA), European Reanalysis (ERA-Interim), Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis and Japan Meteorological Agency Climate Data Assimilation System (JRA-25/JCDAS), and National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) Reanalysis 1. The simulated diabatic heat budget in the tropical UTLS differs significantly from model to model, with substantial implications for representations of transport and mixing. Large differences are apparent both in the net heat budget and in all comparable individual components, including latent heating, heating due to radiative transfer, and heating due to parameterised vertical mixing. We describe and discuss the most pronounced differences. Discrepancies in latent heating reflect continuing difficulties in representing moist convection in models. Although these discrepancies may be expected, their magnitude is still disturbing. We pay particular attention to discrepancies in radiative heating (which may be surprising given the strength of observational constraints on temperature and tropospheric water vapour) and discrepancies in heating due to turbulent mixing (which have received comparatively little attention). The largest differences in radiative heating in the tropical UTLS are attributable to differences in cloud radiative heating, but important systematic differences are present even in the absence of clouds. Local maxima in heating and cooling due to parameterised turbulent mixing occur in the vicinity of the tropical tropopause. C1 [Wright, J. S.] Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Fueglistaler, S.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wright, JS (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Minist Educ, Key Lab Earth Syst Modeling, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM jswright@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; OI Wright, Jonathon/0000-0001-6551-7017 FU EU; SHIVA project; Tsinghua University FX This research was supported in part by the EU-funded SHIVA project and by Tsinghua University. MERRA reanalysis data were provided by the NASA GES DISC. Access to the ERAI reanalysis data was provided by the NERC BADC and ECMWF. CFSR and NCEP reanalysis data were obtained from the CISL RDA at NCAR. JRA reanalysis data were provided by the JMA and CRIEPI. We extend particular thanks to David Tan at ECMWF, Craig Long and Yu-Tai Hou at NOAA, Michael Bosilovich at NASA, and Kazutoshi Onogi at JMA for their assistance in tracking down details of the reanalysis data sets, and thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their contributions. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 18 BP 9565 EP 9576 DI 10.5194/acp-13-9565-2013 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229RC UT WOS:000325283800028 ER PT J AU Bronnimann, S Bhend, J Franke, J Fluckiger, S Fischer, AM Bleisch, R Bodeker, G Hassler, B Rozanov, E Schraner, M AF Broennimann, S. Bhend, J. Franke, J. Flueckiger, S. Fischer, A. M. Bleisch, R. Bodeker, G. Hassler, B. Rozanov, E. Schraner, M. TI A global historical ozone data set and prominent features of stratospheric variability prior to 1979 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; ENSEMBLE SIMULATIONS; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; REANALYSIS PROJECT; ERA-40 REANALYSIS; TECHNICAL NOTE; 20TH-CENTURY; TRANSPORT; SERIES; ASSIMILATION AB We present a vertically resolved zonal mean monthly mean global ozone data set spanning the period 1901 to 2007, called HISTOZ. 1.0. It is based on a new approach that combines information from an ensemble of chemistry climate model (CCM) simulations with historical total column ozone information. The CCM simulations incorporate important external drivers of stratospheric chemistry and dynamics (in particular solar and volcanic effects, greenhouse gases and ozone depleting substances, sea surface temperatures, and the quasi-biennial oscillation). The historical total column ozone observations include ground-based measurements from the 1920s onward and satellite observations from 1970 to 1976. An off-line data assimilation approach is used to combine model simulations, observations, and information on the observation error. The period starting in 1979 was used for validation with existing ozone data sets and therefore only ground-based measurements were assimilated. Results demonstrate considerable skill from the CCM simulations alone. Assimilating observations provides additional skill for total column ozone. With respect to the vertical ozone distribution, assimilating observations increases on average the correlation with a reference data set, but does not decrease the mean squared error. Analyses of HISTOZ. 1.0 with respect to the effects of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and of the 11 yr solar cycle on stratospheric ozone from 1934 to 1979 qualitatively confirm previous studies that focussed on the post-1979 period. The ENSO signature exhibits a much clearer imprint of a change in strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation compared to the post-1979 period. The imprint of the 11 yr solar cycle is slightly weaker in the earlier period. Furthermore, the total column ozone increase from the 1950s to around 1970 at northern mid-latitudes is briefly discussed. Indications for contributions of a tropospheric ozone increase, greenhouse gases, and changes in atmospheric circulation are found. Finally, the paper points at several possible future improvements of HISTOZ. 1.0. C1 [Broennimann, S.; Franke, J.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Broennimann, S.; Franke, J.; Flueckiger, S.] Univ Bern, Inst Geog, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Bhend, J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Fischer, A. M.] Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol MeteoSwiss, Zurich, Switzerland. [Bleisch, R.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Bodeker, G.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, Central Otago, New Zealand. [Hassler, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Rozanov, E.] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos World Radiat Ctr, Davos, Switzerland. [Rozanov, E.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Schraner, M.] CSCS, Lugano, Switzerland. RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. EM stefan.broennimann@giub.unibe.ch RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Bodeker, Gregory/0000-0003-1094-5852; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Bronnimann, Stefan/0000-0001-9502-7991 FU Swiss National Science Foundation (Sinergia project FUPSOL); Swiss National Science Foundation (project EVALUATE); EU-FP7 project ERACLIM FX This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Sinergia project FUPSOL, project EVALUATE) and EU-FP7 project ERACLIM. We would like to acknowledge WOUDC and NASA for providing ozone data, ECMWF for the ERA-40 data. HISTOZ.1.0 can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.unibe.ch/giub/Broennimann/HISTOZ/. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 18 BP 9623 EP 9639 DI 10.5194/acp-13-9623-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229RC UT WOS:000325283800033 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Kussul, NN Adamenko, TI Skakun, SV Kravchenko, AN Krivobok, AA Shelestov, AY Kolotii, AV Kussul, OM Lavrenyuk, AN AF Kogan, F. Kussul, N. N. Adamenko, T. I. Skakun, S. V. Kravchenko, A. N. Krivobok, A. A. Shelestov, A. Yu. Kolotii, A. V. Kussul, O. M. Lavrenyuk, A. N. TI Winter Wheat Yield Forecasting: a Comparative Analysis of Results of Regression and Biophysical Models SO JOURNAL OF AUTOMATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE winter wheat yield forecasting; linear regression models based on satellite data; nonlinear regression models based on meteorological factors; biophysical models of growth; comparative analysis of results ID REMOTE-SENSING DATA; VEGETATION HEALTH INDEXES; CROP GROWTH; LEAST-SQUARES; CORN YIELD; INFORMATION; PRODUCTIVITY; KANSAS AB Relative efficiency of using satellite data to winter wheat yield forecasting in Ukraine at region level is assessed. The efficiency of forecasting on the basis of empirical and biophysical models of agricultural crops is compared. As empirical yields models the linear regression models of yield dependency on 16-day index NDVI composite on the basis of MODIS data with spatial resolution 250 m (MOD 13) are considered as well as nonlinear regression model, in which daily meteorological data of 180 local meteorological stations are used as predictors. The empirical approach to prediction is compared with biophysical which is implemented in the system CGMS, adapted for the Ukraine and based on the WOFOST model. For parameters identification of the yield models the official statistical data is used of winter wheat yield at the regional level for the period of 2000-2009. Validation of models is done on independent data for 2010 and 2011. The obtained results showed that when training models for 2000-2009 and 2000-2010 years and validating for 2010 and 2011 respectively all three approaches show similar accuracy. Average root mean square prediction error is approximately 0.6 c/ha. C1 [Kogan, F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kussul, N. N.; Kravchenko, A. N.; Kolotii, A. V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Space Res, Kiev, Ukraine. [Kussul, N. N.] Natl Space Agcy Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine. [Adamenko, T. I.; Krivobok, A. A.] Dept Ukrainian Hydro Meteorol Ctr, Kiev, Ukraine. [Skakun, S. V.] Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Lab Inst Space Res, Kiev, Ukraine. [Skakun, S. V.; Kravchenko, A. N.; Kolotii, A. V.] State Space Agcy Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine. [Shelestov, A. Yu.] Natl Univ Biol Recourses & Management Nat Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine. [Kussul, O. M.; Lavrenyuk, A. N.] Natl Tech Univ Ukraine, Kiev Polytech Inst, Kiev, Ukraine. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Shelestov, Andrii/N-9053-2014; Kolotii, Andrii/D-8635-2015; Skakun, Sergii/E-2769-2012; Kussul, Nataliia/N-8649-2014 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Shelestov, Andrii/0000-0001-9256-4097; Kolotii, Andrii/0000-0002-6972-4483; Skakun, Sergii/0000-0002-9039-0174; Kussul, Nataliia/0000-0002-9704-9702 FU U.S. Civilian Research and Development (CRDF); "Analysis of climate change & food security based on remote sensing & in situ data sets" [UKB2-2972-KV-09]; UNTU 5240 FX The work is supported by the U.S. Civilian Research and Development (CRDF). Grant "Analysis of climate change & food security based on remote sensing & in situ data sets" (No. UKB2-2972-KV-09), Grant UNTU 5240. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1064-2315 EI 2163-9337 J9 J AUTOMAT INFORM SCI JI J. Automat. Inf. Sci. PY 2013 VL 45 IS 6 BP 68 EP 81 DI 10.1615/JAutomatInfScien.v45.i6.70 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 231UB UT WOS:000325442800007 ER PT J AU Wood, KR Overland, JE Salo, SA Bond, NA Williams, WJ Dong, XQ AF Wood, Kevin R. Overland, James E. Salo, Sigrid A. Bond, Nicholas A. Williams, William J. Dong, Xiquan TI Is there a "new normal'' climate in the Beaufort Sea? SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Arctic change; sea ice; Beaufort Sea; Mackenzie River; Arctic amplification; atmospheric circulation ID ICE; ESTUARY; OCEAN AB Since 2007, environmental conditions in the Beaufort Sea have appeared to be consistently different from those in the past. Is a "new normal'' climate emerging in the region? Sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) have been notably warm during the summer, leading to delayed freeze-up in the fall along with large surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies due to the release of stored ocean heat to the atmosphere. In the autumn of 2011 and 2012, SST and SAT anomalies in Arctic marginal seas were the largest observed in the Northern Hemisphere. Since 2007, there has been an increase in easterly winds, which has helped set the stage for Arctic amplification by advecting sea ice out of the region and enhancing surface stratification due to the offshore transport of fresh water from the large Mackenzie River discharge plume. These winds are linked to an intensification of the Beaufort High and are evident throughout the troposphere. Their occurrence has undoubtedly contributed to the acceleration of sea-ice loss and surface warming in the Beaufort Sea, with additional impacts likely throughout the ecosystem. C1 [Wood, Kevin R.; Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Overland, James E.; Salo, Sigrid A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Williams, William J.] Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Dong, Xiquan] Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58202 USA. RP Wood, KR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, 3737 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kevin.r.wood@noaa.gov FU NOAA Arctic Research Program, of the Office of Naval Research [322]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148, 2047] FX This project was supported by the NOAA Arctic Research Program, Code 322 of the Office of Naval Research, and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2047. This is PMEL Contribution No. 3859. This research is a contribution to the Synthesis of Arctic Research programme, supported by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management via inter-agency agreement number M11PG0034. The Joint Ocean Ice Study programme and the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project were supported by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, by the Canada International Polar Year Office and by the US National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs grant OPP-0424864. NR 29 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0800-0395 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2013 VL 32 AR UNSP 19552 DI 10.3402/polar.v32i0.19552 PG 9 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA 237SR UT WOS:000325891700001 ER PT J AU Nelson, MA Ondov, JM VanDerveer, MC Buchholz, BA AF Nelson, Michael A. Ondov, John M. VanDerveer, Michael C. Buchholz, Bruce A. TI CONTEMPORARY FRACTION OF BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE IN STILTON CHEESE BY ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Radiocarbon Conference CY 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE ID ACID ESTERS; C-14 DATA; EXPOSURE; AMS; GRAPHITE; SAMPLES; MILK; DBP AB Measurements of the radiocarbon abundance in 5 samples of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) isolated from Stilton cheese were made by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to determine the fraction of carbon originating from contemporary biogenic sources. DEHP is classified as a "priority hazardous substance" by the European Union, a probable human carcinogen by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, and is suspected to be a human endocrine disrupter. Measurement of its C-14 abundance in a specific food indicates whether its presence is due to contamination from industrially synthesized DEHP or a naturally inherent component. A method was developed to determine the contemporary carbon fraction of DEHP in a fatty food matrix at concentrations of approximate to 0.14 mg/kg. Five 90-mu g quantities of DEHP were extracted from 12 kg of Stilton cheese and isolated by silica gel, size exclusion, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Masses of samples were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses prior to combustion and manometry afterwards. The purity of DEHP carbon mass in each isolate was determined by multivariate deconvolution of GCMS fragmentation spectra obtained from measurements of standards and isolates, and ranged from 88.0 +/- 1.8% to 92.3 +/- 1.1% (n = 5, 1 sigma). Concurrently processed isolation method blanks contained from 0.15 +/- 0.04 to 1.52 +/- 0.06 mu g (n = 3, 1 sigma) DEHP per sample and significant quantities of pre- and post-chromatographic extraneous carbon contamination. The mean C-14-corrected contemporary carbon fraction of DEHP in the isolates was 0.235 +/- 0.073 (1 sigma; and +/- 0.091 at the 95% confidence level), revealing that the majority of DEHP in Stilton cheese results from anthropogenic sources, but with a significant naturally occurring component. C1 [Nelson, Michael A.; Ondov, John M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nelson, Michael A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [VanDerveer, Michael C.] US FDA, Univ Stn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Buchholz, Bruce A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Nelson, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM manelson@umd.edu FU US Food and Drug Administration's Office of Food Additive Safety (Division of Food Contact Notification) [U01FD001418]; US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX This work was performed with funding from the US Food and Drug Administration's Office of Food Additive Safety (Division of Food Contact Notification) under grant number U01FD001418; and in part under the auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. We thank Michele Schantz of the NIST Analytical Chemistry Division for providing guidance and training; and Professor Alan Kaufman, Dept. of Geology at the University of Maryland College Park, for performing 13C/12C isotope ratio measurements in his Stable Isotope Laboratory. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or the US Food and Drug Administration, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 EI 1945-5755 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2013 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 686 EP 697 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 235WK UT WOS:000325752100056 ER PT J AU Turnbull, J Graven, H Miller, J Lehman, S AF Turnbull, Jocelyn Graven, Heather Miller, John Lehman, Scott CA Workshop Participants TI ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON WORKSHOP REPORT SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Radiocarbon Conference CY 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE AB A workshop on atmospheric radiocarbon measurements was held in conjunction with the 21st International Radiocarbon conference in July 2012. The main topics were intercomparison of measurements of C-14 in atmospheric CO2, the potential for use of gas standards for atmospheric C-14 measurements, reporting of uncertainties, and expansion of intercomparison activities to other atmospheric trace gases. This report documents the discussions and conclusions of this workshop. C1 [Turnbull, Jocelyn] GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Turnbull, Jocelyn; Miller, John] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Graven, Heather] Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. [Miller, John] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lehman, Scott] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Turnbull, J (reprint author), GNS Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. EM turnbull@gns.cri.nz OI Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 EI 1945-5755 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2013 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 1470 EP 1474 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 235WK UT WOS:000325752100133 ER PT J AU Miller, J Lehman, S Wolak, C Turnbull, J Dunn, G Graven, H Keeling, R Meijer, HAJ Aerts-Bijma, AT Palstra, SWL Smith, AM Allison, C Southon, J Xu, XM Nakazawa, T Aoki, S Nakamura, T Guilderson, T LaFranchi, B Mukai, H Terao, Y Uchida, M Kondo, M AF Miller, John Lehman, Scott Wolak, Chad Turnbull, Jocelyn Dunn, Gregory Graven, Heather Keeling, Ralph Meijer, Harro A. J. Aerts-Bijma, Anita Th Palstra, Sanne W. L. Smith, Andrew M. Allison, Colin Southon, John Xu, Xiaomei Nakazawa, Takakiyo Aoki, Shuji Nakamura, Toshio Guilderson, Thomas LaFranchi, Brian Mukai, Hitoshi Terao, Yukio Uchida, Masao Kondo, Miyuki TI INITIAL RESULTS OF AN INTERCOMPARISON OF AMS-BASED ATMOSPHERIC (CO2)-C-14 MEASUREMENTS SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Radiocarbon Conference CY 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; HIGH-PRECISION; C-14 MEASUREMENTS; EXCHANGE; FACILITY; ANTARES; JAPAN AB This article presents results from the first 3 rounds of an international intercomparison of measurements of Delta(CO2)-C-14 in liter-scale samples of whole air by groups using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). The ultimate goal of the intercomparison is to allow the merging of Delta(CO2)-C-14 data from different groups, with the confidence that differences in the data are geophysical gradients and not artifacts of calibration. Eight groups have participated in at least 1 round of the intercomparison, which has so far included 3 rounds of air distribution between 2007 and 2010. The comparison is intended to be ongoing, so that: a) the community obtains a regular assessment of differences between laboratories; and b) individual laboratories can begin to assess the long-term repeatability of their measurements of the same source air. Air used in the intercomparison was compressed into 2 high-pressure cylinders in 2005 and 2006 at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (USA), with one of the tanks "spiked" with fossil CO2, so that the 2 tanks span the range of Delta(CO2)-C-14 typically encountered when measuring air from both remote background locations and polluted urban ones. Three groups show interlaboratory comparability within 1 parts per thousand for ambient level Delta(CO2)-C-14. For high CO2/low Delta(CO2)-C-14 air, 4 laboratories showed comparability within 2 parts per thousand. This approaches the goals set out by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) CO2 Measurements Experts Group in 2005. One important observation is that single-sample precisions typically reported by the AMS community cannot always explain the observed differences within and between laboratories. This emphasizes the need to use long-term repeatability as a metric for measurement precision, especially in the context of long-term atmospheric monitoring. C1 [Miller, John] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, John] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehman, Scott; Wolak, Chad; Turnbull, Jocelyn; Dunn, Gregory] Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Graven, Heather; Keeling, Ralph] Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. [Meijer, Harro A. J.; Aerts-Bijma, Anita Th; Palstra, Sanne W. L.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Smith, Andrew M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Lucas Heights, Australia. [Allison, Colin] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Southon, John; Xu, Xiaomei] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Nakazawa, Takakiyo; Aoki, Shuji] Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Nakamura, Toshio] Nagoya Univ, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Guilderson, Thomas; LaFranchi, Brian] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Mukai, Hitoshi; Terao, Yukio; Uchida, Masao; Kondo, Miyuki] Nat Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Miller, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM john.b.miller@noaa.gov RI Meijer, Harro/A-5787-2012; Terao, Yukio/A-2099-2008; Uchida, Masao/C-3673-2013; OI Terao, Yukio/0000-0003-2345-7073; Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 EI 1945-5755 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2013 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 1475 EP 1483 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 235WK UT WOS:000325752100134 ER PT J AU Lehman, SJ Miller, JB Wolak, C Southon, J Tans, PP Montzka, SA Sweeney, C Andrews, A LaFranchi, B Guilderson, TP Turnbull, JC AF Lehman, Scott J. Miller, John B. Wolak, Chad Southon, John Tans, Pieter P. Montzka, Stephen A. Sweeney, Colm Andrews, Arlyn LaFranchi, Brian Guilderson, Thomas P. Turnbull, Jocelyn C. TI ALLOCATION OF TERRESTRIAL CARBON SOURCES USING (CO2)-C-14: METHODS, MEASUREMENT, AND MODELING SO RADIOCARBON LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Radiocarbon Conference CY 2012 CL Paris, FRANCE ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CYCLE; RADIOCARBON; VARIABILITY; EMISSIONS; DIOXIDE; EUROPE AB The radiocarbon content of whole air provides a theoretically ideal and now observationally proven tracer for recently added fossil-fuel-derived CO2 in the atmosphere (C-ff). Over large industrialized land areas, determination of C-ff also constrains the change in CO2 due to uptake and release by the terrestrial biosphere. Here, we review the development of a Delta(CO2)-C-14 measurement program and its implementation within the US portion of the NOAA Global Monitoring Division's air sampling network. The Delta(CO2)-C-14 measurement repeatability is evaluated based on surveillance cylinders of whole air and equates to a C-ff detection limit of <= 0.9 ppm from measurement uncertainties alone. We also attempt to quantify additional sources of uncertainty arising from non-fossil terms in the atmospheric (CO2)-C-14 budget and from uncertainties in the composition of "background" air against which C-ff enhancements occur. As an example of how we apply the measurements, we present estimates of the boundary layer enhancements of C-ff and Cb-io using observations obtained from vertical airborne sampling profiles off of the northeastern US. We also present an updated time series of measurements from NOAA GMD's Niwot Ridge site at 3475 m asl in Colorado in order to characterize recent Delta(CO2)-C-14 variability in the well-mixed free troposphere. C1 [Lehman, Scott J.; Wolak, Chad] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, John B.; Tans, Pieter P.; Montzka, Stephen A.; Sweeney, Colm; Andrews, Arlyn] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, John B.; Sweeney, Colm; Andrews, Arlyn; Turnbull, Jocelyn C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Southon, John] Univ Calif Irvine, Keck AMS Facil, Irvine, CA USA. [LaFranchi, Brian; Guilderson, Thomas P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Turnbull, Jocelyn C.] GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Lehman, SJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; OI Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNIV ARIZONA DEPT GEOSCIENCES PI TUCSON PA RADIOCARBON 4717 E FORT LOWELL RD, TUCSON, AZ 85712 USA SN 0033-8222 EI 1945-5755 J9 RADIOCARBON JI Radiocarbon PY 2013 VL 55 IS 2-3 BP 1484 EP 1495 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 235WK UT WOS:000325752100135 ER PT B AU Miller, SD Heidinger, AK Sengupta, M AF Miller, Steven D. Heidinger, Andrew K. Sengupta, Manajit BA Kleissl, J BF Kleissl, J TI Physically Based Satellite Methods SO SOLAR ENERGY FORECASTING AND RESOURCE ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CLOUD-TOP HEIGHT; SOLAR-RADIATION; MODEL; SURFACE; IRRADIANCE; ALGORITHM; APPROXIMATION; IMPROVEMENTS; ATMOSPHERES; VALIDATION C1 [Miller, Steven D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC USA. [Sengupta, Manajit] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-12-397772-4; 978-0-12-397177-7 PY 2013 BP 49 EP 79 PG 31 WC Energy & Fuels; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Energy & Fuels; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BHE42 UT WOS:000325159600004 ER PT S AU Kaplan, SG Woods, SI Carter, AC Jung, TM AF Kaplan, Simon G. Woods, Solomon I. Carter, Adriaan C. Jung, Timothy M. BE Buford, JA Murrer, RL Ballard, GH TI Calibration of IR Test Chambers with the Missile Defense Transfer Radiometer SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVIII CY MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE infrared; radiometry; calibration; cryogenics; transfer radiometer; Fourier-transform spectrometer AB The Missile Defense Transfer Radiometer (MDXR) is designed to calibrate infrared collimated and flood sources over the fW/cm(2) to mu W/cm(2) power range from 3 mu m to 28 mu m in wavelength. The MDXR operates in three different modes: as a filter radiometer, a Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS)-based spectroradiometer, and as an absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR). Since 2010, the MDXR has made measurements of the collimated infrared irradiance at the output port of seven different infrared test chambers at several facilities. We present a selection of results from these calibration efforts compared to signal predictions from the respective chamber models for the three different MDXR calibration modes. We also compare the results to previous measurements made of the same chambers with a legacy transfer radiometer, the NIST BXR. In general, the results are found to agree within their combined uncertainties, with the MDXR having 30 % lower uncertainty and greater spectral coverage. C1 [Kaplan, Simon G.; Woods, Solomon I.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kaplan, SG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9498-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8707 AR 870709 DI 10.1117/12.2015982 PG 12 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHG97 UT WOS:000325393300005 ER PT S AU Rice, JP AF Rice, Joseph P. BE Buford, JA Murrer, RL Ballard, GH TI Analytic determination of optimal projector lens design requirements for pixilated projectors used to test pixilated imaging sensors SO TECHNOLOGIES FOR SYNTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS: HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Technologies for Synthetic Environments - Hardware-in-the-Loop XVIII CY MAY 02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE imaging; projector; testing; optics; lens design; hardware-in-the-loop ID RADIOMETRIC APPLICATIONS AB A model is described for the problem of optimally projecting a pixellated light source onto a pixellated imaging sensor, in the context that the projected source is used for performance testing of the sensor. The model can be used, for example, to compute the paraxial design requirements of the projection lens, given that the parameters of all other subsystems in the problem are fixed. For remote sensing applications, where the performance of a sensor focused at infinity is to be tested, the projector lens becomes a collimator. For optimal projection when using the source for performance testing of the sensor, one then requires that the projector pixels are not spatially resolved by the imaging sensor, the entrance pupil of the sensor is overfilled without vignetting, and also, where feasible, the sensor field of view is overfilled. The model uses paraxial analytical ray tracing approximations to provide a set of equations that are used in an associated spreadsheet to determine the basic collimator requirements such as effective focal length, f/#, and relief distance, given the geometrical characteristics of the projector spatial light modulator and the sensor under test. Beyond this, the model provides a sense of intuition and guidance prior to detailed computerized ray tracing. C1 NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rice, JP (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joe.rice@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9498-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8707 AR 870702 DI 10.1117/12.2018504 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHG97 UT WOS:000325393300001 ER PT S AU Fang, MH Wang, HD Dong, CH Huang, Q AF Fang, Minghu Wang, Hangdong Dong, Chiheng Huang, Q. GP IOP TI Superconductivity and Magnetism in (Tl, K, Rb)FexSe2 SO 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS AND MECHANISMS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY (M2S-X) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Materials and Mechanisms of Superconductivity (M2S) CY JUL 29-AUG 03, 2012 CL Washington, DC SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, AF Off Sci Res, Argonne Natl Lab, Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Emergent Superconductiv, Council Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, Dept Energy, Basic Energy Sci, Elsevier, Publisher Physica C Superconductiv & Applicat, ICAM 12CAM, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Mat Res Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, Univ Houston, Texas Ctr Superconductiv, Univ Geneva, Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, Dept Phys, Univ Illinois Urbana Champaign, Mat Res Lab ID PHASE-SEPARATION; MOSSBAUER; SYSTEM; ORDER; LAO1-XFXFEAS; COMPOUND AB The iron selenide superconductors AFe(x)Se(2) (A = Tl, K, Rb and Cs) discovered at the end of 2010 has attracted great interest because they display a variety of properties unprecedented for the cuprates and iron pnictides. Here, we present the motivation for our discovery on the superconductivity in (Tl,K,Rb)FexSe2 system, in which the onset superconducting transition temperature is as high as 40 K. We found that the compound with more Fe vacancies is an AFM insulator, which has been con firmed to be associated with the Fe-vacancy ordering in the crystals. Our discovery represents the first Fe-based superconductivity at the verge of an AFM insulator. A review on the recent results of Fe-vacancy super-lattice, AFM ordering, superconductivity and phase separation in (Tl,K,Rb)FexSe2 system is presented. C1 [Fang, Minghu; Wang, Hangdong; Dong, Chiheng] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Wang, Hangdong] Hangzhou Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310036, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fang, MH (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Phys, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM mhfang@zju.edu.cn OI Dong, Chiheng/0000-0002-8617-3978 FU Nature Science Foundation of China [10974175, 10934005]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2011CBA00103, 2009CB929104]; PCSIRT of the Ministry of Education of China [IRT0754] FX This work is supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10974175, 10934005), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) under grant Nos. 2011CBA00103 and 2009CB929104, and PCSIRT of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. IRT0754). We acknowledge Qimiao Si, Fuchun Zhang and Jianhui Dai for discussion and encouragement. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2013 VL 449 AR UNSP 012015 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/449/1/012015 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BGD69 UT WOS:000322460700015 ER PT S AU Ryan, JT Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Southwick, RG Oates, AS AF Ryan, J. T. Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Suehle, J. S. Southwick, R. G. Oates, A. S. GP IEEE TI Reliability Monitoring For Highly Leaky Devices SO 2013 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM (IRPS) SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY APR 14-18, 2013 CL Anaheim, CA SP IEEE, Texas Instruments, Cisco Syst, Cadence, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, Mentor Graph, Samsung DE charge pumping; leakage current; frequency modulation ID MOS-TRANSISTORS AB We demonstrate a new charge pumping (CP) methodology, frequency modulated CP (FMCP), that robustly treats metrology challenges associated with high gate leakage current. By moving to an AC coupled measurement, we are able to easily resolve small CP signals despite excessively high gate leakage current backgrounds. We demonstrate the utility of FMCP as a reliability monitoring tool in highly scaled and highly leaky devices. C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Southwick, R. G.] IBM Res, Albany, NY USA. [Oates, A. S.] Taiwan Semicond Mfg Co, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4799-0113-5; 978-1-4799-0112-8 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2013 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BHD78 UT WOS:000325097500020 ER PT J AU Henley, WJ Litaker, RW Noyoyeska, L Duke, CS Quemada, HD Sayre, RT AF Henley, William J. Litaker, R. Wayne Noyoyeska, Lucie Duke, Clifford S. Quemada, Hector D. Sayre, Richard T. TI Initial risk assessment of genetically modified (GM) microalgae for commodity-scale biofuel cultivation SO ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS LA English DT Article DE Algae; Biofuels; Ecological risk; Genetic modification; Horizontal gene transfer ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; HORIZONTAL GENE-TRANSFER; NUTRIENT-UPTAKE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FATTY-ACIDS; CHLAMYDOMONAS-REINHARDTII; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; ENGINEERED ORGANISMS; ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS; BIOMASS CONVERSION AB Genetic modification (GM) of microalgae to improve commercial production of biofuels is underway. Inevitable governmental regulations will likely address environmental, economic and human health impacts. Proactive addressing of such regulatory protection goals should begin now, during early development of this new, potentially large and transformative industry. We present strategies for ecological risk assessment of GM algae for commercial mass cultivation assuming that escape of GM algae into the environment is unavoidable. We consider the potential ecological, economic and health impacts of GM algae that persist in and alter natural ecosystems. Horizontal gene transfer with native organisms is of particular concern for certain traits, especially when cultivating GM cyanobacteria. In general, we predict that most target GM algal traits are unlikely to confer a selective advantage in nature, and thus would rapidly diminish, resulting in low but nonzero ecological risk. Genetic and mechanical containment, plus conditional matching of GM algal traits to unnatural cultivation conditions, would further reduce risk These hypothetical predictions must be verified through rigorous ongoing monitoring and mesocosm experiments to minimize risk and foster public and regulatory acceptance. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Henley, William J.; Noyoyeska, Lucie] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Duke, Clifford S.] Ecol Soc Amer, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Quemada, Hector D.] Donald Danforth Plant Sci Ctr, St Louis, MO 63132 USA. [Sayre, Richard T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Sayre, Richard T.] New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. [Sayre, Richard T.] Phycal Inc, Highland Hts, OH 44143 USA. RP Henley, WJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Bot, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM bill.henley@okstate.edu RI Quemada, Hector/M-2848-2013; OI Duke, Clifford/0000-0002-8041-4267; Sayre, Richard/0000-0002-3153-7084 FU Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology [PSB11-013]; NOAA program funds; U.S. Department of Energy; National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Consortium; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research Program FX WJH and LN received support from the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology, grant PSB11-013. RWL received support from NOAA program funds. RTS received support from the U.S. Department of Energy, National Alliance for Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Consortium, and from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, Laboratory Directed Research Program. The manuscript was greatly improved by the constructive criticisms of the three anonymous reviewers. NR 122 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 11 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2211-9264 J9 ALGAL RES JI Algal Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 2 IS 1 BP 66 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.algal.2012.11.001 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 226RW UT WOS:000325054700010 ER PT J AU Xiong, X Barnet, C Maddy, ES Gambacorta, A King, TS Wofsy, SC AF Xiong, X. Barnet, C. Maddy, E. S. Gambacorta, A. King, T. S. Wofsy, S. C. TI Mid-upper tropospheric methane retrieval from IASI and its validation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; VERTICAL RESOLUTION; MODEL SIMULATIONS; CH4; SATELLITE; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; PROFILES; SOUNDER AB Mid-upper tropospheric methane (CH4), as an operational product at NOAA's (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS), has been retrieved from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) since 2008. This paper provides a description of the retrieval method and the validation using 596 CH4 vertical profiles from aircraft measurements by the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) program over the Pacific Ocean. The number of degrees of freedom for the CH4 retrieval is mostly less than 1.5, and it decreases under cloudy conditions. The retrievals show greatest sensitivity between 100-600 hPa in the tropics and 200-750 hPa in the mid-to high latitude. Validation is accomplished using aircraft measurements (convolved by applying the monthly mean averaging kernels) collocated with all the retrieved profiles within 200 km and on the same day, and the results show that, on average, a larger error of CH4 occurs at 300-500 hPa. The bias in the trapezoid of 374-477 hPa is -1.74% with a residual standard deviation of 1.20%, and at layer 596-753 hPa the bias is -0.69% with a residual standard deviation of 1.07 %. The retrieval error is relatively larger in the high northern latitude regions and/or under cloudy conditions. The main reasons for this negative bias include the uncertainty in the spectroscopy near the methane Q branch and/or the empirical bias correction, plus residual cloud contamination in the cloud-cleared radiances. It is expected for NOAA to generate the CH4 product for 20 + years using a similar algorithm from three similar thermal infrared sensors: Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), IASI and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). Such a unique product will provide a supplementary to the current ground-based observation network, particularly in the Arctic, for monitoring the CH4 cycle, its transport and trend associated with climate change. C1 [Xiong, X.; Gambacorta, A.; King, T. S.] IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. [Xiong, X.; Gambacorta, A.; King, T. S.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Xiong, X.; Barnet, C.; Maddy, E. S.; Gambacorta, A.; King, T. S.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Maddy, E. S.] Sci & Technol Corp, Langley, VA USA. [Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Xiong, X (reprint author), IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. EM xiaozhen.xiong@noaa.gov RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132 FU NOAA Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) program FX This research was supported by funding from NOAA Product System Development and Implementation (PSDI) program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 9 BP 2255 EP 2265 DI 10.5194/amt-6-2255-2013 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229SB UT WOS:000325286500002 ER PT J AU Cadeddu, MP Liljegren, JC Turner, DD AF Cadeddu, M. P. Liljegren, J. C. Turner, D. D. TI The Atmospheric radiation measurement (ARM) program network of microwave radiometers: instrumentation, data, and retrievals SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD LIQUID WATER; INTENSIVE OBSERVATION PERIODS; MILLIMETER-WAVE; VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; NORTH SLOPE; PATH; TEMPERATURE; MODEL; PERMITTIVITY; RADIOSONDES AB The Climate Research Facility of the US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program operates a network of ground-based microwave radiometers. Data and retrievals from these instruments have been available to the scientific community for almost 20 yr. In the past five years the network has expanded to include a total of 22 microwave radiometers deployed in various locations around the world. The new instruments cover a frequency range between 22 and 197 GHz and are consistently and automatically calibrated. The latest addition to the network is a new generation of three-channel radiometers, currently in the early stage of deployment at all ARM sites. The network has been specifically designed to achieve increased accuracy in the retrieval of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and cloud liquid water path (LWP) with the long-term goal of providing the scientific community with reliable, calibrated radiometric data and retrievals of important geophysical quantities with well-characterized uncertainties. The radiometers provide high-quality, continuous datasets that can be utilized in a wealth of applications and scientific studies. This paper presents an overview of the microwave instrumentation, calibration procedures, data, and retrievals that are available for download from the ARM data archive. C1 [Cadeddu, M. P.; Liljegren, J. C.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Cadeddu, MP (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mcadeddu@anl.gov FU US Dept. of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Atmospheric System Research (ASR) grants [DE-SC0006898, DE-SC0008830]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division; US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This work was supported by the US Dept. of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357.; D. D. Turner was supported by Atmospheric System Research (ASR) grants DE-SC0006898 and DE-SC0008830.; Data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Environmental Sciences Division.; The submitted manuscript has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ("Argonne"). Argonne, a US Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government. NR 50 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 9 BP 2359 EP 2372 DI 10.5194/amt-6-2359-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 229SB UT WOS:000325286500010 ER PT J AU Manning, LM Peterson, CH Fegley, SR AF Manning, Lisa M. Peterson, Charles H. Fegley, Stephen R. TI DEGRADATION OF SURF-FISH FORAGING HABITAT DRIVEN BY PERSISTENT SEDIMENTOLOGICAL MODIFICATIONS CAUSED BY BEACH NOURISHMENT SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SANDY BEACH; GRAIN-SIZE; COMMUNITIES; IMPACTS; ECOLOGY; MACROFAUNA; ECOSYSTEMS; SHOREBIRDS; BIVALVES; PATTERNS AB Novel wave-tank mesocosms allowed hydrodynamically realistic tests of how sediment modifications affect feeding by a surf fish, Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, 1766). Pompano demonstrated visually based selection, preferentially preying on bean clams, Donax variabilis Say, 1822, colored in contrast with background. Pompano often took shell into their mouths instead of live bean clams. Sediments of nourished Bogue Banks (North Carolina) beaches exhibited >2.5-yr persistence of elevated coarse shell content at levels that suppressed pompano feeding in wave tanks. Elevated turbidity 4-8 mo after nourishment indicated that wave-induced erosion of buried fine sediments in sacrificial beach fill resulted in repeated turbidity events, reaching levels that in wave tanks reduced pompano feeding on Donax and mole crabs, Emerita talpoida (Say, 1817). Burial speeds of these prey in the beach swash zone were progressively reduced by increasing shell concentrations. Reduced burial rates reduce feeding opportunity and expose these mobile invertebrates to greater risk of wave transport out of the swash-zone habitat. Sampling six beaches revealed that density of Donax decreased linearly with increasing sediment size and shell concentration. Beyond the immediate mass mortality of invertebrate prey caused by >1 m of sediment deposition during beach filling, coarse shell fragments and other large particles persist as a press disturbance for years after the nourishment ends, and elevated silts/clays can become resuspended by erosive wind events in repeated pulse disturbances for at least months afterward, in each case reflecting demonstrable long-term degradation of sandy-beach foraging habitat for surf fish. C1 [Manning, Lisa M.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Peterson, Charles H.; Fegley, Stephen R.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Peterson, CH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, 3431 Arendell St, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM cpeters@email.unc.edu FU North Carolina Sea Grant Mini-grants; North Carolina Fisheries Resource Grant; US Department of Defense FX Financial support was provided by North Carolina Sea Grant Mini-grants and a North Carolina Fisheries Resource Grant. We also acknowledge the DCERP environmental funding program of the US Department of Defense, which allowed us to prepare this paper for publication. G Johnson and L D'Anna helped conduct sediment sampling and process samples on Bogue Banks beaches and maintain databases. C Tallent, T Riley, J Grabowski, and H Summerson provided field and laboratory assistance. Reviews by O Defeo and an anonymous reviewer improved the manuscript. We appreciate encouragement from and the support of FC Coleman and the Mote Fisheries Symposia. AB Thistle provided exceptional editorial guidance. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 32 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 89 IS 1 BP 83 EP 106 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1005 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 229ZL UT WOS:000325306300006 ER PT J AU Link, JS Auster, PJ AF Link, Jason S. Auster, Peter J. TI THE CHALLENGES OF EVALUATING COMPETITION AMONG MARINE FISHES: WHO CARES, WHEN DOES IT MATTER, AND WHAT CAN ONE DO ABOUT IT? SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GEORGES-BANK REGION; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; INTER-TIDAL COMMUNITY; US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; INTERACTION STRENGTHS; CENSUS-DATA; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; FOOD WEBS AB Among species interactions, competition is obviously more nuanced to investigate than predation. Certainly there have been copious, seminal works on competition in marine and freshwater ecosystems, most often on research executed at smaller ecological scales such as rocky intertidal zones, coral reefs, or littoral zones, and often involving experimental manipulation. Such studies have typically emphasized organisms with relatively high site fidelity, and all have focused primarily at the individual level. Here we springboard from those studies to explore competition among marine fishes at broader spatiotemporal scales, scales at which fish populations are distributed, scales at which their associated fisheries operate and are managed, and as observed under ambient (i.e., nonexperimental) system dynamics. Inferring that competition might be occurring among marine fishes requires four conditions: opposite population trajectories, high spatiotemporal overlap, high dietary overlap, and some indication of resource limitation. We used those criteria to examine cases of species pairings from the Northeast United States Large Marine Ecosystem to ascertain if there are broadly applicable rules of thumb to determine when competition might be a significant consideration. We assert that such rules exist, and where competition is strongly suspected, we provide an empirically based method of calculating first-order, model-free interaction terms that can scope the potential magnitude of competitive effects. We do so very much cognizant of several caveats and theoretical considerations; but our main premise is that estimating and evaluating competition for marine fishes from extant, commonly available data is feasible, is highly germane, and has many valuable applications for multispecies and ecosystem models as we move toward ecosystem-based fisheries management. C1 [Link, Jason S.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Sea Res Fdn Myst Aquarium, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Jason.Link@noaa.gov FU NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; National Marine Sanctuary Foundation; Florida State University FX We thank the organizers, especially PC Coleman, of the Mote Symposium on Species Interactions for inviting us to contribute this work and its associated keynote presentation. The feedback and discussions at the symposium provided friendly critiques and afforded us not only an opportunity to evaluate the ideas presented herein, but also an impetus to capture and document those ideas more formally, ideas which we have been discussing for nearly a decade. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. We thank those personnel and volunteers at the NEFSC for maintaining and updating what truly are some of the world's most extensive and valuable fisheries-independent data sets. PJA was supported by NOAA Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation as well as Florida State University while there as the William R. and Lenore Mote Eminent Scholar in Fisheries Ecology in the Department of Biological Science. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NOAA, the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation, Florida State University, or their subagencies. NR 139 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 89 IS 1 BP 213 EP 247 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1121 PG 35 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 229ZL UT WOS:000325306300012 ER PT J AU Auster, PJ Kracker, L Price, V Heupel, E McFall, G Grenda, D AF Auster, Peter J. Kracker, Laura Price, Victoria Heupel, Eric McFall, Greg Grenda, David TI BEHAVIOR WEBS OF PISCIVORES AT SUBTROPICAL LIVE-BOTTOM REEFS SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; SPHYRAENA-BARRACUDA; FLORIDA-KEYS; FISH; ASSOCIATIONS; COMMUNITIES; PREDATION; PREY; CONSERVATION; SEABIRDS AB Direct visual and acoustic observations at subtropical reefs off the southeast United States and northeast Gulf of Mexico revealed a complex web of behavioral interactions within and between mid-water and demersal guilds of piscivorous fishes. While mixed-species groups of mid-water and demersal piscivores stalked and attacked common prey species independently, facilitative behaviors between mid-water and demersal piscivores were common in each region. In the latter case, prey reduced nearest neighbor distances and retreated toward the seafloor during predatory attacks by mid-water fishes. Demersal fishes subsequently attacked and consumed prey in these ephemeral high density patches. Aggregations of fishes in other trophic guilds, unassociated with predation events, modified movements of prey fishes and provided camouflage for piscivores that occurred within and along the periphery of those aggregations. Demersal piscivores often assumed the role of mid-water piscivores when the abundance of mid-water piscivores was low and when demersal piscivores were larger than mid-water species. Young-of-the-year great barracuda, Sphyraena barracuda (Edwards, 1771), also assumed this role, generally when other piscivores were absent. Such behavioral interactions appear to be common in these communities. If predator-prey relationships are regularly facilitated by these types of mixed-species interactions, such facilitative behaviors may be important in terms of population processes (e.g., yielding increases in prey consumption with resultant increases in growth rate, and fecundity). A framework for testing such predictions provides a pathway for assessing the population consequences of such interactions. C1 [Auster, Peter J.; Price, Victoria; Heupel, Eric] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Sea Res Fdn Myst Aquarium, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Kracker, Laura] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Price, Victoria; Heupel, Eric] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Technol & Educ Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [McFall, Greg] NOAA, Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Grenda, David] Reef Environm Educ Fdn, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Auster, PJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM peter.auster@uconn.edu FU NOAA's Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary; Research Foundation of the University of Connecticut FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support to conduct work off the southeast US provided by NOAA's Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and the Research Foundation of the University of Connecticut. The captains and crews of the NOAA SHIP NANCY FOSTER and RV JOE FERGUSON provided exceptional support at sea. The fieldwork in the Gulf of Mexico was conducted while the senior author was at Florida State University as the William R and Lenore Mote Eminent Scholar Chair in Fisheries Ecology in the Department of Biological Science. A beta version of FoodWeb3D software was provided by RJ Williams, JA Dunne, and ND Martinez. C Stallings, R Ellis, K Kingon, and J Schellinger greatly aided fieldwork in the Gulf of Mexico. The comments of two anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NOAA, the University of Connecticut, Florida State University, Reef Environmental Education Foundation, or their sub-agencies. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 89 IS 1 BP 377 EP 396 DI 10.5343/bms.2011.1123 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 229ZL UT WOS:000325306300018 ER PT S AU Fatemi, FK Ravets, S Hoffman, JE Beadie, G Rolston, SL Orozco, LA AF Fatemi, Fredrik K. Ravets, Sylvain Hoffman, Jonathan E. Beadie, Guy Rolston, Steven L. Orozco, Luis A. BE Gluckstad, J Andrews, DL Galvez, EJ TI Higher order mode propagation in ultrathin optical fibers for atom traps SO COMPLEX LIGHT AND OPTICAL FORCES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Complex Light and Optical Forces VII part of Photonics West CY FEB 05-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nanofiber; fiber modes; tapered optical fiber ID NANOFIBER AB We have demonstrated efficient propagation of the first excited TE01, TM01, and HE21 modes in a nanofiber with a radius of 400 nm. As we decrease the taper angle from 4 mrad to 1 mrad, the propagation becomes more adiabatic and the transmission improves from 20% to 85%. We have also demonstrated that the choice of drawn fiber can have a significant impact on the propagation characteristics. C1 [Fatemi, Fredrik K.; Beadie, Guy] US Naval Acad, Opt Sci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ravets, Sylvain] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Inst Opt, Lab Charles Fabry, F-75700 Paris, France. [Ravets, Sylvain; Hoffman, Jonathan E.; Rolston, Steven L.; Orozco, Luis A.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fatemi, FK (reprint author), US Naval Acad, Opt Sci Div, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM fredrik.fatemi@nrl.navy.mil RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 FU ONR; ARO; DARPA; Fulbright Foundation; NSF through the PFC at JQI FX This work was funded by ONR, ARO, DARPA, the Fulbright Foundation, and the NSF through the PFC at JQI. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9406-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8637 AR 86370X DI 10.1117/12.2004429 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BHF25 UT WOS:000325227800020 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Qin, J Zhou, H Silver, RM AF Barnes, Bryan M. Qin, Jing Zhou, Hui Silver, Richard M. BE Postek, MT Orji, NG TI Quantitative microscope characterization for optical measurements with sub-nm parametric uncertainties SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors VII CY AUG 28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE scatterfield microscopy; tool characterization; critical dimension metrology; parametric fitting ID SCATTERFIELD MICROSCOPY; METROLOGY AB Recently, a new technique called Fourier normalization has enabled the parametric fitting of optical images with multiple or even a continuum of scattered spatial frequencies. Integral to the performance of this methodology is the characterization of the high magnification imaging microscope used in these experiments. Scatterfield microscopy techniques yield the necessary angular resolution required for determining the effects of the illumination and collection paths upon the electric field within the microscope. A multi-step characterization methodology is presented with experimental examples using a microscope operating at lambda = 450 nm. A prior scatterfield characterization technique for specular reflectors is reviewed and shown to be a special case of the newer generalized approach. Possible implications of this methodology for improved critical dimension measurements are assessed. C1 [Barnes, Bryan M.; Qin, Jing; Zhou, Hui; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.barnes@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9669-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8819 AR 88190E DI 10.1117/12.2027259 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BHG70 UT WOS:000325355300011 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. BE Postek, MT Orji, NG TI Nanomanufacturing Concerns about Measurements made in the SEM I: Imaging and its Measurement SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors VII CY AUG 28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; measurements; metrology; modeling; Monte Carlo; scanning electron microscope; SEM; standards ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENT; ACCELERATING VOLTAGE; METROLOGY AB The high resolution of the SEM is especially useful for qualitative and quantitative applications for both nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing. But, should users be concerned about the imaging and measurements made with this instrument? Perhaps one should or, at a minimum, understand some of the uncertainties associated with those measurements. It is likely that one of the first questions asked when the first scanning electron micrograph was ever taken was: " ... how big is that?" The quality of that answer has improved a great deal over the past few years, especially since SEMs are being used as a primary tool on semiconductor processing lines to monitor the manufacturing processes. These needs prompted a rapid evolution of the instrument and its capabilities. Over the past 20 years or so, instrument manufacturers, through this substantial semiconductor industry investment of research and development (R&D) money, have vastly improved the performance of these instruments. All users have benefitted from this investment, especially where metrology with an SEM is concerned. But, how good are these data? This presentation will discuss a sub-set of the most important aspects and larger issues associated with imaging and metrology with the SEM. Every user should know, and understand these issues before any critical quantitative work is attempted. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9669-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8819 AR 88190B DI 10.1117/12.2025578 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BHG70 UT WOS:000325355300009 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Purushotham, KP AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Purushotham, Kavuri P. BE Postek, MT Orji, NG TI Nanomanufacturing Concerns about Measurements made in the SEM II: Specimen Contamination SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors VII CY AUG 28, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; measurements; metrology; modelling; contamination; scanning electron microscope; SEM; standards; reference material ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; METROLOGY AB The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gone through a tremendous evolution to become a critical tool for many and diverse scientific and industrial applications. The improvements that have been made have significantly improved the overall SEM performance and have made the instrument far easier to operate. But, ease of operation also fosters operator complacency. In addition, the user friendliness has reduced the "apparent" need for more thorough operator training for using of these instruments. Therefore, this overall attitude has fostered the concept that the SEM is just another expensive digital camera or another peripheral device for a computer. Hence, a person using the instrument may be lulled into thinking that all of the potential pitfalls have been eliminated and they believe everything they see on the micrograph is always correct. But, this may not be the case. The first paper in this series, discussed some of the issues related to signal generation in the SEM, instrument calibration, electron beam interactions and the need for physics-based modelling to accurately understand the actual image formation mechanisms. All these were summed together in a discussion of how these issues effect measurements made with the instrument. This second paper, discusses another major issue confronting the microscopist: specimen contamination. Over the years, NIST has done a great deal of research into the issue of sample contamination and its removal and elimination and some of this work is reviewed and discussed here. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.; Purushotham, Kavuri P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9669-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8819 AR 88190F DI 10.1117/12.2027060 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BHG70 UT WOS:000325355300012 ER PT J AU Li, YC Kim, YS Shields, J Davis, R AF Li, Yu-Chin Kim, Yeon Seok Shields, John Davis, Rick TI Controlling polyurethane foam flammability and mechanical behaviour by tailoring the composition of clay-based multilayer nanocoatings SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID POLYELECTROLYTE MULTILAYER; POLY(ACRYLIC ACID); FILLED COATINGS; OXYGEN BARRIER; THIN-FILM; FLAME; ASSEMBLIES; POLYMERS; GROWTH; ADSORPTION AB This study is a thorough evaluation of clay-based Layer-by-Layer (LbL) coatings intended to reduce the flammability of polymeric materials. Through a systematic variation of a baseline coating recipe, an ideal combination of the coating attributes that provides a rapidly developing coating with an optimum balance of flammability, mechanical, and physical attributes on a complex 3D porous substrate, polyurethane foam (PUF) was identified. Using a unique trilayer (TL) assembly approach, the coating growth was significantly accelerated by the polymer (poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/branched polyethylenimine (BPEI)) concentration in the formulation. However, to significantly reduce flammability without compromising other performance attributes, the concentration of the nanoparticle fire retardant (nanoFR, clay) suspension was critical. This study has resulted in the most significant reduction in PUF flammability using LbL technology without compromising any of the mechanical or physical attributes of the PUF. More specifically, a reduction in the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and average heat release rate (aHRR) of 33% and 78%, respectively, has been achieved. This reduction in flammability is at least two times more effective than commercial fire retardants and other LbL FR coatings for PUF. The insights gained through this research are expected to accelerate the development of other LbL coatings regardless of the intended application. C1 [Li, Yu-Chin; Kim, Yeon Seok; Shields, John; Davis, Rick] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8655, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@gist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012 NR 43 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 11 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 41 BP 12987 EP 12997 DI 10.1039/c3ta11936j PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 231JP UT WOS:000325413000039 ER PT J AU Kearney, KA Stock, C Sarmiento, JL AF Kearney, Kelly A. Stock, Charles Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI Amplification and attenuation of increased primary production in a marine food web SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE End-to-end model; Trophic efficiency; Primary production; Food web; Subarctic Pacific Ocean; Ecosystem model ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; IRON-ENRICHMENT; FISH PRODUCTION; MODELS; FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN; POPULATION; PREDATION AB We used an end-to-end ecosystem model that incorporates physics, biogeochemistry, and predator-prey dynamics for the Eastern Subarctic Pacific ecosystem to investigate the factors controlling propagation of changes in primary production to higher trophic levels. We found that lower trophic levels respond to increased primary production in unexpected ways due to complex predatory interactions, with small phytoplankton increasing more than large phytoplankton due to relief from predation by microzooplankton, which are kept in check by the more abundant mesozooplankton. We also found that the propagation of production to upper trophic levels depends critically on how non-predatory mortality is structured in the model, with much greater propagation occurring with linear mortality and much less with quadratic mortality, both of which functional forms are in common use in eco-system models. We used an ensemble simulation approach to examine how uncertainties in model parameters affect these results. When considering the full range of potential responses to enhanced productivity, the effect of uncertainties related to the functional form of non-predatory mortality was often masked by uncertainties in the food-web parameterization. The predicted responses of several commercially important species, however, were significantly altered by non-predatory mortality assumptions. C1 [Kearney, Kelly A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Stock, Charles] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kearney, KA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kkearney@rsmas.miami.edu RI Kearney, Kelly/A-8673-2014; OI Kearney, Kelly/0000-0002-6152-5236; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 FU NOAA Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship Program; NF-UBC Nereus Program; BP and Ford Motor Company through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University FX This work was partially supported by the NOAA Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship Program, the NF-UBC Nereus Program, and BP and Ford Motor Company through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University. Artwork for the food-web diagram was created by Eileen Kearney. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 491 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3354/meps10484 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 229QP UT WOS:000325282500001 ER PT J AU Avens, L Goshe, LR Pajuelo, M Bjorndal, KA MacDonald, BD Lemons, GE Bolten, AB Seminoff, JA AF Avens, Larisa Goshe, Lisa R. Pajuelo, Mariela Bjorndal, Karen A. MacDonald, Bradley D. Lemons, Garrett E. Bolten, Alan B. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Complementary skeletochronology and stable isotope analyses offer new insight into juvenile loggerhead sea turtle oceanic stage duration and growth dynamics SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; Age; Skeletal growth marks; Life history; Ontogenetic habitat shift ID ONTOGENIC HABITAT SHIFTS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CARETTA-CARETTA; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; LIFE-HISTORY; BONE-COLLAGEN; RATES; AGE; ECOLOGY AB Stage durations are integral to wildlife population models that can inform management, as they influence age at maturation and stage-specific survival rates. To refine oceanic stage duration estimates for western North Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta, skeletochronological analysis was conducted on humeri collected in the Azores islands and along the US Atlantic coast. Complementary skeletal growth increment-specific stable isotope analysis was also performed for a sub-set of the humeri, to identify the skeletal growth mark associated with the shift from oceanic to neritic habitat through stable nitrogen isotope (delta N-15) values and the presence of turtles in inshore waters. Although the transitional growth mark in this sub-sample corresponded to a range of sizes similar to those described in previous studies, mean size at recruitment (55.3 cm straightline carapace length [SCL]) for these turtles was larger than previously estimated. Similarly, while the range of ages at recruitment-corresponding both with the transitional growth mark and those yielded by fitting smoothing splines to SCL-at-age data-overlapped almost fully with earlier estimates, the mean age estimate (12.4 yr) differed from previous studies. Validated back-calculation of somatic growth rates from skeletal growth marks yielded means and ranges that encompassed those of previous loggerhead growth studies in this geographic area. Generalized additive models and generalized additive mixed models used to assess the potential influence of discrete and continuous covariates on back-calculated growth rates spanning 1984 to 2009 indicated significant effects of age, SCL, calendar year, and delta N-15, but none for sex or location. C1 [Avens, Larisa; Goshe, Lisa R.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Pajuelo, Mariela; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Archie Carr Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Pajuelo, Mariela; Bjorndal, Karen A.; Bolten, Alan B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [MacDonald, Bradley D.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lemons, Garrett E.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92115 USA. RP Avens, L (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM larisa.avens@noaa.gov OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) through the Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (AMAPPS) FX We are grateful for the sample collection conducted by participants in the National Sea Turtle Stranding and Salvage Network (see Supplement 2 at www.int-res.com/articles/suppl/m491p235_supp.pdf for the full list); without their assistance this work would not have been possible. Thanks also to P. Eliazar, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle Research, for providing contact information and tagging data for samples from tagged strandings and to J. Curtis, Stable Isotope Mass Spec Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville for assistance with stable isotope analysis. This study was funded in part by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) through the Atlantic Marine Assessment Program for Protected Species (AMAPPS) and conducted under USFWS permit number TE-676379-2 issued to the NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center. The research and manuscript were improved through discussions with and comments from N. Bacheler, A. Chester, S. Epperly, A. Hall, A. Hohn, P. Marraro, and M. Snover, as well as 3 anonymous reviewers. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 491 BP 235 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10454 PG 27 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 229QP UT WOS:000325282500018 ER PT S AU Koshka, Y Thirumalai, RVKG Krishnan, BK Levin, I Merrett, JN Davydov, AV AF Koshka, Yaroslav Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Krishnan, Bharat K. Levin, Igor Merrett, J. Neil Davydov, Albert V. BE Kobayashi, NP Talin, AA Davydov, AV Islam, MS TI Orientation, alignment, and polytype control in epitaxial growth of SiC nanowires for electronics application in harsh environments SO NANOEPITAXY: MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoepitaxy - Materials and Devices V CY AUG 25-27, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE silicon carbide; SiC; nanowires; epitaxial growth; chemical vapor deposition; CVD ID SILICON-CARBIDE NANOWIRES; LIQUID-SOLID GROWTH; STACKING-FAULTS; MESAS AB SiC nanowires (NWs) are attractive building blocks for the next generation electronic devices since silicon carbide is a wide bandgap semiconductor with high electrical breakdown strength, radiation resistance, mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, chemical stability and biocompatibility. Epitaxial growth using metal-catalyst-based vapor-liquid-solid mechanism was employed for SiC NW growth in this work. 4H-SiC substrates having different crystallographic orientations were used in order to control NW alignment and polytype. A new technique based on vapor-phase delivery of the metal catalyst was developed to facilitate control of the NW density. Both 4H and 3C polytypes with a strong stacking disorder were obtained. The 4H and 3C NWs had different orientations with respect to the substrate. 4H NWs grew perpendicular to the c-plane of the substrate. The stacking faults (SFs) in these nanowires were perpendicular to the [0001] nanowire axes. All 3C NWs grew at 20 degrees with respect to the substrate c-plane, and their projections on the c-plane corresponded to one of the six equivalent < 101-0 > crystallographic directions. All six orientations were obtained simultaneously when growing NWs on the (0001) substrate surface, while only one or two NW orientations were observed when growing NWs on any particular crystallographic plane parallel to the c-axis of the substrate. Growth on {101-0} surfaces resulted in only one NW orientation, thereby producing well-aligned NW arrays. Preliminary measurements of the NW electrical conductivity are reported utilizing two-terminal device geometry. C1 [Koshka, Yaroslav; Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat K.] Mississippi State Univ, Emerging Mat Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Levin, Igor; Davydov, Albert V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Emerging Mat Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM yKoshka@ece.msstate.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9670-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8820 AR 88200M DI 10.1117/12.2026938 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BHH36 UT WOS:000325420200006 ER PT B AU Coder, JB Golkowski, M Ladbury, J AF Coder, Jason B. Golkowski, Mark Ladbury, John GP IEEE TI A Lower Bound of Antenna Efficiency Based on the Two-Port Model: How Close is it? SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Coder, Jason B.; Ladbury, John] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Golkowski, Mark] Univ Colorado Denver, Dept Elect Engn, Denver, CO USA. RP Coder, JB (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5; 978-1-4673-4776-1 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400078 ER PT B AU Gordon, JA Novotny, DR Heilweil, EJ Lo, SZA Basta, NP Grossman, EN AF Gordon, Joshua A. Novotny, David R. Heilweil, Edwin J. Lo, Shu Zee A. Basta, Nina P. Grossman, Erich N. GP IEEE TI Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function of Statistically Known Samples Over 220-500 GHz using a Frequency Domain Based Scatterometer: Measurements and Phenomenology SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Gordon, Joshua A.; Novotny, David R.; Basta, Nina P.; Grossman, Erich N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.; Lo, Shu Zee A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gordon, JA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM josh.gordon@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5; 978-1-4673-4776-1 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400105 ER PT B AU Gutman, S Bock, Y Fang, P Moore, A Mahoney, J AF Gutman, Seth Bock, Yehuda Fang, Peng Moore, Angelyn Mahoney, Jennifer GP IEEE TI USING GROUND-BASED GNSS OBSERVATIONS TO IMPROVE AVIATION TURBULENCE MONITORING AND PREDICTION SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Gutman, Seth; Mahoney, Jennifer] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bock, Yehuda; Fang, Peng] Scripps Inst Oceanography UCSD, La Jolla, CA USA. [Moore, Angelyn] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Gutman, S (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5; 978-1-4673-4776-1 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400049 ER PT J AU Janssen, N Young, WF Holloway, CL Remley, KA AF Janssen, Nick Young, William F. Holloway, Christopher L. Remley, Kate A. GP IEEE TI A Investigation on the Correlation-Coefficient and Power Metrics for MIMO Antennas in a Reverberation Chamber SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Janssen, Nick; Young, William F.; Holloway, Christopher L.; Remley, Kate A.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Janssen, N (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM n.janssen@student.tue.nl; holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400077 ER PT B AU Mirkovic, D Zrnic, D Ryzhkov, A AF Mirkovic, Djordje Zrnic, Dusan Ryzhkov, Alexander GP IEEE TI Full wave EM calculation of polarimetric variables for the atmospheric scatterers with nonspheroidal shape SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Mirkovic, Djordje; Ryzhkov, Alexander] Univ Oklahoma CIMMS, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mirkovic, Djordje] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Mirkovic, D (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma CIMMS, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5; 978-1-4673-4776-1 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400044 ER PT J AU Novotny, DR Gordon, JA Coder, J Guerrieri, J AF Novotny, David R. Gordon, Joshua A. Coder, Jason Guerrieri, Jeffrey GP IEEE TI Near 4 pi Coverage of Mono-Static Radar Cross Section at 200 GHz Using a Spherical Antenna Measurement System SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Novotny, David R.; Gordon, Joshua A.; Coder, Jason; Guerrieri, Jeffrey] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Novotny, DR (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400104 ER PT B AU Radasky, WA Koepke, G AF Radasky, William A. Koepke, Galen GP IEEE TI Considerations of High Power Electromagnetics (HPEM) Transients with Respect to Smart Grid SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Radasky, William A.] Metatech Corp, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. [Koepke, Galen] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Radasky, WA (reprint author), Metatech Corp, Goleta, CA 93117 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5; 978-1-4673-4776-1 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400071 ER PT B AU Zavorotny, VU Valencia, E Akos, DM Camps, A AF Zavorotny, Valery U. Valencia, Enric Akos, Dennis M. Camps, Adriano GP IEEE TI Ocean Surface Wind Vector Measurements from High-Altitude Aircraft Using GPS Delay-Doppler Maps SO 2013 US NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING (USNC-URSI NRSM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT US-National-Committee-of-URSI National Radio Science Meeting CY JAN 09-12, 2013 CL Boulder, CO SP URSI, US Natl Comm C1 [Zavorotny, Valery U.; Valencia, Enric] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Valencia, Enric; Camps, Adriano] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Valencia, Enric; Camps, Adriano] IEEC CRAE, UPC, Barcelona, Spain. [Akos, Dennis M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zavorotny, VU (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RI Camps, Adriano/D-2592-2011 OI Camps, Adriano/0000-0002-9514-4992 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4778-5; 978-1-4673-4776-1 PY 2013 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BGZ24 UT WOS:000324678400051 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Nai, K Liu, S Karstens, C Smith, T Zhao, QY AF Xu, Qin Nai, Kang Liu, Shun Karstens, Chris Smith, Travis Zhao, Qingyun TI Improved Doppler Velocity Dealiasing for Radar Data Assimilation and Storm-Scale Vortex Detection SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DATA QUALITY-CONTROL AB The Doppler velocity dealiasing technique based on alias-robust VAD and variational (AR-Var) analyses developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory for radar data quality control and assimilation is further improved in its two-step procedures: the reference check in the first step and the continuity check in the second step. In the first step, the alias-robust variational analysis is modified adaptively and used in place of the alias-robust velocity-azimuth display (VAD) analysis for all scan modes (rather than solely theWSR-88D volume coverage pattern 31 with the Nyquist velocity V.. reduced below 12 m s(-1) and the TDWR Mod80 with nu(N). reduced below 15 m s(-1)), so more raw data can pass the stringent threshold conditions used by the reference check in the first step. This improves the dealiased data coverage without false dealiasing to better satisfy the high data quality standard required by radar data assimilation. In the second step, new procedures are designed and added to the continuity check to increase the dealiased data coverage over storm-scale areas threatened by intense mesocyclones and their generated tornados. The performances of the improved dealiasing technique versus the existing techniques are exemplified by the results obtained for tornadic storms scanned by the operational KTLX radar in Oklahoma. C1 [Xu, Qin; Karstens, Chris; Smith, Travis] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Nai, Kang; Karstens, Chris; Smith, Travis] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Liu, Shun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Shun] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhao, Qingyun] Naval Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU NCEP-NSSL radar data QC project; ONR [N000141010778]; DOC/NOAA/OAR [NA17RJ1227] FX The authors are thankful to Dr. David Stensrud and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the representation of the results. This research was supported by the NCEP-NSSL radar data QC project and the ONR Grant N000141010778 to the University of Oklahoma (OU). Funding was also provided by DOC/NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 562386 DI 10.1155/2013/562386 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 221ZN UT WOS:000324699700001 ER PT J AU Robertson, JWF AF Robertson, Joseph W. F. BE Edel, JB Albrecht, T TI Biological Pores on Lipid Bilayers SO ENGINEERED NANOPORES FOR BIOANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS SE Micro & Nano Technologies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ION-CHANNEL RECORDINGS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; MOLECULE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ESCHERICHIA-COLI HEMOLYSIN; ANTHRAX PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; H-1-C-13 NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; RESISTIVE-PULSE TECHNIQUE; GLASS NANOPORE MEMBRANES; MALATE-SYNTHASE-G; SOLID-STATE NMR C1 NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Robertson, JWF (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 161 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILLIAM ANDREW INC PI NORWICH PA 13 EATON AVE, NORWICH, NY 13815 USA BN 978-1-4377-3474-4 J9 MICRO NANO TECHNOL PY 2013 BP 95 EP 119 PG 25 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHA51 UT WOS:000324821200005 ER PT J AU Shuchman, R Leshkevich, G AF Shuchman, Robert Leshkevich, George TI Foreword for Special Issue of JGLR on Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shuchman, Robert] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Shuchman, R (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Ct,Ste 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM shuchman@mtu.edu; George.Leshkevich@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2013 VL 39 SU 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.07.001 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WP UT WOS:000324843500001 ER PT J AU Colton, MC AF Colton, Marie C. TI Developing a Great Lakes remote sensing community SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Colton, MC (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Marie.Colton@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2013 VL 39 SU 1 SI SI BP 6 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.07.002 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WP UT WOS:000324843500003 ER PT J AU Shuchman, RA Leshkevich, G Sayers, MJ Johengen, TH Brooks, CN Pozdnyakov, D AF Shuchman, Robert A. Leshkevich, George Sayers, Michael J. Johengen, Thomas H. Brooks, Colin N. Pozdnyakov, Dmitry TI An algorithm to retrieve chlorophyll, dissolved organic carbon, and suspended minerals from Great Lakes satellite data SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Chlorophyll; Remote sensing; Great Lakes; MODIS, MERIS; SeaWiFS; Water color ID OCEAN COLOR ALGORITHMS; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; SCANNER IMAGERY; SEAWIFS; WATERS; MICHIGAN; ERIE; SUPERIOR; COASTAL AB An algorithm that utilizes individual lake hydro-optical (HO) models has been developed for the Great Lakes that uses SeaWiFS, MODIS, or MERIS satellite data to estimate concentrations of chlorophyll, dissolved organic carbon, and suspended minerals. The Color Producing Agent Algorithm (CPA-A) uses a specific HO model for each lake. The HO models provide absorption functions for the Color Producing Agents (CPAs) (chlorophyll (chl), colored dissolved organic matter (as dissolved organic carbon, doc), and suspended minerals (sm)) as well as backscatter for the chlorophyll, and suspended mineral parameters. These models were generated using simultaneous optical data collected with in situ measurements of CPAs collected during research cruises in the Great Lakes using regression analysis as well as using specific absorption and backscatter coefficients at specific chl, doc, and sm concentrations. A single average HO model for the Great Lakes was found to generate insufficiently accurate concentrations for Lakes Michigan, Erie, Superior and Huron. These new individual lake retrievals were evaluated with respect to EPA in situ field observations, as well as compared to the widely used OC3 MODIS retrieval. The new algorithm retrievals provided slightly more accurate chl values for Lakes Michigan, Superior, Huron, and Ontario than those obtained using the OC3 approach as well as providing additional concentration information on doc and sm. The CPA-A chl retrieval for Lake Erie is quite robust, producing reliable chl values in the reported EPA concentration ranges. Atmospheric correction approaches were also evaluated in this study. (C) 2013 International Association for Great lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shuchman, Robert A.; Sayers, Michael J.; Brooks, Colin N.] Michigan Technol Univ, MTRI, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Pozdnyakov, Dmitry] NIERSC, Business Ctr Preobrazhensky, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. RP Shuchman, RA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, MTRI, 3600 Green Ct,Ste 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM shuchman@mtu.edu; george.leshkevich@noaa.gov; mjsayers@mtu.edu; tom.johengen@noaa.gov; colin.brooks@mtu.edu; dmitry.pozdnyakov@niersc.spb.ru FU NASA [NNX09AU88G]; GLOS Remote Sensing Grant Award [NA070AR4320006] FX This investigation was supported by NASA Roses Grant # NNX09AU88G. The NASA technical monitor is Dr. Jared Entin. The development of the CPA-A code was supported under a GLOS Remote Sensing Grant Award NA070AR4320006 (CRDA no. 11.432. CILER under # 3001278616). Drs. Jennifer Read and Thomas Johengen were the GLOS and CILER technical monitors. We would like to thank Nathaniel Jesse, MTRI research assistant, and William Papineau, MTRI student intern, for the support they provided in analyzing the satellite data and acquiring the EPA in situ measurements. We would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and feedback. This is Contribution No. 85 of the Michigan Tech Research Institute (MTRI) at Michigan Technological University. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2013 VL 39 SU 1 SI SI BP 14 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.06.017 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WP UT WOS:000324843500005 ER PT J AU Shuchman, RA Sayers, M Fahnenstiel, GL Leshkevich, G AF Shuchman, Robert A. Sayers, Michael Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Leshkevich, George TI A model for determining satellite-derived primary productivity estimates for Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Primary productivity; Remote sensing; MODIS; Lake Michigan; Chlorophyll ID PHYTOPLANKTON PHOTOSYNTHESIS; OCEAN COLOR; SEAWIFS; GROWTH; HURON; EVENT AB A new MODIS based satellite algorithm to estimate primary production (PP) has been generated and evaluated for Lake Michigan. The Great Lakes Primary Productivity Model (GLPPM) is based on previous models that required extensive in situ data but it can utilize remotely sensed observations as input for some model variables and therefore allows greater spatial resolution for primary productivity estimates. The Color Producing Agent Algorithm (CPA-A) is utilized to obtain robust chlorophyll a values and the NASA KD2M approach is used to obtain the diffuse attenuation coefficient (K-d). Only incident PAR and carbon fixation rates are additionally needed to generate the primary productivity estimate. Comparisons of the satellite derived PP estimates from single monthly images to average monthly field measurements made by NOAA/GLERL found good agreement between estimates. Satellite derived PP estimates were used to estimate a preliminary Lake Michigan annual primary production of 8.5 Tg C/year. The new algorithm can be easily adapted to work on all the Great Lakes and therefore can be used to generate time series dating back to late 1997 (launch of SeaWiFs). These time series can contribute to improved assessment of Great Lakes primary productivity changes as a result of biological events, such as Dreissenid mussel invasions, climatic change and anthropogenic forcing. (C) 2013 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shuchman, Robert A.; Sayers, Michael; Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Shuchman, RA (reprint author), Michigan Technol Univ, Michigan Tech Res Inst, 3600 Green Ct,Ste 100, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM shuchman@mtu.edu; mjsayers@mtu.edu; glfahnen@mtu.edu; george.leshkevich@noaa.gov FU Great Lakes Observing System (GLOS) [NA070AR4320006]; NASA [NNX12AP94G]; [3001278616] FX The MTRI portion of this investigation was funded by the Great Lakes Observing System (GLOS) under a GLOS remote sensing grant award NA070AR4320006 CRDA NO. 11.432 as well as NASA Carbon Monitoring grant NNX12AP94G.; The contracting agent for the GLOS grant was CILER (contract # 3001278616). The GLOS and CILER technical monitors are Drs. Jennifer Read and Thomas Johengen. The NASA technical monitor is Dr. Diane Wickland. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2013 VL 39 SU 1 SI SI BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.05.001 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WP UT WOS:000324843500007 ER PT J AU Leshkevich, G Nghiem, SV AF Leshkevich, George Nghiem, Son V. TI Great Lakes ice classification using satellite C-band SAR multi-polarization data SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes; Ice type classification; Satellite; Synthetic aperture radar (SAR); C-Band; Multi-polarization ID ST-CLAIR RIVER; COVER; MICHIGAN; IMPACTS; ERIE AB The objective of this study is to advance development of algorithms to classify and map ice cover on the Laurentian Great Lakes using satellite C-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) multi-polarization data. During the 1997 winter season, shipborne polarimetric backscatter measurements of Great lakes ice types, using the Jet Propulsion laboratory C-band scatterometer, were acquired together with surface-based ice physical characterization measurements and environmental parameters, concurrently with European Remote Sensing Satellite 2 (ERS-2) and RADARSAT-1 SAR data. This fully polarimetric dataset, composed of over 20 variations of different ice types measured at incidence angles from 0 degrees to 60 degrees for all polarizations, was processed and fully calibrated to obtain radar backscatter, establishing a library of signatures for different ice types. Computer analyses of calibrated ERS-2 and RADARSAT ScanSAR images of Great Lakes ice cover using the library in a supervised classification technique indicate that different ice types in the ice cover can be identified and mapped, but that wind speed and direction can cause misclassification of open water as ice based on single frequency, single polarization data. Using RADARSAT-2 quad-pol and ENVISAT ASAR dual-pol data obtained for lake Superior during the 2009 and 2011 winter seasons, algorithms were developed for small incidence angle (<35 degrees) and large incidence angle (>35 degrees) SAR images and applied to map ice and open water. Ice types were subsequently classified using the library of backscatter signatures. Ice-type maps provide important input for environmental management, ice-breaking operations, ice forecasting and modeling, and climate change studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Leshkevich, George] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Nghiem, Son V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Nghiem, Son V.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Leshkevich, G (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 4840 South State Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM George.Leshkevich@noaa.gov; svnghiem@ucla.edu FU NOM; NOAA; European Space Agency (ESA) FX The research carried out at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) and the Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering (JIFRESSE) of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) is supported by NOM. The C-band polarimetric radar measurements were jointly carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology together with GLERL, under the sponsor of NOAA through an agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We thank the U.S. Coast Guard for providing icebreaker support for the measurements and in situ data collection. RADARSAT-2 data were provided by the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) through the SOAR Program, and ENVISAT ASAR data was provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) through a research grant. We thank Songzhi Liu, Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research (CILER) for programming assistance and Lacey Mason, University of Michigan for GIS support. GLERL Contribution No. 1669. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2013 VL 39 SU 1 SI SI BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2013.05.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WP UT WOS:000324843500008 ER PT J AU Wynne, TT Stumpf, RP Tomlinson, MC Fahnenstiel, GL Dyble, J Schwab, DJ Joshi, SJ AF Wynne, Timothy T. Stumpf, Richard P. Tomlinson, Michelle C. Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Dyble, Julianne Schwab, David J. Joshi, Sonia Joseph TI Evolution of a cyanobacterial bloom forecast system in western Lake Erie: Development and initial evaluation SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Cyanobacteria; Ecological forecasting; Lake Erie; Microcystis; Optics ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; OCEAN COLOR IMAGERY; SAGINAW BAY; ALGAL BLOOMS; GREAT-LAKES; PHYTOPLANKTON; HURON; MICROCYSTINS; SEA AB In the summer of 2008 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration began monitoring cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Erie using high temporal resolution satellite imagery. In 2009, a forecast of bloom transport was also developed using a hydrodynamic model to forecast the trajectory of the bloom. These forecasts have been disseminated from 2008 to the present in the form of a bulletin which is emailed to local managers, health departments, researchers and other stakeholders. The number of bulletins issued each year, as well as the number of subscribers that receive the weekly bulletins, has increased significantly every year that the system has been in place. This manuscript discusses results from the first 3 years that the forecasts were distributed (2008-2010), describes the components of the forecasts, and will conclude with possible improvements that could be made to the forecast system. Harmful algal blooms of the genus Microcystis were found in all 3 years, and the development of these blooms was associated with water temperatures >18 degrees C and wind stresses <0.04 Pa. Wind stresses >0.1 Pa were associated with bloom dispersement as were temperatures <18 degrees C. The present forecasting system was deemed adequate, but improvements in the use of additional remote sensing products and post-processing would yield a more accurate forecast. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of International Association for Great Lakes Research. C1 [Wynne, Timothy T.; Stumpf, Richard P.; Tomlinson, Michelle C.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Dyble, Julianne; Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Joshi, Sonia Joseph] NOAA, Michigan Sea Grant Extens NOAA Ctr Excellence Gre, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Wynne, TT (reprint author), 1305 Eat West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM timothy.wynne@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health; National Center for Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NASA [NNH08ZDA001N, NNH09AL53I] FX MERIS imagery was provided by the European Space Agency (Category-1 Proposal C1P.9975). Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human Health, the National Center for Environmental Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the NASA Applied Science Program announcement NNH08ZDA001N under contract NNH09AL53I. The authors would like to thank Phil Keegstra and Lita Katz for assistance in processing data. The authors would like to thank Tom Bridgeman for invaluable communication throughout the years. NR 36 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2013 VL 39 SU 1 SI SI BP 90 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2012.10.003 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223WP UT WOS:000324843500011 ER PT J AU Baker, R Fry, B Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Baker, Ronald Fry, Brian Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. TI Hydrodynamic regulation of salt marsh contributions to aquatic food webs SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Stable isotope; Nursery function; Essential fish habitat; Trophic dynamics; Hydroecology; Tidal wetlands ID SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS-SETIFERUS; STABLE-ISOTOPE ANALYSES; CORDGRASS SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; REED PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; CRABS CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; PENAEUS-AZTECUS IVES; ORGANIC-MATTER FLOW; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; BROWN SHRIMP; WHITE SHRIMP AB Vegetated salt marsh habitats are widely considered critical for supporting many species of nekton, yet direct evidence of the processes controlling marsh habitat use for most species remains elusive. We related salt marsh flooding patterns and nekton trophic dynamics among 14 sites spanning 2500 km across the northern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and southern Atlantic coasts of the USA. Functional access for nekton to marsh vegetation (edge flooded to >= 5 cm depth) ranged from <40% of the time at some central GoM sites to >90% access in the western GoM and Pamlico Sound. Food web mixing models based on stable isotope analysis show that the importance of Spartina trophic support for common nekton may be regulated by the duration of marsh surface flooding. In particular, the potential contribution of Spartina production was positively related to indices of marsh surface flooding for brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, small (<= 60 mm carapace width) blue crabs Callinectes sapidus, grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio, and killifish Fundulus heteroclitus/grandis. The value of Spartina salt marsh production to several common species of nekton appears to depend, at least in part, on direct access to the vegetated marsh surface, which is regulated by hydrodynamics. Hence, the substantial geographic and temporal variability in marsh flooding regulates the functional roles and value of these tidal wetlands for aquatic organisms. C1 [Baker, Ronald; Minello, Thomas J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Baker, Ronald] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Ctr Trop Water & Aquat Ecosyst Res, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Baker, Ronald] James Cook Univ, CSIRO Land & Water, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Fry, Brian] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Rozas, Lawrence P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Baker, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SEFSC, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM ronald.baker@jcu.edu.au RI Baker, Ronald/J-9060-2014; TropWATER, Research ID/P-1401-2014 OI Baker, Ronald/0000-0001-8408-0324; FU Southeast Regional Habitat Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA Galveston Laboratory FX We thank K. Galvan, K. Abrantes, and 3 anonymous reviewers for comments and advice that greatly improved this manuscript; S. Hillen (NOAA Galveston) for preparing samples for isotope analysis; and P. Caldwell (NOAA Galveston) for producing Fig. 1. This research was partially supported by funding from M. Croom and the Southeast Regional Habitat Office of the National Marine Fisheries Service. This research was performed while R. B. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the NOAA Galveston Laboratory. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 88 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 490 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.3354/meps10442 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 219ZN UT WOS:000324550600004 ER PT J AU Baumgartner, MF Lysiak, NSJ Esch, HC Zerbini, AN Berchok, CL Clapham, PJ AF Baumgartner, Mark F. Lysiak, Nadine S. J. Esch, H. Carter Zerbini, Alexandre N. Berchok, Catherine L. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Associations between North Pacific right whales and their zooplanktonic prey in the southeastern Bering Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eubalaena japonica; Right whale; Calanus marshallae; Calanus glacialis; Bering Sea; Baleen whale; Resuspension; Phytodetritus ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; EUBALAENA-JAPONICA; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; CHUKCHI SEAS; SHELF; ABUNDANCE; COPEPOD; BIOMASS; GULF AB Due to the seriously endangered status of North Pacific right whales Eubalaena japonica, an improved understanding of the environmental factors that influence the species' distribution and occurrence is needed to better assess the effects of climate change and industrial activities on the population. Associations among right whales, zooplankton, and the physical environment were examined in the southeastern Bering Sea during the summers of 2008 and 2009. Sampling with nets, an optical plankton counter, and a video plankton recorder in proximity to whales as well as along cross-isobath surveys indicated that the copepod Calanus marshallae is the primary prey of right whales in this region. Acoustic detections of right whales from sonobuoys deployed during the cross-isobath surveys were strongly associated with C. marshallae abundance, and peak abundance estimates of C. marshallae in 2.5 m depth strata near a tagged right whale ranged as high as 10(6) copepods m(-3). The smaller Pseudocalanus spp. was higher in abundance than C. marshallae in proximity to right whales, but significantly lower in biomass. High concentrations of C. marshallae occurred in both the surface and bottom layers of the highly stratified water column, but there was no evidence of diel vertical migration. Instead, occurrence of C. marshallae in the bottom layer was associated with elevated near-bottom light attenuance and chlorophyll fluorescence, suggesting C. marshallae may aggregate at depth while feeding on resuspended phytodetritus. Despite the occasional presence of strong horizontal gradients in hydrographic properties, no association was found between C. marshallae and either fronts or phytoplankton distribution. C1 [Baumgartner, Mark F.; Lysiak, Nadine S. J.; Esch, H. Carter] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Berchok, Catherine L.; Clapham, Phillip J.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Baumgartner, MF (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MS 33, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mbaumgartner@whoi.edu RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 FU Bureau of Ocean Energy Management [M07RG13267 (AKC 063)]; US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as part of the MMS Alaska Environmental Studies Program FX We are grateful for assistance at sea and in the lab by B. Adams, J. Crance, A. Kennedy, D. Ljungblad, S. Mussoline, D. Reeb, F. Scattorin, S. Yin, and the late Captain Atle Remme and his outstanding crew. We are indebted to J. Leonard, T. Yost, T. Mequet, and R. Brake for providing us with surplus sonobuoys. The Atlantic Reference Centre in New Brunswick, Canada enumerated all zooplankton samples. Three anonymous reviewers provided helpful criticisms that improved the clarity and organization of the paper. This study was funded by the US Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (MMS; now Bureau of Ocean Energy Management), through Inter-agency Agreement No. M07RG13267 (AKC 063) with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), as part of the MMS Alaska Environmental Studies Program. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 40 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 490 BP 267 EP 284 DI 10.3354/meps10457 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 219ZN UT WOS:000324550600021 ER PT J AU Semmens, BX Ward, EJ Parnell, AC Phillips, DL Bearhop, S Inger, R Jackson, A Moore, JW AF Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. Parnell, Andrew C. Phillips, Donald L. Bearhop, Stuart Inger, Richard Jackson, Andrew Moore, Jonathan W. TI Statistical basis and outputs of stable isotope mixing models: Comment on Fry (2013) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Bayesian mixing model; SIAR; MixSIR; IsoSource ID PRIOR INFORMATION; UNCERTAINTY; TOO AB Fry (2013; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 472:1-13) reviewed approaches to solving underdetermined stable isotope mixing systems, and presented a novel approach based on graphical summaries. He inaccurately characterized the statistics and interpretation of outputs from IsoSource and more recent Bayesian mixing model tools (e. g. SIAR, MixSIR), however, and as an alternative promoted an approach-not based on likelihood methods-that uses graphing and 2 new metrics for tracking source contributions to a mixture. Fry's approach does not provide statistical probability densities associated with source contribution parameter estimates, has little applicability to complex mixing systems such as hierarchical models, and relies on the subjective interpretation of graphing products. We clarify the analytic theory underlying common mixing model approaches and provide an analysis of the 4-source, 2-tracer underdetermined mixing system example in Fry (2013), using both a Bayesian mixing model and Fry's graphical analysis and summary metrics. We demonstrate that properly interpreted Bayesian approaches yield distributions of parameter estimates that can reflect multi-modality, covariance and parameter uncertainty. C1 [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Parnell, Andrew C.] Univ Coll Dublin, Complex & Adapt Syst Lab, Sch Math Sci Stat, Dublin, Ireland. [Phillips, Donald L.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Bearhop, Stuart] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Exeter EX4 4SB, Devon, England. [Inger, Richard] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Exeter EX4 4SB, Devon, England. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Zool, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Jackson, Andrew] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Ctr Biodivers Res, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Semmens, BX (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92039 USA. EM bsemmens@ucsd.edu RI Parnell, Andrew/C-7284-2014; Jackson, Andrew/D-3441-2009; Inger, Richard/D-3445-2009; OI Parnell, Andrew/0000-0001-7956-7939; Jackson, Andrew/0000-0001-7334-0434; Inger, Richard/0000-0003-1660-3706; Bearhop, Stuart/0000-0002-5864-0129 NR 11 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 67 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 490 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.3354/meps10535 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 219ZN UT WOS:000324550600022 ER PT J AU Leys, J Subramanian, D Rodezno, E Hammouda, B Anisimov, MA AF Leys, Jan Subramanian, Deepa Rodezno, Eva Hammouda, Boualem Anisimov, Mikhail A. TI Mesoscale phenomena in solutions of 3-methylpyridine, heavy water, and an antagonistic salt SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-CRITICAL-POINT; TERNARY-SYSTEM 3-METHYLPYRIDINE/WATER/NABR; SCALE SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; MOLAR-MASS COMPOUNDS; AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION; CROSSOVER CRITICAL PHENOMENA; LIGHT-SCATTERING; CRITICAL EXPONENTS; LIQUID-MIXTURES; BUTYL ALCOHOL AB We have investigated controversial issues regarding the mesoscale behavior of 3-methylpyridine (3MP), heavy water, and sodium tetraphenylborate (NaBPh4) solutions by combining results obtained from dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We have addressed three questions: (i) what is the origin of the mesoscale inhomogeneities (order of 100 nm in size) manifested by the "slow mode" in DLS? (ii) Is the periodic structure observed from SANS an inherent property of this system? (iii) What is the universality class of critical behavior in this system? Our results confirm that the "slow mode" observed from DLS experiments corresponds to long-lived, highly stable mesoscale droplets (order of 100 nm in size), which occur only when the solute (3MP) is contaminated by hydrophobic impurities. SANS data confirm the presence of a periodic structure with a periodicity of about 10 nm. This periodic structure cannot be eliminated by nanopore filtration and thus is indeed an inherent solution property. The critical behavior of this system, in the range of concentration and temperatures investigated by DLS experiments, indicates that the criticality belongs to the universality class of the 3-dimensional Ising model. C1 [Leys, Jan; Subramanian, Deepa; Anisimov, Mikhail A.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leys, Jan] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Lab Akoestiek Therm Fys, Dept Nat Kunde Sterrenkunde, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Subramanian, Deepa; Rodezno, Eva; Anisimov, Mikhail A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Anisimov, MA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM anisimov@umd.edu FU Division of Chemistry of the National Science Foundation [CHE-1012052]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) FX The authors thank David Weglein and Seong Kim for contributing to the light scattering experimental work. J.L. thanks Claudio A. Cerdeirina, Patricia Losada-Perez and Jan Thoen for stimulating discussions. D. S. and M. A. A. acknowledge useful interactions with A. Onuki. The research at the University of Maryland, College Park is supported by the Division of Chemistry of the National Science Foundation (grant no. CHE-1012052). This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. J.L. acknowledges the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) for a travel grant. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 39 BP 9326 EP 9334 DI 10.1039/c3sm51662h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 222TT UT WOS:000324755200009 ER PT S AU Cooksey, CC Allen, DW AF Cooksey, Catherine C. Allen, David W. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Reflectance measurements of human skin from the ultraviolet to the shortwave infrared (250 nm to 2500 nm) SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures IV CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Skin; tissue; UV; light; SWIR; spectral; reflectance; traceable data; reference data AB While published literature of the optical properties of human skin is prevalent for the visible region, data are sparse in the ultraviolet and shortwave infrared. Spectral imaging has expanded from primarily an earth remote sensing tool to a range of applications including medicine and security applications, as examples. These emerging applications will likely benefit from exemplar data of human skin spectral signatures that can be used in designing and testing spectral imaging systems. This paper details an initial study of the reflectance properties over the spectral range of the ultraviolet to the shortwave infrared. A commercial spectrophotometer was used to collect the directional-hemispherical reflectance of each participant's skin from 250 nm to 2500 nm. The measurements are directly traceable to the national scales of reflectance and include estimated measurement uncertainties. The portion of skin under test was located on the participant's forearm and was approximately 5 mm in diameter. The results provided in this study serve as one point of reference for the optical properties of skin that in turn will aid in the development of physical and digital tissue phantoms. C1 [Cooksey, Catherine C.; Allen, David W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9525-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8734 AR UNSP 87340N DI 10.1117/12.2015821 PG 9 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGK58 UT WOS:000323335100017 ER PT S AU Wu, JC Martin, AF Greenberg, CS Kacker, RN Stanford, VM AF Wu, Jin Chu Martin, Alvin F. Greenberg, Craig S. Kacker, Raghu N. Stanford, Vincent M. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI Significance Test with Data Dependency in Speaker Recognition Evaluation SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures IV CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Significance test; Data dependency; Speaker recognition evaluation; Measurement uncertainty; Standard error; ROC analysis; Bootstrap; Biometrics AB To evaluate the performance of speaker recognition systems, a detection cost function defined as a weighted sum of the probabilities of type I and type II errors is employed. The speaker datasets may have data dependency due to multiple uses of the same subjects. Using the standard errors of the detection cost function computed by means of the two-layer nonparametric two-sample bootstrap method, a significance test is performed to determine whether the difference between the measured performance levels of two speaker recognition algorithms is statistically significant. While conducting the significance test, the correlation coefficient between two systems' detection cost functions is taken into account. Examples are provided. C1 [Wu, Jin Chu; Martin, Alvin F.; Greenberg, Craig S.; Kacker, Raghu N.; Stanford, Vincent M.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9525-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8734 AR UNSP 87340I DI 10.1117/12.2014536 PG 13 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGK58 UT WOS:000323335100013 ER PT S AU Oleshko, VP Howe, JM AF Oleshko, Vladimir P. Howe, James M. BE Hawkes, PW TI Electron Tweezers as a Tool for High-Precision Manipulation of Nanoobjects SO ADVANCES IN IMAGING AND ELECTRON PHYSICS, VOL 179 SE Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ORBITAL ANGULAR-MOMENTUM; AL-SI ALLOY; PLASMONIC WAVE-GUIDES; IN-SITU; OPTICAL TWEEZERS; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; ABERRATION CORRECTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATION PRESSURE C1 [Oleshko, Vladimir P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Howe, James M.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Oleshko, VP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.oleshko@nist.gov RI Oleshko, Vladimir/A-6250-2014 OI Oleshko, Vladimir/0000-0003-0538-2354 NR 280 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 42 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1076-5670 BN 978-0-12-407700-3 J9 ADV IMAG ELECT PHYS JI Adv. Imag. Electron Phys. PY 2013 VL 179 BP 203 EP 262 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-407700-3.00003-X PG 60 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA BGK73 UT WOS:000323356800027 ER PT J AU Fry, JL Draper, DC Zarzana, KJ Campuzano-Jost, P Day, DA Jimenez, JL Brown, SS Cohen, RC Kaser, L Hansel, A Cappellin, L Karl, T Roux, AH Turnipseed, A Cantrell, C Lefer, BL Grossberg, N AF Fry, J. L. Draper, D. C. Zarzana, K. J. Campuzano-Jost, P. Day, D. A. Jimenez, J. L. Brown, S. S. Cohen, R. C. Kaser, L. Hansel, A. Cappellin, L. Karl, T. Roux, A. Hodzic Turnipseed, A. Cantrell, C. Lefer, B. L. Grossberg, N. TI Observations of gas- and aerosol-phase organic nitrates at BEACHON-RoMBAS 2011 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; MASS-SPECTROMETER; MEXICO-CITY; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; RURAL TROPOSPHERE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; VAPOR-PRESSURES AB At the Rocky Mountain Biogenic Aerosol Study (BEACHON-RoMBAS) field campaign in the Colorado front range, July-August 2011, measurements of gas-and aerosol-phase organic nitrates enabled a study of the role of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in oxidation of forest-emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and subsequent aerosol formation. Substantial formation of peroxy- and alkyl-nitrates is observed every morning, with an apparent 2.9% yield of alkyl nitrates from daytime RO2 + NO reactions. Aerosol-phase organic nitrates, however, peak in concentration during the night, with concentrations up to 140 ppt as measured by both optical spectroscopic and mass spectrometric instruments. The diurnal cycle in aerosol fraction of organic nitrates shows an equilibrium-like response to the diurnal temperature cycle, suggesting some reversible absorptive partitioning, but the full dynamic range cannot be reproduced by thermodynamic repartitioning alone. Nighttime aerosol organic nitrate is observed to be positively correlated with [NO2] x [O-3] but not with [O-3]. These observations support the role of nighttime NO3-initiated oxidation of monoterpenes as a significant source of nighttime aerosol. Nighttime production of organic nitrates is comparable in magnitude to daytime photochemical production at this site, which we postulate to be representative of the Colorado front range forests. C1 [Fry, J. L.; Draper, D. C.] Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Zarzana, K. J.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zarzana, K. J.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Jimenez, J. L.] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Brown, S. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Kaser, L.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Cappellin, L.] IASMA Res & Innovat Ctr, Fdn Edmund Mach, Food Qual & Nutr Area, S Michele A A, Italy. [Karl, T.; Roux, A. Hodzic; Turnipseed, A.; Cantrell, C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lefer, B. L.; Grossberg, N.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Fry, JL (reprint author), Reed Coll, Dept Chem, Portland, OR 97202 USA. EM fry@reed.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Cappellin, Luca/C-1955-2012; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Zarzana, Kyle/N-4714-2014; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Cappellin, Luca/0000-0001-6740-3638; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Zarzana, Kyle/0000-0003-1581-6419; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; FU Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science (CIRES); National Center for Atmospheric Research Visiting Scholars Program; NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program; NASA [NNX09AE12G]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L518]; DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics; NSF; US DOE [DE-SC0006711]; NSF [ATM-0919189] FX J. L. Fry gratefully acknowledges sabbatical support from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science (CIRES) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research Visiting Scholars Program. The work was supported in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. K. J. Zarzana was supported by a NASA grant, NNX09AE12G. Measurements conducted by the University of Innsbruck were supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF):[L518]; L. Kaser is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE-fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics. A. Hodzic Roux was supported by NSF and by the US DOE grant DE-SC0006711. P. Campuzano-Jost, D. A. Day, and J. L. Jimenez were supported by NSF ATM-0919189. We thank the Cohen research group (UC Berkeley) for the generous instrument loan of the TD-LIF and remote support, especially Drew Rollins, Paul Wooldridge, Kyung-Eun Min, and Ellie Browne. We thank Carsten Warneke, Jim Roberts, Martin Graus, Jim Smith, Peter Harley, and the BEACHON-RoMBAS field campaign team for helpful discussions. We thank the BEACHON project at NCAR (sponsored by NSF) for logistics support during the campaign, and Mike Ryan and the US Forest Service for allowing us to use the Manitou Experimental Forest. NR 86 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 9 U2 82 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 17 BP 8585 EP 8605 DI 10.5194/acp-13-8585-2013 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YX UT WOS:000324400600005 ER PT J AU Marandino, CA Tegtmeier, S Kruger, K Zindler, C Atlas, EL Moore, F Bange, HW AF Marandino, C. A. Tegtmeier, S. Krueger, K. Zindler, C. Atlas, E. L. Moore, F. Bange, H. W. TI Dimethylsulphide (DMS) emissionsfrom the West Pacific Ocean: a potential marine source for stratospheric sulphur? (vol 13, pg 8427, 2013) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Marandino, C. A.; Tegtmeier, S.; Krueger, K.; Zindler, C.; Bange, H. W.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MAC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Moore, F.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Marandino, CA (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM cmarandino@geomar.de RI Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 17 BP 8813 EP 8814 DI 10.5194/acp-13-8813-2013 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YX UT WOS:000324400600018 ER PT J AU Ziska, F Quack, B Abrahamsson, K Archer, SD Atlas, E Bell, T Butler, JH Carpenter, LJ Jones, CE Harris, NRP Hepach, H Heumann, KG Hughes, C Kuss, J Kruger, K Liss, P Moore, RM Orlikowska, A Raimund, S Reeves, CE Reifenhauser, W Robinson, AD Schall, C Tanhua, T Tegtmeier, S Turner, S Wang, L Wallace, D Williams, J Yamamoto, H Yvon-Lewis, S Yokouchi, Y AF Ziska, F. Quack, B. Abrahamsson, K. Archer, S. D. Atlas, E. Bell, T. Butler, J. H. Carpenter, L. J. Jones, C. E. Harris, N. R. P. Hepach, H. Heumann, K. G. Hughes, C. Kuss, J. Krueger, K. Liss, P. Moore, R. M. Orlikowska, A. Raimund, S. Reeves, C. E. Reifenhaeuser, W. Robinson, A. D. Schall, C. Tanhua, T. Tegtmeier, S. Turner, S. Wang, L. Wallace, D. Williams, J. Yamamoto, H. Yvon-Lewis, S. Yokouchi, Y. TI Global sea-to-air flux climatology for bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HALOGENATED ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; WIND-SPEED; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURES; STRATOSPHERIC BROMINE; OZONE DEPLETION; GAS-EXCHANGE AB Volatile halogenated organic compounds containing bromine and iodine, which are naturally produced in the ocean, are involved in ozone depletion in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Three prominent compounds transporting large amounts of marine halogens into the atmosphere are bromoform (CHBr3), dibromomethane (CH2Br2) and methyl iodide (CH3I). The input of marine halogens to the stratosphere has been estimated from observations and modelling studies using low-resolution oceanic emission scenarios derived from top-down approaches. In order to improve emission inventory estimates, we calculate data-based high resolution global sea-to-air flux estimates of these compounds from surface observations within the HalOcAt (Halocarbons in the Ocean and Atmosphere) database (https://halocat.geomar.de/). Global maps of marine and atmospheric surface concentrations are derived from the data which are divided into coastal, shelf and open ocean regions. Considering physical and biogeochemical characteristics of ocean and atmosphere, the open ocean water and atmosphere data are classified into 21 regions. The available data are interpolated onto a 1 degrees x 1 degrees grid while missing grid values are interpolated with latitudinal and longitudinal dependent regression techniques reflecting the compounds' distributions. With the generated surface concentration climatologies for the ocean and atmosphere, global sea-to-air concentration gradients and sea-to-air fluxes are calculated. Based on these calculations we estimate a total global flux of 1.5/2.5 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CHBr3, 0.78/0.98 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CH2Br2 and 1.24/1.45 Gmol Br yr(-1) for CH3I (robust fit/ordinary least squares regression techniques). Contrary to recent studies, negative fluxes occur in each sea-to-air flux climatology, mainly in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. "Hot spots" for global polybromomethane emissions are located in the equatorial region, whereas methyl iodide emissions are enhanced in the subtropical gyre regions. Inter-annual and seasonal variation is contained within our flux calculations for all three compounds. Compared to earlier studies, our global fluxes are at the lower end of estimates, especially for bromoform. An under-representation of coastal emissions and of extreme events in our estimate might explain the mismatch between our bottom-up emission estimate and top-down approaches. C1 [Ziska, F.; Quack, B.; Hepach, H.; Krueger, K.; Tanhua, T.; Tegtmeier, S.] GEOMAR, Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Abrahamsson, K.] Chalmers, Dept Analyt & Marine Chem, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Abrahamsson, K.] Gothenburg Univ, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Archer, S. D.] Plymouth Marine Lab, PMI, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bell, T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Butler, J. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Carpenter, L. J.; Jones, C. E.] Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Harris, N. R. P.; Robinson, A. D.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Heumann, K. G.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Hughes, C.] Univ E Anglia, Lab Global Marine & Atmospher Chem, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Kuss, J.; Orlikowska, A.] IOW, Rostock, Germany. [Liss, P.; Reeves, C. E.; Turner, S.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Moore, R. M.; Wallace, D.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Raimund, S.] CNRS, Stn Biol Roscoff, Equipe Chim Marine, UMR7144, F-29680 Roscoff, France. [Reifenhaeuser, W.] Bayer Landesamt Umwelt, Augsburg, Germany. [Schall, C.] Fresenius Med Care, D-66606 St Wendel, Germany. [Wang, L.] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Williams, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Air Chem Dept, MPI, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Yamamoto, H.; Yokouchi, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050053, Japan. [Yvon-Lewis, S.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Ziska, F (reprint author), GEOMAR, Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, Kiel, Germany. EM fziska@geomar.de RI Bell, Thomas/E-8488-2011; Abrahamsson, Katarina/A-7616-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 OI Carpenter, Lucy/0000-0002-6257-3950; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006; Bell, Thomas/0000-0002-4108-7048; FU WGL project TransBrom; European commission under project SHIVA [226 224]; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [03F0611A]; NERC UK SOLAS Knowledge Transfer grant [NE/E001696/1]; COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) [Action 735]; European Science Foundation FX We thank all contributors sending their data to the HalOcAt database and for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We also thank our assisting student helpers Julian Kinzel, Christian Muller, Eike Humpel, Anja Muller and Theresa Conradi who populated the database, which started in 2009. This work was financially supported by the WGL project TransBrom, the European commission under the project SHIVA (grant no. 226 224) and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) during the project SOPRAN (grant no: 03F0611A). SOLAS Integration (Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study; http://www.bodc.ac.uk/solas_integration/) helped instigate this project and Tom Bell and Peter Liss were supported in this by a NERC UK SOLAS Knowledge Transfer grant (NE/E001696/1). Part of this project was supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action 735, a European Science Foundation-supported initiative. Additionally, we would like to thank the ECMWF for providing the ERA Interim reanalysis data. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments and advice. NR 85 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 7 U2 88 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 17 BP 8915 EP 8934 DI 10.5194/acp-13-8915-2013 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YX UT WOS:000324400600023 ER PT J AU Edwards, PM Young, CJ Aikin, K deGouw, J Dube, WP Geiger, F Gilman, J Helmig, D Holloway, JS Kercher, J Lerner, B Martin, R McLaren, R Parrish, DD Peischl, J Roberts, JM Ryerson, TB Thornton, J Warneke, C Williams, EJ Brown, SS AF Edwards, P. M. Young, C. J. Aikin, K. deGouw, J. Dube, W. P. Geiger, F. Gilman, J. Helmig, D. Holloway, J. S. Kercher, J. Lerner, B. Martin, R. McLaren, R. Parrish, D. D. Peischl, J. Roberts, J. M. Ryerson, T. B. Thornton, J. Warneke, C. Williams, E. J. Brown, S. S. TI Ozone photochemistry in an oil and natural gas extraction region during winter: simulations of a snow-free season in the Uintah Basin, Utah SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; MCM V3 PART; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; CREATION POTENTIALS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PHASE REACTIONS; NITROUS-ACID; FORMALDEHYDE; HYDROCARBONS AB The Uintah Basin in northeastern Utah, a region of intense oil and gas extraction, experienced ozone (O-3) concentrations above levels harmful to human health for multiple days during the winters of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. These wintertime O-3 pollution episodes occur during cold, stable periods when the ground is snow-covered, and have been linked to emissions from the oil and gas extraction process. The Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS) was a field intensive in early 2012, whose goal was to address current uncertainties in the chemical and physical processes that drive wintertime O-3 production in regions of oil and gas development. Although elevated O-3 concentrations were not observed during the winter of 2011-2012, the comprehensive set of observations tests our understanding of O-3 photochemistry in this unusual emissions environment. A box model, constrained to the observations and using the near-explicit Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) v3.2 chemistry scheme, has been used to investigate the sensitivities of O-3 production during UBWOS 2012. Simulations identify the O-3 production photochemistry to be highly radical limited (with a radical production rate significantly smaller than the NOx emission rate). Production of OH from O-3 photolysis (through reaction of O(D-1) with water vapor) contributed only 170 pptv day(-1), 8% of the total primary radical source on average (primary radicals being those produced from non-radical precursors). Other radical sources, including the photolysis of formaldehyde (HCHO, 52 %), nitrous acid (HONO, 26 %), and nitryl chloride (ClNO2, 13 %) were larger. O-3 production was also found to be highly sensitive to aromatic volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations, due to radical amplification reactions in the oxidation scheme of these species. Radical production was shown to be small in comparison to the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), such that NOx acted as the primary radical sink. Consequently, the system was highly VOC sensitive, despite the much larger mixing ratio of total non-methane hydrocarbons (230 ppbv (2080 ppbC), 6 week average) relative to NOx (5.6 ppbv average). However, the importance of radical sources which are themselves derived from NOx emissions and chemistry, such as ClNO2 and HONO, make the response of the system to changes in NOx emissions uncertain. Model simulations attempting to reproduce conditions expected during snow-covered cold-pool conditions show a significant increase in O-3 production, although calculated concentrations do not achieve the highest seen during the 2010-2011 O-3 pollution events in the Uintah Basin. These box model simulations provide useful insight into the chemistry controlling winter O-3 production in regions of oil and gas extraction. C1 [Edwards, P. M.; Young, C. J.; Aikin, K.; deGouw, J.; Dube, W. P.; Gilman, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Lerner, B.; Parrish, D. D.; Peischl, J.; Roberts, J. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E. J.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Edwards, P. M.; Aikin, K.; deGouw, J.; Dube, W. P.; Gilman, J.; Holloway, J. S.; Lerner, B.; Peischl, J.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Geiger, F.] IMK ASF, Karlsruher Inst Technol, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Helmig, D.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kercher, J.] Hiram Coll, Dept Chem, Hiram, OH USA. [Martin, R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [McLaren, R.] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Thornton, J.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Edwards, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R CSD7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM peter.m.edwards@noaa.gov RI Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; McLaren, Robert/F-5431-2011; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013 OI Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU Western Energy Alliance; NOAA's Climate and Health of the Atmosphere programs; Questar Energy Products; York University; NSF-AGS CAREER [0846183] FX This work was supported in part by the Western Energy Alliance, and NOAA's Climate and Health of the Atmosphere programs. We thank Questar Energy Products for site preparation and support. Robert McLaren acknowledges receipt of a York University Sabbatical Leave Fellowship, which partially funded his participation in the study. Joel Thornton acknowledges NSF-AGS CAREER Grant No. 0846183. NR 58 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 17 U2 82 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 17 BP 8955 EP 8971 DI 10.5194/acp-13-8955-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 217YX UT WOS:000324400600026 ER PT J AU Ota, Y Derber, JC Kalnay, E Miyoshi, T AF Ota, Yoichiro Derber, John C. Kalnay, Eugenia Miyoshi, Takemasa TI Ensemble-based observation impact estimates using the NCEP GFS SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; observation impact; ensemble Kalman filter; skill dropout; ensemble sensitivity ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; 2-SEASON IMPACT; ADJOINT; IMPLEMENTATION; SATELLITE; FORECAST; MODEL AB The impacts of the assimilated observations on the 24-hour forecasts are estimated with the ensemble-based method proposed by Kalnay et al. using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). This method estimates the relative impact of observations in data assimilation similar to the adjoint-based method proposed by Langland and Baker but without using the adjoint model. It is implemented on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecasting System EnKF that has been used as part of operational global data assimilation system at NCEP since May 2012. The result quantifies the overall positive impacts of the assimilated observations and the relative importance of the satellite radiance observations compared to other types of observations, especially for the moisture fields. A simple moving localisation based on the average wind, although not optimal, seems to work well. The method is also used to identify the cause of local forecast failure cases in the 24-hour forecasts. Data-denial experiments of the observations identified as producing a negative impact are performed, and forecast errors are reduced as estimated, thus validating the impact estimation. C1 [Ota, Yoichiro] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Numer Predict Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Derber, John C.] Environm Modeling Ctr NCEP NWS NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Kalnay, Eugenia; Miyoshi, Takemasa] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Miyoshi, Takemasa] RIKEN Adv Inst Computat Sci, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. RP Ota, Y (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Numer Predict Div, Tokyo, Japan. EM ota@met.kishou.go.jp RI Miyoshi, Takemasa/C-2768-2009; OI Miyoshi, Takemasa/0000-0003-3160-2525; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 FU NESDIS/JPSS JPSS Proving Ground (PG); Risk Reduction (RR) CICS Grant FX The authors thank Daryl Kleist (NCEP/EMC) for valuable discussion and his continuous encouragement of this work, and Dr. Mitch Goldberg for his support of this research. Jeff Whitaker (NOAA/ESRL) first developed the EnKF data assimilation system used in this study. Discussions with Ricardo Todling (NASA/GMAO) helped us to understand better this method. The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions that helped us improve the manuscript. This work was partially supported by a NESDIS/JPSS JPSS Proving Ground (PG) and a Risk Reduction (RR) CICS Grant. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2013 VL 65 AR 20038 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.20038 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 214VJ UT WOS:000324164700001 ER PT J AU Luhr, H Manoj, C AF Luehr, H. Manoj, C. TI The complete spectrum of the equatorial electrojet related to solar tides: CHAMP observations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; Ionosphere-atmosphere interactions ID NONMIGRATING TIDAL SIGNATURES; MAGNETIC-FIELD MEASUREMENTS; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; SATELLITE; IONOSPHERE; LATITUDES; ASYMMETRY; CURRENTS; WINDS AB Based on 10 yr of magnetic field measurements by the CHAMP satellite we draw a detailed picture of the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) tidal variations. For the first time the complete EEJ spectrum related to average solar tides has been compiled. A large fraction of the resulting spectrum is related to the switch on/off of the EEJ between day and night. This effect has carefully been considered when interpreting the results. As expected, largest amplitudes are caused by the migrating tides representing the mean diurnal variation. Higher harmonics of the daily variations show a 1/f fall-off in amplitude. Such a spectrum is required to represent the vanishing of the EEJ current at night. The migrating tidal signal exhibits a distinct annual variation with large amplitudes during December solstice and equinox seasons but a depression by a factor of 1.7 around June-July. A rich spectrum of non-migrating tidal effects is deduced. Most prominent is the four-peaked longitudinal pattern around August. Almost 90% of the structure can be attributed to the diurnal eastward-propagating tide DE3. In addition the westward-propagating DW5 is contributing to wave-4. The second-largest non-migrating tide is the semi-diurnal SW4 around December solstice. It causes a wave-2 feature in satellite observations. The three-peaked longitudinal pattern, often quoted as typical for the December season, is significantly weaker. During the months around May-June a prominent wave-1 feature appears. To first order it represents a stationary planetary wave SPW1 which causes an intensification of the EEJ at western longitudes beyond 60 degrees W and a weakening over Africa/India. In addition, a prominent terdiurnal non-migrating tide TW4 causes the EEJ to peak later, at hours past 14: 00 local time in the western sector. A particularly interesting non-migrating tide is the semi-diurnal SW3. It causes largest EEJ amplitudes from October through December. This tidal component shows a strong dependence on solar flux level with increasing amplitudes towards solar maximum. We are not aware of any previous studies mentioning this behaviour of SW3. The main focus of this study is to present the observed EEJ spectrum and its relation to tidal driving. For several of the identified spectral components we cannot offer convincing explanations for the generation mechanisms. C1 [Luehr, H.] German Res Ctr Geosci, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. [Manoj, C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Luhr, H (reprint author), German Res Ctr Geosci, GFZ, Potsdam, Germany. EM hluehr@gfz-potsdam.de FU Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology FX The authors thank S. Maus for providing the electrojet intensities derived from CHAMP magnetic field observations. The CHAMP mission was sponsored by the Space Agency of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) through funds of the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1315 EP 1331 DI 10.5194/angeo-31-1315-2013 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 212JL UT WOS:000323979100003 ER PT J AU Bates, TS Quinn, PK Johnson, JE Corless, A Brechtel, FJ Stalin, SE Meinig, C Burkhart, JF AF Bates, T. S. Quinn, P. K. Johnson, J. E. Corless, A. Brechtel, F. J. Stalin, S. E. Meinig, C. Burkhart, J. F. TI Measurements of atmospheric aerosol vertical distributions above Svalbard, Norway, using unmanned aerial systems (UAS) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; ARCTIC HAZE; TRANSPORT; SNOW; POLLUTION; 20TH-CENTURY; EMISSIONS; TRENDS AB Atmospheric aerosol vertical distributions were measured above Svalbard, Norway, in April 2011 during the Cooperative Investigation of Climate-Cryosphere Interactions campaign (CICCI). Measurements were made of the particle number concentration and the aerosol light absorption coefficient at three wavelengths. A filter sample was collected on each flight at the altitude of maximum particle number concentration. The filters were analyzed for major anions and cations. The aerosol payload was flown in a NOAA/PMEL MANTA Unmanned Aerial System (UAS). A total of 18 flights were flown during the campaign totaling 38 flight hours. The data show frequent aerosol layers aloft with high particle number concentration (1000 cm(-3)) and enhanced aerosol light absorption (1 Mm(-1)). Air mass histories of these aerosol layers were assessed using FLEX-PART particle dispersion modeling. The data contribute to an assessment of sources of BC to the Arctic and potential climate impacts. C1 [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.; Stalin, S. E.; Meinig, C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Johnson, J. E.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Corless, A.; Brechtel, F. J.] Brechtel Mfg Inc, Hayward, CA USA. [Burkhart, J. F.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Burkhart, J. F.] Univ Calif, UCM, Merced, CA USA. RP Bates, TS (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM tim.bates@noaa.gov RI Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NOAA UAS; Arctic Programs. Brechtel Mfg. Inc. [DG133R-07-CN-0193]; JFB through the Norwegian Research Council [184724]; U.S. NSF iisPACS project [ARC-1023651]; RISCC [196204] FX This work was supported by the NOAA UAS and Arctic Programs. Brechtel Mfg. Inc. acknowledges support for the development of the ACCESS UAS instrument suite under NOAA SBIR Contract DG133R-07-CN-0193. Partial funding for JFB was provided through the Norwegian Research Council project VAUUAV (NFR #184724) and the U.S. NSF iisPACS project (#ARC-1023651). This is PMEL contribution number 3979. The authors thank Rune Storvold and the NORUT UAS team for guidance and support in Svalbard, Mauro Mazzola for assistance at the Gruvebadet Laboratory, and Dirk Tagawa, Nick Delich, Rafael Gay ton, Drew Hamilton, Derek Coffman, Kristen Schulz I or their technical assistance. Coordination and management of field activities in Svalbard were funded through the RISCC project (NFR #196204). NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 8 BP 2115 EP 2120 DI 10.5194/amt-6-2115-2013 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 212JA UT WOS:000323978000016 ER PT J AU Bates, NR Orchowska, MI Garley, R Mathis, JT AF Bates, N. R. Orchowska, M. I. Garley, R. Mathis, J. T. TI Summertime calcium carbonate undersaturation in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean - how biological processes exacerbate the impact of ocean acidification SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; EAST SIBERIAN SEA; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CHUKCHI SEA; LIMACINA-HELICINA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SEASONAL-CHANGES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AB The Arctic Ocean accounts for only 4% of the global ocean area, but it contributes significantly to the global carbon cycle. Recent observations of seawater CO2-carbonate chemistry in shelf waters of the western Arctic Ocean, primarily in the Chukchi Sea, from 2009 to 2011 indicate that bottom waters are seasonally undersaturated with respect to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals, particularly aragonite. Nearly 40% of sampled bottom waters on the shelf have saturation states less than one for aragonite (i.e., Omega(aragonite) < 1.0), thereby exposing the benthos to potentially corrosive water for CaCO3-secreting organisms, while 80% of bottom waters present had Omega(aragonite) values less than 1.5. Our observations indicate seasonal reduction of saturation states (Omega) for calcite (Omega(calcite)) and aragonite (Omega(aragonite)) in the subsurface in the western Arctic by as much as 0.8 and 0.5, respectively. Such data indicate that bottom waters of the western Arctic shelves were already potentially corrosive for biogenic and sedimentary CaCO3 for several months each year. Seasonal changes in Omega are imparted by a variety of factors such as phytoplankton photosynthesis, respiration/remineralization of organic matter and air-sea gas exchange of CO2. Combined, these processes either increase or enhance in surface and subsurface waters, respectively. These seasonal physical and biological processes also act to mitigate or enhance the impact of Anthropocene ocean acidification (OA) on Omega in surface and subsurface waters, respectively. Future monitoring of the western Arctic shelves is warranted to assess the present and future impact of ocean acidification and seasonal physico-biogeochemical processes on Omega values and Arctic marine ecosystems. C1 [Bates, N. R.; Garley, R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Orchowska, M. I.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. [Mathis, J. T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bates, NR (reprint author), Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. EM nick.bates@bios.edu FU Nippon Foundation; [NASA-NNX10AG36G]; [NOAA-NA080AR4310605]; [NSF OPP-1107457] FX The authors wish to thank the crews of the research vessels that took part in obtaining the data, and all the technicians that participated in collecting the samples. We thank Deborah Ianson and four anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments. Part of this work was undertaken as a studentship to Monika Orchowska supported by the Nippon Foundation and Partnership for Observation of Global Ocean at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. The following US federal agencies are thanked for their support through the following grants: NASA-NNX10AG36G; NOAA-NA080AR4310605, and NSF OPP-1107457. NR 101 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 8 BP 5281 EP 5309 DI 10.5194/bg-10-5281-2013 PG 29 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 212JW UT WOS:000323980300003 ER PT J AU Kitamura, M Kumamoto, Y Kawakami, H Cruz, EC Fujikura, K AF Kitamura, M. Kumamoto, Y. Kawakami, H. Cruz, E. C. Fujikura, K. TI Horizontal distribution of Fukushima-derived radiocesium in zooplankton in the northwestern Pacific Ocean SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; DAI-ICHI; RADIOACTIVE FALLOUT; NUCLEAR ACCIDENT; PLANT ACCIDENT; RADIONUCLIDES; WESTERN; CS-137; JAPAN; TRANSPORT AB The magnitude of the 9.0 Tohoku earthquake and the ensuing tsunami on 11 March 2011, inflicted heavy damage on the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant (FNPP1). Fission products were emitted, falling over a broad range in the Northern Hemisphere, and water contaminated with radionuclides leaked into the ocean. In this study, we described the horizontal distribution of the Fukushima-derived radiocesium in zooplankton and in seawater in the western North Pacific Ocean (500-2100 km from the FNPP1) 10 months after the accident. Cs-134 and Cs-137 were detected in zooplankton and seawater from all the stations. Because of its short half-life, the Cs-134 detected in our samples could only be derived from the FNPP1 accident. The highest Cs-137 activity in zooplankton was the same order of magnitude as it was one month after the accident, and average activity was one or two orders of magnitude higher than Cs-137 activities observed before the accident around Japan. Horizontally, the radiocesium activity concentrations in zooplankton were high at around 25 degrees N while those in surface seawater were high at around the transition area between the Kuroshio and the Oyashio currents (36-40 degrees N). We observed subsurface radiocesium maxima in density range of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water and the occurrence of many diel vertical migratory zooplankton. These suggested that the high activity concentrations in the subtropical zooplankton at around 25 degrees N were connected to the subsurface radiocesium and active vertical migration of zooplankton. However, the high activity concentrations of radiocesium in subsurface seawater did not necessarily correlate with the higher radiocesium activity in zooplankton. Activity concentrations of radiocesium in zooplankton might be influenced not only by the environmental radiocesium activity concentrations but also by other factors, which are still unknown. C1 [Kitamura, M.; Fujikura, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Biogeosci, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Kumamoto, Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Kawakami, H.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Mutsu Inst Oceanog, Mutsu, Aomori, Japan. [Cruz, E. C.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Tamuning, GU USA. RP Kitamura, M (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Biogeosci, 2-15 Natsushimacho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM kitamura@jamstec.go.jp FU MEXT KAKENHI [24110005] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Mirai, marine technicians from the Marine Works Japan, Inc., and from the Global Ocean Development, Inc., for their support during sample collection on board. We are grateful to Hideki Kaeriyama, Jota Kanda and Francine Fiust for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This work was partially supported by MEXT KAKENHI grant number 24110005. NR 36 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 8 BP 5729 EP 5738 DI 10.5194/bg-10-5729-2013 PG 10 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 212JW UT WOS:000323980300034 ER PT J AU Moreira, DS Freitas, SR Bonatti, JP Mercado, LM Rosario, NME Longo, KM Miller, JB Gloor, M Gatti, LV AF Moreira, D. S. Freitas, S. R. Bonatti, J. P. Mercado, L. M. Rosario, N. M. E. Longo, K. M. Miller, J. B. Gloor, M. Gatti, L. V. TI Coupling between the JULES land-surface scheme and the CCATT-BRAMS atmospheric chemistry model (JULES-CCATT-BRAMS1.0): applications to numerical weather forecasting and the CO2 budget in South America SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; TRACER TRANSPORT MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BRAZILIAN DEVELOPMENTS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CATT-BRAMS; SMOKE AB This article presents the coupling of the JULES surface model to the CCATT-BRAMS atmospheric chemistry model. This new numerical system is denominated JULES-CCATT-BRAMS. We demonstrate the performance of this new model system in relation to several meteorological variables and the CO2 mixing ratio over a large part of South America, focusing on the Amazon basin. The evaluation was conducted for two time periods, the wet (March) and dry (September) seasons of 2010. The model errors were calculated in relation to meteorological observations at conventional stations in airports and automatic stations. In addition, CO2 mixing ratios in the first model level were compared with meteorological tower measurements and vertical CO2 profiles were compared with observations obtained with airborne instruments. The results of this study show that the JULES-CCATT-BRAMS modeling system provided a significant gain in performance for the considered atmospheric fields relative to those simulated by the LEAF (version 3) surface model originally employed by CCATT-BRAMS. In addition, the new system significantly increases the ability to simulate processes involving air-surface interactions, due to the ability of JULES to simulate photosynthesis, respiration and dynamic vegetation, among other processes. We also discuss a wide range of numerical studies involving coupled atmospheric, land surface and chemistry processes that could be done with the system introduced here. Thus, this work presents to the scientific community a free modeling tool, with good performance in comparison with observational data and reanalysis model data, at least for the region and time period discussed here. Therefore, in principle, this model is able to produce atmospheric hindcast/forecast simulations at different spatial resolutions for any time period and any region of the globe. C1 [Moreira, D. S.; Freitas, S. R.; Bonatti, J. P.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Mercado, L. M.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Mercado, L. M.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Wallingford OX10 8BB, Oxon, England. [Rosario, N. M. E.] UNIFESP Evironmental Sci Div, Diadema, SP, Brazil. [Longo, K. M.] INPE, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Miller, J. B.] NOAA, ESRL R, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gloor, M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Gatti, L. V.] CNEN IPEN Lab Quim Atmosfer, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Moreira, DS (reprint author), INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. EM demerval.moreira@cptec.inpe.br RI Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Moreira, Demerval/J-9046-2014; Rosario, Nilton/D-8687-2012 OI Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; Moreira, Demerval/0000-0001-9147-7426; FU NERC consortium grant AMAZONICA Project (Natural Environment Research Council NERC) [NE/F005806/1]; EU [283080] FX The authors thank all the members of the Modeling of the Atmosphere and its Interfaces Group (GMAI), Chris Huntingford, Lucas Domingues, Alexandre Martinewski, Kenia Wiedemann and Marcos Longo. ECMWF ERA-Interim data used in this study were provided by the ECMWF data server: http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/data/d/interimdaily/levtype=pl/, and CarbonTracker CO2 data were provided by NOAA/ESRL (carbontracker.noaa.gov). This work was partially supported by the NERC consortium grant AMAZONICA Project (Natural Environment Research Council NERC/grant: NE/F005806/1) and the EU grant 7th framework GEOCARBON project (grant number agreement 283080). The authors thank these projects. NR 61 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1243 EP 1259 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-1243-2013 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 212KE UT WOS:000323981100021 ER PT J AU Forbes, TP Munson, MS Forry, SP AF Forbes, Thomas P. Munson, Matthew S. Forry, Samuel P. TI Theoretical analysis of a magnetophoresis-diffusion T-sensor immunoassay SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID ON-A-CHIP; LIMIT; ASSAY; BEAD; FLOW; CHROMATOGRAPHY; OPTIMIZATION; QUANTITATION; SENSITIVITY; PRECISION AB We present the analytical investigation of a microfluidic homogeneous competitive immunoassay that incorporates antibody-conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles and magnetophoretic transport to enhance the limits of detection and dynamic range. The analytical model considers the advective, diffusive, and magnetophoretic transport of the antibody-coated nanoparticles relative to the labeled and sample antigens of interest in a T-sensor configuration. The magnetophoresis-diffusion immunoassay identified clear improvements to the assay response and reductions to the limit of detection for increased magnetophoretic velocities and larger nanoparticles. The externally applied magnetophoretic transport enriched the antibody-antigen accumulation region, while larger nanoparticles led to decreased diffusive peak broadening. The integration of nanoparticles to the diffusion immunoassay (NP-DIA) demonstrated an approximately 3-fold improvement to the limit of detection of the basic antibody/antigen system, while the integration of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and magnetophoretic transport (MIA) established an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity as well as means to greatly reduce response time. The implementation of an external magnetic force enabled the detectable antigen size spectrum to extend from small molecules i.e., 10's Da to 100's Da, up to large proteins and macromolecules, i.e., 50 kDa to 150 kDa, for a single class of binding species, i.e., superparamagnetic nanoparticle. This investigation provides guidelines for the design and development of a magnetophoresis-diffusion T-sensor immunoassay, and clearly identifies the regimes for optimal operation. C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Munson, Matthew S.; Forry, Samuel P.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forbes, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2013 VL 13 IS 19 BP 3935 EP 3944 DI 10.1039/c3lc50686j PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 210LT UT WOS:000323835700019 PM 23945824 ER PT J AU Sander, LC Schantz, MM Wise, SA AF Sander, L. C. Schantz, M. M. Wise, S. A. BA Fanali, S Haddad, PR Poole, CF Schoenmakers, P Lloyd, D BF Fanali, S Haddad, PR Poole, CF Schoenmakers, P Lloyd, D TI Environmental Analysis: Persistent Organic Pollutants SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PHOTOIONIZATION; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; REFERENCE MATERIALS SRMS; MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION C1 [Sander, L. C.; Schantz, M. M.; Wise, S. A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sander, LC (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 207 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415866-5 PY 2013 BP 337 EP 388 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415806-1.00013-9 PG 52 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Engineering, Environmental SC Chemistry; Engineering GA BGM75 UT WOS:000323518300013 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM AF Striegel, A. M. BA Fanali, S Haddad, PR Poole, CF Schoenmakers, P Lloyd, D BF Fanali, S Haddad, PR Poole, CF Schoenmakers, P Lloyd, D TI Size-Exclusion Chromatography SO LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: FUNDAMENTALS AND INSTRUMENTATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GEL-PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLUTION CONFORMATIONAL ENTROPY; POLYMER ELUTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ABSOLUTE GPC DETERMINATIONS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DETECTION; LIGHT-SCATTERING; HYDRODYNAMIC CHROMATOGRAPHY; UNIVERSAL CALIBRATION; DIFFERENTIAL VISCOMETER; SYNTHETIC-POLYMERS C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Striegel, AM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-12-415867-2 PY 2013 BP 193 EP 223 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-415807-8.00009-2 PG 31 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BGL58 UT WOS:000323422900009 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Poti, M Wynne, TT Kinlan, BP Bauer, LB AF Kendall, Matthew S. Poti, Matthew Wynne, Timothy T. Kinlan, Brian P. Bauer, Laurie B. TI Consequences of the life history traits of pelagic larvae on interisland connectivity during a changing climate SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Biogeography; Climate change; Connectivity; Dispersal; Pelagic larval duration; Samoan Archipelago ID CORAL-REEF FISH; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; POPULATION CONNECTIVITY; SCLERACTINIAN CORAL; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; AMERICAN-SAMOA; DAMSELFISHES POMACENTRIDAE; CENTRAL PACIFIC; DISPERSAL; TEMPERATURE AB Many coral reef organisms possess a pelagic larval phase during which some larvae are retained near spawning sites and others are dispersed to more distant locations via ocean currents. Planktonic duration, distances traveled, and recruitment success can vary due to natural development rate, mortality rate, and sensory and swimming capabilities of particular taxa. Elevated water temperatures and acidification due to climate change can also influence recruitment by generally accelerating metabolism and growth, raising mortality rate, impairing development of calcified structures, and reducing sensory capabilities. We used hydrodynamic models and drifter data to investigate these various life history and climate-related influences on larval connectivity in and around the Samoan Archipelago. In general, virtual larvae spawned in the Samoan Archipelago seeded their natal reefs with relatively short-lived larvae, and their island neighbors to the west with longer-lived larvae. Larval duration, mortality rate, and sensory zone variables all had a significant effect on connectivity. Effect size was largest for mortality rate followed by larval duration. Shortened larval longevity due to climate change reduced interisland connectivity and changed the life history traits (and therefore taxa) that result in successful connections. Islands will generally become increasingly more reliant on self-seeding as the ocean warms, although the role of most islands primarily as a source or destination was robust to climate change. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.; Poti, Matthew; Kinlan, Brian P.; Bauer, Laurie B.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NCCOS, CCMA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Poti, Matthew; Kinlan, Brian P.; Bauer, Laurie B.] Consolidated Safety Serv Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Wynne, Timothy T.] NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NCCOS, CCMA, Coastal Ocean Assessments Status & Trends Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, NCCOS, CCMA, Biogeog Branch, 1305 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov OI Kinlan, Brian/0000-0001-7736-1726 FU NOAA National Marine Sanctuary and Coral Reef Conservation Programs; NOAA [DG133C07NC0616]; Consolidated Safety Services, Inc. FX This work was jointly funded by the NOAA National Marine Sanctuary and Coral Reef Conservation Programs. M.P., B.P.K., and L.B.B. were supported under NOAA Contract No. DG133C07NC0616 with Consolidated Safety Services, Inc. D. Fenner provided insightful comments during development of the approach. D. Kobayashi provided example models for the study of connectivity in the Pacific and provided helpful comments on this work. L. Lanerolle provided considerable assistance in setting up model simulations, and C. Barker and C. O'Connor provided expertise in GNOME. NR 88 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 489 BP 43 EP 59 DI 10.3354/meps10432 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 211WA UT WOS:000323941000004 ER PT J AU Reinhardt, JF Whitlatch, RB Osman, RW AF Reinhardt, James F. Whitlatch, Robert B. Osman, Richard W. TI Effects of temperature on the recruitment phenology and niche overlap of shallow epifaunal assemblages in southern New England SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Recruitment; Temperature; Long Island Sound; Niche overlap; Invasive species; Phenology; Fouling community ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INVASION SUCCESS; SPECIES INTERACTIONS; COMMUNITY; COMPETITION; COEXISTENCE; DISTURBANCE; RESPONSES; SETTLEMENT; DIVERSITY AB Recruitment phenology, or the timing of recruitment, can have a large influence on individuals and populations by affecting their exposure to adverse environmental conditions and interspecific competition. In this study, we examined whether temperature parameters could predict the timing of recruitment, the duration of recruitment and total recruitment in 18 benthic epifaunal species using partial least squares regression (PLSR) and ordinary least squares regression. Additionally, we used a null model to test whether temperature parameters and inter-annual variation in those parameters affect the temporal niche overlap of these benthic species. We specifically examined the recruitment patterns of non-native species to help illustrate how shifts in phenology may help drive changes in the community composition. Results from the PLSR helped determine the most instructive regressors for univariate least-squares models. For many (14 of 18) of the species examined, recruitment patterns could be predicted by seasonal growing degree days. Additionally, communities at cooler sites exhibited greater temporal niche overlap than assemblages found at warmer sites. Finally, we observed a unique pattern among invasive species, with more recent invaders recruiting later in the season, which may be a result of shifts in niche overlap. The findings of this study illustrate potential mechanisms for species coexistence and increased rates of invasion resulting from climate change. C1 [Reinhardt, James F.] NOAA Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Whitlatch, Robert B.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Osman, Richard W.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. RP Reinhardt, JF (reprint author), NOAA Restorat Ctr, 1315 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jamesfreinhardt@hotmail.com OI Reinhardt, James/0000-0003-4707-4026 FU U.S. EPA STAR; NSF; Long Island Sound Study FX This research was partially supported by U.S. EPA STAR and NSF grants awarded to R.B.W. and R.W.O. J.F.R. was supported by a fellowship from the Long Island Sound Study for a portion of this work. Thanks to J. Carlton, R. Colwell, D. Avery and M. Whitney for helpful information and suggestions. Many thanks to the individuals who helped collect recruitment data and the anonymous reviewer. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 489 BP 61 EP 74 DI 10.3354/meps10423 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 211WA UT WOS:000323941000005 ER PT J AU Risch, D Clark, CW Dugan, PJ Popescu, M Siebert, U Van Parijs, SM AF Risch, Denise Clark, Christopher W. Dugan, Peter J. Popescu, Marian Siebert, Ursula Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Minke whale acoustic behavior and multi-year seasonal and diel vocalization patterns in Massachusetts Bay, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Minke whale; Balaenoptera acutorostrata; Vocalizations; Pulse train; Seasonality; Diel variation; Passive acoustic monitoring ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE; NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY; BALAENOPTERA-ACUTOROSTRATA; HUMPBACK WHALES; RANDOM FORESTS; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; FIN WHALES; WATERS; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a rapidly growing field, providing valuable insights in marine ecology. The approach allows for long-term, species-specific monitoring over a range of spatial scales. For many baleen whales fundamental information on seasonal occurrence and distribution is still missing. In this study, pulse trains produced by the North Atlantic minke whale, a highly mobile and cryptic species, are used to examine its seasonality, diel vocalization patterns and spatial distribution throughout the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS), USA. Three and a half years (2006, 2007 to 2010) of near continuous passive acoustic data were analyzed using automated detection methods. Random forests and cluster analyses grouped pulse trains into 3 main categories (slow-down, constant and speed-up), with several subtypes. Slow-down pulse trains were the most commonly recorded call category. Minke whale pulse train occurrence was highly seasonal across all years. Detections were made from August to November, with 88% occurring in September and October. No detections were recorded in January and February, and only few from March to June. Minke whale pulse trains showed a distinct diel pattern, with a nighttime peak from approximately 20:00 to 01:00 h Eastern Standard Time (EST). The highest numbers of pulse trains were detected to the east of Stellwagen Bank, suggesting that minke whales travel preferably in deeper waters along the outer edge of the sanctuary. These data show that minke whales consistently use Stellwagen Bank as part of their migration route to and from the feeding grounds. Unlike other baleen whales in this area they do not appear to have a persistent year-round acoustic presence. C1 [Risch, Denise] Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Clark, Christopher W.; Dugan, Peter J.; Popescu, Marian] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY USA. [Siebert, Ursula] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, Busum, Germany. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. RP Risch, D (reprint author), Integrated Stat, Woods Hole, MA USA. EM denise.risch@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research grant [N00014-07-1-1029]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program; NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Northeast Regional Office; NOAA's Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) FX Parts of this work were funded by NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Northeast Regional Office, and NOAA's Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS). It was supported by an Office of Naval Research grant (number N00014-07-1-1029) awarded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. We thank D. Arch, D. Cholewiak, H. Figueroa, M. Fowler, L. Hatch, C. Muirhead, A. Murray, S. Mussoline, S. Kibner, W. Krkoska, J. Stanistreet, C. Tesseglia-Hymes, M. Thompson, C. Tremblay, B. Wallace, J. Walluk, A. Warde, F. Wenzel, D. Wiley and E. Vu for help with various stages of fieldwork and data processing. In addition, many thanks to everyone at the Bioacoustic Research Program, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology and the SBNMS for their support over the years. Thanks to M. Soldevilla and M. Pourho-mayoun for help with figure production. We thank D. Cholewiak, M. Simpkins and 3 anonymous reviewers, who significantly improved the quality of this manuscript by providing insightful comments. NR 97 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 41 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 489 BP 279 EP 295 DI 10.3354/meps10426 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 211WA UT WOS:000323941000021 ER PT S AU Arceo, A Bunday, B Attota, R AF Arceo, Abraham Bunday, Benjamin Attota, Ravikiran BE Starikov, A Cain, JP TI Use of TSOM for sub-11 nm node pattern defect detection and HAR features SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 25-28, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE TSOM; Through-focus scanning optical microscopy; defect inspection; metrology; high aspect ratio; HAR AB In-line metrologies currently used in the semiconductor industry are being challenged by the aggressive pace of device scaling and the adoption of novel device architectures. In defect inspection, conventional bright field techniques will not likely be able to meet defect capture rate requirements beyond the 16 nm node. Electron beam-based inspection is able to meet resolution limits well below this node, but operates at a significantly lower throughput. It, therefore, has become necessary to explore alternative approaches with the potential to meet both resolution and throughput requirements. Critical dimension (CD) metrology, on the other hand, is less challenged by resolution than by the increasingly 3D nature of the information that needs to be collected from modern device structures. It is therefore valuable to explore metrology techniques that are sensitive to spatial variations across the entire volume of the interrogated feature. Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is a novel method that allows conventional optical microscopes to collect dimensional information down to the nanometer level by combining 2D optical images captured at several through-focus positions. This relatively simple technique is inexpensive and has high throughput, making it attractive for a variety of semiconductor metrology applications, such as CD, photomask, overlay, and defect metrologies. In this work, we expand on the analysis of TSOM as a potential technique for defect inspection and study its ability to characterize 3D high aspect ratio (HAR) features. For defect inspection applications, we extend the simulation space well beyond the 11 nm node, based on dense features with CDs ranging from 13 nm to 7 nm. The optical response of a variety of patterned defect modes, sizes, and heights was likewise explored under different polarization and wavelength illumination conditions. Results indicate TSOM has the ability to extract defect signal for most of the cases studied. Work on HAR features focused on exploring 3D sensitivity to features such as bottom CD, sidewall angle, and depth. HAR targets were studied using simulations down to the 11 nm node. Promising results were observed in terms of sensitivity to bottom CD, sidewall angle, and depth. C1 [Arceo, Abraham; Bunday, Benjamin] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Attota, Ravikiran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arceo, A (reprint author), SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM abraham.arceo@sematech.org; ben.bunday@sematech.org; ravikiran.attota@nist.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9463-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8681 AR UNSP 86812G DI 10.1117/12.2013777 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGI87 UT WOS:000323182500075 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Goasmat, F Sohn, MY Zhou, H Silver, RM Arceo, A AF Barnes, Bryan M. Goasmat, Francois Sohn, Martin Y. Zhou, Hui Silver, Richard M. Arceo, Abraham BE Starikov, A Cain, JP TI Enhancing 9 nm Node Dense Patterned Defect Optical Inspection using Polarization, Angle, and Focus SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 25-28, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE Defect detection; Scatterfield optical microscopy; bright-field microscopy; dark-field microscopy; volumetric imaging AB To measure the new SEMATECH 9 nm node Intentional Defect Array (IDA) and subsequent small, complex defects, a methodology has been used to exploit the rich information content generated when simulating or acquiring several images of sub-wavelength-sized defects through best focus. These images, which are xy planes, collected using polarized illumination are stacked according to focus position, z, and through interpolation, volumetric pixels ("voxels") are formed sized approximately 40 nm per side. From the image data, an intensity can be assigned to each (x,y,z) position. These four-dimensional matrices are extensively filtered for defect detection using multi-dimensional intensity thresholding, nearest-neighbor criteria, continuity requirements, and other techniques standard to optical defect inspection. A simulation example with oblique angles of illumination is presented. Experimental results are shown from the NIST lambda=193 nm Microscope using full-field illumination. Volumetric data analysis is compared against the processing of single 2-D images. Defect metrics for comparing planar and volumetric data are developed with the potential shown for a five-fold increase in defect sensitivity using volumetric data versus conventional imaging. C1 [Barnes, Bryan M.; Goasmat, Francois; Sohn, Martin Y.; Zhou, Hui; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.barnes@nist.gov NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9463-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8681 AR UNSP 86810E DI 10.1117/12.2012250 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGI87 UT WOS:000323182500014 ER PT S AU Bunday, B Germer, TA Vartanian, V Cordes, A Cepler, A Settens, C AF Bunday, Benjamin Germer, Thomas A. Vartanian, Victor Cordes, Aaron Cepler, Aron Settens, Charles BE Starikov, A Cain, JP TI Gaps Analysis for CD Metrology Beyond the 22 nm Node SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 25-28, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE Critical dimension; gaps analysis; metrology; OCD; CD-SEM; CD; CD-SAXS; scatterometry; FinFET; HAR ID SEM; ANGLE AB This paper will examine the future for critical dimension (CD) metrology. First, we will present the extensive list of applications for which CD metrology solutions are needed, showing commonalities and differences among the various applications. We will then report on the expected technical limits of the metrology solutions currently being investigated by SEMATECH and others in the industry to address the metrology challenges of future nodes, including conventional CD scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM) and optical critical dimension (OCD) metrology and new potential solutions such as He-ion microscopy (HeIM, sometimes elsewhere referred to as HIM), CD atomic force microscopy (CD-AFM), CD small-angle x-ray scattering (CD-SAXS), high-voltage scanning electron microscopy (HV-SEM), and other types. A technical gap analysis matrix will then be demonstrated, showing the current state of understanding of the future of the CD metrology space. C1 [Bunday, Benjamin; Vartanian, Victor; Cordes, Aaron; Cepler, Aron] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Cepler, Aron; Settens, Charles] Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY USA. RP Bunday, B (reprint author), SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. NR 66 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9463-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8681 AR UNSP 86813B DI 10.1117/12.2012472 PG 29 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGI87 UT WOS:000323182500100 ER PT S AU Lemaillet, P Germer, TA Kline, RJ Sunday, DF Wang, CQ Wu, WL AF Lemaillet, P. Germer, T. A. Kline, R. Joseph Sunday, Daniel F. Wang, Chengqing Wu, Wen-Li BE Starikov, A Cain, JP TI Intercomparison between optical and x-ray scatterometry measurements of FinFET structures SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 25-28, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE CD-SAXS; ellipsometry; OCD; optical critical dimension; scatterometry; small angle x-ray scattering ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; GRATINGS; IMPLEMENTATION; FORMULATION AB In this paper, we present a comparison of profile measurements of vertical field effect transistor (FinFET) fin arrays by optical critical dimension (OCD) metrology and critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) metrology. Spectroscopic Muller matrix elements measurements were performed at various azimuthal angles for OCD, and X-ray diffraction intensities were collected for different incident angles in CD-SAXS measurements. A common trapezoidal model was used to compute the OCD and CD-SAXS signatures, using rigorous coupled wave (RCW) analysis and a 2D Fourier transform, respectively. Profile parameters, some material parameters, and instruments parameters were adjusted by a non-linear fitting procedure of the data. Results from both measurement techniques were compared and found in reasonable agreement with one another, although some of the parameters have differences that exceed the estimated uncertainties. C1 [Lemaillet, P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Germer, T. A.; Kline, R. Joseph; Sunday, Daniel F.; Wang, Chengqing; Wu, Wen-Li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lemaillet, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9463-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8681 AR UNSP 86810Q DI 10.1117/12.2011144 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGI87 UT WOS:000323182500026 ER PT S AU Nardi, D Hoogeboom-Pot, KM Hernandez-Charpak, JN Tripp, M King, SW Anderson, EH Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Nardi, Damiano Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen M. Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge N. Tripp, Marie King, Sean W. Anderson, Erik H. Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. BE Starikov, A Cain, JP TI Probing limits of acoustic nanometrology using coherent extreme ultraviolet light SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 25-28, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE metrology; photoacoustics; surface acoustic wave; longitudinal acoustic wave; thin film; low-k; extreme ultraviolet; high harmonic generation; Young's modulus; Poisson's ratio ID FILMS AB Photoacoustic nanometrology using coherent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light detection is a unique and powerful tool for probing ultrathin films with a wide range of mechanical properties and thicknesses well under 100 nm. In this technique, short wavelength acoustic waves are generated through laser excitation of a nano-patterned metallic grating, and then probed by diffracting coherent EUV beams from the dynamic surface deformation. Both longitudinal and surface acoustic waves within thin films and metallic nanostructures can be observed using EUV light as a phase-sensitive probe. The use of nanostructured metal transducers enables the generation of particularly short wavelength surface acoustic waves, which truly confine the measurement within the ultrathin film layer of interest, to thicknesses < 50 nm for the first time. Simultaneous measurement of longitudinal and transverse surface wave velocities yields both the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the film. In the future, this approach will make possible precise mechanical characterization of nanostructured systems at sub-10 nm length scales. C1 [Nardi, Damiano; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen M.; Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge N.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardi, Damiano; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen M.; Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge N.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, NSF Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Techno, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardi, Damiano; Hoogeboom-Pot, Kathleen M.; Hernandez-Charpak, Jorge N.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nardi, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM damiano.nardi@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU SRC [2012-OJ-2304]; National Science Foundation [DGE 1144083]; NSF Engineering Research Center; EUV Science and Technology FX This work was supported by the SRC Contract 2012-OJ-2304, by the National Science Foundation under Award No.: DGE 1144083, used facilities provided by the NSF Engineering Research Center in EUV Science and Technology. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9463-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8681 AR UNSP 86810N DI 10.1117/12.2011194 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGI87 UT WOS:000323182500023 ER PT S AU Settens, C Bunday, B Thiel, B Kline, RJ Sunday, D Wang, CQ Wu, WL Matyi, R AF Settens, Charles Bunday, Benjamin Thiel, Brad Kline, R. Joseph Sunday, Daniel Wang, Chengqing Wu, Wen-li Matyi, Richard BE Starikov, A Cain, JP TI Critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering measurements of FinFET and 3D memory structures SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography CY FEB 25-28, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Nova Measuring Instruments Inc DE CD-SAXS; small angle x-ray scattering; transmission; FinFET; 3D memory; high-aspect-ratio; HAR; CD metrology AB We have demonstrated that transmission critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) provides high accuracy and precision CD measurements on advanced 3D microelectronic architectures. The competitive advantage of CD-SAXS over current 3D metrology methods such as optical scatterometry is that CD-SAXS is able to decouple and fit cross-section parameters without any significant parameter cross-correlations. As the industry aggressively scales beyond the 22 nm node, CD-SAXS can be used to quantitatively measure nanoscale deviations in the average cross-sections of FinFETs and high-aspect ratio (HAR) memory devices. Fitting the average cross-section of 18:1 isolated HAR contact holes with an effective trapezoid model yielded an average pitch of 796.9 +/- 0.4 nm, top diameter of 70.3 +/- 0.9 nm, height of 1088 +/- 4 nm, and sidewall angle below 0.1 degrees. Simulations of dense 40:1 HAR contact holes and FinFET fin-gate crossbar structures have been analyzed using CD-SAXS to inquire the theoretical precision of the technique to measure important process parameters such as fin CD, height, and sidewall angle; BOX etch recess, thickness of hafnium oxide and titanium nitride layers; gate CD, height, and sidewall angle; and hafnium oxide and titanium nitride etch recess. The simulations of HAR and FinFET structures mimic the characteristics of experimental data collected at a synchrotron x-ray source. Using the CD-SAXS simulator, we estimate the measurement capabilities for smaller similar structures expected at future nodes to predict the applicability of this technique to fulfill important CD metrology needs. C1 [Settens, Charles; Thiel, Brad; Matyi, Richard] Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY USA. [Bunday, Benjamin; Thiel, Brad] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Kline, R. Joseph; Sunday, Daniel; Wang, Chengqing; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Settens, C (reprint author), Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY USA. FU E.I. DuPont de Nemours Co; The Dow Chemical Company and Northwestern University; APS; Office of Science User Facility; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science; Argonne National Laboratory; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); SEMATECH; College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE); International SEMATECH Manufacturing; Initiative and ISMI; SEMATECH, Inc FX The SEMATECH and College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering authors would like to thank Dr. Wen-li Wu and the NIST Materials Science and Engineering Division, Electronics Materials Group who have done much of the pioneering work in CD-SAXS and have developed the simulator kernels used for this work. Also, we would like to acknowledge the help of Victor Vartanian, Hugh Porter, Aron Cepler, Aaron Cordes, Abraham Arceo, Michael Lercel, SEMATECH Combined Metrology Advisory Group (XMAG) and SEMATECH Metrology Program Advisory Group (MPAG) for their direction and useful suggestions. We also thank Yuki Chiba, Timothy Gilday, and Akiteru Ko of TEL for their HAR etch expertise. Portions of this work were performed at the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team (DND-CAT) located at Sector 5 of the Advanced Photon Source (APS). DND-CAT is supported by E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., The Dow Chemical Company and Northwestern University. Use of the APS, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified in order to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), by SEMATECH, or by the College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE).International SEMATECH Manufacturing Initiative and ISMI are servicemarks of SEMATECH, Inc. SEMATECH, and the SEMATECH logo are registered servicemarks of SEMATECH, Inc. All other servicemarks and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9463-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8681 AR UNSP 86810L DI 10.1117/12.2012019 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGI87 UT WOS:000323182500021 ER PT S AU Weiss, BA Fronczek, L Morse, E Kootbally, Z Schlenoff, C AF Weiss, Brian A. Fronczek, Lisa Morse, Emile Kootbally, Zeid Schlenoff, Craig BE Agaian, SS Jassim, SA Du, EY TI Performance Assessments of Android (TM)-powered Military Applications Operating on Tactical Handheld Devices SO MOBILE MULTIMEDIA/IMAGE PROCESSING, SECURITY, AND APPLICATIONS 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Mobile Multimedia/Image Processing, Security, and Applications CY APR 29-30, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Performance Evaluation; Metrics; Android; Military; Functional Testing; Regression Testing; Usability AB Transformative Apps (TransApps) is a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) funded program whose goal is to develop a range of militarily-relevant software applications ("apps") to enhance the operational-effectiveness of military personnel on (and off) the battlefield. TransApps is also developing a military apps marketplace to facilitate rapid development and dissemination of applications to address user needs by connecting engaged communities of end-users with development groups. The National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST) role in the TransApps program is to design and implement evaluation procedures to assess the performance of: 1) the various software applications, 2) software-hardware interactions, and 3) the supporting online application marketplace. Specifically, NIST is responsible for evaluating 50+ tactically-relevant applications operating on numerous Android (TM)-powered platforms. NIST efforts include functional regression testing and quantitative performance testing. This paper discusses the evaluation methodologies used to assess the performance of three key program elements: 1) handheld-based applications and their integration with various hardware platforms, 2) client-based applications, and 3) network technologies operating on both the handheld and client systems along with their integration into the application marketplace. Handheld-based applications are assessed using a combination of utility and usability-based checklists and quantitative performance tests. Client-based applications are assessed to replicate current overseas disconnected operations (i.e., no network connectivity between handhelds) and to assess connected operations envisioned for later use. Finally, networked applications are assessed on handhelds to establish baselines of performance for when connectivity will be common usage. C1 [Weiss, Brian A.; Fronczek, Lisa; Morse, Emile; Kootbally, Zeid; Schlenoff, Craig] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weiss, BA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Brian.weiss@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9546-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8755 AR UNSP 875504 DI 10.1117/12.2014771 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGN80 UT WOS:000323598400003 ER PT J AU Choi, CJ Semancik, S AF Choi, Charles J. Semancik, Steve TI Multi-resonant plasmonic nanodome arrays for label-free biosensing applications SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID PHOTONIC CRYSTAL BIOSENSORS; ENHANCED-FLUORESCENCE; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; BIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS; OPTICAL BIOSENSOR; SURFACE; RESONANCE; SENSOR; SPECTROSCOPY; IMMUNOASSAY AB The characteristics and utility of plasmonic nanodome arrays capable of supporting multiple resonance modes are described. A low-cost, large-area replica molding process is used to produce, on flexible plastic substrates, two-dimensional periodic arrays of cylinders that are subsequently coated with SiO2 and Ag thin films to form dome-shaped structures, with 14 nm spacing between the features, in a precise and reproducible fashion. Three distinct optical resonance modes, a grating diffraction mode and two localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) modes, are observed experimentally and confirmed by finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) modeling which is used to calculate the electromagnetic field distribution of each resonance around the nanodome array structure. Each optical mode is characterized by measuring sensitivity to bulk refractive index changes and to surface effects, which are examined using stacked polyelectrolyte layers. The utility of the plasmonic nanodome array as a functional interface for biosensing applications is demonstrated by performing a bioassay to measure the binding affinity constant between protein A and human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a model system. The nanoreplica molding process presented in this work allows for simple, inexpensive, high-throughput fabrication of nanoscale plasmonic structures over a large surface area (120 x 120 mm(2)) without the requirement for high resolution lithography or additional processes such as etching or liftoff. The availability of multiple resonant modes, each with different optical properties, allows the nanodome array surface to address a wide range of biosensing problems with various target analytes of different sizes and configurations. C1 [Choi, Charles J.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.choi@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The authors thank Kurt Benkstein, Rebecca Zangmeister, Alexander Peterson, and Dean Ripple for valuable comments and assistance relevant to this work. C. J. C. is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Post-doctoral Research Associateship Award administered through the National Research Council. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 74 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 17 BP 8138 EP 8145 DI 10.1039/c3nr02374e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 198YA UT WOS:000322958800061 PM 23884400 ER PT B AU Balakirsky, S Kootbally, Z AF Balakirsky, Stephen Kootbally, Zeid GP ASME TI USARSIM/ROS: A COMBINED FRAMEWORK FOR ROBOTIC CONTROL AND SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME/ISCIE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FLEXIBLE AUTOMATION, ISFA 2012 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME/ISCIE International Symposium on Flexible Automation (ISFA2012) CY JUN 18-20, 2012 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers AB The Robot Operating System (ROS) is steadily gaining popularity among robotics researchers as an open source framework for robot control. Additionally, the Unified System for Automation and Robot Simulation (USARSim) has already been used for many years by robotics researchers and developers as a validated framework for simulation. This paper presents a new ROS node that is designed to seamlessly interface between ROS and USARSim. It provides for automatic configuration of ROS transforms and topics to allow for full utilization of the simulated hardware. The design of the new node, as well as examples of its use for mobile robot and robotic arm control are presented. C1 [Balakirsky, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.balakirsky@nist.gov; zeid.kootbally@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4511-0 PY 2013 BP 101 EP 108 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BGO46 UT WOS:000323630300016 ER PT J AU Mansfield, ML Douglas, JF AF Mansfield, Marc L. Douglas, Jack F. TI Is duplex DNA a swollen random coil? SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SCATTERING; MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; DIFFUSION; LENGTH AB Direct observation of the Brownian motion of linear and circular duplex DNA in the chain-length range from about 5 to 300 kilo-basepairs (kbp), as reported by Smith, Perkins, and Chu, [Macromolecules, 1996, 29, 1372-1373] and by Robertson, Laib, and Smith, [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2006, 103, 7310-7314] has indicated an effective mass-scaling exponent for diffusion, nu(H), of approximately 0.6, and this correlation was interpreted as implying that duplex DNA in this chain-length range can be described as a flexible polymer swollen by excluded volume interactions. However, we present computational evidence, based on our path-integration technique for computing transport properties, that indicates this inference needs to be reconsidered. Because of variable draining effects, the ratio R-h/R-g for random-coil polymers, including DNA, varies gradually throughout the chain-length range of interest, and does not stabilize to an asymptotic value until the chains are extremely long. This slow exponent crossover is particularly extended in stiff chains such as DNA. In particular, we find that if we take duplex DNA to be a worm-like chain comprised of a number of base pairs in the range between 5 and 300 kbp, then the effective exponent nu(H) happens to be about 0.6, while the effective exponent, nu, for the radius of gyration, R-g, is about 0.52 and 0.51, with and without chain excluded volume, respectively. These results were obtained directly for a stiff lattice-chain model that agrees very well with the predictions of the continuum worm-like chain model. Based on these calculations and consistent experimental observations, we suggest that duplex DNA having a length below about 300 kbp is better described as a worm-like chain than a self-avoiding walk. C1 [Mansfield, Marc L.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansfield, ML (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem Chem Biol & Biomed Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM marc.mansfield@usu.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 37 BP 8914 EP 8922 DI 10.1039/c3sm51187a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 210OW UT WOS:000323844600015 ER PT J AU Saeki, T Maksyutov, S Saito, M Valsala, V Oda, T Andres, RJ Belikov, D Tans, P Dlugokencky, E Yoshida, Y Morino, I Uchino, O Yokota, T AF Saeki, T. Maksyutov, S. Saito, M. Valsala, V. Oda, T. Andres, R. J. Belikov, D. Tans, P. Dlugokencky, E. Yoshida, Y. Morino, I. Uchino, O. Yokota, T. TI Inverse Modeling of CO2 Fluxes Using GOSAT Data and Multi-Year Ground-Based Observations SO SOLA LA English DT Article ID GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; VALIDATION; SPECTROMETER; ASSIMILATION; ECOSYSTEMS; METHANE; BUDGET; SINKS AB We present surface CO2 flux estimates obtained by an inverse modeling analysis from column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) observed by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and ground-based data. Two inversion cases were examined: 1) a decadal inversion using ground-based CO2 observations by NOAA from 1999 to 2010 to derive CO2 flux interannual variability, and 2) an inversion using NOAA plus NIES GOSAT XCO2 data from June 2009 to October 2010. We used single-shot GOSAT data and individual NOAA flask data for the inversions. Our results show differences in estimated fluxes between the NOAA data inversion and the NOAA plus GOSAT data inversion, especially in Northern Eurasia and in Equatorial Africa and America where the ground-based observational sites were sparse. Uncertainty reduction rates of 40%-70% were achieved by inclusion of GOSAT data, compared to the case using just the NOAA data. The inclusion of GOSAT data in the inversion resulted in larger summer sinks in northwest Boreal Eurasia and a smaller summer sink in southeast Boreal Eurasia, with a clear uncertainty reduction in both regions. Adding GOSAT data also led to increase in Tropical African fluxes in boreal winter beyond interannual variability from NOAA data inversions. C1 [Saeki, T.; Maksyutov, S.; Belikov, D.; Yoshida, Y.; Morino, I.; Uchino, O.; Yokota, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Saito, M.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Valsala, V.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. [Oda, T.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oda, T.; Tans, P.; Dlugokencky, E.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Andres, R. J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Belikov, D.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. RP Saeki, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM saeki.tazu@nies.go.jp RI Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Belikov, Dmitry/I-9877-2016; OI Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979 FU Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; National Institute for Environmental Studies; Japanese Ministry of the Environment; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX The GOSAT Project is a joint undertaking of three organizations: the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the National Institute for Environmental Studies, and the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. The authors would like to thank T. Takagi at NIES and Advance Soft Corp., and the members of the GOSAT Project for their contribution to this work. The model simulations were performed with the GOSAT Research Computation Facility (GOSAT RCF). We thank K. Hiraki, the administrator of the RCF, for his support. RJA was sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 1349-6476 J9 SOLA JI SOLA PY 2013 VL 9 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.2151/sola.2013-011 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203TT UT WOS:000323317100011 ER PT J AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George D. TI Edge chip testing of ceramics SO AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-RESISTANCE; BRITTLE MATERIALS; RESIN-COMPOSITE; TOUGHNESS; STRENGTH; GEOMETRY; FLAKING C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM george.quinn@nist.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 600 N CLEVELAND AVE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43082 USA SN 0002-7812 EI 1945-2705 J9 AM CERAM SOC BULL JI Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 92 IS 1 BP 24 EP 28 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 204UI UT WOS:000323396100008 ER PT J AU Forbes, TP Brewer, TM Gillen, G AF Forbes, Thomas P. Brewer, Tim M. Gillen, Greg TI Desorption electro-flow focusing ionization of explosives and narcotics for ambient pressure mass spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY; SONIC SPRAY IONIZATION; MECHANISMS; SURFACES; DYNAMICS; FIELD; SIMULATION; VERSATILE; DROPLETS; BREAKUP AB Desorption electro-flow focusing ionization (DEFFI), a desorption-based ambient ion source, was developed, characterized, and evaluated as a possible source for field deployable ambient pressure mass spectrometry (APMS). DEFFI, based on an electro-flow focusing system, provides a unique configuration for the generation of highly charged energetic droplets for sample analysis and ionization. A concentrically flowing carrier gas focuses the liquid emanating from a capillary through a small orifice, generating a steady fluid jet. An electric field is applied across this jet formation region, producing high velocity charged droplets that impinge on an analyte laden surface. This configuration separates the jet charging region from the external environment, eliminating detrimental effects from droplet space charge or target surface charging. The sample desorption and ionization processes operate similar to desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). DEFFI demonstrated strong signal intensities and improved signal-to-noise ratios in both positive and negative mode mass spectrometry for narcotics, i.e., cocaine, and explosives, i.e., cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), respectively. A characterization of DEFFI ionization mechanisms identified operation regimes of both electrospray and corona discharge based analyte ionization, as well as limitations in overall signal. In addition, the DEFFI response was directly compared to DESI-MS under similar operating conditions. This comparison established a wider and more stable optimal operating range, while requiring an order of magnitude lower applied gas pressure and applied potential for DEFFI than DESI. These reductions are due to the physical mode of jet formation and geometric configuration differences between DEFFI and DESI, pointing to a potential benefit of DEFFI-MS for field implementation. C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.; Brewer, Tim M.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forbes, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The authors thank Professor Alfonso Ganan-Calvo at the University of Seville for his informative and stimulating discussion. The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2013 VL 138 IS 19 BP 5665 EP 5673 DI 10.1039/c3an01164j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 208ZO UT WOS:000323722600020 PM 23923127 ER PT J AU Keledjian, AJ Mesnick, S AF Keledjian, Amanda J. Mesnick, Sarah TI The Impacts of El Nino Conditions on California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) Fisheries Interactions: Predicting Spatial and Temporal Hotspots Along the California Coast SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE hotspots; California sea lion; Zalophus californianus; fisheries interactions; El Nino Southern Oscillation; California Current Ecosystem; stranding ID MARINE MAMMAL HEALTH; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SAN-NICOLAS; ISLAND; PINNIPEDS; DIET; ENTANGLEMENT; VARIABILITY AB California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) are often viewed as a sentinel species whose health can be affected by prevailing oceanographic conditions and environmental quality. For this reason, it has become increasingly important to study natural stressors and anthropogenic impacts that can lead to diminished health and survival among individuals of this coastal species. In this study, Z. californianus stranding records spanning 1983 to 2010 were used to first identify regional and seasonal fisheries interaction hotspots in California, and second, to examine how these hotspots might change under additional environmental stress induced by El Nino oceanographic conditions that can affect prey availability. Analyzing mean monthly fisheries interaction cases as an example of human-related stranding revealed that (1) the number of monthly fisheries interaction cases has risen significantly over time proportional to statewide abundance estimates; (2) cases were significantly higher in Monterey, Los Angeles, and Orange Counties; (3) cases peaked May through August; and (4) fisheries interactions were significantly greater during El Nino conditions throughout the state. These results indicated that over a 27-y period, California sea lion health was affected by oceanographic conditions and that anthropogenic impacts may be heightened in early summer following the weaning period when young animals learning to forage may be less successful in El Nino conditions. Spatially and temporally explicit data such as these can be useful in mapping marine mammal health and understanding the dynamic natural and anthropogenic landscapes in which they are a part. C1 [Keledjian, Amanda J.; Mesnick, Sarah] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Mesnick, Sarah] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Keledjian, AJ (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM AKeledjian@oceana.org FU National Marine Fisheries Service's Southwest Science Center and Regional Office; California stranding network partners FX This work would not have been possible without the support and collaboration of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Southwest Science Center and Regional Office and the California stranding network partners. We would also like to thank Mark Lowry, Jeff Laake, and the staff at the NOAA Pacific Fisheries Environmental Lab for statistical support and advice in analyzing pup counts and oceanographic indices. We also offer our gratitude to reviewers whose comments and suggestions significantly improved the manuscript. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 57 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 3 BP 221 EP 232 DI 10.1578/AM.39.3.2013.221 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 206UP UT WOS:000323549300002 ER PT J AU Petzold, A Ogren, JA Fiebig, M Laj, P Li, SM Baltensperger, U Holzer-Popp, T Kinne, S Pappalardo, G Sugimoto, N Wehrli, C Wiedensohler, A Zhang, XY AF Petzold, A. Ogren, J. A. Fiebig, M. Laj, P. Li, S. -M. Baltensperger, U. Holzer-Popp, T. Kinne, S. Pappalardo, G. Sugimoto, N. Wehrli, C. Wiedensohler, A. Zhang, X. -Y TI Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL LIGHT-ABSORPTION; PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; REAL-TIME MEASUREMENT; LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; ELEMENTAL CARBON; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SPECTRAL DEPENDENCE; FRESNO SUPERSITE AB Although black carbon (BC) is one of the key atmospheric particulate components driving climate change and air quality, there is no agreement on the terminology that considers all aspects of specific properties, definitions, measurement methods, and related uncertainties. As a result, there is much ambiguity in the scientific literature of measurements and numerical models that refer to BC with different names and based on different properties of the particles, with no clear definition of the terms. The authors present here a recommended terminology to clarify the terms used for BC in atmospheric research, with the goal of establishing unambiguous links between terms, targeted material properties and associated measurement techniques. C1 [Petzold, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Ogren, J. A.] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fiebig, M.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Laj, P.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Baltensperger, U.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Holzer-Popp, T.] DLR, Deutsch Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Kinne, S.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Pappalardo, G.] Ist Metodol Anal Ambientale CNR IMAA, I-85050 Potenza, Italy. [Sugimoto, N.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Wehrli, C.] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos PMOD WRC, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. [Wiedensohler, A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Zhang, X. -Y] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Petzold, A (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch IEK 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM a.petzold@fz-juelich.de RI Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Sugimoto, Nobuo/C-5189-2015; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Sugimoto, Nobuo/0000-0002-0545-1316; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 122 TC 168 Z9 172 U1 11 U2 102 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 16 BP 8365 EP 8379 DI 10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207TJ UT WOS:000323626500016 ER PT J AU Marandino, CA Tegtmeier, S Kruger, K Zindler, C Atlas, EL Moore, F Bange, HW AF Marandino, C. A. Tegtmeier, S. Krueger, K. Zindler, C. Atlas, E. L. Moore, F. Bange, H. W. TI Dimethylsulphide (DMS) emissions from the western Pacific Ocean: a potential marine source for stratospheric sulphur? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; SULFATE AEROSOL; WATER-VAPOR; TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERE; CONVECTION; CLIMATE; AIR; PHYTOPLANKTON AB Sea surface and atmospheric measurements of dimethylsulphide (DMS) were performed during the TransBrom cruise in the western Pacific Ocean between Japan and Australia in October 2009. Air-sea DMS fluxes were computed between 0 and 30 mu mol m(-2) d(-1), which are in agreement with those computed by the current climatology, and peak emissions of marine DMS into the atmosphere were found during the occurrence of tropical storm systems. Atmospheric variability in DMS, however, did not follow that of the computed fluxes and was more related to atmospheric transport processes. The computed emissions were used as input fields for the Lagrangian dispersion model FLEX-PART, which was set up with actual meteorological fields from ERA-Interim data and different chemical lifetimes of DMS. A comparison with aircraft in situ data from the adjacent HIPPO2 campaign revealed an overall good agreement between modelled versus observed DMS profiles over the tropical western Pacific Ocean. Based on observed DMS emissions and meteorological fields along the cruise track, the model projected that up to 30 g S per month in the form of DMS, emitted from an area of 6x10(4) m(2), can be transported above 17 km. This surprisingly large DMS entrainment into the stratosphere is disproportionate to the regional extent of the area of emissions and mainly due to the high convective activity in this region as simulated by the transport model. Thus, if DMS can cross the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), we suggest that the considerably larger area of the tropical western Pacific Ocean can be a source of sulphur to the stratosphere, which has not been considered as yet. C1 [Marandino, C. A.; Tegtmeier, S.; Krueger, K.; Zindler, C.; Bange, H. W.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MAC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Moore, F.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Marandino, CA (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Zentrum Ozeanforsch Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM cmarandino@geomar.de RI Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 FU BMBF [SOPRAN II FKZ 03F0462A, 03G0731A]; WGL project TransBrom; Christa Marandino's Helmholtz Young Investigator Group TRASE-EC; Helmholtz Association through the President's Initiative and Networking Fund; Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR); BMBF ROMIC-THREAT [01LG1217A] FX We acknowledge the support of the captain and crew of R/V Sonne as well as the chief scientist of "TransBrom-Sonne", Birgit Quack. The authors are grateful for fruitful discussions with Douglas Wallace and Arne Koertzinger. We thank Franziska Wittke for assistance with the measurements of the sulphur compounds and Sebastian Wache and Steffen Fuhlbrugge for the trajectory analysis and creating Fig. 1. Financial support of this study was provided by the BMBF grant SOPRAN II FKZ 03F0462A and by the WGL project TransBrom (www.geomar.de/similar to transbrom). The R/V Sonne transit cruise was financed by the BMBF through grant 03G0731A. C. Marandino and C. Zindler were partly financed by Christa Marandino's Helmholtz Young Investigator Group TRASE-EC, funded by the Helmholtz Association through the President's Initiative and Networking Fund and the Helmholtz-Zentrum fur Ozeanforschung Kiel (GEOMAR). Results from this work contribute to the BMBF ROMIC-THREAT grant 01LG1217A NR 57 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 16 BP 8427 EP 8437 DI 10.5194/acp-13-8427-2013 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207TJ UT WOS:000323626500020 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Norcross, R Falco, J Marvel, J AF Bostelman, Roger Norcross, Richard Falco, Joe Marvel, Jeremy BE Braun, JJ TI Development of Standard Test Methods for Unmanned and Manned Industrial Vehicles Used Near Humans SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2013 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE automated guided vehicles; ANSI/ITSDF B56.5 safety standard; force measurement; collaborative work spaces AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been researching human-robot-vehicle collaborative environments for automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and manned forklifts. Safety of AGVs and manned vehicles with automated functions (e.g., forklifts that slow/stop automatically in hazardous situations) are the focus of the American National Standards Institute/Industrial Truck Safety Development Foundation (ANSI/ITSDF) B56.5 safety standard. Recently, the NIST Mobile Autonomous Vehicle Obstacle Detection/Avoidance (MAVODA) Project began researching test methods to detect humans or other obstacles entering the vehicle's path. This causes potential safety hazards in manufacturing facilities where both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight conditions are prevalent. The test methods described in this paper address both of these conditions. These methods will provide the B56.5 committee with the measurement science basis for sensing systems - both non-contact and contact - that may be used in manufacturing facilities. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Norcross, Richard; Falco, Joe; Marvel, Jeremy] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9547-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8756 AR UNSP 87560P DI 10.1117/12.2019063 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGN25 UT WOS:000323554800020 ER PT S AU Long, DA Wojtewicz, S Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Wojtewicz, S. Hodges, J. T. BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Effects of incomplete light extinction in frequency-agile, rapid scanning spectroscopy SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VI CY APR 29-30, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Rapid scanning; high bandwidth; cavity ring-down spectroscopy; optical extinction; electro-optic modulator ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; CW CAVITY RING; MODULATOR AB The effect of finite beam extinction ratio on the precision and accuracy of cavity ring-down decay time constant measurements was examined using the frequency-agile, rapid scanning, cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FARS-CRDS) technique. This new approach to CRDS uses a waveguide-based electro-optic phase modulator (EOM) to provide a laser beam extinction ratio as high as 80 dB: a value that is approximate to 30 dB greater than that typically achieved with acousto-optic-modulator-based beam switches. We find that the observed measurement precision scales inversely with extinction ratio, such that an EOM enables measurement of the cavity ring-down decay time with a relative precision of approximate to 8x10(-5). We demonstrate that insufficient extinction can be the dominant cause of statistical uncertainty for extinction ratios below 60 dB. Furthermore, insufficient extinction can result in non-exponential decays, which cause systematic measurement biases in cavity losses and absorption. C1 [Long, D. A.; Wojtewicz, S.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9517-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8726 AR UNSP 87260O DI 10.1117/12.2016056 PG 6 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGM16 UT WOS:000323486900017 ER PT S AU Slattery, O Ma, LJ Kuo, P Kim, YS Tang, X AF Slattery, Oliver Ma, Lijun Kuo, Paulina Kim, Yong-Su Tang, Xiao BE Druy, MA Crocombe, RA TI Tunable up-conversion detector for single photon and bi-photon infrared spectroscopic applications SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies VI CY APR 29-30, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Correlated bi-photon spectroscopy; up-conversion detector; up-conversion spectrometer ID SPECTRAL MEASUREMENT AB A tunable waveguide-based frequency up-conversion detector is used for single photon level near infrared (IR) spectroscopic measurements. Applications include direct spectroscopic measurement of week near IR signals and remote bi-photon spectroscopy. We have demonstrated direct spectroscopy of single photon near IR signals from a greatly attenuated laser and a single photon source. We further applied the up-conversion spectrometer for frequency correlated bi-photon spectroscopy using a single photon source of non-degenerate photon pairs at 1310 nm (near IR) and 895 nm. In correlated bi-photon spectroscopy, the spectral function at one wavelength range of a remote object can be reproduced by locally measuring another (near IR) wavelength range using the up-conversion spectrometer and monitoring the coincidence counts. A near IR single photon detection efficiency of 32 % has been achieved with the up-conversion spectrometer. The spectral resolution of the system is approximately 0.2 nm at 1310 nm based on the acceptance width of the up-conversion chip used. In bi-photon spectroscopy, the spectral resolution for the correlated photons at 895 nm is approximately 0.1 nm. The sensitivity achieved using the up-conversion detector is -126 dBm at 1310 nm. C1 [Slattery, Oliver; Ma, Lijun; Kuo, Paulina; Kim, Yong-Su; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slattery, O (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9517-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8726 AR UNSP 87260Y DI 10.1117/12.2016070 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGM16 UT WOS:000323486900027 ER PT S AU Bouali, M Ignatov, A AF Bouali, Marouan Ignatov, Alexander BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Reduction of stripe noise in ACSPO clear-sky radiances and SST SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE MODIS; VIIRS; stripe noise; calibration; thermal bands; Sea Surface Temperature ID IMPULSE-RESPONSE FILTERS; GOES IMAGES; MODIS DATA AB Errors in the radiometric calibration of detectors introduce stripe noise in the images captured by multidetector spectroradiometers. Consequently, native resolution sea surface temperature (SST) maps derived from these instruments often display pronounced striping which reduces the accuracy of the data and its usefulness for low-level processing tasks such as thermal front detection. An algorithm has been designed to reduce the effect of striping and improve the imagery quality of the National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (NESDIS) Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Ocean (ACSPO) SST products. Using three days of Terra/Aqua MODIS and NPP VIIRS top-of-atmosphere clear-sky calibrated radiances, the performance of the proposed method was tested via quantitative and qualitative analysis. Preliminary results reported in this paper demonstrate substantial improvement in image quality without any impact on the geometrical features or global statistics of SST data. C1 [Bouali, Marouan; Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Bouali, M (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM marouan.bouali@noaa.gov; Alex.Ignatov@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9515-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8724 AR UNSP 87240W DI 10.1117/12.2018089 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGM74 UT WOS:000323517900029 ER PT S AU Churnside, JH AF Churnside, James H. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Effect of surface roughness on lidar overlap function SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE lidar; ocean optics; Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum; sea-surface roughness ID SHIP-BORNE LIDAR; OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; SCATTERING LAYERS; WAVES; OCEAN AB The lidar overlap function is defined as the fraction of the transmitted beam that is within the receiver field of view. For the case of bistatic oceanographic lidar from the deck of a ship, the overlap function can vary from pulse to pulse under the influence of the rough sea surface. This paper considers the overlap function as a function of depth for a bistatic lidar operating from the deck of a ship. The effect is calculated using a Monte-Carlo approach, with a Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum of surface roughness and optical ray tracing through that surface. The results show that a significant decrease in the overlap can result, even at low wind speeds. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9515-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8724 AR UNSP 872409 DI 10.1117/12.2015942 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGM74 UT WOS:000323517900009 ER PT S AU Petrenko, B Ignatov, A Kihai, Y AF Petrenko, B. Ignatov, A. Kihai, Y. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI EVALUATION AND SELECTION OF SST REGRESSION ALGORITHMS FOR S-NPP VIIRS SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring V CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE sea surface temperature; algorithms; retrieval; regression; accuracy; precision; sensitivity to true SST ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE AB Currently, two global Level 2 SST products are generated at NOAA from S-NPP VIIRS Sensor Data Records with two independent systems, JPSS Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) and Advanced Clear Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) using different retrieval algorithms. The two products differently correlate with in situ SST and L4 analyses, and the performance of IDPS SST is suboptimal. In this context, evaluation of existing operational SST algorithms was undertaken to select the optimal algorithm for VIIRS. This paper describes methodology and results of the evaluation. For all tested algorithms, SST accuracy and precision are estimated from matchups of VIIRS brightness temperatures with in situ SST, and sensitivity of retrieved SST to true SST is calculated using the Community Radiative Transfer Model. These three retrieval characteristics are dependent on observational conditions and show significant spatial variability. Therefore, we evaluate the SST algorithms by quantifying favorability of spatial distributions of retrieval characteristics for global SST product. We define for this purpose Quality Retrieval Domain (QRD) as a part of the World Ocean, within which SST accuracy, precision and sensitivity meet predefined specifications on retrieval characteristics. We show that, given a set of specifications, the QRD significantly varies between the algorithms. This makes QRD an informative measure of the algorithms' performance. Based on QRD estimates for a variety of specifications, we recommend for VIIRS the algorithms developed at the EUMETSAT Ocean & Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility as ones providing the maximum QRD under reasonable specifications on retrieval characteristics. C1 [Petrenko, B.; Ignatov, A.; Kihai, Y.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Washington, DC USA. RP Petrenko, B (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Washington, DC USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9515-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8724 AR UNSP 87240V DI 10.1117/12.2017454 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGM74 UT WOS:000323517900028 ER PT S AU Newbury, DE Ritchie, NWM AF Newbury, Dale E. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Maugel, TK TI Scanning Electron Microscopy/ Energy Dispersive Spectrometry Fixed-beam or Overscan X-ray Microanalysis of Particles Can Miss the Real Structure: X-ray Spectrum Image Mapping Reveals the True Nature SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2013: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies - Advanced Microscopy Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life, Environmental, and Industrial Sciences CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Elemental analysis; energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); silicon drift detector - energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS); quantitative analysis; x-ray microanalysis AB The typical strategy for analysis of a microscopic particle by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectrometry x-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDS) is to use a fixed beam placed at the particle center or to continuously overscan to gather an "averaged" x-ray spectrum. While useful, such strategies inevitably concede any possibility of recognizing microstructure within the particle, and such fine scale structure is often critical for understanding the origins, behavior, and fate of particles. Elemental imaging by x-ray mapping has been a mainstay of SEM/EDS analytical practice for many years, but the time penalty associated with mapping with older EDS technology has discouraged its general use and reserved it more for detailed studies that justified the time investment. The emergence of the high throughput, high peak stability silicon drift detector (SDD-EDS) has enabled a more effective particle mapping strategy: "flash" x-ray spectrum image maps can now be recorded in seconds that capture the spatial distribution of major (concentration, C > 0.1 mass fraction) and minor (0.01 <= C <= 0.1) constituents. New SEM/SDD-EDS instrument configurations feature multiple SDDs that view the specimen from widely spaced azimuthal angles. Multiple, simultaneous measurements from different angles enable x-ray spectrometry and mapping that can minimize the strong geometric effects of particles. The NIST DTSA-II software engine is a powerful aid for quantitatively analyzing EDS spectra measured individually as well as for mapping information (available free for Java-platforms at: http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div837/837.02/epq/dtsa2/index.html). C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9520-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8729 AR UNSP 872902 DI 10.1117/12.2011790 PG 9 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BGM29 UT WOS:000323493900002 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Purushotham, KP AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Purushotham, Kavuri P. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Maugel, TK TI Does Your SEM Really Tell the Truth? Part 2 SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2013: ADVANCED MICROSCOPY TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE, HOMELAND SECURITY, FORENSIC, LIFE, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCES SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies - Advanced Microscopy Technologies for Defense, Homeland Security, Forensic, Life, Environmental, and Industrial Sciences CY APR 30-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE calibration; measurements; metrology; modelling; contamination; scanning electron microscope; SEM; standards; reference material ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; CONTAMINATION; METROLOGY; REDUCTION AB The scanning electron microscope (SEM) has gone through a tremendous evolution to become indispensable for many and diverse scientific and industrial applications. The first paper in this series, discussed some of the issues related to signal generation in the SEM, instrument calibration, electron beam interactions and the need for physics-based modelling to understand the actual image formation mechanisms. All these were summed together in a discussion of how these issues effect measurements made with the instrument. This second paper discusses another major issue confronting the microscopist which is specimen contamination. Over the years, NIST has done a great deal of research into the issue of sample contamination and its removal and elimination and some of this work is reviewed and discussed here. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.; Purushotham, Kavuri P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9520-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8729 AR UNSP 872903 DI 10.1117/12.2014936 PG 6 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BGM29 UT WOS:000323493900003 ER PT S AU Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Migdall, AL AF Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Migdall, Alan L. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Gigahertz-gated InGaAs SPAD system with avalanche charge sensitivity approaching the fundamental limit SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques VII CY MAY 01-02, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Single-photon detection; Quantum communications; Avalanche photodiode; Telecommunications ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTION; ULTRA-LOW-NOISE; PHOTODIODE; WAVELENGTHS; EFFICIENT; DETECTOR AB We present an InGaAs/InP single-photon detection system operating at 1.25 GHz with detection efficiency above 50 % and per-gate afterpulse probability, measured 24.8 ns after an avalanche, below 0.2 %. The high efficiency and low afterpulse probabilities we observe are achieved with an avalanche discrimination system whose threshold for detection approaches the fundamental limit imposed by Johnson noise on a 50 Ohm load; we measure the threshold to be less than 8 fC. We discuss the design and performance of our approach, and tradeoffs between detection efficiency, afterpulse probability, and maximum count rate. C1 [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Migdall, Alan L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Restelli, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9518-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8727 AR UNSP 87270F DI 10.1117/12.2016087 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BGL65 UT WOS:000323425900005 ER PT S AU Yu, LY Kasica, RJ Newby, RN Chen, L Luciani, VK AF Yu, Liya Kasica, Richard J. Newby, Robert N. Chen, Lei Luciani, Vincent K. BE Somervell, MH Wallow, TI TI The evaluation of photo/e-beam complementary grayscale lithography for high topography 3D structure SO ADVANCES IN RESIST MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY XXX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXX CY FEB 25-27, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Amer Inc DE 3D structure; grayscale; complementary lithography; mix and match; e-beam; direct write; spray coating; high topography ID SURFACES AB This article demonstrates and evaluates the feasibility of photo/e-beam grayscale complementary lithography processes for the fabrication of large area, high topography grayscale structure. The combination of these two techniques capitalizes on the capability of photolithography to generate large three-dimensional structures and the ability of e-beam lithography to add fine structure while maintaining high vertical resolution. The litho-etching-litho-etching process reduces the challenges associated with the etching process when transferring fine features simultaneously with deep substrate etching. As a result, this approach enables the fabrication of large-scale high topography features with fine detail. In the first lithography step, a large staircase is fabricated by direct write photolithography. After the photolithography pattern has been transferred into the substrate, e-beam resist is deposited on the patterned substrate using spray coating to obtain conformal coverage on the deep stepped structure. In the second exposure step, an e-beam system further patterns the steps with finer features. Only a small number of grayscale levels are exposed which simplifies the required proximity correction in the design. A vertical resolution of 25 +/- 5 nm in a 600 nm horizontal dimension and 45 +/- 6 nm in a 300 nm horizontal feature are achieved over a 2 mu m to 30 mu m vertical depth range. The alignment strategy of complementary lithography, overlay error, and process optimization of integrating high topography and grayscale structure are discussed. C1 [Yu, Liya; Kasica, Richard J.; Newby, Robert N.; Chen, Lei; Luciani, Vincent K.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, LY (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9464-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8682 AR UNSP 868212 DI 10.1117/12.2011681 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGJ79 UT WOS:000323247200033 ER PT S AU Patrone, PN Gallatin, GM AF Patrone, Paul N. Gallatin, Gregg M. BE Tong, WM Resnick, DJ TI Block-copolymer healing of simple defects in a chemoepitaxial template SO ALTERNATIVE LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Alternative Lithographic Technologies V CY FEB 25-28, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, AZ Elect Mat ID LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; PATTERNS; LITHOGRAPHY; SIMULATIONS; POLYMERS AB Using the Leibler-Ohta-Kawasaki (LOK) phase-field model of block copolymers (BCPs), we characterize how a chemoepitaxial template with parallel lines of arbitrary width affects the BCP microdomain shape. We apply boundary conditions that account for the interactions of the polymers with the templated substrate and a neutral top-coat. We derive formulas for the monomer density and the microdomain interface profile of periodic, lamellar BCP melts whose template lines are wider or narrower than the bulk microdomain width. For such systems, our analysis (i) shows that mass conservation causes the microdomain interfaces to oscillate about their bulk positions and (ii) determines the length scale lambda over which these oscillations decay away from the substrate. C1 [Patrone, Paul N.; Gallatin, Gregg M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9462-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8680 AR UNSP 86801R DI 10.1117/12.2011656 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGI17 UT WOS:000323077100041 ER PT J AU Demoranville, LT Brewer, TM AF Demoranville, Leonard T. Brewer, Tim M. TI Ambient pressure thermal desorption ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of substances of forensic interest SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE; ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; BANKNOTES; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION; DRUGS; ABUSE; MS AB The large backlog of forensic samples needing chemical analysis requires new tools with high specificity, throughput, and reliability. Mass spectrometric techniques have the specificity and reliability necessary for identification, but often require sample preparation before analysis. The growth of ambient pressure ionization techniques has the capability to reduce the need for lengthy preparation. This report presents one possible technique, ambient pressure thermal desorption ionization mass spectrometry, which could prove to be useful to the forensic science community. Example mass spectra for several explosive compounds and illicit drugs obtained from liquid and bulk samples with almost no sample preparation are presented. The use of the technique for quantitative analysis is also addressed. C1 [Demoranville, Leonard T.; Brewer, Tim M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Demoranville, LT (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, MS 8371,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leonard.demoranville@centre.edu FU National Research Council FX L. T. Demoranville recognizes the National Research Council for funding his postdoctoral fellowship. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2013 VL 138 IS 18 BP 5332 EP 5337 DI 10.1039/c3an00726j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 201BH UT WOS:000323115200022 PM 23869379 ER PT J AU Olsen, LM Van Ardelan, M Hewes, CD Holm-Hansen, O Reiss, C Bizsel, N Sakshaug, E Vadstein, O AF Olsen, Lasse Mork Van Ardelan, Murat Hewes, Christopher D. Holm-Hansen, Osmund Reiss, Christian Bizsel, Nihayet Sakshaug, Egil Vadstein, Olav TI Microbial biogeography during austral summer 2007 in the surface waters around the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Microbial biogeography; Microbial community; Natural iron enrichment; Southern Ocean ID GRADIENT GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ELEPHANT ISLAND; WEDDELL SEA; ASSEMBLAGES; PENINSULA; OCEAN AB Recent studies have concluded that different water bodies in the ocean can contain different microbial communities. The goal of the present study was to determine if biogeographic patterns are present for aquatic microbes in waters which meet around the South Shetland Islands (SSI), Antarctica. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic marine microbial communities were monitored during the 2007 austral summer by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of small subunit ribosomal DNA. Hydrographic properties, nutrients and chlorophyll a were also measured. There was an onshore to offshore gradient in temperature, salinity and iron concentration and a unimodal distribution of chlorophyll a concentration in relation to the middle of this gradient that occurred near the SSI. The differences in microbial community structure among stations in the studied area were correlated with both geographical distance and environmental factors. For eukaryotes, the correlation was strongest for environment, whereas it was strongest for geographical distance for the prokaryotes. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic community structures were highly correlated. Surface water from the Weddell Sea had a different community of eukaryotes than the water in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Drake Passage, whereas the prokaryotic community was not significantly different. The area close to the SSI where the 2 water types mix had the highest chlorophyll concentration and significantly different communities of eukaryotes and prokaryotes from both of the inflowing water types. These results suggest that the prokaryote community structure was more affected by productivity than by environmental variables. C1 [Olsen, Lasse Mork; Sakshaug, Egil] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Van Ardelan, Murat] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Chem, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Hewes, Christopher D.; Holm-Hansen, Osmund] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, Polar Res Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Reiss, Christian] NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bizsel, Nihayet] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Inst Marine Sci & Technol, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. [Vadstein, Olav] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Biotechnol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. RP Olsen, LM (reprint author), Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol NTNU, Dept Biol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. EM lasse.mork.olsen@ntnu.no RI Ardelan, Murat /J-6492-2013 OI Ardelan, Murat /0000-0002-0824-5331 FU Norwegian Polar Institute [3557-103]; US AMLR Program [NA17RJ1231] FX Thanks to the crew on RV 'Yuzhmorgeologiya' and the NOAA US Antartctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) program team for help with logistics and sample collection, M. Ostensen for DGGE analysis, S. Lierhagen for HR-ICP-MS analysis, S. Norland for the Gel2k program and C. Harrod for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was funded by the Norwegian Polar Institute (grant 3557-103, E.S.) and the US AMLR Program, administered by the Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division at NOAA's Southwest Fisheries Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA, under grant NA17RJ1231 (O.H.H.). Views contained herein are those of the authors and do not reflect those of NPI or NOAA. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PY 2013 VL 70 IS 2 BP 131 EP + DI 10.3354/ame01650 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 206CA UT WOS:000323492600003 ER PT S AU Tarrio, C Berg, RF Hill, SB Grantham, S Faradzhev, NS Lucatorto, TB AF Tarrio, C. Berg, R. F. Hill, S. B. Grantham, S. Faradzhev, N. S. Lucatorto, T. B. BE Naulleau, PP TI Effects of varying the parameters in witness-sample-based photoresist outgas testing: dependence of the carbon growth on pumping speed and the dose, time, and area of resist exposure SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY IV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography IV CY FEB 25-28, 2013 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Cymer Inc DE Photoresist; contamination; optics lifetime; outgassing; EUV AB In this work, we discuss several parameters influencing extreme ultraviolet (EUV) resist qualification test results. The witness sample resist qualifications test is implemented on several different instruments world wide. The original protocol for the test developed by the tool manufacturer requires that a 300 mm wafer be exposed to a dose to clear in one hour. Also required is that the carbon contamination rate on the witness sample be mass limited, i.e., that the rate be saturated with respect to the EUV or e-beam intensity. Simple arguments have been presented in the past to show that the thickness of the carbon growth should be inversely proportional to the pumping speed and proportional to the area exposed if dose and duration were held constant. The present experiments demonstrate the real-life limitations of these arguments and provide validation to our area scaling procedure to equate test results done with 200 mm wafers to results expected for 300 mm wafers. In the process of studying the dependence of carbon growth on pumping speed, we encountered the important effect of increased partial pressure on the degree of intensity saturation. C1 [Tarrio, C.; Berg, R. F.; Hill, S. B.; Grantham, S.; Faradzhev, N. S.; Lucatorto, T. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.tarrio@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9461-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8679 AR UNSP 867920 DI 10.1117/12.2011663 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGI15 UT WOS:000323069800059 ER PT S AU Mink, A Nakassis, A AF Mink, Alan Nakassis, Anastase BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE TI Practical Strategies for QKD Key Production SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XI CY MAY 02-03, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quantum key distribution; QKD reconciliation; Entropy; LDPC codes; Polar codes ID CODES AB We present the quantum key distribution (QKD) secure key ratio expression in a form that exposes the parameters that affect the Reconciliation (error correction) stage. Reconciliation is the least well understood in practical terms and is typically described through a model that provides little guidance when it comes to efficient implementation, although it requires significant resources and is required to achieve a performance level commensurate with the other stages of the QKD protocol implementation. We addresses the issue of practical QKD error correction, questions of performance based on our data and data that have been published, and addresses the issue of platforms capable of handling rates of Gb/s. C1 [Mink, Alan; Nakassis, Anastase] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mink, A (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amink@nist.gov; anakassis@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9540-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8749 AR UNSP 874908 DI 10.1117/12.2015965 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Optics SC Computer Science; Optics GA BGK64 UT WOS:000323339700006 ER PT S AU Nizamuddin, M Akhand, K Roytman, L Kogan, F Goldberg, M AF Nizamuddin, Mohammad Akhand, Kawsar Roytman, Leonid Kogan, Felix Goldberg, Mitch BE Southern, SO TI Optical remote sensing a potential tool for forecasting malaria in Orissa, India SO SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR GLOBAL HEALTH, MILITARY MEDICINE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensing Technologies for Global Health, Military Medicine, and Environmental Monitoring III CY APR 29-MAY 01, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Remote Sensing; Forecasting; Malaria; Potential Tool; Principal Component Regression ID SPACE; BURDEN AB Information on current and anticipated moisture and thermal condition from satellite data represents a source of affordable yet careful information for malaria forecasters to implement and control of epidemic. During the last decades Orissa state in India suffered from highest level of malaria incidence. This situation requires frequent monitoring of environmental conditions and dynamics of malaria occurrence. During 1985 to 2004 the NOAA AVHRR global vegetation index (GVI) dataset and its vegetation health (VH) have been studied and used as proxy for malaria fluctuation. This paper discusses applications of VH for early detecting and monitoring malaria incidence in Orissa. A significant relationship between satellite data and annual malaria incidences is found at least three months before the major malaria transmission period. C1 [Nizamuddin, Mohammad; Akhand, Kawsar; Roytman, Leonid] NOAA CREST, City Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Nizamuddin, M (reprint author), NOAA CREST, City Coll, New York, NY USA. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9514-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8723 AR UNSP 87231A DI 10.1117/12.2014702 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL64 UT WOS:000323425300021 ER PT J AU Cavdar, Z Ulman, C Kirkali, G Baydur, H Akdogan, GG AF Cavdar, Zahide Ulman, Cevval Kirkali, Guldal Baydur, Hakan Akdogan, Gul Guner TI Careers and Research Performance of PhD Program Graduates of Health Sciences in Turkey SO TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY-TURK BIYOKIMYA DERGISI LA English DT Review DE PhD education; health sciences; PhD graduates' careers; research ID STUDENTS AB In this review, we aimed to evaluate PhD graduates of the period between 1985-2010 and analyze the status, motivation and positive and negative factors influencing research motivation of graduates in eight disciplines from three graduate schools of Health Sciences in Turkey and to compare with the present status in the world. Some information obtained by web-based survey is the following: The most of graduates (83%) have academic positions in basic sciences departments in the faculty of medicine in universities. 94.2 % of graduates recognized the importance of personal motivation, while 54% of them thought that finding the appropriate research environment was important for research. For 52%, the biggest hindrance to medical research was lack of funding and for 39%, lack of technic personnel for research. The studies in the literature related to PhD graduates pointed out to the following facts: The number of PhD graduates is increasing gradually and the graduates' career choices have changed from academic to non-academic positions, especially in the industry. This is not parallel to our pilot study findings. About the teaching perspective treated in the relevant literature, the concept of "one should be a good researcher, as well as a good teacher" is dominant. PhD graduates in our pilot study mentioned that they had responsibilities in the education activities during their PhD education. We think that these responsibilities are useful for their future academic career. In conclusion, the majority (83%) of graduates from Graduate Schools of Health Sciences in Turkey are enrolled into academic researcher positions in universities. They keep producing funded research work as a first author and publish despite some problems. C1 [Cavdar, Zahide; Akdogan, Gul Guner] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Grad Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Mol Med, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. [Ulman, Cevval] Celal Bayar Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, Manisa, Turkey. [Kirkali, Guldal] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baydur, Hakan] Celal Bayar Univ, Sch Hlth, Manisa, Turkey. [Akdogan, Gul Guner] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Biochem, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. RP Akdogan, GG (reprint author), Dokuz Eylul Univ, Grad Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Mol Med, TR-35340 Izmir, Turkey. EM gul.guner@deu.edu.tr NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU TURKISH BIOCHEM SOC PI ANKARA PA HIRFANLI SOKAK BANU, APT 9-3 GAZIOSMANPASA, ANKARA, 06700, TURKEY SN 0250-4685 J9 TURK J BIOCHEM JI Turk. J. Biochem. PY 2013 VL 38 IS 1 BP 118 EP 125 DI 10.5505/tjb.2013.08860 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 201YX UT WOS:000323180100019 ER PT S AU Wang, YJ D'Incao, JP Esry, BD AF Wang, Yujun D'Incao, Jose P. Esry, Brett D. BE Arimondo, E Berman, PR Lin, CC TI Ultracold Few-Body Systems SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 62 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; RESONANTLY-INTERACTING PARTICLES; GENERAL-ORDER COLLISIONS; ZERO-RANGE POTENTIALS; EFIMOV STATES; FESHBACH RESONANCE; BOUND-STATES; ELECTRON CORRELATIONS; EXCITED-STATES AB Recent advances in controlling interatomic interactions, coupled with new techniques for producing and interrogating exotic regimes in ultracold quantum gases, have resulted in the emergence of ultracold systems as a natural and inspiring playground for few-body physics, feeding the robust and interdisciplinary growth of this field. Both theory and experiment have benefitted from this interplay and have pushed the study of fundamental, universal few-body physics forward more rapidly than at any time during the previous few decades. The non-pertubative nature of these strongly correlated few-body systems makes them extremely challenging, but at the same time is responsible for interesting and counterintuitive phenomena the Efimov effect being one of the most prominent examples. In this paper, we review the fundamentals of strongly correlated few-body physics for ultracold systems, much of which is related to three-body Efimov physics, and we survey the current state of experimental achievement. We do not, however, restrict our exploration to the three-body Efimov effect and analyze several few-body systems that fall outside this now-canonical Efimov scenario. We discuss systems with more than three particles a natural extension of Efimov physics and we discuss systems in which the interactions are not short-ranged, therefore violating a fundamental condition for Efimov physics, but with equally universal properties. C1 [Wang, Yujun] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Yujun] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [D'Incao, Jose P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, Jose P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Esry, Brett D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 295 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 978-0-12-408090-4 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2013 VL 62 BP 1 EP 115 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-408090-4.00001-3 PG 115 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BGI23 UT WOS:000323088400002 ER PT J AU Petrenko, VV Martinerie, P Novelli, P Etheridge, DM Levin, I Wang, Z Blunier, T Chappellaz, J Kaiser, J Lang, P Steele, LP Hammer, S Mak, J Langenfelds, RL Schwander, J Severinghaus, JP Witrant, E Petron, G Battle, MO Forster, G Sturges, WT Lamarque, JF Steffen, K White, JWC AF Petrenko, V. V. Martinerie, P. Novelli, P. Etheridge, D. M. Levin, I. Wang, Z. Blunier, T. Chappellaz, J. Kaiser, J. Lang, P. Steele, L. P. Hammer, S. Mak, J. Langenfelds, R. L. Schwander, J. Severinghaus, J. P. Witrant, E. Petron, G. Battle, M. O. Forster, G. Sturges, W. T. Lamarque, J. -F. Steffen, K. White, J. W. C. TI A 60 yr record of atmospheric carbon monoxide reconstructed from Greenland firn air SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; ICE CORE DATA; MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; METHYL CHLOROFORM; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; GAS CONCENTRATIONS AB We present the first reconstruction of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high latitude atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) mole fraction from Greenland firn air. Firn air samples were collected at three deep ice core sites in Greenland (NGRIP in 2001, Summit in 2006 and NEEM in 2008). CO records from the three sites agree well with each other as well as with recent atmospheric measurements, indicating that CO is well preserved in the firn at these sites. CO atmospheric history was reconstructed back to the year 1950 from the measurements using a combination of two forward models of gas transport in firn and an inverse model. The reconstructed history suggests that Arctic CO in 1950 was 140-150 nmol mol(-1), which is higher than today's values. CO mole fractions rose by 10-15 nmol mol(-1) from 1950 to the 1970s and peaked in the 1970s or early 1980s, followed by a approximate to 30 nmol mol(-1) decline to today's levels. We compare the CO history with the atmospheric histories of methane, light hydrocarbons, molecular hydrogen, CO stable isotopes and hydroxyl radicals (OH), as well as with published CO emission inventories and results of a historical run from a chemistry-transport model. We find that the reconstructed Greenland CO history cannot be reconciled with available emission inventories unless unrealistically large changes in OH are assumed. We argue that the available CO emission inventories strongly underestimate historical NH emissions, and fail to capture the emission decline starting in the late 1970s, which was most likely due to reduced emissions from road transportation in North America and Europe. C1 [Petrenko, V. V.; White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petrenko, V. V.] Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Martinerie, P.; Chappellaz, J.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, LGGE, UMR5183, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Novelli, P.; Lang, P.; Petron, G.] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Etheridge, D. M.; Steele, L. P.; Langenfelds, R. L.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Levin, I.; Hammer, S.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Wang, Z.; Mak, J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Blunier, T.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Ice & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Kaiser, J.; Forster, G.; Sturges, W. T.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Schwander, J.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Severinghaus, J. P.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Witrant, E.] UJF Grenoble 1, CNRS, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automat GIPSA Lab, UMR5216, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Battle, M. O.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Coll Stn 8800, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Steffen, K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Steffen, K.] Swiss Fed Res Inst WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. [White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Petrenko, VV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM vpetrenk@z.rochester.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Chappellaz, Jerome/A-4872-2011; Steffen, Konrad/C-6027-2013; Kaiser, Jan/D-3327-2009; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Blunier, Thomas/M-4609-2014; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Etheridge, David/B-7334-2013; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Steffen, Konrad/0000-0001-8658-1026; Kaiser, Jan/0000-0002-1553-4043; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Blunier, Thomas/0000-0002-6065-7747; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; FU NOAA Postdoctoral Fellowship in Climate and Global Change (Petrenko); US NSF [0632222, 0806387, 0520460]; FNRS-CFB in Belgium; FWO in Belgium; Canada (NRCan/GSC); China (CAS); Denmark (FIST); IPEV, France; CNRS/INSU, France; CEA, France; ANR, France; Germany (AWI); Iceland (RannIs); Japan (NIPR); Korea (KOPRI); Netherlands (NWO/ALW); Sweden (VR); Switzerland (SNF); United Kingdom (NERC); USA (US NSF, Office of Polar Programs); Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO; UK NERC [NE/F021194/1]; US NSF; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX This project was supported by the NOAA Postdoctoral Fellowship in Climate and Global Change (Petrenko) and US NSF Awards 0632222 and 0806387 (White) and 0520460 (Battle). NEEM is directed and organized by the Center of Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute and US NSF, Office of Polar Programs. It is supported by funding agencies and institutions in Belgium (FNRS-CFB and FWO), Canada (NRCan/GSC), China (CAS), Denmark (FIST), France (IPEV, CNRS/INSU, CEA and ANR), Germany (AWI), Iceland (RannIs), Japan (NIPR), Korea (KOPRI), the Netherlands (NWO/ALW), Sweden (VR), Switzerland (SNF), United Kingdom (NERC) and the USA (US NSF, Office of Polar Programs). CSIRO's contribution was undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO.; The project was also funded by the UK NERC Grant NE/F021194/1 (UEA). The CESM project is supported by the US NSF and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. We thank the NEEM team, CPS Polar and the 109th Air National Guard for field logistical support. UEA would like to thank Carl Brenninkmeijer (MPI Mainz, Germany) for providing a metal bellows pump and custom-built compressor for large volume firn air samples. We thank Aslam Khalil for providing OGI [CO] data. This manuscript was improved by constructive reviews from Maarten Krol and one anonymous reviewer. NR 82 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 15 BP 7567 EP 7585 DI 10.5194/acp-13-7567-2013 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200XE UT WOS:000323103900019 ER PT S AU Kemiktarak, U Durand, M Stambaugh, C Lawall, J AF Kemiktarak, Utku Durand, Mathieu Stambaugh, Corey Lawall, John BE ChangHasnain, CJ Koyama, F Willner, AE Zhou, W TI High contrast grating mirrors for radiation-pressure optomechanics SO HIGH CONTRAST METASTRUCTURES II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Contrast Metastructures II CY FEB 05-07, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE optomechanics; HCG; Fabry-Perot; sub-wavelength ID CAVITY; OSCILLATOR AB Subwavelength diffraction gratings patterned into a silicon nitride membrane offer a novel new platform for cavity optomechanics. The monolithic device combines high reflectivity, high mechanical quality factor, and low mass. Here we survey results we have obtained using such a device as one mirror of a Fabry-Perot cavity. With a cavity finesse of F approximate to 2000, we are able to optically cool hundreds of mechanical modes of the membrane. The lowest effective temperature we achieve, by detuning a laser to the red side of an optical resonance, is approximately T-eff = 1 K. The cooling is accompanied by an optically-induced shift of the mechanical frequency, as expected; both the degree of cooling and frequency shift are proportional to the power of the cooling laser. When we detune the laser to the blue side of the resonance, the resulting optical "antidamping" causes the dynamics of the mechanical system to change from thermal to oscillatory, with a well-defined phase. Finally, we computationally investigate the feasibility of a proposal to realize radiation pressure optomechanics without a cavity, by use of a subwavelength grating with a rapid variation of reflectivity with wavelength. C1 [Kemiktarak, Utku; Durand, Mathieu; Stambaugh, Corey; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawall, J (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM utku.kemiktarak@nist.gov; mathieu.durand@nist.gov; corey.stambaugh@nist.gov; john.lawall@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9402-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8633 AR 86330N DI 10.1117/12.2005958 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BGH39 UT WOS:000322969400016 ER PT J AU Deems, JS Painter, TH Finnegan, DC AF Deems, Jeffrey S. Painter, Thomas H. Finnegan, David C. TI Lidar measurement of snow depth: a review SO JOURNAL OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; GRAIN-SIZE; HYPERSPECTRAL ANALYSIS; MOUNTAIN CATCHMENT; ERROR BUDGET; COVERED AREA; RETRIEVAL; REFLECTANCE; ACCURACY; ALBEDO AB Laser altimetry (lidar) is a remote-sensing technology that holds tremendous promise for mapping snow depth in snow hydrology and avalanche applications. Recently lidar has seen a dramatic widening of applications in the natural sciences, resulting in technological improvements and an increase in the availability of both airborne and ground-based sensors. Modern sensors allow mapping of vegetation heights and snow or ground surface elevations below forest canopies. Typical vertical accuracies for airborne datasets are decimeter-scale with order 1 m point spacings. Ground-based systems typically provide millimeter-scale range accuracy and sub-meter point spacing over 1 m to several kilometers. Many system parameters, such as scan angle, pulse rate and shot geometry relative to terrain gradients, require specification to achieve specific point coverage densities in forested and/or complex terrain. Additionally, snow has a significant volumetric scattering component, requiring different considerations for error estimation than for other Earth surface materials. We use published estimates of light penetration depth by wavelength to estimate radiative transfer error contributions. This paper presents a review of lidar mapping procedures and error sources, potential errors unique to snow surface remote sensing in the near-infrared and visible wavelengths, and recommendations for projects using lidar for snow-depth mapping. C1 [Deems, Jeffrey S.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Finnegan, David C.] US Army Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Engn Res Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. [Finnegan, David C.] US Army Corps Engineers, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. RP Deems, JS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, NOAA Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM deems@nsidc.org RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016; Deems, Jeffrey/E-6484-2016 OI Deems, Jeffrey/0000-0002-3265-8670 FU National Snow and Ice Data Center; national Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Western Water Assessment; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Innovative Research Project grant; NASA FX Part of this work was supported by the National Snow and Ice Data Center, the national Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Western Water Assessment and a Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) Innovative Research Project grant. Part of this work was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. Part of this work was performed at the US Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH. NR 78 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 15 U2 70 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0022-1430 EI 1727-5652 J9 J GLACIOL JI J. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 59 IS 215 BP 467 EP 479 DI 10.3189/2013JoG12J154 PG 13 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 202BX UT WOS:000323189600006 ER PT J AU Liu, XF Majzoub, EH Stavila, V Bhakta, RK Allendorf, MD Shane, DT Conradi, MS Verdal, N Udovic, TJ Hwang, SJ AF Liu, Xiangfeng Majzoub, Eric H. Stavila, Vitalie Bhakta, Raghunandan K. Allendorf, Mark D. Shane, David T. Conradi, Mark S. Verdal, Nina Udovic, Terrence J. Hwang, Son-Jong TI Probing the unusual anion mobility of LiBH4 confined in highly ordered nanoporous carbon frameworks via solid state NMR and quasielastic neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE PROPERTIES; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; RECENT PROGRESS; THERMODYNAMICS; DECOMPOSITION; NANOPARTICLES; NAALH4; SPECTROMETER; DYNAMICS; KINETICS AB Particle size and particle-framework interactions have profound effects on the kinetics, reaction pathways, and even thermodynamics of complex hydrides incorporated in frameworks possessing nanoscale features. Tuning these properties may hold the key to the utilization of complex hydrides in practical applications for hydrogen storage. Using carefully synthesized, highly-ordered, nanoporous carbons (NPCs), we have previously shown quantitative differences in the kinetics and reaction pathways of LiBH4 when incorporated into the frameworks. In this paper, we probe the anion mobility of LiBH4 confined in NPC frameworks by a combination of solid state NMR and quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and present some new insights into the nanoconfinement effect. NMR and QENS spectra of LiBH4 confined in a 4 nm pore NPC suggest that the BH4- anions nearer the LiBH4-carbon pore interface exhibit much more rapid translational and reorientational motions compared to those in the LiBH4 interior. Moreover, an overly broadened BH4- torsional vibration band reveals a disorder-induced array of BH4- rotational potentials. XRD results are consistent with a lack of LiBH4 long-range order in the pores. Consistent with differential scanning calorimetry measurements, neither NMR nor QENS detects a clear solid-solid phase transition as observed in the bulk, indicating that borohydride-framework interactions and/or nanosize effects have large roles in confined LiBH4. C1 [Liu, Xiangfeng; Majzoub, Eric H.] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanosci, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. [Liu, Xiangfeng] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Coll Mat Sci & Optoelect Technol, Beijing 10049, Peoples R China. [Stavila, Vitalie; Bhakta, Raghunandan K.; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Shane, David T.; Conradi, Mark S.] Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hwang, Son-Jong] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Majzoub, EH (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanosci, St Louis, MO 63121 USA. EM liuxf@ucas.ac.cn; majzoube@umsl.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy in the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Program through the office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; DOE-EERE [DE-EE0002978]; DOE Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-05ER46256]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0944772, 9724240]; MRSEC Program of the NSF [DMR-520565]; Hundred Talents Project; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB833101] FX This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy in the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells, and Infrastructure Technologies Program through the office Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. This work was partially supported by DOE-EERE under Agreement no. DE-EE0002978. The work at Washington University was supported by DOE Basic Energy Sciences grant DE-FG02-05ER46256. The NMR facility at Caltech was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant Number 9724240 and partially supported by the MRSEC Program of the NSF under Award Number DMR-520565. The work at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences was supported by "Hundred Talents Project" and the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2010CB833101). NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 43 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2013 VL 1 IS 34 BP 9935 EP 9941 DI 10.1039/c3ta12051a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 196RJ UT WOS:000322792900050 ER PT J AU Arya, C Kralj, JG Jiang, KQ Munson, MS Forbes, TP DeVoe, DL Raghavan, SR Forry, SP AF Arya, Chandamany Kralj, Jason G. Jiang, Kunqiang Munson, Matthew S. Forbes, Thomas P. DeVoe, Don L. Raghavan, Srinivasa R. Forry, Samuel P. TI Capturing rare cells from blood using a packed bed of custom-synthesized chitosan microparticles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID HEMATOPOIETIC STEM-CELLS; CIRCULATING TUMOR-CELLS; MICROFLUIDIC SYNTHESIS; WHOLE-BLOOD; DEVICE; MICROSPHERES; DROPLETS; RELEASE; CHIP AB We describe batch generation of uniform multifunctional chitosan microparticles for isolation of rare cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), from a sample of whole blood. The chitosan microparticles were produced in large numbers using a simple and inexpensive microtubing arrangement. The particles were functionalized through encapsulation of carbon black, to control autofluorescence, and surface attachment of streptavidin, to enable interactions with biotinylated antibodies. These large custom modified microparticles (approximate to 164 mu m diameter) were then packed into a microfluidic channel to demonstrate their utility in rare cell capture. Blood spiked with breast cancer (MCF-7) cells was first treated with a biotinylated antibody (anti-EpCAM, which is selective for cancer cells like MCF-7) and then pumped through the device. In the process, the cancer cells were selectively bound to the microparticles through non-covalent streptavidin-biotin interactions. The number density of captured cells was determined by fluorescence microscopy at physiologically relevant levels. Selective capture of the MCF-7 cells was characterized, and compared favorably with previous approaches. The overall approach using custom synthesized microparticles is versatile, and can allow researchers more flexibility for rare cell capture through simpler and cheaper methods than are currently employed. C1 [Arya, Chandamany; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Arya, Chandamany; Kralj, Jason G.; Munson, Matthew S.; Forbes, Thomas P.; Forry, Samuel P.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jiang, Kunqiang; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Arya, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM samuel.forry@nist.gov RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011; jiang, kunqiang/G-1722-2014; Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993; Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-750X J9 J MATER CHEM B JI J. Mat. Chem. B PY 2013 VL 1 IS 34 BP 4313 EP 4319 DI 10.1039/c3tb20818d PG 7 WC Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Materials Science GA 198IP UT WOS:000322916400015 ER PT J AU Aznar, MJ Varmer, O AF Aznar, Mariano J. Varmer, Ole TI The Titanic as Underwater Cultural Heritage: Challenges to its Legal International Protection SO OCEAN DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LAW LA English DT Article DE RMS Titanic; salvage; underwater cultural heritage; 2001 UNESCO Convention ID CONVENTION AB The RMS Titanic struck an iceberg and sank 14-15 April 1912. This article summarizes some of the legal implications of the 100th anniversary of its sinking, as the Titanic becomes subject to the provisions of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage. This article also discusses the implications of the application of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the rather unique development under the law of salvage through orders of the U.S. court sitting in admiralty that prohibit the exclusive salvors in possession of the Titanic, RMS Titanic, Inc. and Premier Exhibitions, Inc. (RMST/PE) from selling individual artifacts and instead require that RMST/PE keep the collection of artifacts salvaged from the Titanic together as an intact collection for the public benefit. Finally, the article discusses the need for general legislation to protect the Titanic and other underwater cultural heritage from looting and unwanted salvage. C1 [Aznar, Mariano J.] Univ Jaume 1, Dept Publ Law, Castellon de La Plana, Spain. [Varmer, Ole] NOAA, Int Sect, Off Gen Counsel, Washington, DC USA. RP Aznar, MJ (reprint author), 9706 Lawndale Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. EM Ole.Varmer@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0090-8320 J9 OCEAN DEV INT LAW JI Ocean Dev. Int. Law PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 44 IS 1 BP 96 EP 112 DI 10.1080/00908320.2013.750978 PG 17 WC International Relations; Law SC International Relations; Government & Law GA 194LM UT WOS:000322634800004 ER PT S AU Lipe, TE Kinard, JR Novotny, DB Sims, JE AF Lipe, Thomas E. Kinard, Joseph R. Novotny, Donald B. Sims, June E. BA Bilas, V McConnell, G Kyriacou, P BF Bilas, V McConnell, G Kyriacou, P TI Advanced Sensors for Accurate, Broadband AC Voltage Metrology SO SENSORS & THEIR APPLICATIONS XVII SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference on Sensors and Their Applications CY SEP 16-18, 2013 CL Dubrovnik, CROATIA SP Inst Phys, Instrument Sci & Technol Grp ID MULTIJUNCTION THERMAL CONVERTER; DC TRANSFER DIFFERENCE; FREQUENCY-RANGE; STANDARDS; CHIP; MHZ AB We report on advances in ac voltage metrology made possible by a new generation of Multijunction Thermal Converters (MJTCs). Although intended for use primarily in high-frequency (1 MHz to 100 MHz) metrology, their exceptional low-frequency qualities, combined with a large dynamic range, makes these MJTCs excellent devices for the frequency range 10 Hz to 100 MHz at voltages from 1 V to 20 V, depending on the design. We anticipate that these devices will form the future basis for ac voltage metrology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). C1 [Lipe, Thomas E.; Kinard, Joseph R.; Novotny, Donald B.; Sims, June E.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lipe, TE (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,M-S 8172, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.lipe@nist.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2013 VL 450 AR 012036 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/450/1/012036 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA BGF63 UT WOS:000322762800036 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Feingold, G AF Lee, S. -S. Feingold, G. TI Aerosol effects on the cloud-field properties of tropical convective clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATIONS; LONG-TERM IMPACTS; PRECIPITATION; PARAMETERIZATION; MICROPHYSICS; EQUILIBRIUM; RADIATION; ENVIRONMENT; ACTIVATION; PARTICLES AB Aerosol effects on condensed water and precipitation in a tropical cloud system driven by deep convective clouds are investigated for two-dimensional simulations of 2-day duration. Although an assumed 10-fold increase in aerosol concentration results in a similar temporal evolution of mean precipitation and a small (9 %) difference in cumulative precipitation between the high-and low-aerosol cases, the characteristics of the convection are much more sensitive to aerosol. The convective mass flux, and temporal evolution and frequency distribution of the condensed water path WP (sum of liquid-and ice-water paths) differ significantly between unperturbed and aerosol-perturbed simulations. There are concomitant differences in the relative importance of individual microphysical processes and the frequency distribution of the precipitation rate (P). With increasing aerosol (i) the convective mass flux increases, leading to increases in condensation, cloud liquid, and accretion of cloud liquid by precipitation; (ii) autoconversion of cloud water to rain water decreases; (iii) the WP spatial distribution becomes more homogeneous; and (iv) there is an increase in the frequencies of high and low WP and P, and a decrease in these frequencies at the mid-range of WP and P. Thus, while aerosol perturbations have a small influence on total precipitation amount, for the case considered, they do have substantial influence on the spatiotemporal distribution of convection and precipitation. C1 [Lee, S. -S.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Lee, S. -S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM seoung.soo.lee@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA's Climate Goal Program FX The authors thank NOAA's Climate Goal Program for supporting this work and the HPCC for computing support. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 14 BP 6713 EP 6726 DI 10.5194/acp-13-6713-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 191XL UT WOS:000322448300003 ER PT J AU Shi, L Schreck, CJ John, VO AF Shi, L. Schreck, C. J., III John, V. O. TI HIRS channel 12 brightness temperature dataset and its correlations with major climate indices SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; WATER-VAPOR; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; UNITED-STATES; CLOUD COVER AB A new version of the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) upper tropospheric water vapor channel (channel 12) brightness temperature dataset is developed using intersatellite calibrated data. In this dataset, only those pixels affected by upper tropospheric clouds are discarded. Compared to the previous version that was based on column-clear-sky data, the new version has much better daily spatial coverage. The HIRS observation patterns are compared to microwave sounder measurements. The differences between the two types of sounders vary with respect to brightness temperature with larger differences for higher (dry) values. Correlations between the HIRS upper tropospheric water vapor channel brightness temperatures and several major climate indices show strong signals during cold seasons. The selected climate indices track climate variation signals covering regions from the tropics to the poles. Qualitatively, moist signals are correlated with troughs and ascending branches of the circulation, while dry signals occur with ridges and descent. These correlations show the potential of using the upper tropospheric water vapor channel brightness temperature dataset together with a suite of many atmospheric variables to monitor regional climate changes and locate global teleconnection patterns. C1 [Shi, L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Schreck, C. J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [John, V. O.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Shi, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. EM lei.shi@noaa.gov RI Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011 OI Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754 FU NOAA NCDC's Climate Data Record Program; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; UK JWCRP; EUMETSAT CMSAF FX The authors thank Darren Jackson of Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder for providing all-sky HIRS/2 data. The Nino 3.4, PDO, PDA, NAO, AA, and AAO indices are obtained from NOAA Climate Prediction Center. Carl Schreck received support for this study from NOAA NCDC's Climate Data Record Program. Viju John was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101), the UK JWCRP, and EUMETSAT CMSAF. We thank David Parker of UK Met Office for valuable comments and thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments and helpful suggestions. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 14 BP 6907 EP 6920 DI 10.5194/acp-13-6907-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 191XL UT WOS:000322448300012 ER PT J AU Thornberry, TD Rollins, AW Gao, RS Watts, LA Ciciora, SJ McLaughlin, RJ Voigt, C Hall, B Fahey, DW AF Thornberry, T. D. Rollins, A. W. Gao, R. S. Watts, L. A. Ciciora, S. J. McLaughlin, R. J. Voigt, C. Hall, B. Fahey, D. W. TI Measurement of low-ppm mixing ratios of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using chemical ionization mass spectrometry SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ICE SUPERSATURATIONS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; HYGROMETER; AIRCRAFT; ACCURACY; SURFACES; H2O; AIR AB A chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) instrument has been developed for the fast, precise, and accurate measurement of water vapor (H2O) at low mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS). A low-pressure flow of sample air passes through an ionization volume containing an alpha-particle radiation source, resulting in a cascade of ion-molecule reactions that produce hydronium ions (H3O+) from ambient H2O. The production of H3O+ ions from ambient H2O depends on pressure and flow through the ion source, which were tightly controlled in order to maintain the measurement sensitivity independent of changes in the airborne sampling environment. The instrument was calibrated every 45 min in flight by introducing a series of H2O mixing ratios between 0.5 and 153 parts per million (ppm, 10(-6) mol mol(-1)) generated by Pt-catalyzed oxidation of H-2 standards while overflowing the inlet with dry synthetic air. The CIMS H2O instrument was deployed in an unpressurized payload area aboard the NASA WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft during the Mid-latitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment (MACPEX) mission in March and April 2011. The instrument performed successfully during seven flights, measuring H2O mixing ratios below 5 ppm in the lower stratosphere at altitudes up to 17.7 km, and as low as 3.5 ppm near the tropopause. Data were acquired at 10 Hz and reported as 1 s averages. In-flight calibrations demonstrated a typical sensitivity of 2000 Hz ppm(-1) at 3 ppm with a signal to noise ratio (2 sigma, 1 s) greater than 32. The total measurement uncertainty was 9 to 11 %, derived from the uncertainty in the in situ calibrations. C1 [Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.; Gao, R. S.; Watts, L. A.; Ciciora, S. J.; McLaughlin, R. J.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Thornberry, T. D.; Rollins, A. W.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Voigt, C.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Voigt, C.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Hall, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Thornberry, TD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. EM troy.thornberry@noaa.gov RI Voigt, Christiane/G-3279-2010; Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; McLaughlin, Richard/I-4386-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program; CIRES Innovative Research Program; HGF [VH-NG-309]; NASA [WB-57F] FX The authors thank the ground and air crews of the NASA WB-57F for their support during the MACPEX mission. This work was supported by funding from the NOAA Climate Program Office, the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the NASA Radiation Sciences Program, and the CIRES Innovative Research Program. CV was funded by HGF VH-NG-309. NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 6 BP 1461 EP 1475 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1461-2013 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 193FX UT WOS:000322545400001 ER PT J AU Ikawa, H Faloona, I Kochendorfer, J U, KTP Oechel, WC AF Ikawa, H. Faloona, I. Kochendorfer, J. U, K. T. Paw Oechel, W. C. TI Air-sea exchange of CO2 at a Northern California coastal site along the California Current upwelling system SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EDDY COVARIANCE TECHNIQUE; SHORT-TERM VARIABILITY; GAS-EXCHANGE; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND-SPEED; OPEN-PATH; OCEAN; CARBON AB It is not well understood whether coastal upwelling is a net CO2 source to the atmosphere or a net CO2 sink to the ocean due to high temporal variability of air-sea CO2 exchange (CO2 flux) in coastal upwelling zones. Upwelling transports heterotrophic, CO2 enriched water to the surface and releases CO2 to the atmosphere, whereas the presence of nutrient-rich water at the surface supports high primary production and atmospheric CO2 uptake. To quantify the effects of upwelling on CO2 flux, we measured CO2 flux at a coastal upwelling site off of Bodega Bay, California, with the eddy covariance technique during the summer of 2007 and the fall of 2008, and the bulk method with partial pressure of CO2 of surface water (pCO(2)) data from November 2010 to July 2011. Variations in sea surface temperatures (SST) and alongshore wind velocity suggest that the measurement period in 2007 coincided with a typical early summer upwelling period and the measurement period in 2008 was during a typical fall relaxation period. A strong source of CO2 (similar to 1.5 +/- 7 SD (standard deviation) g Cm-2 day(-1)) from the ocean to the atmosphere during the upwelling period was concurrent with high salinity, low SST, and low chlorophyll density. In contrast, a weak source of CO2 flux (similar to 0.2 +/- 3 SD g Cm-2 day(-1)) was observed with low salinity, high SST and high chlorophyll density during the relaxation period. Similarly, the sink and source balance of CO2 flux was highly related to salinity and SST during the pCO(2) measurement periods; high salinity and low SST corresponded to high pCO(2), and vice versa. We estimated that the coastal area off Bodega Bay was likely an overall source of CO2 to the atmosphere based on the following conclusions: (1) the overall CO2 flux estimated from both eddy covariance and pCO(2) measurements showed a source of CO2; (2) although the relaxation period during the 2008 measurements were favorable to CO2 uptake, CO2 flux during this period was still a slight source; (3) salinity and SST were found to be good predictors of the CO2 flux for both eddy covariance and pCO(2) measurements, and 99% of the historical SST and salinity data available between 1988 and 2011 fell within the range of our observations in May-June 2007, August-September 2008 and November 2010-July 2011, which indicates that our data set was representative of the annual variations in the sea state. Based on the developed relationship between pCO(2), SST and salinity, the study area between 1988 and 2011 was estimated to be an annual source of CO2 of similar to 35 molCm(-2) yr(-1). The peak monthly CO2 flux of similar to 7 molCm(-2) month(-1) accounted for almost 30% of the dissolved inorganic carbon in the surface mixed layer. C1 [Ikawa, H.; Oechel, W. C.] San Diego State Univ, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Ikawa, H.; Faloona, I.; Kochendorfer, J.; U, K. T. Paw] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kochendorfer, J.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Ikawa, H.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Ikawa, H (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Global Change Res Grp, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM hikawa.biomet@gmail.com RI Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Kochendorfer, John/K-2680-2012; OI Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Kochendorfer, John/0000-0001-8436-2460; Ikawa, Hiroki/0000-0002-4984-8067 FU NSF/MIT [5710003122] FX We thank Jackie Sones, Deedee Shideler and logistic supports by Bodega Bay Marine Laboratory, Tessa Hill for pCO2 data retrieval, Joseph Verfaillie for valuable suggestions on data processing and interpretation, and four anonymous referees whose comments largely improved our manuscript. Sea surface temperature, wind speed and wind direction for calculating EUI was provided by the National Data Buoy Center. SAMI-pCO2 data were provided by the Bodega Ocean Acidification Research group (NSF OCE No. 0927255 to B. Gaylord), and Bodega Ocean Observing Network (BOON) data were provided by John Largier. Atmospheric CO2 data from the NOAA/ESRL Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases group were provided by Colm Sweeney. Partial support for KTPU was from NSF/MIT sub-award 5710003122. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 7 BP 4419 EP 4432 DI 10.5194/bg-10-4419-2013 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 189BT UT WOS:000322242700002 ER PT J AU Plancherel, Y Rodgers, KB Key, RM Jacobson, AR Sarmiento, JL AF Plancherel, Y. Rodgers, K. B. Key, R. M. Jacobson, A. R. Sarmiento, J. L. TI Role of regression model selection and station distribution on the estimation of oceanic anthropogenic carbon change by eMLR SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME-SERIES; CO2; DIOXIDE; SINK; TEMPERATURE; INCREASE AB Quantifying oceanic anthropogenic carbon uptake by monitoring interior dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations is complicated by the influence of natural variability. The "eMLR method" aims to address this issue by using empirical regression fits of the data instead of the data themselves, inferring the change in anthropogenic carbon in time by difference between predictions generated by the regressions at each time. The advantages of the method are that it provides in principle a means to filter out natural variability, which theoretically becomes the regression residuals, and a way to deal with sparsely and unevenly distributed data. The degree to which these advantages are realized in practice is unclear, however. The ability of the eMLR method to recover the anthropogenic carbon signal is tested here using a global circulation and biogeochemistry model in which the true signal is known. Results show that regression model selection is particularly important when the observational network changes in time. When the observational network is fixed, the likelihood that co-located systematic misfits between the empirical model and the underlying, yet unknown, true model cancel is greater, improving eMLR results. Changing the observational network modifies how the spatio-temporal variance pattern is captured by the respective datasets, resulting in empirical models that are dynamically or regionally inconsistent, leading to systematic errors. In consequence, the use of regression formulae that change in time to represent systematically best-fit models at all times does not guarantee the best estimates of anthropogenic carbon change if the spatial distributions of the stations emphasize hydrographic features differently in time. Other factors, such as a balanced and representative station coverage, vertical continuity of the regression formulae consistent with the hydrographic context and resiliency of the spatial distribution of the residual field can be used to help guide model selection. The characteristic spatial scales of the modes of inter-annual to decadal variability in relation to the size of the North Atlantic, in concert with the station coverage available, place practical limits on the ability of eMLR to fully account for natural variability. Due to its statistical nature, eMLR only efficiently removes the natural variability whose spatial scales are smaller than the system analyzed. C1 [Plancherel, Y.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Rodgers, K. B.; Key, R. M.; Sarmiento, J. L.] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Plancherel, Y (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3AN, England. EM yvesp@earth.ox.ac.uk FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0727170, OCE-0327189]; BP and Ford Motor Company through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University; Oxford Martin School; NASA [NNX09AI13G]; NOAA [NA17RJ2612, NA08OAR4320752, NA08OAR4310820]; NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO) FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE-0727170 and OCE-0327189 and by BP and Ford Motor Company through the Carbon Mitigation Initiative at Princeton University. We thank J. Dunne for providing model output. Y. Plancherel thanks the Oxford Martin School for support during completion of this research. The contributions of K. B. Rodgers, A. R. Jacobson, and R. M. Key were supported through NASA award NNX09AI13G. Additionally, KBR was supported through NOAA awards NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752, which includes support through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO). R. M. Key acknowledges additional support from NOAA awards NA08OAR4310820 and NA08OAR4320752. Lastly, we would like to thank Are Olsen and three other reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments. NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 7 BP 4801 EP 4831 DI 10.5194/bg-10-4801-2013 PG 31 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 189BT UT WOS:000322242700026 ER PT J AU Kinsey, B Cullen, G Jordan, A Mates, S AF Kinsey, Brad Cullen, Graham Jordan, Adam Mates, Steven TI Investigation of electroplastic effect at high deformation rates for 304SS and Ti-6Al-4V SO CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Deformation; Temperature; Electroplastic effect ID ELECTRIC-CURRENT; PULSE; METALS AB Past research has investigated an electroplastic effect for metals, i.e., decreased flow stress and increased elongation, caused by an applied electrical current aiding dislocation motion. There could be a connection between such electrically-assisted forming (EAF) processes and electromagnetic forming (EMF), where induced eddy currents are generated in the workpiece. To investigate this, Kolsky bar experiments with controlled, electrical DC current applied were conducted. Validated temperature values were calculated to assure that variations in resistive heating were determined. The results for current densities up to 180 A/mm(2) show that at these high deformation rates, an electroplastic effect is not observed. (C) 2013 CIRP. C1 [Kinsey, Brad; Cullen, Graham; Jordan, Adam] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Mates, Steven] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kinsey, B (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Mech Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CMII-0928319] FX Funding from the U.S. National Science Foundation (CMII-0928319) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 16 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0007-8506 J9 CIRP ANN-MANUF TECHN JI CIRP Ann-Manuf. Technol. PY 2013 VL 62 IS 1 BP 279 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.cirp.2013.03.058 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA 193JJ UT WOS:000322555800070 ER PT J AU Woodson, LE Wells, BK Weber, PK MacFarlane, RB Whitman, GE Johnson, RC AF Woodson, Lindsay E. Wells, Brian K. Weber, Peter K. MacFarlane, R. Bruce Whitman, George E. Johnson, Rachel C. TI Size, growth, and origin-dependent mortality of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during early ocean residence SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Critical period; Otolith; California Current; Hatchery; Gulf of the Farralones ID SELECTIVE MORTALITY; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CENTRAL VALLEY; CHUM SALMON; COHO SALMON; PINK SALMON; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; MARINE MORTALITY; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Selective mortality during early life history stages can have significant population-level consequences, yet critical periods when selective mortality occurs, the strength of selection, and under what environmental conditions can be difficult to identify. Here, we used otolith microstructure and chemistry to examine the factors potentially linked to selective mortality of juvenile fall-run Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from California's Central Valley during early ocean residence. Back-calculated size and growth rates of the population were compared across 3 sample periods: as juveniles exited the San Francisco Bay estuary (estuary-exit), after their first month at sea (summer-ocean) and 5 mo after ocean entry (fall-ocean). We compared mortality dynamics during years of exceptional recruitment (addition of individuals to harvestable population; 2000 and 2001) to a year of poor recruitment (2005). Otoliths from 2005 were also analyzed for sulfur isotopes to discern hatchery from naturally spawned stock. Significant size and growth-rate selective mortality were detected during the first month at sea in the low recruitment year of 2005, but not in 2000 and 2001. Individuals that were larger and growing faster during freshwater and estuarine rearing were more likely to survive to summer and fall in the low recruitment year. There was a slight, but insignificant, increase in the proportion of hatchery to naturally spawned individuals from estuary-exit to fall-ocean, suggesting that fish from neither origin were overwhelmingly favored. Our results suggest that Central Valley Chinook salmon can be subject to significant size and growth-rate selective mortality resulting in low adult abundance, and this mortality appears independent of origin. C1 [Woodson, Lindsay E.; Wells, Brian K.; MacFarlane, R. Bruce] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Weber, Peter K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Whitman, George E.; Johnson, Rachel C.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Johnson, Rachel C.] US Bur Reclamat, Bay Delta Off, Sacramento, CA 95825 USA. RP Woodson, LE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM lindsay.e.woodson@gmail.com FU California Sea Grant; Bureau of Reclamation for the Central Valley Aquatic Ecosystem Investigations , alifornia Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit; NOAA fisheries Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX We acknowledge the essential support of the Delta Science Fellows Program administered by California Sea Grant and funded by the Bureau of Reclamation for the Central Valley Aquatic Ecosystem Investigations as part of the California Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Unit. This publication was prepared by L.E.W. under USBR Agreement R09AC20043, California Sea Grant College Program Project R/SFBR-31. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of California Sea Grant, Bureau of Reclamation or the US Department of the Interior. We thank A. Schmitt and K. McKeegan for invaluable assistance and use of the secondary ion mass spectrometer at the University of California, Los Angeles, WM Keck Foundation Center for Isotope Geochemistry for otolith sulfur isotopic analyses, F. Loge for providing laboratory space and use of equipment at the University of California Davis, and NOAA fisheries Southwest Fisheries Science Center for additional funding. Thank you to the SWFSC Salmon Ecology team for the collection and preservation of the historical data sets. We thank C. Grimes, C. Michel, C. Phillis, and 3 anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. We are particularly grateful to P. Koch, E. Van Nieuwenhuyse, J. Hannon, and S. Oh for their support and assistance in making this project possible. NR 62 TC 25 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 38 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 487 BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.3354/meps10353 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 193QV UT WOS:000322577400014 ER PT J AU Hazen, EL Suryan, RM Santora, JA Bograd, SJ Watanuki, Y Wilson, RP AF Hazen, Elliott L. Suryan, Robert M. Santora, Jarrod A. Bograd, Steven J. Watanuki, Yutaka Wilson, Rory P. TI Scales and mechanisms of marine hotspot formation INTRODUCTION SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Hotspot; Ocean features; Aggregations; Bottom-up processes; Biodiversity; Marine conservation ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT IMPLICATIONS; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; TOP PREDATORS; HOT-SPOTS; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; ECOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; CHANGING CLIMATE; SCATTERING LAYER; NORTH PACIFIC AB Identifying areas of high species diversity and abundance is important for understanding ecological processes and conservation planning. These areas serve as foraging habitat or important breeding or settlement areas for multiple species, and are often termed 'hotspots'. Marine hotspots have distinct biophysical features that lead to their formation, persistence, and recurrence, and that make them important oases in oceanic seascapes. Building upon a session at the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), this Theme Section explores the scales and mechanisms underlying hotspot formation. Fundamentally, understanding the mechanisms of hotspot formation is important for determining how hotspots may shift relative to ocean features and climate change, which is a prerequisite for determining management priorities. C1 [Hazen, Elliott L.; Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment & Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Watanuki, Yutaka] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Wilson, Rory P.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. RP Hazen, EL (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM elliott.hazen@noaa.gov RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178 NR 79 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 487 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.3354/meps10477 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 193QV UT WOS:000322577400015 ER PT J AU Pardo, MA Silverberg, N Gendron, D Beier, E Palacios, DM AF Pardo, Mario A. Silverberg, Norman Gendron, Diane Beier, Emilio Palacios, Daniel M. TI Role of environmental seasonality in the turnover of a cetacean community in the southwestern Gulf of California SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ecological succession; Seasonal variability; Nutrient supply; Stratification; Biogenic matter fluxes; Trophic levels; Marine hotspots ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LA-PAZ; PARTICULATE MATTER; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; NORTH PACIFIC; VERTICAL FLUX; HABITAT USE; OCEAN; MEXICO AB La Paz Bay is a distinct region within the Gulf of California whose rich cetacean community exhibits an intense annual overturn. We studied the environmental conditions that could drive this change over the course of a year. Cetacean biomass was estimated from monthly surveys, with concurrent collection of water-column measurements of temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll a (chl a), and biogenic matter fluxes. The water-column structure showed 3 major conditions: deep mixing during winter, stratified isopycnal shoaling in spring and early summer, and deep stratification during late summer and autumn. Chl a and relative fluxes of biogenic silica and calcium carbonate indicated a seasonal succession of primary producers in response to the observed evolution of hydrography. During the periods of mixing and isopycnal shoaling, the bay provided suitable habitat for blue whales, bottlenose dolphins, and common dolphins, while fin whales, Bryde's whales, and short-finned pilot whales were numerically dominant during the period of stratification. To provide a regional context to the observed seasonality, we fitted temporal least-squares to an 11 yr monthly time series of satellite-derived wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll concentration (CHL). Within the bay, the SST followed the annual mon-soonal shift in the wind, whereas CHL showed a bi-modal pattern, with a main peak occurring under mixing conditions in winter and a second peak under isopycnal shoaling in spring/early summer. The regional fitting suggested that the latter period was driven by a localized intra-seasonal phenomenon that could be responsible for the higher biological richness of the bay compared to the surrounding gulf. C1 [Pardo, Mario A.; Silverberg, Norman; Gendron, Diane] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, La Paz 23096, Baja California, Mexico. [Beier, Emilio] Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Unidad La Paz, La Paz 23050, Baja California, Mexico. [Palacios, Daniel M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Div Phys & Biol Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine Ecosyst & Climate, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Palacios, Daniel M.] NOAA, NMFS, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Pardo, MA (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. EM m.pardo@comunidad.unam.mx RI Pardo, Mario/F-9815-2015; OI Pardo, Mario/0000-0003-1248-3399; Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) through the projects Monitoreo ecologico continuo de la Bahia de La Paz: Serie de tiempo [47310-F]; Investigaciones Oceanograsficas del Sistema Frontal de Baja California [SEP-2008-103898]; Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN); Monitoreo Ecologico Continuo en Bahia de La Paz [SIP 20040095, 2005-0274, 20060199, 20070664, 20080650, 20090523]; Estructura poblacional y movimiento de algunos cetaceos del Golfo de California [SIP 20070803]; NASA Applied Sciences Program, Earth Science Division [NNH07ZDA001N]; Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences [ROSES-2007]; Program Element A; IPN (PIFI grant); Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN; M.Sc. Recovery Funds); Society for Marine Mammalogy; Cetacean Society International; American Cetacean Society; Ocean Foundation; Laboratorio de Ecolog a de Cetaceos y Quelonios; Departamento de Oceanolog a at CICIMAR-IPN FX The present study received financial support from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT) through the projects Monitoreo ecologico continuo de la Bahia de La Paz: Serie de tiempo (47310-F; PI: N.S.) and Investigaciones Oceanograsficas del Sistema Frontal de Baja California (SEP-2008-103898; PI: E.B.), as well as MSc and PhD scholarships to M. A.P. The Instituto Politecnico Nacional (IPN) funded part of the field work through the projects Monitoreo Ecologico Continuo en Bahia de La Paz (SIP 20040095, 2005-0274, 20060199, 20070664, 20080650, 20090523; PI: N.S.) and Estructura poblacional y movimiento de algunos cetaceos del Golfo de California (SIP 20070803; PI: D.G.). D.M.P. was supported by funding from the NASA Applied Sciences Program, Earth Science Division, through a grant provided by Research Announcement NNH07ZDA001N, Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES-2007), Program Element A. 20: Decision Support through Earth Science Research Results. M.A.P. also received funding from the IPN (PIFI grant), Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN; M.Sc. Recovery Funds), The Society for Marine Mammalogy (Grants in Aid of Research 2009), Cetacean Society International, American Cetacean Society (Monterey Bay Grant 2008), and The Ocean Foundation. We are grateful to all of the personnel from Laboratorio de Ecolog a de Cetaceos y Quelonios and Departamento de Oceanolog a at CICIMAR-IPN for their support during environmental and cetacean sampling. We also thank NOAA CoastWatch Program, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, and GeoEye for making the satellite data products readily available. Valuable comments during the study were provided by R. Palomares, G. De-La-Cruz-Aguero, O. Victorivich, R. Diaz-Gamboa, G. Busquets-Vass, and A. Martinez-Lopez from CICIMAR-IPN. NR 95 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 487 BP 245 EP 260 DI 10.3354/meps10217 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 193QV UT WOS:000322577400020 ER PT J AU Santora, JA Veit, RR AF Santora, Jarrod A. Veit, Richard R. TI Spatio-temporal persistence of top predator hotspots near the Antarctic Peninsula SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Antarctic; Conservation; Hotspot; Persistence; Richness; Seabirds; Marine mammals; Marine spatial management ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTH PACIFIC; MARINE BIRDS; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; HABITAT HOTSPOTS; ELEPHANT ISLAND AB We quantified species richness and abundance of seabirds and marine mammals in order to identify marine areas that are persistently attractive to top predators. Shipboard surveys across a 150 000 km(2) grid off the Antarctic Peninsula were conducted once or twice each year from 2003 to 2011 during which the distribution and abundance of top predators were mapped. We hypothesized that spatial organization of species richness and abundance hotspots reflect persistent habitat use and are regionalized according to distance from land and oceanographic boundaries. To test this, we used a new hotspot variance metric based on the percentage of time that the species richness or abundance estimate at any one location is greater than 1 standard deviation above the long term means for the entire survey grid. Species richness hotspots were based on all species sighted, while abundance hotspots were based on concentrations of 16 species: 13 seabirds (penguins, petrels and albatrosses), 1 pinniped and 2 baleen whales. Species abundance hotspots reflected 2 major groupings-those with oceanic and coastal origins. We identified 15 richness hotspots, 9 of which were in proximity to the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current front; the 6 others were associated with major breeding colonies and the location of 2 submarine canyon systems. Our approach integrates temporal and spatial variances over 14 individual surveys and provides useful reference points for identifying ecologically important areas, refining food web models and developing spatial management of and conservation strategies for marine ecosystems. C1 [Santora, Jarrod A.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Santora, Jarrod A.] CUNY Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. RP Santora, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM jasantora@gmail.com FU AMLR; NSF-OPP grant [9983751, 0337648] FX We greatly appreciate the dedication of the many US Antarctic Marine Living Resources (AMLR) program field workers for their support over the years. J.A.S. is especially grateful to M. P. Force for his dedication to the observer team. Thanks also to following observers: S. Mitra, A. J. Bernick, D. J. Futuyma, R. Heil, B. Nikula, T. P. White, E. T. Brown and K. Ampela. We thank R. Hewitt, A. Jenkins, C. S. Reiss and G. Watters for their support of the seabird and marine mammal survey team within the AMLR program. The manuscript was improved by comments and feedback from 3 anonymous reviewers, M. F. Sigler, W. J. Sydeman, R. Suryan and V. J Loeb. This study was funded and supported by AMLR contracts to J.A.S. and NSF-OPP grants (9983751, 0337648) to R. R. V. NR 85 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 45 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 487 BP 287 EP 304 DI 10.3354/meps10350 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 193QV UT WOS:000322577400023 ER PT J AU Simmons, DS Cicerone, MT Douglas, JF AF Simmons, David S. Cicerone, Marcus T. Douglas, Jack F. TI Response to "Comment on 'Generalized Localization Model of Relaxation in Glass-Forming Liquids'" by A. Ottochian et al. SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Editorial Material ID DYNAMICS C1 [Simmons, David S.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Polymer Engn Acad Ctr, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simmons, DS (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Polymer Engn Acad Ctr, 250 South Forge St, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM dsimmon@uakron.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov OI Simmons, David/0000-0002-1436-9269 NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 33 BP 7892 EP 7899 DI 10.1039/c3sm51316e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 193FO UT WOS:000322544200003 ER PT J AU Bergfelt, DR Steinetz, BG Reif, JS Schaefer, AM Bossart, GD Mazzoil, MS Zolman, E Fair, PA AF Bergfelt, Don R. Steinetz, Bernard G. Reif, John S. Schaefer, Adam M. Bossart, Gregory D. Mazzoil, Marilyn S. Zolman, Eric Fair, Patricia A. TI Evaluation of Single-Sample Analysis of Progesterone in Combination with Relaxin for Diagnosis of Pregnancy in Wild Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE progesterone; relaxin; pregnancy; wild bottlenose dolphins; Tursiops truncatus ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; SERUM; CHARLESTON; HORMONES; MARKER; URINE; DOGS; USA AB The present study is a preliminary evaluation of the potential for an elevation of relaxin to clarify an elevation of progesterone in wild bottlenose dolphins as pregnancy-related since relatively high progesterone in a single-sample analysis is not necessarily pregnancy-specific. Blood samples were collected from adult female bottlenose dolphins in estuaries of Charleston, South Carolina, and the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Serum progesterone and relaxin concentrations were analyzed in the same samples (n = 74) with respective radioimmunoassays (RIAs). Diagnosis of pregnancy was based on concentrations of progesterone and relaxin > 6.0 and > 11.2 ng/mL, respectively, whereas non-pregnancy was based on respective hormone concentrations less than or equal to baseline concentrations. Progesterone was observed at elevated concentrations considered diagnostic of pregnancy in 20 and relaxin in 12 bottlenose dolphins. In a contingency table analysis with progesterone as the conventional standard for pregnancy diagnosis, there was a 60% positive correspondence with relaxin (12 relaxin-out of 20 progesterone-diagnosed pregnancies) and 40% negative correspondence (8 relaxin-diagnosed nonpregnancies out of 20 progesterone-diagnosed pregnancies). Kappa analysis indicated good agreement (. = 74%) between relaxin-and progesterone-diagnosed pregnancies. Contingency table results were verified based on known pregnancies of nine cow-calf pairs observed through photo-identification subsequent to health assessments. Concordance between hormone diagnosed and observed pregnancies was 9 of 9 (100%) for progesterone and 7 of 9 (78%) for relaxin. Hence, preliminary results indicated that relaxin may have limited value for pregnancy diagnosis when used alone. However, in combination with an elevation of progesterone in a single-sample analysis, a pregnancy-specific elevation of relaxin can clarify that progesterone is pregnancy-related and, thus, confirm the diagnosis of pregnancy in wild bottlenose dolphins. C1 [Bergfelt, Don R.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Steinetz, Bernard G.] NYU, Sch Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schaefer, Adam M.; Bossart, Gregory D.; Mazzoil, Marilyn S.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Zolman, Eric; Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Bergfelt, DR (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. EM Bergfelt.don@epa.gov FU NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response; Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate fund FX The authors thank Steve Lamb and Sally Lasano for technical assistance in serum analysis of progesterone and relaxin, respectively. In addition, we would like to thank the numerous people who participated in the dolphin capture-release studies in South Carolina and Florida. We are especially grateful to Mr. Steve McCulloch and Dr. Juli Goldstein, Dr. Forrest Townsend, Mr. Larry Hansen, Mr. Larry Fulford, the NOAA and HBOI staff, the collaborators and veterinarians who provided their expertise, and the many volunteers whose help make the bottlenose dolphin health assessment (HERA) studies possible. This study was primarily supported through NOAA/NCCOS/CCEHBR, NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health/Stranding Response, and Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate fund. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2013 VL 39 IS 2 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1578/AM.39.2.2013.187 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 186KV UT WOS:000322043700008 ER PT J AU Johnson, L Anulacion, B Arkoosh, M Olson, OP Sloan, C Sol, SY Spromberg, J Teel, DJ Yanagida, G Ylitalo, G AF Johnson, Lyndal Anulacion, Bernadita Arkoosh, Mary Olson, O. Paul Sloan, Catherine Sol, Sean Y. Spromberg, Julann Teel, David J. Yanagida, Gladys Ylitalo, Gina TI Persistent Organic Pollutants in Juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin: Implications for Stock Recovery SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PUGET-SOUND; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; WASHINGTON; ESTUARY; FISH; MAGNIFICATION AB Among the populations of Pacific salmon and steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous Rainbow Trout) that inhabit the Columbia River basin there are currently 13 Evolutionarily Significant Units listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. While habitat loss, dams, overharvest, and climate change have been implicated in declining abundance of Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha in the Columbia River, chemical contaminants represent an additional, yet poorly understood, conservation threat. In this study we measured concentrations of persistent organic pollutants in juvenile Chinook Salmon from various Columbia River stocks and life history types to evaluate the potential for adverse effects in these threatened and endangered fish. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), recognized contaminants of concern in the Columbia basin, are the primary focus of this paper; other contaminants found in these fish, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are described in other publications. We frequently detected PCBs and DDTs in juvenile salmon and salmon diet samples from the lower Columbia River and estuary. In some cases, concentrations in salmon were above estimated thresholds for effects on growth and survival. The tidal freshwater portion of the estuary, between Portland, Oregon, and Longview, Washington, appeared to be an important source of contaminants for juvenile salmon and a region in which salmon were exposed to toxicants associated with urban development and industrial activity. Highest concentrations of PCBs were found in fall Chinook Salmon stocks with subyearling life histories, including populations from the upper Columbia and Snake rivers, which feed and rear in the tidal freshwater and estuarine portions of the river for extended periods. Spring Chinook Salmon stocks with yearling life histories that migrate more rapidly through the estuary generally had low PCB concentrations, but high concentrations of DDTs. Lipid content was low (<1%) in many of the fish examined, contributing to high lipid-adjusted contaminants concentrations in some samples. Received November 28, 2011; accepted August 8, 2012 C1 [Johnson, Lyndal; Anulacion, Bernadita; Olson, O. Paul; Sloan, Catherine; Sol, Sean Y.; Spromberg, Julann; Yanagida, Gladys; Ylitalo, Gina] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Arkoosh, Mary] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. RP Johnson, L (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM lyndal.l.johnson@noaa.gov FU Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership; Bonnevillle Power Administration FX We appreciate the chemical and data analyses provided by Jennie Bolton, Daryle Boyd, Richard Boyer, Ron Pearce, and Karen Tilbury and the assistance with fish collection provided by Dan Lomax, David Baldwin, Mark Myers, Tony Ramirez, Kate Macneale, and Maryjean Willis. Laurie Weitkamp provided spring Chinook Salmon samples for chemical analyses. Joe Dietrich provided valuable information on land-use and exposure profiles for Chinook Salmon stocks. David Kuligowski, Tricia Lundrigan, and Paul Moran contributed to the genetic analysis in this study. We also thank Jill Leary, Krista Jones, and Catherine Corbett for their support and guidance in carrying out this study in collaboration with the Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership, and Rob Neely and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Response and Restoration for their collaboration in collecting samples from the Portland area. Funding for this study was provided in part by the Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership and the Bonnevillle Power Administration. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 46 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 21 EP 40 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.720627 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500003 ER PT J AU Johnson, DR Perry, HM Lyczkowski-Shultz, J AF Johnson, Donald R. Perry, Harriet M. Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne TI Connections between Campeche Bank and Red Snapper Populations in the Gulf of Mexico via Modeled Larval Transport SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; LOOP CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA; CIRCULATION; SIMULATION; DISPERSION; INTRUSION; HABITAT AB The potential for Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus on Campeche Bank to contribute to regional fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico through larval transport was studied using numerical circulation model data. A tracking algorithm was applied at an array of starting locations over Campeche Bank and simulated larval propagules launched every 3d during the spawning seasons of four model years within the period 2003-2010. Successful recruitment was defined as arrival in water depths less than 200m after 31 d of planktonic drift, regional recruitment being defined as a percentage of propagules launched. It was found that successful natal retention to Campeche Bank was high, varying between 67% and 73% of all launched propagules. However, successful recruitment to other regions around the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) was sporadic and extremely low. Robustness of the methodology was examined in a set of experiments involving larval depth and subgrid scale diffusion. The results suggest that larvae from Campeche Bank can contribute to homogenization of the gene pool throughout the GOM but may be insufficient to restore depleted regional populations. Received February 7, 2012; accepted August 5, 2012 C1 [Johnson, Donald R.; Perry, Harriet M.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Johnson, DR (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM donald.r.johnson@usm.edu FU Marine Fisheries Initiative Program of the NMFS Southeastern Regional Office FX We gratefully acknowledge funding from the Marine Fisheries Initiative Program of the NMFS Southeastern Regional Office. We thank Eric Saillant and Bruce Comyns for their help with study development. We are also grateful to the HYCOM consortium team for making model data readily available (www.hycom.org). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.720630 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500005 ER PT J AU Lerner, JD Kerstetter, DW Prince, ED Talaue-McManus, L Orbesen, ES Mariano, A Snodgrass, D Thomas, GL AF Lerner, Justin D. Kerstetter, David W. Prince, Eric D. Talaue-McManus, Liana Orbesen, Eric S. Mariano, Arthur Snodgrass, Derke Thomas, Gary L. TI Swordfish Vertical Distribution and Habitat Use in Relation to Diel and Lunar Cycles in the Western North Atlantic SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; XIPHIAS-GLADIUS; MOVEMENTS; PACIFIC; TELEMETRY AB The vertical movement patterns of eight Swordfish Xiphias gladius from 109- to 249-cm lower jaw fork length in the western North Atlantic were studied utilizing pop-up archival transmitting tags. Deployments ranged from 120 to 151 d. Swordfish demonstrated significant differences in depth and temperature distributions between daytime and nighttime periods. Individual Swordfish behavior was characterized by occupying surface waters of less than 100m during the night and depths greater than 400m during daytime hours, vertical movements between the surface and depth occurring during crepuscular hours. The maximum depth recorded was 1,448m (one of the deepest recorded depths for the species). Daytime surfacing behavior was seen in all tagged Swordfish, a rare finding for Swordfish in tropical latitudes. A dominant diurnal period of 1 cycle/d was found from a power spectral density analysis of five of the tagged Swordfish, a novel method for determining periodicity in the behavior of tagged animals. Regression analysis indicated a significant positive relationship between depth and fraction of the moon illuminated, supporting anecdotal and vessel logbook information from local Swordfish fisheries indicating changes in depth in relation to lunar phase. Received January 17, 2012; accepted August 5, 2012 C1 [Lerner, Justin D.; Talaue-McManus, Liana; Mariano, Arthur; Thomas, Gary L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kerstetter, David W.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Prince, Eric D.; Orbesen, Eric S.; Snodgrass, Derke] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lerner, JD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jlerner81@gmail.com RI Kerstetter, David/I-5396-2012 FU Southeast Swordfish Club FX We would like to sincerely thank the captains who donated the use of their vessels and fishing gear to aid in tag deployments: T. Palmer (FV Blue Baron), S. Smith, R. J. Boyle, and K. Mahfood (FV Skirt Chaser). We are grateful for the assistance and support provided by M. Estevanez. We would like to recognize the Southeast Swordfish Club for donating funds toward the purchase of two PATs. Lastly, we thank E. Peel and The Billfish Foundation for additional logistical support. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 95 EP 104 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.720629 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500009 ER PT J AU Baumann, H Sutherland, SJ McBride, RS AF Baumann, Hannes Sutherland, Sandra J. McBride, Richard S. TI Longitudinal Length Back-Calculations from Otoliths and Scales Differ Systematically in Haddock SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; AGE-DETERMINATION; NORTH-SEA; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISH POPULATION; SOMATIC GROWTH; SCOTIAN SHELF AB Parallel macrostructure analysis of otoliths versus scales was conducted on Georges Bank Haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus sampled in spring 2011 to test whether annuli widths of both structures yield comparable estimates of back-calculated length at age. While generally similar in number, scale and otolith annuli were found to differ systematically in their relative widths, mainly because initial annuli are deposited closer to the origin in scales than in otoliths. Accounting for the delayed onset of scale versus otolith formation did not remove the systematic bias. To make both structures comparable, we developed an age-independent correction approach that can adjust cumulative relative annuli widths (RAWs) of Haddock scales to otolith RAWs by the quadratic formula log (e) (RAW (oto) ) = 0.7244log (e) (RAW (scale) ) + 0.0751log (e) (RAW (scale) )(2). Our study comprises a necessary step towards extracting and comparing longitudinal growth data over the entire time series of archived Haddock scales (1931-1993) and otoliths (1994-present) to improve understanding of decadal drivers of growth patterns in this fish stock. Historical longitudinal growth data for exploited stocks are currently underutilized despite their high potential value, given that such data do not confound growth and mortality the way population-based age-length relationships do. Mixed archives consisting of multiple growth structures exist not only for Haddock but for many commercial fish species; hence, prior to mining these valuable time series of longitudinal data the comparability not only of age but also of back-calculated growth estimates between structures needs to be ascertained. Received May 16, 2012; accepted August 28, 2012 C1 [Baumann, Hannes] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sutherland, Sandra J.; McBride, Richard S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Baumann, H (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 123 Dana Hall, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM hannes.baumann@stonybrook.edu RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012; OI Baumann, Hannes/0000-0002-4039-4230 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 1 BP 184 EP 192 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.728168 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 189ZJ UT WOS:000322306500016 ER PT J AU Gharavi, H Hu, B AF Gharavi, Hamid Hu, Bin GP IEEE TI Dynamic Key Refreshment for Smart Grid Mesh Network Security SO 2013 IEEE PES INNOVATIVE SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES (ISGT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the IEEE PES on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT) CY FEB 24-27, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE PES DE Smart Grid; wireless mesh networks; security protocols; EMSA; SAE; security attacks; IEEE 802.11s AB This paper presents a dynamically updating key distribution strategy to enhance mesh network security against cyber attacks. The scheme has been applied to two security protocols known as Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) and Efficient Mesh Security Association (EMSA). The former is based on a password-authenticated key exchange and the latter relies on mesh key holders through the use of a mesh key hierarchy. Since both SAE and EMSA protocols utilize 4-way handshaking, the resiliency of the network in a situation where an intruder carries a denial of service attack has been evaluated. This includes the effect of the proposed dynamic key refreshment strategy on the network delay and overhead performance. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Hu, Bin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Gharavi@nist.gov; bhu@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-4896-6 PY 2013 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BFM26 UT WOS:000320500800120 ER PT J AU Vivanco, MG Santiago, M Sanchez, M Clavero, MA Borras, E Rodenas, M Alacreu, F Vazquez, M Clemente, E Porras, R Munoz, A Stein, A AF Vivanco, M. G. Santiago, M. Sanchez, M. Clavero, M. A. Borras, E. Rodenas, M. Alacreu, F. Vazquez, M. Clemente, E. Porras, R. Munoz, A. Stein, A. TI Experimental data on SOA formation from mixtures of anthropogenic and biogenic organic compounds SO ATMOSFERA LA English DT Article DE SOA formation; chamber experiments; organic gases; aerosols ID SECONDARY AEROSOL FORMATION; ALPHA-PINENE; NATURAL SUNLIGHT; M-XYLENE; PHOTOOXIDATION; ISOPRENE; NOX; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; CHAMBER AB Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) constitute a significant fraction of the atmospheric particulate matter. Theses particles are formed as a consequence of the oxidation reaction of certain organic gases that leads to the formation of low-volatility compounds. As for other pollutants, air quality models allow the simulation of particle levels and thus models constitute a powerful tool in air quality management. Nevertheless, the accepted use of models must be based on the validation of its capacity to reproduce observed concentrations. Air monitoring sites provide measured information of a large variety of ambient pollutants. Unfortunately, measurements on SOA are not normally available, as current monitoring networks do not include instrumentation to distinguish primary from secondary sources of organic carbonaceous aerosol. This paper presents a set of photooxidation experiments performed in the European Photorreactor (EUPHORE) smog chamber (CEAM, Spain) under different experimental conditions to investigate SOA formation. The use of chambers allows the isolation of atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation processes. Thus, although these measurements were obtained at initial precursor concentrations higher than those in atmospheric conditions, they constitute a valuable set of information for SOA model evaluation purposes. C1 [Vivanco, M. G.; Santiago, M.; Sanchez, M.; Clavero, M. A.] CIEMAT, Dept Medio Ambiente, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Borras, E.; Rodenas, M.; Alacreu, F.; Vazquez, M.; Clemente, E.; Porras, R.; Munoz, A.] Fdn CEAM, CEAM, Paterna Valencia 46980, Spain. [Stein, A.] NOAA, ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Vivanco, MG (reprint author), CIEMAT, Dept Medio Ambiente, Av Complutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM m.garcia@ciemat.es RI Stein, Ariel/G-1330-2012; Stein, Ariel F/L-9724-2014; Vivanco, Marta/L-9816-2014; OI Stein, Ariel F/0000-0002-9560-9198; Vivanco, Marta/0000-0002-5828-1859; Munoz, Amalia/0000-0002-3618-7327 FU Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion [CGL2008-02260/CLI]; Ministerio del Medio Ambiente of Spain FX This project has been financed by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (CGL2008-02260/CLI) and the Ministerio del Medio Ambiente of Spain. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 20 PU CENTRO CIENCIAS ATMOSFERA UNAM PI MEXICO CITY PA CIRCUITO EXTERIOR, MEXICO CITY CU 04510, MEXICO SN 0187-6236 J9 ATMOSFERA JI Atmosfera PD JAN PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 BP 59 EP 73 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 186ZG UT WOS:000322083900005 ER PT J AU Fry, MM Schwarzkopf, MD Adelman, Z Naik, V Collins, WJ West, JJ AF Fry, M. M. Schwarzkopf, M. D. Adelman, Z. Naik, V. Collins, W. J. West, J. J. TI Net radiative forcing and air quality responses to regional CO emission reductions (vol 13, pg 5381, 2013) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Fry, M. M.; Adelman, Z.; West, J. J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Schwarzkopf, M. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Collins, W. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 12 BP 5943 EP 5944 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5943-2013 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 182TC UT WOS:000321766300006 ER PT J AU Kipling, Z Stier, P Schwarz, JP Perring, AE Spackman, JR Mann, GW Johnson, CE Telford, PJ AF Kipling, Z. Stier, P. Schwarz, J. P. Perring, A. E. Spackman, J. R. Mann, G. W. Johnson, C. E. Telford, P. J. TI Constraints on aerosol processes in climate models from vertically-resolved aircraft observations of black carbon SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL DEEP CONVECTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; UNIFIED MODEL; SCHEME; EMISSIONS; PARAMETERIZATION; AEROCOM AB Evaluation of the aerosol schemes in current climate models is dependent upon the available observational data. In-situ observations from flight campaigns can provide valuable data about the vertical distribution of aerosol that is difficult to obtain from satellite or ground-based platforms, although they are localised in space and time. Using single-particle soot-photometer (SP2) measurements from the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaign, which consists of many vertical profiles over a large region of the Pacific, we evaluate the meridional and vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) aerosol simulated by the HadGEM3-UKCA and ECHAM5-HAM2 models. Both models show a similar pattern of overestimating the BC column burden compared to that derived from the observations, in many areas by an order of magnitude. However, by sampling the simulated BC mass mixing ratio along the flight track and comparing to the observations, we show that this discrepancy has a rather different vertical structure in the two models: in HadGEM3-UKCA the discrepancy is dominated by excess aerosol in the tropical upper troposphere, while in ECHAM5-HAM2 areas of discrepancy are spread across many different latitudes and altitudes. Using this methodology, we conduct sensitivity tests on two specific elements of the models: biomass-burning emissions and scavenging by convective precipitation. We show that, by coupling the convective scavenging more tightly with convective transport, both the column burden and vertical distribution of BC in HadGEM3-UKCA are much improved with respect to the observations, with a substantial and statistically significant increase in correlation - this demonstrates the importance of a realistic representation of this process. In contrast, updating from GFED2 to GFED3.1 biomass-burning emissions makes a more modest improvement in both models, which is not statistically significant. By comparing our results with a more traditional approach using regional-and monthly-mean vertical profile curves, we show that the point-by-point analysis allows the model improvements to be demonstrated more clearly. We also demonstrate the important role that nudged simulations (where the large-scale model dynamics are continuously relaxed towards a reanalysis) can play in this type of evaluation, allowing statistically significant differences between configurations of the aerosol scheme to be seen where the differences between the corresponding free-running simulations would not be significant. C1 [Kipling, Z.; Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Spackman, J. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mann, G. W.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Mann, G. W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Johnson, C. E.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Telford, P. J.] Univ Cambridge, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. [Telford, P. J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. RP Kipling, Z (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. EM kipling@atm.ox.ac.uk RI Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; FU Natural Environment Research Council [NE/G006148/1]; Met. Office; Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS); National Science Foundation; NERC; DECC/DEFRA Met. Office Hadley Centre FX This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council project AEROS [grant number NE/G006148/1]; and the Met. Office. GM is supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through the National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS). HIPPO flight data provided by NCAR/EOL under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation (http://data.eol.ucar.edu/). ERA-Interim data provided by Paul Berrisford and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). GFED3.1 biomass-burning emissions data provided by Guido van der Werf. The development of GLOMAP-mode within HadGEM is part of the UKCA project, which is supported by both NERC and the Joint DECC/DEFRA Met. Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme. AEROCOM median model data supplied by the AEROCOM project, from data provided by the contributing modellers. Computing resources provided by the Met. Office/NERC Joint Weather & Climate Research Programme (JWCRP) and Deutsche Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ). Thanks to Nick Schutgens for a number of insightful discussions during the course of this work, and to two anonymous referees for their many helpful comments. NR 70 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 12 BP 5969 EP 5986 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5969-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 182TC UT WOS:000321766300008 ER PT J AU Nicholls, ME Montgomery, MT AF Nicholls, M. E. Montgomery, M. T. TI An examination of two pathways to tropical cyclogenesis occurring in idealized simulations with a cloud-resolving numerical model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE CRITICAL LAYER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SQUALL-LINE; CUMULUS CONVECTION; POSSIBLE MECHANISM; DIURNAL-VARIATION; WESTERN PACIFIC; EASTERLY WAVES; GRAVITY-WAVES; TYPHOON NURI AB Simulations are conducted with a cloud-resolving numerical model to examine the transformation of a weak incipient mid-level cyclonic vortex into a tropical cyclone. Results demonstrate that two distinct pathways are possible and that development along a particular pathway is sensitive to model physics and initial conditions. One pathway involves a steady increase of the surface winds to tropical cyclone strength as the radius of maximum winds gradually decreases. A notable feature of this evolution is the creation of small-scale lower tropospheric cyclonic vorticity anomalies by deep convective towers and subsequent merger and convergence by the low-level secondary circulation. The second pathway also begins with a strengthening low-level circulation, but eventually a significantly stronger mid-level circulation develops. Cyclogenesis occurs subsequently when a small-scale surface concentrated vortex forms abruptly near the center of the larger-scale circulation. The small-scale vortex is warm core throughout the troposphere and results in a fall in local surface pressure of a few millibars. It usually develops rapidly, undergoing a modest growth to form a small tropical cyclone. Many of the simulated systems approach or reach tropical cyclone strength prior to development of a prominent mid-level vortex so that the subsequent formation of a strong small-scale surface concentrated vortex in these cases could be considered intensification rather than genesis. Experiments are performed to investigate the dependence on the inclusion of the ice phase, radiation, the size and strength of the incipient mid-level vortex, the amount of moisture present in the initial vortex, and the sea surface temperature. Notably, as the sea surface temperature is raised, the likelihood of development along the second pathway is in-creased. This appears to be related to an increased production of ice. The sensitivity of the pathway taken to model physics and initial conditions revealed by these experiments raise the possibility that the solution to this initial value problem is near a bifurcation point. Future improvements to model parameterizations and more accurate observations of the transformation of disturbances to tropical cyclones should clarify the conditions that favor a particular pathway when starting from a mid-level vortex. C1 [Nicholls, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, M. T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Nicholls, ME (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM melville.nicholls@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [NSF AGS 0965721, ATM-0733380]; U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0185] FX We are grateful to Saurabh Barve for providing computational assistance, and Thomas Cram, Wesley Terwey and Donavan Wheeler for aid with data analysis code. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation, under Grants NSF AGS 0965721 and ATM-0733380, and by the U.S. Office of Naval Research Grant No. N00014-03-1-0185. NR 62 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 12 BP 5999 EP 6022 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5999-2013 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 182TC UT WOS:000321766300010 ER PT J AU Lee, YH Lamarque, JF Flanner, MG Jiao, C Shindell, DT Berntsen, T Bisiaux, MM Cao, J Collins, WJ Curran, M Edwards, R Faluvegi, G Ghan, S Horowitz, LW McConnell, JR Ming, J Myhre, G Nagashima, T Naik, V Rumbold, ST Skeie, RB Sudo, K Takemura, T Thevenon, F Xu, B Yoon, JH AF Lee, Y. H. Lamarque, J. -F. Flanner, M. G. Jiao, C. Shindell, D. T. Berntsen, T. Bisiaux, M. M. Cao, J. Collins, W. J. Curran, M. Edwards, R. Faluvegi, G. Ghan, S. Horowitz, L. W. McConnell, J. R. Ming, J. Myhre, G. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. B. Sudo, K. Takemura, T. Thevenon, F. Xu, B. Yoon, J-H TI Evaluation of preindustrial to present-day black carbon and its albedo forcing from Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) (vol 13, pg 2607, 2013) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Flanner, M. G.; Jiao, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Berntsen, T.] Univ Oslo, CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Berntsen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Bisiaux, M. M.; McConnell, J. R.] Nevada Syst Higher Educ, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. [Cao, J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Earth Environm, State Key Lab Loess & Quaternary Geol, Xian, Peoples R China. [Collins, W. J.; Rumbold, S. T.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Edwards, R.] Curtin Univ, Dept Imaging & Appl Phys, Bentley, WA, Australia. [Ghan, S.; Yoon, J-H] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ming, J.] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Myhre, G.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Nagashima, T.; Skeie, R. B.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Thevenon, F.] Univ Geneva, FA Forel Inst, Versoix, Switzerland. [Xu, B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Key Lab Tibetan Environm Changes & Land Surface P, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Lee, YH (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM yunha.lee@nasa.gov RI Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Edwards, Ross/B-1433-2013; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Cao, Junji/D-3259-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Edwards, Ross/0000-0002-9233-8775; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Cao, Junji/0000-0003-1000-7241 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 13 BP 6553 EP 6554 DI 10.5194/acp-13-6553-2013 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 182TL UT WOS:000321767200029 ER PT J AU Atha, DH Ammanamanchi, N Obadina, M Reipa, V AF Atha, Donald H. Ammanamanchi, Niyatie Obadina, Mofiyin Reipa, Vytas TI Quantitative Measurement of Electrochemically Induced DNA Damage Using Capillary Electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; STRAND SCISSION; NUCLEIC-ACIDS; OXIDATION; EQUILIBRIA; CHEMISTRY; BREAKS AB Exposure of mammalian cells to oxidative stress can result in DNA damage that adversely affects many cell processes. We used bulk electrolysis in an electrochemical system and capillary electrophoresis (CE) to control and measure the effect of oxidative stress on DNA. Calf thymus DNA and a fiuorescently labeled DNA sizing ladder were subjected to fixed oxidizing potentials using a reticulated vitreous carbon electrode (RVC) and their fragmentation was measured with the use of CE. The resulting electropherograms showed that the oxidative treatment resulted in DNA fragmentation. Poly adenosine (Poly A) 40mer and poly guanosine (Poly G) 40-mer oligonucleotides were exposed to a controlled oxidative environment at constant potential values E = 0.5 V, 1.0 V, 1.5 V, and 2 V (vs Ag/AgCl) for 1 hour in 0.1 mol/L potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.3. The treated DNA fragments were analyzed by CE. The areas of the CE peaks were measured and the percentage of DNA fragmentation was calculated. Only minor fragmentation was observed when oligonucleotides were exposed to E = 0.5 V, with strand scission starting at electrode potentials E > 1.0 V. The E = 2.0 V treatment resulted in approximately 50% fragmentation of Poly A, compared to approximately 15% for the Poly G. These results, using DNA as a test model, demonstrate that controlled-potential electrolysis can be used to produce desired levels of oxidative damage to biomaterials without the need to use oxidative chemicals, which are difficult to control and relate to thermodynamic models. 2013 The Electrochemical Society. All rights-reserved. C1 [Atha, Donald H.; Ammanamanchi, Niyatie; Obadina, Mofiyin; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atha, DH (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytautas.reipa@nist.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2013 VL 160 IS 7 BP G3139 EP G3143 DI 10.1149/2.021307jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 183DQ UT WOS:000321794600023 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Osborn, WA Rykaczewski, K Talin, AA Bonevich, JE Hudgens, JW Allendorf, MD AF Pettibone, John M. Osborn, William A. Rykaczewski, Konrad Talin, A. Alec Bonevich, John E. Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Allendorf, Mark D. TI Surface mediated assembly of small, metastable gold nanoclusters SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID CO OXIDATION; CLUSTERS; SIZE; MONODISPERSE; IDENTIFICATION; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; REACTIVITY; DEPOSITION; CATALYSTS AB The unique properties of metallic nanoclusters are attractive for numerous commercial and industrial applications but are generally less stable than nanocrystals. Thus, developing methodologies for stabilizing nanoclusters and retaining their enhanced functionality is of great interest. We report the assembly of PPh3-protected Au-9 clusters from a heterogeneous mixture into films consisting of sub 3 nm nanocluster assemblies. The depositing nanoclusters are metastable in solution, but the resulting nanocluster assemblies are stabilized indefinitely in air or fresh solvent. The films exhibit distinct structure from Au nanoparticles observed by X-ray diffraction, and film dissolution data support the preservation of small nanoclusters. UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy are used to elucidate information regarding the nanocluster formation and assembly mechanism. Preferential deposition of nanocluster assemblies can be achieved on multiple substrates, including polymer, Cr, Si, SiO2, SiNx, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Unlike other vapor phase coating processes, nanocluster assembly on the MIL-68(In) MOF crystal is capable of preferentially coating the external surface and stabilizing the crystal structure in hydrothermal conditions, which should enhance their storage, separation and delivery capabilities. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Osborn, William A.; Rykaczewski, Konrad; Bonevich, John E.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Pettibone, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.pettibone@nist.gov RI Osborn, Will/G-4526-2012 FU Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors thank K. Steffens for help with XPS measurements and M. Martin for help synthesizing the gold nanoparticles. MDA was supported by the Sandia Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 41 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 17 U2 140 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 14 BP 6558 EP 6566 DI 10.1039/c3nr01708g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 172OW UT WOS:000321014900051 PM 23759958 ER PT J AU Xu, YM Carpenter, JF Ciceronec, MT Randolph, TW AF Xu, Yemin Carpenter, John F. Ciceronec, Marcus T. Randolph, Theodore W. TI Contributions of local mobility and degree of retention of native secondary structure to the stability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in glassy lyophilized formulations SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID I INFRARED-SPECTRA; STORAGE STABILITY; PROTEIN PHARMACEUTICALS; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; SUCROSE LEVEL; SOLID-STATE; AGGREGATION; TRANSITION; METHODOLOGIES; SPECTROSCOPY AB Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) was used as a model in lyophilized formulations to investigate how protein degradation pathways of aggregation, deamidation and oxidation are linked to glassy state dynamics and the structure of protein immobilized in glassy matrices. This study examined formulations of rhGH combined with the disaccharides sucrose or trehalose and various amounts of hydroxyethyl starch (HES), which upon lyophilization yielded glasses with a wide range of retention of native protein structure and glass transition temperatures. After storage at temperatures of 313, 323 and 333 K for periods of up to 16 weeks, samples were analyzed for protein secondary structure, the amount of various types of protein degradation, as well as structural relaxation time and the local mobility. Surprisingly, protein degradation rates were higher in formulations with higher glass transition temperatures and slower global dynamic motions. Formulations in which the protein retained more native-like structure immediately following lyophilization exhibited better stability, and these formulations also showed larger free energy barriers to structural perturbations. Protein structure and local mobility in the glass were strongly correlated with rate constants for aggregation, deamidation and oxidation local mobility within the glassy matrices, but degradation rates had different dependencies on these stability metrics at different temperatures.dagger C1 [Xu, Yemin] Univ Colorado, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Dept Biochem, Boulder, CO USA. [Carpenter, John F.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Ciceronec, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Randolph, Theodore W.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Randolph, TW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Pharmaceut Biotechnol, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NIH/NIBIB [R01 EB006398-01A1] FX We acknowledge funding from NIH/NIBIB under grant R01 EB006398-01A1. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 32 BP 7855 EP 7865 DI 10.1039/c3sm51251g PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 188XF UT WOS:000322230300022 ER PT S AU Price, SWT Zonias, N Skylaris, CK Russell, AE Ravel, B AF Price, Stephen W. T. Zonias, Nicholas Skylaris, Chris-Kriton Russell, Andrea E. Ravel, Bruce BE Wu, ZY TI The application of molecular dynamics to fitting EXAFS data SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE (XAFS15) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) CY JUL 22-28, 2012 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci (CAS), Natl Nat Sci Fdn China (NSFC), China Ctr Adv Sci & Technol World Lab, Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, AREVA, Xian Act Power Elect Co, Ltd ID PARTICLES; SIZE; PARAMETERS; CLUSTERS AB In recent work, a new method for using the outputs of molecular dynamics simulations to generate enhanced inputs for EXAFS analysis of nanoparticles was reported. Although currently limited to the first coordination shell, the method was demonstrated to improve both the quality of the fit, and the cross-correlation of the EXAFS data with that from TEM and XRD. Here we discuss further the justifications behind this assertion. C1 [Price, Stephen W. T.; Zonias, Nicholas; Skylaris, Chris-Kriton; Russell, Andrea E.] Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Ravel, Bruce] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Price, SWT (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM s.w.t.price@soton.ac.uk; a.e.russell@soton.ac.uk; bravel@bnl.gov FU EPSRC; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors acknowledge the EPSRC and Johnson Matthey for funding and would like to thank Dr B. Theobald, Dr T. Hyde and Dr D. Ozkaya of Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Sonning Common for supplying the catalyst samples, and for XRD and TEM analysis. N.Z. would like to thank the Southampton Nanoforum for a PhD studentship. C.-K.S would like to thank the Royal Society for a University Research Fellowship. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2013 VL 430 AR UNSP 012009 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/430/1/012009 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BFM11 UT WOS:000320464300009 ER PT S AU Ravel, B AF Ravel, Bruce BE Wu, ZY TI Path aggregation techniques for EXAFS visualization and analysis SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE (XAFS15) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) CY JUL 22-28, 2012 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, China Ctr Adv Sci & Technol World Lab, Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst High Energy Phys, AREVA, Xian Act Power Elect Co, Ltd ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; IFEFFIT AB The path expansion model used by FEFF considers the EXAFS spectrum as the sum of contributions from scattering geometries of two or more atoms in a cluster surrounding the absorbing atom. This model and its representation as a collection of files is the basis for a number of popular EXAFS analysis programs, including one co-developed by me. Here I present several tools which build upon the scattering path model to articulate analysis and visualization capabilities not normally included in FEFF-based analysis software. These include the generation of arbitrary single-scattering paths not represented in FEFFs input structure, consideration of non-Gaussian and non-cumulant distribution functions, easy visualization of arbitrary path summations, and others. Each of these tools is tightly integrated into the ARTEMIS EXAFS analysis program, making these analysis and visualization tools easily and widely available. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ravel, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bravel@bnl.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2013 VL 430 AR UNSP 012006 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/430/1/012006 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA BFM11 UT WOS:000320464300006 ER PT S AU Yu, LL Pan, GJ Mehl, J Moldover, M Strouse, G Fernicola, V AF Yu, Lili Pan, Guanjun Mehl, James Moldover, Michael Strouse, Gregory Fernicola, Vito GP IEEE TI Dimension Optimization for a sapphire rod resonator cavity SO 2013 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEASURING TECHNOLOGY AND MECHATRONICS AUTOMATION (ICMTMA 2013) SE International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA) CY JAN 16-17, 2013 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Cent S Univ, Harbin Engn Univ DE sapphire; resonator; optimization AB A sapphire rod resonator was presented here and the dimension optimization for the cavity was implemented based on the sapphire rod which is 6 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length. For a resonator the Q factor, coupling strength, energy portion on the sapphire were the most important factors. This paper will mainly focus on the analysis of these three factors. The relations between Q and cavity diameter and the eigenfrequency change with the cavity dimension were also discussed in the paper. The calculation results were based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). C1 [Yu, Lili; Mehl, James; Moldover, Michael; Strouse, Gregory] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yu, Lili; Fernicola, Vito] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Yu, Lili] Politecn Torino, DISPEA, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Pan, Guanjun] Nanjing Univ, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.yu@polito.it RI Pan, Guanjun/I-3113-2012 OI Pan, Guanjun/0000-0002-9691-1145 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2157-1473 BN 978-0-7695-4932-3; 978-1-4673-5652-7 J9 INT CONF MEAS PY 2013 BP 473 EP 475 DI 10.1109/ICMTMA.2013.119 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BFQ56 UT WOS:000320989700115 ER PT S AU Yu, LL Pan, GJ Mehl, J Strouse, G Moldover, M Fernicola, V AF Yu, Lili Pan, Guanjun Mehl, James Strouse, Gregory Moldover, Michael Fernicola, Vito GP IEEE TI Investigation on sapphire rod resonator perturbation SO 2013 FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEASURING TECHNOLOGY AND MECHATRONICS AUTOMATION (ICMTMA 2013) SE International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA) CY JAN 16-17, 2013 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Cent S Univ, Harbin Engn Univ DE sapphire; resonator; perturbation AB Nowadays, sapphire resonator thermometer is a novel field starts from 2007 at NIST [1] and lots of work were done then by Strouse [1] and Yu et al. [2], [3] based on spherical and cylindrical sapphire. In order to make the thermometer more and more compact, sapphire rod was studied. Investigations on potential perturbations were firstly studied before the practical thermometer was done. This paper mainly discusses about the perturbations come from the supporting screws, supporting Teflon, axial displacement to the antennae and so on. Experiments were all done at room temperature based on a sapphire rod resonator. C1 [Yu, Lili; Mehl, James; Strouse, Gregory; Moldover, Michael] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pan, Guanjun; Fernicola, Vito] INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Yu, Lili] Polytech Univ Turin, Dept Pure & Appl Sci, Turin, Italy. [Pan, Guanjun] Nanjing Univ, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.yu@polito.it RI Pan, Guanjun/I-3113-2012 OI Pan, Guanjun/0000-0002-9691-1145 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2157-1473 BN 978-0-7695-4932-3; 978-1-4673-5652-7 J9 INT CONF MEAS PY 2013 BP 674 EP 676 DI 10.1109/ICMTMA.2013.168 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BFQ56 UT WOS:000320989700165 ER PT S AU Cook, K Fong, CJ Wenkel, MJ Wilczynski, P Yen, N Chang, GS AF Cook, Kendra Fong, Chen-Joe Wenkel, Michael J. Wilczynski, Peter Yen, Nick Chang, G. S. GP IEEE TI FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 GNSS Radio Occultation Constellation Mission for Global Weather Monitoring SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The United States and Taiwan, through an Agreement signed in May 2010, have begun to jointly develop a satellite program to deliver next-generation global navigation satellite system (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) data to users around the world. This Program, known as FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2, is the follow-on to the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission, which was a joint US-Taiwan 6-satellite constellation demonstration mission launched in April 2006. The COSMIC mission was the world's first operational GPS radio occultation (GPS-RO) mission for global weather forecast; climate monitoring; atmospheric, ionospheric, and geodetic research. The GPS-RO data from COSMIC has been extremely valuable to the climate, meteorology, and space weather communities, including real-time forecasting users as well as U.S. and international research communities. FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC reached the end of its design life in 2011. The constellation satellites have exhibited some unrecoverable anomalies and consequently the critical real-time satellite observing capability is degrading and may go offline with uncertainty in the coming few years. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Taiwan's National Space Organization (NSPO) have recognized the potential GPS-RO data gap due to the degrading COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 constellation and agreed to implement the follow-on COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 mission in 2010. Both experienced programmatic difficulties in the past two years in the course of implementing the COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 Program; however, significant progress over the past six months has occurred. This paper will provide an overview of the COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 Program including the Program goals and objectives. It will also discuss the status of the Program including current satellite and constellation configuration, activities to determine the optimal and minimal ground system architecture to meet data latency requirements, and other discussions on the mission and scientific payload technology that will be used to meet the Program objectives. C1 [Cook, Kendra] Integr Applicat Inc, 15020 Conf Ctr Dr,Suite 100, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. [Fong, Chen-Joe; Yen, Nick; Chang, G. S.] Natl Space Org, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan. [Wenkel, Michael J.] Aerosp Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wilczynski, Peter] NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cook, K (reprint author), Integr Applicat Inc, 15020 Conf Ctr Dr,Suite 100, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA. EM Kendra.Cook@noaa.gov; cjfong@nspo.narl.org.tw; Mike.Wenkel@noaa.gov; Peter.Wilczynski@noaa.gov; longine@nspo.narl.org.tw; gschang@nspo.narl.org.tw NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902073 ER PT S AU Ruf, C Gleason, S Jelenak, Z Katzberg, S Ridley, A Rose, R Scherrer, J Zavorotny, V AF Ruf, Chris Gleason, Scott Jelenak, Zorana Katzberg, Stephen Ridley, Aaron Rose, Randy Scherrer, John Zavorotny, Valery GP IEEE TI The NASA EV-2 Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) Mission SO 2013 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE SE IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 02-09, 2013 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE ID GPS SIGNALS AB The NASA EV-2 Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a spaceborne mission focused on tropical cyclone (TC) inner core process studies. CYGNSS attempts to resolve the principle deficiencies with current TC intensity forecasts, which lies in inadequate observations and modeling of the inner core. The inadequacy in observations results from two causes: 1) Much of the inner core ocean surface is obscured from conventional remote sensing instruments by intense precipitation in the eye wall and inner rain bands. 2) The rapidly evolving (genesis and intensification) stages of the TC life cycle are poorly sampled in time by conventional polar-orbiting, wide-swath surface wind imagers. CYGNSS is specifically designed to address these two limitations by combining the all-weather performance of GNSS bistatic ocean surface scatterometry with the sampling properties of a constellation of satellites. C1 [Ruf, Chris; Ridley, Aaron] Univ Michigan, AOSS Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Gleason, Scott] Concordia Univ, Dept Ece, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA, NESDIS St AR UCAR, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Katzberg, Stephen] South Carlina State Univ, NASA, Langley Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Rose, Randy; Scherrer, John] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ruf, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, AOSS Dept, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cruf@umich.edu; scott@encs.concordia.ca; Zorana.Jelenak@noaa.gov; stephen.j.katzberg@nasa.gov; ridley@umich.edu; rrose@swri.org; john.scherrer@swri.org; Valery.Zavorotny@noaa.gov RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011; Ruf, Christopher/I-9463-2012 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-323X BN 978-1-4673-1811-2 J9 AEROSP CONF PROC PY 2013 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BFJ62 UT WOS:000320123902065 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Xu, Q Zhang, PF Nai, K Liu, LP AF Jiang, Yuan Xu, Qin Zhang, Pengfei Nai, Kang Liu, Liping TI Using WSR-88D Polarimetric Data to Identify Bird-Contaminated Doppler Velocities SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; MIGRATING BIRDS; RADAR; INSECTS AB As an important part of Doppler velocity data quality control for radar data assimilation and other quantitative applications, an automated technique is developed to identify and remove contaminated velocities by birds, especially migrating birds. This technique builds upon the existing hydrometeor classification algorithm (HCA) for dual-polarimetric WSR-88D radars developed at the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and it performs two steps. In the first step, the fuzzy-logic method in the HCA is simplified and used to identify biological echoes (mainly from birds and insects). In the second step, another simple fuzzy logic method is developed to detect bird echoes among the biological echoes identified in the first step and thus remove bird-contaminated velocities. The membership functions used by the fuzzy logic method in the second step are extracted from normalized histograms of differential reflectivity and differential phase for birds and insects, respectively, while the normalized histograms are constructed by polarimetric data collected during the 2012 fall migrating season and sorted for bird and insects, respectively. The performance and effectiveness of the technique are demonstrated by real-data examples. C1 [Jiang, Yuan; Liu, Liping] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Yuan] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Yuan; Zhang, Pengfei; Nai, Kang] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xu, Qin; Zhang, Pengfei] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR Grant [N000141010778]; NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227]; China's National Natural Science Foundation [41175038]; National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences [2012CB417202]; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Basic Scientific and Operational Project "Observation and retrieval methods of micro-physics and dynamic parameters of cloud and precipitation with multi-wavelength Remote Sensing" FX The authors are thankful to Bob Rabin at NSSL for kindly providing the GOES-14 infrared images in Figure 7, Terry Schuur at NSSL, and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the representation of the results. The research was supported by the ONR Grant N000141010778 to the University of Oklahoma (OU). Funding was also provided by NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227 U.S. Department of Commerce, by the China's National Natural Science Foundation Grant 41175038, by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences Grant 2012CB417202, and by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Basic Scientific and Operational Project "Observation and retrieval methods of micro-physics and dynamic parameters of cloud and precipitation with multi-wavelength Remote Sensing." NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 769275 DI 10.1155/2013/769275 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 183YF UT WOS:000321852500001 ER PT J AU Liu, YY Xie, L Morrison, JM Kamykowski, D AF Liu, Yanyun Xie, Lian Morrison, John M. Kamykowski, Daniel TI Dynamic Downscaling of the Impact of Climate Change on the Ocean Circulation in the Galapagos Archipelago SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; EL-NINO; VERTICAL COORDINATE; NORTHERN OCEANS; MODEL HYCOM; RECORD; VARIABILITY; ISLANDS AB The regional impact of global climate change on the ocean circulation around the Galapagos Archipelago is studied using the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) configured for a four-level nested domain system. The modeling system is validated and calibrated using daily atmospheric forcing derived from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset from 1951 to 2007. The potential impact of future anthropogenic global warming (AGW) in the Galapagos region is examined using the calibrated HYCOM with forcing derived from the IPCC-AR4 climate model. Results show that although the oceanic variability in the entire Galapagos region is significantly affected by global climate change, the degree of such effects is inhomogeneous across the region. The upwelling region to the west of the Isabella Island shows relatively slower warming trends compared to the eastern Galapagos region. Diagnostic analysis suggests that the variability in the western Galapagos upwelling region is affected mainly by equatorial undercurrent (EUC) and Panama currents, while the central/east Galapagos is predominantly affected by both Peru and EUC currents. The inhomogeneous responses in different regions of the Galapagos Archipelago to future AGW can be explained by the incoherent changes of the various current systems in the Galapagos region as a result of global climate change. C1 [Liu, Yanyun; Xie, Lian; Kamykowski, Daniel] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Liu, Yanyun] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33129 USA. [Liu, Yanyun] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33129 USA. [Morrison, John M.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Phys Oceanog, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Xie, L (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM xie@ncsu.edu RI Liu, Yanyun/A-5785-2011 OI Liu, Yanyun/0000-0002-9754-6370 FU National Aeronautics Space Association (NASA) Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting Grant [NNG04GL98G]; Counterpart US-AID [518-A-00-03-00152-00]; UK Darwin Initiative Project [14-048] FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Bin Liu and two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions, which led to a significant improvement of the paper. They thank Dr. Rainer Bleck and Dr. Alan Wallcraft for the help with the HYCOM model. They thank Dr. Jili Dong for the help with the figures. This project was funded by the National Aeronautics Space Association (NASA) Biodiversity and Ecological Forecasting Grant NNG04GL98G. The Counterpart US-AID no. 518-A-00-03-00152-00 and UK Darwin Initiative Project no. 14-048 also provided funding for this project. The technical support and computer resource from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR/CISL) are also appreciated. The modeling work is carried out in the Coastal Fluid Dynamical Lab of North Carolina State University (NCSU) using the High-Performance Computing (HPC) system at NCSU and the Bluefire supercomputer at NCAR/CISL. NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 27 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2013 AR 837432 DI 10.1155/2013/837432 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 183YH UT WOS:000321852700001 ER PT J AU MacAyeal, DR Sergienko, OV AF MacAyeal, Douglas R. Sergienko, Olga V. TI The flexural dynamics of melting ice shelves SO ANNALS OF GLACIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRACTURE-MECHANICS APPROACH; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; PENETRATION; CREVASSES; GLACIERS; COLLAPSE; DOLINES AB A conspicuous precursor of catastrophic ice-shelf break-up along the Antarctic Peninsula, reported widely in the literature, is the gradual increase in surface melting and consequent proliferation of supraglacial lakes and dolines. Here we present analytical and numerical solutions for the flexure stresses within an ice shelf covered by lakes and dolines, both isolated and arrayed. We conclude that surface water promotes ice-shelf instability in two ways: (1) by water-assisted crevasse penetration, as previously noted, and (2) by the inducement of strong tensile flexure stresses (exceeding background spreading stress by 10-100 times) in response to surface water mass loads and 'hydrostatic rebound' occurring when meltwater lakes drain. C1 [MacAyeal, Douglas R.] Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Sergienko, Olga V.] Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP MacAyeal, DR (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, 5734 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM drm7@uchicago.edu OI MacAyeal, Douglas/0000-0003-0647-6176 FU US National Science Foundation [ANT-0944248, ANT-0838811, ARC-0934534] FX This work is is supported by the US National Science Foundation under grants ANT-0944248, ANT-0838811 and ARC-0934534. We thank Martin O'Leary, Kristopher Darnell and Mac Cathles for valuable discussion. Comments by two anonymous referees and by the scientific editor produced substantial improvements to the scientific quality of the work and to the clarity of the manuscript. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 16 PU INT GLACIOL SOC PI CAMBRIDGE PA LENSFIELD RD, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1ER, ENGLAND SN 0260-3055 J9 ANN GLACIOL JI Ann. Glaciol. PY 2013 VL 54 IS 63 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.3189/2013AoG63A256 PN 1 PG 10 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 181RF UT WOS:000321685500002 ER PT J AU Dorn, HP Apodaca, RL Ball, SM Brauers, T Brown, SS Crowley, JN Dube, WP Fuchs, H Haseler, R Heitmann, U Jones, RL Kiendler-Scharr, A Labazan, I Langridge, JM Meinen, J Mentel, TF Platt, U Pohler, D Rohrer, F Ruth, AA Schlosser, E Schuster, G Shillings, AJL Simpson, WR Thieser, J Tillmann, R Varma, R Venables, DS Wahner, A AF Dorn, H-P Apodaca, R. L. Ball, S. M. Brauers, T. Brown, S. S. Crowley, J. N. Dube, W. P. Fuchs, H. Haeseler, R. Heitmann, U. Jones, R. L. Kiendler-Scharr, A. Labazan, I. Langridge, J. M. Meinen, J. Mentel, T. F. Platt, U. Poehler, D. Rohrer, F. Ruth, A. A. Schlosser, E. Schuster, G. Shillings, A. J. L. Simpson, W. R. Thieser, J. Tillmann, R. Varma, R. Venables, D. S. Wahner, A. TI Intercomparison of NO3 radical detection instruments in the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; DIFFERENTIAL-OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; NITRATE RADICALS; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CROSS-SECTION AB The detection of atmospheric NO3 radicals is still challenging owing to its low mixing ratios (approximate to 1 to 300 pptv) in the troposphere. While long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) has been a well-established NO3 detection approach for over 25 yr, newly sensitive techniques have been developed in the past decade. This publication outlines the results of the first comprehensive intercomparison of seven instruments developed for the spectroscopic detection of tropospheric NO3. Four instruments were based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), two utilised open-path cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS), and one applied "classical" long-path DOAS. The intercomparison campaign "NO3Comp" was held at the atmosphere simulation chamber SAPHIR in Julich (Germany) in June 2007. Twelve experiments were performed in the well-mixed chamber for variable concentrations of NO3, N2O5, NO2, hydrocarbons, and water vapour, in the absence and in the presence of inorganic or organic aerosol. The overall precision of the cavity instruments varied between 0.5 and 5 pptv for integration times of 1 s to 5 min; that of the DOAS instrument was 9 pptv for an acquisition time of 1 min. The NO3 data of all instruments correlated excellently with the NOAA-CRDS instrument, which was selected as the common reference because of its superb sensitivity, high time resolution, and most comprehensive data coverage. The median of the coefficient of determination (r(2)) over all experiments of the campaign (60 correlations) is r(2) = 0.981 (quartile 1 (Q1): 0.949; quartile 3 (Q3): 0.994; min/max: 0.540/0.999). The linear regression analysis of the campaign data set yielded very small intercepts (median: 1.1 pptv; Q1/Q3: -1.1/2.6 pptv; min/max: -14.1/28.0 pptv), and the slopes of the regression lines were close to unity (median: 1.01; Q1/Q3: 0.92/1.10; min/max: 0.72/1.36). The deviation of individual regression slopes from unity was always within the combined accuracies of each instrument pair. The very good correspondence between the NO3 measurements by all instruments for aerosol-free experiments indicates that the losses of NO3 in the inlet of the instruments were determined reliably by the participants for the corresponding conditions. In the presence of inorganic or organic aerosol, however, differences in the measured NO3 mixing ratios were detectable among the instruments. In individual experiments the discrepancies increased with time, pointing to additional NO3 radical losses by aerosol deposited onto the filters or on the inlet walls of the instruments. Instruments using DOAS analyses showed no significant effect of aerosol on the detection of NO3. No hint of a cross interference of NO2 was found. The effect of non-Lambert Beer behaviour of water vapour absorption lines on the accuracy of the NO3 detection by broadband techniques was small and well controlled. The NO3Comp campaign demonstrated the high quality, reliability and robustness of performance of current state-of-the-art instrumentation for NO3 detection. C1 [Dorn, H-P; Brauers, T.; Fuchs, H.; Haeseler, R.; Kiendler-Scharr, A.; Mentel, T. F.; Rohrer, F.; Schlosser, E.; Tillmann, R.; Wahner, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK Troposphere 8, Inst Energy & Climate Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Apodaca, R. L.; Simpson, W. R.] Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Apodaca, R. L.; Simpson, W. R.] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Ball, S. M.] Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Brown, S. S.; Dube, W. P.; Fuchs, H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Crowley, J. N.; Labazan, I.; Schuster, G.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Heitmann, U.; Ruth, A. A.; Varma, R.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Phys, Cork, Ireland. [Heitmann, U.; Ruth, A. A.; Varma, R.; Venables, D. S.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Environm Res Inst, Cork, Ireland. [Jones, R. L.; Langridge, J. M.; Shillings, A. J. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Meinen, J.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Platt, U.; Poehler, D.; Thieser, J.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Environm Phys, Heidelberg, Germany. [Venables, D. S.] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Dept Chem, Cork, Ireland. RP Dorn, HP (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK Troposphere 8, Inst Energy & Climate Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM h.p.dorn@fz-juelich.de RI Fuchs, Hendrik/I-9157-2012; Brauers, Theo/A-8444-2008; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/E-8439-2011; Wahner, Andreas/J-4129-2012; Simpson, William/I-2859-2014; Venables, Dean/C-5546-2013; Dorn, Hans-Peter/B-3054-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Mentel, Thomas/A-3576-2011; Rohrer, Franz/I-2052-2012; Tillmann, Ralf/I-9203-2012; Thieser, Jim/A-9862-2012; OI Fuchs, Hendrik/0000-0003-1263-0061; Brauers, Theo/0000-0001-6671-8566; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid/0000-0003-3166-2253; Wahner, Andreas/0000-0001-8948-1928; Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290; Venables, Dean/0000-0002-4135-1793; Dorn, Hans-Peter/0000-0001-5945-7708; Mentel, Thomas/0000-0003-0810-3541; Rohrer, Franz/0000-0003-3436-3419; Tillmann, Ralf/0000-0003-0648-6622; Jones, Roderic /0000-0002-6761-3966 FU European-Community [GOCE-CT-2004-505337]; FP-6 programme Support for Research Infrastructures: Integrated Infrastructure Initiative: EUROCHAMP [RII3-CT-2004-505968]; National Science Foundation [CHE- 0094038, ATM-0624448]; United States Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER83695]; Irish Environmental Protection Agency [TRACES 2005-ET-MS-28-M3]; Natural Environment Research Council [NER/T/S/2002/00036] FX The authors thank Robert Wegener for measurement of butanal concentrations shown in Fig. 3. The NO3Comp campaign was supported by the European-Community-funded Network of Excellence ACCENT Atmospheric Composition Change: the European Network (Grant GOCE-CT-2004-505337) and the FP-6 programme Support for Research Infrastructures: Integrated Infrastructure Initiative: EUROCHAMP (Grant RII3-CT-2004-505968). Authors associated with the University of Alaska Fairbanks were supported by the National Science Foundation (Grants CHE- 0094038 and ATM-0624448), as well as by the United States Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-03ER83695). The UCC team acknowledges support from the Irish Environmental Protection Agency (Project: TRACES 2005-ET-MS-28-M3). The University of Leicester authors acknowledge support from the Natural Environment Research Council via a PhD studentship for Alex Shillings and a grant (NER/T/S/2002/00036) to develop the BBCRDS instrument. NR 82 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 79 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1111 EP 1140 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1111-2013 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181OU UT WOS:000321679200002 ER PT J AU Nabat, P Somot, S Mallet, M Chiapello, I Morcrette, JJ Solmon, F Szopa, S Dulac, F Collins, W Ghan, S Horowitz, LW Lamarque, JF Lee, YH Naik, V Nagashima, T Shindell, D Skeie, R AF Nabat, P. Somot, S. Mallet, M. Chiapello, I. Morcrette, J. J. Solmon, F. Szopa, S. Dulac, F. Collins, W. Ghan, S. Horowitz, L. W. Lamarque, J. F. Lee, Y. H. Naik, V. Nagashima, T. Shindell, D. Skeie, R. TI A 4-D climatology (1979-2009) of the monthly tropospheric aerosol optical depth distribution over the Mediterranean region from a comparative evaluation and blending of remote sensing and model products SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; SAHARAN DUST; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; AERONET OBSERVATIONS; SYSTEM MODEL; OCEAN; SATELLITE; SIMULATIONS; SEAWIFS AB Since the 1980s several spaceborne sensors have been used to retrieve the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Mediterranean region. In parallel, AOD climatologies coming from different numerical model simulations are now also available, permitting to distinguish the contribution of several aerosol types to the total AOD. In this work, we perform a comparative analysis of this unique multiyear database in terms of total AOD and of its apportionment by the five main aerosol types (soil dust, sea-salt, sulfate, black and organic carbon). We use 9 different satellite-derived monthly AOD products: NOAA/AVHRR, SeaWiFS (2 products), TERRA/MISR, TERRA/MODIS, AQUA/MODIS, ENVISAT/MERIS, PARASOL/POLDER and MSG/SEVIRI, as well as 3 more historical datasets: NIMBUS7/CZCS, TOMS (onboard NIMBUS7 and Earth- Probe) and METEOSAT/MVIRI. Monthly model datasets include the aerosol climatology from Tegen et al. (1997), the climate-chemistry models LMDz-OR-INCA and RegCM-4, the multi-model mean coming from the ACCMIP exercise, and the reanalyses GEMS and MACC. Ground-based Level-2 AERONET AOD observations from 47 stations around the basin are used here to evaluate the model and satellite data. The sensor MODIS (on AQUA and TERRA) has the best average AOD scores over this region, showing a relevant spatio-temporal variability and highlighting high dust loads over Northern Africa and the sea (spring and summer), and sulfate aerosols over continental Europe (summer). The comparison also shows limitations of certain datasets (especially MERIS and SeaWiFS standard products). Models reproduce the main patterns of the AOD variability over the basin. The MACC reanalysis is the closest to AERONET data, but appears to underestimate dust over Northern Africa, where RegCM-4 is found closer to MODIS thanks to its interactive scheme for dust emissions. The vertical dimension is also investigated using the CALIOP instrument. This study confirms differences of vertical distribution between dust aerosols showing a large vertical spread, and other continental and marine aerosols which are confined in the boundary layer. From this compilation, we propose a 4-D blended product from model and satellite data, consisting in monthly time series of 3-D aerosol distribution at a 50 km horizontal resolution over the Euro-Mediterranean marine and continental region for the 2003-2009 period. The product is based on the total AOD from AQUA/MODIS, apportioned into sulfates, black and organic carbon from the MACC reanalysis, and into dust and sea-salt aerosols from RegCM-4 simulations, which are distributed vertically based on CALIOP climatology. We extend the 2003-2009 reconstruction to the past up to 1979 using the 2003-2009 average and applying the decreasing trend in sulfate aerosols from LMDz-OR-INCA, whose AOD trends over Europe and the Mediterranean are median among the ACCMIP models. Finally optical properties of the different aerosol types in this region are proposed from Mie calculations so that this reconstruction can be included in regional climate models for aerosol radiative forcing and aerosol-climate studies. C1 [Nabat, P.; Somot, S.] Meteo France, CNRS CNRM GAME, UMR3589, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. [Mallet, M.] Lab Aerol, UMR 5560, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Chiapello, I.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, UMR 8518, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Morcrette, J. J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, Berks, England. [Solmon, F.] Abdus Salam Int Ctr Theroret Phys, I-34100 Trieste, Italy. [Szopa, S.; Dulac, F.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Collins, W.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Ghan, S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lamarque, J. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D.] NASA, Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Skeie, R.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. RP Nabat, P (reprint author), Meteo France, CNRS CNRM GAME, UMR3589, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, 42 Ave G Coriolis, F-31057 Toulouse 1, France. EM pierre.nabat@meteo.fr RI Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016 OI Somot, Samuel/0000-0002-5066-2921; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672 FU French National Research Agency (ANR) project ADRIMED [ANR-11-BS56-0006]; FP7 European Commission project CLIMRUN [FP7-ENV-2010-265192]; European Commission [SIP4-CT-2004-516099]; MACC [218793]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy FX We would like to thank Meteo-France for the financial support of the first author. This work is part of the Med-CORDEX initiative (www.medcordex.eu) and a contribution to the HyMeX and ChArMEx programmes. This new AOD climatology is indeed available on the ChArMEx database (http://mistrals.sedoo.fr/ChArMEx). This research has received funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) project ADRIMED (contract ANR-11-BS56-0006) and from the FP7 European Commission project CLIMRUN (contract FP7-ENV-2010-265192). MODIS and MERIS data used in this paper were retrieved from the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. MISR and CALIOP data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center, SeaWiFS and CZCS data from the NASA Ocean Biology Processing Group, AVHRR data from the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center and TOMS data from the NASA/GSFC TOMS group. We also thank the ICARE Data and Services Center for providing access to the PARASOL and SEVIRI data used in this study, and Cyril Moulin for providing his historical MVIRI data. We thank the PI investigators of the different AERONET stations and their staff for establishing and maintaining all the sites used in this investigation. GEMS was funded by the European Commission between 2004 and 2009 as part of the 6th Framework Programme under contract number SIP4-CT-2004-516099, and MACC was funded between 2009 and 2011 as part of the 7th Framework Programme, pilot core GMES Atmospheric Service under contract number 218793. We thank all the people taking part in the ACCMIP project, notably other scientists involved in the development of models, namely Toshihiko Takemura and Kengo Sudo for MIROC-CHEM, Stig Dalsoren for CICERO-OsloCTM2, and Greg Faluvegi for GISS-E2-R. The CESM project (which includes NCAR-CAM3.5 and NCAR-CAM5.1) is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 124 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 5 BP 1287 EP 1314 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1287-2013 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 181OU UT WOS:000321679200013 ER PT J AU Rao, XT Cai, JF Yu, JC He, YB Wu, CD Zhou, W Yildirim, T Chen, BL Qian, GD AF Rao, Xingtang Cai, Jianfeng Yu, Jiancan He, Yabing Wu, Chuande Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner Chen, Banglin Qian, Guodong TI A microporous metal-organic framework with both open metal and Lewis basic pyridyl sites for high C2H2 and CH4 storage at room temperature SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGH METHANE UPTAKE; HIGH-CAPACITY; ACETYLENE; ADSORPTION; SEPARATION; HYDROGEN; DESIGN AB A new microporous metal-organic framework, Cu-2(PDDI) (ZJU-5; H4PDDI= 5,5'-(pyridine-2,5-diyl) diisophthalic acid), was solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. With open metal sites, Lewis basic pyridyl sites and suitable pore space, the acetylene uptake in ZJU-5a reaches the highest value of 290 cm(3) g(-1) at 273 K and 1 bar. Furthermore, ZJU-5a exhibits high absolute methane storage of 190 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at 35 bar and 224 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at 60 bar at room temperature. C1 [Rao, Xingtang; Cai, Jianfeng; Yu, Jiancan; Chen, Banglin; Qian, Guodong] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [He, Yabing; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wu, Chuande] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM banglin.chen@utsa.edu; gdqian@zju.edu.cn RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Wu, Chuan-De/B-7546-2013; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; Yu, Jiancan/F-6408-2015 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Yu, Jiancan/0000-0001-9723-6113 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51010002, 51272231, 51229201]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; DOE BES [DE-FG02-08 ER 46522] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 51010002, 51272231 and 51229201), and Grant AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (B.C.). T.Y. acknowledges support from the DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08 ER 46522. NR 32 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 8 U2 110 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2013 VL 49 IS 60 BP 6719 EP 6721 DI 10.1039/c3cc41866a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 175DJ UT WOS:000321209800004 PM 23652368 ER PT J AU Solazzo, E Bianconi, R Pirovano, G Moran, MD Vautard, R Hogrefe, C Appel, KW Matthias, V Grossi, P Bessagnet, B Brandt, J Chemel, C Christensen, JH Forkel, R Francis, XV Hansen, AB McKeen, S Nopmongcol, U Prank, M Sartelet, KN Segers, A Silver, JD Yarwood, G Werhahn, J Zhang, J Rao, ST Galmarini, S AF Solazzo, E. Bianconi, R. Pirovano, G. Moran, M. D. Vautard, R. Hogrefe, C. Appel, K. W. Matthias, V. Grossi, P. Bessagnet, B. Brandt, J. Chemel, C. Christensen, J. H. Forkel, R. Francis, X. V. Hansen, A. B. McKeen, S. Nopmongcol, U. Prank, M. Sartelet, K. N. Segers, A. Silver, J. D. Yarwood, G. Werhahn, J. Zhang, J. Rao, S. T. Galmarini, S. TI Evaluating the capability of regional-scale air quality models to capture the vertical distribution of pollutants SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; NONLOCAL CLOSURE-MODEL; CHEMISTRY TRANSPORT MODELS; MULTISCALE GEM MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; PART II; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; PARTICULATE MATTER; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; DISPERSION MODELS AB This study is conducted in the framework of the Air Quality Modelling Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII) and aims at the operational evaluation of an ensemble of 12 regional-scale chemical transport models used to predict air quality over the North American (NA) and European (EU) continents for 2006. The modelled concentrations of ozone and CO, along with the meteorological fields of wind speed (WS) and direction (WD), temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH), are compared against high-quality in-flight measurements collected by instrumented commercial aircraft as part of the Measurements of OZone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides by Airbus In-service airCraft (MOZAIC) programme. The evaluation is carried out for five model domains positioned around four major airports in NA (Portland, Philadelphia, Atlanta, and Dallas) and one in Europe (Frankfurt), from the surface to 8.5 km. We compare mean vertical profiles of modelled and measured variables for all airports to compute error and variability statistics, perform analysis of altitudinal error correlation, and examine the seasonal error distribution for ozone, including an estimation of the bias introduced by the lateral boundary conditions (BCs). The results indicate that model performance is highly dependent on the variable, location, season, and height (e.g. surface, planetary boundary layer (PBL) or free troposphere) being analysed. While model performance for T is satisfactory at all sites (correlation coefficient in excess of 0.90 and fractional bias a parts per thousand currency sign 0.01 K), WS is not replicated as well within the PBL (exhibiting a positive bias in the first 100 m and also underestimating observed variability), while above 1000 m, the model performance improves (correlation coefficient often above 0.9). The WD at NA airports is found to be biased in the PBL, primarily due to an overestimation of westerly winds. RH is modelled well within the PBL, but in the free troposphere large discrepancies among models are observed, especially in EU. CO mixing ratios show the largest range of modelled-to-observed standard deviations of all the examined species at all heights and for all airports. Correlation coefficients for CO are typically below 0.6 for all sites and heights, and large errors are present at all heights, particularly in the first 250 m. Model performance for ozone in the PBL is generally good, with both bias and error within 20%. Profiles of ozone mixing ratios depend strongly on surface processes, revealed by the sharp gradient in the first 2 km (10 to 20 ppb km(-1)). Modelled ozone in winter is biased low at all locations in the NA, primarily due to an underestimation of ozone from the BCs. Most of the model error in the PBL is due to surface processes (emissions, transport, photochemistry), while errors originating aloft appear to have relatively limited impact on model performance at the surface. Suggestions for future work include interpretation of the model-to-model variability and common sources of model bias, and linking CO and ozone bias to the bias in the meteorological fields. Based on the results from this study, we suggest possible in-depth, process-oriented and diagnostic investigations to be carried out next. C1 [Solazzo, E.; Galmarini, S.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Bianconi, R.; Grossi, P.] Enviroware Srl, Concorezzo, MB, Italy. [Pirovano, G.] Ric Sistema Energet RSE SpA, Milan, Italy. [Moran, M. D.; Zhang, J.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Vautard, R.] IPSL Lab CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climate & Environm, F-91191 Orme Des Merisier, Gif Yvette, France. [Hogrefe, C.; Appel, K. W.; Rao, S. T.] US EPA, Atmospher Modelling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Matthias, V.] Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, Geesthacht, Germany. [Brandt, J.; Christensen, J. H.; Hansen, A. B.; Silver, J. D.] Aarhus Univ, Dept Environm Sci, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Bessagnet, B.] Natl Inst Ind Environm & Risks, NERIS, Verneuilen Halatte, France. [Sartelet, K. N.] Univ Paris Est, CEREA, Joint Lab, Ecole Ponts ParisTech EDF R&D, Paris, France. [Prank, M.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Chemel, C.] Univ Hertfordshire, NCAS, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Chemel, C.; Francis, X. V.] Univ Hertfordshire, CAIR, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Nopmongcol, U.; Yarwood, G.] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA 94998 USA. [Segers, A.] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Forkel, R.; Werhahn, J.] IMK IFU, Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [McKeen, S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McKeen, S.] NOAA, ESRL, CSD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Galmarini, S (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM stefano.galmarini@jrc.ec.europa.eu RI Brandt, Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Bessagnet, Bertrand/O-2969-2016; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; Sartelet, Karine/A-6430-2011; OI Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Bessagnet, Bertrand/0000-0003-2062-4681; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; Silver, Jeremy David/0000-0003-1502-6249 FU Coordinating Research Council Atmospheric Impacts Committee [A-75]; Electric Power Research Institute; Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under RSE SpA; Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under Italian Ministry of Economic Development FX The MOZAIC Data Centre and its contributing airlines provided North American and European aircraft take-off and landing vertical profiles and are kindly acknowledged. The WMO World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Centre (WOUDC) and its data contributing agencies provided North American and European ozonesonde profiles. G. Yarwood and U. Nopmongcol acknowledge financial support from the Coordinating Research Council Atmospheric Impacts Committee (Project A-75) and the Electric Power Research Institute. The contribution of RSE SpA to this work has been partially financed by the Research Fund for the Italian Electrical System under the Contract Agreement between RSE SpA and the Italian Ministry of Economic Development (Decree of 19 March 2009). NR 95 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 791 EP 818 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-791-2013 PG 28 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 174EU UT WOS:000321137700010 ER PT J AU Wan, H Rasch, PJ Zhang, K Kazil, J Leung, LR AF Wan, H. Rasch, P. J. Zhang, K. Kazil, J. Leung, L. R. TI Numerical issues associated with compensating and competing processes in climate models: an example from ECHAM-HAM SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; NONLINEAR VERTICAL DIFFUSION; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SULFURIC-ACID; SINGLE-COLUMN; AEROSOL; SENSITIVITY; IMPLEMENTATION; REPRESENTATION AB The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the need for appropriate numerical techniques to represent process interactions in climate models. In two versions of the ECHAM-HAM model, different time integration methods are used to solve the sulfuric acid (H2SO4) gas evolution equation, which lead to substantially different results in the H2SO4 gas concentration and the aerosol nucleation rate. Using convergence tests and sensitivity simulations performed with various time stepping schemes, it is confirmed that numerical errors in the second model version are significantly smaller than those in version one. The use of sequential operator splitting in combination with a long time step is identified as the main reason for the large systematic biases in the old model. The remaining errors of nucleation rate in version two, related to the competition between condensation and nucleation, have a clear impact on the simulated concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the lower troposphere. These errors can be significantly reduced by employing solvers that handle production, condensation and nucleation at the same time. Lessons learned in this work underline the need for more caution when treating multi-timescale problems involving compensating and competing processes, a common occurrence in current climate models. C1 [Wan, H.; Rasch, P. J.; Zhang, K.; Leung, L. R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Kazil, J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kazil, J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wan, H (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM hui.wan@pnnl.gov RI Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Wan, Hui/J-4701-2013; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; FU Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); US Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC05-76RL01830]; DOE Office of Science as part of the Earth System Modeling Program (Aerosol Clouds and Precipitation Science Focus Area); Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) project on Multiscale Methods for Accurate, Efficient, and Scale-Aware Models of the Earth System FX The authors thank Harri Kokkola (FMI), Xiaohong Liu (PNNL), Dick Easter (PNNL), Peter Caldwell (LLNL), Declan O'Donnell (FMI), Philip Stier (Oxford University) and Stefan Kinne (MPI-M) for valuable discussions. We also thank Luca Bonaventura and an anonymous reviewer, whose comments helped to improve the paper. H. Wan is grateful for the support of the Linus Pauling Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), a multiprogram laboratory operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. The study described in this paper was conducted under the PNNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. P. J. Rasch was supported by the DOE Office of Science as part of the Earth System Modeling Program (the Aerosol Clouds and Precipitation Science Focus Area), and the Scientific Discovery Through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) project on Multiscale Methods for Accurate, Efficient, and Scale-Aware Models of the Earth System. The ECHAM-HAM simulations presented in this paper were performed at the German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum, DKRZ). NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 861 EP 874 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-861-2013 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 174EU UT WOS:000321137700014 ER PT J AU Erickson, RA Jimenez, R AF Erickson, Richard A. Jimenez, Ralph TI Microfluidic cytometer for high-throughput measurement of photosynthetic characteristics and lipid accumulation in individual algal cells SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; PHOTOSYSTEM-II; NILE RED; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NUTRIENT STRESS; FLOW CYTOMETER; QUANTUM YIELD; RAPID METHOD; MICROALGAE; INDUCTION AB Commercially viable algal biofuel production requires discovery of new strains, genetic engineering for higher productivity and optimization of growth conditions. To accelerate research in these areas, we developed a microfluidic cytometer that measures forward light scatter, chlorophyll fluorescence induction and lipophilic stain fluorescence at a rate of 100 cells s(-1). The chlorophyll fluorescence data is processed in real-time to measure the fluorescence-based maximum quantum yield, reported as F-v/F-m, to quantify the photochemical energy conversion of each cell. To demonstrate instrument performance, F-v/F-m measurements are obtained for unstressed (nutrient-replete) and stressed (nutrient-limited) cultures of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and are correlated to values obtained in bulk samples using traditional pulse-amplitude-modulating fluorometry. We then use the cytometer to characterize unstressed and stressed P. tricornutum and show that lipid content (as measured by Nile Red fluorescence) is inversely correlated with F-v/F-m. We believe these findings to be the first time that both photosynthetic efficiency and lipid accumulation have been simultaneously evaluated at the single cell level, and that in doing so, the diversity within these populations was revealed. C1 [Erickson, Richard A.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Erickson, Richard A.; Jimenez, Ralph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Erickson, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ericksor@jila.colorado.edu; rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu FU Colorado Center for Biorefining and Biofuels (C2B2); NSF/EAGER [IOS 1044552] FX We acknowledge many helpful discussions with Barbara Demmig-Adams, William Adams, Matthew Posewitz, and Terry Brown. This work was supported in part by funding from the Colorado Center for Biorefining and Biofuels (C2B2) and NSF/EAGER (IOS 1044552). RJ is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of NIST. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 54 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2013 VL 13 IS 15 BP 2893 EP 2901 DI 10.1039/c3lc41429a PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 175GX UT WOS:000321220000006 PM 23681282 ER PT J AU Coates, JH Hovel, KA Butler, JL Klimley, AP Morgan, SG AF Coates, Julia H. Hovel, Kevin A. Butler, John L. Klimley, A. Peter Morgan, Steven G. TI Movement and home range of pink abalone Haliotis corrugata: implications for restoration and population recovery SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Movement; Restoration; Homing; Broadcast spawning; Allee effect; Translocation ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; BLACKLIP ABALONE; RED ABALONES; FERTILIZATION; LAEVIGATA; RUFESCENS; AGGREGATION; MANAGEMENT; BEHAVIOR; BIOLOGY AB Densities of abalone in southern California have been dramatically reduced by over-fishing and disease, leading to the collapse of some populations, and low fertilization rates may be hindering population recovery. This is a pattern typical of abalone species globally. However, movement may produce clustered distributions that promote fertilization success in broadcast spawners, such as abalone, even at low regional densities. We translocated wild, adult pink abalone Haliotis corrugata to an existing pink abalone patch to create a high-density aggregation, and then used acoustic telemetry to characterize abalone movement and monitor aggregation maintenance for a period of 14 mo in the Point Loma kelp forest near San Diego, California. Abalone showed a minimal flight response to handling that did not differ between the resident or translocated groups. Most individuals exhibited small home ranges (median area 183 m(2)) and homing behavior consisting of regular back-and-forth movement to a single point. Nomadic movement was also observed in several individuals. Though site fidelity may help maintain aggregations, abalone density decreased, and nearest neighbor distances increased at our site to near-initial levels after 18 mo via a combination of mortality, large movements of a few individuals, and small, incremental movements of most individuals. No coordinated movements that would suggest spawning behavior were observed. Translocation of wild abalone to produce aggregations may not result in high rates of fertilization success that promote population recovery. However, the homing behavior observed may provide more opportunities for mating than expectations based on static measures of density and aggregation state. C1 [Coates, Julia H.; Hovel, Kevin A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Butler, John L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Klimley, A. Peter; Morgan, Steven G.] Univ Calif Davis, Grad Grp Ecol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Coates, JH (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM juliahcoates@gmail.com FU NOAA Species of Concern Program; San Diego State University; University of California Davis FX We thank Dr. C. Catton for sharing her expertise and support in the field. Dr. L. Rogers-Bennett provided support in development of the tagging method. Volunteer SCUBA support was provided by R. Jenkinson, C. Lennert, S. Mao, and A. Warneke. Thanks to the Biotelemetry Laboratory at UC Davis for lending VRAP equipment and training. This study was funded by the NOAA Species of Concern Program and the Joint Doctoral Program in Ecology at San Diego State University and University of California Davis. This is contribution number 30 from the San Diego State University Coastal & Marine Institute. NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 38 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 486 BP 189 EP 201 DI 10.3354/meps10365 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 182WX UT WOS:000321776600016 ER PT J AU Muhling, BA Reglero, P Ciannelli, L Alvarez-Berastegui, D Alemany, F Lamkin, JT Roffer, MA AF Muhling, Barbara A. Reglero, Patricia Ciannelli, Lorenzo Alvarez-Berastegui, Diego Alemany, Francisco Lamkin, John T. Roffer, Mitchell A. TI Comparison between environmental characteristics of larval bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus habitat in the Gulf of Mexico and western Mediterranean Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Bluefin tuna; Spawning; Mediterranean Sea; Gulf of Mexico ID ARTIFICIAL NEURAL-NETWORKS; SPAWNING GROUNDS; PRINCIPAL-COMPONENTS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; THERMAL BIOLOGY; DIVING BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ARCHIVAL TAGS; CENTRAL CHILE; MARINE FISH AB Despite being well adapted for feeding in cold water on their North Atlantic feeding grounds, Atlantic bluefin tuna undertake long migrations to reach warm, low productivity spawning grounds in the Gulf of Mexico and Mediterranean Sea. Environmental conditions within spawning areas have been presumed to benefit larval survival, through appropriate feeding conditions, and enhanced larval retention and growth rates. However, field collections and studies to explore the potential mechanisms are rare. In this study, a comparison of the environmental characteristics of both spawning sites was completed using standardized environmental data and modeling methods. Predictive models of larval occurrence were constructed using historical larval collections, and environmental variables from both in situ and remotely sensed sources. Results showed that larvae on both spawning grounds were most likely to be found in warm (23 to 28 degrees C), low chlorophyll areas with moderate current velocities and favorable regional retention conditions. In the Gulf of Mexico, larvae were located in offshore waters outside of the Loop Current and warm eddies, while in the western Mediterranean, larval occurrences were associated with the confluence of inflowing Atlantic waters and saltier resident surface waters. Although our results suggested common themes within preferred spawning grounds on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, the ecological processes governing larval survival and eventual recruitment are yet to be fully understood. C1 [Muhling, Barbara A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Reglero, Patricia; Alemany, Francisco] Ctr Ocean Balears, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Palma De Mallorca 07015, Spain. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Alvarez-Berastegui, Diego] Balear Isl Coastal Observing & Forecasting Syst, Palma De Mallorca 07121, Spain. [Lamkin, John T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Roffer, Mitchell A.] Roffers Ocean Fishing Forecasting Serv Inc, West Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. RP Muhling, BA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM barbara.muhling@noaa.gov RI Reglero, Patricia/L-9031-2014; OI Alemany, F. (Francisco)/0000-0001-6265-5545 FU BALEARES project [CTM 2009-07944 MAR]; ATAME [2011-29525-004-02]; TUNIBAL project [REN 2003-01176]; NSF-CMG grant [0934961]; ICTS-SOCIB (focus research program bluefin tuna) FX In the Balearic Islands, initial work was funded by the BALEARES project (CTM 2009-07944 MAR) and ATAME, 2011-29525-004-02, with base data provided by the TUNIBAL project (REN 2003-01176), which were competitive projects of the Spanish Government I+D+I (Research + Development + Innovation) National Plan. We also express our gratitude to the crew of the RV 'Vizconde de Eza' (2001 to 2002) and RV 'Cornide de Saavedra' (2003 to 2005), and to all the scientific staff that participated in surveys and carried out lab analysis, especially D. Cortes, T. Ramirez, M. Fernandez de Puelles, J. Jansa, P. Velez-Belchi, J. M. Rodriguez and C. Gonzalez Pola. Special thanks are also extended to A. Garcia and J. L. Lopez Jurado, for their crucial role in the development of the TUNIBAL project. The authors also thank staff at the Sea Fisheries Institute Plankton Sorting and Identification Center, Gdynia and Szczecin, Poland, including M. Konieczna and L. Ejsymont, for processing of plankton samples from the Gulf of Mexico. We also extend our gratitude to all the captains and crew of all the NOAA ships who collected data on SEAMAP plankton cruises. Staff at the Early Life History laboratory of NOAA in Miami are thanked for collaboration, advice and data processing, in particular W. J. Richards. J. Roberts and the Marine Geospatial Ecology Toolbox at Duke University were immensely helpful for processing remotely sensed environmental data. L. C. acknowledges further support from NSF-CMG grant 0934961. B. M. acknowledges the NASA Climate and Biological Response: Research and Applications program. D. A. was supported by the ICTS-SOCIB (focus research program bluefin tuna). NR 77 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 486 BP 257 EP 276 DI 10.3354/meps10397 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 182WX UT WOS:000321776600022 ER PT J AU DeMartini, EE Wren, JLK Kobayashi, DR AF DeMartini, Edward E. Wren, Johanna L. K. Kobayashi, Donald R. TI Persistent spatial patterns of recruitment in a guild of Hawaiian coral reef fishes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Planktonic dispersal; Larval transport; Pre- vs. post-settlement processes; Paracirrhites arcatus; Cirrhitidae; Headland; Currents; Hawaii Island ID ARCATUS PISCES CIRRHITIDAE; LARVAL ACCUMULATION; MARINE POPULATIONS; SELF-RECRUITMENT; UPWELLING REGION; DEMERSAL FISHES; SMALL HEADLAND; RETENTION; MECHANISMS; TRANSPORT AB We herein describe a long-term (22 consecutive yr, 1990 to 2011) time series of recruitment surveys for a guild of coral-sheltering fishes at 7 to 12 sites along a 26 km section of the west coast of Hawaii Island. For arc-eye hawkfish, the numerically dominant species, recruitment (defined as the contribution of young-of-year to the benthic population within several months after settlement from the water column) varied 7-fold among years averaged over sites. Nonetheless, recruitment also differed spatially, with sites along the Kohala Peninsula comprising a high recruitment group. Spatial differences were persistent (some sites predictably low, others predictably high) and generally lacked demonstrable variation over time. Complementary em pirical data suggested that post-settlement processes (predation, interspecific competition) also affected recruitment. A dispersal model combined with currents from an oceanic circulation model (Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model, HYCOM) was used to simulate the spatial patterns of settlement by larvae released throughout the main Hawaiian Islands. These simulations generally agreed with observed spatial patterns of recruitment. Greater recruitment was also predicted near geomorphological features (headlands) on Hawaii Island most influenced by the flow of surface eddy currents generated by prevailing E-NE trade winds. Empirical data and simulations together suggest that the headlands of west Hawaii Island likely enhance recruitment by intercepting or concentrating larvae at greater rates, but that post-settlement processes dampen variations in settlement. We suggest that habitat geomorphology should be considered in the criteria used to select sites for no-take Marine Protected Areas at Hawaii Island. C1 [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hawaii Res Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Wren, Johanna L. K.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kobayashi, Donald R.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP DeMartini, EE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hawaii Res Ctr, 99-193 Aiea Hts Dr,Suite 417, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. EM edward.demartini@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program; Kona Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program of the NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center; HIMB-NWHI partnership [MOA-2009-039/7932] FX Financial support of E.E.D. during 2006 to 2009 was provided by the NOAA Fisheries, Office of Habitat Conservation, Coral Reef Conservation Program. Funds for E.E.D. in 2010 and 2011 and for J.L.K.W. in 2012 were provided by the Kona Integrated Ecosystem Assessment Program of the NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center. Additional support for J.L.K.W. was provided by the HIMB-NWHI partnership (MOA-2009-039/7932). J. Leung DeMartini provided invaluable field assistance throughout the study. We also thank A. Andrews, E. Howell, R. Humphreys, R. Toonen, J. Whitney, and several anonymous reviewers for constructive criticisms that improved drafts of the manuscript, and D. Yamaguchi for help with Fig. 1. This is SOEST contribution number 8881. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 485 BP 165 EP U200 DI 10.3354/meps10306 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 172MO UT WOS:000321008200013 ER PT J AU Gao, J Munch, SB AF Gao, Jin Munch, Stephan B. TI Genetic and maternal variation in early growth in the Atlantic silverside Menidia menidia SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Heritability; Maternal effect; Growth rate; Life history; Evolution; Recruitment; Juvenile growth; Body size ID FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE FISH; INTRINSIC GROWTH; REEF FISH; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; JUVENILE GROWTH; LARVAL FISH; TRADE-OFFS AB In the early life histories of many fish species, larger individuals have lower mortality rates and, as a consequence, growth is thought to be a primary determinant of recruitment. Although much is known about environmental influences on growth in the early life history, far less is known about genetic and maternal contributions. As the relative contributions of maternal, genetic, and environmental effects determine how populations respond to selective harvest, evaluating their magnitudes is an important step in constructing evolutionarily sustainable harvest strategies. Using Atlantic silversides Menidia menidia as a model organism, we conducted a full-factorial breeding study to measure maternal and genetic contributions to size at age through the first 2 wk of life. A total of 418 full- and half-sib families were raised in a common environment, and body lengths were recorded at 1, 5, 10, and 15 d post-hatch. Maximum likelihood was used to estimate the genetic and maternal variance components. Heritability for size at age was between 0.10 and 0.25, and increased with age. At hatch, non-genetic maternal contributions were similar to 7 times greater than the genetic contributions to size, but decreased with age. These significant genetic and maternal contributions to size at age indicate substantial potential to respond to selection, with subsequent population dynamic consequences. C1 [Gao, Jin] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Gao, J (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM jingao@life.bio.sunysb.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0623322] FX The authors thank William Chamberlain, Kestrel Perez, Charles Perretti, Santiago Salinas, Mark Sokolowski, and Stephen Sabatino for assistance with fish breeding and care. David Conover and 3 anonymous reviewers provided comments that substantially improved this manuscript. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number OCE-0623322 to SBM. NR 99 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 485 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.3354/meps10333 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 172MO UT WOS:000321008200016 ER PT J AU Zador, S Hunt, GL TenBrink, T Aydin, K AF Zador, Stephani Hunt, George L., Jr. TenBrink, Todd Aydin, Kerim TI Combined seabird indices show lagged relationships between environmental conditions and breeding activity SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Eastern Bering Sea; Pribilof Islands; Principal components analysis; Ecosystem indicators; Common murre; Thick-billed murre; Black-legged kittiwake; Red-legged kittiwake ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; NORTH-ATLANTIC SEABIRDS; PINK SALMON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Ecosystem managers and policy-makers need ecological indicators that have a sound scientific basis and that can inform them about the ecological state of the marine environment. In this study, we integrate existing data on seabird reproductive performance into 2 simplified indices in the eastern Bering Sea and use these indices to test hypotheses concerning the effects of environmental conditions on this suite of predators. We used principal components analysis to integrate 17 data sets on the reproductive effort of common murres Uria aalge, thick-billed murres U. lomvia, black-legged kittiwakes Rissa tridactyla, red-legged kittiwakes R. brevirostris, and red-faced cormorants Phalacrocorax urile. Two strong patterns were evident in the leading principal components (PC). In general, PC1 represented the hatch timing and reproductive success of diving foragers; PC2 represented kittiwake reproductive success trends. Together, PC1 and PC2 accounted for 65.2% of the variability in the seabird reproductive performance data. Time series analysis of these indices against selected environmental variables showed significant, but in most cases, lagged relationships. Warmer bottom and surface temperatures, greater wind mixing, and higher stratification correlated with delayed and lower productivity for most seabirds up to 2 yr later. Later ice retreat was correlated with lower kittiwake productivity 2 yr later, whereas higher local abundances of age-1 walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma were linked to higher kittiwake productivity the following year. Since the observable impacts of environmental forcing on seabirds may be delayed, oceanographic and prey variables may serve as leading indicators of seabird breeding activity in the eastern Bering Sea. C1 [Zador, Stephani; TenBrink, Todd; Aydin, Kerim] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zador, S (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stephani.zador@noaa.gov OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 FU Fisheries and the Environment program at NOAA [10-01]; NSF [ARC-0908262, 1107250] FX We thank H. Renner and the many field biologists of the USFWS who collected the seabird data. Three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments. This manuscript was developed from Project 10-01 of the Fisheries and the Environment program at NOAA, which provided funding to S.G.Z. and T.T.G.L.H. was supported by NSF grants ARC-0908262 and 1107250. Mooring 2 data were provided by the EcoFOCI Program of NOAA/PMEL. Wind mixing data downloaded from NOAA's Bering Climate website: www.beringclimate.noaa.gov/ NR 80 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 485 BP 245 EP 258 DI 10.3354/meps10336 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 172MO UT WOS:000321008200019 ER PT J AU Rubinson, KA Pokalsky, C Krueger, S Prochaska, LJ AF Rubinson, Kenneth A. Pokalsky, Christine Krueger, Susan Prochaska, Lawrence J. TI Structure Determination of Functional Membrane Proteins using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) with Small, Mixed-Lipid Liposomes: Native Beef Heart Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Forms Dimers SO PROTEIN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Membrane protein structure; SANS; Cytochrome c oxidase; Liposome ID PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; RESPIRATORY CONTROL; TRITON X-100; PROTEOLIPOSOMES; CHAIN; PHOSPHORYLATION; DIMERIZATION; INHIBITION; REDUCTION; HYDRATION AB The low-resolution three-dimensional structure of purified native beef heart mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in asolectin unilamellar liposomes has been measured by small-angle neutron scattering under the conditions where the protein remains fully functional. From a neutron scattering perspective, the use of mixed-lipid liposomes provided for a more homogeneous matrix than can be achieved using a single lipid. As a result, the measurements were able to be performed under conditions where the liposome scattering was essentially eliminated (contrast-matched conditions). The protein structure in the membrane was modeled as a simple parallelepiped with side lengths of (59 x 70 x 120) angstrom with uncertainties, respectively, (11, 12, 20 angstrom). The molecular mass calculated for a typical protein with this volume is estimated to be (410 +/- 124) kDa, which indicates the mass of a COX dimer. The longest dimension has some uncertainty due to intermolecular scattering contributing to the data. Nevertheless, that length was estimated using an average protein density and the known dimer molecular mass. Using the same cross sectional dimensions for the structure, the length is estimated to be 120 angstrom. However, the measured scattering curve of the dimer in the liposome differs significantly from that calculated from the X-ray structure of the dimer in a crystal of mixed micelles (PDB 3AG1). The calculated SANS scattering from the crystal structure was fit with a parallelepiped, measuring (59 x 101 x 129) angstrom with fitting uncertainties, respectively, (2, 3, 3 angstrom). Our results suggest that COX is a functional dimer when reconstituted into mixed-lipid liposomes. C1 [Rubinson, Kenneth A.; Krueger, Susan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.; Pokalsky, Christine; Prochaska, Lawrence J.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Rubinson, KA (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rubinson@wright.edu; christine.pokalsky@wright.edu; Susan.Krueger@nist.gov; lawrence.prochaska@wright.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine; Emily Webb Foundation; American Heart Association, Ohio Affiliate FX Small-angle neutron scattering experiments were performed on the NG3 and NG7 30 m SANS instruments at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. This equipment was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672. Funding at Wright State was provided by the Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, the Emily Webb Foundation, and the American Heart Association, Ohio Affiliate. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1572-3887 J9 PROTEIN J JI Protein J. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.1007/s10930-012-9455-0 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 180UM UT WOS:000321624200004 PM 23143018 ER PT S AU Liang, XM Ignatov, A Saha, K AF Liang, XingMing Ignatov, Alexander Saha, Korak BE Cahalan, RF Fischer, J TI Monitoring AVHRR-MODIS-VIIRS Radiometric Consistency Using MICROS Online Near-real Time System SO RADIATION PROCESSES IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN (IRS2012) SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radiation Symposium on Radiation Processes in the Atmosphere and Ocean (IRS) CY AUG 06-10, 2012 CL Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, GERMANY SP Karlsruhe Inst Technol (KIT), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res (IFT), German Aerosp Ctr (DLR), European Space Agcy (ESA), German Weather Serv (DWD), European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites (EUMETSAT), IAMAS, IRC HO Free Univ Berlin DE MICROS; Double Differences; Cross-platform consistency; M-O bias; AVHRR; MODIS; VIIRS AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar Partnership (S-NPP) and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) builds upon heritage sensors, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The evaluation of AVHRR, MODIS and VIIRS radiometric stability and consistency is needed to ensure continuity of derived data products, including Sea Surface Temperatures (SST). Monitoring of IR Clear-Sky Radiances over Oceans for SST (MICROS; www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/micros) near-real time web-based system was developed at NESDIS, to monitor model minus observation (M-O) biases in clear-sky ocean brightness temperatures (BT). Double differences (DD) were also employed to evaluate various sensors for consistency. Initially implemented in July 2008 with data from several AVHRRs onboard NOAA-16, -17, -18, -19 and Metop-A, it was extended in January 2012 to include AVHRR-like bands 3.7, 11, and 12 mu m from Terra and Aqua MODIS, and S-NPP VIIRS. This paper discusses initial results of AVHRR-MODIS-VIIRS cross-platform consistency using MICROS DDs. Work is underway to understand and minimize the observed differences, through collaboration with Sensor Calibration and Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) Teams. C1 [Liang, XingMing; Ignatov, Alexander; Saha, Korak] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Liang, XM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Saha, Korak/B-9174-2011; Liang, Xingming/H-7368-2014; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Saha, Korak/0000-0002-8433-6294; Liang, Xingming/0000-0001-5641-0509; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1155-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1531 BP 228 EP 231 DI 10.1063/1.4804748 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics, Applied SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Physics GA BFO62 UT WOS:000320763100054 ER PT S AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Quinn, TP White, GS AF Johnson, W. L. Kim, S. A. Quinn, T. P. White, G. S. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI NONLINEAR ACOUSTIC EFFECTS IN MULTILAYER CERAMIC CAPACITORS SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Barium Titanate; Ferroelectric Ceramics; Microcracks; Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors; Nonlinear Acoustics; Resonant Acoustics; Thermal Stress ID QUALITY INSPECTION TOOL AB Nonlinear resonant acoustics was explored as an approach for nondestructively evaluating the susceptibility of BaTiO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors to electrical failure during service. The acoustic nonlinearity was characterized through measurements of the dependence of the frequency of a selected dominant mode near 1.16 MHz on driving amplitude, employing direct ferroelectric tone-burst transduction, time-domain signal acquisition, and frequency-domain spectral analysis. Finite-element modeling and consideration of the symmetry of the excitation led to identification of the selected mode as the lowest-order extensional mode. Measurements as a function of the number of thermal treatments (of two types) provided evidence for increases in acoustic nonlinearity arising from thermal-stress-induced material damage. No evidence for further systematic changes in nonlinearity was found after nine heat treatments. Signals and analysis for some samples were complicated by the emergence of a second resonance in the waveforms and an apparent reduction in acoustic nonlinearity as a function of time under DC bias. The second of these effects is suggested as being associated with changes in nonlinear elements of the material (presumably, microcracks) that arise from interactions of internal stresses during domain reorientation. C1 [Johnson, W. L.; Kim, S. A.; Quinn, T. P.; White, G. S.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wjohnson@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1462 EP 1469 DI 10.1063/1.4789214 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600188 ER PT S AU Fong, JT Guthrie, WF Filliben, JJ Heckert, NA AF Fong, J. T. Guthrie, W. F. Filliben, J. J. Heckert, N. A. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI A BAYESIAN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION (QNDE) APPROACH TO ESTIMATING REMAINING LIFE OF AGING PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 32A AND 32B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE) CY JUL 15-20, 2012 CL Denver, CO SP QNDE Programs, AF Res Lab, Army Res Lab, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing (ASNT), Dept Energy, AMES Lab, Fed Aviat Adm (FAA), Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm (NASA), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Ind/Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Computational methods in continuum mechanics; 46.15.-x; cracks detection; 81.70.-q; eddy-current testing; 81.70.Ex; failure materials; 81.40.Np; fatigue structural failure of materials; 62.20.me; materials testing and analysis; 81.70.-q; mechanical properties of solids; 62.20.-x; mechanical testing; 81.70.Bt; metals and alloys; 81.05.Bx; Monte Carlo methods in probability theory and statistics; 02.50.Ng; nondestructive testing of materials; 81.70.-q; nuclear reactor safety; 28.41.Te; statistics; 02.50.-r; ultrasonic testing; *43.35.Zc; 81.70.Cv ID PROPAGATION AB In this paper, we use a Bayesian quantitative nondestructive evaluation (QNDE) approach to estimating the remaining life of aging structures and components. Our approach depends on in-situ NDE measurements of detectable crack lengths and crack growth rates in a multi-crack region of an aging component as a basis for estimating the mean and standard deviation of its remaining life. We introduce a general theory of crack growth involving multiple cracks such that the mean and standard deviation of the initial crack lengths can be directly estimated from NDE-measured crack length data over a period of several inspection intervals. A numerical example using synthetic NDE data for high strength steels is presented to illustrate this new methodology. C1 [Fong, J. T.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guthrie, W. F.; Filliben, J. J.; Heckert, N. A.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fong, JT (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fong@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1129-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1511 BP 1717 EP 1724 DI 10.1063/1.4789248 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BFM02 UT WOS:000320452600222 ER PT J AU Wang, N AF Wang, Ning TI AN EFFICIENT SEARCH ALGORITHM FOR MINIMUM COVERING POLYGONS ON THE SPHERE SO SIAM JOURNAL ON SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE minimum covering spherical polygon; nearest neighbor search; modified kd-tree; unstructured grid ID MODEL; 2-SPHERE; GRIDS AB One of the computationally intensive tasks in the numerical simulation of dynamic systems discretized on an unstructured grid over the sphere is to find a number of spherical minimum covering polygons of given locations, whose vertices are chosen from the grid points. Algorithms have been proposed attempting to perform this task efficiently. However, these algorithms only reduce the linear search time for each polygon vertex candidate by a constant factor, and their polygon search algorithms are mostly heuristic and tailored for specific classes of grids. With the increase in grid resolution, the number of unstructured grid types, and dynamic generation of variable resolution grids, these algorithms are no longer suitable for the computational task. It is necessary to develop a more general, efficient, and robust search algorithm. We propose an algorithm, built on a modified kd-tree algorithm, to search for minimum covering polygons of given locations from a set of grid points on the sphere. After an O(n log n) time initialization to construct the kd-tree from n grid points, the proposed algorithm takes an O(log n) expected time to find the minimum covering polygon for a given location on the sphere (or the same expected asymptotic time with a smaller constant to obtain an approximate solution). We present the modified kd-tree algorithm, showing its applicability to the search problem. We present the search algorithm for the spherical minimum covering polygon and an analysis of the algorithm's computational complexity. To demonstrate the computational efficiency of the proposed search algorithm, we apply it to the data sets of randomly generated data points on the sphere from various distributions and to the data sets of two types of spherical grids, icosahedral grid and Gaussian grid, which are widely used in the numerical simulation on spherical bodies. C1 [Wang, Ning] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Ning] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, N (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ning.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Ning/C-6841-2015 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1064-8275 J9 SIAM J SCI COMPUT JI SIAM J. Sci. Comput. PY 2013 VL 35 IS 3 BP A1669 EP A1688 DI 10.1137/120880331 PG 20 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 172YX UT WOS:000321044800020 ER PT S AU Allison, TK Cingoz, A Benko, C Yost, DC Ruehl, A Fermann, M Hartl, I Ye, J AF Allison, T. K. Cingoez, A. Benko, C. Yost, D. C. Ruehl, A. Fermann, M. Hartl, I. Ye, J. BE Chergui, M Taylor, A Cundiff, S DeVivieRiedle, R Yamagouchi, K TI High Brightness XUV Frequency Combs via Intracavity High Harmonic Generation SO XVIIITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 08-13, 2012 CL Ecole Polytechnique Fed Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND HO Ecole Polytechnique Fed Lausanne (EPFL) ID EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report the generation of high power extreme ultraviolet frequency combs at 154 MHz repetition rate. The XUV combs are characterized by conducting high resolution spectroscopy and observing the heterodyne beats between two independent systems. C1 [Allison, T. K.; Cingoez, A.; Benko, C.; Yost, D. C.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ruehl, A.; Fermann, M.; Hartl, I.] IMRA Amer Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Allison, TK (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-0956-1 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2013 VL 41 AR UNSP 11006 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20134111006 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BFM57 UT WOS:000320558600264 ER PT S AU Ferdous, F Miao, H Leaird, DE Srinivasan, K Chen, L Aksyuk, V Weiner, AM AF Ferdous, F. Miao, H. Leaird, D. E. Srinivasan, K. Chen, L. Aksyuk, V. Weiner, A. M. BE Chergui, M Taylor, A Cundiff, S DeVivieRiedle, R Yamagouchi, K TI Pulse shaping of on-chip microresonator frequency combs: investigation of temporal coherence SO XVIIITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 08-13, 2012 CL Ecole Polytechnique Fed Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND HO Ecole Polytechnique Fed Lausanne (EPFL) ID GENERATION AB We use pulse shaping to investigate the temporal coherence of frequency combs generated in microresonators pumped by a strong CW laser. We observe that different groups of comb lines have different mutual coherence. C1 [Ferdous, F.; Leaird, D. E.; Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Miao, H.; Srinivasan, K.; Chen, L.; Aksyuk, V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Miao, H.] Univ Maryland, Nano Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Weiner, A. M.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ferdous, F (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, 465 Northwestern Ave, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. OI Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-0956-1 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2013 VL 41 AR UNSP 11005 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20134111005 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BFM57 UT WOS:000320558600263 ER PT S AU Hellmann, S Rohwer, T Kallane, M Hanff, K Carr, A Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Kipp, L Bauer, M Rossnagel, K AF Hellmann, S. Rohwer, T. Kallaene, M. Hanff, K. Carr, A. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Kipp, L. Bauer, M. Rossnagel, K. BE Chergui, M Taylor, A Cundiff, S DeVivieRiedle, R Yamagouchi, K TI Time-domain evidence for an excitonic insulator SO XVIIITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 08-13, 2012 CL Ecole Polytechnique Fed Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND HO Ecole Polytechnique Fed Lausanne (EPFL) AB Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a high-harmonic-generation source is used to classify the potential excitonic insulator 1T-TiSe2 and the reference Peierls-Mott insulator 1T-TaS2 on the basis of the melting times of "spectroscopic order parameters". C1 [Hellmann, S.; Rohwer, T.; Kallaene, M.; Hanff, K.; Kipp, L.; Bauer, M.; Rossnagel, K.] Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. [Carr, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Dept Phys, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hellmann, S (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Expt & Appl Phys, Olshaussenstr 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Rossnagel, Kai/F-8822-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Rossnagel, Kai/0000-0001-5107-0090 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 19 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-0956-1 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2013 VL 41 AR UNSP 03022 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20134103022 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BFM57 UT WOS:000320558600079 ER PT S AU Li, HB Moody, G Bristow, AD Siemens, ME Cundiff, ST AF Li, Hebin Moody, Galan Bristow, Alan D. Siemens, Mark E. Cundiff, Steven T. BE Chergui, M Taylor, A Cundiff, S DeVivieRiedle, R Yamagouchi, K TI Optical Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Atomic Vapor SO XVIIITH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA SE EPJ Web of Conferences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 08-13, 2012 CL Ecole Polytechnique Fed Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, SWITZERLAND HO Ecole Polytechnique Fed Lausanne (EPFL) AB Optical single- and double-quantum three-dimensional Fourier-transform spectra are obtained for atomic vapors. We show that three-dimensional spectra can be used to identify the Hamiltonian of complex systems and to reveal the nature of many-body interactions. C1 [Li, Hebin; Moody, Galan; Bristow, Alan D.; Siemens, Mark E.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Li, HB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2100-014X BN 978-2-7598-0956-1 J9 EPJ WEB CONF PY 2013 VL 41 AR UNSP 02010 DI 10.1051/epjconf/20134102010 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BFM57 UT WOS:000320558600029 ER PT S AU Qu, C Kasica, R Wei, R McCarty, E Fan, JH Edwards, DD Wynick, G Lin, L Liu, Y Miller, RE Wang, XW AF Qu, C. Kasica, R. Wei, R. McCarty, E. Fan, J. H. Edwards, D. D. Wynick, G. Lin, L. Liu, Y. Miller, R. E. Wang, X. W. BE Zhu, D Lin, HT Zhou, Y Hwang, T Halbig, M Mathur, S TI EVALUATIONS OF MULTILAYER COATINGS FOR GALVANIC CORROSION RESISTANCE APPLICATIONS - OXIDE AND NITRIDE COATINGS ON CARBON STEEL SO ADVANCED CERAMIC COATINGS AND MATERIALS FOR EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 36th International Conference and Expo on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2012 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID THIN-FILMS; AZ91D AB Magnesium alloy materials are utilized in some modern vehicle designs due to their low mass densities. The challenge is to mitigate the galvanic corrosion when a magnesium alloy part is fastened with a carbon steel bolt. Current solutions involve aluminum fasteners, isolators and sleeves. The aluminum parts can only partially isolate steel and steel fasteners from magnesium as the thickness of the natively grown aluminum oxide on the aluminum metal surface may vary from one spot to another. Additional aluminum surface treatment procedures may reduce the corrosion, but cannot eliminate the corrosion completely. This study will show that three layer coatings, when applied to steel parts, can electrically insulate the steel from magnesium. The layer stacking sequence is silicon nitride, aluminum oxide and UV curable aluminum oxide. Based on zero-resistance ammeter (ZRA) measurement and ASTM B 117 salt mist spray testing, the three layer coating mitigates the galvanic corrosion better than that provided by aluminum. Material properties and corrosion testing results will be provided. C1 [Qu, C.; Fan, J. H.; Edwards, D. D.; Wynick, G.; Lin, L.; Liu, Y.; Miller, R. E.; Wang, X. W.] Alfred Univ, Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. [Kasica, R.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wei, R.] Southwest Res Inst, San Antonio, TX 78238 USA. [McCarty, E.] Mat Technol Consulting, LLC, Clarkston, MI 48346 USA. RP Qu, C (reprint author), Alfred Univ, Sch Engn, Alfred, NY 14802 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-21747-4; 978-1-118-20589-1 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2013 BP 101 EP 113 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFK97 UT WOS:000320335000010 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA Carr, MA Brown, JS AF Kedzierski, M. A. Carr, M. A. Brown, J. S. TI MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF VAPOR-SPACE CONDENSATION OF REFRIGERANTS ON TRAPEZOIDAL-FINNED AND TURBO-C GEOMETRIES SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE enhanced heat transfer; low-finned tube; passive enhancement; R123; R134a; R245fa; Turbo-CII ID HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS; FILM CONDENSATION; TUBES; SURFACE AB This paper reports vapor-space condensation heat transfer measurements for R123, R134a, and R245fa for the integral trapezoidal fin, and the Turbo-CII geometries on vertical plates. The data consisted of heat flux and wall temperature difference measurements. Condensation heat transfer measurements on a smooth plate agreed well with both measurements and predictions from the literature. Overall, the heat transfer performance of the three refrigerants on the trapezoidal fin was within approximately 8 kW/m(2) of one another. Similarly, the condensation heat flux for R134a and R245fa on the Turbo-CII was within approximately 18 kW/m(2) of each other, while the heat flux of R123 on the Turbo-CII was between 10 and 80 kW/m2 less than that of R245fa. An existing finned tube condensation model was modified to be expressed in terms of the gradient of the condensate curvature with respect to the length of the liquid vapor interface. Curvature gradients for the two surfaces were developed that, when substituted into the modified model, predicted the present measured driving temperature differences for the trapezoidal fin and the Turbo-CII to within 0.4 and 1.2 K, respectively, for all measurements except for R123 on the Turbo-CII surface. With the aid of the curvature gradients, simple models were developed to predict the performance of the trapezoidal, low-finned tube, and the Turbo-C tube. The heat flux to the low-finned tube and the Turbo-C tube were predicted to within 10% and 15%, respectively, of the measured values from the literature for four different fluids. C1 [Kedzierski, M. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carr, M. A.] USN Acad, Dept Mech Engn, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Brown, J. S.] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Kedzierski@NIST.GOV FU NIST; US Navy FX This work was jointly funded by NIST and the US Navy. The authors would also like to express appreciation to NEST personnel Glen Glaeser for his help with rig modifications, and to Kyongmin Kwon, Piotr Domanski, and Andrew Persily for their constructive review. We are also grateful for the review comments of Ki-Jung Park of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. Thanks goes to Weiland Products for donating the trapezoidal fin surface and to Wolverine Tube for donating a Turbo-CII tube. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 1 SI SI BP 59 EP 71 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 161OS UT WOS:000320203800006 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, Mark A. TI NANOFLUIDS, HEAT-TRANSFER EQUIPMENT AND PLAIN-VANILLA SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE nanofluids; nanolubricants; equipment AB Recent advances in nanofluids research have demonstrated the potential for using nanofluids in heat-transfer equipment to enhance its efficiency and/or performance. Nanoparticle materials can be very inexpensive and the technology for producing nanofluids is mature. However, the commercial viability of nanofluids in heat-transfer equipment hinges on the application of high-quality nanofluid dispersions; i.e., ones in which the nanoparticles remain suspended indefinitely or quickly re-suspend upon agitation. In general, the nanofluid and the system design need to be robust enough to re-suspend nanoparticles upon equipment restart and cause no damage to the equipment if settling does occur during shutdown. To solve these problems, much more needs to be known about the physical chemistry of various nanoparticle materials and more applied research is required to predict how nanofluids interact with system components on a long-term basis. Consequently, if nanofluids are to be used on a large scale in heat-transfer equipment, significantly more research will be required to ensure system reliability. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.Kedzierski@NIST.GOV NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PY 2013 VL 20 IS 1 SI SI BP 93 EP 94 PG 2 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 161OS UT WOS:000320203800009 ER PT J AU Rodenbeck, C Keeling, RF Bakker, DCE Metz, N Olsen, A Sabine, C Heimann, M AF Roedenbeck, C. Keeling, R. F. Bakker, D. C. E. Metz, N. Olsen, A. Sabine, C. Heimann, M. TI Global surface-ocean p(CO2) and sea-air CO2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-CYCLE; EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS; NEURAL-NETWORK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WIND-SPEED; IN-SITU; ATLANTIC; DIOXIDE; WATER AB A temporally and spatially resolved estimate of the global surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure field and the sea air CO2 flux is presented, obtained by fitting a simple data-driven diagnostic model of ocean mixed-layer biogeochemistry to surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure data from the SOCAT v1.5 database. Results include seasonal, interannual, and short-term (daily) variations. In most regions, estimated seasonality is well constrained from the data, and compares well to the widely used monthly climatology by Takahashi et al. (2009). Comparison to independent data tentatively supports the slightly higher seasonal variations in our estimates in some areas. We also fitted the diagnostic model to atmospheric CO2 data. The results of this are less robust, but in those areas where atmospheric signals are not strongly influenced by land flux variability, their seasonality is nevertheless consistent with the results based on surface-ocean data. From a comparison with an independent seasonal climatology of surface-ocean nutrient concentration, the diagnostic model is shown to capture relevant surface-ocean biogeochemical processes reasonably well. Estimated interannual variations will be presented and discussed in a companion paper. C1 [Roedenbeck, C.; Heimann, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bakker, D. C. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Metz, N.] CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Olsen, A.] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.] Uni Bjerknes Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Sabine, C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rodenbeck, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM christian.roedenbeck@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016 OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113 FU EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE [264879] FX We would like to thank all contributors to the SOCAT database, as well as all providers of atmospheric CO2 data, which are the basis of this work. We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Nicolas Cassar, Andrew Dickson, Niki Gruber, Roberta Hamme, Steve Jones, Bob Key, Armin Kohl, Wolfgang Koeve, Iris Kriest, Corinne Le Quere Miguel Mahecha, Bill Munger, Andreas Oschlies, Taro Takahashi, Yasunori Tohjima, and Lisan Yu. Sara Mikaloff Fletcher and Rik Wanninkhof made very helpful comments as referees. This study was also supported through EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE (264879) and is a contribution to the international IMBER/SOLAS projects. NR 64 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 193 EP 216 DI 10.5194/os-9-193-2013 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 163PF UT WOS:000320348700001 ER PT B AU Kim, SA Johnson, WL White, GS Roberts, R AF Kim, S. A. Johnson, W. L. White, G. S. Roberts, R. GP ASM International TI Ultrasonic Detection of Defects in Multi layered Ceramic Capacitors for Active Implantable Medical Devices SO MEDICAL DEVICE MATERIALS VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials and Processes for Medical Devices Conference CY AUG 08-10, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN ID QUALITY INSPECTION TOOL; ACTUATORS AB Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) was used to measure the acoustic frequencies of surface-mountable multilayered ceramic capacitors (MLCC), with the aim of determining whether a resonant acoustic technique can serve as a nondestructive method for detecting structural flaws in capacitors. Structural flaws are currently considered to be the primary source of in-service electrical failure of MLCC incorporated in active implantable medical devices. Measurements were made on capacitors in the as-manufactured condition and after exposure to a variety of treatments, including elevated vibration/temperature/current, thermal shock, microindentation, and focused-ion-beam (FIB) milling of a linear flaw. Changes in RUS spectra induced by the indentations and FIB flaw were found to be comparable in magnitude to the uncertainties in the measurements. However, accelerated stress and thermal shocks resulted in much more noticeable changes. These results provide preliminary evidence that RUS measurements provide a feasible basis for detecting structural flaws that are precursors to electrical failure of MLCC. C1 [Kim, S. A.; Johnson, W. L.; White, G. S.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, SA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-62708-009-5 PY 2013 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFB40 UT WOS:000319085000018 ER PT B AU Verwolf, A AF Verwolf, A. GP ASM International TI Design and Optimization of a Permeation Testing System for Polymer Coatings SO MEDICAL DEVICE MATERIALS VI LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Materials and Processes for Medical Devices Conference CY AUG 08-10, 2011 CL Minneapolis, MN ID PARYLENE-C; BIOCOMPATIBILITY; IMPROVEMENT; FILMS; WATER AB Liquid water permeation through freestanding Parylene C membranes was measured by use of a high-performance testing system that demonstrated fast response (<= 30 seconds) to changing concentrations in the sweep gas stream and detectability of less than 20 mPa of water vapor. The bulk of the maximum measured transport rates through Parylene C was attained within 30 minutes of injecting water into the feed side of the dry test cell. The characteristic time-transport rate curves were similar to those produced via water vapor fed directly into the sweep-gas stream from a novel in situ watervapor-diffusion reference membrane. Average values of diffusivity D measured at 37 degrees C ranged from 8.1 x 10(-9) cm(2)/s to 8.8 x 10(-9) cm(2)/s. The implications of experimental results are discussed with respect to transient permeation for medical device coating applications specifically and metrology generally. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Verwolf, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-62708-009-5 PY 2013 BP 181 EP 186 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BFB40 UT WOS:000319085000036 ER PT J AU Park, J Dusek, G AF Park, J. Dusek, G. TI ENSO components of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and their relation to North Atlantic interannual coastal sea level anomalies SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SST VARIABILITY; AMERICA; SCALES AB The El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) are known to influence coastal water levels along the East Coast of the United States. By identifying empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), which coherently contribute from the Multivariate ENSO Index (MEI) to the AMO index (AMOI), we characterize both the expression of ENSO in the unsmoothed AMOI, and coherent relationships between these indices and interannual sea level anomalies at six stations in the Gulf of Mexico and western North Atlantic. Within the ENSO band (2-7 yr periods) the total contribution of MEI to unsmoothed AMOI variability is 79%. Cross correlation suggests that the MEI leads expression of the ENSO signature in the AMOI by six months, consistent with the mechanism of an atmospheric bridge. Within the ENSO band, essentially all of the coupling between the unsmoothed AMOI and sea level anomalies is the result of ENSO expression in the AMOI. At longer periods we find decadal components of sea level anomalies linked to the AMOI at three southern stations (Key West, Pensacola, Charleston), but not at the northern stations (Baltimore, Boston, Portland), with values of coherence ranging from 20 to 50%. The coherence of MEI to coastal sea level anomalies has a different structure and is generally weaker than that of the ENSO expressed AMOI influence, suggesting distinct physical mechanisms are influencing sea level anomalies due to a direct ENSO teleconnection when compared to teleconnections based on ENSO expression in the AMOI. It is expected that applying this analysis to extremes of sea level anomalies will reveal additional influences. C1 [Park, J.; Dusek, G.] NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM joseph.park@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 3 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.5194/os-9-535-2013 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 174GL UT WOS:000321142800005 ER PT S AU Aubin, S Behr, JA Chen, G Collister, R Flambaum, VV Gomez, E Gwinner, G Jackson, KP Melconian, D Orozco, LA Pearson, MR Ruiz, MC Sheng, D Shin, YH Sprouse, GD Tandecki, M Zhang, J Zhao, Y AF Aubin, S. Behr, J. A. Chen, G. Collister, R. Flambaum, V. V. Gomez, E. Gwinner, G. Jackson, K. P. Melconian, D. Orozco, L. A. Pearson, M. R. Ruiz, M. C. Sheng, D. Shin, Y. H. Sprouse, G. D. Tandecki, M. Zhang, J. Zhao, Y. BE McDaniel, FD Doyle, BL Glass, GA Wang, Y TI The Francium Facility At TRIUMF SO APPLICATION OF ACCELERATORS IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on the Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry (CAARI) CY AUG 05-10, 2012 CL Fort Worth, TX SP Sandia Natl Labs, Univ N Texas, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Pacific NW Natl Lab, High Voltage Engn Europa B V, Kurt J Lester Co, Natl Electrostat Corp DE Francium; weak interactions; atomic parity non-conservation ID ATOMIC PARITY NONCONSERVATION; TRAPPED FRANCIUM; ANAPOLE MOMENT; VIOLATION; CESIUM; TRANSITION; ISOTOPES; SPECTROSCOPY; PHYSICS AB We present the current status of the Francium Trapping Facility at ISAC at TRIUMF. The facility will enable future experiments on the weak interaction with measurements of atomic parity non-conservation laser-cooled samples of artificially produced francium. These experiments require a precisely controlled environment, which the facility is designed to provide. The facility has been constructed and is being prepared for a series of commissioning runs. C1 [Aubin, S.] Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Behr, J. A.; Jackson, K. P.; Pearson, M. R.; Tandecki, M.] TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Chen, G.; Orozco, L. A.; Sheng, D.; Shin, Y. H.; Zhang, J.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Collister, R.; Gwinner, G.; Tandecki, M.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ Newsouth Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Gomez, E.; Ruiz, M. C.] Univ San Luis Potasi, Inst Fusica, San Luis Potasi, Mexico. [Zhao, Y.] Shanxi Univ, State Key Lab Quantum Opt & Quantum Opt Devices, Taiyuan 030006, Peoples R China. [Sheng, D.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Aubin, S (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. RI Sheng, Dong/J-6640-2014; Melconian, Dan/A-1331-2011 OI Melconian, Dan/0000-0002-0142-5428 FU NRC; TRIUMF; NSERC from Canada; DOE; NSF from USA; CONACYT from Mexico FX We would like to thank the ISAC staff at TRIUMF for developing the Fr beam. M. C. R. thanks Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi for travel support. NRC, TRIUMF, and NSERC from Canada, DOE and NSF from the USA, and CONACYT from Mexico support our work. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1148-7 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1525 BP 530 EP 537 DI 10.1063/1.4802385 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BFI58 UT WOS:000319997900106 ER PT J AU Hassler, B Young, PJ Portmann, RW Bodeker, GE Daniel, JS Rosenlof, KH Solomon, S AF Hassler, B. Young, P. J. Portmann, R. W. Bodeker, G. E. Daniel, J. S. Rosenlof, K. H. Solomon, S. TI Comparison of three vertically resolved ozone data sets: climatology, trends and radiative forcings SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; TECHNICAL NOTE; VARIABILITY; DEPLETION; RECOVERY; RESOLUTION; AEROSOLS; IMPACT; CMIP5 AB Climate models that do not simulate changes in stratospheric ozone concentrations require the prescription of ozone fields to accurately calculate UV fluxes and stratospheric heating rates. In this study, three different global ozone time series that are available for this purpose are compared: the data set of Randel and Wu (2007) (RW07), Cionni et al. (2011) (SPARC), and Bodeker et al. (2013) (BDBP). All three data sets represent multiple-linear regression fits to vertically resolved ozone observations, resulting in a spatially and temporally continuous stratospheric ozone field covering at least the period from 1979 to 2005. The main differences among the data sets result from regression models, which use different observations and include different basis functions. The data sets are compared against ozonesonde and satellite observations to assess how the data sets represent concentrations, trends and interannual variability. In the Southern Hemisphere polar region, RW07 and SPARC underestimate the ozone depletion in spring ozonesonde measurements. A piecewise linear trend regression is performed to estimate the 1979-1996 ozone decrease globally, covering a period of extreme depletion in most regions. BDBP overestimates Arctic and tropical ozone depletion over this period relative to the available measurements, whereas the depletion is underestimated in RW07 and SPARC. While the three data sets yield ozone concentrations that are within a range of different observations, there is a large spread in their respective ozone trends. One consequence of this is differences of almost a factor of four in the calculated stratospheric ozone radiative forcing between the data sets (RW07: -0.038 Wm(-2), SPARC: -0.033 Wm(-2), BDBP: -0.119 Wm(-2)), important in assessing the contribution of stratospheric ozone depletion to the total anthropogenic radiative forcing. C1 [Hassler, B.; Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.; Young, P. J.; Portmann, R. W.; Daniel, J. S.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, Central Otago, South Africa. [Solomon, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Hassler, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM birgit.hassler@noaa.gov RI Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Bodeker, Gregory/0000-0003-1094-5852 FU NOAA NCDC Climate Data Records Program FX Funding for B. Hassler has been provided by the NOAA NCDC Climate Data Records Program. The authors want to thank Bill Randel for helpful comments and discussion about the manuscript. We thank two anonymous reviewers and T. G. Shepherd for helpful comments and suggestions on how to improve the manuscript. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 11 BP 5533 EP 5550 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5533-2013 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164AD UT WOS:000320380200008 ER PT J AU Fraser, A Palmer, PI Feng, L Boesch, H Cogan, A Parker, R Dlugokencky, EJ Fraser, PJ Krummel, PB Langenfelds, RL O'Doherty, S Prinn, RG Steele, LP van der Schoot, M Weiss, RF AF Fraser, A. Palmer, P. I. Feng, L. Boesch, H. Cogan, A. Parker, R. Dlugokencky, E. J. Fraser, P. J. Krummel, P. B. Langenfelds, R. L. O'Doherty, S. Prinn, R. G. Steele, L. P. van der Schoot, M. Weiss, R. F. TI Estimating regional methane surface fluxes: the relative importance of surface and GOSAT mole fraction measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; TRANSPORT MODEL; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 FLUXES; SPACE; VARIABILITY; EMISSIONS; CH4; CARBONTRACKER AB We use an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), together with the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model, to estimate regional monthly methane (CH4) fluxes for the period June 2009-December 2010 using proxy dry-air column-averaged mole fractions of methane (XCH4) from GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite) and/or NOAA ESRL (Earth System Research Laboratory) and CSIRO GASLAB (Global Atmospheric Sampling Laboratory) CH4 surface mole fraction measurements. Global posterior estimates using GOSAT and/or surface measurements are between 510-516 Tg yr(-1), which is less than, though within the uncertainty of, the prior global flux of 529 +/- 25 Tg yr(-1). We find larger differences between regional prior and posterior fluxes, with the largest changes in monthly emissions (75 Tg yr(-1)) occurring in Temperate Eurasia. In non-boreal regions the error reductions for inversions using the GOSAT data are at least three times larger (up to 45 %) than if only surface data are assimilated, a reflection of the greater spatial coverage of GOSAT, with the two exceptions of latitudes >60 degrees associated with a data filter and over Europe where the surface network adequately describes fluxes on our model spatial and temporal grid. We use CarbonTracker and GEOS-Chem XCO2 model output to investigate model error on quantifying proxy GOSAT XCH4 (involving model XCO2) and inferring methane flux estimates from surface mole fraction data and show similar resulting fluxes, with differences reflecting initial differences in the proxy value. Using a series of observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) we characterize the posterior flux error introduced by non-uniform atmospheric sampling by GOSAT. We show that clear-sky measurements can theoretically reproduce fluxes within 10% of true values, with the exception of tropical regions where, due to a large seasonal cycle in the number of measurements because of clouds and aerosols, fluxes are within 15% of true fluxes. We evaluate our posterior methane fluxes by incorporating them into GEOS-Chem and sampling the model at the location and time of surface CH4 measurements from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment) network and column XCH4 measurements from TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network). The posterior fluxes modestly improve the model agreement with AGAGE and TCCON data relative to prior fluxes, with the correlation coefficients (r(2)) increasing by a mean of 0.04 (range: -0.17 to 0.23) and the biases decreasing by a mean of 0.4 ppb (range: -8.9 to 8.4 ppb). C1 [Fraser, A.; Palmer, P. I.; Feng, L.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Boesch, H.; Cogan, A.; Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Earth Observat Sci Grp, Leicester, Leics, England. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Fraser, P. J.; Krummel, P. B.; Langenfelds, R. L.; Steele, L. P.; van der Schoot, M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Weiss, R. F.] UCSD, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Fraser, A (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM ac.fraser@ed.ac.uk RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Fraser, Annemarie/D-3874-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Fraser, Paul/D-1755-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Palmer, Paul/F-7008-2010 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; FU UK NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); RCUK fellowship; ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project GHG-CCI; University of Bremen; Leverhulme Trust; JAXA; NIES; MOE; NOAA's Climate Program Office; Australian Bureau of Meteorology; NASA FX A. Fraser, L. Feng and R. Parker are supported by the UK NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and H. Boesch is supported by a RCUK fellowship. R. Parker and H. Boesch also acknowledge support by the ESA Climate Change Initiative (CCI) project GHG-CCI via sub-contract with the University of Bremen. P. I. Palmer gratefully acknowledges support from the Leverhulme Trust. JAXA, NIES, and MOE provided the GOSAT data and provide support for work done at the University of Leicester as part of the Joint Research Agreement. The retrieval algorithm used for GOSAT was provided by the ACOS team at JPL. NOAA ESRL is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office. CSIRO research at Cape Grim is supported by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. AGAGE is supported by grants from NASA's Upper Atmosphere Research Program to R. G. Prinn and R. F. Weiss. We are grateful to Nicholas Deutscher, David Griffith, Frank Hase, Esko Kyro, Isamu Morino, Justus Notholt, Vanessa Sherlock, Thorsten Warneke, and Paul Wennberg for the use of TCCON data, which were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology from the website at http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/. We thank Frederic Chevallier and Cindy Cressot for their helpful comments on a draft manuscript. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their comments which have helped to improve this manuscript. NR 41 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 11 BP 5697 EP 5713 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5697-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 164AD UT WOS:000320380200020 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE Ritchie, NWM AF Newbury, Dale E. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. TI Elemental mapping of microstructures by scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS): extraordinary advances with the silicon drift detector (SDD) SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Review ID SPECTRUM; FEATURES AB Elemental mapping at the microstructural level by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), while widely applied in science, engineering, and technology, has been limited in performance by the throughput of the lithium-drifted silicon detector [Si(Li)-EDS] which restricts the number of X-ray counts measured per image pixel. The emergence of the silicon drift detector (SDD-EDS) has greatly extended the X-ray throughput, by a factor of 25 to 70 for the same spectral resolution. This improved performance enables practical X-ray spectrum imaging (XSI), in which a complete X-ray spectrum is recorded at each image pixel. By performing complete quantitative corrections for background, peak overlap, and matrix effects to each pixel spectrum, full compositional mapping can be achieved. Various elemental mapping collection strategies are described, including quantitative mapping at the major (concentration C > 0.1 mass fraction), minor (0.01 <= C <= 0.1), and trace (C < 0.01) constituent levels, extreme pixel density (gigapixel) mapping, rapid mapping (in 10 seconds or less), and high spatial resolution mapping with the thermal field emission gun scanning electron microscope. C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8370, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.newbury@nist.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 10 U2 61 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2013 VL 28 IS 7 BP 973 EP 988 DI 10.1039/c3ja50026h PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 162MU UT WOS:000320270000002 ER PT J AU Wu, T Tyson, TA Bai, JM Pandya, K Jaye, C Fischer, D AF Wu, Tao Tyson, Trevor A. Bai, Jianming Pandya, Kaumudi Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel TI On the origin of enhanced thermoelectricity in Fe doped Ca3Co4O9 SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MISFIT-LAYERED COBALTITE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; THIN-FILMS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BI-SUBSTITUTION; GROWTH; OXIDES AB Resistivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements on Ca3Co4-xFexO9 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.25) reveal enhanced thermoelectric performance with an optimal x value of 0.2. X-ray diffraction measurements show continuous Fe doping into the host lattice, while X-ray absorption experiments reveal that Fe substitutes for Co in the Ca2CoO3 (rock salt) block. The Fe substitution for Co produces electron doping. The local structure around Fe in the Ca2CoO3 block becomes disordered, while the structure in the conducting CoO2 layer becomes more ordered. The structural change in the CoO2 layer plays the key role to enhance the electron transport. The highest ordered structure is achieved at x = 0.2 with the lowest resistivity. Soft X-ray absorption measurements find no Co site spin-state change with Fe doping. Thermoelectric property enhancement associated with doping induced structural change points to a new approach for creating materials with improved ZT in complex oxide systems. C1 [Wu, Tao; Tyson, Trevor A.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Bai, Jianming] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Pandya, Kaumudi] Brookhaven Natl Lab, SAIC, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tyson, TA (reprint author), New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. EM tyson@njit.edu RI Bai, Jianming/O-5005-2015 FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46402]; NSF MRI [DMR-0923032]; U.S. Department of Energy FX This work is supported by DOE Grant DE-FG02-07ER46402. The Physical Properties Measurements System was acquired under NSF MRI Grant DMR-0923032 (ARRA award). X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption data acquisition were performed at Brookhaven National Laboratory's National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) which is funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. We are indebted to Prof. M. Croft of Rutgers University, for useful discussion on the structural changes accompanying doping and for providing the spectra for Fe K-edge XANES standards. NR 48 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 61 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2013 VL 1 IS 26 BP 4114 EP 4121 DI 10.1039/c3tc30481g PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 163IX UT WOS:000320330600007 ER PT J AU Fiedler, PC Redfern, JV Van Noord, J Hall, C Pitman, RL Ballance, LT AF Fiedler, Paul C. Redfern, Jessica V. Van Noord, Joel Hall, Candice Pitman, Robert L. Ballance, Lisa T. TI Effects of a tropical cyclone on a pelagic ecosystem from the physical environment to top predators SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Pelagic ecosystem; Eastern tropical Pacific; Top predator; Storm; Disturbance; Bottom-up forcing ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; HURRICANE; ECOLOGY; POPULATIONS; DISTURBANCE; MOVEMENTS; DYNAMICS; SEABIRDS; RISK AB Tropical cyclones are environmental disturbances that may have important effects on open-ocean ecosystem structure and function, but their overall impact has rarely been assessed. The Stenella Abundance Research Line Transect and Ecosystem (STARLITE) survey, in August-November 2007, investigated spatial and temporal ecosystem variability in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean off southwestern Mexico. Oceanographic, plankton, flyingfish, seabird, and cetacean sampling was conducted along eight 170 km transect lines, each of which were surveyed on 2 consecutive days at similar to 3 wk intervals. Tropical storm Kiko passed though the study area on 15-17 October and forced changes in the physical environment and in the ecosystem, from plankton to top predators. Kiko mixed water from beneath the strong, shallow thermocline to the surface. As a result, surface temperature decreased by 0.6 degrees C, the thermocline and chlorophyll maximum layer shoaled by 10-20 m, stratification decreased by 27%, and chlorophyll increased by 33% at the surface and 35% over the euphotic zone. These changes persisted for at least 4 wk. Zooplankton biomass increased by 59% about 3 wk after the phyto plankton increase. Changes in the stomach fullness and diet composition of planktivorous flyingfish were consistent with the increase in zooplankton biomass. Among top predators, the sighting rate of dolphins declined, while the response of seabirds varied by species and was confounded by seasonal migration patterns. Tropical cyclones are a recurrent disturbance in this region. They initiate a bottom-up forcing of the ecosystem, creating persistent patches of higher primary and secondary production, and may be regarded as a disturbance regime. C1 [Fiedler, Paul C.; Redfern, Jessica V.; Van Noord, Joel; Hall, Candice; Pitman, Robert L.; Ballance, Lisa T.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Van Noord, Joel] Calif Wetfish Producers Assoc, Buellton, CA 93427 USA. [Hall, Candice] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Fiedler, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Paul.Fiedler@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 48 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 484 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.3354/meps10378 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 163FM UT WOS:000320321300001 ER PT J AU Daly, EA Auth, TD Brodeur, RD Peterson, WT AF Daly, Elizabeth A. Auth, Toby D. Brodeur, Richard D. Peterson, William T. TI Winter ichthyoplankton biomass as a predictor of early summer prey fields and survival of juvenile salmon in the northern California Current SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ichthyoplankton; Juvenile salmon; Prey; Winter ID COHO ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COASTAL MARINE WATERS; CHINOOK SALMON; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; FISH LARVAE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CLIMATE CONDITIONS; UPWELLING REGION AB Diets of juvenile coho Oncorhynchus kisutch and Chinook O. tshawytscha salmon are made up primarily of winter-spawning fish taxa in the late-larval and early juvenile stages that are undersampled in plankton and larger trawl nets. Although we have no direct measure of the availability of fish prey important to juvenile salmon during early marine residence, we do have data on the larval stage of their prey that may be used as a surrogate for the later stages. Data on these prey items were obtained from ichthyoplankton samples collected along the Newport Oregon Hydrographic line (44.65 degrees N) during January-March in 1998-2010. We explored winter biomass of prey fish larvae as a potential indicator of marine feeding conditions for young salmon the following spring. The proportion of total winter ichthyoplankton biomass considered to be common salmon fish prey fluctuated from 13.9% in 2006 to 95.0% in 2000. The relationship between biomass of fish larvae in winter and subsequent coho salmon survival was highly significant (r(2) = 50.0, p = 0.004). When the 2 outlier years of 1998 (El Nino) and 1999 (La Nina) were removed, this relationship was also highly significant for spring Chinook (r(2) = 70.7, p = 0.0002) and significant for fall Chinook salmon (r(2) = 34.0, p = 0.03) returns. Winter larval fish composition showed a high degree of overlap with juvenile salmon diets during May, but less overlap in June. Larval fishes appeared to be an early and cost-effective indicator of ocean ecosystem conditions and future juvenile salmon survival. C1 [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Auth, Toby D.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Peterson, William T.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Daly, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM elizabeth.daly@oregonstate.edu FU NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program (SAIP); Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program; Bonneville Power Administration FX We thank numerous scientists and ship crew members who participated in the plankton collections over the years. The larval fish research was funded by NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program (SAIP) and the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) Program. We also thank the many scientists that assisted in the collection of juvenile salmon. Support for the juvenile salmon research was provided by Bonneville Power Administration, and we are grateful for their long-term funding, which made this study possible. We also thank Bryan Black, Brian Burke, and 3 anonymous reviewers for their comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 484 BP 203 EP 217 DI 10.3354/meps10320 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 163FM UT WOS:000320321300014 ER PT J AU Renner, M Parrish, JK Piatt, JF Kuletz, KJ Edwards, AE Hunt, GL AF Renner, Martin Parrish, Julia K. Piatt, John F. Kuletz, Kathy J. Edwards, Ann E. Hunt, George L., Jr. TI Modeled distribution and abundance of a pelagic seabird reveal trends in relation to fisheries SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; Bering Sea; Distribution shifts; Fisheries; Fulmarus glacialis; Habitat modeling; Population trend ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; FULMARS FULMARUS-GLACIALIS; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; NORTHERN FULMARS; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; MARINE BIRDS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN CLIMATE AB The northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis is one of the most visible and widespread seabirds in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. However, relatively little is known about its abundance, trends, or the factors that shape its distribution. We used a long-term pelagic dataset to model changes in fulmar at-sea distribution and abundance since the mid-1970s. We used an ensemble model, based on a weighted average of generalized additive model (GAM), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and random forest models to estimate the pelagic distribution and density of fulmars in the waters of the Aleutian Archipelago and Bering Sea. The most important predictor variables were colony effect, sea surface temperature, distribution of fisheries, location, and primary productivity. We calculated a time series from the ratio of observed to predicted values and found that fulmar at-sea abundance declined from the 1970s to the 2000s at a rate of 0.83% (+/- 0.39% SE) per annum. Interpolating fulmar densities on a spatial grid through time, we found that the center of fulmar distribution in the Bering Sea has shifted north, coinciding with a northward shift in fish catches and a warming ocean. Our study shows that fisheries are an important, but not the only factor, shaping fulmar distribution and abundance trends in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands. C1 [Renner, Martin; Parrish, Julia K.; Edwards, Ann E.; Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Kuletz, Kathy J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Migratory Bird Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Edwards, Ann E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, REFM Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Renner, M (reprint author), Tern Again Consulting, 388 E Bayview Ave, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM auklet@gmx.com OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 FU North Pacific Research Board [609, 637]; National Science Foundation [ARC-0908262]; National Research Council; US Geological Survey FX We acknowledge the help of M. Arimitsu, R. Bivand, C. Camphuysen, D. Dragoo, G. Drew, B. Drummond, S. Fitzgerald, S. Hatch, J. Jahncke, E. Labunski, N. Nur, A. Punt, and H. Renner during the course of this project. We appreciate the efforts, suggestions, and criticisms of 5 anonymous reviewers, which helped to improve this manuscript from its original version. We thank all the observers who spent long hours in often inclement conditions to gather the data reported here. The research was supported, in part, by the North Pacific Research Board (projects #609 and #637), the National Science Foundation (grant ARC-0908262), the National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship program, the US Geological Survey, and the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge in form of logistical and in-kind support. This is NPRB contribution #442, and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication #99. Use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 100 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 37 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 484 BP 259 EP 277 DI 10.3354/meps10347 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 163FM UT WOS:000320321300018 ER PT S AU Quinn, JB Quinn, GD Hoffman, KM AF Quinn, Janet B. Quinn, George D. Hoffman, Kathleen M. BE Singh, D Salem, J Halbig, M Mathur, S TI EDGE CHIP FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES VII SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites Symposium during the 36th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC) CY JAN 22-27, 2012 CL Daytona Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Amer Ceram Soc (ACerS), Engn Ceram Div (ECD) ID BRITTLE MATERIALS; STRENGTH; TOUGHNESS; CERAMICS; GEOMETRY AB The edge chipping test was used to measure the fracture resistance of twenty-four materials including many dental restoration ceramics. Materials tested included feldspathic and leucite porcelains, aluminas, yttria-stabilized zirconias, indirect filled resin-matrix composites, a filled and an unfilled resin denture material, glass, glass ceramics, and human dentin. The effects of variations in some of the experimental procedures were explored. C1 [Quinn, Janet B.; Quinn, George D.; Hoffman, Kathleen M.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, JB (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Stop 854-6, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-1-118-21746-7 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2013 BP 71 EP 84 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA BFH88 UT WOS:000319911600008 ER PT J AU Grubisic, A Schweikhard, V Baker, TA Nesbitt, DJ AF Grubisic, Andrej Schweikhard, Volker Baker, Thomas A. Nesbitt, David J. TI Multiphoton photoelectron emission microscopy of single Au nanorods: combined experimental and theoretical study of rod morphology and dielectric environment on localized surface plasmon resonances SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; TIN OXIDE-FILMS; GOLD NANORODS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ASPECT-RATIO; WORK FUNCTION; ABSORPTION AB Multiphoton photoelectron emission from individual Au nanorods deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates is studied via scanning photoionization microscopy, based on femtosecond laser excitation at frequencies near the rod longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The observed resonances in photoemission correlate strongly with plasmon resonances measured in dark field microscopy (DFM), thus establishing a novel scheme for wavelength-resolved study of plasmons in isolated metallic nanoparticles based on highly sensitive electron counting methods. In this work, we explore experimental and theoretical effects of (i) morphology and (ii) aspect ratio (AR) for longitudinal plasmon resonance behavior in Au nanorods. A quasilinear dependence between LSPR and aspect ratio (AR) is experimentally determined [Delta lambda approximate to +100(10) nm/AR unit] for Au nanorods on ITO, in excellent agreement with the first principles value from finite element computer modeling [Delta lambda = +108(5) nm/AR unit]. Interestingly, however, LSPR values for larger vs. smaller diameter rods (w approximate to 20 nm and 10 nm) are systematically red-shifted [Delta E approximate to -0.03(1) eV; Delta lambda approximate to +15(5) nm at lambda approximate to 800 nm], indicating that electromagnetic retardation effects must also be considered for highest accuracy in LSPR position. To augment these results, the influence of the dielectric environment on the rod LSPR has been explored both experimentally and numerically. In particular, detailed finite-element simulations for ITO supported Au nanorods are found to yield plasmon resonances in near quantitative agreement (Delta E approximate to +/- 0.04 eV) with experiment, with residual differences arising from uncertainty in the refractive index of the ITO thin film. Furthermore, the results indicate that plasmon resonance predictions based on infinitely thick ITO substrates are reliable to a few meV for film thicknesses larger than approximately twice the rod width. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Grubisic, Andrej/P-2717-2014 OI Grubisic, Andrej/0000-0001-8236-0007 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE1012685, PHYS1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional funds for optics, microscopy and computer resources provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1012685, PHYS1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. We would also like to thank Dave Alchenberger for help with SEM instrumentation and ellipsometry measurements. NR 81 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 59 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 26 BP 10616 EP 10627 DI 10.1039/c3cp44385j PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 163FP UT WOS:000320321600006 PM 23417070 ER PT J AU Schanfield, MS Tiesma, D Diegoli, T Coble, M Crawford, M AF Schanfield, Moses S. Tiesma, Daniele Diegoli, Toni Coble, Michael Crawford, Michael TI Preliminary report on the anthropology of 15 X STR loci. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 82nd Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists CY APR 09-13, 2013 CL Knoxville, TN SP Amer Assoc Phys Anthropologists C1 [Schanfield, Moses S.; Tiesma, Daniele] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. [Diegoli, Toni] Amer Registry Pathol, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Camden, DE USA. [Diegoli, Toni] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover, IN USA. [Coble, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Crawford, Michael] Univ Kansas, Dept Anthropol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2013 VL 150 SU 56 SI SI BP 242 EP 242 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 132BR UT WOS:000318043202259 ER PT J AU Ervens, B Wang, Y Eagar, J Leaitch, WR Macdonald, AM Valsaraj, KT Herckes, P AF Ervens, B. Wang, Y. Eagar, J. Leaitch, W. R. Macdonald, A. M. Valsaraj, K. T. Herckes, P. TI Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and select aldehydes in cloud and fog water: the role of the aqueous phase in impacting trace gas budgets SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OH-INITIATED OXIDATION; STATIONS AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION; CALIFORNIA RADIATION FOGS; GULF-COAST CORRIDOR; HILL CAP CLOUD; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; MULTIPHASE CHEMISTRY; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; RATE CONSTANTS; MOUNTAIN SITE AB Cloud and fog droplets efficiently scavenge and process water-soluble compounds and, thus, modify the chemical composition of the gas and particle phases. The concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the aqueous phase reach concentrations on the order of similar to 10 mgC L-1 which is typically on the same order of magnitude as the sum of inorganic anions. Aldehydes and carboxylic acids typically comprise a large fraction of DOC because of their high solubility. The dissolution of species in the aqueous phase can lead to (i) the removal of species from the gas phase preventing their processing by gas phase reactions (e. g., photolysis of aldehydes) and (ii) the formation of unique products that do not have any efficient gas phase sources (e. g., dicarboxylic acids). We present measurements of DOC and select aldehydes in fog water at high elevation and intercepted clouds at a biogenically-impacted location (Whistler, Canada) and in fog water in a more polluted area (Davis, CA). Concentrations of formaldehyde, glyoxal and methylglyoxal were in the micromolar range and comprised <= 2% each individually of the DOC. Comparison of the DOC and aldehyde concentrations to those at other locations shows good agreement and reveals highest levels for both in anthropogenically impacted regions. Based on this overview, we conclude that the fraction of organic carbon (dissolved and insoluble inclusions) in the aqueous phase of clouds or fogs, respectively, comprises 2-similar to 40% of total organic carbon. Higher values are observed to be associated with aged air masses where organics are expected to be more highly oxidised and, thus, more soluble. Accordingly, the aqueous/gas partitioning ratio expressed here as an effective Henry's law constant for DOC (K-H*(DOC)) increases by an order of magnitude from 7 x 10(3) M atm(-1) to 7 x 10(4) M atm(-1) during the ageing of air masses. The measurements are accompanied by photochemical box model simulations. These simulations are used to contrast two scenarios, i.e., an anthropogenically vs. a more biogenically impacted one as being representative for Davis and Whistler, respectively. Since the simplicity of the box model prevents a fully quantitative prediction of the observed aldehyde concentrations, we rather use the model results to compare trends in aldehyde partitioning and ratios. They suggest that the scavenging of aldehydes by the aqueous phase can reduce HO2 gas phase levels significantly by two orders of magnitude due to a weaker net source of HO2 production from aldehyde photolysis in the gas phase. Despite the high solubility of dicarbonyl compounds (glyoxal, methylglyoxal), their impact on the HO2 budget by scavenging is < 10% of that of formaldehyde. The overview of DOC and aldehyde measurements presented here reveals that clouds and fogs can be efficient sinks for organics, with increasing importance in aged air masses. Even though aldehydes, specifically formaldehyde, only comprise similar to 1% of DOC, their scavenging and processing in the aqueous phase might translate into significant effects in the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere. C1 [Ervens, B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, B.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, Y.; Eagar, J.; Herckes, P.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Leaitch, W. R.; Macdonald, A. M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Valsaraj, K. T.] Louisiana State Univ, Cain Dept Chem Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Ervens, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov; pierre.herckes@asu.edu RI Herckes, Pierre/E-6824-2011; Valsaraj, Kalliat/B-6451-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Herckes, Pierre/0000-0002-0205-3187; Valsaraj, Kalliat/0000-0003-0251-1739; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; National Science Foundation [AGS0847710, AGS 0907261]; Environment Canada through the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda FX BE acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. We are grateful to James Hutchings and Aurelie Marcotte for their assistance with sampling during the fog and cloud field studies. We are grateful to Mike Mata, Qi Zhang and Cort Anastasio for their help with the Davis field work and Juniper Buller for helping with the Whistler field work. We appreciate useful discussions with Graham Feingold (NOAA/ESRL) and Jeff Collett (Colorado State University). Funding for the research was provided by National Science Foundation grants AGS0847710, AGS 0907261 and Environment Canada through the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda. The statements and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of NSF or Environment Canada. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products. NR 100 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 7 U2 59 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 5117 EP 5135 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5117-2013 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LK UT WOS:000319749400003 ER PT J AU Miyamoto, Y Inoue, M Morino, I Uchino, O Yokota, T Machida, T Sawa, Y Matsueda, H Sweeney, C Tans, PP Andrews, AE Patra, PK AF Miyamoto, Y. Inoue, M. Morino, I. Uchino, O. Yokota, T. Machida, T. Sawa, Y. Matsueda, H. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. P. Andrews, A. E. Patra, P. K. TI Atmospheric column-averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide at 53 aircraft measurement sites SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; STRATOSPHERIC AIR; COMMERCIAL AIRLINES; CO2; AGE; SF6; CH4; VALIDATION; SCIAMACHY AB Atmospheric column-averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) at 53 locations around the world were derived from aircraft measurements covering the altitude range of about 1-10 km. We used CO2 vertical profile measurements from three major carbon cycle programs, a global climatological data set of air number density profiles and tropopause height for calculating XCO2 for the period of 2007-2009. Vertical profiles of the CO2 mixing ratio are complemented by tall tower data up to 400 m from the earth's surface and by simulated profiles in the stratosphere from a chemistry-transport model. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle of calculated XCO2 values shows clear latitudinal dependence, and the amplitude decreases from about 10 ppm at high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere to at most 2 ppm in the tropics and the Southern Hemisphere. The uncertainties of XCO2 were estimated from assumptions about CO2 profiles for each flight. Typically, uncertainties were less than 1 ppm; thus, this data set is within the level of uncertainty needed for primary validation of XCO2 measurements by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and by future satellite missions for monitoring greenhouse gases. C1 [Miyamoto, Y.; Inoue, M.; Morino, I.; Uchino, O.; Yokota, T.; Machida, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sawa, Y.; Matsueda, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.; Andrews, A. E.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Patra, P. K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Morino, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM morino@nies.go.jp RI Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Inoue, Makoto/M-8505-2014 OI Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Inoue, Makoto/0000-0002-6826-5334 FU Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-1102] FX We acknowledge the many staff members of Japan Airlines, the JAL Foundation, and JAMCO Tokyo for supporting the CONTRAIL project. We also thank Takakiyo Nakazawa for providing the balloon-borne data. The NOAA/ESRL Tall Tower project relies heavily on partnerships with universities and other agencies. Individuals who have made significant contributions to the data set used in this study include Ankur Desai of the University of Wisconsin (LEF), Charles Stanier of the University of Iowa (WBI), and Marc Fischer of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (WGC). This research was supported in part by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (A-1102) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 5265 EP 5275 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5265-2013 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LK UT WOS:000319749400013 ER PT J AU Naik, V Voulgarakis, A Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW Lamarque, JF Lin, M Prather, MJ Young, PJ Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, PJ Cionni, I Collins, WJ Dalsoren, SB Doherty, R Eyring, V Faluvegi, G Folberth, GA Josse, B Lee, YH MacKenzie, IA Nagashima, T van Noije, TPC Plummer, DA Righi, M Rumbold, ST Skeie, R Shindell, DT Stevenson, DS Strode, S Sudo, K Szopa, S Zeng, G AF Naik, V. Voulgarakis, A. Fiore, A. M. Horowitz, L. W. Lamarque, J. -F. Lin, M. Prather, M. J. Young, P. J. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. J. Cionni, I. Collins, W. J. Dalsoren, S. B. Doherty, R. Eyring, V. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. A. Josse, B. Lee, Y. H. MacKenzie, I. A. Nagashima, T. van Noije, T. P. C. Plummer, D. A. Righi, M. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. Shindell, D. T. Stevenson, D. S. Strode, S. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Zeng, G. TI Preindustrial to present-day changes in tropospheric hydroxyl radical and methane lifetime from the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MEAN OH CONCENTRATION; PAST 2 DECADES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ICE CORE; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; OXIDIZING EFFICIENCY; METHYL CHLOROFORM; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NOX EMISSIONS; OZONE AB We have analysed time-slice simulations from 17 global models, participating in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP), to explore changes in present-day (2000) hydroxyl radical (OH) concentration and methane (CH4) lifetime relative to preindustrial times (1850) and to 1980. A comparison of modeled and observation-derived methane and methyl chloroform lifetimes suggests that the present-day global multi-model mean OH concentration is overestimated by 5 to 10% but is within the range of uncertainties. The models consistently simulate higher OH concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) compared with the Southern Hemisphere (SH) for the present-day (2000; inter-hemispheric ratios of 1.13 to 1.42), in contrast to observation-based approaches which generally indicate higher OH in the SH although uncertainties are large. Evaluation of simulated carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations, the primary sink for OH, against ground-based and satellite observations suggests low biases in the NH that may contribute to the high north-south OH asymmetry in the models. The models vary widely in their regional distribution of present-day OH concentrations (up to 34 %). Despite large regional changes, the multi-model global mean (mass-weighted) OH concentration changes little over the past 150 yr, due to concurrent increases in factors that enhance OH (humidity, tropospheric ozone, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, and UV radiation due to decreases in stratospheric ozone), compensated by increases in OH sinks (methane abundance, carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic carbon (NMVOC) emissions). The large inter-model diversity in the sign and magnitude of preindustrial to present-day OH changes (ranging from a decrease of 12.7% to an increase of 14.6 %) indicate that uncertainty remains in our understanding of the long-term trends in OH and methane lifetime. We show that this diversity is largely explained by the different ratio of the change in global mean tropospheric CO and NOx burdens (Delta CO/Delta NOx, approximately represents changes in OH sinks versus changes in OH sources) in the models, pointing to a need for better constraints on natural precursor emissions and on the chemical mechanisms in the current generation of chemistry-climate models. For the 1980 to 2000 period, we find that climate warming and a slight increase in mean OH (3.5 +/- 2.2 %) leads to a 4.3 +/- 1.9% decrease in the methane lifetime. Analysing sensitivity simulations performed by 10 models, we find that preindustrial to present-day climate change decreased the methane lifetime by about four months, representing a negative feedback on the climate system. Further, we analysed attribution experiments performed by a subset of models relative to 2000 conditions with only one precursor at a time set to 1860 levels. We find that global mean OH increased by 46.4 +/- 12.2% in response to preindustrial to present-day anthropogenic NOx emission increases, and decreased by 17.3 +/- 2.3 %, 7.6 +/- 1.5 %, and 3.1 +/- 3.0% due to methane burden, and anthropogenic CO, and NMVOC emissions increases, respectively. C1 [Naik, V.] UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Fiore, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, A. M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Horowitz, L. W.; Lin, M.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lin, M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Prather, M. J.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Collins, W. J.; Folberth, G. A.; Rumbold, S. T.] Hadley Ctr Climate Predict, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dalsoren, S. B.; Skeie, R.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Doherty, R.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Eyring, V.; Righi, M.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.; Shindell, D. T.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Josse, B.] CNRS, GAME CNRM, Meteofrance, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [van Noije, T. P. C.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Szopa, S.] LSCE CEA CNRS UVSQ IPSL, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Paris, France. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. RP Naik, V (reprint author), UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM vaishali.naik@noaa.gov RI Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011 OI Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627 FU Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP); World Climate Research Program (WCRP); US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Norwegian Research Council; ENEA; DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal); NASA; NASA MAP program; NASA ACMAP program; DECC [GA01101]; Defra [GA01101]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme FX ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data.; For CESM-CAM-superfast, DB and PC were funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; The CICERO-OSloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and Earth-Clim funded by the Norwegian Research Council.; For EMAC, the work of VE and MR was funded by the DLR Earth System Model Validation (ESMVal) project and used the supercomputing resources of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ) and the Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ), and the work of IC was funded by the ENEA National Integrated Model to support the international negotiation on atmospheric pollution (Minni) project.; The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division.; AV, DTS and YHL acknowledge support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs.; For HadGEM2, WJC, GAF, and STR were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101).; The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.; The CESM project, including NCAR-CAM3.5, is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.; The STOC-HadAM3 work made use of the facilities of HECToR, the UK's national high-performance computing service which is funded by the Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme. NR 107 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 5 U2 90 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 5277 EP 5298 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5277-2013 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LK UT WOS:000319749400014 ER PT J AU Fry, MM Schwarzkopf, MD Adelman, Z Naik, V Collins, WJ West, JJ AF Fry, M. M. Schwarzkopf, M. D. Adelman, Z. Naik, V. Collins, W. J. West, J. J. TI Net radiative forcing and air quality responses to regional CO emission reductions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; RANGE OZONE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NEAR-TERM; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL AB Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions influence global and regional air quality and global climate change by affecting atmospheric oxidants and secondary species. We simulate the influence of halving anthropogenic CO emissions globally and individually from 10 regions on surface and tropospheric ozone, methane, and aerosol concentrations using a global chemical transport model (MOZART-4 for the year 2005). Net radiative forcing (RF) is then estimated using the GFDL (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory) standalone radiative transfer model. We estimate that halving global CO emissions decreases global annual average concentrations of surface ozone by 0.45 ppbv, tropospheric methane by 73 ppbv, and global annual net RF by 36.1 mW m(-2), nearly equal to the sum of changes from the 10 regional reductions. Global annual net RF per unit change in emissions and the 100 yr global warming potential (GWP(100)) are estimated as -0.124 mW m(-2) (Tg CO)(-1) and 1.34, respectively, for the global CO reduction, and ranging from -0.115 to -0.131 mW m(-2) (Tg CO)(-1) and 1.26 to 1.44 across 10 regions, with the greatest sensitivities for regions in the tropics. The net RF distributions show widespread cooling corresponding to the O-3 and CH4 decreases, and localized positive and negative net RFs due to changes in aerosols. The strongest annual net RF impacts occur within the tropics (28 degrees S-28 degrees N) followed by the northern midlatitudes (28 degrees N-60 degrees N), independent of reduction region, while the greatest changes in surface CO and ozone concentrations occur within the reduction region. Some regional reductions strongly influence the air quality in other regions, such as East Asia, which has an impact on US surface ozone that is 93% of that from North America. Changes in the transport of CO and downwind ozone production clearly exceed the direct export of ozone from each reduction region. The small variation in CO GWPs among world regions suggests that future international climate agreements could adopt a globally uniform metric for CO with little error, or could use different GWPs for each continent. Doing so may increase the incentive to reduce CO through coordinated policies addressing climate and air quality. C1 [Fry, M. M.; Adelman, Z.; West, J. J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Schwarzkopf, M. D.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Naik, V.] UCAR NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Collins, W. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 FU US EPA under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program; US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards; UNC Junior Faculty Development award FX This research has been funded by the US EPA under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program (M. Fry), by the US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, and by a UNC Junior Faculty Development award (J. J. West). EPA has not officially endorsed this report, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of EPA. We thank L. Emmons (UCAR) for observation comparison tools, L. Emmons and S. Walters (UCAR) for MOZART-4 guidance, and P. Dolwick and C. Jang (US EPA). NR 83 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 10 BP 5381 EP 5399 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5381-2013 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 155LK UT WOS:000319749400021 ER PT J AU Morrill, C LeGrande, AN Renssen, H Bakker, P Otto-Bliesner, BL AF Morrill, C. LeGrande, A. N. Renssen, H. Bakker, P. Otto-Bliesner, B. L. TI Model sensitivity to North Atlantic freshwater forcing at 8.2 ka SO CLIMATE OF THE PAST LA English DT Article ID ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; GLACIAL LAKE AGASSIZ; GREENLAND ICE CORES; COLD EVENT; HOLOCENE CLIMATE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; LABRADOR SEA; DEEP-OCEAN; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AB We compared four simulations of the 8.2 ka event to assess climate model sensitivity and skill in responding to North Atlantic freshwater perturbations. All of the simulations used the same freshwater forcing, 2.5 Sv for one year, applied to either the Hudson Bay (northeastern Canada) or Labrador Sea (between Canada's Labrador coast and Greenland). This freshwater pulse induced a decadal-mean slowdown of 10-25% in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) of the models and caused a large-scale pattern of climate anomalies that matched proxy evidence for cooling in the Northern Hemisphere and a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The multi-model ensemble generated temperature anomalies that were just half as large as those from quantitative proxy reconstructions, however. Also, the duration of AMOC and climate anomalies in three of the simulations was only several decades, significantly shorter than the duration of similar to 150 yr in the paleoclimate record. Possible reasons for these discrepancies include incorrect representation of the early Holocene climate and ocean state in the North Atlantic and uncertainties in the freshwater forcing estimates. C1 [Morrill, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [LeGrande, A. N.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [LeGrande, A. N.] Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Renssen, H.; Bakker, P.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Earth Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Otto-Bliesner, B. L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Morrill, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carrie.morrill@colorado.edu OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 FU U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [ARC-0713951, ARC-0713971]; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL); European Union [243908] FX We thank Lauren Gregoire and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments. Funding for the CCSM simulations was provided by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, to CM (ARC-0713951) and BLO-B (ARC-0713971), and supercomputer time was provided by a grant from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Computational Information Systems Laboratory (CISL). CM and BLO-B thank Nan Rosenbloom for running the CCSMall simulations, Ellen Ward for assistance with figures, and Esther Brady and Amy Wagner for helpful discussions. ANL thanks NASA GISS for institutional support. This is Past4Future contribution no. 37. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no 243908, "Past4Future. Climate change - Learning from the past climate." NR 72 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 30 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1814-9324 J9 CLIM PAST JI Clim. Past. PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 955 EP 968 DI 10.5194/cp-9-955-2013 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 156RU UT WOS:000319840900004 ER PT J AU Ralston, S Sakuma, KM Field, JC AF Ralston, S. Sakuma, K. M. Field, J. C. TI Interannual variation in pelagic juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) abundance - going with the flow SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE pelagic juvenile rockfish; pre-recruit survey; reproductive success; sea level anomalies; Sebastes; upwelling ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE CONDITIONS; LARVAL PRODUCTION; CLASS STRENGTH; REGIME SHIFTS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; BLUE ROCKFISH AB We report results from 28yr of a midwater trawl survey of pelagic juvenile rockfish (Sebastes spp.) conducted off the central California coast. The fishery-independent survey is designed to provide pre-recruit indices of abundance for use in groundfish stock assessments. Standardized catch rate time series for 10 species were developed from delta-generalized linear models that include main effects for year, station, and calendar date. Results show that interannual fluctuations of all 10 species are strongly coherent but highly variable, demonstrating both high- and low-frequency components. A similarly coherent result is observed in the size composition of fish, with large fish associated with elevated catch rates. In contrast, spatial and seasonal patterns of abundance show greater species-specific differences. A comparison of the shared common trend in pelagic juvenile rockfish abundance, derived from principal components analysis, with recruitments from five rockfish stock assessments shows that the time series are significantly correlated. An examination of oceanographic factors associated with year-to-year variability indicates that a signature of upwelled water at the time of the survey is only weakly related to abundance. Likewise, basin-scale indices (the Multivariate El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and the Northern Oscillation Index) are poorly correlated with abundance. In contrast, sea level anomalies in the months preceding the survey are well correlated with reproductive success. In particular, equatorward anomalies in the alongshore flow field following the spawning season are associated with elevated survival and poleward anomalies with poor survival. C1 [Ralston, S.; Sakuma, K. M.; Field, J. C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ralston, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM steve.ralston@noaa.gov NR 88 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 288 EP 308 DI 10.1111/fog.12022 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 157DM UT WOS:000319876000003 ER PT J AU Basilone, G Bonanno, A Patti, B Mazzola, S Barra, M Cuttitta, A Mcbride, R AF Basilone, G. Bonanno, A. Patti, B. Mazzola, S. Barra, M. Cuttitta, A. Mcbride, R. TI Spawning site selection by European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in relation to oceanographic conditions in the Strait of Sicily SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE anchovy; Strait of Sicily; successful spawning site; surface circulation ID NW MEDITERRANEAN SEA; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; HABITAT CONDITIONS; CHANNEL ANCHOVY; ENVIRONMENT; BISCAY; LARVAE; FISH; BAY; RECRUITMENT AB European anchovy egg occurrence and density data from summer surveys (1998-2007) and oceanographic data were examined to study the mechanisms that control the spatial distribution of anchovy spawning habitat in the Strait of Sicily. Quotient analysis indicated habitat preference for temperature (18-19 degrees C), bottom depth (50-100m), water column stability (13-14 cycle h-1), fluorescence (0.10-0.15gm-3 Chl a), salinity (37.5-37.6 PSU), current speed (0.20-0.25m s-1) and density (26.7-26.8kgm-3,sigma t). Canonical discriminant analysis identified temperature, column stability and fluorescence as major drivers of anchovy spawning habitat. Three of the 4years which had lower egg abundance were warmer years, with low values of primary productivity. A geostrophic current flowing through the Strait (the Atlantic Ionic Stream, AIS) was confirmed as the main source of environmental variability in structuring the anchovy spawning ground by its influence on both the oceanography and distribution of anchovy eggs. This 10-yr data series demonstrates recurrent but also variable patterns of oceanographic flows and egg distribution. A lack of freshwater flow in this area appears to depress productivity in the region, but certain and variable combinations of environmental conditions can elevate production in some sub-areas in most years or other sub-areas in fewer years. These temporal and spatial patterns are consistent with an ocean triad theory postulating that processes of oceanographic enrichment, concentration, and retention may help predict fishery yields. C1 [Basilone, G.] CNR Natl Res Council Italy, IAMC Inst Marine & Coastal Environm UO Mazara, Mazara Del Vallo, Italy. [Bonanno, A.; Patti, B.; Mazzola, S.; Barra, M.; Cuttitta, A.] CNR Natl Res Council Italy, IAMC Inst Marine & Coastal Environm UO Capo Grani, Campobello Di Mazara, Italy. [Mcbride, R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Basilone, G (reprint author), CNR Natl Res Council Italy, IAMC Inst Marine & Coastal Environm UO Mazara, Via L Vaccara 61, Mazara Del Vallo, Italy. EM gualtiero.basilone@iamc.cnr.it RI Bonanno, Angelo/H-9025-2013; McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012; Basilone, Gualtiero/D-2896-2017; OI Bonanno, Angelo/0000-0002-3868-751X; Basilone, Gualtiero/0000-0002-5732-5055; Mazzola, Salvatore/0000-0002-4622-8129 FU COST Action [FA0601] FX We thank the following people and groups for their assistance: the technicians of the laboratories of IAMC-CNR U.O.S Capo Granitola for their help with ichthyoplanktonic sorting; the NAFO Working Group on Reproductive Potential, together with the project coordinator Francisco Saborido-Rey, for discussions on fish spawning strategies and support to G. B. from the COST Action FA0601 'Fish Reproduction and Fisheries' (FRESH); J. Hare for comments on an earlier draft; the Captains and crew of the CNR R/V Urania for their collaboration and assistance during the oceanographic surveys. NR 62 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 309 EP 323 DI 10.1111/fog.12024 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 157DM UT WOS:000319876000004 ER PT J AU Reum, JCP Essington, TE Greene, CM Rice, CA Polte, P Fresh, KL AF Reum, Jonathan C. P. Essington, Timothy E. Greene, Correigh M. Rice, Casimir A. Polte, Patrick Fresh, Kurt L. TI Biotic and abiotic controls on body size during critical life history stages of a pelagic fish, Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE density dependence; habitat selection; Pacific herring; Puget Sound; spatial distribution ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; JUVENILE RED DRUM; HARENGUS-PALLASI; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; ATLANTIC COD; ST-LAWRENCE; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; DENSITY; TEMPERATURE AB Variation in growth and body size during critical life history stages can have important implications for life history schedules and survivorship. For Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), there is still debate as to whether juvenile body size is governed by density-dependent or -independent processes and few have evaluated whether the relative importance of either process shifts over the course of early ontogeny. We used a unique data set consisting of seasonal measurements of abundance, body size, and spatial distribution within a semi-enclosed basin of Puget Sound (Washington State, U.S.A.) to measure the relative importance of temperature and cohort abundance on body size at distinct time periods, and evaluated whether density-dependent habitat shifts might be responsible for density-dependent growth. Over the 9years of sampling (2001-2010) midsummer body size was positively related to temperatures experienced during the egg/yolk sac and larval stages and unrelated to cohort abundance. However, fall body size was negatively correlated with abundance and uncorrelated with both midsummer body size and temperature, indicating a shift from density-independent to density-dependent control over the course of the growing season. Thus, density-dependent effects may supplant density-independent effects exhibited early in herring life history. Our data on spatial distributions of herring and their zooplankton prey indicate that density-dependent reductions in growth may be explained by density-dependent habitat shifts that lead to reduce overlap of herring with zooplankton. Evidence of density-dependent growth in marine fish populations is often attributed to exploitative competition, but our results suggest that these patterns may partly be mediated by density-dependent distribution expansions in to prey-poor habitat. C1 [Reum, Jonathan C. P.; Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Greene, Correigh M.; Rice, Casimir A.; Fresh, Kurt L.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Polte, Patrick] Thunen Inst Balt Sea Fisheries, D-18069 Rostock, Germany. RP Reum, JCP (reprint author), NOAA, Div Conservat Biol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jonathan.reum@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries; Washington State Department of Ecology's Intensively Monitored Watersheds Program; University of Washington Climate Impacts Group FX Fish collection was funded by NOAA Fisheries and the Washington State Department of Ecology's Intensively Monitored Watersheds Program. Data were conducted by the NOAA Fisheries' Northwest Fisheries Science Center with additional planning, logistical and staff support provided by the USGS Western Fisheries Research Center and the Skagit River System Cooperative. We are particularly grateful for the field contributions of J. Chamberlin, N. Alder, A. Hall, J. Hall, A. Kagley, J. King, D. Lomax, W. Mowitt, P. Plesha, and D. Rudy. N. Mantua and D. Schindler provided comments that improved earlier versions of this manuscript. J. C. P. R. was supported by funding from the University of Washington Climate Impacts Group. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 8 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2013 VL 22 IS 4 BP 324 EP 336 DI 10.1111/fog.12025 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 157DM UT WOS:000319876000005 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY Puma, MJ Cook, BI AF Krakauer, N. Y. Puma, M. J. Cook, B. I. TI Impacts of soil-aquifer heat and water fluxes on simulated global climate SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE SCHEME; GISS MODELE; IN-SITU; GROUNDWATER CONTRIBUTION; COMMUNITY LAND; MOISTURE; IRRIGATION; ROOTS; TABLE; DEEP AB Climate models have traditionally only represented heat and water fluxes within relatively shallow soil layers, but there is increasing interest in the possible role of heat and water exchanges with the deeper subsurface. Here, we integrate an idealized 50m deep aquifer into the land surface module of the GISS ModelE general circulation model to test the influence of aquifer-soil moisture and heat exchanges on climate variables. We evaluate the impact on the modeled climate of aquifer-soil heat and water fluxes separately, as well as in combination. The addition of the aquifer to ModelE has limited impact on annual-mean climate, with little change in global mean land temperature, precipitation, or evaporation. The seasonal amplitude of deep soil temperature is strongly damped by the soil-aquifer heat flux. This not only improves the model representation of permafrost area but propagates to the surface, resulting in an increase in the seasonal amplitude of surface air temperature of >1K in the Arctic. The soil-aquifer water and heat fluxes both slightly decrease interannual variability in soil moisture and in landsurface temperature, and decrease the soil moisture memory of the land surface on seasonal to annual timescales. The results of this experiment suggest that deepening the modeled land surface, compared to modeling only a shallower soil column with a no-flux bottom boundary condition, has limited impact on mean climate but does affect seasonality and interannual persistence. C1 [Krakauer, N. Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY USA. [Krakauer, N. Y.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY USA. [Puma, M. J.; Cook, B. I.] NASA Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY USA. EM nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu RI Cook, Benjamin/H-2265-2012 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084] FX This study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grants NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004 and NA12OAR4310084. The statements contained in this article are not the opinions of the funding agency or government, but reflect the views of the authors. NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2013 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1963 EP 1974 DI 10.5194/hess-17-1963-2013 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA 156XM UT WOS:000319857200019 ER PT J AU Holland, DS Kitts, AW da Silva, PP Wiersma, J AF Holland, Daniel S. Kitts, Andrew W. da Silva, Patricia Pinto Wiersma, Joshua TI Social Capital and the Success of Harvest Cooperatives in the New England Groundfish Fishery SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Social capital; cooperatives; co-management; fishery ID MANAGEMENT; GOVERNANCE; RESOURCES AB In May of 2010 a new management system based on harvest cooperatives called "sectors" was implemented in the U.S. Northeast Multispecies Groundfish Fishery. Sectors are self-organized, self-managed groups of fishermen that receive annual catch entitlements. We hypothesize that the success and longevity of these sectors is likely to depend, in part, on the relationships amongst the members including their degree of trust and ability to collaborate. The value of these relationships and the ability to cooperate is commonly referred to as social capital. Prior to the implementation of the new sector system, we conducted a survey to derive baseline measures of social capital for individual groundfish permit holders and sectors. We construct indices of bonding, bridging and linking social capital, information sharing, and trust. We explore correlations between these social capital indices, characteristic of the vessels in the sectors, and various measures of economic performance of sectors. C1 [Holland, Daniel S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Kitts, Andrew W.; da Silva, Patricia Pinto] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Holland, DS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM dan.holland@noaa.gov; Andrew.kitts@noaa.gov; patricia.pinto.da.silva@noaa.gov; josh.wiersma@gmail.com NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 22 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 133 EP 153 PG 21 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 160UR UT WOS:000320146500002 ER PT J AU Larson, DM Lew, DK AF Larson, Douglas M. Lew, Daniel K. TI How Do Harvest Rates Affect Angler Trip Patterns? SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Recreation demand; recreational fishing; harvest rates; repeated mixed logit; Alaska ID RECREATION DEMAND MODELS; NESTED-LOGIT MODEL; SITE CHARACTERISTICS; MEASUREMENT ERROR; CHOICE; PARTICIPATION; SALMON AB Incorporating catch or harvest rate information in repeated-choice recreation fishing demand models is challenging, since multiple sources of information may be available and detail on how harvest rates change within a season is often lacking This article develops a theoretically consistent harvest expectations repeated mixed logit angling demand model that can be used to evaluate the contributions made by different sources of information in predicting observed patterns of fishery participation and trip frequency In an application to saltwater salmon fishing in Alaska, we find that both of the two available harvest rate information sources contribute to better predictions and should be used. In addition, information on whether a species is being targeted makes a significant improvement to model performance. Model tests indicate that non-targeted species have a significant marginal utility and it is different from the marginal utility of targeted species. The median value of a fishing choice occasion is approximately $49 per angler which translates to a season of fishing being valued at a little over $2,400 at the median per angler C1 [Larson, Douglas M.; Lew, Daniel K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lew, Daniel K.] NOAA, Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Larson, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Agr & Resource Econ, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM dmlarson@ucdavis.edu; Dan.Lew@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 155 EP 173 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 160UR UT WOS:000320146500003 ER PT J AU Anderson, LE Lee, ST AF Anderson, Leif E. Lee, S. Todd TI Untangling the Recreational Value of Wild and Hatchery Salmon SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Discrete choice experiment; Pacific salmon; recreational fishing; hatchery; willingness to pay ID CONTINGENT VALUATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; SITE CHOICE; MODEL; MANAGEMENT; PROGRAMS; BENEFITS; FISHERY; RIVER AB Many Pacific salmon populations have declined to levels that have prompted their listing under the Endangered Species Act. In order to protect these populations and provide harvest opportunities for recreational anglers, the fishery is often managed with separate regulations for wild and hatchery salmon. This article examines how the value of recreational fishing is affected by changes in wild and hatchery salmon regulations and catch rates in the Northwest region of the US. Using a discrete choice experiment, we estimate saltwater fishing trip preferences. We integrate the estimated preferences with auxiliary creel data in order to conduct simulations of willingness to pay that vary in bag limits and catch rates, conditioning on current fishery conditions. We find statistically significant differences between the recreational values for wild and hatchey salmon, and our simulations highlight the fact that these differences depend on baseline levels of catch rates and bag limits. C1 [Anderson, Leif E.; Lee, S. Todd] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Anderson, LE (reprint author), NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM leif.ander-son@noaa.gov; todd.lee@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 19 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2013 VL 28 IS 2 BP 175 EP 197 PG 23 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 160UR UT WOS:000320146500004 ER PT J AU Lee, SM Tsai, DH Hackley, VA Brechbiel, MW Cook, RF AF Lee, Sang-Min Tsai, De-Hao Hackley, Vincent A. Brechbiel, Martin W. Cook, Robert F. TI Surface-engineered nanomaterials as X-ray absorbing adjuvant agents for Auger-mediated chemo-radiation SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID COATED GOLD NANOPARTICLES; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; LOW-ENERGY; CANCER; DELIVERY; PH; ENHANCEMENT; ADSORPTION; COMPLEXES; ELECTRONS AB We report a prototype approach to formulate gold nanoparticle-based X-ray absorbing agents through surface-engineering of a cisplatin pharmacophore with modified polyacrylate. The resulting agents exhibit both chemo-therapeutic potency to cancer cells and Auger-mediated secondary electron emission, showing great potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of chemo-radiation. C1 [Lee, Sang-Min; Tsai, De-Hao; Hackley, Vincent A.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Sang-Min; Brechbiel, Martin W.] NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Cook, RF (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.cook@nist.gov OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU National Research Council; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Institutes of Health (NIH) FX This work was performed while S.-M. Lee held a National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Fellowship jointly with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and National Institutes of Health (NIH). The authors thank Drs Jacek Capala and Kwon Joong Yong at NIH, Dr Tae Joon Cho for internal review at NIST, and Dr Jiwen Zheng at the Food and Drug Administration for TEM analyses. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 12 BP 5252 EP 5256 DI 10.1039/c3nr00333g PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 155NX UT WOS:000319756200009 PM 23657262 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Cho, TJ Elzey, SR Gigault, JC Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Cho, Tae Joon Elzey, Sherrie R. Gigault, Julien C. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Quantitative analysis of dendron-conjugated cisplatin-complexed gold nanoparticles using scanning particle mobility mass spectrometry SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID THERAPEUTICS; PARADIGM; DELIVERY; CANCER AB We report a high-resolution and traceable method to quantify the drug loading on nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics, and demonstrate this method using a model cisplatin functionalized dendron-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugate. Electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA) provides upstream size classification based on the electrical mobility of AuNP conjugates in aerosol form following electrospray conversion from the aqueous suspension. A condensation particle counter (CPC) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) provide the principal downstream quantification. CPC and ICP-MS yield complementary number-based and elemental mass-based particle size distributions, respectively. Conjugation using three different dendron formulations was differentiated based on changes in the mean mobility particle size. The subsequent cisplatin complexation to the dendron conjugates was quantified by coupling ES-DMA with ICP-MS. Discrete AuNP clusters (e. g., dimers, trimers) could be resolved from the relative quantity of atoms (i.e., Au and Pt) per particle after separation by ES-DMA. Surface density of cisplatin on Au was shown to be proportional to the density of carboxylic groups present and was independent of the state of AuNP clustering. Additionally, we found that colloidal stability of the conjugate is inversely proportional to the surface loading of cisplatin. This study demonstrates a prototype methodology to provide traceable quantification and to determine other important formulation factors relevant to therapeutic performance. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Cho, Tae Joon; Elzey, Sherrie R.; Gigault, Julien C.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX This research was performed while S.E. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. The authors thank Drs Mindong Li and Yonggao Yan at NIST for their help with developing the customized DMA control program. The authors thank Drs Richard Gates, Michael Zachariah, Michael Winchester, Lee Yu, Robert Cook, Jingyu Liu, and Sang Min Lee at NIST for helpful discussions and manuscript review. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2013 VL 5 IS 12 BP 5390 EP 5395 DI 10.1039/c3nr00543g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 155NX UT WOS:000319756200032 PM 23657543 ER PT S AU Froyd, KD AF Froyd, Karl D. BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI An Assessment of Atmospheric Nucleation Mechanisms using Accurate Cluster Thermodynamics SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn, Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Ion-induced nucleation; Gas phase nucleation; Cluster thermodynamics ID SULFURIC-ACID; H2SO4; WATER; IONS; H2O AB The goal of this work is to summarize the viability of several atmospheric chemical systems to generate atmospheric nanoparticles using accurate thermodynamic stabilities of molecular clusters. Positive ion, negative ion, and neutral cluster systems comprised of sulfuric acid and water, with and without ammonia, are considered. Step-wise association reaction energies are determined starting from bare monomers and continuing up through stable nanoparticles. For the smallest clusters, where thermodynamics most strongly influence the nucleation potential, association reaction energies are determined using experimental measurements and selected quantum chemical calculations from literature. Large, bulk-like nanoparticle energies are calculated using classical theory. Energies for the intermediate transitional clusters are determined by connecting the two approaches with globally consistent functions. The growth of molecular clusters into nanoparticles becomes thermodynamically favorable when the free energy surface contains a growth trajectory that has little or no uphill step, i.e., no energetic barrier to nucleation. Barrier heights, critical cluster compositions, and the overall potential for nucleation vary enormously between systems and as a function of precursor concentrations and temperature. Most of the binary and ternary mechanisms considered here achieve barrierless growth under conditions relevant to some region of the troposphere. Gaps and uncertainties in the thermodynamic database are addressed, and the need for future experimental and theoretical studies is discussed. C1 [Froyd, Karl D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Froyd, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1063/1.4803240 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400050 ER PT S AU Stevens, R Lonsdale, C Brock, C Makar, P Knipping, E Reed, M Crawford, J Holloway, J Ryerson, T Huey, LG Nowak, J Pierce, J AF Stevens, Robin Lonsdale, Chantelle Brock, Charles Makar, Paul Knipping, Eladio Reed, Molly Crawford, James Holloway, John Ryerson, Tim Huey, L. Greg Nowak, John Pierce, Jeffrey BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Aerosol Nucleation in Coal-Fired Power-Plant Plumes SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE nucleation; aerosol; cloud condensation nuclei; sulfate; boundary layer; pollution AB New-particle nucleation within coal-fired power-plant plumes can have large effects on particle number concentrations, particularly near source regions, with implications for human health and climate. In order to resolve the formation and growth of particles in these plumes, we have integrated TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics in the System for Atmospheric Modelling (SAM), a large-eddy simulation/cloud-resolving model (LES/CRM). We have evaluated this model against aircraft observations for three case studies, and the model reproduces well the major features of each case. Using this model, we have shown that meteorology and background aerosol concentrations can have strong effects on new-particle formation and growth in coal-fired power-plant plumes, even if emissions are held constant. We subsequently used the model to evaluate the effects of SO2 and NOx pollution controls on newparticle formation in coal-fired power-plant plumes. We found that strong reductions in NOx emissions without concurrent reductions in SO2 emissions may increase new-particle formation, due to increases in OH formation within the plume. We predicted the change in new-particle formation due to changes in emissions between 1997 and 2010 for 330 coal-fired power plants in the US, and we found a median decrease of 19% in new-particle formation. However, the magnitude and sign of the aerosol changes depend greatly on the relative reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions in each plant. More extensive plume measurements for a range of emissions of SO2 and NOx and in varying background aerosol conditions are needed, however, to better quantify these effects. C1 [Stevens, Robin; Pierce, Jeffrey] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Lonsdale, Chantelle] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Geosci, Amherst, MA USA. [Brock, Charles; Ryerson, Tim; Nowak, John] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Makar, Paul] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Knipping, Eladio] Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Reed, Molly] Tennessee Technol Univ, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. [Crawford, James] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Huey, L. Greg] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atom Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nowak, John] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pierce, Jeffrey] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atom Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Stevens, R (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. RI Pierce, Jeffrey/E-4681-2013; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011 OI Pierce, Jeffrey/0000-0002-4241-838X; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668 FU Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) FX This research was funded by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). We would like to thank Marat Khairoutdinov of the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, for access to and help with the System for Atmospheric Modeling. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 417 EP 420 DI 10.1063/1.4803292 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400102 ER PT S AU Kalafut-Pettibone, AJ Klems, JP McGivern, WS AF Kalafut-Pettibone, Alicia J. Klems, Joseph P. McGivern, W. Sean BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI High Performance Liquid Chromatography Study of Complex Oxygenated Alkane Mixtures from Organic Aerosols SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn, Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Aerosol Composition; Oxygenated Alkanes; Derivatization AB The composition of secondary organic aerosol particles is of primary importance both in identifying particle sources and in determining physical parameters, such as cloud condensation nucleus propensity. Further, measurements of composition are valuable in determining the chemistry of formation and aging. In this work, we describe the application of a recently-developed derivatization technique to a complex synthetic organic aerosol derived from the photolysis of 1-iodooctane. The technique utilizes high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to both ultraviolet-visible (UV/VIS) spectroscopy and tandem mass spectrometry (MS-MS) to determine the overall distribution of hydroxyl (OH), non-acid carbonyl (C=O), and carboxylic acid (COOH) moieties as well as the specific identities of chromatographically separated products. This composition data will then be used to constrain models of the particle formation mechanisms. C1 [Kalafut-Pettibone, Alicia J.; Klems, Joseph P.; McGivern, W. Sean] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kalafut-Pettibone, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1063/1.4803301 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400111 ER PT S AU Frossard, AA Russell, LM Keene, WC Kieber, DJ Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Frossard, Amanda A. Russell, Lynn M. Keene, William C. Kieber, David J. Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Regional Signatures in the Organic Composition of Marine Aerosol Particles SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Atmospheric Aerosol; Marine Aerosol; Organic Composition; FTIR spectroscopy ID ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES AB Marine aerosol particles play an important role in the earth's radiative balance, yet the sources and composition of the organic fraction remain largely unconstrained. Recent measurements have been made in order to characterize the sources, composition, and concentration of aerosol particles in the marine boundary layer. The organic composition of submicron particles derived from multiple seawater regions have been measured using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Cluster analysis of FTIR organic spectra suggest different spectral signatures based on collection location, seawater composition, and ambient conditions. Measurements including non-refractory aerosol composition from a high-resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), seawater composition, and wind speed were used to interpret the cluster results, depending on the availability from each campaign. FTIR spectra of ambient particles are compared to FTIR spectra of primary marine particles generated from model ocean systems to infer the ambient particle production mechanisms and aging processes. Recent measurements used in the comparison include ambient and generated marine aerosol particles measured off the coast of California during CalNex in May and June 2010. Remote ambient marine aerosol particles were collected 100 miles off the coast of Monterey in the eastern Pacific during the EPEACE experiment in July 2011. Ambient and generated marine particles were measured in two different seawater types during WACS 2012 including colder, more productive water off the coast of the northeastern United States and warmer, oligotrophic water in the Sargasso Sea. These particles are also compared with those measured in the southeastern Pacific during VOCALS and the north Atlantic during ICEALOT. C1 [Frossard, Amanda A.; Russell, Lynn M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Keene, William C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kieber, David J.] State Univ New York, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Frossard, AA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NSF [OCE-0948252] FX The authors thank the scientists and crew of the R/V Ronald Brown, Point Sur, and Atlantis for their support in the field and NSF grant OCE-0948252 for funding. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 543 EP 546 DI 10.1063/1.4803328 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400136 ER PT S AU Bullard, RL Stanier, CO Ogren, JA Sheridan, PJ AF Bullard, Robert L. Stanier, Charles O. Ogren, John A. Sheridan, Patrick J. BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Determination of Seasonal, Diurnal, and Height Resolved Average Number Concentration in a Pollution Impacted Rural Continental Location SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE vertical profile; long term measurements; continental nucleation ID MIDWESTERN UNITED-STATES; PARTICLE FORMATION; SECONDARY CONTRIBUTIONS; AIRCRAFT; CAMPAIGN; EUROPE AB The impact of aerosols on Earth's radiation balance and the associated climate forcing effects of aerosols represent significant uncertainties in assessment reports. The main source of ultrafine aerosols in the atmosphere is the nucleation and subsequent growth of gas phase aerosol precursors into liquid or solid phase particles. Long term records of aerosol number, nucleation event frequency, and vertical profiles of number concentration are rare. The data record from multiagency monitoring assets at Bondville, IL can contribute important information on long term and vertically resolved patterns. Although particle number size distribution data are only occasionally available at Bondville, highly time-resolved particle number concentration data have been measured for nearly twenty years by the NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division. Furthermore, vertically-resolved aerosol counts and other aerosol physical parameters are available from more than 300 flights of the NOAA Airborne Aerosol Observatory (AAO). These data sources are used to better understand the seasonal, diurnal, and vertical variation and trends in atmospheric aerosols. The highest peaks in condensation nuclei greater than 14 nm occur during the spring months (May, April) with slightly lower peaks during the fall months (September, October). The diurnal pattern of aerosol number has a midday peak and the timing of the peak has seasonal patterns (earlier during warm months and later during colder months). The seasonal and diurnal patterns of high particle number peaks correspond to seasons and times of day associated with low aerosol mass and surface area. Average vertical profiles show a nearly monotonic decrease with altitude in all months, and with peak magnitudes occurring in the spring and fall. Individual flight tracks show evidence of plumes (i.e., enhanced aerosol number is limited to a small altitude range, is not homogeneous horizontally, or both) as well as periods with enhanced particle number throughout the mixed layer. As primary sources of aerosols are unable to explain most of these phenomena, the observed features in ultrafine aerosols are strongly connected to secondary formation and growth. C1 [Bullard, Robert L.; Stanier, Charles O.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Seamans Ctr 4133, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Ogren, John A.; Sheridan, Patrick J.] Natl Ocean & Atomospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bullard, RL (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Seamans Ctr 4133, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Stanier, Charles/D-4307-2016 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Stanier, Charles/0000-0001-9924-0853 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 583 EP 586 DI 10.1063/1.4803338 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400146 ER PT S AU Feingold, G AF Feingold, Graham BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI How Resilient are Cloud Systems to Aerosol Perturbations? SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn, Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Aerosol; Clouds; Aerosol-Cloud Interactions; Climate Forcing ID PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; CUMULUS; CELLS AB For decades the aerosol and cloud communities have grappled with quantification of the radiative forcing of climate associated with aerosol-cloud interactions. To do so we have drawn on expertise in both communities and focused on process-level understanding of smaller components of the aerosol-cloud system. This approach has yielded major advances in the understanding of both aerosol and cloud physics. But we have been less successful at addressing the effects of aerosol perturbations on cloud systems, in which constant adjustments (feedbacks) can occur. We are confounded by the complexity of the adjustments, and the fact that they occur at a large range of spatiotemporal scales. Currently no climate model is able to address the full range of relevant scales and the processes are difficult to constrain with observations. In this overview we will look at the aerosol-cloud system as a dynamical, self-adjusting entity and attempt to address the question of the resilience of the system to aerosol perturbation. We will discuss physical processes that often result in smaller aerosol influences than expected, in spite of very large influence on cloud condensation nucleus concentrations. We will give examples of cloud systems that are relatively robust to aerosol perturbations, and contrast this with cases where the aerosol has locally strong effects, often through leveraging of mesoscale organization. We will highlight the important role that aerosol plays in sustaining cloud in the very clean marine boundary layer. Finally, we will consider the possibility that aerosol-cloud interactions might be amenable to parameterization in terms of their system-wide behavior, as opposed to the current bottom-up approach to parameterization. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Feingold, G (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 726 EP 731 DI 10.1063/1.4803373 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400181 ER PT S AU Raatikainen, T Nenes, A Seinfeld, JH Morales, R Moore, RH Lathem, TL Lance, S Padro, LT Lin, JJ Cerully, KM Bougiatioti, A Cozic, J Ruehl, C Chuang, PY Anderson, BE Flagan, RC Jonsson, H Mihalopoulos, N Smith, JN AF Raatikainen, T. Nenes, A. Seinfeld, J. H. Morales, R. Moore, R. H. Lathem, T. L. Lance, S. Padro, L. T. Lin, J. J. Cerully, K. M. Bougiatioti, A. Cozic, J. Ruehl, C. Chuang, P. Y. Anderson, B. E. Flagan, R. C. Jonsson, H. Mihalopoulos, N. Smith, J. N. BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Constraining the Water Vapor Uptake Coefficient in Ambient Cloud Droplet Formation SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Water uptake; kinetics; droplet formation ID SIZE-RESOLVED CCN; ACTIVATION KINETICS; GROWTH-KINETICS; HYGROSCOPICITY; AEROSOL; ENVIRONMENT; CHAMBER AB Cloud droplet formation depends on the condensation of water vapor on ambient aerosols, the rate of which is strongly affected by the condensation (or mass accommodation) coefficient, alpha(c). Estimates of alpha(c) for droplet growth from activation of ambient particles vary considerably and represent a critical source of uncertainty in estimates of global cloud droplet distributions and the aerosol indirect forcing of climate. An analysis of ten globally relevant data sets of cloud condensation nuclei is used to constrain alpha(c), and find that rapid activation kinetics (alpha(c) > 0.1) is uniformly prevalent. This means that uncertainty in water vapor accommodation on droplets is less than previously thought and resolves a long-standing issue in cloud physics. C1 [Raatikainen, T.; Nenes, A.; Morales, R.; Lathem, T. L.; Lance, S.; Lin, J. J.; Bougiatioti, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Raatikainen, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Nenes, A.; Moore, R. H.; Padro, L. T.; Cerully, K. M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.; Mihalopoulos, N.] Inst Chem Engn & High Temp Chem Proc, Fdn Res & Technol, Patras GR-71110, Greece. [Seinfeld, J. H.; Flagan, R. C.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.; Flagan, R. C.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Moore, R. H.; Anderson, B. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lathem, T. L.] Phillips Res Ctr 66, Bartlesville, OK 74003 USA. [Lance, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lance, S.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO 8030 USA. [Padro, L. T.] Tufts Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [Bougiatioti, A.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion GR-71003, Greece. [Cozic, J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cozic, J.] Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 Grenoble, France. [Ruehl, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chuang, P. Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Jonsson, H.] US Navy, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Raatikainen, T (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/H-5327-2016 OI Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-1282-0896 FU Finnish Cultural Foundation; Georgia Tech Institute Fellowships; NCAR ASP; NASA; DOE Global Change Education Fellowship; NASA ESS Fellowships; NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship; NSF; DOE; Electric Power Research Institute; NSF-CAREER; NOAA FX We acknowledge support from the Finnish Cultural Foundation, Georgia Tech Institute Fellowships, a NCAR ASP Graduate Fellowship, the NASA Graduate Student Researchers Program, a DOE Global Change Education Fellowship, NASA ESS Fellowships, a NASA Postdoctoral Fellowship, and a NSF Fellowship. Funding from the DOE, the Electric Power Research Institute, a NSF-CAREER award, NOAA and NASA is also acknowledged. We thank Dr. Xiaohong Liu for advice on using the CAM 5, Charles Brock from the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory and the NASA Langley LARGE research team. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 812 EP 816 DI 10.1063/1.4803395 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400203 ER PT S AU Froyd, KD Cziczo, DJ Hoose, C Jensen, EJ Diao, MH Zondlo, MA Smith, JB Twohy, CH Murphy, DM AF Froyd, Karl D. Cziczo, Daniel J. Hoose, Corinna Jensen, Eric J. Diao, Minghui Zondlo, Mark A. Smith, Jessica B. Twohy, Cynthia H. Murphy, Daniel M. BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Cirrus Cloud Formation and the Role of Heterogeneous Ice Nuclei SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn (NSF), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts DE Cirrus; Ice nucleation; Mineral dust AB Composition, size, and phase are key properties that define the ability of an aerosol particle to initiate ice in cirrus clouds. Properties of cirrus ice nuclei (IN) have not been well constrained due to a lack of systematic measurements in the upper troposphere. We have analyzed the size and composition of sublimated cirrus particles sampled from a high altitude research aircraft using both in situ and offline techniques. Mineral dust and metallic particles are the most enhanced residue types relative to background aerosol. Using a combination of cirrus residue composition, relative humidity, and cirrus particle concentration measurements, we infer that heterogeneous nucleation is a dominant cirrus formation mechanism for the mid-latitude, subtropical, and tropical regions under study. Other proposed heterogeneous IN including biomass burning particles, elemental carbon, and biological material were not abundant in cirrus residuals. C1 [Froyd, Karl D.; Murphy, Daniel M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Froyd, Karl D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cziczo, Daniel J.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Hoose, Corinna] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorolo & Climate Res Atmospher Aerosol Re, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Jensen, Eric J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Diao, Minghui; Zondlo, Mark A.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Smith, Jessica B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Twohy, Cynthia H.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Froyd, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Zondlo, Mark/R-6173-2016 OI Zondlo, Mark/0000-0003-2302-9554 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 976 EP 978 DI 10.1063/1.4803436 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400243 ER PT S AU Murphy, DM AF Murphy, Daniel M. BE DeMott, PJ ODowd, CD TI Ice Nucleation Processes in Cold Cirrus Clouds SO NUCLEATION AND ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols (ICNAA) CY JUN 23-28, 2013 CL Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts, Fort Collins, CO SP Comm Nucleat & Atmospher Aerosols (CNAA), Int Commiss Clouds & Precipitat (ICCP), Int Assoc Meteorol & Atmospher Sci (IAMAS), Int Union Geodesy & Geophys (IUGG), Natl Sci Fdn, Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Aerodyne Res Inc, Droplet Measurement Technologies, TSI Inc HO Colorado State Univ, Ctr Arts C1 NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Washington, DC USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Washington, DC USA. RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1152-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2013 VL 1527 BP 979 EP 979 DI 10.1063/1.4803437 PG 1 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BFG32 UT WOS:000319766400244 ER PT J AU He, T Wu, H Chen, J Zhou, W Wu, GT Xiong, ZT Zhang, T Chen, P AF He, Teng Wu, Hui Chen, Juner Zhou, Wei Wu, Guotao Xiong, Zhitao Zhang, Tao Chen, Ping TI Alkali and alkaline-earth metal borohydride hydrazinates: synthesis, structures and dehydrogenation SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL HYDROGEN STORAGE; HIGH-EXTENT DEHYDROGENATION; MAGNESIUM BOROHYDRIDE; LITHIUM BOROHYDRIDE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; COMPLEX HYDRIDES; DECOMPOSITION; LIBH4; AMIDOBORANES AB Four new borohydride hydrazinates, including NaBH4 center dot NH2NH2, LiBH4 center dot 1/2NH(2)NH(2), LiBH4 center dot 1/3NH(2)NH(2) and Mg(BH4)(2)center dot 3NH(2)NH(2), were synthesized. NaBH4 center dot NH2NH2 and Mg(BH4)(2)center dot 3NH(2)NH(2) possess monoclinic and trigonal structures, respectively, while LiBH4 center dot 1/2NH(2)NH(2) and LiBH4 center dot 1/3NH(2)NH(2) exhibit orthorhombic and monoclinic structures. The effects of composition on the dehydrogenation of hydrazinates were investigated. It is demonstrated that cations with high Pauling electronegativity hold hydrazine strongly in the vicinity of borohydride and result in direct dehydrogenation at elevated temperatures. Specifically, Mg(BH4)(2) hydrazinates can directly generate hydrogen upon heating it under a flow of Ar; on the other hand, the Li and Na counterparts lost part or all of the hydrazine components under the same condition. In addition, reducing NH2NH2 content in the complexes leads to improved dehydrogenation properties. Mechanistic investigation of Mg(BH4)(2) hydrazinates using isotopic labelling indicates that hydrogen desorption is via homogeneous dissociation of N-N bond of NH2NH2 followed by the establishment of B-N bond and combination of H-delta+ (N) and H delta- (B). C1 [He, Teng; Chen, Juner; Wu, Guotao; Xiong, Zhitao; Zhang, Tao; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, P (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, 457 Zhongshan Rd, Dalian, Peoples R China. EM pchen@dicp.ac.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Juner/D-2913-2015; OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Yang, Shuman/0000-0002-9638-0890 FU CAS [KJCX2-YW-H21]; 973 Project [2010CB631304]; National Natural Science foundation of China [51225206, U1232120, 10979051, 21273229] FX We would like to acknowledge the financial supports from the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS (KJCX2-YW-H21), 973 (2010CB631304) Project and National Natural Science foundation of China (51225206, U1232120, 10979051, 21273229). The authors wish to thank BL14B1 of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) for providing the beam time. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 47 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 25 BP 10487 EP 10493 DI 10.1039/c3cp51473k PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 158BJ UT WOS:000319943200053 PM 23681286 ER PT S AU Thirumalai, RVKG Krishnan, B Davydov, A Merrett, JN Koshka, Y AF Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G. Krishnan, Bharat Davydov, Albert Merrett, J. Neil Koshka, Yaroslav BE Lebedev, AA Davydov, SY Ivanov, PA Levinshtein, ME TI Vapor-phase catalyst delivery method for growing SiC nanowires SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2012 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 2012) CY SEP 02-06, 2012 CL Saint Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Nitride Crystals Grp, CREE Inc, Svetlana JSC, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Off Naval Res, Epitaxial Technol Ctr, LPE, Perfect Crystals, AIXTRON, Gen Elect, Dow Corn, Govt St Petersburg DE nanowires; epitaxial growth; CVD; chemical vapor deposition ID GROWTH AB A method was developed for growing SiC nanowires without depositing a metal catalyst on the targeted surfaces prior to the CVD growth. The proposed method utilizes in-situ vapor-phase catalyst delivery via sublimation of the catalyst from a metal source placed in the hot zone of the CVD reactor, followed by condensation of the catalyst-rich vapor on the bare substrate surface to form the catalyst nanoparticles. The vapor-phase catalyst delivery and the resulting nanowire density was found to be influenced by both the gas flow rate and the catalyst diffusion through the boundary layer above the catalyst source. The origin of undesirable bushes of nanowires and the role of the C/Si ratio were established. C1 [Thirumalai, Rooban Venkatesh K. G.; Krishnan, Bharat; Koshka, Yaroslav] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Davydov, Albert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Merrett, J. Neil] US Air Force, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. RP Koshka, Y (reprint author), Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. EM rk219@msstate.edu; bharat.kris@gmail.com; albert.davydov@nist.gov; Joseph.Merrett@wpafb.af.mil; ykoshka@ece.msstate.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2013 VL 740-742 BP 209 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.740-742.209 PG 2 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BFG56 UT WOS:000319785500050 ER PT S AU Ryu, S Capell, C Jonas, C O'Loughlin, M Cheng, L Lam, K Burk, A Richmond, J Clayton, J Hefner, A Grider, D Agarwal, A Palmour, J AF Ryu, S. Capell, C. Jonas, C. O'Loughlin, M. Cheng, L. Lam, K. Burk, A. Richmond, J. Clayton, J. Hefner, A. Grider, D. Agarwal, A. Palmour, J. BE Lebedev, AA Davydov, SY Ivanov, PA Levinshtein, ME TI 15 kV IGBTs in 4H-SiC SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2012 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ECSCRM 2012) CY SEP 02-06, 2012 CL Saint Petersburg, RUSSIA SP Nitride Crystals Grp, CREE Inc, Svetlana JSC, Russian Fdn Basic Res, Off Naval Res, Epitaxial Technol Ctr, LPE, Perfect Crystals, AIXTRON, Gen Elect, Dow Corn, Govt St Petersburg DE IGBT; High Voltage AB The latest developments in ultra high voltage 4H-SiC IGBTs are presented. A 4H-SiC P-IGBT, with a chip size of 8.4 mm x 8.4 mm and an active area of 0.32 cm(2), which is double the active area of the previously reported devices [1], exhibited a blocking voltage of 15 kV, while showing a room temperature differential specific on-resistance of 41 m Omega.cm(2) with a gate bias of -20 V. A 4H-SiC N-IGBT with the same area showed a blocking voltage of 17 kV, and demonstrated a room temperature differential specific on-resistance of 25.6 m Omega.cm(2) with a gate bias of 20 V. Field-Stop buffer layer design was used to control the charge injection from the backside. A comparison between N- and P- IGBTs, and the effects of different buffer designs, are presented. C1 [Ryu, S.; Capell, C.; Jonas, C.; O'Loughlin, M.; Cheng, L.; Lam, K.; Burk, A.; Richmond, J.; Clayton, J.; Grider, D.; Agarwal, A.; Palmour, J.] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27617 USA. [Hefner, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ryu, S (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27617 USA. EM sei-hyung_ryu@cree.com FU ARPA-E [DE-AR0000110] FX This work is supported by ARPA-E contract #DE-AR0000110, monitored by Dr. Rajeev Ram and Dr. Timothy Heidel. NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2013 VL 740-742 BP 954 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.740-742.954 PG 2 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BFG56 UT WOS:000319785500227 ER PT J AU Cohl, HS AF Cohl, Howard S. TI Fourier, Gegenbauer and Jacobi Expansions for a Power-Law Fundamental Solution of the Polyharmonic Equation and Polyspherical Addition Theorems SO SYMMETRY INTEGRABILITY AND GEOMETRY-METHODS AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fundamental solutions; polyharmonic equation; Jacobi polynomials; Gegenbauer polynomials; Chebyshev polynomials; eigenfunction expansions; separation of variables; addition theorems ID LIE-ALGEBRAS; CONTRACTIONS; SEPARATION; VARIABLES AB We develop complex Jacobi, Gegenbauer and Chebyshev polynomial expansions for the kernels associated with power-law fundamental solutions of the polyharmonic equationond-dimensional Euclidean space. From these series representations we derive Fourier expansions in certain rotationally-invariant coordinate systems and Gegenbauer polynomial expansions in Vilenkin's polyspherical coordinates. We compare both of these expansions to generate addition theorems for the azimuthal Fourier coefficients. C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cohl, HS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.cohl@nist.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCI UKRAINE, INST MATH PI KYIV 4 PA 3 TERESCHCHENKIV SKA ST, KYIV 4, 01601, UKRAINE SN 1815-0659 J9 SYMMETRY INTEGR GEOM JI Symmetry Integr. Geom. PY 2013 VL 9 AR 042 DI 10.3842/SIGMA.2013.042 PG 26 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 156YD UT WOS:000319859400001 ER PT J AU Bowman, KW Shindell, DT Worden, HM Lamarque, JF Young, PJ Stevenson, DS Qu, Z de la Torre, M Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, PJ Collins, WJ Doherty, R Dalsoren, SB Faluvegi, G Folberth, G Horowitz, LW Josse, BM Lee, YH MacKenzie, IA Myhre, G Nagashima, T Naik, V Plummer, DA Rumbold, ST Skeie, RB Strode, SA Sudo, K Szopa, S Voulgarakis, A Zeng, G Kulawik, SS Aghedo, AM Worden, JR AF Bowman, K. W. Shindell, D. T. Worden, H. M. Lamarque, J. F. Young, P. J. Stevenson, D. S. Qu, Z. de la Torre, M. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. J. Collins, W. J. Doherty, R. Dalsoren, S. B. Faluvegi, G. Folberth, G. Horowitz, L. W. Josse, B. M. Lee, Y. H. MacKenzie, I. A. Myhre, G. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Plummer, D. A. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. B. Strode, S. A. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Voulgarakis, A. Zeng, G. Kulawik, S. S. Aghedo, A. M. Worden, J. R. TI Evaluation of ACCMIP outgoing longwave radiation from tropospheric ozone using TES satellite observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; TROPICAL TROPOSPHERE; PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES; NADIR RETRIEVALS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; ZONAL STRUCTURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE AB We use simultaneous observations of tropospheric ozone and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) sensitivity to tropospheric ozone from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) to evaluate model tropospheric ozone and its effect on OLR simulated by a suite of chemistry-climate models that participated in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP). The ensemble mean of ACCMIP models show a persistent but modest tropospheric ozone low bias (5-20 ppb) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and modest high bias (5-10 ppb) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) relative to TES ozone for 2005-2010. These ozone biases have a significant impact on the OLR. Using TES instantaneous radiative kernels (IRK), we show that the ACCMIP ensemble mean tropospheric ozone low bias leads up to 120 mW m(-2) OLR high bias locally but zonally compensating errors reduce the global OLR high bias to 39 +/- 41 mW m(-2) relative to TES data. We show that there is a correlation (R-2 = 0.59) between the magnitude of the ACCMIP OLR bias and the deviation of the ACCMIP preindustrial to present day (1750-2010) ozone radiative forcing (RF) from the ensemble ozone RF mean. However, this correlation is driven primarily by models whose absolute OLR bias from tropospheric ozone exceeds 100 mW m(-2). Removing these models leads to a mean ozone radiative forcing of 394 +/- 42 mW m(-2). The mean is about the same and the standard deviation is about 30% lower than an ensemble ozone RF of 384 +/- 60 mW m(-2) derived from 14 of the 16 ACCMIP models reported in a companion ACCMIP study. These results point towards a profitable direction of combining satellite observations and chemistry-climate model simulations to reduce uncertainty in ozone radiative forcing. C1 [Bowman, K. W.; de la Torre, M.; Kulawik, S. S.; Worden, J. R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Lee, Y. H.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Worden, H. M.; Lamarque, J. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Stevenson, D. S.; Doherty, R.; MacKenzie, I. A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Qu, Z.] Raytheon Intelligence & Informat Syst, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Collins, W. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Dalsoren, S. B.; Myhre, G.; Skeie, R. B.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res, Oslo, Norway. [Folberth, G.; Rumbold, S. T.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Horowitz, L. W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Josse, B. M.] CNRS, GAME CNRM, Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Columbia, MD USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 90034 USA. [Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Aghedo, A. M.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX USA. RP Bowman, KW (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov RI Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 FU NASA; National Science Foundation; NASA Aura ROSES program; International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP); World Climate Research Program (WCRP); Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation; US Dept. of Energy (BER) under LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344, DE-AC02-05CH11231]; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; DECC [GA01101]; Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; cross UK research council [NE/I008063/1]; NASA MAP program; NASA ACMAP program FX This research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. The TES monthly ozone and IRK dataset was developed using techniques from the obs4MIP activity (http://obs4mips.llnl.gov:8080/wiki/); The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; KB and HW acknowledges the support of the NASA Aura ROSES program. KB also acknowledges some useful codes from Adetutu Aghedo and Rachel Hodos in the initial processing of TES data to netcdf files.; ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP).; The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy.; GZ acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation.; The work of DB and PC was funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.; Ghan was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830.; W. J. Collins, G. A. Folberth, F. O'Connor and S. T. Rumbold were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101).; The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division.; The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan.; The STOC-HadAM3 work was supported by cross UK research council grant NE/I008063/1 and used facilities provided by the UK's national high-performance computing service, HECToR, through Computational Modelling Services (CMS), part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS).; DS and Y. H. Lee acknowledges support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. NR 86 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4057 EP 4072 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4057-2013 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300009 ER PT J AU Inness, A Baier, F Benedetti, A Bouarar, I Chabrillat, S Clark, H Clerbaux, C Coheur, P Engelen, RJ Errera, Q Flemming, J George, M Granier, C Hadji-Lazaro, J Huijnen, V Hurtmans, D Jones, L Kaiser, JW Kapsomenakis, J Lefever, K Leitao, J Razinger, M Richter, A Schultz, MG Simmons, AJ Suttie, M Stein, O Thepaut, JN Thouret, V Vrekoussis, M Zerefos, C AF Inness, A. Baier, F. Benedetti, A. Bouarar, I. Chabrillat, S. Clark, H. Clerbaux, C. Coheur, P. Engelen, R. J. Errera, Q. Flemming, J. George, M. Granier, C. Hadji-Lazaro, J. Huijnen, V. Hurtmans, D. Jones, L. Kaiser, J. W. Kapsomenakis, J. Lefever, K. Leitao, J. Razinger, M. Richter, A. Schultz, M. G. Simmons, A. J. Suttie, M. Stein, O. Thepaut, J. -N. Thouret, V. Vrekoussis, M. Zerefos, C. CA MACC Team TI The MACC reanalysis: an 8 yr data set of atmospheric composition SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE; CHEMISTRY TRANSPORT MODELS; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; TOTAL-OZONE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE AB An eight-year long reanalysis of atmospheric composition data covering the period 2003-2010 was constructed as part of the FP7-funded Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project by assimilating satellite data into a global model and data assimilation system. This reanalysis provides fields of chemically reactive gases, namely carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde, as well as aerosols and greenhouse gases globally at a horizontal resolution of about 80 km for both the troposphere and the stratosphere. This paper describes the assimilation system for the reactive gases and presents validation results for the reactive gas analysis fields to document the data set and to give a first indication of its quality. Tropospheric CO values from the MACC reanalysis are on average 10-20% lower than routine observations from commercial aircrafts over airports through most of the troposphere, and have larger negative biases in the boundary layer at urban sites affected by air pollution, possibly due to an underestimation of CO or precursor emissions. Stratospheric ozone fields from the MACC reanalysis agree with ozonesondes and ACE-FTS data to within +/-10% in most seasons and regions. In the troposphere the reanalysis shows biases of -5% to +10% with respect to ozonesondes and aircraft data in the extratropics, but has larger negative biases in the tropics. Area-averaged total column ozone agrees with ozone fields from a multi-sensor reanalysis data set to within a few percent. NO2 fields from the reanalysis show the right seasonality over polluted urban areas of the NH and over tropical biomass burning areas, but underestimate wintertime NO2 maxima over anthropogenic pollution regions and overestimate NO2 in northern and southern Africa during the tropical biomass burning seasons. Tropospheric HCHO is well simulated in the MACC re-analysis even though no satellite data are assimilated. It shows good agreement with independent SCIAMACHY retrievals over regions dominated by biogenic emissions with some anthropogenic input, such as the eastern US and China, and also over African regions influenced by biogenic sources and biomass burning. C1 [Inness, A.; Benedetti, A.; Engelen, R. J.; Flemming, J.; Jones, L.; Kaiser, J. W.; Razinger, M.; Simmons, A. J.; Suttie, M.; Thepaut, J. -N.] ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. [Baier, F.] DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Bouarar, I.; Clerbaux, C.; George, M.; Granier, C.; Hadji-Lazaro, J.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Chabrillat, S.; Errera, Q.; Lefever, K.] BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Kaiser, J. W.] Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England. [Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, C.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Huijnen, V.] KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Kaiser, J. W.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Leitao, J.; Richter, A.] IUP Bremen, Bremen, Germany. [Schultz, M. G.; Stein, O.] Forschungszentrum Julich, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Kapsomenakis, J.; Vrekoussis, M.; Zerefos, C.] Acad Athens, Res Ctr Atmospher Phys & Climatol, Athens, Greece. [Vrekoussis, M.] EEWRC, Cyprus Inst, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Coheur, P.; Hurtmans, D.] Univ Libre Brussels, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Clark, H.; Thouret, V.] Univ Toulouse, UPS, LA Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Clark, H.; Thouret, V.] CNRS, UMR5560, LA Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. RP Inness, A (reprint author), ECMWF, Reading, Berks, England. EM a.inness@ecmwf.int RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Kaiser, Johannes/A-7057-2012; Richter, Andreas/C-4971-2008; Stein, Olaf/J-3483-2012; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/G-9424-2012; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Leitao, Joana/A-4697-2017; OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Kaiser, Johannes/0000-0003-3696-9123; Richter, Andreas/0000-0003-3339-212X; Stein, Olaf/0000-0002-6684-7103; Vrekoussis, Mihalis/0000-0001-8292-8352; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Huijnen, Vincent/0000-0002-2814-8475 FU European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme [218793]; European Union [PERG-GA-2009-256391] FX MACC was funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme, contract number 218793. The CO products from IASI are available from the Ether French atmospheric database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr). We thank Doug Kinnison at NCAR, Boulder, for support with the MOZART model. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the SCIAMACHY sensor from www.temis.nl. MOPITT data are from NASA. Mihalis Vrekoussis acknowledges European Union research fellowship (FP7-PEOPLE-2009-RG Grant, PERG-GA-2009-256391). NR 142 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 2 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4073 EP 4109 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4073-2013 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300010 ER PT J AU Yun, Y Penner, JE Popovicheva, O AF Yun, Y. Penner, J. E. Popovicheva, O. TI The effects of hygroscopicity on ice nucleation of fossil fuel combustion aerosols in mixed-phase clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BLACK CARBON; EMPIRICAL PARAMETERIZATION; SULFURIC-ACID; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SOOT AEROSOLS; PARTICLES; NUCLEI; MODEL AB Fossil fuel black carbon and organic matter (ffBC/OM) are often emitted together with sulfate, which coats the surface of these particles and changes their hygroscopicity. Observational studies at cirrus temperatures (approximate to -40 degrees C) show that the hygroscopicity of soot particles can modulate their ice nucleation ability. Here, we implement a scheme for 3 categories of soot (hydrophobic, hydrophilic and hygroscopic) on the basis of laboratory data and specify their ability to act as ice nuclei at mixed-phase temperatures by extrapolating the observations using a published deposition/condensation/immersion freezing parameterization. The new scheme results in significant changes to anthropogenic forcing in mixed-phase clouds. The net forcing in our offline model studies varies from 0.111 to 1.059 W m(-2) depending on the ice nucleation capability of hygroscopic soot particles. The total anthropogenic cloud forcing and whole-sky forcing with the new scheme are 0.06 W m(-2) and -2.45 W m(-2), respectively, but could be more positive (by about 1.17 W m(-2)) if hygroscopic soot particles are allowed to nucleate ice particles. The change in liquid water path dominates the anthropogenic forcing in mixed-phase clouds. C1 [Yun, Y.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Yun, Y.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Popovicheva, O.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, DV Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119234, Russia. RP Yun, Y (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM yuxingy@umich.edu RI Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012 FU US CRDF/NFS; NSF ATM [0609836]; DOE [DE-FG02-97-ER62370, FG0201 ER63248]; [CRDF-RFBR 2949]; [RFBR 12-05-00395 a] FX J. E. P. and Y. Y. are grateful for support from US CRDF/NFS, NSF ATM 0609836, and DOE DE-FG02-97-ER62370 and FG0201 ER63248. O. P. appreciates the financial support from projects CRDF-RFBR 2949 and RFBR 12-05-00395 a. R. Chen and L. Xu provided useful suggestions. We are grateful for computer time provided by the NCAR Computational Information Systems Laboratory. NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4339 EP 4348 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4339-2013 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300025 ER PT J AU Newman, S Jeong, S Fischer, ML Xu, X Haman, CL Lefer, B Alvarez, S Rappenglueck, B Kort, EA Andrews, AE Peischl, J Gurney, KR Miller, CE Yung, YL AF Newman, S. Jeong, S. Fischer, M. L. Xu, X. Haman, C. L. Lefer, B. Alvarez, S. Rappenglueck, B. Kort, E. A. Andrews, A. E. Peischl, J. Gurney, K. R. Miller, C. E. Yung, Y. L. TI Diurnal tracking of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the Los Angeles basin megacity during spring 2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; ION-SOURCE DEVELOPMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; AIR-POLLUTION; GAS EMISSIONS; STILT MODEL; CEILOMETER AB Attributing observed CO2 variations to human or natural cause is critical to deducing and tracking emissions from observations. We have used in situ CO2, CO, and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) measurements recorded during the CalNex-LA (CARB et al., 2008) ground campaign of 15 May-15 June 2010, in Pasadena, CA, to deduce the diurnally varying anthropogenic component of observed CO2 in the megacity of Los Angeles (LA). This affordable and simple technique, validated by carbon isotope observations and WRF-STILT (Weather Research and Forecasting model - Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model) predictions, is shown to robustly attribute observed CO2 variation to anthropogenic or biogenic origin over the entire diurnal cycle. During CalNex-LA, local fossil fuel combustion contributed up to similar to 50% of the observed CO2 enhancement overnight, and similar to 100% of the enhancement near midday. This suggests that sufficiently accurate total column CO2 observations recorded near midday, such as those from the GOSAT or OCO-2 satellites, can potentially be used to track anthropogenic emissions from the LA megacity. C1 [Newman, S.; Yung, Y. L.] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jeong, S.; Fischer, M. L.] EO Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Xu, X.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Haman, C. L.; Lefer, B.; Alvarez, S.; Rappenglueck, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. [Kort, E. A.; Miller, C. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Andrews, A. E.] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peischl, J.] NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gurney, K. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Newman, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM sally@gps.caltech.edu RI Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; FU JPL's Director's Research and Development Fund; Office of Science, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Keck Institute for Space Studies FX We appreciate productive discussions with Paul Wennberg, Debra Wunch, Michael Line, Xi Zhang, Run-Lie Shia, and Joshua Kammer. WRF winds for the time-averaged footprints during the CalNex period were provided by Wayne Angevine of NOAA (Earth System Research Laboratory; ESRL). We thank Paul Novelli and Colm Sweeney of NOAA-ESRL for sharing their data that went into the NOAA background curtain product from which we calculated the time-varying background for CO. John S. Holloway (NOAA ESRL) provided the measurements of CO from the P3 aircraft profiles. As part of the CalNex-LA campaign, we gratefully acknowledge the support of Caltech and the California Air Resources Board in making the campaign successful. TCCON data (version GGG2012) were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology, from the website at http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/. SN acknowledges financial support from JPL's Director's Research and Development Fund. Analysis by MLF and SJ was supported by the Director, Office of Science, of the US Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We acknowledge the Keck Institute for Space Studies for financial support of publication costs and contribution by EAK. NR 64 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4359 EP 4372 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4359-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300027 ER PT J AU Hasebe, F Inai, Y Shiotani, M Fujiwara, M Vomel, H Nishi, N Ogino, SY Shibata, T Iwasaki, S Komala, N Peter, T Oltmans, SJ AF Hasebe, F. Inai, Y. Shiotani, M. Fujiwara, M. Voemel, H. Nishi, N. Ogino, S. -Y. Shibata, T. Iwasaki, S. Komala, N. Peter, T. Oltmans, S. J. TI Cold trap dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer characterised by SOWER chilled-mirror hygrometer network data in the Tropical Pacific SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; CIRRUS CLOUDS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ICE; TRANSPORT; SENSORS; OZONE AB A network of balloon-borne radiosonde observations employing chilled-mirror hygrometers for water and electrochemical concentration cells for ozone has been operated since the late 1990s in the Tropical Pacific to capture the evolution of dehydration of air parcels advected quasi-horizontally in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL). The analysis of this dataset is made on isentropes taking advantage of the conservative properties of tracers moving adiabatically. The existence of ice particles is diagnosed by lidars simultaneously operated with sonde flights. Characteristics of the TTL dehydration are presented on the basis of individual soundings and statistical features. Supersaturations close to 80% in relative humidity with respect to ice (RHice) have been observed in subvisible cirrus clouds located near the cold point tropopause at extremely low temperatures around 180 K. Although further observational evidence is needed to confirm the credibility of such high values of RHice, the evolution of TTL dehydration is evident from the data in isentropic scatter plots between the sonde-observed mixing ratio (OMR) and the minimum saturation mixing ratio (SMRmin) along the back trajectories associated with the observed air mass. Supersaturation exceeding the critical value of homogeneous ice nucleation (OMR > 1.6 x SMRmin) is frequently observed on the 360 and 365K surfaces indicating that cold trap dehydration is in progress in the TTL. The near correspondence between the two (OMR similar to SMRmin) at 380K on the other hand implies that this surface is not sufficiently cold for the advected air parcels to be dehydrated. Above 380 K, cold trap dehydration would scarcely function while some moistening occurs before the air parcels reach the lowermost stratosphere at around 400K where OMR is generally smaller than SMRmin. C1 [Hasebe, F.; Fujiwara, M.] Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Inai, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. [Shiotani, M.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Suitainable Humanoshpere, Uji, Kyoto, Japan. [Voemel, H.] Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, GRUAN Lead Ctr, Lindenberg, Germany. [Nishi, N.] Kyoto Univ, Geophys Inst, Kyoto, Japan. [Ogino, S. -Y.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Shibata, T.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Iwasaki, S.] Natl Def Acad, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239, Japan. [Komala, N.] Lembaga Penerbangan Dan Antariksa Nas, Bandung, Indonesia. [Peter, T.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Oltmans, S. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hasebe, F (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Fac Environm Earth Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. EM f-hasebe@ees.hokudai.ac.jp FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [15204043, 18204041, 21244072, 22241004]; Ministry of the Environment [A-1, A-071] FX The authors express hearty gratitude to those colleagues in Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Hydrologia of Ecuador, Lembaga Penerbangan dan Antariksa Nasional of Indonesia, the Meteorological Office of Tarawa, Kiribati, and Aero-Meteorological Observatory of Hanoi, Vietnam for their invaluable contribution in making the campaign observations, and appreciate helpful and constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers. The COBALD sonde was provided by Frank G. Wienhold of Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) 15204043, 18204041, 21244072 and 22241004, and the Global Environment Research Programme (A-1) and (A-071) of the Ministry of the Environment. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 8 BP 4393 EP 4411 DI 10.5194/acp-13-4393-2013 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IF UT WOS:000318428300030 ER PT J AU Lance, S Raatikainen, T Onasch, TB Worsnop, DR Yu, XY Alexander, ML Stolzenburg, MR McMurry, PH Smith, JN Nenes, A AF Lance, S. Raatikainen, T. Onasch, T. B. Worsnop, D. R. Yu, X. -Y. Alexander, M. L. Stolzenburg, M. R. McMurry, P. H. Smith, J. N. Nenes, A. TI Aerosol mixing state, hygroscopic growth and cloud activation efficiency during MIRAGE 2006 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; BIOMASS BURNING SMOKE; MEGA-CITY GUANGZHOU; MEXICO-CITY; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; PART 1; CCN ACTIVATION; BOREAL FOREST; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION AB Observations of aerosol hygroscopic growth and CCN activation spectra for submicron particles are reported for the T1 ground site outside of Mexico City during the MIRAGE 2006 campaign. kappa-Kohler theory is used to evaluate the characteristic hygroscopicity parameter, kappa*, for the CCN active aerosol population using both size-resolved HTMDA and size-resolved CCNc measurements. Organic mass fractions (f(org)) are evaluated from size-resolved aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements, from which predictions of the hygroscopicity parameter are compared against kappa*. Strong diurnal changes in aerosol water uptake parameters and aerosol composition are observed. We find that new particle formation (NPF) events are correlated with an increased kappa* and CCN-active fraction during the daytime, with greater impact on smaller particles. During NPF events, the number concentration of 40 nm particles acting as CCN at 0.51%+/- 0.06% supersaturation can surpass by more than a factor of two the corresponding concentrations of 100 nm particles. We also find that at 06:00-08:00 LT throughout the campaign, fresh traffic emissions result in substantial changes to the chemical distribution of the aerosol, with on average 65% externally mixed fraction for 40 nm particles and 30% externally mixed fraction for 100 nm particles, whereas at midday nearly all particles of both sizes can be described as "internally mixed". Average activation spectra and growth factor distributions are analyzed for different time periods characterizing the daytime (with and without NPF events), the early morning "rush hour" and the entire campaign. We show that kappa* derived from CCNc measurements decreases as a function of size during all time periods, while the CCN-active fraction increases as a function of size. Size-resolved AMS measurements do not predict the observed trend for kappa* versus particle size, which can be attributed to unresolved mixing state and the presence of refractory material not measured by the AMS. Measured kappa* typically ranges from 0.2 to 0.35, and organics typically make up 60-85% of the aerosol mass in the size range studied. We show that kappa(AMS) is able to describe CCN concentrations reasonably well, provided mixing-state information is available, especially at the highest CCN concentrations. This is consistent with other CCN studies carried out in urban environments, and is partly due to the fact that the highest CCN concentrations occur during the daytime when the aerosol is internally mixed. During the early morning rush hour, however, failing to account for the aerosol mixing state results in systematic overestimation of CCN concentrations by as much as 50-100% on average. C1 [Lance, S.; Raatikainen, T.; Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Lance, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lance, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lance, S.; Smith, J. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Raatikainen, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Onasch, T. B.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Yu, X. -Y.; Alexander, M. L.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Stolzenburg, M. R.; McMurry, P. H.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Nenes, A (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu RI Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Raatikainen, Tomi/C-5410-2014; Yu, Xiao-Ying/L-9385-2013; McMurry, Peter/A-8245-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Yu, Xiao-Ying/0000-0002-9861-3109; McMurry, Peter/0000-0003-1609-5131; FU Georgia Tech Presidential Fellowship; NCAR ASP Fellowship; NSF CAREER grant; Finnish Cultural Foundation; DOE [DE-FG-02-05ER63997, DE-FG02-05ER63982]; NSF [ATM-0528170]; DOE Biological and Environmental (BER) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) grant [DE-AC05-76RLO1830/KP1701000/57131]; NOAA FX S. Lance was supported by a Georgia Tech Presidential Fellowship and NCAR ASP Fellowship. A. Nenes acknowledges support from an NSF CAREER grant. T. Raatikainen acknowledges funding support from the Finnish Cultural Foundation. University of Minnesota researchers were supported by DOE grant DE-FG-02-05ER63997. T. Onasch and D. Worsnop acknowledge DOE grant DE-FG02-05ER63982 and NSF grant ATM-0528170. Thanks to Jeff Gaffney and Nancy Marley at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock for meteorological and ultraviolet solar insolation data at the T1 site during MIRAGE 2006. X.-Y. Yu acknowledges the support from the DOE Biological and Environmental (BER) Atmospheric System Research (ASR) grant under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830/KP1701000/57131. PNNL is operated by the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute. This work was also supported by NOAA climate and air quality programs. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 54 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 9 BP 5049 EP 5062 DI 10.5194/acp-13-5049-2013 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 144LR UT WOS:000318941300036 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Culp, JT Chen, YS Zavalij, P Espinal, L Siderius, DW Allen, AJ Scheins, S Matranga, C AF Wong-Ng, W. Culp, J. T. Chen, Y. S. Zavalij, P. Espinal, L. Siderius, D. W. Allen, A. J. Scheins, S. Matranga, C. TI Improved synthesis and crystal structure of the flexible pillared layer porous coordination polymer: Ni(1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene)[Ni(CN)(4)] SO CRYSTENGCOMM LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; SPIN-CROSSOVER; SURFACE-AREAS; NICKEL CYANIDE; PORE-SIZE; ADSORPTION; NI; CONSTRUCTION; ASSEMBLIES; NETWORKS AB This paper reports our synthesis of flexible coordination polymer, Ni(L)[ Ni(CN)(4)], (L = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (nicknamed bpene)), and its structural characterization using synchrotron single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of the purplish crystals has been determined to be monoclinic, space group P2(1)/m, a = 13.5941(12) angstrom, b = 14.3621(12) angstrom, c = 14.2561(12) angstrom, beta = 96.141(2)degrees, V = 2767.4(4) angstrom(3), Z = 4, D-c = 1.46 g cm(-1). Ni(bpene)[ Ni(CN)(4)] assumes a pillared layer structure with layers defined by Ni[ Ni(CN)(4)](n) nets and bpene ligands acting as pillars. With the present crystallization technique which involves the use of concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), disordered free bpene ligands and solvents of crystallization (DMSO and water molecules) occupy the pores, resulting in a formula of Ni(bpene)[ Ni(CN)(4)]center dot 1/2 bpene center dot DMSO center dot 2H(2)O, or Ni2N7C24H25SO3. Without the inclusion of free bpene ligands and solvent molecules, the free volume is approximately 61% of the total volume; this free volume fraction is reduced to 50% with the free ligands present. Pores without the free ligands were found to have a local diameter of 5.7 angstrom and a main aperture of 3.5 angstrom. Based on the successful crystal synthesis, we also devised a new bulk synthetic technique which yielded a polycrystalline material with a significantly improved CO2 uptake as compared to the originally reported powder material. The improved synthetic technique yielded a polycrystalline material with 40% higher CO2 uptake compared to the previously reported powder material. An estimated 14.4 molecules of CO2 per unit cell was obtained. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Espinal, L.; Siderius, D. W.; Allen, A. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Culp, J. T.; Matranga, C.] US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. [Culp, J. T.] URS Corp, South Park, PA 15219 USA. [Chen, Y. S.; Scheins, S.] Univ Chicago, ChemMatCARS, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zavalij, P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Zavalij, Peter/H-3817-2012; Matranga, Christopher/E-4741-2015 OI Zavalij, Peter/0000-0001-5762-3469; Matranga, Christopher/0000-0001-7082-5938 FU RES [DE-FE0004000]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX This technical effort was performed in support of the National Energy Technology's ongoing research in CO2 capture under the RES contract DE-FE0004000. The authors gratefully acknowledge ChemMatCARS Sector 15 which is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1466-8033 J9 CRYSTENGCOMM JI Crystengcomm PY 2013 VL 15 IS 23 BP 4684 EP 4693 DI 10.1039/c3ce00017f PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 148FF UT WOS:000319227900014 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Stewart, IJ Taylor, IG Punt, AE AF Thorson, James T. Stewart, Ian J. Taylor, Ian G. Punt, Andre E. TI Using a recruitment-linked multispecies stock assessment model to estimate common trends in recruitment for US West Coast groundfishes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Recruitment; Stock-recruit relationship; Meta-analysis; Dynamic factor analysis; Stock assessment ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; ROCKFISH GROWTH; FISH STOCKS; SURVIVAL; VARIABILITY; MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM; STRENGTH AB Recruitment is highly variable in marine fishes, and is often estimated using stock-recruit relationships that explain little of the observed variability in recruitment. Researchers have sought for decades to identify environmental indices that are associated with cohort strength, and often use stock assessment estimates of recruitment within secondary regressions to test hypothesized drivers of recruitment variability. This practice is statistically questionable because it fails to acknowledge differences in the precision of recruitment estimates among species and years, as well as covariance between recruitment estimates within a given species. We developed an alternative, statistically rigorous method to estimate an index of cohort strength that is shared among several species while accounting for each single-species stock-recruit relationship. This method simultaneously optimizes multiple stock assessment models with shared cohort strength parameters, while using observation-level fishery data for each species to propagate the precision and covariance of recruitment estimates. The method is demonstrated using data for 8 groundfish species off the US West Coast for which recruitment is relatively well estimated: our model estimated high recruitment during 1990-1991 and 1999-2000, followed by anomalously low recruitment during 2002-2007. The impact of a shared index of cohort strength is demonstrated for 2 additional species with little information about recruitment, yelloweye Sebastes ruberrimus and blackgill Sebastes melanostomus rockfishes, where it decreases the coefficient of variation for recruitment estimates in the most recent modeled year by 40%. The method can be applied to other fishery management regions in the USA and elsewhere, and represents a rigorous method to estimate associations in cohort strength among species within a region. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Stewart, Ian J.; Taylor, Ian G.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014; OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU National Research Council Research Associate Program; NWFSC Fisheries Resource and Monitoring Division FX J. Thorson acknowledges financial support from the National Research Council Research Associate Program with supervision by E. Holmes, E. Ward, and M. Scheuerell at the NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), as well as support from the NWFSC Fisheries Resource and Monitoring Division. We also thank the many research scientists and assessment authors who collected, compiled and analyzed the data in the stock assessments used herein, and S. Miller for helping to compile and distribute these and other Stock Synthesis assessments. Finally, we thank J. Field, J. Hastie, M. McClure, 3 anonymous reviewers, and the associate editor J. Rice for many helpful suggestions and editorial guidance. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 483 BP 245 EP 256 DI 10.3354/meps10295 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 154MU UT WOS:000319680700018 ER PT S AU Spielman, IB AF Spielman, I. B. BE Madison, KW Wang, YQ Rey, AM Bongs, K TI LIGHT INDUCED GAUGE FIELDS FOR ULTRACOLD NEUTRAL ATOMS SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF COLD ATOMS AND MOLECULES, VOL 1 SE Annual Review of Cold Atoms and Molecules LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; OPTICAL LATTICES; VORTEX; COLLOQUIUM; SPIN; STATE; WAVE AB Ultracold neutral atoms, with their simple interactions along with well characterized, highly tunable system parameters, are an ideal platform for realizing and then quantitatively studying many-body phenomena. Many-body physics is perhaps most familiar in the setting of condensed matter systems, where the myriad of electrons interacting in the presence of a crystalline lattice give rise to their signature collective effects. Magnetic fields, and gauge fields in general, play an important role in these systems. The integer and fractional quantum Hall effects are iconic examples of physics in electronic systems that rely on magnetic fields. More complex, matrix valued, gauge fields can be used to describe spin-orbit coupling: itself an essential ingredient in many topological insulators, and in spintronic devices. All of these effects rely on the electron's properties at a fundamental level, and would therefore appear to be absent in neutral atom systems. This chapter describes the techniques we have developed to engineer artificial gauge fields for ultracold neutral atoms using Raman transitions. C1 [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov NR 73 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE SN 2315-4926 BN 978-981-4440-39-4 J9 ANN REV COLD ATOMS PY 2013 VL 1 BP 145 EP 187 D2 10.1142/8632 PG 43 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BFA67 UT WOS:000319020500005 ER PT J AU Khatiwala, S Tanhua, T Fletcher, SM Gerber, M Doney, SC Graven, HD Gruber, N McKinley, GA Murata, A Rios, AF Sabine, CL AF Khatiwala, S. Tanhua, T. Fletcher, S. Mikaloff Gerber, M. Doney, S. C. Graven, H. D. Gruber, N. McKinley, G. A. Murata, A. Rios, A. F. Sabine, C. L. TI Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED INORGANIC CARBON; SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CO2 STORAGE; TRANSIT-TIME; DEEP-WATER; BULK DATA; SEA AB The global ocean is a significant sink for anthropogenic carbon (C-ant), absorbing roughly a third of human CO2 emitted over the industrial period. Robust estimates of the magnitude and variability of the storage and distribution of C-ant in the ocean are therefore important for understanding the human impact on climate. In this synthesis we review observational and model-based estimates of the storage and transport of C-ant in the ocean. We pay particular attention to the uncertainties and potential biases inherent in different inference schemes. On a global scale, three data-based estimates of the distribution and inventory of C-ant are now available. While the inventories are found to agree within their uncertainty, there are considerable differences in the spatial distribution. We also present a review of the progress made in the application of inverse and data assimilation techniques which combine ocean interior estimates of C-ant with numerical ocean circulation models. Such methods are especially useful for estimating the air-sea flux and interior transport of C-ant, quantities that are otherwise difficult to observe directly. However, the results are found to be highly dependent on modeled circulation, with the spread due to different ocean models at least as large as that from the different observational methods used to estimate C-ant. Our review also highlights the importance of repeat measurements of hydro-graphic and biogeochemical parameters to estimate the storage of C-ant on decadal timescales in the presence of the variability in circulation that is neglected by other approaches. Data-based C-ant estimates provide important constraints on forward ocean models, which exhibit both broad similarities and regional errors relative to the observational fields. A compilation of inventories of C-ant gives us a "best" estimate of the global ocean inventory of anthropogenic carbon in 2010 of 155 +/- 31 PgC (+/- 20% uncertainty). This estimate includes a broad range of values, suggesting that a combination of approaches is necessary in order to achieve a robust quantification of the ocean sink of anthropogenic CO2. C1 [Khatiwala, S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Tanhua, T.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Fletcher, S. Mikaloff] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Gerber, M.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Gerber, M.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Graven, H. D.; Gruber, N.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [McKinley, G. A.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Murata, A.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Rios, A. F.] IIM CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Vigo 36208, Spain. [Sabine, C. L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Khatiwala, S (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. EM spk@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Graven, Heather/0000-0003-3934-2502; Mikaloff Fletcher, Sara/0000-0003-0741-0320 FU US NSF [OCE 10-60804]; New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology [CO1X0703]; Spanish project [CTM2010-17141]; EU; European Community [212196, 264879]; NOAA [NA07OAR4310098] FX We thank Rik Wanninkhof and an anonymous reviewer for their insightful and helpful comments. This work was supported by US NSF grant OCE 10-60804 (Khatiwala); by the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology with funding support under contract CO1X0703 (Mikaloff-Fletcher); the Spanish project CTM2010-17141 (Rios); through EU FP7 projects COCOS (Coordinated Action Carbon Observing System) and CARBOCHANGE (changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate), which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement nos. 212196 and 264879 (Tanhua, Gerber, and Gruber); and by NOAA grant NA07OAR4310098. LDEO contribution no. 7671. NR 126 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 6 U2 140 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2169 EP 2191 DI 10.5194/bg-10-2169-2013 PG 23 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 137KH UT WOS:000318434200001 ER PT J AU Sus, O Heuer, MW Meyers, TP Williams, M AF Sus, O. Heuer, M. W. Meyers, T. P. Williams, M. TI A data assimilation framework for constraining upscaled cropland carbon flux seasonality and biometry with MODIS SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; VEGETATION INDEXES; EDDY COVARIANCE; ENERGY-BALANCE; UNITED-STATES; NDVI DATA; LAND-USE; MODEL; WHEAT AB Agroecosystem models are strongly dependent on information on land management patterns for regional applications. Land management practices play a major role in determining global yield variability, and add an anthropogenic signal to the observed seasonality of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. However, there is still little knowledge on spatial and temporal variability of important farmland activities such as crop sowing dates, and thus these remain rather crudely approximated within carbon cycle studies. In this study, we present a framework allowing for spatiotemporally resolved simulation of cropland carbon fluxes under observational constraints on land management and canopy greenness. We apply data assimilation methodology in order to explicitly account for information on sowing dates and model leaf area index. MODIS 250m vegetation index data were assimilated both in batch-calibration for sowing date estimation and sequentially for improved model state estimation, using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), into a crop carbon mass balance model (SPAc). In doing so, we are able to quantify the multiannual (2000-2006) regional carbon flux and biometry seasonality of maize-soybean crop rotations surrounding the Bondville Ameriflux eddy covariance site, averaged over 104 pixel locations within the wider area. (1) Validation at the Bondville site shows that growing season C cycling is simulated accurately with MODIS-derived sowing dates, and we expect that this framework allows for accurate simulations of C cycling at locations for which ground-truth data are not available. Thus, this framework enables modellers to simulate current (i.e. last 10 yr) carbon cycling of major agricultural regions. Averaged over the 104 field patches analysed, relative spatial variability for biometry and net ecosystem exchange ranges from similar to 7% to similar to 18 %. The annual sign of net biome productivity is not significantly different from carbon neutrality. (2) Moreover, observing carbon cycling at one single field with its individual sowing pattern is not sufficient to constrain large-scale agroecosystem carbon flux seasonality. Study area average growing season length is 20 days longer than observed at Bondville, primarily because of an earlier estimated start of season. (3) For carbon budgeting, additional information on cropland soil management and belowground carbon cycling has to be considered, as such constraints are not provided by MODIS. C1 [Sus, O.; Williams, M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch GeoSci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Sus, O.; Williams, M.] Univ Edinburgh, SAGES, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Heuer, M. W.; Meyers, T. P.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sus, O (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CREAF, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain. EM o.sus@creaf.uab.es RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 FU Scottish Alliance of Geoscience, Environment and Society (SAGES); University of Edinburgh School of Geosciences FX We acknowledge support from the Scottish Alliance of Geoscience, Environment and Society (SAGES) and the University of Edinburgh School of Geosciences (Torrance Bequest studentship). Observational data were provided by NOAA/ATDD's SEBN program, USDA-NASS (crop progress reports and data layers), and ORNL DAAC (MODIS subsets). NR 70 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2451 EP 2466 DI 10.5194/bg-10-2451-2013 PG 16 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 137KH UT WOS:000318434200019 ER PT J AU Shutler, JD Land, PE Brown, CW Findlay, HS Donlon, CJ Medland, M Snooke, R Blackford, JC AF Shutler, J. D. Land, P. E. Brown, C. W. Findlay, H. S. Donlon, C. J. Medland, M. Snooke, R. Blackford, J. C. TI Coccolithophore surface distributions in the North Atlantic and their modulation of the air-sea flux of CO2 from 10 years of satellite Earth observation data SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI BLOOMS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; ECOSYSTEM MODEL; ORGANIC-CARBON; OCEAN; OSCILLATION; SYSTEM; SINK; ENVIRONMENT; IMAGERY AB Coccolithophores are the primary oceanic phytoplankton responsible for the production of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). These climatically important plankton play a key role in the oceanic carbon cycle as a major contributor of carbon to the open ocean carbonate pump (similar to 50 %) and their calcification can affect the atmosphere-to-ocean (air-sea) uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) through increasing the seawater partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)). Here we document variations in the areal extent of surface blooms of the globally important coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, in the North Atlantic over a 10-year period (1998-2007), using Earth observation data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS). We calculate the annual mean sea surface areal coverage of E. huxleyi in the North Atlantic to be 474 000 +/- 104 000 km(2), which results in a net CaCO3 carbon (CaCO3-C) production of 0.14-1.71 Tg CaCO3-C per year. However, this surface coverage (and, thus, net production) can fluctuate inter-annually by -54/+81% about the mean value and is strongly correlated with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate oscillation index (r = 0.75, p < 0.02). Our analysis evaluates the spatial extent over which the E. huxleyi blooms in the North Atlantic can increase the pCO(2) and, thus, decrease the localised air-sea flux of atmospheric CO2. In regions where the blooms are prevalent, the average reduction in the monthly air-sea CO2 flux can reach 55%. The maximum reduction of the monthly air-sea CO2 flux in the time series is 155 %. This work suggests that the high variability, frequency and distribution of these calcifying plankton and their impact on pCO(2) should be considered if we are to fully understand the variability of the North Atlantic air-to-sea flux of CO2. We estimate that these blooms can reduce the annual N. Atlantic net sink atmospheric CO2 by between 3-28 %. C1 [Shutler, J. D.; Land, P. E.; Findlay, H. S.; Medland, M.; Blackford, J. C.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Brown, C. W.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC USA. [Snooke, R.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Donlon, C. J.] European Space Agcy, Estec, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. RP Shutler, JD (reprint author), Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. EM jams@pml.ac.uk RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 FU ESA; UK NERC; EC; UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); NCEO mission; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Centre for Satellite Applications and Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge and thank K. Anderson who gave input to an earlier version of this work and who also co-supervised the work of R. Snooke. This work was partially funded by the following grants: the ESA Support to Science Element (STSE) Fellowship project "Open ocean and Coastal CO2 fluxes from Envisat and Sentinel 3 in support of global carbon cycle monitoring (OC-flux)"; the UK NERC Strategic marine research programme Oceans 2025; the EC FP7 MyOcean project through the research and development project "Improving CO2 Flux Estimations from the MyOcean Atlantic north west shelf hydrodynamic ecosystem model (IFEMA)" and the UK National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) marine carbon theme. Some of this work was undertaken while the lead author was a visiting researcher at ESA European Space Technology and Research Centre (ESTEC), a visit that was funded by a NCEO mission support grant. Support for C. Brown was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Centre for Satellite Applications and Research. All SeaWiFS data re-projection was achieved using resources kindly provided by the UK NERC Earth Observation Data Acquisition and Analysis Service (NEODAAS). NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2699 EP 2709 DI 10.5194/bg-10-2699-2013 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 137KH UT WOS:000318434200037 ER PT J AU Beaulieu, C Henson, SA Sarmiento, JL Dunne, JP Doney, SC Rykaczewski, RR Bopp, L AF Beaulieu, C. Henson, S. A. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Dunne, J. P. Doney, S. C. Rykaczewski, R. R. Bopp, L. TI Factors challenging our ability to detect long-term trends in ocean chlorophyll SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLOR OBSERVATIONS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; TIME-SERIES; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEAWIFS; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; SATELLITE; MODEL; OSCILLATIONS AB Global climate change is expected to affect the ocean's biological productivity. The most comprehensive information available about the global distribution of contemporary ocean primary productivity is derived from satellite data. Large spatial patchiness and interannual to multi-decadal variability in chlorophyll a concentration challenges efforts to distinguish a global, secular trend given satellite records which are limited in duration and continuity. The longest ocean color satellite record comes from the Seaviewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), which failed in December 2010. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ocean color sensors are beyond their originally planned operational lifetime. Successful retrieval of a quality signal from the current Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument, or successful launch of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) expected in 2014 will hopefully extend the ocean color time series and increase the potential for detecting trends in ocean productivity in the future. Alternatively, a potential discontinuity in the time series of ocean chlorophyll a, introduced by a change of instrument without overlap and opportunity for cross-calibration, would make trend detection even more challenging. In this paper, we demonstrate that there are a few regions with statistically significant trends over the ten years of SeaWiFS data, but at a global scale the trend is not large enough to be distinguished from noise. We quantify the degree to which red noise (autocorrelation) especially challenges trend detection in these observational time series. We further demonstrate how discontinuities in the time series at various points would affect our ability to detect trends in ocean chlorophyll a. We highlight the importance of maintaining continuous, climate-quality satellite data records for climate-change detection and attribution studies. C1 [Beaulieu, C.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Henson, S. A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Dunne, J. P.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rykaczewski, R. R.] Univ S Carolina, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Rykaczewski, R. R.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Bopp, L.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Beaulieu, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM beaulieu@princeton.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Rykaczewski, Ryan/A-8625-2016 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Rykaczewski, Ryan/0000-0001-8893-872X FU Carbon Mitigation Initiative; BP; NF-UBC Nereus Program; NERC [NE/G013055/1]; NSF [EF-0424599] FX The authors thank GSFC/NASA for providing the SeaWiFS data that was used in accordance with the SeaWiFS Research Data Use Terms and Conditions Agreement. The authors also thank V. Saba and two anonymous reviewers for useful comments on the manuscript. CB and JLS acknowledge financial support from the Carbon Mitigation Initiative with support from BP. JLS and RRR were partly supported by the NF-UBC Nereus Program. SAH was supported by NERC grant NE/G013055/1. SCD acknowledges support from NSF grant EF-0424599. NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 43 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2013 VL 10 IS 4 BP 2711 EP 2724 DI 10.5194/bg-10-2711-2013 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 137KH UT WOS:000318434200038 ER PT J AU Raju, CSK Yu, LL Schiel, JE Long, SE AF Raju, Chinthalapati Siva Kesava Yu, Lee L. Schiel, John E. Long, Stephen E. TI A simple and sensitive LC-ICP-MS method for the accurate determination of vitamin B-12 in fortified breakfast cereals and multivitamin tablets SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; VISIBLE DETECTION; FOOD-PRODUCTS; ANALOGS; CYANOCOBALAMIN; HPLC; IDENTIFICATION AB A sensitive liquid chromatographic (LC) method coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been developed for the determination of vitamin B-12. The method was based on efficient isocratic separation with a mobile phase consisting of 20 mmol L-1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in 25/75 methanol-water mixture (volume fractions) operating at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min(-1). After LC separation, ionic cobalt (Co), cyanocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and hydroxocobalamin were measured as Co-59 by ICP-MS. For Co as cyanocobalamin, the analyte of interest of this work, the method has shown good repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3% for ten measurements and excellent linearity between 0.1 ng g(-1) and 100 ng g(-1) (linear regression, r(2) > 0.999). The limit of detection (LOD) for cyanocobalamin was found to be less than 1 ng g(-1), which permits the method to be employed for the determination of ultra-trace concentrations of vitamin B-12 in various types of dietary supplements and fortified food products. Cyanocobalamin in aqueous solution was found to decompose under the ambient light of the laboratory; therefore, dark room conditions are required for the determination of vitamin B-12 in the form of cyanocobalamin to minimize the photon-induced decomposition. To determine total Co in a commercial high-purity cyanocobalamin using direct ICP-MS measurement as part of an effort to characterize the chemical for use as a calibrant, it was observed that quantitative measurement of Co was achieved only through a complete acid digestion. The method was applied to the determination of vitamin B-12 in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3233 Fortified Breakfast Cereal. SRM 3280 Multivitamin/Multielement Tablet was used for quality assurance of the cereal sample measurements. The vitamin B-12 value of (0.187 +/- 0.016) mg kg(-1) found in SRM 3233 was comparable to (0.219 +/- 0.066) mg kg(-1) obtained by Grocery Manufacturers Association's Food Industry Analytical Chemists Committee (FIACC) using microbiological assay. The (4.38 +/- 0.05) mg kg(-1) of vitamin B-12 found in quality assurance samples of SRM 3280 was in good agreement with the certified values of (4.8 +/- 1.0) mg kg(-1). C1 [Raju, Chinthalapati Siva Kesava; Yu, Lee L.; Schiel, John E.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, LL (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.yu@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2013 VL 28 IS 6 BP 901 EP 907 DI 10.1039/c3ja30383g PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 144MR UT WOS:000318944300012 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Estimating heterogeneity variance in meta-analysis SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayes estimators; Diffuse prior; Heteroscedasticity; Interlaboratory study; Random effects model; Unbiased estimators ID RANDOM-EFFECTS MODEL; WEIGHTED MEANS STATISTICS; CLINICAL-TRIALS; DIFFERENCE; INFERENCE AB . Several new estimators of the between-study variability in a heterogeneous random effects meta-analysis model are derived. One is the unbiased statistic which is locally optimal for small values of the parameter. Others are Bayes procedures within a class of quadratic statistics for a diffuse prior with different choices of the prior mean. These estimators are compared with the DerSimonianLaird procedure and the Hedges statistic in particular via the quadratic risk of the treatment effect estimator. A Monte Carlo study supports the usage of confidence intervals derived from the new estimators. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.rukhin@nist.gov NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1369-7412 J9 J R STAT SOC B JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B-Stat. Methodol. PY 2013 VL 75 IS 3 BP 451 EP 469 DI 10.1111/j.1467-9868.2012.01047.x PG 19 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 150QS UT WOS:000319406500003 ER PT J AU Fabrizio, MC Manderson, JP Pessutti, JP AF Fabrizio, Mary C. Manderson, John P. Pessutti, Jeffrey P. TI Habitat associations and dispersal of black sea bass from a mid-Atlantic Bight reef SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Black sea bass; Acoustic telemetry; Dispersal; Fish habitat; Movement; Continental shelf; Negative binomial model ID NEW-YORK-BIGHT; CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNITED-STATES; COASTAL AREA; FISHES; TELEMETRY; NEWFOUNDLAND; FEATURES; ANIMALS AB We examined habitat associations of 122 adult black sea bass Centropristis striata at a temperate reef off the coast of New Jersey, USA. The study site, located within the Historic Area Remediation Site, encompassed 46.1 km(2) and included areas of rocky bottom and highly variable bathymetry. Factors influencing dispersal and habitat use were determined from acoustic telemetry data collected between May and December 2003 from a grid of 72 moored receivers. About 2.7 times as many black sea bass used the site in summer as in fall. Fish were associated with relatively shallow, complex habitats characterized by previously placed, coarse-grain material that may have provided food, shelter, or both. Deep areas (>27.5 m) with coarse-grain material were rarely used. Dispersal of black sea bass was not a pulse event, but rather a steady movement of individuals away from the site as inshore bottom water temperatures declined between late September and mid-December. Both temperature and photoperiod may serve as cues to the initiation of offshore movements of fish to wintering grounds near the edge of the shelf. Some black sea bass resided at the reef for periods of up to 6 mo encompassing the spawning period; as such, these habitats may be important to the continued production of the stock. In the mid-Atlantic Bight, surveys to estimate the relative abundance of this species during their inshore residency period should be conducted in July-August in structurally complex habitats and in waters <28 m deep. C1 [Fabrizio, Mary C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Manderson, John P.; Pessutti, Jeffrey P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Fabrizio, MC (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM mfabrizio@vims.edu OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 FU US Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank A. Draxler (retired, NOAA-NMFS) and A. Bejda (retired, NOAA-NMFS) for early discussions that helped us formulate this study; R. Lathrop (Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ) for seafloor habitat data; K. Pollock (North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC) for providing software to implement the KM staggered entry design; and D. Mountain and M. Taylor (NOAA-NMFS, Woods Hole, MA) for loaning us the CTDs and providing technical support. We are grateful to Commander E. Christman, S. Smith, M. Moser (NOAA Marine Operations Center), and crew of the NOAA Vessel 'Thomas Jefferson' for assisting with array retrievals. We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of A. Drohan, A. Pollack, P. Shaheen, J. Rosendale, J. Hilbert, J. Sibunka, and F. Morello. We thank the captains and crew that supported our work on the RV 'Gloria Michelle', RV 'Nauvoo', RV 'Walford', RV 'Loosanoff', and MV 'Samantha Miller'; LT S. Sirois (NOAA) and Captain W. Ihde (Miller's Launch, New York City) provided critical logistical expertise during the field implementation of this work. This study was funded by the US Army Corps of Engineers; we thank T. Bridges (USACE, Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS), M. Greges (USACE, New York District, New York City), and S. Knowles (USACE, New York District, New York City) for coordination of our field work with ongoing ACOE activities at the HARS. We thank G. Shepherd (NOAA-NMFS, Woods Hole, MA) and 4 anonymous reviewers for comments that helped improve the paper. This research was conducted in accordance with guidelines on the use of animals in research published by the American Fisheries Society and the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. This paper is contribution number 3266 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William and Mary. NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 482 BP 241 EP 253 DI 10.3354/meps10302 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 149QV UT WOS:000319337100019 ER PT S AU Farle, M Silva, T Woltersdorf, G AF Farle, Michael Silva, Tom Woltersdorf, Georg BE Zabel, H Farle, M TI Spin Dynamics in the Time and Frequency Domain SO MAGNETIC NANOSTRUCTURES: SPIN DYNAMICS AND SPIN TRANSPORT SE Springer Tracts in Modern Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; THIN-FILMS; ULTRATHIN FILMS; MICROWAVE; TORQUE; DRIVEN; WAVES; SPECTROSCOPY; RELAXATION AB The current status of experimental approaches to analyze the spin wave dynamics in ferromagnetic nanoscale structures is reviewed. Recent developments in frequency- and field swept spectroscopy to determine the resonant response of nanoscale ferromagnets are described together with time-resolved measurements in the GHz frequency and pico second time domain, respectively. Examples for the analysis and manipulation of different mechanisms for the relaxation of the magnetization after microwave excitation into its ground state are presented. C1 [Farle, Michael] Univ Duisburg Essen, Fak Phys, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Farle, Michael] Univ Duisburg Essen, Ctr NanoIntegrat Duisburg Essen CBNIDE, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. [Silva, Tom] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Woltersdorf, Georg] Univ Regensburg, Dept Phys, Magnetism Grp, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany. RP Farle, M (reprint author), Univ Duisburg Essen, Fak Phys, Lotharstr 1, D-47057 Duisburg, Germany. EM farle@uni-due.de; silva@boulder.nist.gov; georg.woltersdorf@ur.de NR 103 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-3869 BN 978-3-642-32041-5 J9 SPRINGER TRAC MOD PH PY 2013 VL 246 BP 37 EP 83 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-32042-2_2 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-32042-2 PG 47 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BEV77 UT WOS:000318317800003 ER PT J AU Neilson, J Arocha, F Cass-Calay, S Mejuto, J Ortiz, M Scott, G Smith, C Travassos, P Tserpes, G Andrushchenko, I AF Neilson, John Arocha, Freddy Cass-Calay, Shannon Mejuto, Jaime Ortiz, Mauricio Scott, Gerry Smith, Craig Travassos, Paulo Tserpes, George Andrushchenko, Irene TI The Recovery of Atlantic Swordfish: The Comparative Roles of the Regional Fisheries Management Organization and Species Biology SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stock recovery; Atlantic swordfish; regional fisheries management organizations ID XIPHIAS-GLADIUS L.; MARLIN MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; REPRODUCTIVE DYNAMICS; SEXUAL-MATURITY; BLUEFIN TUNA; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; THUNNUS-ALBACARES; LONGLINE FISHERY AB Regional fisheries management organizations (RFMO) are often criticized for ineffectual management of high-seas fisheries resources. However, in the case of the two Atlantic swordfish stocks occurring in the North and South Atlantic, those stocks have rebuilt to the B-MSY objective of the responsible RFMO, the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). The relative contribution of the management actions of the RFMO and biological characteristics of swordfish stocks are evaluated in relation to the recovery of the stocks. It is concluded that while swordfish have characteristics that promote stock resilience (including relatively fast growth, and spatially-and temporally-dispersed spawning), positive management actions combined with a period of relatively good recruitment were essential to achieve the rebuilt outcome. The challenges that the RFMO faces to maintain the stocks in the rebuilt condition are described, and some possible additional measures discussed. C1 [Neilson, John; Andrushchenko, Irene] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. [Arocha, Freddy] Univ Oriente, Inst Oceanog Venezuela, Cumana, Venezuela. [Cass-Calay, Shannon; Scott, Gerry] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Mejuto, Jaime] Inst Espanol Oceanog, La Coruna, Spain. [Ortiz, Mauricio] ICCAT, Madrid, Spain. [Smith, Craig] Dept Agr Forestry & Fisheries, Roggebaai Cape Town, South Africa. [Travassos, Paulo] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Lab Ecol Marinha, Dept Pesca & Aquicultura, Recife, PE, Brazil. [Tserpes, George] Hellenic Ctr Marine Res, Inst Marine Biol Resources, Iraklion, Greece. RP Neilson, J (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Andrews Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. EM john.neilson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Tserpes, George/L-6201-2013 OI Tserpes, George/0000-0001-9052-4091 NR 163 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 EI 1547-6553 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 BP 59 EP 97 DI 10.1080/10641262.2012.754842 PG 39 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 144YU UT WOS:000318979900001 ER PT J AU Sakai, VG Khodadadi, S Cicerone, MT Curtis, JE Sokolov, AP Roh, JH AF Sakai, Victoria Garcia Khodadadi, Sheila Cicerone, Marcus T. Curtis, Joseph E. Sokolov, Alexei P. Roh, Joon Ho TI Solvent effects on protein fast dynamics: implications for biopreservation SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATION WATER; MICROSCOPIC INSIGHTS; TREHALOSE; GLYCEROL; LYSOZYME; TRANSITION; MYOGLOBIN; GLASS AB In the context of biopreservation, we study the influence of water, glycerol and trehalose on the ps-ns dynamics of lyzosyme using neutron scattering. Results indicate that the choice of bioprotectant depends on the storage temperature; glycerol is the most effective for low temperatures and trehalose for high temperatures. C1 [Sakai, Victoria Garcia] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Neutron & Muon Facil, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Khodadadi, Sheila; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Roh, Joon Ho] Univ Akron, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Sakai, VG (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Neutron & Muon Facil, Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM Victoria.garcia-sakai@stfc.ac.uk; cicerone@nist.gov; joseph.curtis@nist.gov; sokolov@utk.edu; joonho.roh.ctr.ks@nrl.navy.mil OI Garcia Sakai, Victoria/0000-0001-6570-4218 NR 33 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2013 VL 9 IS 22 BP 5336 EP 5340 DI 10.1039/c3sm50492a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 144MZ UT WOS:000318945100003 ER PT J AU Washenfelder, RA Flores, JM Brock, CA Brown, SS Rudich, Y AF Washenfelder, R. A. Flores, J. M. Brock, C. A. Brown, S. S. Rudich, Y. TI Broadband measurements of aerosol extinction in the ultraviolet spectral region SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEX; CAVITY RING-DOWN; VISIBLE-LIGHT ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BROWN CARBON; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET AB Aerosols influence the Earth's radiative budget by scattering and absorbing incoming solar radiation. The optical properties of aerosols vary as a function of wavelength, but few measurements have reported the wavelength dependence of aerosol extinction cross sections and complex refractive indices. We describe a new laboratory instrument to measure aerosol optical extinction as a function of wavelength, using cavity enhanced spectroscopy with a broadband light source. The instrument consists of two broadband channels which span the 360-390 and 385-420 nm spectral regions using two light emitting diodes (LED) and a grating spectrometer with charge-coupled device (CCD) detector. We determined aerosol extinction cross sections and directly observed Mie scattering resonances for aerosols that are purely scattering (polystyrene latex spheres and ammonium sulfate), slightly absorbing (Suwannee River fulvic acid), and strongly absorbing (nigrosin dye). We describe an approach for retrieving refractive indices as a function of wavelength from the measured extinction cross sections over the 360-420 nm wavelength region. The retrieved refractive indices for PSL and ammonium sulfate agree within uncertainty with the literature values for this spectral region. The refractive index determined for nigrosin is 1.78 (+/- 0.03) + 0.19 (+/- 0.08)i at 360 nm and 1.63 (+/- 0.03) + 0.21 (+/- 0.05)i at 420 nm. The refractive index determined for Suwannee River fulvic acid is 1.71 (+/- 0.02) + 0.07 (+/- 0.06)i at 360 nm and 1.66 (+/- 0.02) + 0.06 (+/- 0.04)i at 420 nm. These laboratory results support the potential for a field instrument capable of determining ambient aerosol optical extinction, average aerosol extinction cross section, and complex refractive index as a function of wavelength. C1 [Washenfelder, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.; Brock, C. A.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Flores, J. M.; Rudich, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Rudich, Yinon/0000-0003-3149-0201 FU NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program; German-Israeli Science Foundation (GIF) [1136-26.8/2011]; Helen and Martin Kimmel Award for Innovative Investigation; Jinich Postdoctoral Fellowship; [FP7-ENV-2010-265148-PEGASOS] FX We thank Andrew Langford for technical discussions. We thank Justin Langridge for his help in developing the BBCES aerosol method. We thank Nicholas Wagner and John Trytko for data acquisition software. RAW, CAB, and SSB acknowledge financial support from the NOAA Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Program. JMF and YR acknowledge financial support by German-Israeli Science Foundation (GIF, Grant #1136-26.8/2011) and by FP7-ENV-2010-265148-PEGASOS. YR acknowledges support by the Helen and Martin Kimmel Award for Innovative Investigation. JMF is supported by a research grant from the Jinich Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 73 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 861 EP 877 DI 10.5194/amt-6-861-2013 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IM UT WOS:000318429000001 ER PT J AU Chen, H Karion, A Rella, CW Winderlich, J Gerbig, C Filges, A Newberger, T Sweeney, C Tans, PP AF Chen, H. Karion, A. Rella, C. W. Winderlich, J. Gerbig, C. Filges, A. Newberger, T. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. P. TI Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide in humid air using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; FAST-RESPONSE; TRACE GASES; TALL TOWER; CO2; INSTRUMENT; ABSORPTION; ANALYZER; DIOXIDE; METHANE AB Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in humid air have been made using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The measurements of CO mole fractions are determined from the strength of its spectral absorption in the near-infrared region (similar to 1.57 mu m) after removing interferences from adjacent carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) absorption lines. Water correction functions that account for the dilution and pressure-broadening effects as well as absorption line interferences from adjacent CO2 and H2O lines have been derived for CO2 mole fractions between 360-390 ppm and for reported H2O mole fractions between 0-4 %. The line interference corrections are independent of CO mole fractions. The dependence of the line interference correction on CO2 abundance is estimated to be approximately -0.3 ppb/100 ppm CO2 for dry mole fractions of CO. Comparisons of water correction functions from different analyzers of the same type show significant differences, making it necessary to perform instrument-specific water tests for each individual analyzer. The CRDS analyzer was flown on an aircraft in Alaska from April to November in 2011, and the accuracy of the CO measurements by the CRDS analyzer has been validated against discrete NOAA/ESRL flask sample measurements made on board the same aircraft, with a mean difference between integrated in situ and flask measurements of -0.6 ppb and a standard deviation of 2.8 ppb. Preliminary testing of CRDS instrumentation that employs improved spectroscopic model functions for CO2, H2O, and CO to fit the raw spectral data (available since the beginning of 2012) indicates a smaller water vapor dependence than the models discussed here, but more work is necessary to fully validate the performance. The CRDS technique provides an accurate and low-maintenance method of monitoring the atmospheric dry mole fractions of CO in humid air streams. C1 [Chen, H.; Karion, A.; Newberger, T.; Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Karion, A.; Newberger, T.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rella, C. W.] Picarro Inc, Santa Clara, CA USA. [Winderlich, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Winderlich, J.; Gerbig, C.; Filges, A.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. RP Chen, H (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM huilin.chen@noaa.gov RI Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013 OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603 FU German Max Planck Society FX We would like to thank Pat Lang, Paul Novelli, Andrew Crotwell, Doug Guenther, Sonja Wolter, Jack Higgs, Duane Kitzis, John Kofler, and Arlyn Andrews at NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division for supporting our work. This work was in part supported by the German Max Planck Society. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 4 BP 1031 EP 1040 DI 10.5194/amt-6-1031-2013 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137IM UT WOS:000318429000012 ER PT J AU Esenturk, EN Walker, ARH AF Esenturk, Emren Nalbant Walker, Angela R. Hight TI Gold nanostar @ iron oxide core-shell nanostructures: synthesis, characterization, and demonstrated surface-enhanced Raman scattering properties SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gold nanoparticles; Magnetic nanoparticles; SERS; Raman; Nanostar ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIFFERENT SHAPES; SERS ACTIVITY; XPS SPECTRA; NANOPARTICLES; SILVER; NANORODS; SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMISTRY; NANOCRYSTALS AB Iron oxide-coated gold nanostars are produced by first synthesizing gold nanostars (ca 150 nm), then introducing a polyvinylpyrollidone coating followed by reducing iron(II) and iron(III) salts on the nanoparticle (NP) surface. Morphological and chemical composition characterizations of these composite nanomaterials were performed via field-emission transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy studies. The analysis revealed that the majority of the NPs had coating of approximately 1-5 nm thicknesses. The crystal structure of the coating on gold nanostars was determined to be alpha-Fe2O3 with X-ray diffraction analysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that the coating is Fe2O3. The magnetic property studies via superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer revealed an antiferromagnetic behavior of the magnetic coating, verifying the existence of antiferromagnetic alpha-Fe2O3 layer on gold nanostars. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy performed with crystal violet as the probe molecule confirms continued strong SERS activity for gold nanostars after the iron oxide coating. Having both magnetic and plasmonic properties in one NP system makes these particles suitable for various bio-analytical applications such as biomolecule separation, sensing and magnetic imaging. C1 [Esenturk, Emren Nalbant] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Chem, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. [Esenturk, Emren Nalbant; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Esenturk, EN (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Chem, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. EM emren@metu.edu.tr RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 67 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 11 U2 179 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 15 IS 1 AR 1364 DI 10.1007/s11051-012-1364-9 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 138ZC UT WOS:000318550000050 ER PT J AU Shelton, AO Kinzey, D Reiss, C Munch, S Watters, G Mangel, M AF Shelton, Andrew Olaf Kinzey, Douglas Reiss, Christian Munch, Stephan Watters, George Mangel, Marc TI Among-year variation in growth of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba based on length-frequency data SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE von Bertalanffy; Krill; Growth; Temporal variation; Southern Ocean; Kernel density estimator; Antarctic Peninsula ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; MODELING GROWTH; SCOTIA SEA; HOME-RANGE; SIZE; AGE; MORTALITY; RATES; PARAMETERS; DYNAMICS AB Understanding the temporal variability in vital rates (e. g. growth and survivorship) of wild populations is practically and statistically difficult but crucial for connecting such variation to mechanistic drivers and their population consequences. For somatic growth, empirical estimates of variation are rare because they often require expensive long-term tag-recapture programs. In marine pelagic ecosystems, where many species are difficult to sample and not amenable to tagging studies, researchers have relied on estimating growth from length-frequency distributions. We developed a general approach for estimating growth from observed length-frequency samples by combining kernel density estimates of the length-frequency distribution and the von Bertalanffy growth function. Our approach is conceptually straightforward and easy to implement. We applied the methods to Antarctic krill Euphausia superba collected from the Southern Ocean over a span of 19 yr to document among-year variation in krill growth during the austral summer. Our estimates of growth align closely with existing estimates of growth, but we provide the first estimates of among-year variation in krill growth. We estimate very high among-year variation in growth (annual estimates for a 30 mm krill in the Elephant Island region ranged from 0.00 to 0.17 mm d(-1); mean = 0.073, among-year coefficient of variation approximate to 0.8). We correlated growth rate variation to estimates of ocean chlorophyll but not to other oceanographic indices, contrasting with results from previous studies. The large amount of variation in growth unexplained by environmental covariates has substantial implications for ecosystem management in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. C1 [Shelton, Andrew Olaf] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Shelton, Andrew Olaf; Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Kinzey, Douglas; Reiss, Christian; Watters, George] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Munch, Stephan] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Jack Baskin Sch Engn, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Mangel, Marc] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Shelton, AO (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ole.shelton@noaa.gov FU Center for Stock Assessment Research; Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA; University of California, Santa Cruz; National Science Foundation [EF-0924195] FX This work was partially supported by the Center for Stock Assessment Research, a partnership between the Fisheries Ecology Division, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, and by National Science Foundation grant EF-0924195 to M.M. The manuscript was improved by comments from 3 anonymous reviewers. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 481 BP 53 EP 67 DI 10.3354/meps10245 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 139FE UT WOS:000318566400005 ER PT J AU Dubyagin, S Ganushkina, N Apatenkov, S Kubyshkina, M Singer, H Liemohn, M AF Dubyagin, S. Ganushkina, N. Apatenkov, S. Kubyshkina, M. Singer, H. Liemohn, M. TI Geometry of duskside equatorial current during magnetic storm main phase as deduced from magnetospheric and low-altitude observations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; Current systems; Energetic particles, precipitating; Storms and substorms ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; ENERGETIC PROTON PRECIPITATION; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; RING CURRENT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; FIELD; BOUNDARY; DST AB We present the results of a coordinated study of the moderate magnetic storm on 22 July 2009. The THEMIS and GOES observations of magnetic field in the inner magnetosphere were complemented by energetic particle observations at low altitude by the six NOAA POES satellites. Observations in the vicinity of geosynchronous orbit revealed a relatively thin (half-thickness of less than 1 R-E) and intense current sheet in the dusk MLT sector during the main phase of the storm. The total westward current (integrated along the z-direction) on the duskside at r similar to 6.6 R-E was comparable to that in the midnight sector. Such a configuration cannot be adequately described by existing magnetic field models with predefined current systems (error in B > 60 nT). At the same time, low-altitude isotropic boundaries (IB) of > 80 keV protons in the dusk sector were shifted similar to 4 degrees equatorward relative to the IBs in the midnight sector. Both the equatorward IB shift and the current strength on the duskside correlate with the Sym-H* index. These findings imply a close relation between the current intensification and equatorward IB shift in the dusk sector. The analysis of IB dispersion revealed that high-energy IBs (E > 100 keV) always exhibit normal dispersion (i.e., that for pitch angle scattering on curved field lines). Anomalous dispersion is sometimes observed in the low-energy channels (similar to 30-100 keV). The maximum occurrence rate of anomalous dispersion was observed during the main phase of the storm in the dusk sector. C1 [Dubyagin, S.; Ganushkina, N.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Ganushkina, N.; Liemohn, M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Apatenkov, S.; Kubyshkina, M.] St Petersburg State Univ, Earth Phys Dept, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Singer, H.] Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Dubyagin, S (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM stepan.dubyagin@fmi.fi RI Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Apatenkov, Sergey/J-4899-2013; Ganushkina, Natalia/K-6314-2013; OI Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Apatenkov, Sergey/0000-0001-8959-3479 FU Academy of Finland; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland; NASA; NSF FX The authors thank N. A. Tsyganenko for his help with the TS05 code. Work by SD was supported by an Academy of Finland grant. Magnetospheric indices and solar wind parameters were obtained from the OMNI database provided by J. H. King, N. Papitashvilli at AdnetSystems, NASA GSFC. GOES data were obtained via the CDAWeb. NOAA MEPED particle data have been made publicly available by NOAA. Thanks to K. H. Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. The authors thank the International Space Science Institute in Bern, Switzerland, for their support of an international team on "Resolving Current Systems in Geospace". Work by NG and ML was supported by NASA and NSF grants. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2013 VL 31 IS 3 BP 395 EP 408 DI 10.5194/angeo-31-395-2013 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 137JQ UT WOS:000318432300002 ER PT J AU Norman, SA Hobbs, RC Wuertz, S Melli, A Beckett, LA Chouicha, N Kundu, A Miller, WA AF Norman, Stephanie A. Hobbs, Roderick C. Wuertz, Stefan Melli, Ann Beckett, Laurel A. Chouicha, Nadira Kundu, Arti Miller, Woutrina A. TI Fecal pathogen pollution: sources and patterns in water and sediment samples from the upper Cook Inlet, Alaska ecosystem SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-PERFRINGENS; MICROBIAL INDICATORS; MOLECULAR-DETECTION; HUMAN NOROVIRUSES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENETIC-MARKERS; DRINKING-WATER; MARINE; BACTERIA; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM AB Fecal pathogens are transported from a variety of sources in multi-use ecosystems such as upper Cook Inlet (CI), Alaska, which includes the state's urban center and is highly utilized by humans and animals. This study used a novel water quality testing approach to evaluate the presence and host sources of potential fecal pathogens in surface waters and sediments from aquatic ecosystems in upper CI. Matched water and sediment samples, along with effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment facility, were screened for Salmonella spp., Vibrio spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., and noroviruses. Additionally, Bacteroidales spp. for microbial source tracking, and the fecal indicator bacteria Enterococcus spp. as well as fecal coliforms were evaluated. Overall, Giardia and Vibrio were the most frequently detected potential pathogens, followed by Cryptosporidium and norovirus, while Salmonella was not detected. Sample month, matrix type, and recent precipitation were found to be significant environmental factors for protozoa or host-associated Bacteroidales marker detection, whereas location and water temperature were not. The relative contribution of host-associated markers to total fecal marker concentration was estimated using a Monte Carlo method, with the greatest relative contribution to the Bacteroidales marker concentration coming from human sources, while the remainder of the universal fecal host source signal was uncharacterized by available host-associated assays, consistent with wildlife fecal sources. These findings show how fecal indicator and pathogen monitoring, along with identifying contributing host sources, can provide evidence of coastal pathogen pollution and guidance as to whether to target human and/or animal sources for management. C1 [Norman, Stephanie A.; Melli, Ann; Chouicha, Nadira; Miller, Woutrina A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Hobbs, Roderick C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wuertz, Stefan; Kundu, Arti] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Singapore Ctr Environm Life Sci Engn, Singapore 637551, Singapore. [Wuertz, Stefan] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Beckett, Laurel A.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Div Biostat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Miller, WA (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM wamiller@ucdavis.edu OI Beckett, Laurel/0000-0002-2418-9843 FU NOAA Fisheries contract [HA133F-10-SE-3662] FX The authors thank Craig Woolard, Brett Jokela, Robert Gustafson, Paul Smith, Steve Gaither, Mark Spano, Andrew Johnson, Melissa Harrower, and the rest of the Alaska Water and Wastewater Utility personnel for use of their laboratory space to process samples, their expertise and knowledge in water quality testing, and logistical support. Christopher Garner from Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson and Howard Golden and Todd Rinaldi from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game kindly provided boat support and collected the Goose Creek samples. The authors also thank Terra Berardi, Michael Maki, and Alexander Schriewer of UC Davis for their expertise and assistance. This work was supported by NOAA Fisheries contract HA133F-10-SE-3662. NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2013 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1051 DI 10.1039/c3em30930d PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 135SV UT WOS:000318309700015 PM 23552731 ER PT J AU Ahrenkiel, RK Feldman, A Lehman, J Johnston, SW AF Ahrenkiel, R. K. Feldman, A. Lehman, J. Johnston, S. W. TI Novel Free-Carrier Pump-Probe Analysis of Carrier Transport in Semiconductors SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE Charge-carrier lifetime; free carrier absorption; photoconductive decay AB We have developed a pump-probe configuration to measure the carrier lifetime using the transient free-carrier density. The free-carrier absorption varies as lambda(2) Delta n/mu, where lambda is 10.6 mu m in this paper. We measure the transient photoconductive decay that is proportional to Delta n (*) mu. The data product gives Delta alpha (*) Delta sigma similar to lambda(2) Delta n(t)(2). The mobility variation is nullified by multiplying the data from the two parallel measurements. From the product data, both Delta n(t) and mu(Delta n) can be determined. A large increase in Delta alpha and decrease in mu are observed and caused by space-charge effects in regions of high injection. These data show the unexpected and remarkable result that the lifetime is relatively constant up to an injection level of about three times the doping level. However, the mobility decreases by about a factor of six over the same injection range. C1 [Ahrenkiel, R. K.; Feldman, A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Ahrenkiel, R. K.; Johnston, S. W.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80402 USA. [Feldman, A.; Lehman, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Ahrenkiel, RK (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM rahren@mac.com; ari1127@gmail.com; lehman@boulder.nist.gov; steve.johnston@nrel.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3381 J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT JI IEEE J. Photovolt. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 BP 348 EP 352 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2012.2215581 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 137KF UT WOS:000318434000053 ER PT B AU Trivelpiece, W Trivelpiece, S AF Trivelpiece, Wayne Trivelpiece, Sue BE Borboroglu, PG Boersma, PD TI Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) SO PENGUINS: NATURAL HISTORY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUTH-SHETLAND ISLANDS; KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SKUAS CATHARACTA-LONNBERGI; SEA-ICE EXTENT; ORKNEY ISLANDS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROWN SKUAS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS C1 [Trivelpiece, Wayne; Trivelpiece, Sue] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92065 USA. RP Trivelpiece, W (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92065 USA. EM wayne.trivelpiece@noaa.gov NR 84 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU UNIV WASHINGTON PRESS PI SEATTLE PA SEATTLE, WA 98105 USA BN 978-0-295-99284-6 PY 2013 BP 59 EP 72 PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ornithology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Zoology GA BEY62 UT WOS:000318737300004 ER PT J AU Shindell, DT Lamarque, JF Schulz, M Flanner, M Jiao, C Chin, M Young, PJ Lee, YH Rotstayn, L Mahowald, N Milly, G Faluvegi, G Balkanski, Y Collins, WJ Conley, AJ Dalsoren, S Easter, R Ghan, S Horowitz, L Liu, X Myhre, G Nagashima, T Naik, V Rumbold, ST Skeie, R Sudo, K Szopa, S Takemura, T Voulgarakis, A Yoon, JH Lo, F AF Shindell, D. T. Lamarque, J. -F. Schulz, M. Flanner, M. Jiao, C. Chin, M. Young, P. J. Lee, Y. H. Rotstayn, L. Mahowald, N. Milly, G. Faluvegi, G. Balkanski, Y. Collins, W. J. Conley, A. J. Dalsoren, S. Easter, R. Ghan, S. Horowitz, L. Liu, X. Myhre, G. Nagashima, T. Naik, V. Rumbold, S. T. Skeie, R. Sudo, K. Szopa, S. Takemura, T. Voulgarakis, A. Yoon, J. -H. Lo, F. TI Radiative forcing in the ACCMIP historical and future climate simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT ACCMIP; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; BLACK CARBON; SYSTEM MODEL; AEROSOL; PREINDUSTRIAL; CHEMISTRY; SENSITIVITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; EMISSIONS AB The Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) examined the short-lived drivers of climate change in current climate models. Here we evaluate the 10 ACCMIP models that included aerosols, 8 of which also participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The models reproduce present-day total aerosol optical depth (AOD) relatively well, though many are biased low. Contributions from individual aerosol components are quite different, however, and most models underestimate east Asian AOD. The models capture most 1980-2000 AOD trends well, but underpredict increases over the Yellow/Eastern Sea. They strongly underestimate absorbing AOD in many regions. We examine both the direct radiative forcing (RF) and the forcing including rapid adjustments (effective radiative forcing; ERF, including direct and indirect effects). The models' all-sky 1850 to 2000 global mean annual average total aerosol RF is (mean; range) -0.26 Wm(-2); -0.06 to -0.49 Wm(-2). Screening based on model skill in capturing observed AOD yields a best estimate of -0.42 Wm(-2); -0.33 to -0.50 Wm(-2), including adjustment for missing aerosol components in some models. Many ACCMIP and CMIP5 models appear to produce substantially smaller aerosol RF than this best estimate. Climate feedbacks contribute substantially (35 to -58%) to modeled historical aerosol RF. The 1850 to 2000 aerosol ERF is -1.17 Wm(-2); -0.71 to -1.44 Wm(-2). Thus adjustments, including clouds, typically cause greater forcing than direct RF. Despite this, the multi-model spread relative to the mean is typically the same for ERF as it is for RF, or even smaller, over areas with substantial forcing. The largest 1850 to 2000 negative aerosol RF and ERF values are over and near Europe, south and east Asia and North America. ERF, however, is positive over the Sahara, the Karakoram, high Southern latitudes and especially the Arctic. Global aerosol RF peaks in most models around 1980, declining thereafter with only weak sensitivity to the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP). One model, however, projects approximately stable RF levels, while two show increasingly negative RF due to nitrate (not included in most models). Aerosol ERF, in contrast, becomes more negative during 1980 to 2000. During this period, increased Asian emissions appear to have a larger impact on aerosol ERF than European and North American decreases due to their being upwind of the large, relatively pristine Pacific Ocean. There is no clear relationship between historical aerosol ERF and climate sensitivity in the CMIP5 subset of ACCMIP models. In the ACCMIP/CMIP5 models, historical aerosol ERF of about -0.8 to -1.5 Wm(-2) is most consistent with observed historical warming. Aerosol ERF masks a large portion of greenhouse forcing during the late 20th and early 21st century at the global scale. Regionally, aerosol ERF is so large that net forcing is negative over most industrialized and biomass burning regions through 1980, but remains strongly negative only over east and southeast Asia by 2000. Net forcing is strongly positive by 1980 over most deserts, the Arctic, Australia, and most tropical oceans. Both the magnitude of and area covered by positive forcing expand steadily thereafter. C1 [Shindell, D. T.; Lee, Y. H.; Milly, G.; Faluvegi, G.; Voulgarakis, A.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Lee, Y. H.; Milly, G.; Faluvegi, G.; Voulgarakis, A.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.; Conley, A. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Schulz, M.] Inst Meteorol, Oslo, Norway. [Flanner, M.; Jiao, C.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Rotstayn, L.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Mahowald, N.; Lo, F.] Cornell Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ithaca, NY USA. [Balkanski, Y.; Szopa, S.] IPSL, LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Collins, W. J.; Rumbold, S. T.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Dalsoren, S.; Myhre, G.; Skeie, R.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Easter, R.; Ghan, S.; Liu, X.; Yoon, J. -H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov RI Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Jiao, Chaoyi/F-9065-2015; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Rotstayn, Leon/A-1756-2012; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011 OI Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Rotstayn, Leon/0000-0002-2385-4223; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955 FU NASA MAP program; ACMAP program; NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS); National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; Norwegian Research Council; Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (ACC); project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC); Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP); World Climate Research Program (WCRP) FX Thanks to Stephen Jeffrey for assistance with data analysis. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and the US Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Tables 1, G1 and G2 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output as well as the satellite data teams. The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC) for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. DS acknowledges support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs and the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS). The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. S. Ghan was supported by the US Department of Energy Office of Science Decadal and Regional Climate Prediction using Earth System Models (EaSM) program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. W. J. Collins and S. T. Rumbold were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101). VN and LWH acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were performed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer center of the CEA. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). NR 78 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 8 U2 94 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 2939 EP 2974 DI 10.5194/acp-13-2939-2013 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000002 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DS Young, PJ Naik, V Lamarque, JF Shindell, DT Voulgarakis, A Skeie, RB Dalsoren, SB Myhre, G Berntsen, TK Folberth, GA Rumbold, ST Collins, WJ MacKenzie, IA Doherty, RM Zeng, G van Noije, TPC Strunk, A Bergmann, D Cameron-Smith, P Plummer, DA Strode, SA Horowitz, L Lee, YH Szopa, S Sudo, K Nagashima, T Josse, B Cionni, I Righi, M Eyring, V Conley, A Bowman, KW Wild, O Archibald, A AF Stevenson, D. S. Young, P. J. Naik, V. Lamarque, J. -F. Shindell, D. T. Voulgarakis, A. Skeie, R. B. Dalsoren, S. B. Myhre, G. Berntsen, T. K. Folberth, G. A. Rumbold, S. T. Collins, W. J. MacKenzie, I. A. Doherty, R. M. Zeng, G. van Noije, T. P. C. Strunk, A. Bergmann, D. Cameron-Smith, P. Plummer, D. A. Strode, S. A. Horowitz, L. Lee, Y. H. Szopa, S. Sudo, K. Nagashima, T. Josse, B. Cionni, I. Righi, M. Eyring, V. Conley, A. Bowman, K. W. Wild, O. Archibald, A. TI Tropospheric ozone changes, radiative forcing and attribution to emissions in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; SURFACE OZONE; PREINDUSTRIAL TIMES; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; GREENHOUSE GASES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; 3-D MODELS; METHANE; AIR AB Ozone (O-3) from 17 atmospheric chemistry models taking part in the Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) has been used to calculate tropospheric ozone radiative forcings (RFs). All models applied a common set of anthropogenic emissions, which are better constrained for the present-day than the past. Future anthropogenic emissions follow the four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, which define a relatively narrow range of possible air pollution emissions. We calculate a value for the pre-industrial (1750) to present-day (2010) tropospheric ozone RF of 410 mW m(-2). The model range of pre-industrial to present-day changes in O-3 produces a spread (+/- 1 standard deviation) in RFs of +/- 17 %. Three different radiation schemes were used we find differences in RFs between schemes (for the same ozone fields) of +/- 10 %. Applying two different tropopause definitions gives differences in RFs of +/- 3 %. Given additional (unquantified) uncertainties associated with emissions, climate-chemistry interactions and land-use change, we estimate an overall uncertainty of +/- 30% for the tropospheric ozone RF. Experiments carried out by a subset of six models attribute tropospheric ozone RF to increased emissions of methane (44 +/- 12 %), nitrogen oxides (31 +/- 9 %), carbon monoxide (15 +/- 3 %) and non-methane volatile organic compounds (9 +/- 2 %); earlier studies attributed more of the tropospheric ozone RF to methane and less to nitrogen oxides. Normalising RFs to changes in tropospheric column ozone, we find a global mean normalised RF of 42 mW m(-2) DU-1, a value similar to previous work. Using normalised RFs and future tropospheric column ozone projections we calculate future tropospheric ozone RFs (mW m(-2); relative to 1750) for the four future scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) of 350, 420, 370 and 460 (in 2030), and 200, 300, 280 and 600 (in 2100). Models show some coherent responses of ozone to climate change: decreases in the tropical lower troposphere, associated with increases in water vapour; and increases in the sub-tropical to mid-latitude upper troposphere, associated with increases in lightning and stratosphere-to-troposphere transport. Climate change has relatively small impacts on global mean tropospheric ozone RF. C1 [Stevenson, D. S.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Doherty, R. M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Young, P. J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Young, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Naik, V.] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lamarque, J. -F.; Conley, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Lee, Y. H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Lee, Y. H.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Voulgarakis, A.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London, England. [Skeie, R. B.; Dalsoren, S. B.; Myhre, G.; Berntsen, T. K.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Folberth, G. A.; Rumbold, S. T.; Collins, W. J.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Zeng, G.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [van Noije, T. P. C.; Strunk, A.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Bergmann, D.; Cameron-Smith, P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Plummer, D. A.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Strode, S. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Horowitz, L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Sudo, K.] Nagoya Univ, Grad Sch Environm Studies, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Nagashima, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Josse, B.] CNRS Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, CNRM, GAME, Toulouse, France. [Cionni, I.] Agenzia Nazl Nuove Tecnol Energia & Sviluppo Econ, Bologna, Italy. [Righi, M.; Eyring, V.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Bowman, K. W.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster Environm Ctr, Lancaster, England. [Archibald, A.] Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1TN, England. RP Stevenson, DS (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM david.s.stevenson@ed.ac.uk RI Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Lee, Yunha/Q-7222-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Collins, William/A-5895-2010; Young, Paul/E-8739-2010; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Righi, Mattia/I-5120-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012 OI Righi, Mattia/0000-0003-3827-5950; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Archibald, Alexander/0000-0001-9302-4180; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Collins, William/0000-0002-7419-0850; Young, Paul/0000-0002-5608-8887; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; FU Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (ACC); Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme [GA01101]; Defra SSNIP air quality contract [AQ 0902]; New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation; National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; US Dept. of Energy (BER); LLNL [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NERSC [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan [S-7]; Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme; Norwegian Research Council; Meteo-France; CNRS; NASA MAP program; NASA ACMAP program; SciDAC program of the Dept. of Energy; UK Met Office; NOAA; CICERO; NIWA; Edinburgh University FX ACCMIP is organized under the auspices of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AC&C), a project of International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Project (IGBP) and World Climate Research Program (WCRP). The authors are grateful to the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC), which is part of the NERC National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), for collecting and archiving the ACCMIP data. D. S. thanks James Manners for assistance in setting up the E-S radiation code. GAF, STR and WJC were supported by the Joint DECC and Defra Integrated Climate Programme (GA01101) and the Defra SSNIP air quality contract AQ 0902. GZ acknowledges NIWA HPCF facility and funding from New Zealand Ministry of Science and Innovation. The CESM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. The work of DB and PC was funded by the US Dept. of Energy (BER), performed under the auspices of LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and used the supercomputing resources of NERSC under contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. VN and LWH acknowledge efforts of GFDL's Global Atmospheric Model Development Team in the development of the GFDL-AM3 and Modeling Services Group for assistance with data processing. The GEOSCCM work was supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction program, with computing resources provided by NASA's High-End Computing Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division. The MIROC-CHEM calculations were perfomed on the NIES supercomputer system (NEC SX-8R), and supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-7) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. The STOC-HadAM3 work made use of the facilities of HECToR, the UK's national high-performance computing service, which is provided by UoE HPCx Ltd at the University of Edinburgh, Cray Inc and NAG Ltd., and funded by the Office of Science and Technology through EPSRC's High End Computing Programme. The LMDz-OR-INCA simulations were done using computing resources provided by the CCRT/GENCI computer center of the CEA. The CICERO-OsloCTM2 simulations were done within the projects SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and EarthClim funded by the Norwegian Research Council. The MOCAGE simulations were supported by Meteo-France and CNRS. Supercomputing time was provided by Meteo-France/DSI supercomputing center. DTS and YHL acknowledge support from the NASA MAP and ACMAP programs. D. P. would like to thank the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences for their long-running support of CMAM development. AC was supported by the SciDAC program of the Dept. of Energy.; Finally, we acknowledge support towards publication costs from the UK Met Office, NOAA, CICERO and NIWA, in the absence of support from Edinburgh University. NR 99 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 6 U2 87 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 BP 3063 EP 3085 DI 10.5194/acp-13-3063-2013 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 117NU UT WOS:000316961000008 ER PT S AU Litorja, M Fein, M Wehner, E Schwarz, R Zuzak, K Livingston, E AF Litorja, Maritoni Fein, Mira Wehner, Eleanor Schwarz, Roderich Zuzak, Karel Livingston, Edward BE Douglass, MR Oden, PI TI Spectral light source distribution variations to enhance discrimination of the common bile duct from surroundings in reflectance hyperspectral images SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications V CY FEB 05-06, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, DLP Texas Instruments, VUZIX Corp DE hyperspectral imaging; common bile duct; contrast enhancement; spectral light distribution AB The classification of anatomical features using hyperspectral imaging has been a common goal in biomedical hyperspectral imaging. Identification and location of the common bile duct is critical in cholecystectomies, one of the most common surgical procedures. In this study, surgical images where the common bile duct is visible to the surgeon during open surgeries of patients with normal bile ducts were acquired. The effect of the spectral distribution of simulated light sources on the scene color are explored with the objective of providing the optimum spectral light distribution that can enhance contrast between the common bile duct and surrounding tissue through luminance and color differences. C1 [Litorja, Maritoni] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fein, Mira] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Wehner, Eleanor] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Schwarz, Roderich] Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. [Zuzak, Karel] Digital Light Innovat, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Livingston, Edward] Journal Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60654 USA. RP Litorja, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9387-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8618 AR 861805 DI 10.1117/12.2005663 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET57 UT WOS:000318030300004 ER PT S AU Samarov, D Wehner, E Schwarz, R Zuzak, K Livingston, E AF Samarov, Daniel Wehner, Eleanor Schwarz, Roderich Zuzak, Karel Livingston, Edward BE Douglass, MR Oden, PI TI Hyperspectral image segmentation of the common bile duct SO EMERGING DIGITAL MICROMIRROR DEVICE BASED SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Digital Micromirror Device Based Systems and Applications V CY FEB 05-06, 2013 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, DLP Texas Instruments, VUZIX Corp DE hyperspectral imaging; common bile duct; image segmentation; feature identification ID SURGERY; SYSTEM; RATES AB Over the course of the last several years hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has seen increased usage in biomedicine. Within the medical field in particular HSI has been recognized as having the potential to make an immediate impact by reducing the risks and complications associated with laparotomies (surgical procedures involving large incisions into the abdominal wall) and related procedures. There are several ongoing studies focused on such applications. Hyperspectral images were acquired during pancreatoduodenectomies (commonly referred to as Whipple procedures), a surgical procedure done to remove cancerous tumors involving the pancreas and gallbladder. As a result of the complexity of the local anatomy, identifying where the common bile duct (CBD) is can be difficult, resulting in comparatively high incidents of injury to the CBD and associated complications. It is here that HSI has the potential to help reduce the risk of such events from happening. Because the bile contained within the CBD exhibits a unique spectral signature, we are able to utilize HSI segmentation algorithms to help in identifying where the CBD is. In the work presented here we discuss approaches to this segmentation problem and present the results. C1 [Samarov, Daniel] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wehner, Eleanor] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Schwarz, Roderich] Univ Texas Southwestern Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. [Zuzak, Karel] Digital Light Innovat, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Livingston, Edward] Journal Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60654 USA. RP Samarov, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9387-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2013 VL 8618 AR 861807 DI 10.1117/12.2005612 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BET57 UT WOS:000318030300006 ER PT J AU Stuefer, M Freitas, SR Grell, G Webley, P Peckham, S McKeen, SA Egan, SD AF Stuefer, M. Freitas, S. R. Grell, G. Webley, P. Peckham, S. McKeen, S. A. Egan, S. D. TI Inclusion of ash and SO2 emissions from volcanic eruptions in WRF-Chem: development and some applications SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID TEPHRA-FALL DEPOSITS; REDOUBT VOLCANO; MODELING SYSTEM; AEROSOL; CLOUDS; ALASKA; DISPERSION; CHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; TRANSPORT AB We describe a new functionality within the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with coupled Chemistry (WRF-Chem) that allows simulating emission, transport, dispersion, transformation and sedimentation of pollutants released during volcanic activities. Emissions from both an explosive eruption case and a relatively calm degassing situation are considered using the most recent volcanic emission databases. A preprocessor tool provides emission fields and additional information needed to establish the initial three-dimensional cloud umbrella/vertical distribution within the transport model grid, as well as the timing and duration of an eruption. From this source condition, the transport, dispersion and sedimentation of the ash cloud can be realistically simulated by WRF-Chem using its own dynamics and physical parameterization as well as data assimilation. Examples of model applications include a comparison of tephra fall deposits from the 1989 eruption of Mount Redoubt (Alaska) and the dispersion of ash from the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption in Iceland. Both model applications show good coincidence between WRF-Chem and observations. C1 [Stuefer, M.; Webley, P.; Egan, S. D.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Freitas, S. R.] Ctr Weather Predict & Climate Studies CPTEC INPE, BR-12630000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Grell, G.; Peckham, S.; McKeen, S. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Stuefer, M (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM stuefer@gi.alaska.edu RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151 FU Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA08OAR4320751]; University of Alaska; US Air Force Weather Agency; University of Alaska Arctic Region Supercomputing Center; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; CNPq [302696/2008-3] FX This publication results in part from research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under cooperative agreement NA08OAR4320751 with the University of Alaska. The authors acknowledge support from the US Air Force Weather Agency, the University of Alaska Arctic Region Supercomputing Center, and the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. Saulo R. Freitas acknowledges support of this work by CNPq (302696/2008-3). We would like to thank Larry Mastin and the anonymous reviewer for their comments. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 457 EP 468 DI 10.5194/gmd-6-457-2013 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 137LY UT WOS:000318438600012 ER PT J AU Letscher, RT Hansell, DA Carlson, CA Lumpkin, R Knapp, AN AF Letscher, Robert T. Hansell, Dennis A. Carlson, Craig A. Lumpkin, Rick Knapp, Angela N. TI Dissolved organic nitrogen in the global surface ocean: Distribution and fate SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN SARGASSO SEA; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; CONVECTIVE OVERTURN; TIME-SERIES; MODE WATER; BALTIC SEA; MARINE; MATTER; CARBON; NUTRIENTS AB The allochthonous supply of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from gyre margins into the interior of the ocean's oligotrophic subtropical gyres potentially provides an important source of new N to gyre surface waters, thus sustaining export production. This process requires that a fraction of the transported DON be available to euphotic zone photoautotroph communities via mineralization. In this study, we investigated the biological and physical controls on the distribution and fate of DON within global ocean surface waters. Inputs of nitrate to the euphotic zone at upwelling zones fuel net accumulation of a DON pool that appears to resist rapid microbial remineralization, allowing subsequent advective transport into the subtropical gyres. Zonal gradients in DON concentrations across these gyres imply a DON sink in the surface layer. Assessment of the physical dynamics of gyre circulation and winter mixing revealed a pathway for DON removal from the mixed layer via vertical transport to the deep euphotic zone, which establishes the observed zonal gradients. Incubation experiments from the Florida Straits indicated surface-accumulated DON was largely resistant (over a few months) to utilization by the extant surface bacterioplankton community. In contrast, this same material was remineralized three times more rapidly when exposed to upper mesopelagic bacterioplankton. These results suggest the primary fate of surface DON to be removal via vertical mixing and subsequent mineralization below the mixed layer, implying a limited role for direct DON support of gyre export production from the surface layer. DON may contribute to export production at the eastern edges of the subtropical gyres, but only after its mineralization within the deep euphotic zone. C1 [Letscher, Robert T.; Hansell, Dennis A.; Knapp, Angela N.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Carlson, Craig A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Letscher, RT (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. EM robert.letscher@uci.edu RI Knapp, Angela/A-2194-2009; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; OI Knapp, Angela/0000-0001-5575-3382; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Hansell, Dennis/0000-0001-9275-3445; Letscher, Robert/0000-0002-3768-9003 FU National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-0752972, NSF OCE-0933076]; NOAA's Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX The authors received support for this work from the National Science Foundation: grant NSF OCE-0752972 to DAH and CAC for the U. S. Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography Program; and grant NSF OCE-0933076 to ANK. RL acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. We wish to thank all the P.I.'s, crew, and scientists involved with US Global Ocean Carbon and Repeat Hydrography program; their tireless efforts have made this study possible. Wenhao Chen and Charles Farmer (RSMAS) and Elisa Halewood and Maverick Carey (UCSB) are thanked for DOC and TDN analyses. Dr. Chris Sinigalliano (NOAA/AOML) is thanked for help and use of his equipment for DAPI counts. NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 67 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 141 EP 153 DI 10.1029/2012GB004449 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135GB UT WOS:000318275300014 ER PT J AU Frolicher, TL Joos, F Raible, CC Sarmiento, JL AF Froelicher, Thomas Lukas Joos, Fortunat Raible, Christoph Cornelius Sarmiento, Jorge Louis TI Atmospheric CO2 response to volcanic eruptions: The role of ENSO, season, and variability SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; EL-NINO; AIRBORNE FRACTION; CLIMATE; LAND; SINKS; SENSITIVITY; TRENDS; FLUXES; GROWTH AB Tropical explosive volcanism is one of the most important natural factors that significantly impact the climate system and the carbon cycle on annual to multi-decadal time scales. The three largest explosive eruptions in the last 50 years-Agung, El Chichon, and Pinatubo-occurred in spring/summer in conjunction with El Nino events and left distinct negative signals in the observational temperature and CO2 records. However, confounding factors such as seasonal variability and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may obscure the forcing-response relationship. We determine for the first time the extent to which initial conditions, i.e., season and phase of the ENSO, and internal variability influence the coupled climate and carbon cycle response to volcanic forcing and how this affects estimates of the terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks. Ensemble simulations with the Earth System Model (Climate System Model 1.4-carbon) predict that the atmospheric CO2 response is (similar to)60% larger when a volcanic eruption occurs during El Nino and in winter than during La Nina conditions. Our simulations suggest that the Pinatubo eruption contributed 11 +/- 6% to the 25 Pg terrestrial carbon sink inferred over the decade 1990-1999 and -2 +/- 1% to the 22 Pg oceanic carbon sink. In contrast to recent claims, trends in the airborne fraction of anthropogenic carbon cannot be detected when accounting for the decadal-scale influence of explosive volcanism and related uncertainties. Our results highlight the importance of considering the role of natural variability in the carbon cycle for interpretation of observations and for data-model intercomparison. C1 [Froelicher, Thomas Lukas; Joos, Fortunat; Raible, Christoph Cornelius] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, Bern, Switzerland. [Froelicher, Thomas Lukas; Sarmiento, Jorge Louis] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Joos, Fortunat; Raible, Christoph Cornelius] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climates Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. RP Frolicher, TL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tfrolich@princeton.edu RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; Raible, Christoph/M-8309-2016; OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Raible, Christoph/0000-0003-0176-0602; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030 FU Carbon Mitigation Initiative project at Princeton University; BP; Swiss National Science Foundation; National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Climate; European Project CARBOCHANGE [264879] FX TLF and JLS are supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative project at Princeton University, sponsored by BP, and TLF is also supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. CCR and FJ are supported by the National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) Climate, by the Swiss National Science Foundation, and by the European Project CARBOCHANGE (grant 264879). We thank C. Rodenbeck, P. Bousquet, and B. Stocker for making data from their studies available. Helpful comments from W. Buermann, M. Gloor, and D. Medvigy are acknowledged. The simulations were performed at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS). NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PY 2013 VL 27 IS 1 BP 239 EP 251 DI 10.1002/gbc.20028 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 135GB UT WOS:000318275300022 ER PT J AU Singh, N Koziol, KKK Chen, JH Patil, AJ Gilman, JW Trulove, PC Kafienah, W Rahatekar, SS AF Singh, Nandita Koziol, Krzysztof K. K. Chen, Jinhu Patil, Avinash J. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Trulove, Paul C. Kafienah, Wael Rahatekar, Sameer S. TI Ionic liquids-based processing of electrically conducting chitin nanocomposite scaffolds for stem cell growth SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; ALPHA-CHITIN; CHITOSAN; STIMULATION; DIFFERENTIATION; DISSOLUTION; DERIVATIVES; EXTRACTION; TOXICITY; FILMS AB In the present study, we have successfully combined the biocompatible properties of chitin with the high electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by mixing them using an imidazolium-based ionic liquid as a common solvent/dispersion medium. The resulting nanocomposites demonstrated uniform distribution of CNTs, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction confirmed the a-crystal structure of chitin in the regenerated chitin nanocomposite scaffolds. Increased CNT concentration in the chitin matrix resulted in higher conductivity of the scaffolds. Human mesenchymal stem cells adhered to, and proliferated on, chitin-CNT nanocomposites with different ratios. Cell growth in the first 3 days was similar on all composites at a range of (0.01 to 0.07) weight fraction of CNT. However, composites at a 0.1 weight fraction of CNTs showed reduced cell attachment. There was a significant increase in cell proliferation using 0.07 weight fraction CNT composites, suggesting a stem cell enhancing function for CNTs at this concentration. In conclusion, the ionic liquid allowed the uniform dispersion of CNTs and dissolution of chitin to create a biocompatible, electrically conducting scaffold permissive for mesenchymal stem cell function. This method will enable the fabrication of chitin-based advanced multifunctional biocompatible scaffolds where electrical conduction is critical for tissue function. C1 [Singh, Nandita; Kafienah, Wael] Univ Bristol, Sch Cellular & Mol Med, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. [Koziol, Krzysztof K. K.; Chen, Jinhu] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. [Patil, Avinash J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Ctr Organized Matter Chem, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sustainable Polymers Grp, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Rahatekar, Sameer S.] Univ Bristol, ACCIS, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. RP Singh, N (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Cellular & Mol Med, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. EM w.z.kafienah@bristol.ac.uk; Sameer.Rahatekar@bristol.ac.uk FU EPSRC; University of Bristol, Faculty of Engineering; Royal Society; European Research Council; Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-MIPRs) [F1ATA02045G002, F1ATA02325G003] FX Funding from 'EPSRC Cross Disciplinary Feasibility Study' and University of Bristol, Faculty of Engineering pump prime funding is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to acknowledge support from the Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information for access to their material characterization facility. K. Koziol thanks the Royal Society and European Research Council for financial support. J. W. Gilman and P. C. Trulove acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR-MIPRs, F1ATA02045G002, F1ATA02325G003). NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 42 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2013 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1192 EP 1202 DI 10.1039/c3gc37087a PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 135OB UT WOS:000318296700016 ER PT J AU Wang, ZHA Wanninkhof, R Cai, WJ Byrne, RH Hu, XP Peng, TH Huang, WJ AF Wang, Zhaohui Aleck Wanninkhof, Rik Cai, Wei-Jun Byrne, Robert H. Hu, Xinping Peng, Tsung-Hung Huang, Wei-Jen TI The marine inorganic carbon system along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coasts of the United States: Insights from a transregional coastal carbon study SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER PLUME; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; FLORIDA SHELF; BIGHT; DIOXIDE; SEA; WATER AB Distributions of total alkalinity (TA), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and other parameters relevant to the marine inorganic carbon system were investigated in shelf and adjacent ocean waters during a U.S. Gulf of Mexico and East Coast Carbon cruise in July-August 2007. TA exhibited near-conservative behavior with respect to salinity. Shelf concentrations were generally high in southern waters (Gulf of Mexico and East Florida) and decreased northward from Georgia to the Gulf of Maine. DIC was less variable geographically and exhibited strongly nonconservative behavior. As a result, the ratio of TA to DIC generally decreased northward. The spatial patterns of other CO2 system parameters closely followed those of the TA: DIC ratio. All sampled shelf waters were supersaturated with respect to aragonite (saturation state Omega(A) > 1). The most intensely buffered and supersaturated waters (Omega(A) > 5.0) were in northern Gulf of Mexico river-plume waters; the least intensely buffered and least supersaturated waters (Omega(A) < 1.3) were in the deep Gulf of Maine. Due to their relatively low pH, Omega(A), and buffer intensity, waters of the northeastern U. S. shelves may be more susceptible to acidification pressures than are their southern counterparts. In the Mid-Atlantic Bight, alongshore mixing tended to increase DIC concentrations southward, but this effect was largely offset by the opposing effects of biogeochemical processing. In the Gulf of Mexico, downstream increases in Loop Current DIC suggested significant contributions from shelf and gulf waters, estimated at 9.1 x 10(9) mol C d(-1). Off the southeastern U. S., along-flow chemical changes in the Florida Current were dominated by mixing associated with North Atlantic subtropical recirculation. C1 [Wang, Zhaohui Aleck] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik; Peng, Tsung-Hung] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cai, Wei-Jun; Huang, Wei-Jen] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Byrne, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Hu, Xinping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Wang, ZHA (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM zawang@whoi.edu RI Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013; Hu, Xinping/F-6282-2011 OI Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325; Hu, Xinping/0000-0002-0613-6545 FU NOAA [GC05-208] FX The study was supported by the NOAA Global Carbon Cycle Program, proposal GC05-208. NR 75 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 64 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0024-3590 EI 1939-5590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 58 IS 1 BP 325 EP 342 DI 10.4319/lo.2013.58.1.0325 PG 18 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130MV UT WOS:000317923000028 ER PT J AU Geraldi, NR Simpson, M Fegley, SR Holmlund, P Peterson, CH AF Geraldi, Nathan R. Simpson, Michael Fegley, Stephen R. Holmlund, Pelle Peterson, Charles H. TI Addition of juvenile oysters fails to enhance oyster reef development in Pamlico Sound SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Conservation; Crassostrea virginica; Biogenic; Bivalve; Habitat; Sanctuary; Shellfish ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PLANTING SEASON; RESTORATION; HABITAT; RECRUITMENT; SETTLEMENT; LARVAE; DEGRADATION; PREDATION AB Oyster reefs are one of the most depleted and degraded marine habitats worldwide. To reverse the current oyster reef declines, governmental and private organizations have invested substantial resources into oyster restoration. Restoration primarily consists of deploying hard substrate. If oyster recruitment is thought to be limited, hatchery-raised juvenile oysters are set on the hard substrate. These costly setting efforts are carried out despite limited information on whether seed oysters accelerate reef development and, if so, how oyster size and time of deployment maximize oyster survival. North Carolina, USA, has established subtidal oyster sanctuaries in Pamlico Sound using marl mounds and hatchery-raised juvenile oysters set on recycled shell. We experimentally manipulated marl mounds at 3 sanctuaries differing abiotically and biotically during summer 2010 and varied recycled shell and seed presence, seed size, and shell and seed deployment date. Although oyster settlement varied spatially, natural recruitment swamped any measurable effect of seeding. Our findings, in combination with information from 3 additional sanctuaries seeded in 2006 and 2008, indicate that seeding does not enhance oyster reef restoration efforts in Pamlico Sound. Financial resources used for oyster seed would be better used to increase the amount of substrate for oyster settlement. Although our results may not apply to areas with less natural oyster recruitment, our study highlights the need to quantify basic ecological processes on appropriate spatiotemporal scales to optimize restoration actions. Analogous information should underlie restoration planning for other biogenic habitats like seagrass meadows and coral reefs. C1 [Geraldi, Nathan R.; Simpson, Michael; Fegley, Stephen R.; Peterson, Charles H.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Holmlund, Pelle] North Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Geraldi, NR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM geraldi@email.unc.edu FU North Carolina Coastal Recreational Fishing License Grant; National Estuarine Research Reserve System under an award from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This research was made possible by logistical support for seeding from NCDMF and the assistance of NCDMF employees C. Hardy, S. Slade, and C. Calhoon. We thank C. Lewis, M. Vozzo, L. Brown, L. Dee, W. Rogers, C. Martin, V. Pinkerton, M. McQuillan, C. Bland, J. Meiner, J. Moore, S. Vos, and C. Biddle for help with field research; J. Weiss for assistance with statistical analysis; and B. VanDusen, J. Fodrie, A. Anton, and 4 anonymous reviewers for improving drafts of the manuscript. This research was funded by a North Carolina Coastal Recreational Fishing License Grant. Partial funding for N.R.G was provided by the National Estuarine Research Reserve System under an award from the Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 480 BP 119 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10188 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130RT UT WOS:000317937600008 ER PT J AU Ackiss, AS Pardede, S Crandall, ED Ablan-Lagman, MCA Ambariyanto Romena, N Barber, PH Carpenter, KE AF Ackiss, Amanda S. Pardede, Shinta Crandall, Eric D. Ablan-Lagman, Ma Carmen A. Ambariyanto Romena, November Barber, Paul H. Carpenter, Kent E. TI Pronounced genetic structure in a highly mobile coral reef fish, Caesio cuning, in the Coral Triangle SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Connectivity; Gene flow; Isolation by distance; Coral reef fish; Artisanal fisheries; Coral Triangle ID INDO-MALAY ARCHIPELAGO; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; PATTERNS; DNA; CONNECTIVITY; PHYLOGENIES; ALGORITHM; RESERVES; BARRIER AB The redbelly yellowtail fusilier Caesio cuning has a tropical Indo-West Pacific range that straddles the Coral Triangle, a region of dynamic geological history and the highest marine biodiversity on the planet. Previous genetic studies in the Coral Triangle indicate the presence of multiple limits to connectivity. However, these studies have focused almost exclusively on benthic, reef-dwelling species. Schooling, reef-associated fusiliers (Perciformes: Caesionidae) account for a sizable portion of the annual reef catch in the Coral Triangle, yet to date, there have been no in-depth studies on the population structure of fusiliers or other mid-water, reef-associated planktivores across this region. We evaluated the genetic population structure of C. cuning using a 382 bp segment of the mitochondrial control region amplified from over 620 fish sampled from 33 localities across the Philippines and Indonesia. Phylogeographic analysis showed that individuals sampled from sites in western Sumatra belong to a distinct Indian Ocean lineage, resulting in pronounced regional structure between western Sumatra and the rest of the Coral Triangle (Phi(CT) = 0.4796, p < 0.004). We found additional significant population structure between central Southeast Asia and eastern Indonesia (Phi(CT) = 0.0450, p < 0.001). These data in conjunction with spatial analyses indicate that there are 2 major lineages of C. cuning and at least 3 distinct management units across the region. The location of genetic breaks as well as the distribution of divergent haplotypes across our sampling range suggests that current oceanographic patterns could be contributing to observed patterns of structure. C1 [Ackiss, Amanda S.; Carpenter, Kent E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Pardede, Shinta] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Indonesian Marine Program, Bogor 16151, Indonesia. [Crandall, Eric D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Dept Ocean Sci, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Crandall, Eric D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Ablan-Lagman, Ma Carmen A.] De La Salle Univ, Dept Biol, Manila 1004, Philippines. [Ambariyanto] Diponegoro Univ, Fac Fisheries & Marine Sci, Dept Marine Sci, Semarang, Indonesia. [Romena, November] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Bur Fisheries & Aquaculture Res, Quezon City, Philippines. [Barber, Paul H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Ackiss, AS (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM aackiss@odu.edu OI Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU government of the Philippines; government of the Indonesia; NSF [OISE-0730256, OCE-0349177]; Christensen Fellowship, Dr. T. Parkinson; Wildlife Conservation Society FX We thank the governments of the Philippines and Indonesia for supporting this research collaboration. We thank the University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute, De La Salle University, Udayana University, A. Juinio-Menez and N. Mahardika for hosting laboratory work essential to this research. These collaborations were made possible by 2 grants from NSF: OISE-0730256 to K.E.C. and P.H.B. and NSF OCE-0349177 to P.H.B. Additional funding for this project was provided to S.P. from the Christensen Fellowship, Dr. T. Parkinson and the Wildlife Conservation Society. The National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) and the US Peace Corps in the Philippines and the Indonesian Ministry for Research and Technology (RISTEK) and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) in Indonesia assisted with collection permits and/or field logistics. Sampling in Indonesia was covered under permits 1187/SU/KS/2006, 04239/SU.3/KS/2006 and 0119/FRPSM/VI/2009. This work was aided by G. Allen, G. Batin, J. Drew, M. Erdmann, A. Hanson, D. Pada, R. Rachmawati, J. Raynal, J. Sanciangco, C. Starger, E. Stump and C. Yusuf. We acknowledge our anonymous reviewers for their suggestions for improvement of this manuscript. NR 66 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 480 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.3354/meps10199 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130RT UT WOS:000317937600013 ER PT J AU Ciannelli, L Fisher, JAD Skern-Mauritzen, M Hunsicker, ME Hidalgo, M Frank, KT Bailey, KM AF Ciannelli, Lorenzo Fisher, Jonathan A. D. Skern-Mauritzen, Mette Hunsicker, Mary E. Hidalgo, Manuel Frank, Kenneth T. Bailey, Kevin M. TI Theory, consequences and evidence of eroding population spatial structure in harvested marine fishes: a review SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE Spatial structure; Spatial ecology; Population dynamics; Fisheries ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; COD GADUS-MORHUA; COASTAL ATLANTIC COD; WALLEYE POLLOCK; BERING-SEA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DISTRIBUTION SHIFTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TROPHIC CONTROL AB In marine populations, spatial structure arises over a wide range of scales and forms hierarchical aggregations. Changing spatial structure can alter the demographic and life history trait variation within populations and subject individuals to both novel environmental conditions and interspecific interactions. Thus, changes in the spatial structure of marine populations can be a prelude to further changes in abundance and can affect the resilience and recovery potential of populations following anthropogenic and environmental perturbations. These observations under score the importance of studying the spatial ecology of marine fish populations in order to (1) understand the underlying mechanisms that can lead to rapid alterations in population abundance and community interactions, (2) provide indicators of stock health, and (3) characterize the consequences of changing spatial patterns on population susceptibility to exploitation and environmental variability. Here, we synthesize the interacting factors that influence the formation, maintenance and erosion of spatial structure in marine fish populations and identify the further con sequences of such erosion at the population and community levels. We emphasize human driven changes of population spatial structure for 3 levels of population genetic aggregation that are common in fisheries management scenarios, namely sympatric populations, metapopulations and panmictic populations. Case studies are presented for each level of aggregation. Throughout our review, we both summarize the factors that link spatial and temporal dynamics in marine populations and highlight the management and conservation implications of such linkages. C1 [Ciannelli, Lorenzo; Hunsicker, Mary E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Fisher, Jonathan A. D.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Fisheries & Marine Inst, Ctr Fisheries Ecosyst Res, St John, NF A1C 5R3, Canada. [Skern-Mauritzen, Mette] Inst Marine Res, Marine Mammal Res Grp, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Hidalgo, Manuel] Ctr Ocenog Balears, Inst Espanol Oceanog, Palma De Mallorca 07015, Spain. [Frank, Kenneth T.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Ocean Sci Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Bailey, Kevin M.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ciannelli, L (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM lciannel@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Hidalgo, Manuel/B-8023-2015 OI Hidalgo, Manuel/0000-0002-3494-9658 FU Research Council of Norway through the MICO [186310]; National Science Foundation - Research Coordination Network [1140207]; Norwegian Research Council's 'Adaptive management of living marine resources by integrating different data sources and key ecological processes (ADMAR)' program [20049/130] FX We thank the Research Council of Norway for funding the workshop Tropharct through the MICO project (number 186310, Match/Mismatch and Ecosystem). L.C. and M.H. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation - Research Coordination Network grant number 1140207. M.S.M. acknowledges support from grant number 20049/130 of the Norwegian Research Council's 'Adaptive management of living marine resources by integrating different data sources and key ecological processes (ADMAR)' program. We are indebted to J. Hutchings and P. Spencer, who reviewed earlier versions of this article, and to 4 anonymous reviewers, who provided insightful comments. Finally, we thank C. Vestfals, who is the author of Fig. 2. NR 97 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 71 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 480 BP 227 EP 243 DI 10.3354/meps10067 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130RT UT WOS:000317937600016 ER PT J AU Stige, LC Hunsicker, ME Bailey, KM Yaragina, NA Hunt, GL AF Stige, Leif Christian Hunsicker, Mary E. Bailey, Kevin M. Yaragina, Natalia A. Hunt, George L., Jr. TI Predicting fish recruitment from juvenile abundance and environmental indices SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Fish recruitment; Environmental covariates; Predicting recruitment; Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock; Bering Sea walleye pollock; Barents Sea capelin; Northeast Arctic cod; Northeast Arctic haddock ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; EASTERN BERING-SEA; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-ENCRASICOLUS; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; WALLEYE POLLOCK; SPAWNING STOCK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; GADUS-MORHUA; BISCAY ANCHOVY AB Prediction of year-class strength is a critical challenge for fisheries managers. Theoretically, predictions of recruitment should be better when they are based on estimates of cohort size taken close to the age of recruitment and may improve if the effects of environmental factors that influence pre-recruit mortality are accounted for. In practice, measurement error and difficulties in establishing robust recruitment-environment relationships complicate the picture. For 5 fish stocks of 4 species in 3 ecosystems, we examined the usefulness of indices of juvenile abundance relative to larval abundance for predicting recruitment. Further, we examined whether the use of environmental covariates improved predictions. For 2 of 4 stocks with sufficient data (1 stock did not have larval data), juvenile abundance was a better predictor of recruitment compared to larval indices. For the 2 other stocks, we found that juvenile indices were not superior to larval indices, possibly because of error in the measurement of juvenile abundance. In all 5 of these stocks, regression analysis showed that inclusion of environmental correlates contributed significantly to explaining recruitment variation compared to models based on juvenile indices alone. Further, cross validation showed that forecasts of future recruitment were either improved or qualitatively unchanged by including environmental correlates. This was despite apparent nonstationarity in the recruitment-environment relationships; most of the environmental variables and pre-recruit abundance indices were significantly correlated with recruitment for only parts of the studied period. Such complex responses to environmental changes are difficult to anticipate, yet the environmental information should not be ignored altogether. C1 [Stige, Leif Christian] Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Hunsicker, Mary E.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Bailey, Kevin M.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Yaragina, Natalia A.] Polar Res Inst Marine Fisheries & Oceanog, Murmansk 183038, Russia. [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stige, LC (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Biol, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. EM l.c.stige@bio.uio.no RI Stige, Leif/P-6806-2015; OI Stige, Leif/0000-0002-6808-1383; Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 FU Research Council of Norway (RCN) through the MICO; RCN through the ADMAR; NSF; CAMEO FX We thank The Research Council of Norway (RCN) for funding the workshop Tropharct through the MICO project (Match/Mismatch and Ecosystem). We are greatly in debt to all of the people who made available the data used in the study. We are thankful for an RCN grant to L.C.S. through the ADMAR project, an NSF grant to G.L.H., and a CAMEO grant to M.E.H. This work is a product of the IMBER regional program, Ecosystem Studies of Sub-Arctic Seas (ESSAS). The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. We thank T. J. Quinn II, J. Napp, M. Mauritzen, and 3 anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 44 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2013 VL 480 BP 245 EP 261 DI 10.3354/meps10246 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 130RT UT WOS:000317937600017 ER PT J AU Price, VE Auster, PJ Kracker, L AF Price, Victoria E. Auster, Peter J. Kracker, Laura TI Use of High-Resolution DIDSON Sonar to Quantify Attributes of Predation at Ecologically Relevant Space and Time Scales SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE predator; pray; behaviour; reef; hydroacoustics ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT MORTALITY; REEF FISHES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; HABITAT; PREY; BEHAVIOR; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS AB Predator-prey interactions of large vagile fishes are difficult to study in the ocean due to limitations in the space and time requirements for observations. Small-scale direct underwater observations by divers (ca. <10 m radius) and large-scale hydroacoustic surveys (10 s m(2) to 100 s km(2)) are traditional approaches for surveying fish. However, large piscivorous predators identify and attack prey at the scale of meters to tens of meters. Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar (or DIDSON) is a high-resolution acoustic camera operating in the MHz range that provides detailed continuous video-like imaging of objects up to a range of 30 m. This technology can be used to observe predator-prey interactions at ecologically relevant space and time scales often missed by traditional methods. Here we establish an approach for quantifying predation-related behaviors from DIDSON records. Metrics related to predator and prey group size, prey responses to predation, predation rate, predator strategies, and the nonrandom use of landscape features by both predator and prey are described. In addition, relationships between patterns in these attributes are tested and issues regarding sampling strategies for future studies are discussed. We suggest that approaches combining direct visual observation and acoustic sampling at multiple scales are required to quantify variation in these relationships across underwater landscapes. C1 [Price, Victoria E.; Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Price, Victoria E.] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Technol & Educ Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter J.] Myst Aquarium, Sea Res Fdn, Groton, CT USA. [Kracker, Laura] NOAA Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC USA. RP Price, VE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM Victoria.Price@noaa.gov FU Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary; Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club FX The authors thank Frank Bohlen and Chris Taylor for advice during the course of this study and for comments on earlier drafts of this paper. The officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster made time in the field pleasant and productive. Support from Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary, especially from Greg McFall and Sarah Fangman, made this work possible. Scholarships from the Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club to the lead author are gratefully acknowledged. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of NOAA or its subagencies. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 18 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 33 EP 46 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 112IJ UT WOS:000316585600004 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, V AF Srinivasan, Vijay TI Reflections on the role of science in the evolution of dimensioning and tolerancing standards SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART B-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MANUFACTURE LA English DT Article DE Dimensioning; tolerancing; standards; scientific developments; classification; theory; theorems ID COMPUTATIONAL METROLOGY; PRODUCT GEOMETRY; SURFACE AB Dimensioning and tolerancing standards originated about 75 years ago in the form of various national and company standards that governed engineering draughting and documentation practices. They served the purpose of communicating to manufacturers what geometric variations designers could tolerate in a product without compromising the product's intended function. These standards have evolved over time and are by now well entrenched in the engineering profession throughout the world. For several initial decades, this evolution was driven primarily by codification of best engineering practices without the benefit of any systematic scientific treatment. This trend encountered a major hurdle in early 1980s when the emergence of computer-aided design and manufacturing systems forced a drastic reexamination of these standards with a greater emphasis on mathematical formalism. Since then, scientific principles to explain past practices and to guide future evolution have emerged, and the role of science has now become more prominent in the development of these standards. This article describes some of the key scientific research results that have already had an impact, and the future scientific trends that are likely to have an influence, on these evolving standards. C1 NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0954-4054 J9 P I MECH ENG B-J ENG JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part B-J. Eng. Manuf. PD JAN PY 2013 VL 227 IS B1 BP 3 EP 11 DI 10.1177/0954405412464012 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 131JL UT WOS:000317989100001 ER PT S AU Dadfarnia, M Lee, YT Kibira, D Feeney, AB AF Dadfarnia, Mehdi Lee, Y. Tina Kibira, Deogratias Feeney, Allison Barnard BE Paredis, CJJ Bishop, C Bodner, D TI Requirements Analysis for Safer Ambulance Patient Compartments SO 2013 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th Annual Conference on Systems Engineering Research (CSER) CY MAR 19-22, 2013 CL Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA SP Georgia Res Tech Inst, Intercax, IBM Res HO Georgia Inst Technol DE Ambulance patient compartment; emergency medical services (EMS); safety; use cases; requirements analysis AB Providing emergency care services in the confined space of the patient compartment of a moving ambulance has proven a hazardous activity. A National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST)/Department of Homeland Security (DHS) project is applying systems engineering approaches to analyze requirements and develop design guidance that will improve Emergency Medical Services (EMS) workers' safety while optimizing patient care. The analysis of an ambulance's patient compartment requires multiple disciplines such as ergonomics and crashworthiness. Systems engineering tools provide a platform to perform the analysis by bridging these disciplines and bringing information sources together. In the first phase of this project we compiled a number of requirements from the results of literature reviews, a nationwide web survey, workshops and focus group meetings. The next phase entails our process for reconciling potentially conflicting requirements from use case scenarios and then determining which constraints and metrics to be used for trade-off analysis and optimization in a human simulation modeling tool. The results of this analysis are being used to develop ambulance patient compartment design recommendations that will be provided as inputs to current and emerging ambulance design standards. In this paper we report on our efforts to provide science-based recommendations that may be used as a basis to revise and enhance current ambulance design standards and practices. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Georgia Institute of Technology C1 [Dadfarnia, Mehdi; Lee, Y. Tina; Kibira, Deogratias; Feeney, Allison Barnard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dadfarnia, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2013 VL 16 BP 601 EP 610 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2013.01.063 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BEL52 UT WOS:000317222600063 ER PT J AU Cuypers, Y Le Vaillant, X Bouruet-Aubertot, P Vialard, J McPhaden, MJ AF Cuypers, Y. Le Vaillant, X. Bouruet-Aubertot, P. Vialard, J. McPhaden, M. J. TI Tropical storm-induced near-inertial internal waves during the Cirene experiment: Energy fluxes and impact on vertical mixing SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE OCEANIC EDDIES; MIXED-LAYER; INDIAN-OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; HURRICANES KATRINA; WIND; MOTIONS; MODEL; SHEAR; DISSIPATION AB Near-inertial internal waves (NIW) excited by storms and cyclones play an essential role in driving turbulent mixing in the thermocline and interior ocean. Storm-induced mixing may be climatically relevant in regions like the thermocline ridge in the southwestern Indian Ocean, where a shallow thermocline and strong high frequency wind activity enhance the impact of internal gravity wave-induced mixing on sea surface temperature. The Cirene research cruise in early 2007 collected ship-borne and mooring vertical profiles in this region under the effect of a developing tropical cyclone. In this paper, we characterize the NIW field and the impact of these waves on turbulent mixing in the upper ocean. NIW packets were identified down to 1000 m, the maximum depth of the measurements. We estimated an NIW vertical energy flux of up to 2.5 m Wm(-2) within the pycnocline, which represents about 10% of the maximum local wind power input. A non-negligible fraction of the wind power input is hence potentially available for subsurface mixing. The impact of mixing by internal waves on the upper ocean heat budget was estimated from a fine-scale mixing parameterization. During the first leg of the cruise (characterized by little NIW activity), the average heating rate due to mixing was similar to 0.06 degrees C month(-1) in the thermocline (23-24 k gm(-3) isopycnals). During the second leg, characterized by strong NIW energy in the thermocline and below, this heating rate increased to 0.42 degrees C month(-1), indicative of increased shear instability along near inertial wave energy pathways. C1 [Cuypers, Y.; Le Vaillant, X.; Bouruet-Aubertot, P.; Vialard, J.] Univ Paris 06, Lab Oceanog Experimentat & Approches Numer, CNRS, IRD, F-75232 Paris 05, France. [McPhaden, M. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cuypers, Y (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN Case 100, F-75232 Paris 05, France. EM Yannis.Cuypers@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Cuypers, Yannis/H-9869-2016 OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; FU Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); NOAA; The LEFE/IDAO program of the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) FX We thank Claudie Marec from INSU and Jacques Grelet from IRD for their technical support in the deployment of the mooring, collection of the CTD/LADCP profiles, and the processing of the data. B. Luong implemented the Schutze and Schwetlick free-knot spline algorithm that we use to isolate wave groups. JV is funded by Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). MJM is funded by NOAA. The LEFE/IDAO program of the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) also supported this work. This is PMEL Contribution 3804. NR 70 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2013 VL 118 IS 1 BP 358 EP 380 DI 10.1029/2012JC007881 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 129JU UT WOS:000317836100025 ER EF