FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU De Robertis, A Wilson, CD Furnish, SR Dahl, PH AF De Robertis, Alex Wilson, Christopher D. Furnish, Scott R. Dahl, Peter H. TI Underwater radiated noise measurements of a noise-reduced fisheries research vessel SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Noise reduced; radiated noise; research vessel ID SHIP; FISH AB Vessel-radiated noise is traditionally measured at naval acoustic ranges, but lower-cost options are desirable for routine monitoring of research vessels. Measurements of a noise-reduced research vessel made at a naval noise range are compared to those made using an experimental mooring equipped with commercially available instrumentation. The measurements from the mooring were precise and within 2.5 dB of those from the noise range at third-octave bands <500 Hz. At higher frequencies, direct comparisons were precluded by an intermittent shaft-related noise present only during the mooring measurements, but previously observed at the navy range. The agreement between the two methods suggests that simplified, field-deployable hydrophone systems can be used to accurately characterize the noise signatures of research vessels. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Wilson, Christopher D.; Furnish, Scott R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dahl, Peter H.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Office of Science and Technology; Alaska Fisheries Science Center FX This work as funded by NOAA's Office of Science and Technology and the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 2 BP 480 EP 484 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fss172 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 132TN UT WOS:000318091700023 ER PT J AU Li, GN Rao, GH Huang, QZ Gao, QQ Luo, J Liu, GY Li, JB Liang, JK AF Li, Guannan Rao, Guanghui Huang, Qingzhen Gao, Qingqing Luo, Jun Liu, Guangyao Li, Jingbo Liang, Jingkui TI Phase precipitation in the Bi1-xCaxMnO3 compounds (x=0.4-0.6) SO EPL LA English DT Article ID CHARGE; DIAGRAM; MANGANITES; LA0.5CA0.5MNO3; BI1-XSRXMNO3; TEMPERATURE; (BI,CA)MNO3; SEPARATION; CRYSTAL; ORDER AB Charge ordering (CO) in Bi1-xCaxMnO3 (x = 0.4-0.6) has been investigated by temperature-dependent high-resolution neutron powder diffraction (NPD), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and physical property measurements. Anomalies in magnetization, resistivity and lattice parameters have been observed around the CO transition temperature (T-CO) reported in the literature. However, a scrutiny of the NPD and XRD data at different temperatures and the electron diffraction experiments at 300 K give no evidence of a long-range CO below the reported T-CO. Instead, NPD and XRD reveal a coexistence of two orthorhombic phases in the samples below the reported T-CO. All the experiments suggest that one of the coexisting phases is originated from a precipitation or an incomplete structural transition of the other phase and the reported T-CO corresponds to the precipitation reaction or structural transition temperature, rather than a CO transition temperature. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2013 C1 [Li, Guannan; Rao, Guanghui; Gao, Qingqing; Luo, Jun; Liu, Guangyao; Li, Jingbo; Liang, Jingkui] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Rao, Guanghui] Guilin Univ Elect Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, Peoples R China. [Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rao, GH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM ghrao@iphy.ac.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [11074295, 50872148]; Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province [2012GXNS-FGA060002] FX This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11074295 and 50872148) and by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province (Grant No. 2012GXNS-FGA060002). NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 19 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD MAR PY 2013 VL 101 IS 6 AR 67004 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/101/67004 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 130LL UT WOS:000317918300024 ER PT J AU Schirber, S Klocke, D Pincus, R Quaas, J Anderson, JL AF Schirber, Sebastian Klocke, Daniel Pincus, Robert Quaas, Johannes Anderson, Jeffrey L. TI Parameter estimation using data assimilation in an atmospheric general circulation model: From a perfect toward the real world SO JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS LA English DT Article ID ADAPTIVE COVARIANCE INFLATION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SIMULTANEOUS STATE; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; ALGORITHM; WEATHER; WELL AB This study explores the viability of parameter estimation in the comprehensive general circulation model ECHAM6 using ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation techniques. Four closure parameters of the cumulus-convection scheme are estimated using increasingly less idealized scenarios ranging from perfect-model experiments to the assimilation of conventional observations. Updated parameter values from experiments with real observations are used to assess the error of the model state on short 6 h forecasts and on climatological timescales. All parameters converge to their default values in single parameter perfect-model experiments. Estimating parameters simultaneously has a neutral effect on the success of the parameter estimation, but applying an imperfect model deteriorates the assimilation performance. With real observations, single parameter estimation generates the default parameter value in one case, converges to different parameter values in two cases, and diverges in the fourth case. The implementation of the two converging parameters influences the model state: Although the estimated parameter values lead to an overall error reduction on short timescales, the error of the model state increases on climatological timescales. C1 [Schirber, Sebastian] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Klocke, Daniel] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quaas, Johannes] Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany. [Anderson, Jeffrey L.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Schirber, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Bundesstr 53, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. EM sebastian.schirber@zmaw.de RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Quaas, Johannes/I-2656-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Quaas, Johannes/0000-0001-7057-194X FU Max Planck Society; International Max Planck Research School for Earth System Modeling; National Science Foundation's Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Phenomena; German Research Foundation; European Union FX We thank the Max Planck Society, the International Max Planck Research School for Earth System Modeling, the National Science Foundation's Center for Multi-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric Phenomena, the German Research Foundations Emmy Noether grant, and the European Union, Seventh Framework Program EUCLIPSE, for supporting this work. Simulations were carried out on the supercomputing facilities of the German Climate Computation Centre (DKRZ) in Hamburg. Lorenzo Tomassini and Bjorn Stevens provided valuable feedback on earlier drafts of this work. Heikki Jarvinen and one anonymous reviewer helped to refine the arguments. Thomas Reichler provided the code to calculate I2 to evaluate the climate simulations. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1942-2466 J9 J ADV MODEL EARTH SY JI J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 58 EP 70 DI 10.1029/2012MS000167 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129IT UT WOS:000317833300005 ER PT J AU Asaf, D Rotenberg, E Tatarinov, F Dicken, U Montzka, SA Yakir, D AF Asaf, David Rotenberg, Eyal Tatarinov, Fyodor Dicken, Uri Montzka, Stephen A. Yakir, Dan TI Ecosystem photosynthesis inferred from measurements of carbonyl sulphide flux SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE; COS; SOIL; DIOXIDE; SINK; TRANSPIRATION; RESPIRATION; DISULFIDE; VARIABLES; SCALE AB Limited understanding of carbon dioxide sinks and sources on land is often linked to the inability to distinguish between the carbon dioxide taken up by photosynthesis, and that released by respiration(1,2). Carbonyl sulphide, a sulphur-containing analogue of carbon dioxide, is also taken up by plants, and could potentially serve as a powerful proxy for photosynthetic carbon dioxide uptake, which cannot be directly measured above the leaf scale. Indeed, variations in atmospheric concentrations of carbonyl sulphide are closely related to those of carbon dioxide at regional, local and leaf scales(3-9). Here, we use eddy covariance and laser spectroscopy(10) to estimate the net exchange of carbon dioxide and carbonyl sulphide across three pine forests, a cotton field and a wheat field in Israel. We estimate gross primary productivity-a measure of ecosystem photosynthesis-directly from the carbonyl sulphide fluxes, and indirectly from carbon dioxide fluxes. The two estimates agree within an error of +/- 15%. The ratio of carbonyl sulphide to carbon dioxide flux at the ecosystem scale was consistent with the variability in mixing ratios observed on seasonal timescales in the background atmosphere. We suggest that atmospheric measurements of carbonyl sulphide flux could provide an independent constraint on estimates of gross primary productivity, key to projecting the response of the land biosphere to climate change. C1 [Asaf, David; Rotenberg, Eyal; Tatarinov, Fyodor; Dicken, Uri; Yakir, Dan] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Montzka, Stephen A.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yakir, D (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM dan.yakir@weizmann.ac.il RI Yakir, Dan/K-1500-2012; OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Israel Science Foundation (ISF); Minerva foundation; JNF-KKL; C. Wills and R. Lewis program in Environmental Science FX We are grateful to G. Fratini for help using EddyPro, and to M. Cuntz, G. Wohlfart and J. Berry for helpful discussions. The technical help of H. Sagi and A. Pelner are gratefully acknowledge. This work was made possible by financial support from the Israel Science Foundation (ISF), the Minerva foundation, the JNF-KKL, and the C. Wills and R. Lewis program in Environmental Science. NR 28 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 59 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 6 IS 3 BP 186 EP 190 DI 10.1038/ngeo1730 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 117IC UT WOS:000316945800017 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R Flament, PJ AF Lumpkin, Rick Flament, Pierre J. TI Extent and Energetics of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; DRIVEN; OCEAN; ISLANDS; DECOMPOSITION; DRIFTERS; FLOW AB Direct velocity observations from drogued drifters in the Hawaiian Island region are used to map the time-mean and seasonal variability of the Hawaiian Lee Countercurrent (HLCC). The density of these data has more than doubled since the initial discovery of the HLCC. They provide valuable absolute estimates of HLCC velocity structure and variability, complementing data derived from geostrophy and numerical simulations. The data demonstrate that the HLCC has a peak annual mean velocity > 9 cm s1, with the strongest velocities along 19.75 degrees N and eastward speeds in the longitudinal range 170 degrees W to 157 degrees W. The HLCC is relatively weak from March to May compared to its strength in other months. In the longitude band 160 degrees 168 degrees W, an eddy-to-mean energy flux of 3.3 +/- 1.2 mu W m3 is found in the annual mean associated with the Reynolds shear stress, maintaining the shear between the HLCC and the North Equatorial Current to its south. This shear stress is associated with energetic anticyclonic eddies that are shed from the Big Island of Hawaii and propagate west-southwest. This energy flux is nearly twice as large during the peak HLCC months of August to January. It is sufficient to spin up the HLCC in O(10 days), and it is associated with an eddy spin-down time of O(100 days). C1 [Lumpkin, Rick] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. [Flament, Pierre J.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL USA. EM rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU NOAM Climate Program Office; Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory; NOAs Integrated Ocean Observing System; State of Hawaii FX The authors would like to thank Verena Hormann, Renellys Perez, and two anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions for this paper. RL received support from NOAM Climate Program Office and Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. PF receives support from NOAs Integrated Ocean Observing System program and from the State of Hawaii. The drifter data were collected and made freely available by the Global Drifter Program (http://www.aoml.noaa. gov/phod/dac). NCEP Reanalysis data were provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, CO (http://www.cdc.noaa.gov). University of Hawaii's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) contribution no. 8820. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 1 BP 58 EP 65 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 125HE UT WOS:000317530100012 ER PT J AU Rutledge, R Steenburgh, R Viereck, R Onsager, T AF Rutledge, R. Steenburgh, R. Viereck, R. Onsager, T. TI NOAA's Space Weather Prediction Center Releases Two New Products SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT News Item C1 [Rutledge, R.] NOAA, Space Weather Forecast Off, SWPC, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Steenburgh, R.; Viereck, R.; Onsager, T.] NOAA, SWPC, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Rutledge, R (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Forecast Off, SWPC, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM robert.rutledge@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1539-4956 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD MAR PY 2013 VL 11 IS 3 BP 94 EP 94 DI 10.1002/swe.20031 PG 1 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129JC UT WOS:000317834300002 ER PT J AU Tollerud, EI Etherton, B Toth, Z Jankov, I Jensen, TL Yuan, HL Wharton, LS McCaslin, PT Mirvis, E Kuo, B Brown, BG Nance, L Koch, SE Eckel, FA AF Tollerud, Edward I. Etherton, Brian Toth, Zoltan Jankov, Isidora Jensen, Tara L. Yuan, Huiling Wharton, Linda S. McCaslin, Paula T. Mirvis, Eugene Kuo, Bill Brown, Barbara G. Nance, Louisa Koch, Steven E. Eckel, F. Anthony TI The DTC Ensembles Task A New Testing and Evaluation Facility for Mesoscale Ensembles SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Tollerud, Edward I.; Etherton, Brian; Toth, Zoltan; Jankov, Isidora; Jensen, Tara L.; Wharton, Linda S.; McCaslin, Paula T.; Mirvis, Eugene; Kuo, Bill; Brown, Barbara G.; Nance, Louisa] Dev Testbed Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Tollerud, Edward I.; Etherton, Brian; Toth, Zoltan; Wharton, Linda S.; McCaslin, Paula T.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Jankov, Isidora] Precis Wind, Boulder, CO USA. [Jankov, Isidora] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jensen, Tara L.; Mirvis, Eugene; Kuo, Bill; Brown, Barbara G.; Nance, Louisa] NCAR, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yuan, Huiling] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yuan, Huiling] Nanjing Univ, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather, Minist Educ, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Koch, Steven E.] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Eckel, F. Anthony] Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Tollerud, EI (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edward.tollerud@noaa.gov RI Yuan, Huiling/G-9795-2013; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015; Etherton, Brian/E-7419-2015; jankov, isidora/D-2830-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194; Etherton, Brian/0000-0002-2760-0095; NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 321 EP 327 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00209.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 122OO UT WOS:000317327600004 ER PT J AU Gall, R Franklin, J Marks, F Rappaport, EN Toepfer, F AF Gall, Robert Franklin, James Marks, Frank Rappaport, Edward N. Toepfer, Frederick TI THE HURRICANE FORECAST IMPROVEMENT PROJECT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION; ERROR; SENSITIVITY; MODEL; COVARIANCES; SYSTEM; TRACK; ECMWF AB Over the decade prior to 2007, the increasing vulnerability of the United States to damage and economic disruption from tropical storms and hurricanes was dramatically demonstrated by the impacts of a number of land-falling storms. In 2008, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) established the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project (HFIP) to significantly increase the agency's capability to address this vulnerability and begin to mitigate the impacts. In fiscal year 2009, The White House amended the president's budget and Congress appropriated funding to achieve a 20% reduction in forecast error (track and intensity) in 5 years with 50% reduction in 10 years. Over the past 3 years, H HP has built computational infrastructure and implemented a focused set of cross-organizational research and development (R&D) activities to develop, demonstrate, and implement enhanced operational modeling capabilities to improve the numerical forecast guidance made available to the National Hurricane Center (NHC). HFIP collaborators, including federal laboratories and academic partners, have demonstrated potential for dramatic improvements in both hurricane track and intensity (up to 40%) prediction through the application of new techniques, including improved data assimilation, higher-resolution models (global and regional), enhanced model physics, better use of existing data sources to initialize regional hurricane models, and new postprocessing techniques. During each hurricane season, HFIP will run an experimental C1 [Gall, Robert; Toepfer, Frederick] NOAA, NWS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Franklin, James; Rappaport, Edward N.] NOAA, NWS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Marks, Frank] NOAA, OAR, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Gall, R (reprint author), NOAA, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM robert.gall@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514 NR 43 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 329 EP 343 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00071.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 122OO UT WOS:000317327600005 ER PT J AU Shein, KA Todey, DP Akyuz, FA Angel, JR Kearns, TM Zdrojewski, JL AF Shein, Karsten A. Todey, Dennis P. Akyuz, F. Adnan Angel, James R. Kearns, Timothy M. Zdrojewski, James L. TI REVISITING THE STATEWIDE CLIMATE EXTREMES FOR THE UNITED STATES Evaluating Existing Extremes, Archived Data, and New Observations SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB New all-time extreme climate records have been set in several states over the past few years. These records highlighted a need to review the existing statewide climate extremes tables maintained by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). Also, since these tables were last updated, NCDC has greatly extended its digital data record into the past for many locations and has applied imprmied quality assurance processes to its archived data, revealing several potential new record values. To ensure the records maintained in the statewide climate extremes tables accurately reflect the most current and valid data available, the records were reevaluated. The all-time maximum and minimum temperature, all-time greatest 24-h precipitation and snowfall, and all-time greatest snow depth for each of the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands were manually examined to determine their validity, accuracy, accessibility, and provenance. NCDC's data holdings were scoured for values that might exceed established records, and the validity of each potentially record-breaking observation was evaluated. The revised extremes tables were vetted by the National Weather Service, regional climate centers, and state climatologists to ensure agreement. In conjunction with this revision, a new state climate extremes evaluation process has been established to formally consider any potential challenges to the existing records and update the records tables as necessary. C1 [Shein, Karsten A.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Todey, Dennis P.] S Dakota State Univ, South Dakota Off Climatol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. [Akyuz, F. Adnan] N Dakota State Univ, Fargo, ND 58105 USA. [Angel, James R.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Illinois State Climatologist Off, Prairie Res Inst, Urbana, IL USA. [Kearns, Timothy M.] NOAA, NWS, WFO Aberdeen, Aberdeen, SD USA. [Zdrojewski, James L.] NOAA, NWS, Climate Serv Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Shein, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM karsten.shein@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00013.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 122OO UT WOS:000317327600009 ER PT J AU Bourassa, MA Gille, ST Bitz, C Carlson, D Cerovecki, I Clayson, CA Cronin, MF Drennan, WM Fairall, CW Hoffman, RN Magnusdottir, G Pinker, RT Renfrew, IA Serreze, M Speer, K Talley, LD Wick, GA AF Bourassa, Mark A. Gille, Sarah T. Bitz, Cecilia Carlson, David Cerovecki, Ivana Clayson, Carol Anne Cronin, Meghan F. Drennan, Will M. Fairall, Chris W. Hoffman, Ross N. Magnusdottir, Gudrun Pinker, Rachel T. Renfrew, Ian A. Serreze, Mark Speer, Kevin Talley, Lynne D. Wick, Gary A. TI HIGH-LATITUDE OCEAN AND SEA ICE SURFACE FLUXES: CHALLENGES FOR CLIMATE RESEARCH SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENT HEAT FLUXES; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; RADIATIVE FLUXES; PROBABILITY-DISTRIBUTION; SAMPLING ERRORS; GLOBAL OCEAN; WIND STRESS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; SHORTWAVE IRRADIANCE AB Polar regions have great sensitivity to climate forcing; however, understanding of the physical processes coupling the atmosphere and ocean in these regions is relatively poor. Improving our knowledge of high-latitute surface fluxes will require close collaboration among meteorologists, oceanographers, ice physicists, and climatologists, and between observationalists and modelers, as well as new combinations of in situ measurements and satellite remote sensing. This article describes the deficiencies in our current state of knowledge about air-sea surface fluxes in high latitutes, the sensitivity of various high-latitude processes to changes in surface fluxes, and the scientific requirements for surface fluxes at high latitutdes. We inventory the reasons, both logistical and physical, why existing flux products do not meet these requirements. Capturing an annual cycle in fluxes requires that instruments function through long periods of cold polar darkness, often far from support services, in situations subject to icing and extreme wave conditions. Furthermore, frequent cloud cover at high latitudes restricts the avilability of surface and atmospheric data from visible and infrared (IR) wavelength satellite sensors. Recommendations are made for improving high-latitude fluxes, including 1) acquiring more in situ observations, 2) developing improved satellite-flux-observing capabilities, 3) making observations and flux products more accessible, and 4) encouraging flux intercomparisons. C1 [Bourassa, Mark A.; Clayson, Carol Anne; Speer, Kevin] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gille, Sarah T.; Cerovecki, Ivana; Talley, Lynne D.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bitz, Cecilia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Carlson, David] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Drennan, Will M.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Fairall, Chris W.; Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoffman, Ross N.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Magnusdottir, Gudrun] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Pinker, Rachel T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Renfrew, Ian A.] Univ E Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Serreze, Mark] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gille, ST (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mail Code 0230, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sgille@ucsd.edu RI Renfrew, Ian/E-4057-2010; Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010; Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016; OI Renfrew, Ian/0000-0001-9379-8215; Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499; Gille, Sarah/0000-0001-9144-4368; Drennan, William/0000-0003-1708-4311 FU U.S. CLIVAR FX U.S. CLIVAR provided logistical support and funding for the High Latitude Surface Flux Working Group. We thank the anonymous reviewers who contributed substantially to the final quality of the paper through their careful and thoughtful reviews, and we thank the BAMS editors for their patience and help with this project. We also thank Ed Andreas, Shenfu Dong, Paul Hughes, Ryan Maue, and E. Paul Oberlander for their contributions. GEWEX version 3.0 and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data used in Fig. 7 were downloaded from the Langley Research Center (LaRC) Atmospheric Science Data Center (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/). The CERES 2.50 data were downloaded from the Radiative Flux Assessment site (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov /GEWEX-RFA/) and have the file name CERES-SR-BAVG-Terra-GEO-MOD_Ed02d_SFC-MAP-MONLST-GLOB-ASWDN_2000039999_R FA01. U.S. CLIVAR and NASA supported the Surface Fluxes: Challenges for High Latitudes workshop. NR 152 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 44 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 403 EP 423 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00244.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 122OO UT WOS:000317327600010 ER PT J AU Assael, MJ Mylona, SK Tsiglifisi, CA Huber, ML Perkins, RA AF Assael, M. J. Mylona, S. K. Tsiglifisi, Ch A. Huber, M. L. Perkins, R. A. TI Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of n-Hexane from the Triple Point to 600 K and up to 500 MPa SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Article DE critical phenomena; n-hexane; thermal conductivity; transport properties ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; HYDROCARBONS; ALKANES; FLUIDS; DIFFUSIVITY; PRESSURES; EQUATIONS; MIXTURES; BEHAVIOR AB This paper contains new, representative reference equations for the thermal conductivity of n-hexane. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. In the case of the dilute-gas thermal conductivity, a theoretically based correlation was adopted in order to extend the temperature range of the experimental data. Moreover, in the critical region, the experimentally observed enhancement of the thermal conductivity is well represented by theoretically based equations containing just one adjustable parameter. The correlations are applicable for the temperature range from the triple point to 600 K and pressures up to 500 MPa. The overall uncertainty (considered to be estimates of a combined expanded uncertainty with a coverage factor of 2) of the proposed correlation is estimated, for pressures less than 500 MPa and temperatures less than 600 K, to be less than 6%. (C) 2013 by the U. S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793335] C1 [Assael, M. J.; Mylona, S. K.; Tsiglifisi, Ch A.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Dept Chem Engn, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Huber, M. L.; Perkins, R. A.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Assael, MJ (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Thermophys Properties & Environm Proc, Dept Chem Engn, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. EM assael@auth.gr RI Assael, Marc/K-5545-2012; OI Assael, Marc/0000-0003-1221-6899; Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 FU International Association for Transport Properties (IATP) FX The work described in this paper was carried out under the auspices of the International Association for Transport Properties (IATP). NR 51 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD MAR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 1 AR 013106 DI 10.1063/1.4793335 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 117RI UT WOS:000316970400006 ER PT J AU Garboczi, EJ Bullard, JW AF Garboczi, E. J. Bullard, J. W. TI Contact function, uniform-thickness shell volume, and convexity measure for 3D star-shaped random particles SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Particle; Morphology; Contact function; Convexity; Shell; Interface ID DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD; ARBITRARY GEOMETRIES; DETECTION ALGORITHMS; RANDOM-FIELDS; MU-M; PERCOLATION; ELLIPSOIDS; CONCRETE; SIMULATIONS; TOMOGRAPHY AB Using a spherical harmonic series, the three-dimensional shape of star-shaped particles (e.g. most powders, sand, gravel) can be represented mathematically as readily as can a sphere, cube, or ellipsoid. In principle, any particle parameter, such as volume, surface area, moment of inertia tensor, or integrated mean curvature, can be easily computed. In this paper, we extend this list by developing three important algorithms, which have been found useful for regular particles, and adapt them to the case of random star-shaped particles using spherical harmonic series. These three algorithms are: a two-particle contact function, how to add a uniform-thickness shell to a single particle, and estimation of the convexity of a single particle using an algorithm for computing the convex hulls of non-convex particles. A derivation and numerical examples are shown for each algorithm. The two-particle contact function may be used in random particle placement programs, so that random-shaped particles may be used in suspension models as readily as spheres or ellipsoids. New results are shown for how the volume of a uniform-thickness shell, normalized by the surface area of the original particle, depends on the shell thickness t. For a sphere, the exact expression is cubic in t, with the linear coefficient unity and the quadratic coefficient equal to the reciprocal of the sphere radius. For star-shaped particles, the coefficient of the linear term is also unity. For all star-shaped particles considered, the coefficient of the quadratic term in t is approximately equal to the reciprocal of the radius of the volume-equivalent sphere, to within a few percent. The convexity measure, using convex hulls, adds to the list of useful shape parameters for random star-shaped particles and is shown to distinguish between different particle sets. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Garboczi, E. J.; Bullard, J. W.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edward.garboczi@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Project: Innovative Measurement Science - Shape Metrology FX We would like to thank E. Schlangen, Z. Qian, and G. Ye at the Delft University of Technology for useful conversations and encouragement to finally complete and document the overlap function work that was started nine years ago. Partial support of this work was supplied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology Project: Innovative Measurement Science - Shape Metrology. NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0032-5910 EI 1873-328X J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 237 BP 191 EP 201 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.019 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 121PO UT WOS:000317256900026 ER PT J AU Sollmann, R Gardner, B Parsons, AW Stocking, JJ McClintock, BT Simons, TR Pollock, KH O'Connell, AF AF Sollmann, Rahel Gardner, Beth Parsons, Arielle W. Stocking, Jessica J. McClintock, Brett T. Simons, Theodore R. Pollock, Kenneth H. O'Connell, Allan F. TI A spatial mark-resight model augmented with telemetry data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abundance; Bayesian statistics; camera trapping; density; mark-resight; Metropolis-within-Gibbs sampler; population estimation; Procyon lotor; raccoons; spatial capture-recapture; telemetry ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; DENSITY ESTIMATORS; POPULATION-SIZE; HETEROGENEITY; CARNIVORES; ABUNDANCE; RATES; NESTS AB Abundance and population density are fundamental pieces of information for population ecology and species conservation, but they are difficult to estimate for rare and elusive species. Mark-resight models are popular for estimating population abundance because they are less invasive and expensive than traditional mark-recapture. However, density estimation using mark-resight is difficult because the area sampled must be explicitly defined, historically using ad hoc approaches. We developed a spatial mark-resight model for estimating population density that combines spatial resighting data and telemetry data. Incorporating telemetry data allows us to inform model parameters related to movement and individual location. Our model also allows <100% individual identification of marked individuals. We implemented the model in a Bayesian framework, using a custom-made Metropolis-within-Gibbs Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. As an example, we applied this model to a mark-resight study of raccoons (Procyon lotor) on South Core Banks, a barrier island in Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina, USA. We estimated a population of 186.71 +/- 14.81 individuals, which translated to a density of 8.29 +/- 0.66 individuals/km(2) (mean +/- SD). The model presented here will have widespread utility in future applications, especially for species that are not naturally marked. C1 [Sollmann, Rahel; Gardner, Beth] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries & Wildlife Program, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Parsons, Arielle W.; Stocking, Jessica J.; Simons, Theodore R.] N Carolina State Univ, USGS, NC Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [McClintock, Brett T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Pollock, Kenneth H.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20708 USA. RP Sollmann, R (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Forestry & Environm Resources, Fisheries & Wildlife Program, 110 Brooks Ave, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. EM rsollma@ncsu.edu FU Natural Resource Preservation Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service FX Funding support was provided by the Natural Resource Preservation Program of the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service. We are grateful to the resource management staff at Cape Lookout NS for their logistical support. We thank J. Andrew Royle, Richard B. Chandler, Brian Reich and two anonymous reviewers for comments that greatly improved the manuscript. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. government. NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 85 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAR PY 2013 VL 94 IS 3 BP 553 EP 559 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118RU UT WOS:000317044300001 PM 23687880 ER PT J AU Melet, A Hallberg, R Legg, S Polzin, K AF Melet, Angelique Hallberg, Robert Legg, Sonya Polzin, Kurt TI Sensitivity of the Ocean State to the Vertical Distribution of Internal-Tide-Driven Mixing SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DEEP-OCEAN; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; ROUGH TOPOGRAPHY; CLIMATE MODELS; ABYSSAL OCEAN; Z-COORDINATE; ENERGY FLUX; PART I; DISSIPATION AB The ocean interior stratification and meridional overturning circulation are largely sustained by diapycnal mixing. The breaking of internal tides is a major source of diapycnal mixing. Many recent climate models parameterize internal-tide breaking using the scheme of St. Laurent et al. While this parameterization dynamically accounts for internal-tide generation, the vertical distribution of the resultant mixing is ad hoc, prescribing energy dissipation to decay exponentially above the ocean bottomwith a fixed-length scale. Recently, Polzin formulated a dynamically based parameterization, in which the vertical profile of dissipation decays algebraically with a varying decay scale, accounting for variable stratification using Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) stretching. This study compares two simulations using the St. Laurent and Polzin formulations in the Climate Model, version 2G (CM2G), ocean-ice-atmosphere coupled model, with the same formulation for internal-tide energy input. Focusing mainly on the Pacific Ocean, where the deep low-frequency variability is relatively small, the authors show that the ocean state shows modest but robust and significant sensitivity to the vertical profile of internal-tide-driven mixing. Therefore, not only the energy input to the internal tides matters, but also where in the vertical it is dissipated. C1 [Melet, Angelique; Legg, Sonya] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Polzin, Kurt] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Melet, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM angelique.melet@noaa.gov RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010 FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0968721]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Department of Commerce [NA08OAR4320752] FX The authors thank Stephen Griffies and Maxim Nikurashin for reviewing early versions of this manuscript, Bonnie Samuels for helping to set up the simulations, and the three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments leading to improvements in the manuscript. This work is a component of the Internal-Wave Driven Mixing Climate Process Team funded by the National Science Foundation Grant OCE-0968721 and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, Award NA08OAR4320752. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 51 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 43 IS 3 BP 602 EP 615 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-12-055.1 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 119RJ UT WOS:000317114800008 ER PT J AU Catry, P Lemos, RT Brickle, P Phillips, RA Matias, R Granadeiro, JP AF Catry, P. Lemos, R. T. Brickle, P. Phillips, R. A. Matias, R. Granadeiro, J. P. TI Predicting the distribution of a threatened albatross: The importance of competition, fisheries and annual variability SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID INTRA-SPECIFIC COMPETITION; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SOUTH GEORGIA; FALKLAND ISLANDS; FORAGING AREAS; PATAGONIAN SHELF; GPS TRACKING; SEABIRD; OCEAN; MANAGEMENT AB The ability to predict the distribution of threatened marine predators is essential to inform spatially explicit seascape management. We tracked 99 individual black-browed albatrosses Thalassarche melanophris from two Falkland Islands' colonies in 2 years. We modeled the observed distribution of foraging activity taking environmental variables, fisheries activity (derived from vessel monitoring system data), accessibility to feeding grounds and intra-specific competition into account. The resulting models had sufficient generality to make reasonable predictions for different years and colonies, which allows temporal and spatial variation to be incorporated into the decision making process by managers for regions and seasons where available information is incomplete. We also illustrated that long-ranging birds from colonies separated by as little as 75 km can show important spatial segregation at sea, invalidating direct or uncorrected extrapolation from one colony to neighboring ones. Fisheries had limited influence on albatross distribution, despite the well known scavenging behavior of these birds. The models developed here have potentially wide application to the identification of sensitive geographical areas where special management practices (such as fisheries closures) could be implemented, and would predict how these areas are likely to move with annual and seasonal changes in environmental conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Catry, P.; Matias, R.] ISPA, Ecoethol Res Unit, P-1149041 Lisbon, Portugal. [Catry, P.] Univ Lisbon, Museu Nacl Hist Nat & Ciencia, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Lemos, R. T.] NOAA, NMES Environm Res Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Lemos, R. T.] Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Ctr Applicat Nat Resource Math CARM, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Phillips, R. A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Matias, R.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn TR10 9EZ, England. [Granadeiro, J. P.] Univ Lisbon, Museu Nacl Hist Nat & Ciencia, CESAM, P-1250102 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Catry, P (reprint author), ISPA, Ecoethol Res Unit, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, P-1149041 Lisbon, Portugal. EM paulo.catry@gmail.com; rtlemos@gmail.com; PBrickle@fisheries.gov.fk; raphil@bas.ac.uk; rfsmatias@gmail.com; jpgranadeiro@fc.ul.pt RI Silva Tavares de Lemos, Ricardo/D-6703-2012; Catry, Paulo/I-5408-2013; Granadeiro, Jose Pedro/E-8060-2011; CESAM, UA/M-3762-2015 OI Catry, Paulo/0000-0003-3000-0522; Granadeiro, Jose Pedro/0000-0002-7207-3474; FU Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal) [PTDC/MAR/099366/2008, PEst-OE/MAR/UI0331/2011, SFRH/BD/47378/2008]; Falkland Islands Government FX We are grateful to the many fieldworkers who assisted with the study. The New Island Conservation Trust supported field studies on their New Island reserve. Wildlife Conservation Society granted permission for work on Steeple Jason. This study was financed by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-Portugal) through Project PTDC/MAR/099366/2008, Project PEst-OE/MAR/UI0331/2011 and through a Grant (SFRH/BD/47378/2008) to R.M. Formal permits and further financial support were received from the Falkland Islands Government. Ian, Georgina and Maria Strange provided important support in the field and in Stanley. We also thank John Barton, Director of Natural Resources for supporting this work. NR 56 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 65 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 110 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.01.005 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 120KN UT WOS:000317169300001 ER PT J AU Bowler, R Warring, U Britton, JW Sawyer, BC Amini, J AF Bowler, R. Warring, U. Britton, J. W. Sawyer, B. C. Amini, J. TI Arbitrary waveform generator for quantum information processing with trapped ions SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTER AB Atomic ions confined in multi-electrode traps have been proposed as a basis for scalable quantum information processing. This scheme involves transporting ions between spatially distinct locations by use of time-varying electric potentials combined with laser or microwave pulses for quantum logic in specific locations. We report the development of a fast multi-channel arbitrary waveform generator for applying the time-varying electric potentials used for transport and for shaping quantum logic pulses. The generator is based on a field-programmable gate array controlled ensemble of 16-bit digital-to-analog converters with an update frequency of 50 MHz and an output range of +/- 10 V. The update rate of the waveform generator is much faster than relevant motional frequencies of the confined ions in our experiments, allowing diabatic control of the ion motion. Numerous pre-loaded sets of time-varying voltages can be selected with 40 ns latency conditioned on real-time signals. Here we describe the device and demonstrate some of its uses in ion-based quantum information experiments, including speed-up of ion transport and the shaping of laser and microwave pulses. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795552] C1 [Bowler, R.; Warring, U.; Britton, J. W.; Sawyer, B. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Amini, J.] Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bowler, R (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ryan.bowler@nist.gov OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 FU IARPA through ARO [DNI-11523A1]; ARO [EAO139840]; ONR; DARPA; NIST Quantum Information Program FX This work was supported by IARPA through ARO (Grant No. DNI-11523A1), ARO (Grant No. EAO139840), ONR, DARPA, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. We thank D. Leibfried, J. Gaebler and R. Jordens for helpful comments on the manuscript. This paper is a contribution of NIST and not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 AR 033108 DI 10.1063/1.4795552 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 117PS UT WOS:000316966200008 PM 23556808 ER PT J AU Ranzani, L Spietz, L Popovic, Z Aumentado, J AF Ranzani, Leonardo Spietz, Lafe Popovic, Zoya Aumentado, Jose TI Two-port microwave calibration at millikelvin temperatures SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NETWORK ANALYZER CALIBRATION; PARAMETERS AB In this work we introduce a system for 2-port microwave calibration at millikelvin temperatures operating at the coldest stage of a dilution refrigerator by use of an adapted thru-reflect-line algorithm. We show that this can be an effective tool for characterizing common 50 Omega microwave components with better than 0.1 dB accuracy at temperatures that are relevant to many current experiments in superconducting quantum information. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794910] C1 [Ranzani, Leonardo; Spietz, Lafe; Aumentado, Jose] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Popovic, Zoya] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ranzani, L (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM leonardo.ranzani@colorado.edu; jose.aumentado@nist.gov RI Ranzani, Leonardo/E-8421-2013; Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 AR 034704 DI 10.1063/1.4794910 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 117PS UT WOS:000316966200034 PM 23556834 ER PT J AU Weiland, C Browning, R Karlin, BA Fischer, DA Woicik, JC AF Weiland, Conan Browning, Raymond Karlin, Barry A. Fischer, Daniel A. Woicik, Joseph C. TI Note: Alignment/focus dependent core-line sensitivity for quantitative chemical analysis in hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using a hemispherical electron analyzer SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; SYSTEMS AB X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is an established technique for quantitative chemical analysis requiring accurate peak intensity analysis. We present evidence of focus/alignment dependence of relative peak intensities for peaks over a broad kinetic energy range with a hemispherical electron analyzer operated in a position imaging mode. A decrease of over 50% in the Ag 2p(3/2) to Ag 3d ratio is observed in a Ag specimen. No focus/alignment dependence is observed when using an angular imaging mode, necessitating the use of angular mode for quantitative chemical analysis. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795406] C1 [Weiland, Conan; Browning, Raymond; Karlin, Barry A.; Fischer, Daniel A.; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weiland, C (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Weiland, Conan/K-4840-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The authors would like to thank Patrik Karlsson, VG Scienta AB, for calculation of transmission functions and helpful discussions on electron optics. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 3 AR 036106 DI 10.1063/1.4795406 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 117PS UT WOS:000316966200058 PM 23556858 ER PT J AU Pettibone, JM Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Pettibone, John M. Gigault, Julien Hackley, Vincent A. TI Discriminating the States of Matter in Metallic Nanoparticle Transformations: What Are We Missing? SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanocluster; field-flow fractionation; silver; dissolution; synthesis; nanotoxicology; nanomaterlals ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CLUSTERS; NANOCLUSTERS; NANOCRYSTALS; AU; CYTOTOXICITY; DISSOLUTION AB A limiting factor In assessing the risk of current and emerging nanomaterials In biological and environmental systems is the ability to accurately detect and characterize their size, shape, and composition In broad product distributions and complex media. Asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) is capable of separation without stationary phase interactions or large applied forces. Here, we demonstrate unprecedented A4F fractionation of metallic nanodusters with core diameters near 1 nm and with high resolution. The Isolated nanocluster populations were characterized online with UV vis absorption and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We apply our methodology to a model system, poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-protected silver nanoparticles with an excess of tripeptide-glutathione (GSH). The temporal evolution of the initial silver nanoparticle distribution In the presence of excess GSH results in the appearance and persistence of a continuum of matter states (e.g., Ag+ nanoclusters and nanoparticles) that could be fractionated with A4F, characterized by their optical signatures and diffusion coefficients, and quantified with ICP-MS. The results suggest that our methodology is generally applicable to metallic systems when appropriate online detection is coupled to the A4F. Because we extend the capability of the coupled A4F system to reliably detect, characterize, and quantify metallic populations In the sub-5 nm regime, the opportunity exists to survey the formation and transformation products of nanomaterials in more relevant biological and environmental systems. Thus, individually assessing the risks associated with specific ion, nanocluster, and nanoparticle populations is achievable, where such populations may have previously been misrepresented. C1 [Pettibone, John M.; Gigault, Julien; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pettibone, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.pettibone@nist.gov; julien.gigault@nist.gov RI Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013; OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 134 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 3 BP 2491 EP 2499 DI 10.1021/nn3058517 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 115YB UT WOS:000316846700067 PM 23425128 ER PT J AU Daly, B Eckert, GL White, TD AF Daly, Benjamin Eckert, Ginny L. White, Timothy D. TI Predation of hatchery-cultured juvenile red king crabs (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the wild SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; MARINE STOCK ENHANCEMENT; BRISTOL BAY ALASKA; AMERICAN LOBSTER; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; BLUE-CRAB; RESPONSIBLE APPROACH; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY AB The ecologically and commercially important red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) is depleted throughout much of the North Pacific and thought to be recruitment-limited, making it an appropriate candidate for stock enhancement efforts. Information on predation of newly settled red king crabs in nearshore habitats is needed to assess the feasibility of large-scale releases. We tethered hatchery-cultured red king crabs of two sizes (range: 1.75-4.08 mm carapace width) in the field for 24 h trials in July and September 2011 and used underwater video cameras to identify predators and predation susceptibility. We identified hermit crabs (Pagurus spp.), Alaskan ronquil (Bathymaster caeruleofasciatus), Arctic shanny (Sticheus punctatus), northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra), and kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) as predators. Survival did not vary by body size or deployment month; however, small crabs were consumed sooner than large crabs. Most predation events occurred in daylight hours, with the exception of Alaskan ronquil. Our results suggest stock enhancement efforts should consider predator assemblages when developing release strategies. Future studies should investigate spatial variation in predation pressure at multiple locations on broad temporal scales to optimize release strategies and understand population-level effects. C1 [Daly, Benjamin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Eckert, Ginny L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau Ctr, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [White, Timothy D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Daly, B (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM ben.daly@noaa.gov FU Sea Grant Aquaculture grant; NSF REU fellowship (NSF) [0852111] FX Funding for this project was provided by a Sea Grant Aquaculture grant awarded to the University of Alaska Fairbanks and a NSF REU fellowship to T. D. W. (NSF No. 0852111 to the University of Alaska Southeast). The authors thank the Alaska Department of Fish and Game for collecting ovigerous females, J. Swingle for hatchery rearing assistance, J. Hetrick for hatchery logistical support, J. Pirtle for advice on field logistics, and J. Sylvan for crab care and field support. B. Konar, G. Kruse, and A. Stoner provided helpful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 70 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 358 EP 366 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0377 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118RJ UT WOS:000317043200002 ER PT J AU Lauretta, MV Camp, EV Pine, WE Frazer, TK AF Lauretta, Matthew Vincent Camp, Edward Vincent Pine, William Earl, III Frazer, Thomas Kerry TI Catchability model selection for estimating the composition of fishes and invertebrates within dynamic aquatic ecosystems SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EFFICIENCY; COMPETITION; MANAGEMENT; ABUNDANCE; STREAM; COMPLEXITY; GRADIENTS; PREDATION; DENSITY; FLOW AB We evaluated alternative catchability models for estimating the composition of fishes and decapods in two coastal rivers sampled via capture-recapture boat electrofishing, seine removal sampling, and throw trap removal sampling. Information criteria were used to select between linear and nonlinear catchability models and assess heterogeneity in catchability coefficients across populations, sampling reaches, and sampling events. The selected electrofishing catchability model assumed linearity between catch per unit effort and population density, with heterogeneity in catchability coefficients among taxa and between rivers. Linear models were selected for seine and throw trap samples, with heterogeneity in catchability coefficients among taxa, sampling reaches, and sampling events. We emphasize the importance of estimating population density, rather than abundance exclusively, when accurate community composition estimates are needed. The analytical techniques employed have broad-scale application in quantifying key components of ecosystems by integrating information from multiple sampling gears targeting different taxa or trophic guilds and in accounting for variable sampling intensity and catchability heterogeneity in the estimation of community composition. C1 [Lauretta, Matthew Vincent; Camp, Edward Vincent; Frazer, Thomas Kerry] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Program, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. [Pine, William Earl, III] Univ Florida, Dept Wildlife Ecol & Conservat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lauretta, MV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM matthew.lauretta@noaa.gov FU Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and the US Fish and Wildlife Service for project funding through the Florida Wildlife Legacy Initiative and State Wildlife Grants Program. We thank A. Dutterer, M. Edwards, E. Nagid, W. Strong, T. Tuten, C. Miller, A. Williams, Z. Martin, A. Cichra, and E. Buttermore for assistance with field sampling and laboratory analysis. We thank M. Allen, C. Walters, M. Cohen, J. Tetzlaff, M. Hangsleben, S. Hicks, B. Gehrig, C. Finch, M. Gryzbek, and M. Dodrill for manuscript review. We thank five anonymous reviewers who provided critical feedback that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 381 EP 392 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0319 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118RJ UT WOS:000317043200004 ER PT J AU Moran, P Teel, DJ Banks, MA Beacham, TD Bellinger, MR Blankenship, SM Candy, JR Garza, JC Hess, JE Narum, SR Seeb, LW Templin, WD Wallace, CG Smith, CT AF Moran, Paul Teel, David J. Banks, Michael A. Beacham, Terry D. Bellinger, M. Renee Blankenship, Scott M. Candy, John R. Garza, John Carlos Hess, Jon E. Narum, Shawn R. Seeb, Lisa W. Templin, William D. Wallace, Colin G. Smith, Christian T. TI Divergent life-history races do not represent Chinook salmon coast-wide: the importance of scale in Quaternary biogeography SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; GENETIC POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; SOCKEYE-SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA AB The dynamic Quaternary geology of the Pacific Ring of Fire created substantial challenges for biogeography. Fish life history and population genetic variation were shaped by climate change, repeated formation and subsidence of ice sheets, sea-level change, volcanism and tectonics, isostatic rebound, and now human activities. It is widely recognized in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) that parallel evolution and phenotypic plasticity have obscured range-wide patterns of life-history segregation with evolutionary lineage, yet the idea of the lineages themselves persists. We employed a large, internationally standardized, microsatellite data set to explore population structure at coast-wide scale and test for two divergent lineages, whether or not related to life history. We found at least 27 distinct lineages. However, relationships among groups were poorly resolved - essentially a star phylogeny. We found pervasive isolation by distance among groups, complicating cluster analysis. Only in the interior Columbia River (east of the Cascade Mountains) is there a deep genetic bifurcation that supports both the two-lineage hypothesis and the life-history segregation hypothesis. This broad-scale perspective helps reconcile different views of Chinook salmon phylogeography and life-history distribution. C1 [Moran, Paul; Teel, David J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Banks, Michael A.; Bellinger, M. Renee] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Fisheries Genet Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Beacham, Terry D.; Candy, John R.; Wallace, Colin G.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. [Blankenship, Scott M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Mol Genet Lab, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Garza, John Carlos] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hess, Jon E.; Narum, Shawn R.] Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Seeb, Lisa W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Templin, William D.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Gene Conservat Lab, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Smith, Christian T.] Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Moran, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Paul.Moran@noaa.gov RI Hess, Jon/F-5124-2012; OI Hess, Jon/0000-0002-3643-202X; Bellinger, M. Renee/0000-0001-5274-9572 FU Pacific Salmon Commission; NOAA Fisheries; GAPS Consortium FX This manuscript was improved substantially over previous versions based on extensive discussion and comment by R. Waples. Several anonymous reviewers also provided valuable comments that helped clarify and improve the paper. Funding for this work was provided by the Pacific Salmon Commission and NOAA Fisheries, with matching funds provided by all agencies and institutions that participated in the GAPS Consortium. We specifically acknowledge Bonneville Power Administration for extensive genetic research that contributed to the GAPS coast-wide Chinook salmon database. The findings and conclusions of this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent tribal, state, or federal governments, nor the universities and research institutions associated with the GAPS Consortium. NR 93 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 415 EP 435 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0135 PG 21 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118RJ UT WOS:000317043200007 ER PT J AU Curti, KL Collie, JS Legault, CM Link, JS AF Curti, Kiersten L. Collie, Jeremy S. Legault, Christopher M. Link, Jason S. TI Evaluating the performance of a multispecies statistical catch-at-age model SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BANK FISH COMMUNITY; VIRTUAL POPULATION ANALYSIS; CLUPEA-HARENGUS COMPLEX; SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; GEORGES-BANK; PREDATION MORTALITY; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; GULF; ECOSYSTEM AB Predation is a substantial source of mortality that is a function of the abundance of predator and prey species. This source of mortality creates a challenge of incorporating species interactions in statistical catch-at-age models in a way that accounts for the uncertainty in input data, parameters, and results. We developed a statistical, age-structured, multispecies model for three important species in the Georges Bank fish community: Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis), and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). The model was fit to commercial catch, survey, and diet data from 1978 to 2007. The estimated predation rates were high, compared with fishing mortality, and variable with time. The dynamics of the three species can be explained by the interplay between fishing and predation mortality. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the ability of the model to estimate parameters with known error introduced into each of the data types. The model parameters could be estimated with confidence from input data with error levels similar to those obtained from the model fit to the observed data. This evaluation of model performance should help to move multispecies statistical catch-at-age models from proof of concept to functional tools for ecosystem-based fisheries management. C1 [Curti, Kiersten L.; Collie, Jeremy S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Legault, Christopher M.; Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Curti, KL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Kiersten.Curti@noaa.gov FU Rhode Island Sea Grant [R/F-041, R/F-061]; NOAA-National Sea Grant Graduate Fellowship in Population Dynamics [NA070AR4170482] FX We thank Steve Martell and Jim Ianelli for sharing their expertise in ADMB and model development. We thank Kray Van Kirk for assistance in troubleshooting model code. We thank Jon Hare for his constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. This project was funded by Rhode Island Sea Grant through project numbers R/F-041 and R/F-061 and by a NOAA-National Sea Grant Graduate Fellowship in Population Dynamics NA070AR4170482. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 20 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 470 EP 484 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0229 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118RJ UT WOS:000317043200011 ER PT J AU Chilcote, MW Goodson, KW Falcy, MR AF Chilcote, M. W. Goodson, K. W. Falcy, M. R. TI Reduced recruitment performance in natural populations of anadromous salmonids associated with hatchery-reared fish (vol 68, pg 511, 2011) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction ID WILD STEELHEAD TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ADULT STAGE C1 [Chilcote, M. W.] NOAA Fisheries, Salmon Management Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Goodson, K. W.; Falcy, M. R.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR 97303 USA. RP Chilcote, MW (reprint author), US Forest Serv, POB 129, Girdwood, AK 99587 USA. EM mwchilcote@fs.fed.us NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 513 EP 515 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0542 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 118RJ UT WOS:000317043200014 ER PT J AU Ng, LC Musser, A Persily, AK Emmerich, SJ AF Ng, Lisa C. Musser, Amy Persily, Andrew K. Emmerich, Steven J. TI Multizone airflow models for calculating infiltration rates in commercial reference buildings SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE Airflow; Energy; CONTAM; EnergyPlus; Reference buildings; Ventilation ID ENERGY; VENTILATION AB Sixteen reference building models were created in the multizone airflow and contaminant transport program CONTAM in order to support physically based airflow calculations, as well as indoor air quality analyses, that are not possible using the existing EnergyPlus input files of these buildings. The EnergyPlus models were created for assessing new technologies and supporting the development of energy codes in pursuing building energy efficiency improvements. These models employed an oversimplified approach to infiltration in which infiltration rates were input as constant values. A number of additional inputs had to be defined for the CONTAM models to realistically account for airflow, including the addition of several building zones. Annual airflow simulations were performed in CONTAM for six of the sixteen reference buildings. There are clear relationships between the infiltration rates calculated by CONTAM and weather, which are not exhibited in the EnergyPlus results. In addition, the building envelope airtightness values assumed in either approach have a major impact on calculated infiltration rates. The results of this study provide a baseline for subsequent use of these models to investigate design approaches and technologies that are intended to reduce building energy consumption, improve indoor air quality, or both. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ng, Lisa C.; Persily, Andrew K.; Emmerich, Steven J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Musser, Amy] Vandemusser Design PLLC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Ng, LC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lisa.ng@nist.gov NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.11.035 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 112GH UT WOS:000316580200002 ER PT J AU Merlis, TM Schneider, T Bordoni, S Eisenman, I AF Merlis, Timothy M. Schneider, Tapio Bordoni, Simona Eisenman, Ian TI The Tropical Precipitation Response to Orbital Precession SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HADLEY CIRCULATION RESPONSE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MONSOON DYNAMICS; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; INDIAN MONSOON; ASIAN MONSOON; SCALE CHANGES; PART II; CLIMATE; SIMULATIONS AB Orbital precession changes the seasonal distribution of insolation at a given latitude but not the annual mean. Hence, the correlation of paleoclimate proxies of annual-mean precipitation with orbital precession implies a nonlinear rectification in the precipitation response to seasonal solar forcing. It has previously been suggested that the relevant nonlinearity is that of the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship. Here it is argued that a different nonlinearity related to moisture advection by the atmospheric circulation is more important. When perihelion changes from one hemisphere's summer solstice to the other's in an idealized aquaplanet atmospheric general circulation model, annual-mean precipitation increases in the hemisphere with the brighter, warmer summer and decreases in the other hemisphere, in qualitative agreement with paleoclimate proxies that indicate such hemispherically antisymmetric climate variations. The rectification mechanism that gives rise to the precipitation changes is identified by decomposing the perturbation water vapor budget into "thermodynamic" and "dynamic" components. Thermodynamic changes (caused by changes in humidity with unchanged winds) dominate the hemispherically antisymmetric annual-mean precipitation response to precession in the absence of land-sea contrasts. The nonlinearity that enables the thermodynamic changes to affect annual-mean precipitation is a nonlinearity of moisture advection that arises because precession-induced seasonal humidity changes correlate with the seasonal cycle in low-level convergence. This interpretation is confirmed using simulations in which the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship is explicitly linearized. The thermodynamic mechanism also operates in simulations with an idealized representation of land, although in these simulations the dynamic component of the precipitation changes is also important, adding to the thermodynamic precipitation changes in some latitudes and offsetting it in others. C1 [Merlis, Timothy M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Merlis, Timothy M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schneider, Tapio; Bordoni, Simona] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Eisenman, Ian] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Merlis, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, 415 Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tmerlis@princeton.edu RI Eisenman, Ian/B-9329-2009; Schneider, Tapio /A-7038-2014 OI Schneider, Tapio /0000-0001-5687-2287 FU National Science Foundation; Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Fellowship; National Science Foundation [AGS-1049201] FX We appreciate comments by Andy Thompson, Jess Adkins, and three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Fellowship, and National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1049201. The program code for the simulations, based on the Flexible Modeling System of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, as well as the simulation results themselves, are available from the authors upon request. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 6 BP 2010 EP 2021 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00186.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 112UV UT WOS:000316620500010 ER PT J AU Broadwater, MH Seaborn, GT Schwacke, JH AF Broadwater, Margaret H. Seaborn, Gloria T. Schwacke, John H. TI Forensic Identification of Seal Oils Using Lipid Profiles and Statistical Models SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE forensic science; seal oils; fish oils; omega-3 fatty acids; dietary supplements; Marine Mammal Protection Act ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SPECIES VARIABILITY; FISH; CLASSIFICATION; INVERTEBRATES; GROENLANDICA; DISTANCE AB Seal blubber oils are used as a source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in Canada but prohibited in the United States and (FA) European Union. Thus, a reliable method is needed to identify oils originating from seals versus fish. Two lipid profiling methods, fatty acid analysis using gas chromatography and triacylglycerol (TAG) analysis using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, were applied with statistical models to discriminate commercial oils and blubber samples harvested from marine fish and seals. Significant differences were observed among FA profiles, and seal samples differed from each of the fish oils (p0.001). FA and TAG profiles were used to discriminate sample groups using a random forest classifier; all samples were classified correctly as seals versus fish using both methods. We propose a two-step method for the accurate identification of seal oils, with preliminary identification based on FA profile analysis and confirmation with TAG profiles. C1 [Broadwater, Margaret H.; Seaborn, Gloria T.] NOS, NOAA, CCEHBR, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Broadwater, Margaret H.; Schwacke, John H.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Broadwater, MH (reprint author), NOS, NOAA, CCEHBR, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM maggie.broadwater@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 IS 2 BP 336 EP 343 DI 10.1111/1556-4029.12018 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 112EV UT WOS:000316576000005 PM 23126262 ER PT J AU Nekouee, N Roberts, PJW Schwab, DJ McCormick, MJ AF Nekouee, Navid Roberts, Philip J. W. Schwab, David J. McCormick, Michael J. TI Classification of Buoyant River Plumes from Large Aspect Ratio Channels SO JOURNAL OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Field studies; Surface plumes; Lakes; Nearshore transport; Onshore wind; Longshore currents ID SUBMERGED WASTEFIELD; COASTAL DISCHARGE; OCEAN OUTFALLS; SURFACE DISCHARGES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; LAKE-MICHIGAN; WATER BODIES; SHELF; MODEL; CIRCULATION AB The dynamics of the Grand River plume, a major tributary of Lake Michigan, was studied in the vicinity of the Grand Haven coast on the east side of the lake. The river spread laterally from the mouth and formed a thin surface buoyant plume with various shapes that have not been previously reported. To understand the influence of different driving forces, primarily wind, buoyancy, and ambient currents, extensive field experiments were carried out over four periods in August and June 2006, and June and July 2007. They included aerial photography over the plume, acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) deployments, meteorological buoys, drifters, SF6 and Rhodamine WT tracer releases, three-dimensional (3D) CTD profiling over the plume, and CTD casts at the river mouth. The results showed more flow classes than included in previous studies. A modified classification scheme based on the relative magnitude of the plume-crossflow length scale and a Richardson number were devised that includes longshore current components and onshore-offshore wind effects. A ratio of length scales and the Richardson number could predict whether the plume was shore attached or unattached, and how the onshore wind can spread the unattached plume offshore, deflect it back to shore, or diffuse it. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000651. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Nekouee, Navid] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Roberts, Philip J. W.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schwab, David J.; McCormick, Michael J.] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Nekouee, N (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM nekouee@gatech.edu FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI) FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI), the assistance of the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory team (especially Andrew Winkelman, Andrew Foley, and Steve Constant), Sandra McLellan and her crew from the Great Lakes Water Institute for bacterial sampling, Marge Beaver (Photography Plus) for the aerial photography, and the crews of the NOAA research vessels Laurentian and Shenehon. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9429 J9 J HYDRAUL ENG-ASCE JI J. Hydraul. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 3 BP 296 EP 309 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000651 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 111YM UT WOS:000316558200004 ER PT J AU Blair, WM Doucette, GJ AF Blair, Walter M. Doucette, Gregory J. TI The Vibrio harveyi bioassay used routinely to detect AI-2 quorum sensing inhibition is confounded by inconsistent normalization across marine matrices SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE AI-2; Bioassay; Quorum sensing; Quorum quenching; Inhibition; Vibrio harveyi ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; AUTOINDUCER-2; SIGNAL; LUMINESCENCE; REPORTER; SAMPLES AB The Vibrio harveyi autoinducer-2 (AI-2) bioassay is used routinely to screen for inhibition of the AI-2 quorum sensing system. The present study utilizes three well-described bacterial strains to demonstrate that inconsistent normalization across matrices undermines the assay's use in screening marine samples for AI-2 inhibition. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blair, Walter M.] Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 FU College of Charleston Graduate Fellowship in Applied Marine Genomics, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium; NOAA/NOS operational funds FX We wish to thank Dr. J. Oliver, Dr. M. Parrow, and E. Binder for their valuable assistance and expertise. Bacterial strains (ATCC 25922, 25923, and 27853) were generously provided by Laura Webster. In addition, we acknowledge Dr. J. Asong, J. Morey, and L Webster for providing valuable edits to the manuscript Support for this research was provided by the College of Charleston Graduate Fellowship in Applied Marine Genomics, South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, and by NOAA/NOS operational funds. Disclaimer: This publication does not constitute an endorsement of any commercial product or intend to be an opinion beyond scientific or other results obtained by the NOAA. No reference shall be made to NOAA, or this publication furnished by NOAA, to any advertising or sales promotion, which would indicate or imply that NOAA recommends or endorses any proprietary product mentioned herein, or which has as its purpose an interest to cause the advertised product to be used or purchased because of this publication. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD MAR PY 2013 VL 92 IS 3 BP 250 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.12.023 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 111PG UT WOS:000316532600005 PM 23305926 ER PT J AU Yeo, D AF Yeo, DongHun TI Multiple Points-In-Time Estimation of Peak Wind Effects on Structures SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Database-Assisted Design (DAD); Mean Recurrence Interval; Reinforced Concrete; Time-Domain Analysis; Point-In-Time Approach; Wind Effects ID LOAD COMBINATIONS AB One of the problems encountered in the estimation of wind effects on high-rise structures is the development of combinations of wind-induced translational responses in possible conjunction with rotational responses and/or of forces and moments that contribute to the wind-induced demand at various cross sections of individual structural members. In current wind engineering practice such combinations are developed in large part intuitively because phase information on the effects being combined is not readily available from frequency domain analyses. In contrast, full time series analyses can produce estimates of combined wind effects because they preserve phase information; however, such analyses can be overly time-consuming. In current wind engineering practice it is common to use the empirical point-in-time (PIT) procedure for the estimation of peaks of combined stationary stochastic processes. The procedure is applied to pairs of such processes, and consists of adding an estimate of the peak value of one of the processes to the estimated value of the second process at the time of the occurrence of that peak. Even if the full time histories of the two stochastic processes are used, errors inherent in PIT can be in some cases as high as 20% on the unconservative side. The purpose of this paper is to present the empirical multiple points-in-time (MPIT) procedure, which improves significantly upon the PIT approach. The MPIT procedure is illustrated by an application to a 60-story reinforced concrete structure. Results show that the MPIT approach produces remarkably accurate estimates of the peak combined wind effects by using a limited number of peaks from the time histories of the individual wind effects being combined. Those estimates are obtained far more economically in terms of computational time than conventional time domain estimates that use full time histories. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943541X.0000649. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 3 BP 462 EP 471 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000649 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 113WV UT WOS:000316701000014 ER PT J AU Obeysekera, J Park, J Irizarry-Ortiz, M Barnes, J Trimble, P AF Obeysekera, Jayantha Park, Joseph Irizarry-Ortiz, Michelle Barnes, Jenifer Trimble, Paul TI Probabilistic Projection of Mean Sea Level and Coastal Extremes SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sea level; Probability; Coastal extremes ID KEY-WEST; ICE LOSS; RISE; FLORIDA; ZONES AB Fundamental uncertainties governing sea level rise projections are associated with the rate of acceleration in global sea level rise and the local factors affecting relative sea level. Recent models and observations of global ice sheets and their contributions to sea level, as well as climate models, suggest that significant sea level acceleration is imminent, yet observational data from tide gauges and satellites have not yet found rates consistent with some of the projections. To allow coastal planners a way to incorporate the uncertainties of acceleration, a synthesis of observed sea level data with selected distributions of acceleration and the current rate of rise is proposed to provide probabilistic estimates of future sea levels. The resulting distributions can be adopted in a risk-based framework to assess project vulnerability. As geophysical understanding of the climate-forced sea level dynamics improves, the selection and veracity of these distributions and their sea level projections will improve. As a case study, the methodology is demonstrated by application in Key West in southern Florida. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000154. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Obeysekera, Jayantha; Irizarry-Ortiz, Michelle; Barnes, Jenifer; Trimble, Paul] South Florida Water Management Dist, Hydrol & Environm Syst Modeling, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. [Park, Joseph] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Obeysekera, J (reprint author), South Florida Water Management Dist, Hydrol & Environm Syst Modeling, 3301 Gun Club Rd, W Palm Beach, FL 33406 USA. EM jobey@sfwmd.gov NR 45 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 23 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 2 BP 135 EP 141 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000154 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 116GV UT WOS:000316871900007 ER PT J AU Flick, RE Knuuti, K Gill, SK AF Flick, Reinhard E. Knuuti, Kevin Gill, Stephen K. TI Matching Mean Sea Level Rise Projections to Local Elevation Datums SO JOURNAL OF WATERWAY PORT COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Sea level; Sea level rise projections; Sea level rise scenarios; Geodetic datums; Tidal datums ID TIDES AB A method is presented to consistently tie future mean sea level rise (MSLR) scenario projections to local geodetic and tidal datums. This extends the U. S. Army Corps of Engineer (USACE) guidance for incorporating the effects of future MSLR into coastal projects. While USACE relies on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 19-year National Tidal Datum Epoch (NTDE) for its datum relationships, the approach proposed herein generalizes this guidance by choosing the appropriate 19-year epoch centered on the start year of the MSLR scenario under consideration. The procedure takes into account the local annual sea level variability, which confounds the matching to any given single year while generalizing and preserving the 19-year averaging long used by NOAA to calculate the NTDE. Examples of the MSLR scenario matching procedure are given using actual data and projections for La Jolla, California, and Sewells Point (Hampton Roads), Virginia. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000145. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Flick, Reinhard E.] TerraCosta Consulting Grp, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Flick, Reinhard E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Calif Dept Boating & Waterways, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Knuuti, Kevin] USA, Corps Engineers, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Gill, Stephen K.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Flick, RE (reprint author), TerraCosta Consulting Grp, 3890 Murphy Canyon Rd,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. EM rflick@ucsd.edu FU SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) [SI-1703] FX This study was conducted in collaboration with SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific under Grant No. SI-1703 from the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). This paper was markedly improved owing to the constructive criticism from the three anonymous reviewers to whom the authors are grateful. The contribution of SERDP Program Manager Dr. John Hall is especially acknowledged, who asked the key question, "Sea level rise relative to what?" NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-950X EI 1943-5460 J9 J WATERW PORT COAST JI J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 2 BP 142 EP 146 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)WW.1943-5460.0000145 PG 5 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Ocean; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 116GV UT WOS:000316871900008 ER PT J AU Fox, E Hastings, S Miller-Henson, M Monie, D Ugoretz, J Frimodig, A Shuman, C Owens, B Garwood, R Connor, D Serpa, P Gleason, M AF Fox, Evan Hastings, Sean Miller-Henson, Melissa Monie, Dominique Ugoretz, John Frimodig, Adam Shuman, Craig Owens, Brian Garwood, Rebecca Connor, Darci Serpa, Paulo Gleason, Mary TI Addressing policy issues in a stakeholder-based and science-driven marine protected area network planning process SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES AB The California Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) Initiative (Initiative) was a public-private partnership focused on designing a statewide network of marine protected areas (MPAs) to increase coherence and effectiveness in protecting the state's marine life, habitats, and ecosystems through a public planning process. In pursuing this core charge, the Initiative had to consider a range of other (non-MPA) policy issues and develop approaches to ensure that MPA network planning continued unimpeded, while also facilitating the consideration of issues deemed outside of California's MPA planning process. This paper explores the strategies used to address policy issues that arose in MPA planning and provides examples from six specific topic areas: fisheries management, water quality, military use areas, marine bird and mammal protection, dredging and maintenance, and tribal gathering activities. Each of these topics helps illustrate a different strategy utilized, including engaging policy issues early, providing additional evaluations, engaging additional support, putting complimentary issues on a parallel track, utilizing flexibility in statutes, and ensuring frequent and direct stakeholder communication. Considering how multiple issues were addressed in a MPA planning process provides important insights for more integrated coastal and marine spatial planning. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fox, Evan; Miller-Henson, Melissa; Monie, Dominique; Shuman, Craig; Connor, Darci; Gleason, Mary] Calif Nat Resources Agcy, Marine Life Protect Act Initiat, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Hastings, Sean] Channel Isl Natl Marine Sanctuary, Santa Barbara, CA 93109 USA. [Ugoretz, John] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Santa Barbara, CA 93109 USA. [Frimodig, Adam] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Fortuna, CA 95540 USA. [Owens, Brian] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Belmont, CA 94002 USA. [Garwood, Rebecca] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Eureka, CA 95501 USA. [Serpa, Paulo] Calif Dept Fish & Game, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Gleason, Mary] Nature Conservancy, Monterey, CA 93950 USA. RP Serpa, P (reprint author), Calif Nat Resources Agcy, Marine Life Protect Act Initiat, 1416 9th St,Suite 1311, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. EM evanwfox@gmail.com; Sean.Hastings@noaa.gov; melissa@resources.ca.gov; dominiquemonie@gmail.com; john.ugoretz@navy.mil; AFrimodig@dfg.ca.gov; shuman.craig@gmail.com; BOwens@dfg.ca.gov; rgarwood@dfg.ca.gov; darciconnor@gmail.com; PSerpa@dfg.ca.gov; mgleason@tnc.org FU Resources Legacy Fund Foundation FX EF, SH, MMH, DM, CS, DC, and MG worked for the MLPA Initiative under the direction of the Blue Ribbon Task Force and the Executive Director of the MLPA Initiative, which received funding from the Resources Legacy Fund Foundation. NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 6 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 74 SI SI BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.07.007 PG 11 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA 114XG UT WOS:000316775700005 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Laws, WJ Yan, YG AF Wong-Ng, W. Laws, W. J. Yan, Y. G. TI Phase diagram and crystal chemistry of the La-Ca-Co-O system SO SOLID STATE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Phase diagram; Thermoelectric system; La-Ca-Co-O; Crystal chemistry ID THERMOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; COBALT OXIDES; THIN-FILMS; SR; EQUILIBRIA; CA3CO4O9; CA3CO2O6; AIR; BA AB The phase diagram of the La-Ca-Co-O system at 885 degrees C in air has been determined. The system consists of two materials that have interesting thermoelectric properties, namely, the misfit layered thermoelectric oxide solid solution, (Ca,La)(3)Co4O3, and Ca3Co2O6 which consists of 1D chains of alternating CoO6 trigonal prism and CoO6 octahedra. The reported La2CaO4 and the Ca-doped (La,Ca)(2)CoO4-z phases were not found at 885 degrees C. As a result of the absence of these phases, the phase diagram is significantly different from that reported at 1100 degrees C. Small solid solution regions of (La1-xCax)(2)O3-z (0 <= x <= 0.08), (Ca1-xLax)(3)Co4O9 (0 <= x <= 0.07), and (La1-xCax)CoO3-z (0 <= x <= 0.2) were established. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Laws, W. J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yan, Y. G.] Wuhan Univ Technol, State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1293-2558 J9 SOLID STATE SCI JI Solid State Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 17 BP 107 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2012.11.021 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 110IZ UT WOS:000316437100018 ER PT J AU Goncharov, VV Chepurin, YA Godin, OA AF Goncharov, V. V. Chepurin, Yu A. Godin, O. A. TI Passive acoustic tomography of the ocean using arrays of unknown shape SO ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE passive tomography of the ocean; numerical experiment; arrays; correlation; sound velocity profiles; noise interferometry ID CROSS-CORRELATION; AMBIENT NOISE; FIELDS; EMERGENCE; SHELF; SEA AB It was recently established that ocean acoustic tomography based on an inversion of ray travel times can be implemented without use of any dedicated sound sources by cross-correlating the ambient noise recorded on two line arrays, the shapes of which are known. In contrast to active tomography, the amount of useful information from noise interferometry is proportional to the product of the numbers of receivers in the two arrays. In our study based on the 2D and 3D numerical experiments, we examine a hypothesis concerning the feasibility of simultaneous performance of a passive ray tomography and passive positioning of arrays through cross-correlation of ambient or shipping noise. The numerical experiments are conducted under conditions close to those of a field experiment on passive ocean tomography. It is demonstrated that, when using arrays of 20-40 hydrophones, the sound velocity profile and the array shape can be found from noise correlation to an accuracy adequate for oceanological and acoustic applications. C1 [Goncharov, V. V.; Chepurin, Yu A.] Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow 117997, Russia. [Godin, O. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, O. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Goncharov, VV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Nakhimovskii Prosp 36, Moscow 117997, Russia. EM gvv@ocean.ru RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU CRDF [RUP1-2978-MO-10]; NAVAIR [STTR N10A-T004]; NSF [OCE 1129524] FX This paper is based on research supported by the CRDF, grant RUP1-2978-MO-10; NAVAIR, project STTR N10A-T004; and the NSF, grant OCE 1129524. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 11 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7710 J9 ACOUST PHYS+ JI Acoust. Phys. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 59 IS 2 BP 170 EP 178 DI 10.1134/S1063771013020048 PG 9 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 106LL UT WOS:000316144900006 ER PT J AU Li, W Xie, YF Han, GJ AF Li Wei Xie Yuanfu Han Guijun TI A theoretical study of the multigrid three-dimensional variational data assimilation scheme using a simple bilinear interpolation algorithm SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE multigrid; three-dimensional variational; data assimilation; bilinear interpolation AB In order to solve the so-called "bull-eye" problem caused by using a simple bilinear interpolation as an observational mapping operator in the cost function in the multigrid three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) data assimilation scheme, a smoothing term, equivalent to a penalty term, is introduced into the cost function to serve as a means of troubleshooting. A theoretical analysis is first performed to figure out what on earth results in the issue of "bull-eye", and then the meaning of such smoothing term is elucidated and the uniqueness of solution of the multigrid 3DVAR with the smoothing term added is discussed through the theoretical deduction for one-dimensional (1D) case, and two idealized data assimilation experiments (one- and two-dimensional (2D) cases). By exploring the relationship between the smoothing term and the recursive filter theoretically and practically, it is revealed why satisfied analysis results can be achieved by using such proposed solution for the issue of the multigrid 3DVAR. C1 [Li Wei; Han Guijun] State Ocean Adm, Key Lab State Ocean Adm Marine Environm Informat, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. [Xie Yuanfu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Key Lab State Ocean Adm Marine Environm Informat, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Tianjin 300171, Peoples R China. EM liwei@mail.nmdis.gov.cn RI Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430304]; National High-Tech R&D Program of China [2013AA09A505]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41030854, 40906015, 40906016, 41106005, 41176003] FX Foundation item: The National Basic Research Program of China under contract No. 2013CB430304; the National High-Tech R&D Program of China under contract No. 2013AA09A505; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41030854, 40906015, 40906016, 41106005 and 41176003. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 3 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1007/s13131-013-0292-6 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 107RS UT WOS:000316239100011 ER PT J AU Awartani, O Lemanski, BI Ro, HW Richter, LJ DeLongchamp, DM O'Connor, BT AF Awartani, Omar Lemanski, Bethany I. Ro, Hyun Wook Richter, Lee J. DeLongchamp, Dean M. O'Connor, Brendan T. TI Correlating Stiffness, Ductility, and Morphology of Polymer:Fullerene Films for Solar Cell Applications SO ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE bulk heterojunction morphology; flexible electronics; mechanical properties; organic electronics; solar cells ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; POLYMER-FULLERENE BLENDS; REGIOREGULAR POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; SELF-ORGANIZATION; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; EFFICIENCY; DEVICES; CRYSTALLINITY AB The development of flexible and physically robust organic solar cells requires detailed knowledge of the mechanical behavior of the heterogeneous material stack. However, in these devices there has been limited research on the mechanical properties of the active organic layer. Here, two critical mechanical properties, stiffness and ductility, of a widely studied organic solar cell active layer, a blend film composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) are reported. Processing conditions are varied to produce films with differing morphology and correlations are developed between the film morphology, mechanical properties and photovoltaic device performance. The morphology is characterized by fitting the absorption of the P3HT:PCBM films to a weakly interacting H-aggregate model. The elastic modulus is determined using a buckling metrology approach and the crack onset strain is determined by observing the film under tensile strain using optical microscopy. Both the elastic modulus and crack onset strain are found to vary significantly with processing conditions. Processing methods that result in improved device performance are shown to decrease both the compliance and ductility of the film. C1 [Awartani, Omar; O'Connor, Brendan T.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Lemanski, Bethany I.] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ro, Hyun Wook; Richter, Lee J.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; brendan_oconnor@ncsu.edu RI O'Connor, Brendan/K-8640-2012; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1200340]; NIST/NSF Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank Dr. Jan Genzer for assistance with ellipsometry measurements, and Dr. Michael Dickey for assistance with tensile testing the PDMS substrates. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. CMMI-1200340. B. I. L. acknowledges support from NIST/NSF Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship. NR 52 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 4 U2 70 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1614-6832 J9 ADV ENERGY MATER JI Adv. Energy Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 3 IS 3 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1002/aenm.201200595 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 106CA UT WOS:000316117800019 ER PT J AU Ma, YR Zheng, JK Amond, EF Stafford, CM Becker, ML AF Ma, Yanrui Zheng, Jukuan Amond, Emily F. Stafford, Christopher M. Becker, Matthew L. TI Facile Fabrication of "Dual Click" One- and Two-Dimensional Orthogonal Peptide Concentration Gradients SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID OSTEOGENIC GROWTH PEPTIDE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; C-TERMINAL PENTAPEPTIDE; MOLECULAR GRADIENTS; STEM-CELLS; SURFACES; CHEMISTRY; DIFFERENTIATION; OGP(10-14); RAT AB Peptides, proteins, and extracellular matrix act synergistic influence cellular function at the biotic synthetic interface. However, identifying the individual and cooperative contributions of the various combinations and concentration regimes is extremely difficult. The confined channel deposition method we describe affords highly tunable orthogonal reactive concentration gradients that greatly expand the dynamic range, spatial control, and chemical versatility of the reactive silanes that can be controllably deposited. Using metal-free "dual click" immobilization chemistries, multiple peptides with a variety of functionality can be immobilized efficiently and reproducibly enabling optimal concentration profiling and the assessment of synergistic interactions. C1 [Ma, Yanrui; Zheng, Jukuan; Amond, Emily F.; Becker, Matthew L.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becker, Matthew L.] Austen Bioinnovat Inst Akron, Ctr Biomat Med, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Becker, ML (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM becker@uakron.edu RI Zheng, Jukuan/A-6465-2016 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1105329]; NSF REU program in Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering at The University of Akron [DMR-1004747] FX This work was supported through a grant from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1105329). Undergraduate E.F.A. from St. Vincent College was supported by the NSF REU program in Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering at The University of Akron (DMR-1004747). NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 EI 1526-4602 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAR PY 2013 VL 14 IS 3 BP 665 EP 671 DI 10.1021/bm301731h PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 105DB UT WOS:000316044700010 PM 23330789 ER PT J AU DeBose, JL Nuttall, MF Hickerson, EL Schmahl, GP AF DeBose, J. L. Nuttall, M. F. Hickerson, E. L. Schmahl, G. P. TI A high-latitude coral community with an uncertain future: Stetson Bank, northwestern Gulf of Mexico SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE High-latitude reef; Millepora; Coral bleaching; Phase shift; Stetson Bank; Gulf of Mexico ID FLOWER GARDEN BANKS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHASE-SHIFTS; SOUTH-AFRICA; REEFS; ECOLOGY; HURRICANES; PATTERNS; COVERAGE; IMPACTS AB Limited data exist that detail trends in benthic community composition of high-latitude coral communities. As anthropogenic stressors are projected to increase in number and intensity, long-term monitoring datasets are essential to understanding community stability and ecosystem resilience. In 1993, a long-term monitoring program was initiated at Stetson Bank, in the Gulf of Mexico. Over the course of this monitoring, a major shift in community structure occurred, in which the coral-sponge community was replaced by an algal-dominated community. During the initial years of this study, the coral community at Stetson Bank was relatively stable. Beginning in the late 1990s, sponge cover began a steady decline from over 30 % to less than 25 %. Then, in 2005, the benthic community underwent a further significant change when living coral cover declined from 30 % to less than 8 % and sponges declined to less than 20 % benthic cover. This abrupt shift corresponded with a Caribbean-wide bleaching event in 2005 that caused major mortality of Stetson Bank corals. Previous bleaching events at Stetson Bank did not result in wide-scale coral mortality. Several environmental parameters may have contributed to the rapid decline in this benthic community. We suggest that the combined effects of coastal runoff and elevated temperatures contributed to the observed shift. We present an analysis of 15 years of monitoring data spanning from 1993 to 2008; this dataset provides both a biological baseline and a multiyear trend analysis of the community structure for a high-latitude coral-sponge community in the face of changing climatic conditions. C1 [DeBose, J. L.; Nuttall, M. F.; Hickerson, E. L.; Schmahl, G. P.] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Flower Garden Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP DeBose, JL (reprint author), James Cook Univ, Catchment Reef Res Grp, TropWATER, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM jennifer.debose@jcu.edu.au NR 52 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 54 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD MAR PY 2013 VL 32 IS 1 BP 255 EP 267 DI 10.1007/s00338-012-0971-3 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TQ UT WOS:000316018600030 ER PT J AU Rosa, M Holohan, BA Shumway, SE Bullard, SG Wikfors, GH Morton, S Getchis, T AF Rosa, M. Holohan, B. A. Shumway, S. E. Bullard, S. G. Wikfors, G. H. Morton, S. Getchis, T. TI Biofouling ascidians on aquaculture gear as potential vectors of harmful algal introductions SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture; Biofouling; HAB; Harmful algae; Introductions; Tunicates ID SUSPENSION-FEEDING INVERTEBRATES; BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; DIDEMNUM SP; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS; PROTOGONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; COLONIAL ASCIDIANS; LARVAL SETTLEMENT; FILTRATION-RATE; BLOOMS AB Biofouling ascidians are ubiquitous in coastal ecosystems and are among the main colonizers of aquaculture gear. Our study tested the hypothesis that the transport, removal, and transfer of fouling ascidian species by aquaculturists provide a mechanism for concentration and distribution of harmful-algal cells to new areas. Wild-caught specimens of common, biofouling ascidian species (Styela clava, Ciona intestinalis, Molgula manhattensis , Botrylloides violaceus, Didemnum vexillum, and Botryllus schlosseri) were exposed individually to cultured strains of co-occurring harmful algae (Prorocentrum minimum, Alexandrium fundyense, Alexandrium monilatum, Karenia brevis, Aureococcus anophagefferens, or Heterosigma akashiwo) at simulated bloom cell densities of each HAB species. After feeding, ascidians were transferred to ultrafiltered seawater. Immediately after exposure, and after 24 and 48 h in ultrafiltered seawater, biodeposits were collected and observed microscopically for the presence of intact, potentially viable cells. Subsamples of biodeposits were transferred into culture tubes with ultrafiltered seawater and monitored for algal growth during 8 weeks. Cells of all HAB species were found to pass intact through the ascidian digestive system, remained viable, and in many cases were capable of re-establishing populations at least 48 h post-ingestion. The results of our study will inform industry and managers of the potential threat and ecological impact of spreading biofouling ascidians, and practices to mitigate adverse impacts. Additionally, these management practices have been formally incorporated into a new cost-share program developed to help shellfish producers prevent the further spread of ascidians and associated HAB species. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rosa, M.; Holohan, B. A.; Shumway, S. E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Bullard, S. G.] Univ Hartford, Hillyer Coll, Hartford, CT 06117 USA. [Wikfors, G. H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Morton, S.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Getchis, T.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, CT Sea Grant Coll Program, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Shumway, SE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecosset Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM sandra.shumway@uconn.edu FU NOAA [NA09NMF4270075] FX The authors thank J. Alix and M. Dixon for providing algal cultures and other technical support, and Jeff Godfrey, Eric Heupel, and Joseph Mangiafico for their aid in diving operations. Rick Karney, Robert Rheault, Chris and Joth Davis all provided helpful comments and lively discussions. This work was supported by NOAA Grant # NA09NMF4270075 to SES and SB.[TS] NR 58 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2012.11.008 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110JD UT WOS:000316437500001 ER PT J AU McHuron, EA Greig, DJ Colegrove, KM Fleetwood, M Spraker, TR Gulland, FMD Harvey, JT Lefebvre, KA Frame, ER AF McHuron, Elizabeth A. Greig, Denise J. Colegrove, Kathleen M. Fleetwood, Michelle Spraker, Terry R. Gulland, Frances M. D. Harvey, James T. Lefebvre, Kathi A. Frame, Elizabeth R. TI Domoic acid exposure and associated clinical signs and histopathology in Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Harmful algal bloom; Domoic acid; Neurological signs; Mortality; Pseudo-nitzschia; Phoca vitulina ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY EVENT; MONTEREY BAY; TOXICITY; RATS; BLOOMS; CARDIOMYOPATHY; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Domoic acid (DA) is a potent neurotoxin that has caused strandings and mortality of seabirds and marine mammals off the California coast. Pacific harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) are an abundant, nearshore species in California; however, DA exposure and toxicosis have not been documented for harbor seals in this region. To investigate DA exposure in harbor seals, samples were collected from free-ranging and stranded seals off California to assess exposure, clinical signs of toxicosis, and brain lesions in harbor seals exposed to DA. Domoic acid was detected in 65% (17/26) of urine samples collected from apparently healthy free-ranging seals, with concentrations of 0.4-11.7 ng/ml. Domoic acid also was detected in feces (2.4-2887ng/g), stomach contents (1.4 ng/g; stranded only), milk (2.2 ng/ml; stranded only), amniotic fluid (9.7 ng/ml; free-ranging only), fetal meconium (14.6-39.8 ng/g), and fetal urine (2.0-10.2 ng/ml). Clinical signs indicative of DA toxicosis were observed in two live-stranded seals, and included disorientation, seizures, and uncoordinated movements. Histopathology revealed the presence of brain lesions consistent with DA toxicosis in two live-stranded seals, and one free-ranging seal that died during capture. Results indicated that harbor seals were exposed to DA, exhibited clinical signs and histological lesions associated with DA exposure, and that pups were exposed to DA in utero and during lactation via milk. Future investigation is required to determine the magnitude of impact that DA has on the health and mortality of harbor seals. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McHuron, Elizabeth A.; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Greig, Denise J.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Colegrove, Kathleen M.] LUMC, Coll Vet Med Urbana Champaign, Zool Pathol Program, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Fleetwood, Michelle] Univ New Hampshire, New Hampshire Vet Diagnost Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Spraker, Terry R.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. [Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Frame, Elizabeth R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Greig, DJ (reprint author), 1436 La Playa St, San Francisco, CA USA. EM emchuron@ucsc.edu; denisejgreig@gmail.com; kcolegrove@lumc.edu; Michelle.Fleetwood@unh.edu; Terry.Spraker@ColoState.EDU; GullandF@tmmc.org; Harvey@mlml.calstate.edu; Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov; elizabeth.frame@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service [5551870]; National Parks Service [PORE-2011-SCI-0003]; Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge [81640-2011-002]; Humboldt Bay NWR Complex [81590-10007]; Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program FX We thank the volunteers that assisted in harbor seal captures, the staff and volunteers at TMMC, the National Parks Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Humboldt Bay NWR Complex, and Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge. We also thank Preston Kendrick for assisting with domoic acid analyses. This study was conducted under permits from the National Marine Fisheries Service (no. 5551870), National Parks Service (PORE-2011-SCI-0003), Don Edwards National Wildlife Refuge ( no. 81640-2011-002), Humboldt Bay NWR Complex (no. 81590-10007), and a Stranding Agreement from The Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. [SS] NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2013 VL 23 BP 28 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2012.12.008 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 110JD UT WOS:000316437500004 ER PT J AU Novella, NS Thiaw, WM AF Novella, Nicholas S. Thiaw, Wassila M. TI African Rainfall Climatology Version 2 for Famine Early Warning Systems SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONTHLY PRECIPITATION; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; PROJECT AB This paper describes a new gridded, daily 29-yr precipitation estimation dataset centered over Africa at 0.1 degrees spatial resolution. Called the African Rainfall Climatology, version 2 (ARC2), it is a revision of the first version of the ARC. Consistent with the operational Rainfall Estimation, version 2, algorithm (RFE2), ARC2 uses inputs from two sources: 1) 3-hourly geostationary infrared (IR) data centered over Africa from the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and 2) quality-controlled Global Telecommunication System(GTS) gauge observations reporting 24-h rainfall accumulations over Africa. The main difference with ARC1 resides in the recalibration of all Meteosat First Generation (MFG) IR data (1983-2005). Results show that ARC2 is a major improvement over ARC1. It is consistent with other long-term datasets, such as the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP), with correlation coefficients of 0.86 over a 27-yr period. However, a marginal summer dry bias that occurs over West and East Africa is examined. Daily validation with independent gauge data shows RMSEs of 11.3, 13.4, and 14, respectively, for ARC2, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42, version 6 (3B42v6), and the CPC morphing technique (CMORPH) for the West African summer season. The ARC2 RMSE is slightly higher for Ethiopia than those of CMORPH and 3B42v6. Both daily and monthly validations suggested that ARC2 underestimations may be attributed to the unavailability of daily GTS gauge reports in real time, and deficiencies in the satellite estimate associated with precipitation processes over coastal and orographic areas. However, ARC2 is expected to provide users with real-time monitoring of the daily evolution of precipitation, which is instrumental in improved decision making in famine early warning systems. C1 [Novella, Nicholas S.; Thiaw, Wassila M.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Prediction, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Novella, Nicholas S.] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Novella, NS (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Dev World Weather Bldg,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM nicholas.novella@noaa.gov FU USAID/Famine Early Warning System Network; World Food Program FX This work was supported with funds from USAID/Famine Early Warning System Network and partial funds from the World Food Program. NR 27 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 7 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 588 EP 606 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0238.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110ST UT WOS:000316466700005 ER PT J AU Trapp, RJ Brooks, HE AF Trapp, Robert J. Brooks, Harold E. TI Regional Characterization of Tornado Activity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB In the United States, tornado activity of a given year is usually assessed in terms of the total number of human-reported tornadoes. Such assessments fail to account for the seldom-acknowledged fact that an active (or inactive) tornado year for the United States does not necessarily equate with activity (or inactivity) everywhere in the country. The authors illustrate this by comparing the geospatial tornado distributions from 1987, 2004, and 2011. Quantified in terms of the frequency of daily tornado occurrence (or "tornado days"), the high activity in the South Atlantic and upper Midwest regions was a major contributor to the record-setting number of tornadoes in 2004. The high activity in 2011 arose from significant tornado occurrences in the Southeast and lower Midwest. The authors also show that the uniqueness of the activity during these years can be determined by modeling the local statistical behavior of tornado days by a gamma distribution. C1 [Trapp, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Trapp, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Brooks, Harold E.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Trapp, RJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM jtrapp@purdue.edu FU NSF [ATM-0756624] FX This research was supported in part by NSF ATM-0756624 (RJT) and contributes to the Clouds, Climate, and Extreme Weather initiative at Purdue University. This is Purdue Climate Change Research Center paper 1246. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 654 EP 659 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0173.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110ST UT WOS:000316466700010 ER PT J AU Hicks, BB Novakovskaia, E Dobosy, RJ Pendergrass, WR Callahan, WJ AF Hicks, Bruce B. Novakovskaia, Elena Dobosy, Ronald J. Pendergrass, William R., III Callahan, William J. TI Temporal and Spatial Aspects of Velocity Variance in the Urban Surface Roughness Layer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TURBULENCE; SPACE; AREAS; TIME AB Data from six urban areas in a nationwide network of sites within the surface roughness layer are examined. It is found that the average velocity variances in time, derived by averaging the conventional variances from a network of n stations, are nearly equal to the velocity variances in space, derived as the variances among the n average velocities. This similarity is modified during sunlit hours, when convection appears to elevate the former. The data show little dependence of the ratio of these two variances on wind speed. It is concluded that the average state of the surface roughness layer in urban and suburban areas like those considered here tends toward an approximate equality of these two measures of variance, much as has been observed elsewhere for the case of forests. C1 [Hicks, Bruce B.] Metcorps, Norris, TN 37828 USA. [Novakovskaia, Elena; Callahan, William J.] Earth Networks Inc, Germantown, MD USA. [Dobosy, Ronald J.; Pendergrass, William R., III] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dobosy, Ronald J.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), Metcorps, POB 1510, Norris, TN 37828 USA. EM hicks.metcorps@gmail.com RI Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016; Pendergrass, William/C-9073-2016 OI Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774; FU Earth Networks, Inc.; Air Resources Laboratory of NOAA FX The data used in this analysis were provided under a memorandum of understanding between Earth Networks, Inc. (formerly AWS Convergence Technologies, Inc.), and the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The data were archived by the NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (of the Air Resources Laboratory), located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Comments by anonymous reviewers contributed substantially to this presentation, and it is hoped that related discussion might continue. The work was supported by both Earth Networks, Inc., and the Air Resources Laboratory of NOAA. The principal author serves as a consultant to Earth Networks, Inc. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 668 EP 681 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0266.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110ST UT WOS:000316466700012 ER PT J AU Andric, J Kumjian, MR Zrnic, DS Straka, JM Melnikov, VM AF Andric, Jelena Kumjian, Matthew R. Zrnic, Dusan S. Straka, Jerry M. Melnikov, Valery M. TI Polarimetric Signatures above the Melting Layer in Winter Storms: An Observational and Modeling Study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; ICE; AIRCRAFT; CLOUD; DISCRIMINATION; PRECIPITATION; EVOLUTION; SNOW AB Polarimetric radar observations above the melting layer in winter storms reveal enhanced differential reflectivity Z(DR) and specific differential phase shift K-DP, collocated with reduced copolar correlation coefficient rho(hv); these signatures often appear as isolated "pockets." High-resolutionRHIs and vertical profiles of polarimetric variables were analyzed for a winter storm that occurred in Oklahoma on 27 January 2009, observed with the polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in Norman. The Z(DR) maximum and rhv minimum are located within the temperature range between -10 degrees and -15 degrees C, whereas the K-DP maximum is located just below the Z(DR) maximum. These signatures are coincident with reflectivity factor Z(H) that increases toward the ground. A simple kinematical, one-dimensional, two-moment bulk microphysical model is developed and coupled with electromagnetic scattering calculations to explain the nature of the observed polarimetric signature. The microphysics model includes nucleation, deposition, and aggregation and considers only ice-phase hydrometeors. Vertical profiles of the polarimetric radar variables (Z(H), Z(DR), K-DP, and rho(hv)) were calculated using the output from the microphysical model. The base model run reproduces the general profile and magnitude of the observed Z(H) and rho(hv) and the correct shape (but not magnitude) of Z(DR) and K-DP. Several sensitivity experiments were conducted to determine if the modeled signatures of all variables can match the observed ones. The model was incapable of matching both the observed magnitude and shape of all polarimetric variables, however. This implies that some processes not included in the model (such as secondary ice generation) are important in producing the signature. C1 [Andric, Jelena; Melnikov, Valery M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Andric, Jelena; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Studies, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Straka, Jerry M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Andric, J (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jelena_andric@yahoo.com FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Federal Aviation Administration under Air Force [FA8721-05-C-0002]; NSF [AGS1143948] FX This work evolved from a master's thesis (by the first author) at the University ofOklahoma. Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was also sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002. The second author is partially supported by NSF Grant AGS1143948. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. government or the National Science Foundation. The first author thanks Dr. Ted Mansell (NSSL) for help with the model code. We thank Dr. Alexander Ryzhkov (CIMMS) for many useful discussions and for reviewing an early draft of the manuscript. The authors thank the NSSL/CIMMS employees who maintain and operate the KOUN polarimetric radar for research-grade applications. We are grateful for the comments and suggestions made by three anonymous reviewers, which helped to improve the clarity and focus of the paper. NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 682 EP 700 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-028.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110ST UT WOS:000316466700013 ER PT J AU Wang, CX Yang, P Platnick, S Heidinger, AK Baum, BA Greenwald, T Zhang, ZB Holz, RE AF Wang, Chenxi Yang, Ping Platnick, Steven Heidinger, Andrew K. Baum, Bryan A. Greenwald, Thomas Zhang, Zhibo Holz, Robert E. TI Retrieval of Ice Cloud Properties from AIRS and MODIS Observations Based on a Fast High-Spectral-Resolution Radiative Transfer Model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; INFRARED-SPECTRA; CIRRUS CLOUD; PART I; TROPICAL CIRRUS; DOUBLING METHOD; ATMOSPHERES; ABSORPTION AB A computationally efficient high-spectral-resolution cloudy-sky radiative transfer model (HRTM) in the thermal infrared region (700-1300 cm(-1), 0.1 cm(-1) spectral resolution) is advanced for simulating the up-welling radiance at the top of atmosphere and for retrieving cloud properties. A precomputed transmittance database is generated for simulating the absorption contributed by up to seven major atmospheric absorptive gases (H2O, CO2, O-3, O-2, CH4, CO, and N2O) by using a rigorous line-by-line radiative transfer model (LBLRTM). Both the line absorption of individual gases and continuum absorption are included in the database. A high-spectral-resolution ice particle bulk scattering properties database is employed to simulate the radiation transfer within a vertically nonisothermal ice cloud layer. Inherent to HRTM are sensor spectral response functions that couple with high-spectral-resolution measurements in the thermal infrared regions from instruments such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer. When compared with the LBLRTM and the discrete ordinates radiative transfer model (DISORT), the root-mean-square error of HRTM-simulated single-layer cloud brightness temperatures in the thermal infrared window region is generally smaller than 0.2 K. An ice cloud optical property retrieval scheme is developed using collocated AIRS and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. A retrieval method is proposed to take advantage of the high-spectral-resolution instrument. On the basis of the forward model and retrieval method, a case study is presented for the simultaneous retrieval of ice cloud optical thickness tau and effective particle size D-eff that includes a cloud-top-altitude self-adjustment approach to improve consistency with simulations. C1 [Wang, Chenxi; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Platnick, Steven] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Div Earth Sci, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Baum, Bryan A.; Greenwald, Thomas; Holz, Robert E.] Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. [Zhang, Zhibo] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Wang, CX (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM chenx.wang@geos.tamu.edu RI Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Zhang, Zhibo/D-1710-2010 OI Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Zhang, Zhibo/0000-0001-9491-1654 FU NASA [NNX11AK37G, NNX11AF40G]; University of Wisconsin to Texas AM University [301K630] FX This study was partly supported by NASA Grant NNX11AK37G, for which the principal investigator (PI) is Dr. Ping Yang; a subcontract (Contract 301K630) issued by the University of Wisconsin to Texas A&M University associated with a NASA grant (NNX11AF40G), for which the PI is Dr. Bryan Baum and the coinvestigators are Dr. Ping Yang and Dr. Andrew Heymsfield; and the endowment funds related to the David Bullock Harris Chair in Geosciences at the College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University. The Texas A&M Supercomputing Facility (http://sc.tamu.edu/) provides computational resources for the research reported in this paper. NR 58 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 710 EP 726 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-020.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110ST UT WOS:000316466700015 ER PT J AU Wolfe, JP Snider, JR AF Wolfe, Jonathan P. Snider, Jefferson R. TI Reply to "Comments on 'A Relationship between Reflectivity and Snow Rate for a High-Altitude S-Band Radar'" SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SIZE SPECTRA; PRECIPITATION; PARTICLES C1 [Wolfe, Jonathan P.] Natl Weather Serv, Charleston, WV USA. [Snider, Jefferson R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Snider, JR (reprint author), Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM jonathan.wolfe@noaa.gov; jsnider@uwyo.edu RI Snider, Jefferson/F-9175-2016 OI Snider, Jefferson/0000-0002-9318-1343 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 IS 3 BP 730 EP 731 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0277.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 110ST UT WOS:000316466700017 ER PT J AU Sieglaff, JM Hartung, DC Feltz, WF Cronce, LM Lakshmanan, V AF Sieglaff, Justin M. Hartung, Daniel C. Feltz, Wayne F. Cronce, Lee M. Lakshmanan, Valliappa TI A Satellite-Based Convective Cloud Object Tracking and Multipurpose Data Fusion Tool with Application to Developing Convection SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STORM INITIATION; IDENTIFICATION; REFLECTIVITY; METHODOLOGY; INFORMATION; VALIDATION; FORECAST; NETWORK; AVHRR; VIIRS AB Studying deep convective clouds requires the use of available observation platforms with high temporal and spatial resolution, as well as other non-remote sensing meteorological data (i.e., numerical weather prediction model output, conventional observations, etc.). Such data are often at different temporal and spatial resolutions, and consequently, there exists the need to fuse these different meteorological datasets into a single framework. This paper introduces a methodology to identify and track convective cloud objects from convective cloud infancy [as few as three Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) infrared (IR) pixels] into the mature phase (hundreds of GOES IR pixels) using only geostationary imager IR window observations for the purpose of monitoring the initial growth of convective clouds. The object tracking system described within builds upon the Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information (WDSS-II) object tracking capabilities. The system uses an IR-window-based field as input to WDSS-II for cloud object identification and tracking and a Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies at the University of Wisconsin (UW-CIMSS)-developed postprocessing algorithm to combine WDSS-II cloud object output. The final output of the system is used to fuse multiple meteorological datasets into a single cloud object framework. The object tracking system performance analysis shows improved object tracking performance with both increased temporal resolution of the geostationary data and increased cloud object size. The system output is demonstrated as an effective means for fusing a variety of meteorological data including raw satellite observations, satellite algorithm output, radar observations, and derived output, numerical weather prediction model output, and lightning detection data for studying the initial growth of deep convective clouds and temporal trends of such data. C1 [Sieglaff, Justin M.; Hartung, Daniel C.; Feltz, Wayne F.; Cronce, Lee M.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Sieglaff, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM justin.sieglaff@ssec.wisc.edu FU NOAA GOES Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP) program, Federal [NA10NES4400013] FX We are thankful for the opportunity to perform this work under the NOAA GOES Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP) program, Federal Grant NA10NES4400013. We would also like to acknowledge John Cintineo for his insight and careful review of the manuscript. NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 30 IS 3 BP 510 EP 525 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00114.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 111YP UT WOS:000316558500008 ER PT J AU Yeo, DH Chowdhury, AG AF Yeo, DongHun Chowdhury, Arindam Gan TI Simplified Wind Flow Model for the Estimation of Aerodynamic Effects on Small Structures SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric boundary layer; Computational wind engineering; Flow modeling; Low-rise buildings; Wind engineering; Wind tunnel tests ID LOW-RISE BUILDINGS; RESIDENTIAL HOMES; PRESSURES; LOADS; SIMULATION; FACILITY AB The reliable measurement of pressures on low-rise buildings in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow remains a challenge, as has been shown by the large discrepancies among results obtained in different wind tunnel facilities or even in the same wind tunnel. Two major causes of the discrepancies are the difficulty of simulating large-scale, low-frequency turbulent fluctuations uniformly across laboratories and the small scale of models in typical civil engineering wind tunnels. To address these issues, it was proposed that a simplified flow be used in laboratory simulations, rather than a conventional ABL flow. In the simplified flow the reference mean wind speed is larger than the mean wind speed of the ABL flow, and the low-frequency fluctuations present in the ABL flow are suppressed; that is, the peak energy of the missing low-frequency fluctuations is supplied in the simplified flow by the increment in the mean wind speed, which may be regarded as a flow fluctuation with zero frequency. High-frequency turbulent fluctuations, which typically affect flow reattachment, are approximately the same in the ABL and the simplified flow. Because, over small distances, low-frequency fluctuations are highly coherent spatially for small low-rise buildings with dimensions of up to approximately 20 m (e.g., single-family residential homes), the peak aerodynamic effects of the two flows may be hypothesized to be approximately the same. Preliminary experimental results obtained in University of Western Ontario's ABL wind tunnel facility and Florida International University's small-scale Wall of Wind facility are shown to support this hypothesis. The use of the proposed simplified flow is currently being tested by the authors for application to computational wind engineering (CWE) applications. Such use eliminates the need to simulate the lower frequency fluctuations of the boundary layer flow and thus makes it possible to achieve practical CWE calculations, and it is advantageous in experiments from the points of view of measurement accuracy, model scaling, repeatability of the simulations, and computational efficiency. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000508. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Yeo, DongHun] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chowdhury, Arindam Gan] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33174 USA. RP Yeo, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donghun.yeo@nist.gov NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9399 J9 J ENG MECH-ASCE JI J. Eng. Mech.-ASCE PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 IS 3 SI SI BP 367 EP 375 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000508 PG 9 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 111XG UT WOS:000316554400014 ER PT J AU Zolot, AM Giorgetta, FR Baumann, E Swann, WC Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Zolot, A. M. Giorgetta, F. R. Baumann, E. Swann, W. C. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. TI Broad-band frequency references in the near-infrared: Accurate dual comb spectroscopy of methane and acetylene SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Spectroscopy; Methane; Acetylene; Frequency comb ID MU-M; NOBEL LECTURE; RESOLUTION; REGION; LASERS; CM(-1); INTERFEROMETRY; SPECTROMETER; (CH4)-C-12; PRECISION AB The Doppler-limited spectra of methane between 176 THz and 184 THz (5870-6130 cm(-1)) and acetylene between 193 THz and 199 THz (6430-6630 cm(-1)) are acquired via comb-tooth resolved dual comb spectroscopy with frequency accuracy traceable to atomic standards. A least squares analysis of the measured absorbance and phase line shapes provides line center frequencies with absolute accuracy of 0.2 MHz, or less than one thousandth of the room temperature Doppler width.. This accuracy is verified through comparison with previous saturated absorption spectroscopy of 37 strong isolated lines of acetylene. For the methane spectrum, the center frequencies of 46 well-isolated strong lines are determined with similar high accuracy, along with the center frequencies for 1107 non-isolated lines at lower accuracy. The measured methane line-center frequencies have an uncertainty comparable to the few available laser heterodyne measurements in this region but span a much larger optical bandwidth, marking the first broad-band measurements of the methane 2 nu(3) region directly referenced to atomic frequency standards. This study demonstrates the promise of dual comb spectroscopy to obtain high resolution broadband spectra that are comparable to state-of-the-art Fourier-transform spectrometer measurements but with much improved frequency accuracy. Work of the US government, not subject to US copyright. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Zolot, A. M.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Baumann, E.; Swann, W. C.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zolot, A. M.; Newbury, N. R.] USAF, Res Lab, Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nathan.newbury@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 NR 52 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 74 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 118 BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.11.024 PG 14 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 110EG UT WOS:000316424800004 ER PT J AU Charnotskii, M AF Charnotskii, Mikhail TI Sparse spectrum model for a turbulent phase SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID FAST-FOURIER-TRANSFORM; FRACTIONAL BROWNIAN-MOTION; WAVE-FRONT PHASE; SCREEN GENERATOR; ATMOSPHERIC-TURBULENCE; INFINITELY LONG; SIMULATION; ZERNIKE; RECONSTRUCTION; IMPLEMENTATION AB Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of phase front perturbations by atmospheric turbulence finds numerous applications for design and modeling of the adaptive optics systems, laser beam propagation simulations, and evaluating the performance of the various optical systems operating in the open air environment. Accurate generation of two-dimensional random fields of turbulent phase is complicated by the enormous diversity of scales that can reach five orders of magnitude in each coordinate. In addition there is a need for generation of the long "ribbons" of turbulent phase that are used to represent the time evolution of the wave front. This makes it unfeasible to use the standard discrete Fourier transform-based technique as a basis for the MC simulation algorithm. We propose a new model for turbulent phase: the sparse spectrum (SS) random field. The principal assumption of the SS model is that each realization of the random field has a discrete random spectral support. Statistics of the random amplitudes and wave vectors of the SS model are arranged to provide the required spectral and correlation properties of the random field. The SS-based MC model offers substantial reduction of computer costs for simulation of the wide-band random fields and processes, and is capable of generating long aperiodic phase "ribbons." We report the results of model trials that determine the number of sparse components, and the range of wavenumbers that is necessary to accurately reproduce the random field with a power-law spectrum. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Charnotskii, Mikhail] Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80516 USA. [Charnotskii, Mikhail] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80516 USA. RP Charnotskii, M (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, 325 Broadway R-PSD 99, Boulder, CO 80516 USA. EM Mikhail.charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 EI 1520-8532 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 30 IS 3 BP 479 EP 488 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 105VA UT WOS:000316099600021 PM 23456124 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Yang, J AF Wong-Ng, Winnie Yang, J. TI International Centre for Diffraction Data and American Society for Metals database survey of thermoelectric half-Heusler material systems SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th European Powder Diffraction Conference (EPDIC) CY OCT 28-31, 2012 CL Grenoble, FRANCE DE thermoelectric half-Heusler compounds; ICDD PDF; ASM phase diagram database; survey ID SN TERNARY-SYSTEM; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; ISOTHERMAL SECTION; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BAND-GAP; AG-SN; 400-DEGREES-C; NI AB Phase diagrams and X-ray powder diffraction patterns provide critical information for thermoelectric (TE) research. We have conducted a survey of phase diagrams and powder diffraction patterns of TE systems in the ASM (American Society for Metals) Metal/Alloy database and ICDD (International Centre for Diffraction Data) PDF (Powder Diffraction File), respectively, for their availability and crystal systems. In this report, we focus on TE materials that have the half-Heusler XYZ structure, and related compounds, based on a set of materials selection rules. We found that among 306 potential XYZ compounds that we have surveyed, 234 have powder diffraction patterns in the PDF, but only 28 have phase diagram information, and 67 do not have any crystallographic information. Among the 234 phases with powder patterns, 84 were reported to have cubic F (4) over bar 3m half-Heusler type structure, and the remainder have hexagonal, orthorhombic or other structure types. Some XYZ compounds have both cubic and hexagonal phases. This information will provide the basis for future activities for the improvement of the databases. These activities include filling the missing gaps in both phase equilibria database and the PDF, as well as adding TE and pertinent physical properties to the PDF. (C) 2013 International Centre for Diffraction Data. [doi: 10.1017/S0885715612000942] C1 [Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, J.] Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Yang, Jiong/K-6330-2014 OI Yang, Jiong/0000-0002-5862-5981 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 36 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 EI 1945-7413 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 32 EP 43 DI 10.1017/S0885715612000942 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 107PH UT WOS:000316229900005 ER PT J AU Ivanov, AR Colangelo, CM Dufresne, CP Friedman, DB Lilley, KS Mechtler, K Phinney, BS Rose, KL Rudnick, PA Searle, BC Shaffer, SA Weintraub, ST AF Ivanov, Alexander R. Colangelo, Christopher M. Dufresne, Craig P. Friedman, David B. Lilley, Kathryn S. Mechtler, Karl Phinney, Brett S. Rose, Kristie L. Rudnick, Paul A. Searle, Brian C. Shaffer, Scott A. Weintraub, Susan T. TI Interlaboratory studies and initiatives developing standards for proteomics SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE LC-MS/MS; Mass spectrometry-based proteomics; Phosphopeptides; Post-translational modifications; Protein identification ID SPECTROMETRY-BASED PROTEOMICS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION; PERFORMANCE METRICS; AFFINITY REAGENTS; GUIDELINES; PROJECT; PLASMA; FORMAT; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Proteomics is a rapidly transforming interdisciplinary field of research that embraces a diverse set of analytical approaches to tackle problems in fundamental and applied biology. This viewpoint article highlights the benefits of interlaboratory studies and standardization initiatives to enable investigators to address many of the challenges found in proteomics research. Among these initiatives, we discuss our efforts on a comprehensive performance standard for characterizing PTMs by MS that was recently developed by the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) Proteomics Standards Research Group (sPRG). C1 [Ivanov, Alexander R.] Northeastern Univ, Barnett Inst Chem & Biol Anal, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Colangelo, Christopher M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, WM Keck Fdn Biotechnol Resource Lab, New Haven, CT USA. [Colangelo, Christopher M.] Yale Univ, Dept Mol Biophys Biochem, New Haven, CT USA. [Dufresne, Craig P.; Rose, Kristie L.] Thermo Fisher Sci, W Palm Beach, FL USA. [Friedman, David B.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biochem, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. [Lilley, Kathryn S.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Mechtler, Karl] IMP Res Inst Mol Pathol, Vienna, Austria. [Phinney, Brett S.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Rudnick, Paul A.] NIST, Div Biomol Measurement, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Searle, Brian C.] Proteome Software, Portland, OR USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Prote & Mass Spectrometry Facil, Worcester, MA USA. [Shaffer, Scott A.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Pharmacol, Worcester, MA USA. [Weintraub, Susan T.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Ivanov, AR (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Barnett Inst Chem & Biol Anal, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, 360 Huntington Ave,412TF, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM a.ivanov@neu.edu RI Phinney, Brett/S-6404-2016; OI Phinney, Brett/0000-0003-3870-3302; Mechtler, Karl/0000-0002-3392-9946; Colangelo, Christopher/0000-0002-0438-1395 FU NCRR NIH HHS [S10 RR026707]; NIDA NIH HHS [P30 DA018343] NR 48 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD MAR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 6 SI SI BP 904 EP 909 DI 10.1002/pmic.201200532 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 106NJ UT WOS:000316150500002 PM 23319436 ER PT J AU Marvasti, A AF Marvasti, Akbar TI The role of price expectations and legal uncertainties in ocean mineral, exploration activities SO RESOURCES POLICY LA English DT Article DE Exploration expenditures; Ocean minerals; Time series regression ID UK CONTINENTAL-SHELF; IRREVERSIBLE INVESTMENT; CAPACITY CHOICE; INDUSTRY; SEA; OIL AB In this paper, a standard exploration activities model is modified and applied to time series, data from deep seabed mining of a group of minerals where the number of patents is used as a proxy, for the level of mineral exploration activities. In addition to the rational expectations model, price, expectations formation for mineral prices is decomposed into trend and cyclical components using the, HP-filter method. Estimated parameters from the supply and cost functions are used to determine the, shadow price of the minerals. The non-linear instrumental variables estimator is employed to estimate, the exploration activities function. While the rational expectations model shows the importance of, current prices on exploration efforts, the HP-filter model suggests that firms concentrate on the trend, in prices rather than the short-run cyclical fluctuations. Also, while the U.S. refusal to ratify the LOSC, has increased the legal uncertainties surrounding the management of ocean resources and reduced the, incentive to engage in exploration activities, the passage of the ISA's main legislative accomplishment, regarding regulation of the explorations for polymetallic nodules appear to have made a positive effect. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Marvasti, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM akbar.marvasti@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-4207 J9 RESOUR POLICY JI Resour. Policy PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1016/j.resourpol.2012.09.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 104ZK UT WOS:000316035200009 ER PT J AU Busch, DS Sheer, M Burnett, K Mcelhany, P Cooney, T AF Busch, D. Shallin Sheer, Mindi Burnett, Kelly Mcelhany, Paul Cooney, Tom TI LANDSCAPE-LEVEL MODEL TO PREDICT SPAWNING HABITAT FOR LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER FALL CHINOOK SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS TSHAWYTSCHA) SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; habitat modeling; intrinsic potential; digital elevation model; Lower Columbia River (USA) ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; CHANNEL; BASINS; UNCERTAINTY; ECOSYSTEMS; SELECTION; STREAMS; OREGON; REACH AB We developed an intrinsic potential (IP) model to estimate the potential of streams to provide habitat for spawning fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Lower Columbia River evolutionarily significant unit. This evolutionarily significant unit is a threatened species, and both fish abundance and distribution are reduced from historical levels. The IP model focuses on geomorphic conditions that lead to the development of a habitat that fish use and includes three geomorphic channel parameters: confinement, width and gradient. We found that the amount of potential habitat for each population does not correlate with current, depressed, total population abundance. However, reaches currently used by spawners have high IP, and IP model results correlate well with results from the complex Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment model. A disproportionately large amount of habitat with the best potential is currently inaccessible to fish because of anthropogenic barriers. Sensitivity analyses indicate that uncertainty in the relationship between channel width and habitat suitability has the largest influence on model results and that model form influences model results more for some populations than for others. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Busch, D. Shallin; Sheer, Mindi; Mcelhany, Paul] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Burnett, Kelly] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Cooney, Tom] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Portland, OR 97232 USA. RP Busch, DS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Shallin.Busch@noaa.gov FU National Research Council FX T. Beechie, H. Imaki, J. Myers, D. Rawding and the participants of the November 2008 State of the IP workshop in Portland, Oregon, contributed ideas helpful in the development of this model and manuscript. Greg Blair of IFC International, Inc., graciously provided the EDT output used in this study. DSB was supported by a National Research Council post-doctoral fellowship. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 29 IS 3 BP 297 EP 312 DI 10.1002/rra.1597 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 108BY UT WOS:000316267200003 ER PT J AU Larsen, DA Harstad, DL Strom, CR Johnston, MV Knudsen, CM Fast, DE Pearsons, TN Beckman, BR AF Larsen, Donald A. Harstad, Deborah L. Strom, Charles R. Johnston, Mark V. Knudsen, Curtis M. Fast, David E. Pearsons, Todd N. Beckman, Brian R. TI Early Life History Variation in Hatchery- and Natural-Origin Spring Chinook Salmon in the Yakima River, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARLY SEXUAL-MATURATION; ALTERNATIVE MALE PHENOTYPES; PRECOCIOUS MALE MATURATION; MALE ATLANTIC SALMON; TO-ADULT SURVIVAL; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STEELHEAD TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MATING SUCCESS; COLUMBIA RIVER AB In male Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, age of maturation is phenotypically plastic, occurring at age 1 (referred to as precocious parr or microjack), age 2 (minijack), age 3 (jack), age 4, or age 5. Microjacks and minijacks are thought to forego migration to the ocean as smolts, instead remaining in headwaters and employing a sneaking strategy to fertilize eggs. We compared the prevalence of minijacks (minijack rate) among hatchery- and natural-origin spring Chinook Salmon from the Yakima River, Washington, over seven brood years (20012007). We quantified minijack rates and sex ratios in the hatchery population prior to release and during out-migration at a trap located 230km downstream. Within this time period, we also monitored minijack rates in a 3-year (brood years 20022004) growth study designed to reduce minijack production at the hatchery. Minijacks made up an average of 41% of the male population in the hatchery, but annual minijack rates varied in response to the growth rate or fish size at release. Average minijack rate was approximately 20% among out-migrating hatchery fish, about half the rate found prior to release. Among out-migrants, minijack rates of hatchery fish were approximately 10times those of natural-origin fish, but sex ratios were significantly skewed toward females in both hatchery- and natural-origin groups. Data from this study and related studies suggest that the predominant age of early male maturation in the Yakima River and similar rivers is age 2 (minijack) in hatchery fish and age 1 (microjack) in natural-origin fish. Based on this and other studies, we now recognize three minijack life history types in spring Chinook Salmon: resident, fluvial, and anadromous, depending on the migration pattern exhibited in the spring and summer. Finally, we discuss the broader impacts that high minijack production may have on the establishment of size-at-release targets for salmon supplementation programs in the future. Received July 11, 2012; accepted November 13, 2012 C1 [Larsen, Donald A.; Harstad, Deborah L.; Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Physiol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Strom, Charles R.] Yakama Nat, Cle Elum Supplementat & Res Facil, Cle Elum, WA 98922 USA. [Johnston, Mark V.; Fast, David E.] Yakama Nation Fisheries, Nelson Springs Res Ctr, Yakima, WA 98902 USA. [Pearsons, Todd N.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Larsen, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Physiol Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM don.larsen@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [200203100] FX This research was conducted in cooperation with the Cle Elum Supplementation and Research Facility staff (Cle Elum, Washington); Leroy Senator and his staff at the Chandler Smolt Bypass Facility, Prosser Dam (Yakama Nation, Toppenish, Washington); Bill Bosch (Yakama Nation, Yakima, Washington); Steve Schroder (WDFW, Olympia); and Craig Busack (formerly WDFW; currently National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Fisheries, Portland, Oregon). Assistance in sampling and laboratory analysis was provided by Kathy Cooper, Shelly Nance, and Larissa Rohrbach (School of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, University of Washington, Seattle); and Paul Parkins, Dina Spangenberg, and Abby Tillotson (NOAA Fisheries, Seattle). Samples were collected during pathology screening with assistance from Anthony Fritts and his staff (WDFW, Ellensburg); and Ray Brunson, Joy Evered, Chris Patterson, and Sonia Mumford (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Olympia, Washington). The 11-KT antibody was kindly provided by David Kime. We are grateful to Neil Metcalf, Penny Swanson, and an anonymous reviewer formaking excellent suggestions to improve this manuscript. Financial support was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration administered by Deborah Docherty and Jay Marcotte under Contract Number 200203100. NR 60 TC 16 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 48 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 142 IS 2 BP 540 EP 555 DI 10.1080/00028487.2012.750626 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 098SL UT WOS:000315568900022 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Hook, TO Nalepa, TF Thomas, MV Dyble, J AF Pothoven, Steven A. Hoeoek, Tomas O. Nalepa, Thomas F. Thomas, Michael V. Dyble, Julianne TI Changes in zooplankton community structure associated with the disappearance of invasive alewife in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO AQUATIC ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alosa pseudoharengus; Bythotrephes; Zooplankton; Daphnia; Predator-prey ID MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; CALANOID-CYCLOPOID INTERACTIONS; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; YELLOW PERCH; BYTHOTREPHES-LONGIMANUS; PREDATORY CLADOCERANS; TROPHIC INTERACTIONS; SPECIES INVASION; SIZE STRUCTURE; WATER-QUALITY AB We evaluated the response of the zooplankton community Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron to the disappearance of the planktivore alewife Alosa pseudoharengus using data collected in 1991-1996 (pre alewife decline) and 2009-2010 (post alewife decline). Bosmina longirostris, Diaptomidae, Cyclops, and Daphnia galeata contributed greatly to the separation of the two time periods with Diaptomidae and D. galeata increasing and Cyclops and B. longirostris decreasing, although B. longirostris remained the dominant species. Peak densities of zooplankton occurred in early summer (June) in the 1990s and in early fall (October) in 2009-2010. For the analysis of environmental variables on a bay-wide, annual basis, abundance of alewife, age-0 yellow perch Perca flavescens and Bythotrephes captured much of the variation in annual zooplankton community structure. Abundances of Bythotrephes and age-0 yellow perch were both higher in 2009-2010 than in 1991-1996. Some changes such as increasing proportions of calanoid copepods reflect a more oligotrophic community and are potentially indicative of resource-driven changes rather than direct or indirect impacts of the alewife disappearance. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.; Dyble, Julianne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Thomas, Michael V.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Lake St Clair Fisheries Res Stn, Mt Clemens, MI 48045 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center [1643] FX We thank those who helped in the field and laboratory, especially C. Roswell, B. Coggins, J. Militello, J. Cavaletto, A, Yagiela, and J. Workman. Project funding provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. GLERL contribution 1643. NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 65 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-2588 EI 1573-5125 J9 AQUAT ECOL JI Aquat. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 47 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1007/s10452-012-9420-1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104QM UT WOS:000316009500001 ER PT J AU Kim, OY Lu, CG McGinley, JA Albers, SC Oh, JH AF Kim, Ok-Yeon Lu, Chungu McGinley, John A. Albers, Steven C. Oh, Jai-Ho TI Experiments of LAPS wind and temperature analysis with background error statistics obtained using ensemble methods SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE LAPS (Local Analysis and Prediction System); Background error; Error covariance; Short-range forecasts ID PREDICTION SYSTEM LAPS; DATA ASSIMILATION; LOCAL ANALYSIS; KALMAN FILTER; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; WEATHER PREDICTION; INITIAL CONDITIONS; MODEL; COVARIANCES AB Main purpose of this study is to show that if background error statistics obtained using ensemble methods can improve forecast as well as analysis by ingesting background wind and temperature error statistics in the LAPS (Local Analysis and Prediction System) data assimilation. Wind and temperature analysis are verified by comparing the current LAPS analysis that has spatial and temporal constant weighting of background errors (OLD) with the upgraded LAPS analysis incorporating ensemble-derived weighting as background error statistics (NEW). Using the ensemble-derived weighting for LAPS analysis (NEW) produces more realistic and even more detailed analysis field that would be affected by topography than does the constant weighting for LAPS analysis (OLD). In particular, the wind speed analyses are clearly improved at most pressure levels by ingesting background error statistics, whereas the wind direction and temperature analyses with ingested background wind variance are improved at many levels but deteriorated at others. Two forecasts initialized with both LAPS OLD and NEW analysis are compared each other and then verified against the independent observations. The errors of wind speed/direction and temperature from NEW forecasts are similar to or less than those from OLD forecasts. In particular, wind direction show little improvement in the NEW forecast at some levels, but those could not be statistically significant. Temperature improvements appear better than the wind improvements. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Ok-Yeon; Oh, Jai-Ho] Pukyong Natl Univ, Pusan, South Korea. [Lu, Chungu] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [McGinley, John A.; Albers, Steven C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kim, OY (reprint author), APEC Climate Ctr APCC, Climate Res Dept, 1463 U Dong, Pusan 612020, South Korea. EM oykim@apcc21.org RI Albers, Steven/E-7416-2015 NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 BP 250 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.11.011 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098LT UT WOS:000315551500021 ER PT J AU Munir, S Burhan, ZUN Naz, T Siddiqui, PJA Morton, SL AF Munir, Sonia Burhan, Zaib-un-Nisa Naz, Tahira Siddiqui, P. J. A. Morton, Steve L. TI Morphotaxonomy and seasonal distribution of planktonic and benthic Prorocentrales in Karachi waters, Pakistan Northern Arabian Sea SO CHINESE JOURNAL OF OCEANOLOGY AND LIMNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecology; morphology; planktonic/benthic Prorocentrales; harmful algae; scanning electron microscopy; northern Arabian Sea ID SP-NOV DINOPHYCEAE; TWIN-CAYS; GENUS PROROCENTRUM; LIMA DINOPHYCEAE; MANGROVE ISLAND; CORAL-REEF; DINOFLAGELLATE; BELIZE; MORPHOLOGY; PYRROPHYTA AB Morphotaxonomy and seasonal abundance of dinoflagellates of the genera Prorocentrum and Mesoporos (Prorocentrales) were studied from nutrient-rich waters, Karachi Harbor and the mouth of the Manora Channel, Pakistan during May 2002-July 2003. Using both light and scanning electron microscopy, 13 species of Prorocentrales were identified according to cell shape, size, ornamentation of thecal plates, and architecture of apical platelets, apical pore area, marginal pores, and intercalary bands. P. sigmoides, P. arcuatum, P. scutellum, P. donghaiense, P. balticum, P. minimum, P. emarginatum, P. lima, P. faustiae, and Mesoporos perforatus constitute new records for sindh coast of Pakistan. The most abundant species were P. minimum/P. balticum (4.5x10(3) cells/L), P. micans (1.1x10(3) cells/L), P. gracile / P. sigmoides (2.5x10 (2) cells/L) and P. donghaiense (6.6x10(3) cells/L) at temperatures of 29-31A degrees C and salinities of 35-40. Maximum abundance was observed in winter and lower abundance in summer. There was no significant change in the distribution of species between stations except for the benthic species which occurred close to Karachi Harbor waters. Significant positive correlations were observed between Prorocentrum spp. and temperature ( R (2) =0.27) and negative correlations with salinity ( R (2) =-0.32) except for P. minimum and P. emarginatum which has negative correlation with temperature (R (2) =-0.24) and positive with salinity (R (2) =0.08, 0.19). The finding of potential okadaic-acid producing species of benthic Prorocentrum call for monitoring for possible human health problems in this region. C1 [Munir, Sonia; Burhan, Zaib-un-Nisa; Naz, Tahira; Siddiqui, P. J. A.] Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. [Morton, Steve L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Munir, S (reprint author), Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. EM soniaku2003@yahoo.com FU Scholarship (IRSIP) of Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan FX Supported by Scholarship (IRSIP) of Higher Education Commission, Islamabad, Pakistan for Doctoral student Miss. Sonia Munir NR 46 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING, 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0254-4059 J9 CHIN J OCEANOL LIMN JI Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 31 IS 2 BP 267 EP 281 DI 10.1007/s00343-013-2150-y PG 15 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 104TO UT WOS:000316018300002 ER PT J AU Mielikainen, J Huang, B Wang, J Huang, HLA Goldberg, MD AF Mielikainen, Jarno Huang, Bormin Wang, Jun Huang, H-L. Allen Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Compute unified device architecture (CUDA)-based parallelization of WRF Kessler cloud microphysics scheme SO COMPUTERS & GEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE WRF; Kessler microphysics scheme; GPU; CUDA ID ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING INTERFEROMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; GPU; SIMULATION; WEATHER AB In recent years, graphics processing units (GPUs) have emerged as a low-cost, low-power and a very high performance alternative to conventional central processing units (CPUs). The latest GPUs offer a speedup of two-to-three orders of magnitude over CPU for various science and engineering applications. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is the latest-generation numerical weather prediction model. It has been designed to serve both operational forecasting and atmospheric research needs. It proves useful for a broad spectrum of applications for domain scales ranging from meters to hundreds of kilometers. WRF computes an approximate solution to the differential equations which govern the air motion of the whole atmosphere. Kessler microphysics module in WRF is a simple warm cloud scheme that includes water vapor, cloud water and rain. Microphysics processes which are modeled are rain production, fall and evaporation. The accretion and auto-conversion of cloud water processes are also included along with the production of cloud water from condensation. In this paper, we develop an efficient WRF Kessler microphysics scheme which runs on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) using the NVIDIA Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). The GPO-based implementation of Kessler microphysics scheme achieves a significant speedup of 70 x over its CPU based single-threaded counterpart. When a 4 GPU system is used, we achieve an overall speedup of 132 x as compared to the single thread CPU version. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Mielikainen, Jarno; Huang, Bormin; Wang, Jun; Huang, H-L. Allen] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Huang, B (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM bormin@ssec.wisc.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX This work is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant No. NA10NES4400013. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0098-3004 J9 COMPUT GEOSCI-UK JI Comput. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 52 BP 292 EP 299 DI 10.1016/j.cageo.2012.10.006 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA 098OK UT WOS:000315558400031 ER PT J AU Plummer, ML Harvey, CJ Anderson, LE Guerry, AD Ruckelshaus, MH AF Plummer, Mark L. Harvey, Chris J. Anderson, Leif E. Guerry, Anne D. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. TI The Role of Eelgrass in Marine Community Interactions and Ecosystem Services: Results from Ecosystem-Scale Food Web Models SO ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE ecosystem services; habitat restoration; eelgrass restoration; ecosystem models; food webs; economics ID ECOPATH; ECOSIM; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; PACIFIC; OCEAN AB Eelgrass beds provide valuable refuge, foraging, and spawning habitat for many marine species, including valued species such as Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi), and Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister). We used dynamic simulations in a food web model of central Puget Sound, Washington, USA developed in the Ecopath with Ecosim software, to examine how the marine community may respond to changes in coverage of native eelgrass (Zostera marina), and how these modeled responses can be assessed using an ecosystem services framework, expressing these services with economic currencies in some cases and biological proxies in others. Increased eelgrass coverage was most associated with increases in commercial and recreational fishing with some small decreases in one non-market activity, bird watching. When we considered ecosystem service categories that are aggregations of individual groups of species, we saw little evidence of strong tradeoffs among marine resources; that is, increasing eelgrass coverage was essentially either positive or neutral for all services we examined, although we did not examine terrestrial activities (for example, land use) that affect eelgrass coverage. Within particular service categories, however, we found cases where the responses to changes in eelgrass of individual groups of species that provide the same type of ecosystem service differed both in the magnitude and in the direction of change. This emphasizes the care that should be taken in combining multiple examples of a particular type of ecosystem service into an aggregate measure of that service. C1 [Plummer, Mark L.; Harvey, Chris J.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Guerry, Anne D.; Ruckelshaus, Mary H.] Stanford Univ, Nat Capital Project, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Anderson, Leif E.] NOAA, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Plummer, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.plummer@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 5 U2 122 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-9840 EI 1435-0629 J9 ECOSYSTEMS JI Ecosystems PD MAR PY 2013 VL 16 IS 2 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s10021-012-9609-0 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 098WQ UT WOS:000315580200005 ER PT J AU Craig, JK Bosman, SH AF Craig, J. Kevin Bosman, Samantha H. TI Small Spatial Scale Variation in Fish Assemblage Structure in the Vicinity of the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE Hypoxia; Assemblage structure; Gulf of Mexico; Spatial dynamics; Edge effects; Eutrophication; Bycatch; Community dynamics ID SHRIMP TRAWL BYCATCH; LA-PLATA ESTUARY; US WEST-COAST; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DEMERSAL FISH; BROWN SHRIMP; ATLANTIC CROAKER; NEW-ZEALAND; UPPER SLOPE; ICHTHYOPLANKTON ASSEMBLAGES AB Seasonal hypoxia [dissolved oxygen (DO) a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 2 mg l(-1)] occurs over large regions of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico continental shelf during the summer months (June-August) as a result of nutrient enrichment from the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system. We characterized the community structure of mobile fishes and invertebrates (i.e., nekton) in and around the hypoxic zone using 3 years of bottom trawl and hydrographic data. Species richness and total abundance were lowest in anoxic waters (DO a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 1 mg l(-1)) and increased at intermediate DO levels (2-4 mg l(-1)). Species were primarily structured as a benthic assemblage dominated by Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) and sand and silver seatrout (Cynoscion spp.), and a pelagic assemblage dominated by Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus). Of the environmental variables examined, bottom DO and distance to the edge of the hypoxic zone were most strongly correlated with assemblage structure, while temperature and depth were important in some years. Hypoxia altered the spatial distribution of both assemblages, but these effects were more severe for the benthic assemblage than for the pelagic assemblage. Brown shrimp, the primary target of the commercial shrimp trawl fishery during the summer, occurred in both assemblages, but was more abundant within the benthic assemblage. Given the similarity of the demersal nekton community described here to that taken as bycatch in the shrimp fishery, our results suggest that hypoxia-induced changes in spatial dynamics have the potential to influence harvest and bycatch interactions in and around the Gulf hypoxic zone. C1 [Craig, J. Kevin] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bosman, Samantha H.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. RP Craig, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kevin.craig@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research [NA05NOS4781197, NA03NOS4780040] FX We thank the crew of the R/V Tommy Munro, the R/V Texas Longhorn, and numerous technicians and volunteers for help in conducting the research cruises. We thank T. Henwood, B. Pellegrin, and S. Nichols of the National Marine Fisheries Service Pascagoula Laboratory for valuable advice and the use of trawl gear. We thank A. Hohn, D. Meyer, K. Purcell, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript. Financial support for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research under award No. NA05NOS4781197 and No. NA03NOS4780040. This is NGOMEX publication number 165. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. NR 109 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 47 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 EI 1559-2731 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD MAR PY 2013 VL 36 IS 2 BP 268 EP 285 DI 10.1007/s12237-012-9577-9 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104SL UT WOS:000316015000004 ER PT J AU Lisi, PJ Schindler, DE Bentley, KT Pess, GR AF Lisi, Peter J. Schindler, Daniel E. Bentley, Kale T. Pess, George R. TI Association between geomorphic attributes of watersheds, water temperature, and salmon spawn timing in Alaskan streams SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Intraspecific diversity; Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka); Bristol Bay, Alaska; Resource heterogeneity; Phenology ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; POPULATION DIVERSITY; HABITAT; RIVER; MIGRATION; HETEROGENEITY; LAKE; ECOSYSTEMS; LANDSCAPE; CONTEXT AB Intraspecific variation in the seasonal reproductive timing of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus sp.) has important implications for the resilience of salmon and for organisms in freshwater and terrestrial communities that depend on salmon resources. Stream temperature has well known associations with salmon spawn timing but how stream and watershed geomorphology relates to the variation in salmon spawn timing is less understood. We used multivariate statistics applied to five environmental variables to compare conditions across 36 watersheds in the Wood River basin in southwest Alaska. We found that the environmental conditions in the first two axes of a principal components analysis (PCA) explained 76% of the variation in summer temperature among streams and 45% of the variation in spawn timing of sockeye salmon. The average habitat characteristics of streams that characterized three spawn timing groups of sockeye salmon were significantly distinct from one another. Sites supporting early spawning populations tend to have steeper and smaller watersheds, while late spawning populations occur in streams draining large, lower gradient watersheds with lakes in the drainage network. Finally, we show that stream temperature and spawn timing among streams have little spatial correlation across the landscape, thereby producing a fine-scale mosaic of spawn timing across the river basin. These results demonstrate that geomorphology and hydrology interact to produce a heterogeneous thermal template for natural selection to influence salmon spawn timing across river basins. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lisi, Peter J.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Bentley, Kale T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Pess, George R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Lisi, PJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, POB 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM peter.j.lisi@gmail.com FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation; Harriet Bullitt Professorship; Alaska salmon processing industry FX This work is a contributed effort by the Western Alaska Landscape Conservation Cooperative and the UW Alaska Salmon Program with financial support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Science Foundation Biocomplexity and CNH programs, the Harriet Bullitt Professorship, and the Alaska salmon processing industry. The first author is supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. We are grateful for the field and laboratory help by Jonny Armstrong, Rachel Hovel, Gordon Holtgrieve, Mackenzie Consoer, KathiJo Jankowski, Laura Payne, Chris Boatright, and Jackie Carter and to the staff of the Wood-Tikchik State Park for support of our research. We thank Julian Olden for providing useful comments on a draft of this manuscript. NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 105 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 185 BP 78 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.12.013 PG 9 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 099JB UT WOS:000315616200007 ER PT J AU Chander, G Hewison, TJ Fox, N Wu, XQ Xiong, XX Blackwell, WJ AF Chander, Gyanesh Hewison, Tim J. Fox, Nigel Wu, Xiangqian Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blackwell, William J. TI Foreword to the Special Issue on Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] SGT USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewison, Tim J.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites EUMETS, Darmstadt, Germany. [Fox, Nigel] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wu, Xiangqian] STAR NESDIS NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blackwell, William J.] MIT Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), SGT USGS EROS Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Hewison, Tim/0000-0002-7845-5107 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1052 EP 1055 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2240331 PN 1 PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900001 ER PT J AU Chander, G Hewison, TJ Fox, N Wu, XQ Xiong, XX Blackwell, WJ AF Chander, Gyanesh Hewison, Tim J. Fox, Nigel Wu, Xiangqian Xiong, Xiaoxiong Blackwell, William J. TI Overview of Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; comparison; constellations; correction; cross-calibration; Earth Observing (EO) System; infrared; intercalibration; international collaboration; microwave; monitoring; radiometric calibration; reflective solar band (RSB); satellite; satellites; thermal infrared; traceability; validation; visible ID IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION; ABSOLUTE RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; ON-ORBIT CALIBRATION; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE BIASES; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE FLUX ESTIMATION AB Intercalibration of satellite instruments is critical for detection and quantification of changes in the Earth's environment, weather forecasting, understanding climate processes, and monitoring climate and land cover change. These applications use data from many satellites; for the data to be interoperable, the instruments must be cross-calibrated. To meet the stringent needs of such applications, instruments must provide reliable, accurate, and consistent measurements over time. Robust techniques are required to ensure that observations from different instruments can be normalized to a common scale that the community agrees on. The long-term reliability of this process needs to be sustained in accordance with established reference standards and best practices. Furthermore, establishing physical meaning to the information through robust Systeme International d'unites traceable calibration and validation (Cal/Val) is essential to fully understand the parameters under observation. The processes of calibration, correction, stability monitoring, and quality assurance need to be underpinned and evidenced by comparison with "peer instruments" and, ideally, highly calibrated in-orbit reference instruments. Intercalibration between instruments is a central pillar of the Cal/Val strategies of many national and international satellite remote sensing organizations. Intercalibration techniques as outlined in this paper not only provide a practical means of identifying and correcting relative biases in radiometric calibration between instruments but also enable potential data gaps between measurement records in a critical time series to be bridged. Use of a robust set of internationally agreed upon and coordinated inter-calibration techniques will lead to significant improvement in the consistency between satellite instruments and facilitate accurate monitoring of the Earth's climate at uncertainty levels needed to detect and attribute the mechanisms of change. This paper summarizes the state-of-the-art of postlaunch radiometric calibration of remote sensing satellite instruments through intercalibration. C1 [Chander, Gyanesh] US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Hewison, Tim J.] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Fox, Nigel] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Blackwell, William J.] MIT, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Chander, G (reprint author), US Geol Survey, SGT Inc, Earth Resources Observat & Sci Ctr, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM gchander@usgs.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Richards, Amber/K-8203-2015; OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Hewison, Tim/0000-0002-7845-5107 FU U.S. Geological Survey [G10PC00044] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract G10PC00044. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government or the National Metrology Institutes. NR 241 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 7 U2 55 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1056 EP 1080 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228654 PN 1 PG 25 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900002 ER PT J AU Hewison, TJ Wu, XQ Yu, FF Tahara, Y Hu, XQ Kim, D Koenig, M AF Hewison, Tim J. Wu, Xiangqian Yu, Fangfang Tahara, Yoshihiko Hu, Xiuqing Kim, Dohyeong Koenig, Marianne TI GSICS Inter-Calibration of Infrared Channels of Geostationary Imagers Using Metop/IASI SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; earth observing system; infrared image sensors; international collaboration; meteorology; satellites ID WATER-VAPOR CHANNELS; INTERCALIBRATION; SATELLITE; WINDOW AB The first products of the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) include bias monitoring and calibration corrections for the thermal infrared (IR) channels of current meteorological sensors on geostationary satellites. These use the hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the low Earth orbit (LEO) Metop satellite as a common cross-calibration reference. This paper describes the algorithm, which uses a weighted linear regression, to compare collocated radiances observed from each pair of geostationary-LEO instruments. The regression coefficients define the GSICS Correction, and their uncertainties provide quality indicators, ensuring traceability to the selected community reference, IASI. Examples are given for the Meteosat, GOES, MTSAT, Fengyun-2, and COMS imagers. Some channels of these instruments show biases that vary with time due to variations in the thermal environment, stray light, and optical contamination. These results demonstrate how inter-calibration can be a powerful tool to monitor and correct biases, and help diagnose their root causes. C1 [Hewison, Tim J.; Koenig, Marianne] EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yu, Fangfang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Tahara, Yoshihiko] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Syst Engn Div, Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Tokyo 2040012, Japan. [Hu, Xiuqing] CMA, NSMC, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Kim, Dohyeong] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Seoul 156720, South Korea. RP Hewison, TJ (reprint author), EUMETSAT, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. EM tim.hewison@eumetsat.int; xiangqian.wu@noaa.gov; fangfang.yu@noaa.gov; y-tahara@met.kishou.go.jp; huxq@cma.gov.cn; dkim@kma.go.kr; marianne.koenig@eumetsat.int RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Hewison, Tim/0000-0002-7845-5107 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1160 EP 1170 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2238544 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900010 ER PT J AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian TI Radiometric Calibration Accuracy of GOES Sounder Infrared Channels SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE AIRS; IASI; Inter-Calibration; GOES Sounder; GSICS; Radiometric Calibration Accuracy ID OPERATIONAL CALIBRATION; IMAGER; SATELLITES AB Quality infrared (IR) radiances and their derived products from the Geostationary Environmental Operational Satellite (GOES) Sounder are very important data sources to weather prediction and nowcasting applications for the continental United States and adjacent ocean regions. With demanding requirements for more accurate weather nowcasting models and climate change studies, it is necessary to assess and improve the radiometric calibration accuracy of the GOES Sounder data. The objective of this paper is to examine the GOES Sounder IR radiometric calibration accuracy, and the diurnal calibration variation using intercalibration with two well-calibrated hyperspectral radiometers onboard low earth orbit satellites, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the Aqua satellite and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the Metop-A satellite. The results show that most sounder IR channels of GOES-11 through GOES-15 are well calibrated outside of the satellite midnight effect time period, with a less than 0.5 K of mean bias of brightness temperature with respect to IASI. Yet, the impact of the satellite midnight effect on the radiance quality varies greatly at different IR channels among different satellites. Further research is needed to understand the changes of instrument environmental flux on the GOES IR radiance around satellite midnight. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Fangfang.yu@noaa.gov; xiangqian.wu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU NOAA/NESDIS/STAR cal/val project FX This work was supported by the NOAA/NESDIS/STAR cal/val project. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1187 EP 1199 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2219625 PN 1 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900013 ER PT J AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian TI Correction for GOES Imager Spectral Response Function Using GSICS. Part II: Applications SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; GOES Imager; GSICS; Infrared; inter-calibration; spectral response function ID INFRARED CHANNELS; CALIBRATION; RADIANCES; AIRS AB During the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-14 and -15 post-launch test (PLT) for science periods, an up to similar to 2 K mean brightness temperature (Tb) bias with respect to collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) observations was observed in the absorptive IR channels of the GOES-14/15 Imagers. These large scene-dependent biases were believed to be caused mainly by spectral characterization errors. In this paper, we refined the spectral response function (SRF) shift algorithm which was developed during the GOES-13 PLT period to improve the GOES-14/15 Imager IR radiometric calibration accuracy by accurately calculating the impact of blackbody on the calibrated scene radiance. The uncertainty of the SRF shift algorithm was estimated and used to guide the final selection of the total amount of central wave-number shift. This refined algorithm was first verified with GOES-13 Imager Ch6 data and then used to evaluate and further revise the audited GOES-14/15 SRFs provided by the instrument vendor. Based on this algorithm, the optimal SRF shifts were -1.98 cm(-1) for GOES-13 Ch6, -8.25 cm(-1) for GOES-14 Ch3, -0.25 cm(-1) for GOES-14 Ch6, -6.25 cm(-1) for GOES-15 Ch3 and +0.50 cm(-1) for GOES-15 Ch6. The newly shifted SRFs were operationally implemented into the GOES-14/15 Imager IR calibrations in the August of 2011 and successfully reduced the mean all-sky Tb bias with respect to the reference instrument to less than 0.15 K. The scene-dependent bias, which can be nonlinear at large erroneous SRF, was also greatly reduced. The same method was applied to correct the GOES-12 Imager Ch6 SRF which has a changing SRF error during its mission life. A strong linear relationship between the optimal SRF shifts and the mean Tb bias with respect to the AIRS data was observed at this channel. This strong linear relationship can be used to revise the GOES-12 Ch6 SRF for a better radiance simulation. The method described in this paper is particularly important to evaluate and revise the erroneous SRF, if it exists, after satellite launch yet before it becomes fully operational. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), ERT Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. EM Fangfang.Yu@noaa.gov; Xiangqian.Wu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU NOAA/NESDIS Calibration and Validation support for the Center for Satellite Applications and Research; NOAA/NESDIS Product System Development and Implementation project FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA/NESDIS Calibration and Validation support for the Center for Satellite Applications and Research and in part by NOAA/NESDIS Product System Development and Implementation project. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1200 EP 1214 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2236559 PN 1 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900014 ER PT J AU Wu, XQ Yu, FF AF Wu, Xiangqian Yu, Fangfang TI Correction for GOES Imager Spectral Response Function Using GSICS. Part I: Theory SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Calibration; Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES); Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS); spectral response ID HIRS; CALIBRATION; SATELLITES; SOUNDERS; NOAA-16; BIASES; AIRS AB A cold bias of similar to-2 K was found for Channel 6 (13.3 mu m) of the Imager instrument on the 13th of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-13) during its post-launch tests. Similar bias was found previously for GOES-12 and for other instruments (the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, and the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) in the similar spectral region. It was often suspected that the spectral response function (SRF) of these instruments may be in error; in some cases, it had been demonstrated that an altered SRF can eliminate most of the differences between the measured and the expected values. Using products recently developed for the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System, this paper concluded that an SRF error is the root cause for the GOES Imager Channel 6 bias. Based on this theory, an algorithm was developed to correct for the bias. Application of this correction to GOES-13 Imager Channel 6 resulted in an SRF shift of -2.1 cm(-1). The remaining biases have mean of nearly zero and much reduced standard deviation and are independent of the thermal structure of the interlaying atmosphere. This correction has also been successfully applied of other channels and of other GOES, which was described in a companion paper. C1 [Wu, Xiangqian] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yu, Fangfang] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RP Wu, XQ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM xiangqian.wu@noaa.gov; fangfang.yu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Calibration and Validation Support for the Center for Satellite Applications and Research; NOAA/NESDIS Product System Development and Implementation project FX This work was supported in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Calibration and Validation Support for the Center for Satellite Applications and Research and in part by NOAA/NESDIS Product System Development and Implementation project. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1215 EP 1223 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2236100 PN 1 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900015 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Wu, XQ Weng, FZ Goldberg, MD AF Wang, Likun Wu, Xiangqian Weng, Fuzhong Goldberg, Mitch D. TI Effects of Ice Decontamination on GOES-12 Imager Calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Geostationary imager; Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES); ice contamination; infrared (IR) instrument; intercalibration ID BASE-LINE IMAGER; GOES-R; CHANNELS; IASI; INTERCALIBRATION; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; AIRS AB More precise and accurate geostationary measurements are highly needed for satellite applications. It was well known that the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-12 imager was susceptible to water-ice contamination, and thus, several decontamination efforts were carried out to remove built-up ice on the instrument during operation. The intercalibration results of GOES-12 with the Atmospheric Infrared (IR) Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) indicate that the calibration accuracy of GOES-12 was impacted by the decontamination procedures. Relative to the AIRS and the IASI, the GOES-12 imager radiances or brightness temperatures increased in the CO2 sounding channel (channel 6, 13.3 mu m) and decreased in the water-vapor absorption channel (channel 3, 6.5 mu m) but was less changed in the window channel (channel 4, 10.7 mu m). A simple conceptual model is then proposed to give a physical explanation on the different behaviors of three IR channels in response to the ice-removal procedures. C1 [Wang, Likun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu, Xiangqian; Weng, Fuzhong; Goldberg, Mitch D.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wlikun@umd.edu RI Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) under the Joint Polar Satellite System Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1224 EP 1230 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2225839 PN 1 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900016 ER PT J AU Shi, L AF Shi, Lei TI Intersatellite Differences of HIRS Longwave Channels Between NOAA-14 and NOAA-15 and Between NOAA-17 and METOP-A SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Infrared sounder; intercalibration; remote sensing; simultaneous nadir overpass observations (SNOs) ID JANUARY 2009; CLOUD COVER; TEMPERATURE; STATISTICS; BIASES; AIRS AB Intersatellite differences of the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) longwave channels (channels 1-12) between National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 14 (NOAA-14) and NOAA-15 and between NOAA-17 and METOP-A are examined. Two sets of colocated data are incorporated in the examination. One data set is obtained during periods when equator crossing times of two satellites are very close to each other, and the data set is referred to as global simultaneous nadir overpass observation (SNO). The other data set is based on multiyear polar SNOs. The examination shows that intersatellite differences (ISDs) of temperature-sounding channels from lower stratosphere to lower troposphere, i.e., channels 3-7, are correlated with their corresponding lapse rate factors. Many of the channels also vary with respect to channel brightness temperatures; however, for the upper tropospheric temperature channel (channel 4), the patterns of ISDs from low latitudes and high latitudes are very different due to the fact that the latitudinal variation of brightness temperature does not necessarily follow the latitudinal variation of the temperature lapse rate. The differences between observations in low latitudes and high latitudes form "fork" patterns in scatter plots of ISDs with respect to brightness temperatures. A comparison of ISDs derived from short-term global SNOs and those derived from multiyear polar SNOs reveals the advantage and the limitation of the two data sets. The multiyear polar SNO generally provides larger observation ranges of brightness temperatures in channels 1-4. The global SNO extends the brightness temperature observations to the warm sides for channels 5-12 and captures the occurrences of larger ISDs for most longwave channels. C1 Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Lei.Shi@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1414 EP 1424 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2216886 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900032 ER PT J AU Yang, WZ Meng, H Ferraro, RR Moradi, I Devaraj, C AF Yang, Wenze Meng, Huan Ferraro, Ralph R. Moradi, Isaac Devaraj, Chabitha TI Cross-Scan Asymmetry of AMSU-A Window Channels: Characterization, Correction, and Verification SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A); calibration; microwave radiometry; passive microwave remote sensing ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; LAND-SURFACE EMISSIVITIES; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES; 90 GHZ; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETERS; MODEL; GEOLOCATION; VALIDATION; SENSOR AB More than one decade of observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) onboard the polar-orbiting satellites NOAA-15 to NOAA-19 and European Meteorological Operational satellite program-A (MetOp-A) provide global information on atmospheric temperature profile, water vapor, cloud, precipitation, etc. However, a pronounced asymmetric cross-scan bias of the AMSU-A window channels was discovered, and it severely impacted water cycle product generation. Several approaches, including vicarious cold and hot reference calibration techniques, are applied to characterize the cross-scan bias. The bias pattern appears to be stable through several years of data examined from the same satellite but is quite different among those onboard the different NOAA (NOAA-15, NOAA-16, NOAA-17, NOAA-18, and NOAA-19) and EUMETSAT (MetOp-A) satellites. The scan bias may be caused by sensor polarization misalignment or cross-polarization, even after the radiance/brightness temperature data have been geocorrected with regard to geolocation and view angles. Based upon the characterization information, two-point and three-point correction approaches are proposed; both approaches provide promising results for AMSU-A window channels at brightness temperature level and product level and outperform the current operational correction approach, which is essentially a one-point correction. This serves as the first step toward a more stable fundamental and thematic climate data record to be used in hydrological and meteorological applications. C1 [Yang, Wenze; Moradi, Isaac; Devaraj, Chabitha] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Meng, Huan; Ferraro, Ralph R.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yang, WZ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Res Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ywze98@umd.edu; Huan.Meng@noaa.gov; Ralph.R.Ferraro@noaa.gov; imoradi@umd.edu; cdevaraj@umd.edu RI Yang, Wenze/B-8356-2012; Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Moradi, Isaac/A-7539-2008 OI Yang, Wenze/0000-0001-8514-2742; Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Moradi, Isaac/0000-0003-2194-1427 FU NOAA/NCDC [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by NOAA/NCDC through Grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 SI SI BP 1514 EP 1530 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2211884 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TI UT WOS:000315725900040 ER PT J AU Li, SM Sun, DL Yu, YY Csiszar, I Stefanidis, A Goldberg, MD AF Li, Sanmei Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Csiszar, Ivan Stefanidis, Anthony Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI A New Short-Wave Infrared (SWIR) Method for Quantitative Water Fraction Derivation and Evaluation With EOS/MODIS and Landsat/TM Data SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Dynamic nearest neighbor searching (DNNS) method; Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); short-wave infrared (SWIR) channel; water fraction ID MONITORING FLOODS; AVHRR DATA; IMAGERY; BANGLADESH AB A quantitative method is developed for deriving water fraction from coarse- to medium-resolution satellite data with visible to short-wave infrared (SWIR) channels based on the linear mixture theory. The method uses a SWIR channel (1.64 mu m) by assuming that the water-surface-leaving radiance in this channel is insignificant and is thus less affected by water types and water depth than near-infrared (NIR) channels for inland water bodies. For a mixed water pixel, a dynamic nearest neighbor searching (DNNS) method is used to find the nearby land pixels to determine the average land reflectance. The nearby pure water pixels with a similar water type to the subpixel water portion of the mixed water pixel are found dynamically to derive the average water reflectance. The average reflectance in the SWIR channel from both pure land pixels and water pixels is used to calculate the water fraction from a linear mixture model. The developed method is applied to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and shows promising results. High-resolution satellite data from the Thematic Mapper (TM) are used to evaluate the water fraction derived from MODIS. During pixel-to-pixel water fraction evaluation, TM data are spatially aggregated to MODIS resolution. When evaluated against the high-resolution TM observations, water fractions derived from MODIS using the DNNS method with the SWIR channel show a bias of -0.021 with a standard deviation of 0.0338. Comparing lake areas between TM and MODIS data also shows consistent results with the pixel-to-pixel water fraction comparison. The DNNS method is also compared to the traditional histogram method both with SWIR channel and NIR channel. The results show that the DNNS method is more accurate than the histogram method and that the SWIR channel is better than the NIR channel to derive highly accurate water fraction from coarse- to medium-resolution satellite data. C1 [Li, Sanmei; Sun, Donglian; Stefanidis, Anthony] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Goldberg, Mitchell D.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Li, SM (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM slia@gmu.edu; dsun@gmu.edu; Yunyue.Yu@noaa.gov; Ivan.Csiszar@noaa.gov; astefani@gmu.edu; mitch.goldberg@noaa.gov RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration GOES-R Algorithm Working Group FX Manuscript received September 20, 2010; revised April 6, 2011 and February 7, 2012; accepted June 4, 2012. Date of publication September 19, 2012; date of current version February 21, 2013. This work was supported by National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration GOES-R Algorithm Working Group through a contract fund to George Mason University. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAR PY 2013 VL 51 IS 3 BP 1852 EP 1862 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2208466 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 100TJ UT WOS:000315726100027 ER PT J AU Rangwala, I AF Rangwala, Imtiaz TI Amplified water vapour feedback at high altitudes during winter SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Tibetan Plateau; high elevations; mountains; longwave downward radiation; thermal infrared; humidity; water vapour; temperature; warming; winter; radiative transfer model; climate model; GCM; feedback ID SURFACE HUMIDITY; TIBETAN PLATEAU; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; LONGWAVE; CHINA; MODEL; RRTM AB During the last five decades, the Tibetan Plateau has experienced a warming trend of 0.4 degrees C/decade in winter, which is at least twice that of any other season. Some studies have suggested that this anomalous winter warming is caused, in part, by the observed increases in near-surface water vapour and its amplifying effect on the surface longwave downward radiation (LDR). This study uses observations of surface-specific humidity (q) and temperature as input to a one-dimensional radiative transfer model to assess the influence of lower atmospheric increases in water vapour on surface LDR, and the sensitivity of this process to different elevations and seasons on the Tibetan Plateau. The results from three idealized experiments are examined based on realistic atmospheric column profiles of temperature and moisture. They show that when an equal mass of water vapour is added into the atmospheric boundary layer during winter, a substantially greater increase (8x) in LDR is found at the high-elevation site relative to the low-elevation site. During summer, the LDR increases are much smaller as are the differences between the two sites. Experiments, where both q and temperature are increased, suggest that the influence of temperature changes on LDR is much greater than those caused by changes in q in all cases, except for the high-elevation-winter case when the opposite is true. These results provide further evidence for the possibility of a strong modulation of surface LDR caused by increases in atmospheric water vapour in high altitude regions (>3000 m) during the cold season. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Rangwala, Imtiaz] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rangwala, I (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. EM rangwala@marine.rutgers.edu FU UCAR PACE fellowship; National Science Foundation [AGS-1064326] FX I am sincerely grateful to Jessica Lundquist and one anonymous reviewer for their time and insightful comments that have significantly improved this article. I am also very thankful to Joseph Barsugli (NOAA ESRL) and James Miller (IMCS, Rutgers) for their time and input for this study, and to Amy Solomon (NOAA ESRL) for her help with the model's setup. This research has been supported by the UCAR PACE fellowship. Partial support for this work came from the National Science Foundation grant (AGS-1064326). NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 897 EP 903 DI 10.1002/joc.3477 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104EE UT WOS:000315972400009 ER PT J AU Yan, T Pietrafesa, LJ Bell, GD Dickey, DA AF Yan, T. Pietrafesa, L. J. Bell, G. D. Dickey, D. A. TI On the inverse relationship between North American snow extent and North Atlantic hurricane activity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE North American snow extent; North Atlantic hurricanes; Arctic oscillation; atmospheric circulation; North Atlantic Ocean ID UNITED-STATES; CLIMATE ASSESSMENT; GLOBAL CLIMATE; SUMMER MONSOON; EL-NINO; COVER; TEMPERATURE; MODES; TELECONNECTION; ASSOCIATION AB The statistically significant inverse relationship is examined between North American snow cover extent during January and North Atlantic hurricane activity during the following hurricane season. To better quantify this relationship the long-term trend and ENSO years were removed from the data. The lightest January snow-cover years (LSY) show sharp increases (4090%) compared to the heaviest January snow-cover years (HSY) in nearly all measures of Atlantic hurricane activity, including the numbers and duration of hurricanes and major hurricanes, and the average seasonal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index. Approximately, half of the LSY events featured above-normal hurricane seasons and none were below-normal, while approximately half of the HSY featured below-normal hurricane seasons none were above-normal. Composite analyses indicate the anomalous wintertime snow-cover extent and Atlantic hurricane activity are linked through their common association with persistent and hemisphere-wide extratropical circulation anomalies tied to the Arctic Oscillation (AO). The LSY are associated with a positive phase of the AO, along with warmer surface temperatures in both North America and Eurasia, while the HSY are associated with a negative phase of the AO and below-average continental surface temperatures. One unresolved issue is the extent to which the anomalous snow extent feeds back onto the large-scale circulation so as to help maintain the wintertime AO patterns through the spring and summer. Another remaining issue is the process(es) by which the extratropical AO signals eventually penetrate into the tropics so as to influence Atlantic hurricane activity. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Yan, T.; Pietrafesa, L. J.] Coastal Carolina Univ, Burroughs & Chapin Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29528 USA. [Bell, G. D.] Natl Climate Predict Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. [Dickey, D. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Yan, T (reprint author), Coastal Carolina Univ, Burroughs & Chapin Ctr Marine & Wetland Studies, Conway, SC 29528 USA. EM tyan@coastal.edu FU U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through a cooperative Agreement (Climate & Weather Impacts on Society and the Environment) via the National Climatic Data Center [NAO3NES440015]; Charleston Coastal Services Center; CWISE extension; NOAA INFORM project; NOAA's Climate Prediction Center through the National Research Council of the United States FX The authors acknowledge support for this study from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Grant #NAO3NES440015 through a cooperative Agreement (Climate & Weather Impacts on Society and the Environment) via the National Climatic Data Center, and the Charleston Coastal Services Center and on the CWISE extension, the NOAA INFORM project. The authors also acknowledge support from NOAA's Climate Prediction Center through the National Research Council of the United States. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 4 BP 992 EP 1000 DI 10.1002/joc.3485 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 104EE UT WOS:000315972400017 ER PT J AU Comarazamy, DE Gonzalez, JE Luvall, JC Rickman, DL Bornstein, RD AF Comarazamy, Daniel E. Gonzalez, Jorge E. Luvall, Jeffrey C. Rickman, Douglas L. Bornstein, Robert D. TI Climate Impacts of Land-Cover and Land-Use Changes in Tropical Islands under Conditions of Global Climate Change SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; PUERTO-RICO; CARIBBEAN RAINFALL; FIELD SIGNIFICANCE; SAN-JUAN; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; CONSERVATION; SIMULATION; ATLANTIC AB Land-cover and land-use (LCLU) changes have significant climate impacts in tropical coastal regions with the added complexity of occurring within the context of a warming climate. The individual and combined effects of these two factors in tropical islands are investigated by use of an integrated mesoscale atmospheric modeling approach, taking the northeastern region of Puerto Rico as the test case. To achieve this goal, an ensemble of climate simulations is performed, combining two LCLU and global warming scenarios. Reconstructed agricultural maps and sea surface temperatures form the past (1955-59) scenario, while the present (2000-04) scenario is supported with high-resolution remote sensing LCLU data. Here, the authors show that LCLU changes produced the largest near-surface (2-m AGL) air temperature differences over heavily urbanized regions and that these changes do not penetrate the boundary layer. The influence of the global warming signal induces a positive inland gradient of maximum temperature, possibly because of increased trade winds in the present climatology. These increased winds also generate convergence zones and convection that transport heat and moisture into the boundary layer. In terms of minimum temperatures, the global warming signal induces temperature increases along the coastal plains and inland lowlands. C1 [Comarazamy, Daniel E.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Luvall, Jeffrey C.; Rickman, Douglas L.] NASA, Global Hydrol & Climate Ctr, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. [Bornstein, Robert D.] San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol & Climate, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Comarazamy, DE (reprint author), NOAA, CREST, T-107,Steinman Hall,140th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM dcomarazamy@ccny.cuny.edu RI Comarazamy, Daniel/C-8246-2014; OI Rickman, Doug/0000-0003-3409-2882 FU NOAA/Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center (CREST) [NA06OAR4810162] FX This research was funded by NOAA/Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center (CREST) Grant NA06OAR4810162. The atmospheric model simulations were performed at the High Performance Computing Facilities of the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1535 EP 1550 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00087.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098TK UT WOS:000315571800005 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Atlas, R Enfield, D Wang, CZ Liu, HL AF Lee, Sang-Ki Atlas, Robert Enfield, David Wang, Chunzai Liu, Hailong TI Is There an Optimal ENSO Pattern That Enhances Large-Scale Atmospheric Processes Conducive to Tornado Outbreaks in the United States? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; TELECONNECTIONS; EVOLUTION; CLIMATE; CLASSIFICATION; ANOMALIES; WINTER; WAVES AB The record-breaking U.S. tornado outbreaks in the spring of 2011 prompt the need to identify long-term climate signals that could potentially provide seasonal predictability for U.S. tornado outbreaks. This study uses both observations and model experiments to show that a positive phase TransNino may be one such climate signal. Among the top 10 extreme outbreak years during 1950-2010, seven years including the top three are identified with a strongly positive phase TransNino. The number of intense tornadoes in April-May is nearly doubled during the top 10 positive TransNino years from that during 10 neutral years. TransNino represents the evolution of tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during the onset or decay phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation. A positive phase TransNino is characterized by colder than normal SSTs in the central tropical Pacific and warmer than normal SSTs in the eastern tropical Pacific. Modeling experiments suggest that warmer than normal SSTs in the eastern tropical Pacific work constructively with colder than normal SSTs in the central tropical Pacific to force a strong and persistent teleconnection pattern that increases both the upper-level westerly and lower-level southwesterly over the central and eastern United States. These anomalous winds advect more cold and dry upper-level air from the high latitudes and more warm and moist lower-level air from the Gulf of Mexico converging into the east of the Rockies, and also increase both the lower-tropospheric (0-6 km) and lower-level (0-1 km) vertical wind shear values therein, thus providing large-scale atmospheric conditions conducive to intense tornado outbreaks over the United States. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David; Liu, Hailong] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Atlas, Robert; Enfield, David; Wang, Chunzai; Liu, Hailong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov RI Enfield, David/I-2112-2013; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office; National Science Foundation FX We thank Harold Brooks, Charles Doswell, Brian Mapes, Gregory Carbin, Kerry Cook, and anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. This study was motivated and benefited from interactions with scientists at NOAA NSSL, ESRL, GFDL, CPC, NCDC, and AOML. In particular, we wish to thank Wayne Higgins, Tom Karl, and Marty Hoerling for initiating and leading discussions that motivated this study. This work was supported by grants from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Climate Program Office and by grants from the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1626 EP 1642 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00128.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098TK UT WOS:000315571800011 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Chuang, HW Dessler, A Chen, XH Minschwaner, K Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V AF Huang, Xianglei Chuang, Hui-Wen Dessler, Andrew Chen, Xiuhong Minschwaner, Kenneth Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. TI A Radiative-Convective Equilibrium Perspective of Weakening of the Tropical Walker Circulation in Response to Global Warming SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR FEEDBACK; DECADAL VARIABILITY; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; ENERGY BUDGET; HADLEY-CELL; CLIMATE; MODELS; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; PACIFIC AB Both observational analysis and GCM simulations indicate that the tropical Walker circulation is becoming weaker and may continue to weaken as a consequence of climate change. Here, the authors use a conceptual radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) framework to interpret the weakening of the Walker circulation as simulated by the GFDL coupled GCM. Based on the modeled lapse rate and clear-sky cooling rate profiles, the RCE framework can directly compute the change of vertical velocity in the descending branch of the Walker circulation, which agrees with the counterpart simulated by the GFDL model. The results show that the vertical structure of clear-sky radiative cooling rate Q(R) will change in response to the increased water vapor as the globe warms. The authors explain why the change of Q(R) is positive in the uppermost part of the troposphere (<300 hPa) and is negative for the rest of the troposphere. As a result, both the change of clear-sky cooling rate and the change of tropospheric lapse rate contribute to the weakening of circulation. The vertical velocity changes due to the two factors are comparable to each other from the top of the planetary boundary layer to 600 hPa. From 600 to 300 hPa lapse rate changes are the dominant cause of the weakening circulation. Above 300 hPa, the change due to Q(R) is opposite to the change due to lapse rate, which forces a slight increase in vertical velocity that is seen in the model simulation. C1 [Huang, Xianglei; Chuang, Hui-Wen; Chen, Xiuhong] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dessler, Andrew] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Minschwaner, Kenneth] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Phys, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM xianglei@umich.edu RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Chen, Xiuhong/P-4030-2014; Dessler, Andrew/G-8852-2012 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; Dessler, Andrew/0000-0003-3939-4820 FU NSF [ATM0755310, AGS-1012665]; NASA Terra/Aqua program [NNX11AH55G] FX We thank the GFDL modeling team for carrying out the simulations. We are thankful to two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments to improve the clarity of the paper. The lead author is thankful to the GFDL for generously providing computing resources for analyzing the GFDL simulation output. This research is supported by NSF Grant ATM0755310 and the NASA Terra/Aqua program under Grant NNX11AH55G awarded to the University of Michigan, and A.D. is supported by NSF Grant AGS-1012665 to Texas A&M University. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1643 EP 1653 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00288.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098TK UT WOS:000315571800012 ER PT J AU Chattopadhyay, R Vintzileos, A Zhang, CD AF Chattopadhyay, Rajib Vintzileos, Augustin Zhang, Chidong TI A Description of the Madden-Julian Oscillation Based on a Self-Organizing Map SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; WAVE-NUMBER-FREQUENCY; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; TROPICAL CONVECTION; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; TOGA COARE; VARIABILITY; HEAT; PRECIPITATION AB This study introduces a nonlinear clustering technique based on a self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm to identify horizontal and vertical structures of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) through its life cycle. The SOM description of the MJO does not need intraseasonal bandpass filtering or selection of leading modes. MJO phases are defined by SOM based on state similarities in chosen variables. Spatial patterns of rainfall-related variables in a given MJO phase defined by SOM are distinct from those in other phases. The structural evolution of the MJO derived from SOM agrees with those from other methods in certain aspects and differs in others. SOM reveals that the dominant longitudinal structure in the diabatic heating and related fields of the MJO is a dipole or tripole pattern with a zonal scale close to that of zonal wavenumber 2, as opposed to zonal wavenumber 1 suggested by other methods. Results from SOM suggest that the MJO life cycle may be composed of quasi-stationary stages of strong, coherent spatial patterns with relatively fast transition in between that is less coherent and weaker. The utility of SOM to isolate signals of an individual MJO event in a case study is illustrated. The results from this study show that some known gross features of the MJO are independent of diagnostic methods, but other properties of the MJO may be sensitive to the choice of diagnosis method. C1 [Chattopadhyay, Rajib] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Vintzileos, Augustin] Univ Maryland, Coll Pk ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vintzileos, Augustin] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, Chidong] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Chattopadhyay, R (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, CGM Div, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM rajib@tropmet.res.in FU NOAA Climate Prediction Program for the Americas; NSF [AGS-1062202] FX The authors thank anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive comments on an early version of this paper. The RMM index was obtained online (from http://cawcr.gov.au). The MERRA data are downloaded online (from http://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/research/merra/). The NOAA OLR data are obtained online (from http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.interp_OLR.html). The SOM software was obtained online (from http://www.cis.hut.fi/somtoolbox/links/somsoftware.shtml). One author (RC) wishes to thank Dr. A. K. Sahai and Prof. B. N. Goswami, from the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, India, for their helpful discussions and suggestions in the implementation of SOM. This study was supported by a grant from the NOAA Climate Prediction Program for the Americas and NSF Grant AGS-1062202. NR 59 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1716 EP 1732 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00123.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098TK UT WOS:000315571800017 ER PT J AU Shaw, TA Perlwitz, J AF Shaw, Tiffany A. Perlwitz, Judith TI The Life Cycle of Northern Hemisphere Downward Wave Coupling between the Stratosphere and Troposphere SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PLANETARY-WAVES; LINEAR INTERFERENCE; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WEATHER REGIMES; WINTER; VARIABILITY; CONFIGURATION; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; PERSPECTIVE AB The life cycle of Northern Hemisphere downward wave coupling between the stratosphere and troposphere via wave reflection is analyzed. Downward wave coupling events are defined by extreme negative values of a wave coupling index based on the leading principal component of the daily wave-1 heat flux at 30 hPa. The life cycle occurs over a 28-day period. In the stratosphere there is a transition from positive to negative total wave-1 heat flux and westward to eastward phase tilt with height of the wave-1 geopotential height field. In addition, the zonal-mean zonal wind in the upper stratosphere weakens leading to negative vertical shear. Following the evolution in the stratosphere there is a shift toward the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the troposphere. The pattern develops from a large westward-propagating wave-1 anomaly in the high-latitude North Atlantic sector. The subsequent equatorward propagation leads to a positive anomaly in midlatitudes. The near-surface temperature and circulation anomalies are consistent with a positive NAO phase. The results suggest that wave reflection events can directly influence tropospheric weather. Finally, winter seasons dominated by extreme wave coupling and stratospheric vortex events are compared. The largest impacts in the troposphere occur during the extreme negative seasons for both indices, namely seasons with multiple wave reflection events leading to a positive NAO phase or seasons with major sudden stratospheric warmings (weak vortex) leading to a negative NAO phase. The results reveal that the dynamical coupling between the stratosphere and NAO involves distinct dynamical mechanisms that can only be characterized by separate wave coupling and vortex indices. C1 [Shaw, Tiffany A.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shaw, TA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1000,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tas2163@columbia.edu RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1129519]; NOAA's Climate Program Office FX TAS is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1129519. JP acknowledges support by NOAA's Climate Program Office. We thank the ECMWF for providing the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset, Dr. Nili Harnik for the use of her quasigeostrophic model and for helpful comments, Dr. Mark Baldwin for his EOF code, and finally to Drs. Limpasuvan and McDaniel for their help with the statistical significance calculations. The authors are grateful to three anonymous reviewers and Dr. Dave Thompson whose comments helped improve the manuscript. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1745 EP 1763 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00251.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098TK UT WOS:000315571800019 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Rakocinski, CF Blaylock, RB AF Jackson, L. A. Rakocinski, C. F. Blaylock, R. B. TI Feeding performance of juvenile hatchery-reared spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE feeding experiment; foraging plasticity; predation cycle; Sciaenidae ID SPINACHIA-SPINACHIA L; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; 15-SPINED STICKLEBACK; ATLANTIC SALMON; PREY SELECTION; BROWN TROUT; SKILLS; ENVIRONMENT; EXPERIENCE; FISH AB The feeding performance of individual hatchery-reared (HR) and wild juvenile spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus was compared across a series of six 1 center dot 5h feeding exposures over a 3day period in a controlled experiment. The predation cycle served as a context for discerning feeding performance elements. The experimental design facilitated assessments of the effects of experience, motivation due to hunger or satiation and prey density and encounter frequency. Although feeding success improved significantly across successive trials for both groups of C. nebulosus, wild C. nebulosus successfully captured and consumed significantly more Palaemonetes spp. prey and completed most performance metrics more efficiently than HR C. nebulosus. Total exposure time decreased with experience for both groups of C. nebulosus; however, HR C. nebulosus took longer to complete feeding exposures. Underpinning this difference was the time spent by HR C. nebulosus in non-search mode and for completing various foraging behaviours. Nevertheless, juvenile HR C. nebulosus exhibited sufficient foraging plasticity to switch from a pelleted diet to live novel prey. C1 [Jackson, L. A.; Rakocinski, C. F.; Blaylock, R. B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Jackson, L. A.] NMFS, NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Rakocinski, CF (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM chet.rakocinski@usm.edu FU Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Tidelands Trust Fund; U.S.A. NOAA's Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE) FX This paper represents research conducted by L.A.J. (Littleton) in fulfillment of the M. S. degree in Coastal Sciences from the University of Southern Mississippi, U.S.A. While conducting her research, L.A.J. was supported by the Mississippi Department of Marine Resources Tidelands Trust Fund and U.S.A. NOAA's Science Consortium for Ocean Replenishment (SCORE). We express our sincere thanks to B. H. Comyns for his input as a committee member for the M. S. degree. We would also like to thank the staff of the Thad Cochran Marine Aquaculture Center, including B. Schesny, J. Snawder, D. Butler, S. Barnes, J. Wagner, M. Lee, J. Lemus and A. Apeitos, for their help in rearing juvenile spotted seatrout. Thanks also go to C. Snyder of the USM GCRL Marine Education Center for the generous loan of a video camera to carry out this project. Finally, we would like to thank D. Menke and J. Jackson for help in collecting wild C. nebulosus and for moral support. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 82 IS 3 BP 1032 EP 1046 DI 10.1111/jfb.12052 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104OR UT WOS:000316004400017 PM 23464558 ER PT J AU Haynes, RJ Kline, MC Toman, B Scott, C Wallace, P Butler, JM Holden, MJ AF Haynes, Ross J. Kline, Margaret C. Toman, Blaza Scott, Calum Wallace, Paul Butler, John M. Holden, Marcia J. TI Standard Reference Material 2366 for Measurement of Human Cytomegalovirus DNA SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DRIED BLOOD SPOTS; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; INFECTION; PLASMA; QUANTITATION; PRECISION; SPECIMENS AB Human cytomegalovirus (CMV), classified as human herpesvirus 5, is ubiquitous in human populations. Infection generally causes Little illness in healthy individuals, but can cause life-threatening disease in those who are immunocompromised or in newborns through complications arising from congenital CMV infection. An important aspect in diagnosis and treatment is to track circulating viral load with molecular methods, particularly with quantitative PCR. Standardization is vital, because of interlaboratory variability (due in part to the variety of assays and calibrants). Toward that end, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology produced a Standard Reference Material 2366 appropriate for establishing metrological traceability of assay calibrants. This standard is composed of CMV DNA (Towne(Delta 147) bacterial artificial chromosome DNA). Regions of the CMV DNA that are commonly used as targets for PCR assays were sequenced. Digital PCR was used to quantify the DNA, with concentration expressed as copies per microliter. The materials were tested for homogeneity and stability. An interlaboratory study was conducted by Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (Glasgow, UK), in which one component of SRM 2366 was included for analysis by participants in a CMV external quality assessment and proficiency testing program. (J Mol Diagn 2013, 15: 177-185; http://dx.doi.org/10.1015/j.jmoldx.2012.09.007) C1 [Haynes, Ross J.; Kline, Margaret C.; Butler, John M.; Holden, Marcia J.] NIST, Appl Genet Grp, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toman, Blaza] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scott, Calum; Wallace, Paul] Qual Control Mol Diagnost, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. RP Haynes, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Genet Grp, Biomol Measurement Div, Mail Stop 8314,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ross.haynes@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [SRM 2366] FX Supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (SRM 2366 project). NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 15 IS 2 BP 177 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2012.09.007 PG 9 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 102JT UT WOS:000315841600005 PM 23321018 ER PT J AU Minder, JR Kingsmill, DE AF Minder, Justin R. Kingsmill, David E. TI Mesoscale Variations of the Atmospheric Snow Line over the Northern Sierra Nevada: Multiyear Statistics, Case Study, and Mechanisms SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BULK MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; MELTING LAYER; PART I; EXPLICIT FORECASTS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; MOUNTAIN SNOWPACK; CLIMATE MODELS; BARRIER JET; SQUALL LINE AB Observations from several mountain ranges reveal that the height of the transition from snowfall to rainfall, the snow line, can intersect the terrain at an elevation hundreds of meters below its elevation in the free air upwind. This mesoscale lowering of the snow line affects both the accumulation of mountain snowpack and the generation of storm runoff. A unique multiyear view of this behavior based on data from profiling radars in the northern Sierra Nevada deployed as part of NOAA's Hydrometeorology Testbed is presented. Data from 3 yr of storms show that the mesoscale lowering of the snow line is a feature common to nearly all major storms, with an average snow line drop of 170 m. The mesoscale behavior of the snow line is investigated in detail for a major storm over the northern Sierra Nevada. Comparisons of observations from sondes and profiling radars with high-resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) show that WRF is capable of reproducing the observed lowering of the snow line in a realistic manner. Modeling results suggest that radar profiler networks may substantially underestimate the lowering by failing to resolve horizontal snow line variations in close proximity to the mountainside. Diagnosis of model output indicates that pseudoadiabatic processes related to orographic blocking, localized cooling due to melting of orographically enhanced snowfall, and spatial variations in hydrometeor melting distance all play important roles. Simulations are surprisingly insensitive to model horizontal resolution but have important sensitivities to microphysical parameterization. C1 [Minder, Justin R.] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. [Kingsmill, David E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kingsmill, David E.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Minder, JR (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM jminder@albany.edu FU Yale Department of Geology and Geophysics Flint Postdoctoral Fellowship FX We thank staff in the ESRL/PSD Water Cycle Branch (WCB) that deploy and maintain the HMT instrumentation and manage the data that is produced. The research benefited from discussions with Allen White and Dan Gottas (both of ESRL/PSD/WCB) regarding radar datasets and brightband detection. Gary Wick (ESRL/PSD/WCB) provided the SSM/I imagery. Dan Gottas, Mimi Hughes, and three anonymous reviewers provided valuable comments that improved the manuscript. WRF simulations utilized support of the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center. JRM's funding was provided by the Yale Department of Geology and Geophysics Flint Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 916 EP 938 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0194.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101YW UT WOS:000315811300012 ER PT J AU Terwey, W Abarca, SF Montgomery, MT AF Terwey, Wesley Abarca, Sergio F. Montgomery, Michael T. TI Comments on "Convectively Generated Potential Vorticity in Rainbands and Formation of the Secondary Eyewall in Hurricane Rita of 2005" SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VORTEX ROSSBY-WAVES; SIMULATED TROPICAL CYCLONE; CONCENTRIC EYEWALLS; INTENSITY CHANGES; SPIRAL BANDS; PART I; EVOLUTION; TYPHOONS; FLOW AB In a previous paper Judt and Chen propose that secondary eyewall formation can be the result of the accumulation of convectively generated potential vorticity in the rainbands. They argue that secondary potential vorticity maxima precede the development of the secondary wind maximum and conclude that vortex Rossby waves do not contribute to the formation of the secondary eyewall. Amidst examination of their thought-provoking study, some questions arose regarding their methodology, interpretation, and portrayal of previous literature. Here the authors inquire about aspects of the methodology for diagnosing vortex Rossby waves and assessing their impact on their simulation. Inaccuracies in the literature review are noted and further analysis of existing, three-dimensional, full-physics, numerical hurricane integrations that exhibit canonical secondary eyewalls are encouraged. C1 [Terwey, Wesley] Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Abarca, Sergio F.; Montgomery, Michael T.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Terwey, W (reprint author), 307 Univ Blvd N,LSCB 136, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. EM terwey@usouthal.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 70 IS 3 BP 984 EP 988 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-030.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 101YW UT WOS:000315811300016 ER PT J AU Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M Migdall, A Piacentini, F Polyakov, SV Traina, P AF Brida, Giorgio Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro Genovese, Marco Migdall, Alan Piacentini, Fabrizio Polyakov, Sergey V. Traina, Paolo TI Experimental Test of an Event-Based Corpuscular Model Modification as an Alternative to Quantum Mechanics SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article DE foundations of quantum mechanics; event-based corpuscular model; quantum interference ID ROSEN-BOHM EXPERIMENTS; FAIR SAMPLING ASSUMPTION; HIDDEN VARIABLE THEORIES; LOCAL REALIST MODEL; EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; SINGLET-STATE; SIMULATION; OPTICS; INEQUALITIES; METROLOGY AB We present the first experimental test that distinguishes between an event-based corpuscular model (EBCM) [H. De Raedt et al.: J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 8 (2011) 1052] of the interaction of photons with matter and quantum mechanics. The test looks at the interference that results as a single photon passes through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer [H. De Raedt et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 74 (2005) 16]. The experimental results, obtained with a low-noise single-photon source [G. Brida et al.: Opt. Express 19 (2011) 1484], agree with the predictions of standard quantum mechanics with a reduced chi(2) of 0.98 and falsify the EBCM with a reduced chi(2) of greater than 20. C1 [Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro; Genovese, Marco; Piacentini, Fabrizio; Traina, Paolo] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Migdall, Alan; Polyakov, Sergey V.] Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Migdall, Alan; Polyakov, Sergey V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brida, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM m.genovese@inrim.it RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013; Piacentini, Fabrizio/N-6684-2015; Traina, Paolo/O-5418-2015 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115; Piacentini, Fabrizio/0000-0002-8098-5692; Traina, Paolo/0000-0003-3276-282X FU European Union [912/2009/EC, IND06-MIQC]; MIUR [FIRB RBFR10YQ3H, RBFR10UAUV]; Compagnia di San Paolo FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union on the basis of Decision No. 912/2009/EC (project IND06-MIQC), by MIUR, FIRB RBFR10YQ3H, and RBFR10UAUV, and by Compagnia di San Paolo. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 82 IS 3 AR 034004 DI 10.7566/JPSJ.82.034004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 098TO UT WOS:000315572200022 ER PT J AU Moore, BJ Bosart, LF Keyser, D Jurewicz, ML AF Moore, Benjamin J. Bosart, Lance F. Keyser, Daniel Jurewicz, Michael L. TI Synoptic-Scale Environments of Predecessor Rain Events Occurring East of the Rocky Mountains in Association with Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclones SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; CENTRAL UNITED-STATES; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; HEAVY RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION DISTRIBUTION; WARM-SEASON; JUNE 1972; PART I; CLIMATOLOGY; EVOLUTION AB The synoptic-scale environments of predecessor rain events (PREs) occurring to the east of the Rocky Mountains in association with Atlantic basin tropical cyclones (TCs) are examined. PREs that occurred during 1988-2010 are subjectively classified based upon the synoptic-scale upper-level flow configuration within which the PRE develops, with a focus on the following: 1) the position of the jet streak relative to the TC, 2) the position of the jet streak relative to trough and ridge axes, and 3) the positions of trough and ridge axes relative to the PRE and to the TC. Three categories were identified from this classification procedure: "jet in ridge," "southwesterly jet," and "downstream confluence." PRE-relative composite analysis for each category reveals that, consistent with previous studies, PREs typically occur near a low-level baroclinic zone, beneath the equatorward entrance region of an upper-level jet streak, and in the presence of a stream of water vapor from a TC. Despite these common characteristics, key differences exist among the three PRE categories related to the phasing of a TC with the synoptic-scale flow and to the interactions between a TC and its environment. Brief case studies of PREs associated with TC Rita (2005), TC Wilma (2005), and TC Ernesto (2006) are presented as specific examples of the three PRE categories. C1 [Moore, Benjamin J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moore, Benjamin J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bosart, Lance F.; Keyser, Daniel] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Jurewicz, Michael L.] NOAA, NWS Forecast Off, Binghamton, NY USA. RP Moore, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Mail Code R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM benjamin.moore@noaa.gov FU NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program [NA07NWS4680001] FX The authors thank Dr. Thomas Galarneau (NCAR), Jonas Asuma (GL Garrad Hassan), Dr. Jason Cordeira (Earth Risk Technologies), and Dr. Marty Ralph (NOAA/ESRL) for helpful discussions and assistance during this research Thanks also go to Dr. Russ Schumacher (Colorado State University) and one anonymous reviewer whose comments and suggestions helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. This research was initially conducted as part of the first author's M.S. thesis at the University at Albany, SUNY, which was funded by the NOAA Collaborative Science, Technology, and Applied Research (CSTAR) Program Grant NA07NWS4680001. Additional support during the later stages of this research was provided by the Water Cycle Branch at NOAA/ESRL. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 141 IS 3 BP 1022 EP 1047 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00178.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 105BM UT WOS:000316040600009 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Zhang, L Wang, WQ AF Kumar, Arun Zhang, Li Wang, Wanqiu TI Sea Surface Temperature-Precipitation Relationship in Different Reanalyses SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; OSCILLATION; CONVECTION; RESOLUTION AB The focus of this investigation is how the relationship at intraseasonal time scales between sea surface temperature and precipitation (SST-P) varies among different reanalyses. The motivation for this work was spurred by a recent report that documented that the SST-P relationship in Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) was much closer to that in the observation than it was for the older generation of reanalyses [i.e., NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (R1) and NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis (R2)]. Further, the reason was attributed either to the fact that the CFSR is a partially coupled reanalysis, while R1 and R2 are atmospheric-alone reanalyses, or that R1 and R2 use the observed weekly-averaged SST. The authors repeated the comparison of the SST-P relationship among R1, R2, and CFSR, as well as two recent generations of atmosphere-alone reanalyses, the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and the ECMWF Re-Analysis Interim (ERA-Interim). The results clearly demonstrate that the differences in the SST-P relationship at intraseasonal time scales across different reanalyses are not due to whether the reanalysis system is coupled or atmosphere alone, but are due to the specification of different SSTs. The SST-P relationship in different reanalyses, when computed against a single SST for the benchmark, demonstrates a relationship that is common across all of the reanalyses and observations. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Zhang, Li; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, Li] Wyle Sci Technol & Engn, Mclean, VA USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3000, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 141 IS 3 BP 1118 EP 1123 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00214.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 105BM UT WOS:000316040600014 ER PT J AU Solis, D Perruso, L del Corral, J Stoffle, B Letson, D AF Solis, Daniel Perruso, Larry del Corral, Julio Stoffle, Brent Letson, David TI Measuring the initial economic effects of hurricanes on commercial fish production: the US Gulf of Mexico grouper (Serranidae) fishery SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; Economic damage; Commercial fisheries; Stochastic production frontier; US Gulf of Mexico ID TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY; FRONTIER; SKILL AB A stochastic production frontier was used to measure the initial (i.e., bi-weekly) economic effects of hurricanes on commercial grouper (Serranidae) production in the Exclusive Economic Zone of the United States Gulf of Mexico from 2005 to 2009. We estimated the economic effects of productivity losses associated with specific hurricanes on the commercial grouper fleet. We also calculated the economic effects due to productivity losses during an entire hurricane season at the regional level. The empirical model controls for input levels as well as other factors affecting production to isolate the initial economic effect caused by hurricanes from other non-weather-related factors. The empirical results revealed that hurricanes striking the Gulf of Mexico coastline from 2005 to 2009 had a negative effect on the production of the commercial grouper fleet. The results also demonstrated the relative importance of inputs and regulations on fish production. C1 [Solis, Daniel; Letson, David] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Affairs & Policy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Perruso, Larry; Stoffle, Brent] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Social Sci Res Grp, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [del Corral, Julio] Univ Castilla La Mancha, Dept Econ & Finance, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain. RP Solis, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Affairs & Policy, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM d.solis@miami.edu RI Solis, Daniel/B-1031-2009; del Corral, Julio/C-4009-2011 OI Solis, Daniel/0000-0002-7322-7201; del Corral, Julio/0000-0002-6068-0525 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAR PY 2013 VL 66 IS 2 BP 271 EP 289 DI 10.1007/s11069-012-0476-y PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 093BG UT WOS:000315166100007 ER PT J AU Marsili, F Verma, VB Stern, JA Harrington, S Lita, AE Gerrits, T Vayshenker, I Baek, B Shaw, MD Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Stern, J. A. Harrington, S. Lita, A. E. Gerrits, T. Vayshenker, I. Baek, B. Shaw, M. D. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. TI Detecting single infrared photons with 93% system efficiency SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article AB Single-photon detectors(1) at near-infrared wavelengths with high system detection efficiency (>90%), low dark count rate (<1 c.p.s.), low timing jitter (<100 ps) and short reset time (<100 ns) would enable landmark experiments in a variety of fields(2-6). Although some of the existing approaches to single-photon detection fulfil one or two of the above specifications(1), to date, no detector has met all of the specifications simultaneously. Here, we report on a fibre-coupled single-photon detection system that uses superconducting nanowire single-photon detector(7) and closely approaches the ideal performance of single-photon detectors. Our detector system has a system detection efficiency (including optical coupling losses) greater than 90% in the wavelength range lambda = 1,520-1,610 nm, with a device dark count rate (measured with the device shielded from any background radiation) of similar to 1 c.p.s., timing jitter of similar to 150 ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) and reset time of 40 ns. C1 [Marsili, F.; Verma, V. B.; Harrington, S.; Lita, A. E.; Gerrits, T.; Vayshenker, I.; Baek, B.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Marsili, F (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM francesco.marsili@nist.gov; saewoo.nam@nist.gov RI Vayshenker, Igor/H-9793-2013; OI Vayshenker, Igor/0000-0002-7098-3781; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank R. M. Briggs, S. D. Dyer, W. H. Farr, J. Gao, M. Green, E. Grossman, P. D. Hale, R. W. Leonhardt, I. Levin and R. E. Muller for technical support, and S. Bradley, B. Calkins, A. Migdall and M. Stevens for scientific discussions. Part of this work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Information in a Photon programme). Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 30 TC 341 Z9 347 U1 13 U2 123 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD MAR PY 2013 VL 7 IS 3 BP 210 EP 214 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2013.13 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 106OP UT WOS:000316154700014 ER PT J AU Kendall, NW Quinn, TP AF Kendall, Neala W. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Size-selective fishing affects sex ratios and the opportunity for sexual selection in Alaskan sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; INDUCED EVOLUTION; RIVER SYSTEM; BRISTOL BAY; COHO SALMON; POPULATION; FISHERIES; CONSERVATION AB Selective exploitation can cause adverse ecological and evolutionary changes in wild populations and also affect sex ratios but few studies have empirically documented skewed sex ratios in exploited fishes (other than species with extreme sexual size dimorphism, SSD). To investigate the possibility of sex-selective fishing on Alaskan sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, we assessed sex ratios in fish at two spatial scales: within each of five fishing districts and among 13 breeding populations in one of these districts. We predicted that populations' sex ratios would vary based on the average size of fish and SSD because size affects vulnerability to fishing. At the larger scale, we found a small but significant bias in fish returning to four of the five fishing districts (average =52% females), and in four of the five districts males were caught at significantly higher rates than females. At the finer scale there was marked variation in sex ratio on the breeding grounds, ranging from 36% to 47% males. Populations with fish of intermediate sizes experienced the greatest sex ratio biases; the greater vulnerability of males than females to fishing resulted from a combination of larger SSD and different harvest rates between the sexes associated with the fishery size-selectivity curve shape. Skewed sex ratios may change competition and behavior on the breeding grounds, relaxing selection on male traits associated with mate choice by females or intra-sexual competition and altering demographic and evolutionary pressures on the fish. Assessment of the size selectivity of fishing gear and the population's SSD can help to illuminate if and how exploitation can affect sex ratios. Future studies examining size-selective fishing should also evaluate the consequences for sex ratios, as this might help explain changes in harvested population structure and sustainability. C1 [Kendall, Neala W.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kendall, NW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM neala.kendall@noaa.gov FU Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the Univ. of Washington; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (Biocomplexity in the Environment and Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems programs) FX We gratefully acknowledge the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund, the School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the Univ. of Washington, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the National Science Foundation (Biocomplexity in the Environment and Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems programs) for funding this research. Alaska Dept of Fish and Game provided access to long-term data, and we especially thank Fred West for his help in this regard. Breeding ground data were collected and organized by many Univ. of Washington staff and students under the supervision of Ray Hilborn, Daniel Schindler and Thomas Quinn and we especially acknowledge Chris Boatright and Jackie Carter. We also thank Lorenz Hauser, whose studies of reproductive success and sex ratios in A and C creeks helped to motivate and shape this paper. Andre Punt, Jeff Hard, Aaron Wirsing, Stephanie Carlson, Ray Hilborn and Bruno Ernande provided helpful comments. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 72 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD MAR PY 2013 VL 122 IS 3 BP 411 EP 420 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20319.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 097IR UT WOS:000315467700011 ER PT J AU Hoth, GW Donley, EA Kitching, J AF Hoth, Gregory W. Donley, Elizabeth A. Kitching, John TI Atom number in magneto-optic traps with millimeter scale laser beams SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-CELL AB We measure the number of atoms N trapped in a conventional vapor-cell magneto-optic trap (MOT) using beams that have a diameter d in the range 1-5 mm. We show that the N proportional to d(3.6) scaling law observed for larger MOTs is a robust approximation for optimized MOTs with beam diameters as small as 3 mm. For smaller beams, the description of the scaling depends on how d is defined. The most consistent picture of the scaling is obtained when d is defined as the diameter where the intensity profile of the trapping beams decreases to the saturation intensity. Using this definition, N scales as d(6) for d < 2.3 mm but, at larger d, N still scales as d(3.6). C1 [Hoth, Gregory W.; Donley, Elizabeth A.; Kitching, John] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elizabeth.donley@nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 FU NIST; DARPA's Microsystems Technology Office FX This work was funded by NIST and DARPA's Microsystems Technology Office. NIST is an agency of the US government and this work is not subject to copyright. Jennifer Sebby-Strabley is gratefully acknowledged for many useful discussions. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 5 BP 661 EP 663 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 099EI UT WOS:000315602600022 PM 23455257 ER PT J AU Tutak, W Sarkar, S Lin-Gibson, S Farooque, TM Jyotsnendu, G Wang, DB Kohn, J Bolikal, D Simon, CG AF Tutak, Wojtek Sarkar, Sumona Lin-Gibson, Sheng Farooque, Tanya M. Jyotsnendu, Giri Wang, Dongbo Kohn, Joachim Bolikal, Durgadas Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI The support of bone marrow stromal cell differentiation by airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Airbrushing; Bone marrow stromal cell; Cell differentiation; Electrospinning; Nanofiber; Stem cell ID EMBRYONIC STEM-CELLS; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; SHAPE; POLY(EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE); 3D; PROLIFERATION; REGENERATION; BIOMATERIAL AB Nanofiber scaffolds are effective for tissue engineering since they emulate the fibrous nanostructure of native extracellular matrix (ECM). Although electrospinning has been the most common approach for fabricating nanofiber scaffolds, airbrushing approaches have also been advanced for making nanofibers. For airbrushing, compressed gas is used to blow polymer solution through a small nozzle which shears the polymer solution into fibers. Our goals were 1) to assess the versatility of airbrushing, 2) to compare the properties of airbrushed and electrospun nanofiber scaffolds and 3) to test the ability of airbrushed nanofibers to support stem cell differentiation. The results demonstrated that airbrushing could produce nanofibers from a wide range of polymers and onto a wide range of targets. Airbrushing was safer, 10-fold faster, 100-fold less expensive to set-up and able to deposit nanofibers onto a broader range of targets than electrospinning. Airbrushing yielded nanofibers that formed loosely packed bundles of aligned nanofibers, while electrospinning produced un-aligned, single nanofibers that were tightly packed and highly entangled. Airbrushed nanofiber mats had larger pores, higher porosity and lower modulus than electrospun mats, results that were likely caused by the differences in morphology (nanofiber packing and entanglement). Airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds fabricated from 4 different polymers were each able to support osteogenic differentiation of primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). Finally, the differences in airbrushed versus electrospun nanofiber morphology caused differences in hBMSC shape where cells had a smaller spread area and a smaller volume on airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds. These results highlight the advantages and disadvantages of airbrushing versus electrospinning nanofiber scaffolds and demonstrate that airbrushed nanofiber scaffolds can support stem cell differentiation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tutak, Wojtek; Sarkar, Sumona; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Farooque, Tanya M.; Jyotsnendu, Giri; Wang, Dongbo; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tutak, Wojtek; Jyotsnendu, Giri] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohn, Joachim; Bolikal, Durgadas] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU NRC-NIST; NRC-NIH/NIBIB-NIST FX W.T., T.M.F., D.W. and S.S. were supported by NRC-NIST postdoctoral fellowships. G.J. was supported by an NRC-NIH/NIBIB-NIST postdoctoral fellowship. We thank Kathy Flynn (NIST) for gel permeation chromatography measurements. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of NIST. This article, a contribution of NIST, is not subject to US copyright. Certain equipment and instruments or materials are identified in the paper to adequately specify the experimental details. Such identification does not imply recommendation by NIST, nor does it imply the materials are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. NR 42 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 110 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD MAR PY 2013 VL 34 IS 10 BP 2389 EP 2398 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.020 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 098JL UT WOS:000315545500001 PM 23312903 ER PT J AU L'Heureux, ML Collins, DC Hu, ZZ AF L'Heureux, Michelle L. Collins, Dan C. Hu, Zeng-Zhen TI Linear trends in sea surface temperature of the tropical Pacific Ocean and implications for the El Nino-Southern Oscillation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; LA-NINA; ENSO; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; NONLINEARITY; ANOMALIES; EVOLUTION; EPISODES; MODELS AB A principal component decomposition of monthly sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the tropical Pacific Ocean demonstrates that nearly all of the linear trends during 1950-2010 are found in two leading patterns. The first SST pattern is strongly related to the canonical El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) pattern. The second pattern shares characteristics with the first pattern and its existence solely depends on the presence of linear trends across the tropical Pacific Ocean. The decomposition also uncovers a third pattern, often referred to as ENSO Modoki, but the linear trend is small and dataset dependent over the full 61-year record and is insignificant within each season. ENSO Modoki is also reflected in the equatorial zonal SST gradient between the Nio-4 region, located in the west-central Pacific, and the Nio-3 region in the eastern Pacific. It is only in this zonal SST gradient that a marginally significant trend arises early in the Northern Hemisphere spring (March-May) during El Nio and La Nia and also in the late summer (July-September) during El Nio. Yet these SST trends in the zonal gradient do not unequivocally represent an ENSO Modoki-like dipole because they are exclusively associated with significant positive SST trends in either the eastern or western Pacific, with no corresponding significant negative trends. Insignificant trends in the zonal SST gradient are evident during the boreal wintertime months when ENSO events typically mature. Given the presence of positive SST trends across much of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, using fixed SST anomaly thresholds to define ENSO events likely needs to be reconsidered. C1 [L'Heureux, Michelle L.; Collins, Dan C.; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP L'Heureux, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM michelle.lheureux@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 35 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 40 IS 5-6 BP 1223 EP 1236 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1331-2 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 096YE UT WOS:000315440100010 ER PT J AU Lian, ZH Godil, A Xiao, JG AF Lian, Zhouhui Godil, Afzal Xiao, Jianguo TI Feature-Preserved 3D Canonical Form SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION LA English DT Article DE Canonical form; Multidimensional scaling; 3D shape retrieval; Non-rigid ID NONRIGID REGISTRATION; MODEL RETRIEVAL; RECOGNITION; SURFACES; DISTRIBUTIONS; SIGNATURES; DISTANCES AB Measuring the dissimilarity between non-rigid objects is a challenging problem in 3D shape retrieval. One potential solution is to construct the models' 3D canonical forms (i.e., isometry-invariant representations in 3D Euclidean space) on which any rigid shape matching algorithm can be applied. However, existing methods, which are typically based on embedding procedures, result in greatly distorted canonical forms, and thus could not provide satisfactory performance to distinguish non-rigid models. In this paper, we present a feature-preserved canonical form for non-rigid 3D watertight meshes. The basic idea is to naturally deform original models against corresponding initial canonical forms calculated by Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). Specifically, objects are first segmented into near-rigid subparts, and then, through properly-designed rotations and translations, original subparts are transformed into poses that correspond well with their positions and directions on MDS canonical forms. Final results are obtained by solving nonlinear minimization problems for optimal alignments and smoothing boundaries between subparts. Experiments on two non-rigid 3D shape benchmarks not only clearly verify the advantages of our algorithm against existing approaches, but also demonstrate that, with the help of the proposed canonical form, we can obtain significantly better retrieval accuracy compared to the state of the art. C1 [Lian, Zhouhui; Xiao, Jianguo] Peking Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Godil, Afzal] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lian, ZH (reprint author), Peking Univ, Inst Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM lianzhouhui@yahoo.com.cn; godil@nist.gov; xiaojianguo@pku.edu.cn FU China Post-doctoral Science Foundation [2012M510274]; SIMA program; Shape Metrology IMS FX This work has been supported by China Post-doctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.: 2012M510274), the SIMA program and the Shape Metrology IMS. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, and Xu-Lei Wang for providing his results that have been compared in this paper. NR 48 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-5691 EI 1573-1405 J9 INT J COMPUT VISION JI Int. J. Comput. Vis. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 102 IS 1-3 BP 221 EP 238 DI 10.1007/s11263-012-0548-1 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 097VO UT WOS:000315501800013 ER PT J AU Jehl, JR Henry, AE AF Jehl, Joseph R., Jr. Henry, Annette E. TI Intra-organ flexibility in the eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis stomach: a spandrel in the belly SO JOURNAL OF AVIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KNOTS CALIDRIS-CANUTUS; PHENOTYPIC FLEXIBILITY; RED KNOTS; ORGAN SIZE; BODY-COMPOSITION; MIGRATORY BIRDS; FLIGHT; MOLT; FOOD; TERM AB Adjustments in body composition over the annual cycle have been documented in many organs and muscle groups. Here we consider the nature and significance of intra-organ variation in the eared grebe Podiceps nigricollis stomach, a large and variable organ that can weigh > 30 g when birds are staging, drop to 811 g before setting off, or to as little as 6.6 g after a several-day migration. Weight reduction in association with migration is conventionally regarded as an adaptation to reduce wing loading and flight costs. This interpretation applies to the premigratory reduction of the entire stomach. However, it does not fit the differential in-flight reduction of the proventriculus, because grebes require a large proventriculus to initiate digestion, and its smaller size when they need to rebuild the entire stomach and resume feeding quickly is opposite that expected in a functional context. We view the reduction of the proventriculus as a non-adaptive response, or spandrel, stemming from its intrinsically higher turnover rate. Starving birds, like migrants, also need to digest food quickly. In their case, the proventriculus is maintained as body weight declines and the gizzard is sacrificed. Mechanisms by which individual organisms achieve different responses to similar challenges, including starvation, merit further investigation. C1 [Jehl, Joseph R., Jr.] US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Henry, Annette E.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jehl, JR (reprint author), US Natl Museum Nat Hist, Div Birds, NHB E-607 MC 116,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM grebe5k@cs.com FU National Geographic Society [7408-03, 7609-04]; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX H. I. Ellis, A. K. Miles, N. Darnall, J. Neill, K. Day and J. Lutz helped in obtaining specimens. Brian K. Schmidt provided the photograph. Fieldwork was supported, in part, by the Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory, Mammoth Lakes, CA. Financial support came from the National Geographic Society (Grants 7408-03, 7609-04), and the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Comments of D. E. Gill, H. E. Ellis and G. R. Graves improved our presentation. This paper has been improved by the comments of J. van Gils, W. Perrin, K. Elliot and T. Piersma. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 20 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0908-8857 EI 1600-048X J9 J AVIAN BIOL JI J. Avian Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44 IS 2 BP 97 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1600-048X.2012.00059.x PG 5 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 099UG UT WOS:000315647300001 ER PT J AU Kos, AB Gerecht, E AF Kos, Anthony B. Gerecht, Eyal TI Long-Wavelength Beam Steerer Based on a Micro-Electromechanical Mirror SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DSP; image raster-scanning; long-wavelength; long-wavelength beams; long-wavelength imaging; MEMS; quasi-optical coupling; terahertz; terahertz beams; terahertz imaging; terahertz switching elements AB Commercially available mirrors for scanning long-wavelength beams are too large for high-speed imaging. There is a need for a smaller, more agile pointing apparatus to provide images in seconds, not minutes or hours. A fast long-wavelength beam steerer uses a commercial micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror controlled by a high-performance digital signal processor (DSP). The DSP allows high-speed raster scanning of the incident radiation, which is focused to a small waist onto the 9mm(2), gold-coated, MEMS mirror surface, while simultaneously acquiring an undistorted, high spatial-resolution image of an object. The beam steerer hardware, software and performance are described. The system can also serve as a miniaturized, high-performance long-wavelength beam chopper for lock-in detection. C1 [Kos, Anthony B.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gerecht, Eyal] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kos, AB (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kos@boulder.nist.gov; eyal.gerecht@gmail.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.6028/jres.118.006 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 098QE UT WOS:000315563000001 PM 26401426 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Tougaard, S Werner, WSM Smekal, W AF Powell, Cedric J. Tougaard, Sven Werner, Wolfgang S. M. Smekal, Werner TI Sample-morphology effects on x-ray photoelectron peak intensities SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; MEAN FREE PATHS; SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; ATTENUATION LENGTHS; CORRECTION FORMULA; DEPTH; XPS; SPECTRA AB The authors have used the National Institute of Standards and Technology Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis to simulate photoelectron spectra from the four sample morphologies considered by Tougaard [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 14, 1415 (1996)]. These simulations were performed for two classes of materials, two instrument configurations, and two conditions, one in which elastic scattering is neglected (corresponding to the Tougaard results) and the other in which it is included. The authors considered the Cu/Au morphologies analyzed by Tougaard and similar SiO2/Si morphologies since elastic-scattering effects are expected to be smaller in the latter materials than the former materials. Film thicknesses in the simulations were adjusted in each case to give essentially the same chosen Cu 2p(3/2) or O 1s peak intensity. Film thicknesses with elastic scattering switched on were systematically less than those with elastic scattering switched off by up to about 25% for the Cu/Au morphologies and up to about 14% for the SiO2/Si morphologies. For the two morphologies in which the Cu 2p(3/2) or O 1s peak intensity was attenuated by an overlayer, the ratios of film thicknesses with elastic scattering switched on to those with elastic scattering switched off varied approximately linearly with the single-scattering albedo, a convenient measure of the strength of elastic scattering. This variation was similar to that of the ratio of the effective attenuation length to the inelastic mean free path for the photoelectrons in the overlayer film. For the two morphologies in which the Cu 2p(3/2) or O 1s photoelectrons originated from an overlayer film, the ratios of film thicknesses with elastic scattering switched on to those with elastic scattering switched off varied more weakly with the single-scattering albedo. This weaker variation was attributed to the weaker effects of elastic scattering for photoelectrons originating predominantly from near-surface atoms than for photoelectrons that travel through an overlayer film. (C) 2013 American Vacuum Society. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.4774214] C1 [Powell, Cedric J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tougaard, Sven] Southern Denmark Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Werner, Wolfgang S. M.; Smekal, Werner] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 28 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAR PY 2013 VL 31 IS 2 AR 021402 DI 10.1116/1.4774214 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 099CA UT WOS:000315595700014 ER PT J AU Schwarz, JP Gao, RS Perring, AE Spackman, JR Fahey, DW AF Schwarz, J. P. Gao, R. S. Perring, A. E. Spackman, J. R. Fahey, D. W. TI Black carbon aerosol size in snow SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; ABSORPTION; IMPACTS; ALBEDO AB The effect of anthropogenic black carbon ( BC) aerosol on snow is of enduring interest due to its consequences for climate forcing. Until now, too little attention has been focused on BC's size in snow, an important parameter affecting BC light absorption in snow. Here we present first observations of this parameter, revealing that BC can be shifted to larger sizes in snow than are typically seen in the atmosphere, in part due to the processes associated with BC removal from the atmosphere. Mie theory analysis indicates a corresponding reduction in BC absorption in snow of 40%, making BC size in snow the dominant source of uncertainty in BC's absorption properties for calculations of BC's snow albedo climate forcing. The shift reduces estimated BC global mean snow forcing by 30%, and has scientific implications for our understanding of snow albedo and the processing of atmospheric BC aerosol in snowfall. C1 [Schwarz, J. P.; Gao, R. S.; Perring, A. E.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schwarz, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Joshua.p.schwarz@noaa.gov RI Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 1356 DI 10.1038/srep01356 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 098RN UT WOS:000315566500002 PM 23449011 ER PT J AU Barzilai, S Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Barzilai, S. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI First-principle modeling of gold adsorption on BeO (0001) SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE BeO; Ab-initio calculations; Adsorption; Substrate ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; BAND-STRUCTURE; SURFACES; CONDUCTANCE; MOLECULES; CHAINS; OXIDE AB Gold nanowire chains are considered a good candidate for nanoelectronic devices since they exhibit remarkable structural and electrical properties. For practical engineering devices, alpha-wurtzite Be may be a useful platform for supporting these nanowires, since the atom separation of the BeO (0001) surface is compatible with the Au-Au atom spacing. However, its influence on the nanowire conductivity is unknown. Here, ab initio simulations of adsorption of one gold atom on cleaved BeO (0001) surfaces have been performed to find the most favorable adsorption site. An attractive adsorption was obtained for all the studied sites, but the most favorable site was above the oxygen for the O-terminated surface and above the Be-Be bridge for the Be-terminated surface. A relatively high electron density is observed in the Au-O and Au-Be bonds, and the local density of states exhibits high peaks in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Barzilai, S.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barzilai, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barzilai.shmuel@gmail.com NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 609 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2012.10.017 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 099GJ UT WOS:000315609200007 ER PT J AU Loomis, RA Zaleski, DP Steber, AL Neill, JL Muckle, MT Harris, BJ Hollis, JM Jewell, PR Lattanzi, V Lovas, FJ Martinez, O McCarthy, MC Remijan, AJ Pate, BH Corby, JF AF Loomis, Ryan A. Zaleski, Daniel P. Steber, Amanda L. Neill, Justin L. Muckle, Matthew T. Harris, Brent J. Hollis, Jan M. Jewell, Philip R. Lattanzi, Valerio Lovas, Frank J. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. McCarthy, Michael C. Remijan, Anthony J. Pate, Brooks H. Corby, Joanna F. TI THE DETECTION OF INTERSTELLAR ETHANIMINE (CH3CHNH) FROM OBSERVATIONS TAKEN DURING THE GBT PRIMOS SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE catalogs; ISM: abundances; ISM: individual objects (SgrB2N); ISM: molecules; methods: laboratory; surveys ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER; ICE ANALOGS; CHIRPED-PULSE; AMINO-ACIDS; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; SAGITTARIUS B2; LINE SURVEY; GAS-PHASE; ORION-KL; SPECTRUM AB We have performed reaction product screening measurements using broadband rotational spectroscopy to identify rotational transition matches between laboratory spectra and the Green Bank Telescope PRIMOS radio astronomy survey spectra in Sagittarius B2 North (Sgr B2(N)). The broadband rotational spectrum of molecules created in an electrical discharge of CH3CN and H2S contained several frequency matches to unidentified features in the PRIMOS survey that did not have molecular assignments based on standard radio astronomy spectral catalogs. Several of these transitions are assigned to the E- and Z-isomers of ethanimine. Global fits of the rotational spectra of these isomers in the range of 8-130 GHz have been performed for both isomers using previously published mm-wave spectroscopy measurements and the microwave measurements of the current study. Possible interstellar chemistry formation routes for E- ethanimine and Z- ethanimine are discussed. The detection of ethanimine is significant because of its possible role in the formation of alanine-one of the twenty amino acids in the genetic code. C1 [Loomis, Ryan A.; Zaleski, Daniel P.; Steber, Amanda L.; Neill, Justin L.; Muckle, Matthew T.; Harris, Brent J.; Pate, Brooks H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Hollis, Jan M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Jewell, Philip R.; Remijan, Anthony J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Lattanzi, Valerio; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lattanzi, Valerio; Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Corby, Joanna F.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Loomis, RA (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. OI McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008; Steber, Amanda/0000-0002-8203-2174; Zaleski, Daniel/0000-0003-0153-9158 FU Centers for Chemical Innovation program of the National Science Foundation [CHE-0847919]; NSF Chemistry [CHE-1213200]; College Science Scholars program at the University of Virginia FX The authors acknowledge support from the Centers for Chemical Innovation program of the National Science Foundation (CHE-0847919), NSF Chemistry (CHE-1213200), and the College Science Scholars program at the University of Virginia. We also thank B. McGuire and R. Pulliam for helpful comments to improve the manuscript. Finally, we thank the anonymous referee for valuable comments and suggestions on the manuscript. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. NR 43 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 31 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 765 IS 1 AR L9 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L9 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093JK UT WOS:000315187800009 ER PT J AU Nixon, C King, A AF Nixon, Chris King, Andrew TI DO JETS PRECESS . . . OR EVEN MOVE AT ALL? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies: active; galaxies: evolution; galaxies: jets ID ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; TWISTED ACCRETION DISKS; SPINNING BLACK-HOLES; SEYFERT-GALAXIES; DISCS; EVOLUTION; ENERGY; RADIO AB Observations of accreting black holes often provoke suggestions that their jets precess. The precession is usually supposed to result from a combination of the Lense-Thirring effect and accretion disk viscosity. We show that this is unlikely for any type of black hole system, as the disk generally has too little angular momentum compared with a spinning hole to cause any significant movement of the jet direction across the sky on short timescales. Uncorrelated accretion events, as in the chaotic accretion picture of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), change AGN jet directions only on timescales greater than or similar to 10(7) yr. In this picture AGN jet directions are stable on shorter timescales, but uncorrelated with any structure of the host galaxy, as observed. We argue that observations of black hole jets precessing on timescales short compared to the accretion time would be a strong indication that the accretion disk, and not the standard Blandford-Znajek mechanism, is responsible for driving the jet. This would be particularly convincing in a tidal disruption event. We suggest that additional disk physics is needed to explain any jet precession on timescales short compared with the accretion time. Possibilities include the radiation warping instability, or disk tearing. C1 [Nixon, Chris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris; King, Andrew] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. RP Nixon, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chris.nixon@jila.colorado.edu OI Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program [PF2-130098]; STFC Rolling Grant FX We thank Phil Armitage for useful discussions. Support for this work was provided by NASA through the Einstein Fellowship Program, grant PF2-130098. Research in theoretical astrophysics at Leicester is supported by an STFC Rolling Grant. NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 765 IS 1 AR L7 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L7 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093JK UT WOS:000315187800007 ER PT J AU Zaleski, DP Seifert, NA Steber, AL Muckle, MT Loomis, RA Corby, JF Martinez, O Crabtree, KN Jewell, PR Hollis, JM Lovas, FJ Vasquez, D Nyiramahirwe, J Sciortino, N Johnson, K McCarthy, MC Remijan, AJ Pate, BH AF Zaleski, Daniel P. Seifert, Nathan A. Steber, Amanda L. Muckle, Matt T. Loomis, Ryan A. Corby, Joanna F. Martinez, Oscar, Jr. Crabtree, Kyle N. Jewell, Philip R. Hollis, Jan M. Lovas, Frank J. Vasquez, David Nyiramahirwe, Jolie Sciortino, Nicole Johnson, Kennedy McCarthy, Michael C. Remijan, Anthony J. Pate, Brooks H. TI DETECTION OF E-CYANOMETHANIMINE TOWARD SAGITTARIUS B2(N) IN THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE PRIMOS SURVEY SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE catalogs; ISM: abundances; ISM: individual objects (SgrB2N); ISM: molecules; methods: laboratory; surveys ID SPECTRAL-LINE SURVEY; Z-C-CYANOMETHANIMINE; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; ORGANIC-MOLECULES; MICROWAVE-SPECTRA; PRIMITIVE EARTH; HCN DIMER; INTERSTELLAR; DELIVERY; ADENINE AB The detection of E-cyanomethanimine (E-HNCHCN) toward Sagittarius B2(N) is made by comparing the publicly available Green Bank Telescope (GBT) PRIMOS survey spectra to laboratory rotational spectra from a reaction product screening experiment. The experiment uses broadband molecular rotational spectroscopy to monitor the reaction products produced in an electric discharge source using a gas mixture of NH3 and CH3CN. Several transition frequency coincidences between the reaction product screening spectra and previously unassigned interstellar rotational transitions in the PRIMOS survey have been assigned to E-cyanomethanimine. A total of eight molecular rotational transitions of this molecule between 9 and 50 GHz are observed with the GBT. E-cyanomethanimine, often called the HCN dimer, is an important molecule in prebiotic chemistry because it is a chemical intermediate in proposed synthetic routes of adenine, one of the two purine nucleobases found in DNA and RNA. New analyses of the rotational spectra of both E-cyanomethanimine and Z-cyanomethanimine that incorporate previous millimeter-wave measurements are also reported. C1 [Zaleski, Daniel P.; Seifert, Nathan A.; Steber, Amanda L.; Muckle, Matt T.; Loomis, Ryan A.; Vasquez, David; Nyiramahirwe, Jolie; Sciortino, Nicole; Johnson, Kennedy; Pate, Brooks H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Corby, Joanna F.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Crabtree, Kyle N.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Martinez, Oscar, Jr.; Crabtree, Kyle N.; McCarthy, Michael C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jewell, Philip R.; Remijan, Anthony J.] Natl Radio Astron Observ, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Hollis, Jan M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zaleski, DP (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM bp2k@virginia.edu; mccarthy@cfa.harvard.edu; aremijan@nrao.edu OI Crabtree, Kyle/0000-0001-5629-5192; McCarthy, Michael/0000-0001-9142-0008; Steber, Amanda/0000-0002-8203-2174; Zaleski, Daniel/0000-0003-0153-9158 FU NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation [CHE-0847919]; NSF Chemistry [CHE-1213200]; Virginia-North Carolina Alliance, a NSF Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation [HRD-1202181]; National Radio Astronomy Observatory FX This work was supported by the NSF Centers for Chemical Innovation (CHE-0847919) and NSF Chemistry (CHE-1213200). Additional support was provided by the Virginia-North Carolina Alliance, a NSF Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (HRD-1202181) and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. Finally, we thank the anonymous referee for a favorable review and valuable comments that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 765 IS 1 AR L10 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/765/1/L10 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 093JK UT WOS:000315187800010 ER PT J AU Oltmans, SJ Lefohn, AS Shadwick, D Harris, JM Scheel, HE Galbally, I Tarasick, DW Johnson, BJ Brunke, EG Claude, H Zeng, G Nichol, S Schmidlin, F Davies, J Cuevas, E Redondas, A Naoe, H Nakano, T Kawasato, T AF Oltmans, S. J. Lefohn, A. S. Shadwick, D. Harris, J. M. Scheel, H. E. Galbally, I. Tarasick, D. W. Johnson, B. J. Brunke, E. -G. Claude, H. Zeng, G. Nichol, S. Schmidlin, F. Davies, J. Cuevas, E. Redondas, A. Naoe, H. Nakano, T. Kawasato, T. TI Recent tropospheric ozone changes - A pattern dominated by slow or no growth SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Troposphere ozone; Trends; Changes in concentration distribution ID LONG-TERM CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; BACKGROUND OZONE; INCREASING OZONE; RURAL SITES; WEST-COAST; TRENDS; REDUCTION AB Longer-term (i.e., 20-40 years) tropospheric ozone (O-3) time series obtained from surface and ozonesonde observations have been analyzed to assess possible changes with time through 2010. The time series have been selected to reflect relatively broad geographic regions and where possible minimize local scale influences, generally avoiding sites close to larger urban areas. Several approaches have been used to describe the changes with time, including application of a time series model, running 15-year trends, and changes in the distribution by month in the O-3 mixing ratio. Changes have been investigated utilizing monthly averages, as well as exposure metrics that focus on specific parts of the distribution of hourly average concentrations (e.g., low-, mid-, and high-level concentration ranges). Many of the longer time series (similar to 30 years) in mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, including those in Japan, show a pattern of significant increase in the earlier portion of the record, with a flattening over the last 10-15 years. It is uncertain if the flattening of the O-3 change over Japan reflects the impact of O-3 transported from continental East Asia in light of reported O-3 increases in China. In the Canadian Arctic, declines from the beginning of the ozonesonde record in 1980 have mostly rebounded with little overall change over the period of record. The limited data in the tropical Pacific suggest very little change over the entire record. In the southern hemisphere subtropics and mid-latitudes, the significant increase observed in the early part of the record has leveled off in the most recent decade. At the South Pole, a decline observed during the first half of the 35-year record has reversed, and O-3 has recovered to levels similar to the beginning of the record. Our understanding of the causes of the longer-term changes is limited, although it appears that in the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere, controls on O-3 precursors have likely been a factor in the leveling off or decline from earlier O-3 increases. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Oltmans, S. J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oltmans, S. J.; Harris, J. M.; Johnson, B. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Lefohn, A. S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT USA. [Scheel, H. E.] KIT IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Galbally, I.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Tarasick, D. W.; Davies, J.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Nichol, S.] NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Schmidlin, F.] NASA, Wallops Isl, VA USA. [Cuevas, E.; Redondas, A.] AEMET, Izana Atmospher Res Ctr, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain. [Naoe, H.; Nakano, T.; Kawasato, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. RP Oltmans, SJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Samuel.J.Oltmans@noaa.gov RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Galbally, Ian/E-5852-2011; Redondas, Alberto/L-9299-2015; Cuevas, Emilio/L-2109-2013; OI Galbally, Ian/0000-0003-2383-1360; Redondas, Alberto/0000-0002-4826-6823; Cuevas, Emilio/0000-0003-1843-8302; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 NR 57 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 6 U2 106 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 67 BP 331 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.10.057 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 093EA UT WOS:000315173300036 ER PT J AU Sarti, P Abbondanza, C Legrand, J Bruyninx, C Vittuari, L Ray, J AF Sarti, Pierguido Abbondanza, Claudio Legrand, Juliette Bruyninx, Carine Vittuari, Luca Ray, Jim TI Intrasite motions and monument instabilities at Medicina ITRF co-location site SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Time-series analysis; Reference systems; Space geodetic surveys; Intraplate processes; Europe ID RADIO TELESCOPE; TIME-SERIES; GRAVITY VARIATIONS; SURFACE MONUMENTS; DISPLACEMENT; DEFORMATION; GPS; BOLOGNA; SYSTEMS; SERVICE AB We process the total-station surveys performed at the ITRF co-location site Medicina (Northern Italy) over the decade (2001-2010) with the purpose of determining the extent of local intrasite motions and relating them to local geophysical processes, the geological setting and the design of the ground pillars. In addition, continuous observations acquired by two co-located GPS stations (MEDI and MSEL separated by approximate to 27 m) are analysed and their relative motion is cross-checked with the total-station results. The local ground control network extends over a small area (<100 x 100 m) but the results demonstrate significant anisotropic deformations with rates up to 1.6 mm a(-1), primarily horizontal, a value comparable to intraplate tectonic deformations. The results derived from GPS and total-station observations are consistent and point to the presence of horizontal intrasite motions over very short distances possibly associated with varying environmental conditions in a very unfavourable local geological setting and unsuitable monument design, these latter being crucial aspects of the realization and maintenance of global permanent geodetic networks and the global terrestrial reference frame. C1 [Sarti, Pierguido] Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Ist Radioastron IRA, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Abbondanza, Claudio] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Legrand, Juliette; Bruyninx, Carine] Royal Observ Belgium, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. [Vittuari, Luca] Univ Bologna, DICAM, I-40136 Bologna, Italy. [Ray, Jim] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sarti, P (reprint author), Ist Nazl Astrofis INAF, Ist Radioastron IRA, Via P Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. EM p.sarti@ira.inaf.it RI Sarti, Pierguido/D-2391-2009; OI Sarti, Pierguido/0000-0003-1260-5587; Vittuari, Luca/0000-0002-9815-1004 NR 46 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 192 IS 3 BP 1042 EP 1051 DI 10.1093/gji/ggs092 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 091LP UT WOS:000315051300012 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Stow, CA Crooks, JL Hunter, TS AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Stow, Craig A. Crooks, James L. Hunter, Timothy S. TI Quantifying parameter uncertainty and assessing the skill of exponential dispersion rainfall simulation models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE rainfall dynamics; MCMC; parameter uncertainty; exponential dispersion model; Great Lakes ID RECTANGULAR PULSE MODEL; WATER-QUALITY MODELS; POINT PROCESS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; SCENARIOS; BACTERIA; IMPACTS; NETWORK AB The exponential dispersion model (EDM) has been demonstrated as an effective tool for quantifying rainfall dynamics across monthly time scales by simultaneously modelling discrete and continuous variables in a single probability density function. Recent applications of the EDM have included development and implementation of statistical software packages for automatically conditioning model parameters on historical time series data. Here, we advance the application of the EDM through an analysis of rainfall records in the North American Laurentian Great Lakes by implementing the EDM in a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) framework which explicitly acknowledges historic rainfall variability and reflects that variability through uncertainty and correlation in model parameters and simulated rainfall metrics. We find, through a novel probabilistic assessment of skill, that the EDM reproduces the magnitude, variability, and occurrence of daily rainfall, but does not fully capture temporal autocorrelation on a daily time scale. These findings have significant implications for the extent to which the EDM can serve as a tool for supporting regional climate assessments, for downscaling regional climate scenarios into local-scale rainfall time series simulations, and for assessing trends in the historical climate record. Copyright (c) 2012 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Stow, Craig A.; Hunter, Timothy S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Crooks, James L.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 33 IS 3 BP 746 EP 757 DI 10.1002/joc.3469 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 089QZ UT WOS:000314926400019 ER PT J AU Da Silva, SM Urbas, AA Filliben, JJ Morrow, JB AF Da Silva, S. M. Urbas, A. A. Filliben, J. J. Morrow, J. B. TI Recovery balance: a method for estimating losses in a Bacillus anthracis spore sampling protocol SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis Sterne; fluorescence microscopy; spore counting; surface sampling ID FOOD-CONTACT SURFACES; SWAB PROTOCOL; NONPOROUS SURFACES; PROCESSING METHOD; BACTERIAL-SPORES; EFFICIENCY; VALIDATION; DEPOSITION; DETACHMENT; VIABILITY AB Aim The aim of this study was to develop a method to calculate the performance, and isolate error contributions occurring in a microbial surface sampling protocol. Methods and Results The experiments were conducted using a slip/peel tester to provide consistent pressure during the wipe collection. Fluorescence microscopy was used to count spores deposited on the coupon prior to sampling. The mean recovery efficiency (RE) as well as the efficiency of each step in the process was estimated by a recovery balance (RB), similar to a mass balance. Two studies were conducted in this work. In the first one, the recovery of spores from the solution (REsoln) was 57 center dot 7% (SD=8 center dot 0), while spores left on the glass surface after wiping (REb+c) was 2 center dot 8% (SD=2 center dot 4). The RE of spores adhered to the tube wall (REtube) and glass surface (REsurf) was 1 center dot 2% (SD=19 center dot 6) and 5 center dot 8% (SD=7 center dot 1), respectively. From the recovery balance, it was determined that 39 center dot 9% (SD=21 center dot 2) of spores were lost to the wipe (REwipe). The applicability of the RB method was demonstrated in a second study by examining the relative impact of parameters affecting spore collection including relative humidity, wipe material, wetting agent and nonporous surfaces. Conclusions The approach used in this study pointed out the need for a closer analysis of the complex interaction between spores and wipe material because a substantial percentage of spores were lost to the wipe. Significance and Impact of the Study The recovery balance, in association with independent controls, provides an account for error contribution and potential variability on each step of the sampling protocol. The approach is not meant to be a replacement for field or laboratory validation of wipe recoveries but promote the development of new collection methodologies and support protocol optimization in laboratory settings. C1 [Da Silva, S. M.; Urbas, A. A.; Morrow, J. B.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Mat Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, J. J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Da Silva, SM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sdasilva@nist.gov FU The Department of Homeland and Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-09-X-00457]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX The Department of Homeland and Security (DHS) Science and Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this material under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-09-X-00457 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We thank Greg Gillen and Jennifer Verkouteren for providing insightful information and help on the development of the slip/peel tester method for biological application. We thank Barb Jones for supporting the experiment to be envisioned a number of years ago. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 114 IS 3 BP 807 EP 818 DI 10.1111/jam.12090 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 093JG UT WOS:000315187400022 PM 23210624 ER PT J AU Wright, SK Byrd, GV Renner, HM Sowls, AL AF Wright, Sadie K. Byrd, G. Vernon Renner, Heather M. Sowls, Arthur L. TI Breeding ecology of Red-faced Cormorants in the Pribilof Islands, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge; Bering Sea; endemic; long-term monitoring; Phalacrocorax urile; reproductive parameters; seabird; sensitive species ID PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS AB Red-faced Cormorants (Phalacrocorax urile) are North Pacific endemics recognized as a vulnerable species, but little is known about their breeding ecology. We studied Red-faced Cormorants on St. Paul Island, Alaska, from 1975 to 2009, with more detailed data collected in 2004 and 2005. Mean clutch sizes in 2004 (3.2 +/- 0.8 [SD] eggs) and 2005 (3.1 +/- 0.8 eggs) were similar to the long-term average (2.9 +/- 0.3 eggs from 1976 to 2009). The mean laying interval in 2004 and 2005 was 2.15 +/- 0.80 d (N= 407), and the mean egg period (number of days between laying of an egg and hatching) was 31.1 +/- 1.4 d (N= 158). Approximately 64 +/- 17% of eggs hatched during the period from 1975 to 2009. The mean number of chicks per nest in 2004 and 2005 was 2.8 +/- 0.8 (N= 232), and the mean number of fledglings per initiated nest in all years was 1.22 +/- 0.52. Chicks fledged 46 to 66 d posthatching. In 2004 and 2005, the primary causes of egg loss were predation by Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) and destruction of eggs and abandonment of nests due to storms. Starvation was the primary cause of nestling mortality in both years. Because chicks are dependent on parents to provide food for over 45 d, consistent near-shore foraging opportunities must be available. From 1975 to 2009, Red-faced Cormorants experienced only 1 yr of complete reproductive failure (1984). The consistent reproductive success of Red-faced Cormorants suggests that conditions may be relatively stable for this species on St. Paul Island, or that the variability in their breeding ecology (e.g., phenology, clutch sizes, and incubation strategies) provides the flexibility needed to successfully fledge some chicks nearly every year. RESUMEN Phalacrocorax urile es una especies endemica del Pacifico norte y reconocida como vulnerable, pero poco se conoce sobre su ecologia reproductiva. Estudiamos P. urile en la isla St. Paul, Alaska, desde 1975 hasta 2009, con datos colectados mas detalladamente en 2004 y 2005. El tamano promedio de la nidada en el 2004 (3.2 +/- 0.8 [SD] huevos) y en el 2005 (3.1 +/- 0.8 huevos) fueron similares a el promedio a lo largo del estudio (2.9 +/- 0.3 huevos desde 19762009). El intervalo promedio de la puesta en 2004 y 2005 fue 2.15 +/- 0.80 d (N= 407), y el promedio del periodo de huevos (numero de dias entre la puesta del primer huevo y la eclosion) fue 31.1 +/- 1.4 d (N= 158). Aproximadamente 64 +/- 17% de los huevo eclosionaron exitosamente en el periodo comprendido entre 1975 y 2009. El numero promedio de polluelos por nido en 2004 y 2005 fue de 2.8 +/- 0.8 (N= 232), y el numero promedio de volantones que salieron por nido activo en todos los anos fue de 1.22 +/- 0.52. Los polluelos salieron del nido entre 46 y 66 dias despues de haber eclosionado. En 2004 y 2005, la principal causa de perdida de huevos fue la depredacion por parte del zorro artico (Vulpes lagopus), y destruccion de huevos y abandono de nidos debido a tormentas. Desnutricion fue la primera causa de mortalidad de polluelos en ambos anos. Debido a que los polluelos dependen de los padres para alimentarse por mas de 45 dias, la disponibilidad de areas para buscar alimento cerca a la orilla es importante. Desde 1975 hasta 2009, P. urile experimento un solo ano de completo fracaso reproductivo (1984). El constante exito reproductivo de P. urile sugiere que las condiciones para esta especie son relativamente estables en la isla St. Paul o que la variabilidad en su ecologia reproductiva (e.g. , fenologia, tamano de la nidada y estrategias de incubacion) provee la flexibilidad necesaria para que salgan exitosamente algunos polluelos del nido cada ano. C1 [Wright, Sadie K.; Byrd, G. Vernon; Renner, Heather M.; Sowls, Arthur L.] Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Wright, SK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, 709 West 9th St, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM sadie.wright@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0273-8570 J9 J FIELD ORNITHOL JI J. Field Ornithol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1111/jofo.12005 PG 9 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 095IX UT WOS:000315329000006 ER PT J AU Tennyson, J Bernath, PF Brown, LR Campargue, A Csaszar, AG Daumont, L Gamache, RR Hodges, JT Naumenko, OV Polyansky, OL Rothman, LS Vandaele, AC Zobov, NF Al Derzi, AR Fabri, C Fazliev, AZ Furtenbacher, T Gordon, IE Lodi, L Mizus, II AF Tennyson, Jonathan Bernath, Peter F. Brown, Linda R. Campargue, Alain Csaszar, Attila G. Daumont, Ludovic Gamache, Robert R. Hodges, Joseph T. Naumenko, Olga V. Polyansky, Oleg L. Rothman, Laurence S. Vandaele, Ann Carine Zobov, Nikolai F. Al Derzi, Afaf R. Fabri, Csaba Fazliev, Alexander Z. Furtenbacher, Tibor Gordon, Iouli E. Lodi, Lorenzo Mizus, Irina I. TI IUPAC critical evaluation of the rotational-vibrational spectra of water vapor, Part III: Energy levels and transition wavenumbers for (H2O)-O-16 SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Water vapor; Transition wavenumbers; Atmospheric physics; Energy levels; MARVEL; Information system; Database; W@DIS; Infrared spectra; Microwave spectra ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTRUM; THZ FREQUENCY REGION; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; PADE HAMILTONIAN OPERATOR; EMPIRICAL LINE PARAMETERS; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; HIGHLY EXCITED-STATES; LAMB-DIP TECHNIQUE; MU-M AB This is the third of a series of articles reporting critically evaluated rotational-vibrational line positions, transition intensities, and energy levels, with associated critically reviewed labels and uncertainties, for all the main isotopologues of water. This paper presents experimental line positions, experimental-quality energy levels, and validated labels for rotational-vibrational transitions of the most abundant isotopologue of water, (H2O)-O-16. The latest version of the MARVEL (Measured Active Rotational-Vibrational Energy Levels) line-inversion procedure is used to g determine the rovibrational energy levels of the electronic ground state of (H2O)-O-16 from experimentally measured lines, together with their self-consistent uncertainties, for the spectral region up to the first dissociation limit. The spectroscopic network of (H2O)-O-16 contains two components, an ortho (o) and a para (p) one. For o-(H2O)-O-16 and p-(H2O)-O-16, experimentally measured, assigned, and labeled transitions were analyzed from more than 100 sources. The measured lines come from one-photon spectra recorded at room temperature in absorption, from hot samples with temperatures up to 3000 K recorded in emission, and from multiresonance excitation spectra which sample levels up to dissociation. The total number of transitions considered is 184 667 of which 182 156 are validated: 68 027 between para states and 114 129 ortho ones. These transitions give rise to 18 486 validated energy levels, of which 10 446 and 8040 belong to o-(H2O)-O-16 and p-(H2O)-O-16, respectively. The energy levels, including their labeling with approximate normal-mode and rigid-rotor quantum numbers, have been checked against ones determined from accurate variational nuclear motion computations employing exact kinetic energy operators as well as against previous compilations of energy levels. The extensive list of MARVEL lines and levels obtained are deposited in the supplementary data of this paper, as well as in a distributed information system applied to water, W@DIS, where they can easily be retrieved. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tennyson, Jonathan; Polyansky, Oleg L.; Al Derzi, Afaf R.; Lodi, Lorenzo] Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Bernath, Peter F.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Brown, Linda R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Campargue, Alain] Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France. [Csaszar, Attila G.; Fabri, Csaba; Furtenbacher, Tibor] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Budapest, Hungary. [Daumont, Ludovic] Univ Reims, Reims, France. [Gamache, Robert R.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. [Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naumenko, Olga V.; Fazliev, Alexander Z.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia. [Rothman, Laurence S.; Gordon, Iouli E.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vandaele, Ann Carine] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belg, Brussels, Belgium. [Zobov, Nikolai F.; Mizus, Irina I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. RP Tennyson, J (reprint author), Univ London Univ Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM j.tennyson@ucl.ac.UK RI Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Lodi, Lorenzo/C-6009-2013; Fabri, Csaba/D-3858-2017; OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Gordon, Iouli/0000-0003-4763-2841; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry [2004-035-1-100]; European Research Council [267219]; Scientific Research Fund of Hungary [OTKA K77825, NK83583]; National Science Foundation of the U.S.A. [ATM-0803135]; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX 1514901NLSFe(IC)]; NASA Earth Observing System [NAG5-13534]; Groupement de Recherche International SAMIA (Spectroscopie d'Absorption des Molecules d'Interet Atmospherique) FX We all thank the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for funding under Project 2004-035-1-100 (a database of water transitions from experiment and theory). In addition, this work has received partial support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council, the Royal Society, the European Research Council under Advanced Investigator Project 267219, the Scientific Research Fund of Hungary (Grant OTKA K77825 and NK83583), NATO, the National Science Foundation of the U.S.A. through Grant No. ATM-0803135, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (contracts EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX 1514901NLSFe(IC)), the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRFC contracts), the Communaute de Belgique (Action de Recherche Concertees), NASA Earth Observing System (EOS), under Grant NAG5-13534, and the Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU). This work is partly supported by the Groupement de Recherche International SAMIA (Spectroscopie d'Absorption des Molecules d'Interet Atmospherique) between CNRS (France) and RFBR (Russia). Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and grants with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Dr. Semen N. Mikhailenko is thanked for his help collecting experimental sources of measured transitions. NR 231 TC 73 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 88 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 117 BP 29 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.10.002 PG 30 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 095VF UT WOS:000315362400005 ER PT J AU Barzilai, S Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Barzilai, S. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI The effect of internal impurities on the mechanical and conductance properties of gold nanowires during elongation SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; TRANSPORT; MOLECULES AB The conductance and mechanical properties of contaminated gold nanowires (NWs) were studied using first principle calculations. Nanowires containing internal impurities of H2O or O-2 were elongated along two different directions. It was found that both impurities interact with the gold atoms and affect the properties of the NWs. From a mechanical viewpoint, the impurities increase the bond strength in their vicinity and, throughout the entire elongation, remain surrounded by gold atoms. The impurities do not migrate to the surface and never end up in the single atom chain. The NW fracture always occurs at an Au-Au bond, far from the impurity. Therefore, the impurities do not affect the fracture strength but do decrease the strain at fracture. A variety of conductance effects were observed depending on the type and location of the impurity, and the O-2 has the most significant impact. The O-2 reduces the conductance when it is close to the gold atoms in the main pathway. However, at the late stages of the elongation, both impurities are located far from the main pathway and have little influence on the conductance. C1 [Barzilai, S.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barzilai, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 21 IS 2 AR 025004 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/21/2/025004 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 093JC UT WOS:000315186900004 ER PT J AU Peel, D Waples, RS Macbeth, GM Do, C Ovenden, JR AF Peel, D. Waples, R. S. Macbeth, G. M. Do, C. Ovenden, J. . R. TI Accounting for missing data in the estimation of contemporary genetic effective population size (N-e) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Effective population size; Linkage Disequilibrium; missing data; N-e; temporal method ID TEMPORALLY SPACED SAMPLES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ALLELE FREQUENCY; EFFECTIVE NUMBER; LIKELIHOOD; PROGRAM; DRIFT; BREEDERS AB Theoretical models are often applied to population genetic data sets without fully considering the effect of missing data. Researchers can deal with missing data by removing individuals that have failed to yield genotypes and/or by removing loci that have failed to yield allelic determinations, but despite their best efforts, most data sets still contain some missing data. As a consequence, realized sample size differs among loci, and this poses a problem for unbiased methods that must explicitly account for random sampling error. One commonly used solution for the calculation of contemporary effective population size (Ne) is to calculate the effective sample size as an unweighted mean or harmonic mean across loci. This is not ideal because it fails to account for the fact that loci with different numbers of alleles have different information content. Here we consider this problem for genetic estimators of contemporary effective population size (Ne). To evaluate bias and precision of several statistical approaches for dealing with missing data, we simulated populations with known Ne and various degrees of missing data. Across all scenarios, one method of correcting for missing data (fixed-inverse variance-weighted harmonic mean) consistently performed the best for both single-sample and two-sample (temporal) methods of estimating Ne and outperformed some methods currently in widespread use. The approach adopted here may be a starting point to adjust other population genetics methods that include per-locus sample size components. C1 [Peel, D.] CSIRO Math Informat & Stat, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Waples, R. S.; Macbeth, G. M.; Ovenden, J. . R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Do, C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Peel, D (reprint author), CSIRO Math Informat & Stat, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM David.Peel@csiro.au RI Ovenden, Jennifer/A-3717-2010; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12049 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 091EQ UT WOS:000315032600011 PM 23280157 ER PT J AU Hancock-Hanser, BL Frey, A Leslie, MS Dutton, PH Archer, FI Morin, PA AF Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L. Frey, Amy Leslie, Matthew S. Dutton, Peter H. Archer, Frederick I. Morin, Phillip A. TI Targeted multiplex next-generation sequencing: advances in techniques of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequencing for population genomics SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE cetacean; conservation; DNA capture array; green sea turtle; next-generation sequencing; population structure ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MITOGENOMIC SEQUENCES; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HYBRID SELECTION; WOOLLY MAMMOTHS; SNP DISCOVERY; RAD MARKERS; CONSERVATION; LIBRARIES; AMPLIFICATION AB Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is emerging as an efficient and cost-effective tool in population genomic analyses of nonmodel organisms, allowing simultaneous resequencing of many regions of multi-genomic DNA from multiplexed samples. Here, we detail our synthesis of protocols for targeted resequencing of mitochondrial and nuclear loci by generating indexed genomic libraries for multiplexing up to 100 individuals in a single sequencing pool, and then enriching the pooled library using custom DNA capture arrays. Our use of DNA sequence from one species to capture and enrich the sequencing libraries of another species (i.e. cross-species DNA capture) indicates that efficient enrichment occurs when sequences are up to about 12% divergent, allowing us to take advantage of genomic information in one species to sequence orthologous regions in related species. In addition to a complete mitochondrial genome on each array, we have included between 43 and 118 nuclear loci for low-coverage sequencing of between 18kb and 87kb of DNA sequence per individual for single nucleotide polymorphisms discovery from 50 to 100 individuals in a single sequencing lane. Using this method, we have generated a total of over 500 whole mitochondrial genomes from seven cetacean species and green sea turtles. The greater variation detected in mitogenomes relative to short mtDNA sequences is helping to resolve genetic structure ranging from geographic to species-level differences. These NGS and analysis techniques have allowed for simultaneous population genomic studies of mtDNA and nDNA with greater genomic coverage and phylogeographic resolution than has previously been possible in marine mammals and turtles. C1 [Hancock-Hanser, Brittany L.; Frey, Amy; Dutton, Peter H.; Archer, Frederick I.; Morin, Phillip A.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Leslie, Matthew S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Hancock-Hanser, BL (reprint author), NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM brittany.hancock-hanser@noaa.gov FU NMFS Southwest Region; PRD/SWFSC FX We are grateful to Matthias Meyer for pre-publication access to manuscripts and methods, and helpful discussion in adapting methods for cetacean and sea turtle tissues. Steve Head and the TSRI DNA Array Core Facility were extremely helpful not only in sequencing our libraries but in giving advice about the library preparation procedure. Funding came from the NMFS Southwest Region and PRD/SWFSC. Thank you to Aimee Lang, Barb Taylor, Bill Perrin and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. NR 66 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 5 U2 218 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 254 EP 268 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12059 PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 091EQ UT WOS:000315032600012 PM 23351075 ER PT J AU Pritchard, VL Campbell, NR Narum, SR Peacock, MM Garza, JC AF Pritchard, Victoria L. Campbell, Nathan R. Narum, Shawn R. Peacock, Mary M. Garza, John Carlos TI Discovery and characterization of novel genetic markers for use in the management of Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE hybridization; Lahontan cutthroat trout; Oncorhynchus clarkii; single nucleotide polymorphisms ID POPULATIONS; MICROSATELLITES; CONSERVATION; MYKISS AB The Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) is threatened by habitat destruction, over-harvest and hybridization with nonnative trout. Currently, three Geographic Management Units (GMUs) are recognized within the taxon. Here, we describe a suite of 68 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic markers for use in the study and management of Lahontan cutthroat trout and a closely related subspecies, the Paiute cutthroat trout (O. c. seleneris). These include markers variable within the two subspecies (n=35), diagnostic for the two subspecies (n=23) and diagnostic for Yellowstone cutthroat trout (O. c. bouvieri) and other closely related subspecies (n=10). Sixty-three markers were discovered by Sanger sequencing of 171 EST loci in an ascertainment panel including Lahontan cutthroat trout from four populations representing all GMUs. Five markers were identified in a secondary sequencing effort with a single population of Lahontan cutthroat trout. TaqMan assays were validated on six Lahontan cutthroat trout populations and a diverse panel of other trout. Over 90% of the markers variable in Lahontan cutthroat trout were polymorphic in at least two populations, and 66% were variable within all three GMUs. All Lahontan diagnostic markers were also fixed for the Lahontan allele in Paiute cutthroat trout. Most of the Yellowstone diagnostic markers can also be used for this purpose in other cutthroat trout subspecies. This is the first set of SNP markers to be developed for Lahontan cutthroat trout, and will be an important tool for conservation and management. C1 [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Pritchard, Victoria L.; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Campbell, Nathan R.; Narum, Shawn R.] Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Columbia River Inter Tribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Peacock, Mary M.] Univ Nevada, Dept Biol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov OI Pritchard, Victoria/0000-0003-0992-7403 FU US Fish and Wildlife Service (Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex); US Fish and Wildlife Service (Abernathy Fish Technology Center); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Southwest Fisheries Science Center; SWFSC) FX We are grateful to Andrew Kinziger, Jessica Metcalf, Kirk Patten, Dennis Shiozawa and Christian Smith for providing cutthroat trout samples, and to Veronica Kirchoff (UNR) and members of the SWFSC Molecular Ecology and Genetic Analysis Team for laboratory assistance. This work was funded by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Lahontan National Fish Hatchery Complex and Abernathy Fish Technology Center) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Southwest Fisheries Science Center; SWFSC). NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 276 EP 288 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12040 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 091EQ UT WOS:000315032600014 PM 23253773 ER PT J AU Ezer, T Oey, LY AF Ezer, Tal Oey, Lie-Yauw TI On the dynamics of strait flows: an ocean model study of the Aleutian passages and the Bering Strait SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; Aleutian passages; Numerical ocean modeling; Flow-topography interaction; Strait dynamics ID ALASKAN STREAM; YUCATAN CHANNEL; NORTH PACIFIC; SEA; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; TOPEX/POSEIDON; TEMPERATURE AB A high-resolution numerical ocean circulation model of the Bering Sea (BS) is used to study the natural variability of the BS straits. Three distinct categories of strait dynamics have been identified: (1) Shallow passages such as the Bering Strait and the Unimak Passage have northward, near barotropic flow with periodic pulses of larger transports; (2) wide passages such as Near Straits, Amukta Pass, and Buldir Pass have complex flow patterns driven by the passage of mesoscale eddies across the strait; and (3) deep passages such as Amchitka Pass and Kamchatka Strait have persistent deep return flows opposite in direction to major surface currents; the deep flows persist independent of the local wind. Empirical orthogonal function analyses reveal the spatial structure and the temporal variability of strait flows and demonstrate how mesoscale variations in the Aleutian passages influence the Bering Strait flow toward the Arctic Ocean. The study suggests a general relation between the barotropic and baroclinic Rossby radii of deformations in each strait, and the level of flow variability through the strait, independent of geographical location. The mesoscale variability in the BS seems to originate from two different sources: a remote origin from variability in the Alaskan Stream that enters the BS through the Aleutian passages and a local origin from the interaction of currents with the Bowers Ridge in the Aleutian Basin. Comparisons between the flow in the Aleutian passages and flow in other straits, such as the Yucatan Channel and the Faroe Bank Channel, suggest some universal topographically induced dynamics in strait flows. C1 [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ezer, T (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, 4111 Monarch Way, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM tezer@odu.edu; lyo@princeton.edu OI Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 FU NOAA's Office of Climate Programs, project "Collaborative Research: Modeling Sea Ice-Ocean-Ecosystem Responses to Climate Changes in the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas with Data Assimilation of RUSALCA Measurements" [NA08OAR4310613, NA17RJ2612]; NSF; NOAA FX The research is supported by NOAA's Office of Climate Programs, through grants to ODU (award NA08OAR4310613) and PU (award NA17RJ2612), as part of the project "Collaborative Research: Modeling Sea Ice-Ocean-Ecosystem Responses to Climate Changes in the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas with Data Assimilation of RUSALCA Measurements." TE was partly supported by grants from NSF and NOAA. LYO is grateful to GFDL/NOAA, Princeton, where model computations were conducted. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 EI 1616-7228 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 63 IS 2-3 BP 243 EP 263 DI 10.1007/s10236-012-0589-6 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 095LY UT WOS:000315337200008 ER PT J AU Oey, LY Ezer, T Qiu, B Berntsen, J He, RY AF Oey, Lie-Yauw Ezer, Tal Qiu, Bo Berntsen, Jarle He, Ruoying TI Editorial-The 3rd International Workshop on Modeling the Ocean (IWMO 2011) SO OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EDDY C1 [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA USA. [Qiu, Bo] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Berntsen, Jarle] Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [He, Ruoying] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Oey, LY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM lyo@princeton.edu NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1616-7341 J9 OCEAN DYNAM JI Ocean Dyn. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 63 IS 2-3 BP 307 EP 309 DI 10.1007/s10236-013-0595-3 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 095LY UT WOS:000315337200011 ER PT J AU Maity, S Jannasch, A Adamec, J Watkins, JM Nalepa, T Hook, TO Sepulveda, MS AF Maity, Suman Jannasch, Amber Adamec, Jiri Watkins, James M. Nalepa, Thomas Hoeoek, Tomas O. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI Elucidating Causes of Diporeia Decline in the Great Lakes via Metabolomics: Physiological Responses after Exposure to Different Stressors SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPECTROMETRY-BASED PROTEOMICS; AMINO-ACID REQUIREMENTS; AMPHIPOD DIPOREIA; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; MONOPOREIA-AFFINIS; ZEBRA MUSSEL; FATTY-ACIDS; MICHIGAN; ONTARIO AB The benthic macroinvertebrate Diporeia spp. have been extirpated from many areas of the Laurentian Great Lakes, but the mechanisms underlying such declines are not fully understood. Diporeia declines coinciding with the invasion of exotic dreissenid mussels (zebra and quagga) have led to the hypothesis that Diporeia declines are a result of decreased food availability from increasing competition with dreissenids for diatoms. There is additional evidence that Diporeia are negatively affected when in close proximity to dreissenids, probably because of exposure to toxins present in the mussels' pseudofeces. Diporeia are also known to be sensitive to anthropogenic contaminants (such as polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs]) present in Great Lakes sediments. To better understand the physiological responses of Diporeia to diverse stressors, we conducted three 28-d experiments evaluating changes in the metabolomes of Diporeia (1) fed diatoms (Cyclotella meneghiniana) versus starved, (2) exposed (from Lake Michigan and Cayuga Lake) to quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis), and (3) exposed to sediments contaminated with PCBs. The metabolomes of samples were examined using both two-dimensional gas and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Each stressor elicited a unique metabolome response characterized by enhanced citric acid cycle, fatty acid biosynthesis, and protein metabolism in diatom-fed Diporeia; impaired glycolysis, protein catabolism, and folate metabolism in Diporeia from Lake Michigan irrespective of quagga mussel exposure, suggesting lake-specific adaptation mechanisms; and altered cysteine and phospholipid metabolism during PCB exposure. Subsequent comparisons of these stressor-specific metabolic responses with metabolomes of a feral Diporeia population would help identify stressors affecting Diporeia populations throughout the Great Lakes. C1 [Maity, Suman; Hoeoek, Tomas O.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Jannasch, Amber] Purdue Univ, Bindley Biosci Ctr Discovery Pk, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Adamec, Jiri] Univ Nebraska, Dept Biochem, Beadle Ctr N151, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Watkins, James M.] Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, 195 Marsteller St, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM maity@bcm.edu; hopfas@purdue.edu; jadamec2@unl.edu; jmw237@cornell.edu; thomas.nalepa@noaa.gov; thook@purdue.edu; mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Great Lakes Fisheries Trust [2008.886] FX We would like to thank Daniel Ryan for the collection of samples; Carol Lembi, Charles Britton, and Kimberly Schulz for their assistance and advice on the diatom culture; and Jennifer Myer and Carolyn Foley for providing their assistance during experimental setup. This research was funded by the Great Lakes Fisheries Trust (grant 2008.886). NR 85 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 47 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD MAR-APR PY 2013 VL 86 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.1086/669132 PG 11 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 095KP UT WOS:000315333600006 PM 23434781 ER PT J AU Meier, AM Eastin, B Knill, E AF Meier, Adam M. Eastin, Bryan Knill, Emanuel TI MAGIC-STATE DISTILLATION WITH THE FOUR-QUBIT CODE SO QUANTUM INFORMATION & COMPUTATION LA English DT Article DE magic-state; distillation; Clifford; four-qubit code AB The distillation of magic states is an often-cited technique for enabling universal quantum computing once the error probability for a special subset of gates has been made negligible by other means. We present a routine for magic-state distillation that reduces the required overhead for a range of parameters of practical interest. Each iteration of the routine uses a four-qubit error-detecting code to distill the +1 eigenstate of the Hadamard gate at a cost of ten input states per two improved output states. Use of this routine in combination with the 15-to-1 distillation routine described by Bravyi and Kitaev allows for further improvements in overhead. C1 [Meier, Adam M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Eastin, Bryan] Northrop Grumman Coprorat, Baltimore, MD USA. [Knill, Emanuel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Meier, AM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM meieram@colorado.edu NR 10 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU RINTON PRESS, INC PI PARAMUS PA 565 EDMUND TERRACE, PARAMUS, NJ 07652 USA SN 1533-7146 J9 QUANTUM INF COMPUT JI Quantum Inform. Comput. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 13 IS 3-4 BP 195 EP 209 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Physics, Particles & Fields; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 094ZR UT WOS:000315304800002 ER PT J AU Elzey, S Tsai, DH Yu, LL Winchester, MR Kelley, ME Hackley, VA AF Elzey, Sherrie Tsai, De-Hao Yu, Lee L. Winchester, Michael R. Kelley, Michael E. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Real-time size discrimination and elemental analysis of gold nanoparticles using ES-DMA coupled to ICP-MS SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE DMA; Electrospray; Gold; Nanoparticle; ICP-MS; Quantitative analysis ID DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYSIS; COLLOIDAL GOLD; ION-MOBILITY; DRUG-DELIVERY; GAS CONVERTER; NANOTECHNOLOGY; SPECTROMETRY; ONLINE; QUANTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION AB We report the development of a hyphenated instrument with the capacity to quantitatively characterize aqueous suspended gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on a combination of gas-phase size separation, particle counting, and elemental analysis. A customized electrospray-differential mobility analyzer (ES-DMA) was used to achieve real-time upstream size discrimination. A condensation particle counter and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) were employed as downstream detectors, providing information on number density and elemental composition, respectively, of aerosolized AuNPs versus the upstream size selected by ES-DMA. A gas-exchange device was designed and optimized to improve the conversion of air flow (from the electrospray) to argon flow required to sustain the ICP-MS plasma, the key compatibility issue for instrumental hyphenation. Our work provides the proof of concept and a working prototype for utilizing this construct to successfully measure (1) number- and mass-based distributions; (2) elemental compositions of nanoparticles classified by size, where the size classification and elemental analysis are performed within a single experiment; (3) particle concentrations in both solution (before size discrimination) and aerosol (after size discrimination) phases; and (4) the number of atoms per nanoparticle or the nanoparticle density. C1 [Elzey, Sherrie; Tsai, De-Hao; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yu, Lee L.; Winchester, Michael R.; Kelley, Michael E.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX This research was performed while S.E. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. The authors thank Yonggao Yan and Mindong Li at NIST for their help with developing the customized DMA program. The authors thank Robert Cook and Julien Gigault at NIST, and Prof. Michael Zachariah at the University of Maryland, for manuscript review and helpful discussions. NR 53 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 136 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 405 IS 7 BP 2279 EP 2288 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6617-z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 091IW UT WOS:000315043800019 PM 23338753 ER PT J AU Claverie, F Malherbe, J Bier, N Molloy, JL Long, SE AF Claverie, Fanny Malherbe, Julien Bier, Naomi Molloy, John L. Long, Stephen E. TI Putting a spin on LA-ICP-MS analysis combined to isotope dilution SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Isotope dilution; LA-ICP-MS; Aerosol mixing; Spinning platform ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRACE-ELEMENT DETERMINATION; LASER-ABLATION-ICPMS; GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES; FEMTOSECOND; CALIBRATION; AEROSOLS; LI2B4O7; FUSION; SOILS AB The determination of Zn, Sr, Ba, and Pb in solid samples has been achieved by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma isotope dilution mass spectrometry using a spinning platform. The fast rotation of a sample and an isotopically enriched spike placed close together on a sample holder allowed performing the isotope dilution directly inside the ablation cell. The proportion of spike versus sample of the aerosol mixture obtained has been determined online by isotope dilution in order to correct for differences in ablation rate although both materials were placed on the axis of rotation of the motor. Homogeneous, time-stable, and reusable samples were prepared by lithium borate fusion. A unique isotopically enriched spike glass was used to analyze four Standard Reference Materials of different matrix (after a simple polishing): two sediments Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1944 and SRM 2702 and two soils SRM 2586 and SRM 2711a. The proposed method yielded mass fractions with a deviation from the certified value usually lower than 12 % and a precision of less than 9 % RSD (except for Zn in SRM 2586 and 2711a). Although direct spiking of the solid before fusion could presumably provide better isotopic mixing, the presented methodology allows the reuse of the spike glass (thus, decreasing drastically the cost of the analysis) and is relatively faster because the spike does not need to be weighted, added, and evaporated each time. These results demonstrate the potential of this newly developed method for fast analysis of solid samples using isotope dilution at a low cost. C1 [Claverie, Fanny; Malherbe, Julien; Bier, Naomi; Molloy, John L.; Long, Stephen E.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Claverie, F (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fanny_claverie@yahoo.fr NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 42 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 405 IS 7 BP 2289 EP 2299 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6645-8 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 091IW UT WOS:000315043800020 PM 23307123 ER PT J AU Menanteau, F Sifon, C Barrientos, LF Battaglia, N Bond, JR Crichton, D Das, S Devlin, MJ Dicker, S Dunner, R Gralla, M Hajian, A Hasselfield, M Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hughes, JP Infante, L Kosowsky, A Marriage, TA Marsden, D Moodley, K Niemack, MD Nolta, MR Page, LA Partridge, B Reese, ED Schmitt, BL Sievers, J Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Switzer, E Wollack, EJ AF Menanteau, Felipe Sifon, Cristobal Felipe Barrientos, L. Battaglia, Nicholas Bond, J. Richard Crichton, Devin Das, Sudeep Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Duenner, Rolando Gralla, Megan Hajian, Amir Hasselfield, Matthew Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Kosowsky, Arthur Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Page, Lyman A. Partridge, Bruce Reese, Erik D. Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sievers, Jon Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Switzer, Eric Wollack, Edward J. TI THE ATACAMA COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT CLUSTERS ON THE CELESTIAL EQUATOR SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic background radiation; cosmology: observations; galaxies: clusters: general; galaxies: distances and redshifts; large-scale structure of Universe ID DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; DARK-ENERGY CONSTRAINTS; MASSIVE GALAXY CLUSTERS; GREATER-THAN 1; DATA RELEASE; SCALING RELATIONS; ABELL CLUSTERS; SQUARE DEGREES; T RELATION; SAMPLE AB We present the optical and X-ray properties of 68 galaxy clusters selected via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect at 148 GHz by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). Our sample, from an area of 504 deg(2) centered on the celestial equator, is divided into two regions. The main region uses 270 deg(2) of the ACT survey that overlaps with the co-added ugriz imaging from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) over Stripe 82 plus additional near-infrared pointed observations with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope. We confirm a total of 49 clusters to z approximate to 1.3, of which 22 (all at z > 0.55) are new discoveries. For the second region, the regular-depth SDSS imaging allows us to confirm 19 more clusters up to z approximate to 0.7, of which 10 systems are new. We present the optical richness, photometric redshifts, and separation between the SZ position and the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG). We find no significant offset between the cluster SZ centroid and BCG location and a weak correlation between optical richness and SZ-derived mass. We also present X-ray fluxes and luminosities from the ROSAT All Sky Survey which confirm that this is a massive sample. One of the newly discovered clusters, ACT-CL J0044.4+0113 at z = 1.1 (photometric), has an integrated XMM-Newton X-ray temperature of kT(X) = 7.9 +/- 1.0 keV and combined mass of M-200a = 8.2(-2.5)(+3.3) x 10(14) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot, placing it among the most massive and X-ray-hot clusters known at redshifts beyond z = 1. We also highlight the optically rich cluster ACT-CL J2327.4-0204 (RCS2 2327) at z = 0.705 (spectroscopic) as the most significant detection of the whole equatorial sample with a Chandra-derived mass of M-200a = 1.9(-0.4)(+0.6) x 10(15) h(70)(-1) M-circle dot, placing it in the ranks of the most massive known clusters like El Gordo and the Bullet Cluster. C1 [Menanteau, Felipe; Hughes, John P.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Sifon, Cristobal; Felipe Barrientos, L.; Duenner, Rolando; Infante, Leopoldo] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Sifon, Cristobal] Leiden Univ, Leiden Observ, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Battaglia, Nicholas] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Nolta, Michael R.; Switzer, Eric] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Crichton, Devin; Gralla, Megan; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon; Reese, Erik D.; Schmitt, Benjamin L.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Durban, South Africa. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Niemack, Michael D.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Page, Lyman A.; Sievers, Jon; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Menanteau, F (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Spergel, David/A-4410-2011; Hilton, Matthew James/N-5860-2013; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074; Sifon, Cristobal/0000-0002-8149-1352 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); CONICYT; Chandra grants [GO1-12008X, GO1-13156X]; NASA ADAP [NNX11AJ48G]; CFI under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence; University of Toronto; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; National Science Foundation; U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science; SDSS-III Collaboration; University of Arizona; Brazilian Participation Group; Brookhaven National Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Carnegie Mellon University; University of Florida; French Participation Group; German Participation Group; Harvard University; Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias; Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group; Johns Hopkins University; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics; Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics; New Mexico State University; New York University; Ohio State University; Pennsylvania State University; University of Portsmouth; Spanish Participation Group; University of Tokyo; University of Utah; Vanderbilt University; University of Virginia; University of Washington; Yale University; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); [PHY-0855887]; [PHY-1214379]; [AST-0707731] FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, and PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379, and AST-0707731. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to UBC, and CONICYT awards to PUC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray studies on ACT clusters at Rutgers are supported by Chandra grants GO1-12008X, GO1-13156X and NASA ADAP grant NNX11AJ48G, respectively. Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund-Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto.; Funding for SDSS-III has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Science Foundation, and the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science. The SDSS-III Web site is http://www.sdss3.org/. SDSS-III is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium for the Participating Institutions of the SDSS-III Collaboration including the University of Arizona, the Brazilian Participation Group, Brookhaven National Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Carnegie Mellon University, University of Florida, the French Participation Group, the German Participation Group, Harvard University, the Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, the Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group, Johns Hopkins University, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, New Mexico State University, New York University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, University of Portsmouth, Princeton University, the Spanish Participation Group, University of Tokyo, University of Utah, Vanderbilt University, University of Virginia, University of Washington, and Yale University. NR 91 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 1 PY 2013 VL 765 IS 1 AR 67 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/765/1/67 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 090CZ UT WOS:000314957900067 ER PT J AU Sorenson, L McDowell, JR Knott, T Graves, JE AF Sorenson, Laurie McDowell, Jan R. Knott, Trey Graves, John E. TI Assignment test method using hypervariable markers for blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) stock identification SO CONSERVATION GENETICS RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE Makaira nigricans; Population assignment; Fisheries management ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT; MICROSATELLITE DATA; MOLECULAR VARIANCE; DNA; DETECTS; POPULATIONS; FORENSICS; SOFTWARE; SEAFOOD AB Blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) stock status varies among ocean basins, and the Atlantic-wide stock is overfished. United States regulations prohibit commercial landing, importation and sale of Atlantic blue marlin, but not of Pacific or Indian Ocean conspecifics. We genotyped 344 blue marlin of known origin and 16 samples used as unknowns at 13 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial control region. Assignment tests were conducted using GENECLASS2 to investigate the efficacy of available genotypic data to identify individual origin. We successfully discriminated Atlantic and Pacific blue marlin using genetic characters, providing more power to assign marketed blue marlin products to ocean of origin. C1 [Sorenson, Laurie; McDowell, Jan R.; Graves, John E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Sorenson, Laurie] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Knott, Trey] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Sorenson, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 610 Charles E Young Dr S,Terasaki Life Sci Bldg 2, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM lsorenson@ucla.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service Award [NA08NMF4000676] FX Research was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service Award NA08NMF4000676 (JRM & JEG). We would like to thank all of our collaborators who provided samples, and Special Agent Lynn Rios for support in Puerto Rico. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7252 J9 CONSERV GENET RESOUR JI Conserv. Genet. Resour. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 5 IS 1 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s12686-012-9747-x PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 086KP UT WOS:000314682800070 ER PT J AU Saleh, J Li, XP Wang, YM Roman, DR Smith, DA AF Saleh, Jarir Li, Xiaopeng Wang, Yan Ming Roman, Daniel R. Smith, Dru A. TI Error analysis of the NGS' surface gravity database SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Surface gravity anomaly residuals; Geoid; Errors; Biases; Crossover analysis ID GEOID DETERMINATION; SYSTEMATIC-ERRORS; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; ACCURACY; AMERICA AB Are the National Geodetic Survey's surface gravity data sufficient for supporting the computation of a 1 cm-accurate geoid? This paper attempts to answer this question by deriving a few measures of accuracy for this data and estimating their effects on the US geoid. We use a data set which comprises million gravity observations collected in 1,489 surveys. Comparisons to GRACE-derived gravity and geoid are made to estimate the long-wavelength errors. Crossover analysis and -nearest neighbor predictions are used for estimating local gravity biases and high-frequency gravity errors, and the corresponding geoid biases and high-frequency geoid errors are evaluated. Results indicate that 244 of all 1,489 surface gravity surveys have significant biases mGal, with geoid implications that reach 20 cm. Some of the biased surveys are large enough in horizontal extent to be reliably corrected by satellite-derived gravity models, but many others are not. In addition, the results suggest that the data are contaminated by high-frequency errors with an RMS of mGal. This causes high-frequency geoid errors of a few centimeters in and to the west of the Rocky Mountains and in the Appalachians and a few millimeters or less everywhere else. Finally, long-wavelength () surface gravity errors on the sub-mGal level but with large horizontal extent are found. All of the south and southeast of the USA is biased by +0.3 to +0.8 mGal and the Rocky Mountains by to mGal. These small but extensive gravity errors lead to long-wavelength geoid errors that reach 60 cm in the interior of the USA. C1 [Saleh, Jarir; Li, Xiaopeng] Earth Resources Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wang, Yan Ming; Roman, Daniel R.; Smith, Dru A.] Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Saleh, J (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol, 1315 E-W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Jarir.Saleh@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD MAR PY 2013 VL 87 IS 3 BP 203 EP 221 DI 10.1007/s00190-012-0589-9 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 090LT UT WOS:000314981300001 ER PT J AU Bauman, AG Pratchett, MS Baird, AH Riegl, B Heron, SF Feary, DA AF Bauman, Andrew G. Pratchett, Morgan S. Baird, Andrew H. Riegl, Bernhard Heron, Scott F. Feary, David A. TI Variation in the size structure of corals is related to environmental extremes in the Persian Gulf SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Coral reefs; Arabian Gulf; Coral bleaching; Climate change; Disturbance; Effects-population ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ARABIAN GULF; FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS; REEF; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCES; ASSEMBLAGES AB The size structure of coral populations is the culmination of key demographic events, including recruitment, mortality and growth, thereby providing important insights to recent ecological dynamics. Importantly, the size structure of corals reflects both intrinsic (inherent life-history characteristics) and extrinsic (enhanced mortality due to chronic or acute disturbances) forcing on local populations, enabling post-hoc assessment of spatial and taxonomic differences in susceptibility to disturbance. This study examined the size structure of four locally abundant corals (Acropora downingi, Favia pallida, Platygyra daedalea, and massive Porites spp.) in two regions of the Persian Gulf: the southern Gulf (Dubai and Abu Dhabi) and eastern Gulf (western Musandam). Significant and consistent differences were apparent in mean colony sizes and size-distributions between regions. All corals in the southern Gulf were significantly smaller, and their size structure positively skewed and relatively more leptokurtic (i.e., peaky) compared to corals in the eastern Gulf. Sea surface temperatures, salinity, and the recent frequency of mass bleaching are all higher, in the southern Gulf, suggesting higher mortality rates and/or slower growth in these populations. Differences in size structure between locations were more pronounced than differences between species at each location, suggesting that extreme differences in environmental conditions and disturbance events have a greater influence on population dynamics in the Gulf than inherent differences in their life-history characteristics. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bauman, Andrew G.; Pratchett, Morgan S.; Baird, Andrew H.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Riegl, Bernhard] Nova SE Univ, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL USA. [Heron, Scott F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, Scott F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Marine Geophys Lab, Dept Phys, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Feary, David A.] Univ Technol Sydney, Sch Environm, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. RP Bauman, AG (reprint author), James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM Andrew.Bauman@my.jcu.edu.au RI Baird, Andrew/C-8449-2009; Pratchett, Morgan /A-9256-2010; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; OI Baird, Andrew/0000-0001-8504-4077; Pratchett, Morgan /0000-0002-1862-8459; Riegl, Bernhard/0000-0002-6003-9324 FU James Cook University; Nakheel-United Nations University-INWEH; New York University Abu Dhabi FX This research was funded in part by the James Cook University Postgraduate Research Scholarship, the Nakheel-United Nations University-INWEH joint research program "Strategic Management of Marine Ecosystems", and in part by New York University Abu Dhabi. We thank J. Burt and M. Bernardo for assistance with field and logistical support, and J. Metzger of the Naval Research Laboratory for providing the HYCOM output. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 56 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 84 BP 43 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.11.007 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 090VE UT WOS:000315007300006 PM 23245870 ER PT J AU Somnay, Y Eide, J Jaskula-Sztul, R Harrison, A Simon, K Kunnimalaiyaan, S Chen, H Kunnimalaiyaan, M AF Somnay, Yash Eide, Jake Jaskula-Sztul, Renata Harrison, April Simon, Kevin Kunnimalaiyaan, Selvi Chen, Herbert Kunnimalaiyaan, Muthusamy TI Targeting Achaete-scute Complex-like1 (ASCL1): A Regulator of Carcinoid Growth and Phenotype SO PANCREAS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Somnay, Yash; Eide, Jake; Jaskula-Sztul, Renata; Harrison, April; Simon, Kevin; Kunnimalaiyaan, Selvi; Chen, Herbert; Kunnimalaiyaan, Muthusamy] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Surg, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, ESRL,Wisconsin Inst Med Res 3028, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-3177 J9 PANCREAS JI Pancreas PD MAR PY 2013 VL 42 IS 2 BP 382 EP 382 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 090JL UT WOS:000314975200082 ER PT J AU Shimose, K Xue, M Palmer, RD Gao, JD Cheong, BL Bodine, DJ AF Shimose, Ken-ichi Xue, Ming Palmer, Robert D. Gao, Jidong Cheong, Boon Leng Bodine, David J. TI Two-dimensional variational analysis of near-surface moisture from simulated radar refractivity-related phase change observations SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE radar refractivity; variational analysis; low-level moisture ID PROSPECTUS DEVELOPMENT TEAM; WEATHER RESEARCH-PROGRAM; HORIZONTAL CONVECTIVE ROLLS; WATER-VAPOR OBSERVATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; RETRIEVAL; FILTERS; PREDICTION; INITIATION; IHOP-2002 AB Because they are most sensitive to atmospheric moisture content, radar refractivity observations can provide high-resolution information about the highly variable low-level moisture field. In this study, simulated radar refractivity-related phase-change data were created using a radar simulator from realistic highresolution model simulation data for a dryline case. These data were analyzed using the 2DVAR system developed specifically for the phase-change data. Two sets of experiments with the simulated observations were performed, one assuming a uniform target spacing of 250 m and one assuming nonuniform spacing between 250 m to 4 km. Several sources of observation error were considered, and their impacts were examined. They included errors due to ground target position uncertainty, typical random errors associated with radar measurements, and gross error due to phase wrapping. Without any additional information, the 2DVAR system was incapable of dealing with phase-wrapped data directly. When there was no phase wrapping in the data, the 2DVAR produced excellent analyses, even in the presence of both position uncertainty and random radar measurement errors. When a separate pre-processing step was applied to unwrap the phase-wrapped data, quality moisture analyses were again obtained, although the analyses were smoother due to the reduced effective resolution of the observations by interpolation and smoothing involved in the unwrapping procedure. The unwrapping procedure was effective even when significant differences existed between the analyzed state and the state at a reference time. The results affirm the promise of using radar refractivity phase-change measurements for near-surface moisture analysis. C1 [Shimose, Ken-ichi; Xue, Ming; Gao, Jidong] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Shimose, Ken-ichi] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Xue, Ming; Palmer, Robert D.; Bodine, David J.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Palmer, Robert D.; Cheong, Boon Leng; Bodine, David J.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gao, Jidong] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Bodine, David/B-5023-2014; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; National Science Foundation [AGS-0750790]; NSF [AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, AGS-1046081] FX Drs. Michihiro TESHIBA, Ming HU and Yunheng WANG provided great support during this work. The authors also wish to thank Dr. Yoshi SASAKI for many helpful suggestions. K. SHIMOSE was supported by the Research Fellowship for Young Scientists by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. This work was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. AGS-0750790). M. XUE was also supported by the NSF grants (Grant Nos. AGS-0802888, OCI-0905040, AGS-0941491, AGS-1046171, and AGS-1046081). NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 30 IS 2 BP 291 EP 305 DI 10.1007/s00376-012-2087-7 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 087FU UT WOS:000314747500004 ER PT J AU Mandelman, JW Cicia, AM Ingram, GW Driggers, WB Coutre, KM Sulikowski, JA AF Mandelman, J. W. Cicia, A. M. Ingram, G. W., Jr. Driggers, W. B., III Coutre, K. M. Sulikowski, J. A. TI Short-term post-release mortality of skates (family Rajidae) discarded in a western North Atlantic commercial otter trawl fishery SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Skate; Trawl; Tow; Post-release; Discard; Mortality ID PACIFIC HALIBUT; SURVIVAL; EXPOSURE; BYCATCH; CAUGHT; AGE; GROWTH; MAINE; GULF; AIR AB Due to market and regulatory factors, Rajidae skates are routinely discarded by commercial otter trawlers in the western North Atlantic. Accounting for post-release mortality is therefore essential to total fishing mortality estimates, stock status and management of this group of fishes. However, despite a presumed species-specific range in tolerance, few studies have investigated the short-term post-release mortality among skates indigenous to the western North Atlantic following capture by mobile fishing gears, and never in the Gulf of Maine. This study addresses this shortfall for the prohibited thorny skate, Amblyraja radiate and smooth skate, Malacoraja senta, and the targeted winter skate, Leucoraja ocellata, and little skate, Leucoraja erinacea. Of 1288 skates evaluated, negligible immediate mortality was observed at the time of capture, even in relation to the largest catches and/or most prolonged tows. However, injury frequency was moderate, with highest levels in the smooth (60%) and thorny (52%) skates. Aside from the smooth skate (59%), 72 h mortality rates were low overall (19% across all species when accounting tow durations indicative of the fishery), with the winter skate (8%) exhibiting the lowest levels. Logistic regression modeling revealed tow duration as the most universal predictor of condition and 72 h mortality, while catch biomass, sex, temperature changes, and animal size also held influence in certain species. Although in general the studied species appear more resilient to trawl capture and handling than previously estimated, interspecific differences must be accounted for when managing this group. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Mandelman, J. W.] New England Aquarium, John H Prescott Marine Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. [Cicia, A. M.; Coutre, K. M.; Sulikowski, J. A.] Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Ingram, G. W., Jr.; Driggers, W. B., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Mandelman, JW (reprint author), New England Aquarium, John H Prescott Marine Lab, Boston, MA 02110 USA. EM jmandelman@neaq.org FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Region (Saltonstall-Kennedy (S-K) award); National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1144249] FX The authors wish to thank the numerous undergraduate, post-graduate, and graduate students from the Sulikowski Lab at the University of New England (UNE) and New England Aquarium (NEAq) for assistance in fieldwork during the course of the study. Deckhands aboard the F/V Mystique Lady and F/V Lady Victoria also provided invaluable support during field operations. Funding for this work was provided by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Region (Saltonstall-Kennedy (S-K) award to J.W.M.). In addition, A.M.C. was partially supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1144249. Animal care and use for various portions of this work was sanctioned by both UNE (IACUC approval # UNE03-2010) and the NEAq (IACUC approval # 08-05). NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 BP 76 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.09.020 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081OI UT WOS:000314331100012 ER PT J AU Bernard, AM Shivji, MS Domingues, RR Hazin, FHV de Amorim, AF Domingo, A Arocha, F Prince, ED Hoolihan, JP Hilsdorf, AWS AF Bernard, Andrea M. Shivji, Mahmood S. Domingues, Rodrigo Rodrigues Vieira Hazin, Fabio Hissa de Amorim, Alberto Ferreira Domingo, Andres Arocha, Freddy Prince, Eric D. Hoolihan, John P. Silva Hilsdorf, Alexandre Wagner TI Broad geographic distribution of roundscale spearfish (Tetrapturus georgii) (Teleostei, Istiophoridae) in the Atlantic revealed by DNA analysis: Implications for white marlin and roundscale spearfish management SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisheries management; Species identification; Kajikia albida; Mitochondrial DNA; Billfish ID BILLFISHES AB The recent validation of the roundscale spearfish (Tetrapturus georgii) within the western North Atlantic has introduced new complexities in the management of the overfished white marlin (Kajikia albida) in this region due to historical and contemporary misidentification between the two morphologically similar species. Compounding the management challenge for white marlin, which is currently assessed as a single Atlantic-wide stock, is an unclear picture of the extent of the roundscale spearfish's overall Atlantic distribution. By using genetic tools (mitochondrial DNA ND4L-ND4 locus sequences) for species identification, we confirm that the roundscale spearfish has a much broader distribution than previously known, including the central North Atlantic and much of the western South Atlantic to at least 28 degrees 52'S. This much wider Atlantic distribution of the roundscale spearfish sympatric with its morphologically similar congeners, the white marlin and longbill spearfish (Tetrapturus pfluegeri), raises further management complexities: it increases the geographic scale for species misidentification in catch records that form the basis for stock assessments and uncertainty in currently accepted white marlin biological parameters. Additional vigilance in obtaining accurate species identification by improved fishery onboard observer training and incorporation of genetic tools is recommended for informing management of white marlin, longbill spearfish and roundscale spearfish throughout the Atlantic. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bernard, Andrea M.; Shivji, Mahmood S.] Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Guy Harvey Res Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. [Domingues, Rodrigo Rodrigues; de Amorim, Alberto Ferreira] Agencia Paulista Tecnol Agronegocios, Inst Pesca, BR-11030906 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Vieira Hazin, Fabio Hissa] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Pesca & Aquicultura, BR-52171032 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Domingo, Andres] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuat, Lab Recursos Pelag, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay. [Arocha, Freddy] Univ Oriente, Inst Oceanog Venezuela, Cumana 6101, Venezuela. [Prince, Eric D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hoolihan, John P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Domingues, Rodrigo Rodrigues; Silva Hilsdorf, Alexandre Wagner] Univ Mogi das Cruzes, Nucleo Integrado Biotecnol, BR-08701970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Shivji, MS (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Guy Harvey Res Inst, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM mahmood@nova.edu RI Domingues, Rodrigo/A-5269-2013 FU NOAA/NMFS SEFSC; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Graduate Fellowship; Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation; Brazilian Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture; Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes; Unidade de Biotecnologia; FAPESP [proc. 2009/54660-6]; Agencia Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegocios, Instituto de Pesca; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA1RJ1266] FX This work was supported by funding from NOAA/NMFS SEFSC, a National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada Graduate Fellowship (AMB), The Guy Harvey Ocean Foundation, The Brazilian Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, Unidade de Biotecnologia, FAPESP (proc. 2009/54660-6), and Agencia Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegocios, Instituto de Pesca. We thank S. Teter for creating Fig. 1 map. This research was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA1RJ1266. The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 BP 93 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.10.009 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081OI UT WOS:000314331100014 ER PT J AU Walden, JB AF Walden, John B. TI Economic health of the northeast (US) multispecies trawl fleet 1996-2010 SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Fisher Index; Multispecies fishery; Prices; Costs ID COMMON-PROPERTY RESOURCE; PRODUCTIVITY; FISHERY AB The United States northeast multispecies trawl fleet has undergone significant regulatory changes over the past 15 years, leading to a substantial reduction in fishing vessels. Given the changes that have occurred, it is important to systematically measure and monitor the economic status of the fleet. This is accomplished through construction of an "economic health index" that combines data on quantities of fish landed, their prices, along with inputs used, such as fuel and crew, into four basket type indexes which are combined into a single index number. A fifth component, incorporating fixed costs, is then included to arrive at the final index number. Results show that the fleet's economic status has improved since 1996, and that the improvement has been driven by productivity gains. The analysis also shows that inflation adjusted ex-vessel prices have not increased since 1996, while the costs of inputs used on fishing trips have increased. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Walden, JB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM John.Walden@Noaa.Gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 139 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.10.002 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 081OI UT WOS:000314331100015 ER PT J AU Woodworth-Jefcoats, PA Polovina, JJ Dunne, JP Blanchard, JL AF Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Dunne, John P. Blanchard, Julia L. TI Ecosystem size structure response to 21st century climate projection: large fish abundance decreases in the central North Pacific and increases in the California Current SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; size structure; North Pacific; catch; ecosystem model; biomes ID BODY-SIZE; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; OCEAN; SPECTRA; PHYTOPLANKTON; FISHERIES; MODELS; SCALE; CHLOROPHYLL AB Output from an earth system model is paired with a size-based food web model to investigate the effects of climate change on the abundance of large fish over the 21st century. The earth system model, forced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special report on emission scenario A2, combines a coupled climate model with a biogeochemical model including major nutrients, three phytoplankton functional groups, and zooplankton grazing. The size-based food web model includes linkages between two size-structured pelagic communities: primary producers and consumers. Our investigation focuses on seven sites in the North Pacific, each highlighting a specific aspect of projected climate change, and includes top-down ecosystem depletion through fishing. We project declines in large fish abundance ranging from 0 to 75.8% in the central North Pacific and increases of up to 43.0% in the California Current (CC) region over the 21st century in response to change in phytoplankton size structure and direct physiological effects. We find that fish abundance is especially sensitive to projected changes in large phytoplankton density and our model projects changes in the abundance of large fish being of the same order of magnitude as changes in the abundance of large phytoplankton. Thus, studies that address only climate-induced impacts to primary production without including changes to phytoplankton size structure may not adequately project ecosystem responses. C1 [Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A.; Polovina, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Blanchard, Julia L.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Anim & Plant Sci, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. RP Woodworth-Jefcoats, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM phoebe.woodworth-jefcoats@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Blanchard, Julia/E-4919-2010 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Blanchard, Julia/0000-0003-0532-4824 FU Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research FX We thank Melanie Abecassis, Evan Howell, Kyle Van Houtan, and two anonymous reviewers for reviews that greatly improved this manuscript. We also thank the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research for funding JLB's visiting scientist travel. The Ferret program was used for analysis and graphics in this paper. Ferret is a product of NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (information is available at http://ferret.pmel.noaa.gov/Ferret/). NR 48 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 83 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 19 IS 3 BP 724 EP 733 DI 10.1111/gcb.12076 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 080CV UT WOS:000314219700005 PM 23504830 ER PT J AU Edwards, PET Sutton-Grier, AE Coyle, GE AF Edwards, P. E. T. Sutton-Grier, A. E. Coyle, G. E. TI Investing in nature: Restoring coastal habitat blue infrastructure and green job creation SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Economic impact; Coastal and marine habitat restoration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Green jobs; Blue infrastructure ID RESTORATION AB This study examines the economic impact of the expenditures from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009 that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) administered for coastal habitat restoration projects around the United States. Estimates of the total jobs created as well as the average number of jobs created per million dollars spent are provided. The study shows that the 50 ARRA projects administered by NOAA in the first year and half generated a total of 1409 jobs. These habitat restoration projects created, on average, 17 jobs per million dollars spent which is similar to other conservation industries such as parks and land conservation, and much higher than other traditional industries including coal, gas, and nuclear energy generation. This suggests that habitat restoration is indeed an effective way to stimulate job creation. In addition, habitat restoration has longer-term economic benefits, including future job creation in rebuilt fisheries and coastal tourism, and benefits to coastal economies including higher property values and better water quality. Therefore, investing in blue infrastructure habitat restoration is a green opportunity benefiting coastal economies and societies in both the short and the long term. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Edwards, P. E. T.; Sutton-Grier, A. E.] NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Edwards, P. E. T.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Sutton-Grier, A. E.] Earth Resources Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Coyle, G. E.] Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. RP Edwards, PET (reprint author), NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, SSMC3,Room 14000, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM peter.edwards@noaa.gov; ariana.sutton-grier@noaa.gov; gcoyle@wesleyan.edu OI Sutton-Grier, Ariana/0000-0002-1242-7728 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 BP 65 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.05.020 PG 7 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 073UW UT WOS:000313769600008 ER PT J AU Patrick, WS Benaka, LR AF Patrick, Wesley S. Benaka, Lee R. TI Estimating the economic impacts of bycatch in US commercial fisheries SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Conservation engineering; Forgone yield; Fisheries management; Input-output model; Optimum yield; Regulatory discards ID MARINE CONSERVATION; BY-CATCH; MANAGEMENT; CHALLENGES; RESOURCES; QUOTAS AB Bycatch presents a challenge to optimizing yield in commercial fisheries, where bycatch can total more than 1 million mt per year in the United States. Yet the economic impacts of bycatch have rarely been evaluated in the scientific literature. These economic impacts largely occur from the loss of landings through (1) early closure of fisheries when catch limits of bycatch species are reached; and (2) discards of marketable catch due to regulatory requirements in the fishery. This paper illustrates the economic impacts of early closures due to bycatch in U.S. fisheries by describing past case studies, as well as evaluating the economic impacts of discarding fish in U.S. commercial fisheries. Premature closures in the fisheries reviewed resulted in potential losses ranging from $34.4 million to $453.0 million annually. Nationally, bycatch estimates in the form of regulatory discards are annually reducing the potential yield of fisheries by $427.0 million in ex-vessel revenues, and as much as $4.2 billion in seafood-related sales, $1.5 billion in income, and 64,000 jobs. Our review also shows that some of the most promising work to reduce bycatch over the last decade has been the development of gears or gear modifications, termed "conservation engineering." Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.; Benaka, Lee R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM wesley.patrick@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 38 BP 470 EP 475 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2012.07.007 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 073UW UT WOS:000313769600052 ER PT J AU Vasudevan, AK Moody, NR Holroyd, NJH Ricker, RE AF Vasudevan, A. K. Moody, N. R. Holroyd, N. J. H. Ricker, R. E. TI International Symposium on the Environmental Damage under Static and Cyclic Loads in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures-II Foreword SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vasudevan, A. K.] Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. [Moody, N. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. [Holroyd, N. J. H.] Luxfer Gas Cylinders, Riverside, CA USA. [Ricker, R. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vasudevan, AK (reprint author), Off Naval Res, Arlington, VA 22217 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44A IS 3 BP 1163 EP 1163 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1537-2 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082BK UT WOS:000314366500004 ER PT J AU Wiederhorn, SM Fett, T Rizzi, G Hoffmann, MJ Guin, JP AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Fett, Theo Rizzi, Gabriele Hoffmann, Michael J. Guin, Jean-Pierre TI Water Penetration-Its Effect on the Strength and Toughness of Silica Glass SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Environmental Damage under Static and Cyclic Loads in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures-II CY AUG 14-19, 2011 CL Krakow, POLAND ID DRILLED COMPRESSION SPECIMEN; CRACK-GROWTH; STATIC FATIGUE; FRACTURE; TEMPERATURE; ENERGY; RANGE AB When a crack forms in silica glass, the surrounding environment flows into the crack opening, and water from the environment reacts with the glass to promote crack growth. A chemical reaction between water and the strained crack-tip bonds is commonly regarded as the cause of subcritical crack growth in glass. In silica glass, water can also have a secondary effect on crack growth. By penetrating into the glass, water generates a zone of swelling and, hence, creates a compression zone around the crack tip and on the newly formed fracture surfaces. This zone of compression acts as a fracture mechanics shield to the stresses at the crack tip, modifying both the strength and subcritical crack growth resistance of the glass. Water penetration is especially apparent in silica glass because of its low density and the fact that it contains no modifier ions. Using diffusion data from the literature, we show that the diffusion of water into silica glass can explain several significant experimental observations that have been reported on silica glass, including (1) the strengthening of silica glass by soaking the glass in water at elevated temperatures, (2) the observation of permanent crack face displacements near the crack tip of a silica specimen that had been soaked in water under load, and (3) the observation of high concentrations of water close to the fracture surfaces that had been formed in water. These effects are consistent with a model suggesting that crack growth in silica glass is modified by a physical swelling of the glass around the crack tip. An implication of water-induced swelling during fracture is that silica glass is more resistant to crack growth than it would be if swelling did not occur. C1 [Wiederhorn, Sheldon M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fett, Theo; Rizzi, Gabriele; Hoffmann, Michael J.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Appl Mat, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Guin, Jean-Pierre] Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Larmaur ERL CNRS 6274, F-35000 Rennes, France. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheldon.wiederhorn@nist.gov RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44A IS 3 BP 1164 EP 1174 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1333-z PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082BK UT WOS:000314366500005 ER PT J AU Ricker, RE Lee, EU Taylor, R Lei, C Pregger, B Lipnickas, E AF Ricker, R. E. Lee, E. U. Taylor, R. Lei, C. Pregger, B. Lipnickas, E. TI Chloride Ion Activity and Susceptibility of Al Alloys 7075-T6 and 5083-H131 to Stress Corrosion Cracking SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on the Environmental Damage under Static and Cyclic Loads in Structural Materials at Ambient Temperatures-II CY AUG 14-19, 2011 CL Krakow, POLAND ID THERMODYNAMIC ACTIVITY QUANTITIES; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; DISSOLUTION RATES; CLOSED SYSTEMS; AQUEOUS SODIUM; 25-DEGREES-C; COPPER; REEVALUATION; 20-DEGREES-C; PASSIVITY AB The influence of chloride ion activity on the susceptibility of aluminum alloys 5083-H131 and 7075-T6 to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was investigated by conducting slow strain-rate tensile tests at a strain-rate of 10(-7) s(-1) in naturally aerated aqueous solutions with varying NaCl mass fraction (0.001 to 20 pct) and in a 3.5 pct mass fraction NaCl solution with varying strain-rates (10(-8) to 10(-4) s(-1)). This study found that both alloys exhibited reduced strengths and failure strains (times) in the solutions compared with laboratory air. The extent of these reductions was greater in alloy 5083 for the conditions examined. The strength and ductility of both alloys decreased with chloride ion activity in a manner that indicates a chemical reaction is responsible. The strength and ductility of both alloys decreased with strain-rate in a sigmoidal manner, but the transition in alloy 7075 occurred at slower strain-rates of approximately two orders of magnitude. It was deduced that the chloride ion interacts chemically with the passivated surface in the potential gradient at the crack tip to cause SCC. While no mechanism of cracking can be eliminated on the basis of these results alone, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that the absorbed hydrogen causes cracking in alloy 7075 while cracking in 5083 is the result of a dissolution mechanism. C1 [Ricker, R. E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, E. U.; Taylor, R.; Lei, C.; Pregger, B.; Lipnickas, E.] USN, Mat Engn Div, Air Warfare Ctr, Div Aircraft, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eun.lee@navy.mil RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 FU Office of Naval Research at the Naval Air Systems Command [N0001412AF00002] FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for supporting this investigation at the Naval Air Systems Command (Reference No. N0001412AF00002). Special thanks are due to Drs. R. Williams and A. K. Vasudevan, and Mr. W. C. Nickerson for monitoring and providing technical guidance to this study. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 44A IS 3 BP 1353 EP 1364 DI 10.1007/s11661-012-1500-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 082BK UT WOS:000314366500020 ER PT J AU Akin, HL Ito, N Jacoff, A Kleiner, A Pellenz, J Visser, A AF Akin, H. Levent Ito, Nobuhiro Jacoff, Adam Kleiner, Alexander Pellenz, Johannes Visser, Arnoud TI RoboCup Rescue Robot and Simulation Leagues SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIAGENT; COORDINATION; TEAMS AB The RoboCup Rescue Robot and Simulation competitions have been held since 2000. The experience gained during these competitions has increased the maturity level of the field, which allowed deploying robots after real disasters (for example, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster). This article provides an overview of these competitions and highlights the state of the art and the lessons learned. C1 [Akin, H. Levent] Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. [Akin, H. Levent; Jacoff, Adam] RoboCup Federat, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Ito, Nobuhiro] Aichi Inst Technol, Fac Informat Sci, Toyota, Aichi, Japan. [Jacoff, Adam] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kleiner, Alexander] Linkoping Univ, S-58183 Linkoping, Sweden. [Visser, Arnoud] Univ Amsterdam, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Visser, Arnoud] Dutch RoboCup Comm, Eindhoven, Netherlands. RP Akin, HL (reprint author), Bogazici Univ, TR-80815 Bebek, Turkey. RI Akin, H. Levent/N-5655-2015; Visser, Arnoud/J-9800-2013 OI Akin, H. Levent/0000-0003-0439-8805; Visser, Arnoud/0000-0002-7525-7017 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SPR PY 2013 VL 34 IS 1 BP 78 EP 86 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA AI5FV UT WOS:000336891700008 ER PT J AU Faddis, KN Matey, JR Stracener, J AF Faddis, Kelly N. Matey, James R. Stracener, Jerrell TI Improving tactical biometric systems through the application of systems engineering SO IET BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION AB To date, the impact of tactical biometric systems has been limited by designs driven by subsystem performance metrics and little consideration for the operational environment in which they are deployed. The design of these systems may be significantly improved by the application of systems engineering practices that consider these and other factors. This study discusses limitations of the current system design approach and proposes a methodology to improve designs. These improvements in design have the potential to dramatically increase the effectiveness and acceptance of biometric technologies in operational environments. C1 [Faddis, Kelly N.; Stracener, Jerrell] So Methodist Univ, Engn Management Informat & Syst Dept, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. [Matey, James R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Faddis, KN (reprint author), So Methodist Univ, Engn Management Informat & Syst Dept, Dallas, TX 75275 USA. EM kfaddis@iirdp.com FU US Department of Defense FX This work was made possible by the support and access provided by the US Department of Defense. The researchers were provided with unique access to the war fighters using the technology; this provided valuable insights into the CONOPS, use and effectiveness of tactical biometric devices. We thank the Department of Defense and its officers, enlisted personnel and civilian staff for their time and their expertise. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 2047-4938 EI 2047-4946 J9 IET BIOMETRICS JI IET Biom. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 2 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1049/iet-bmt.2012.0056 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA AW9EW UT WOS:000346561200001 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, J AF Gonzalez, Jorge TI BUILDINGS, SUSTAINABILITY AND IMPACTS FOR THE MECHANICAL ENGINEER SO MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gonzalez, Jorge] ASME, New York, NY 10016 USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge] Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil Grad Initiat, New York, NY USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge] NOAA, CREST, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Gonzalez, Jorge] CUNY City Coll, New York, NY USA. RP Gonzalez, J (reprint author), ASME, New York, NY 10016 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0025-6501 EI 1943-5649 J9 MECH ENG JI Mech. Eng. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 135 IS 3 BP 8 EP 9 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AQ0PE UT WOS:000342484400006 ER PT J AU Pitman, R AF Pitman, Robert TI THE NATURAL EXPLANATION SO NATURAL HISTORY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Pitman, R (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURAL HISTORY MAGAZINE PI NEW YORK PA 36 WEST 25TH STREET, FIFTH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0028-0712 J9 NAT HIST JI Nat. Hist. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 121 IS 2 BP 4 EP 4 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA V40FI UT WOS:000209464100001 ER PT J AU da Silva, MAVR da Silva, MDMCR Ferreira, AIMCL Shi, Q Woodfield, BF Goldberg, RN AF Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A. V. Ribeiro da Silva, Maria D. M. C. Lobo Ferreira, Ana I. M. C. Shi, Quan Woodfield, Brian F. Goldberg, Robert N. TI Thermochemistry of alpha-D-xylose(cr) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Calorimetry; Combustion; Enthalpy; Entropy; Heat capacity; Thermochemistry; alpha-D-xylose ID DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTION; MOLAR HEAT-CAPACITY; THERMODYNAMIC FUNCTIONS; PROTON DISSOCIATION; XYLOSE ISOMERASE; ENTHALPIES; COMBUSTION; XYLULOSE; WATER; ISOMERIZATION AB The thermochemistry of alpha-D-xylose(cr) was studied by means of oxygen bomb calorimetry and a Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) in zero magnetic field. The sample of alpha-D-xylose(cr) used in this study was one well-characterized by HPLC, Karl Fischer analysis, NMR, and by carbon dioxide analysis. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion was found to be Delta H-c(m)o = -(2342.2 +/- 0.8) kJ.mol(-1) at T = 298.15 K and at the standard pressure p degrees = 0.1 MPa. The standard molar heat capacity for alpha-D-xylose(cr) was measured with the PPMS over the temperature range 1.9001 <= T/K <= 303.66. At T = 298.15 K, C-p,m(o) = (178.1 +/- 1.8) J.K-1.mol(-1). The values of C-p,m(o) were fit as a function of T by using theoretical and empirical models for appropriate temperature ranges. The results of these fits were used to calculate values of C-p,m(o), the entropy increment Delta S-T(0)m(o), Delta H-T(0)m(o), and Phi(o)(m) = (Delta S-T(0)m(o) - Delta H-T(0)m(o)/T) from T = 0.5 K to T = 300 K. Derived quantities for alpha-D-xylose(cr) are the standard molar enthalpy of formation Delta H-f(m)o = -(1054.5 +/- 1.1) kJ.mol(-1), the third law standard molar entropy S-m(o) = (175.3 +/- 1.9) J.K-1.mol(-1), and the standard molar Gibbs energy of formation Delta(f)G(m)(o) = -(750.5 +/- 1.0) kJ.mol(-1). A comparison of values of Delta H-c(m)o and S-m(o) for the five-carbon aldoses demonstrated a striking similarity in the values of these respective properties for alpha-D-xylose(cr), D-ribose(cr), and D-arabinose(cr). Thermochemical network calculations were performed that led to values of the standard formation properties at T = 298.15 K for a variety of biochemical substances: D-xylose(aq), D-xylose(aq), D-xylose(2) (aq), D-lyxose(cr and aq), D-lyxose (aq), D-xylulose(aq), xylitol(aq), 1,4-beta-D-xylobiose(am and aq), and 1,4-beta-D-xylotriose(am and aq). (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ribeiro da Silva, Manuel A. V.; Ribeiro da Silva, Maria D. M. C.; Lobo Ferreira, Ana I. M. C.] Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Quim, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fac Sci, P-4169007 Oporto, Portugal. [Shi, Quan; Woodfield, Brian F.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Goldberg, Robert N.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldberg, RN (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM risilva@fc.up.pt; mdsilva@fc.up.pt; ana.ferreira@fc.up.pt; shiquandicp@gmail.com; Brian_Woodfield@byu.edu; robert.goldberg@nist.gov RI Lobo Ferreira, Ana /J-3411-2013; Shi, Quan/D-2691-2016; Shi, Quan/K-9616-2013; Ribeiro da Silva, Maria/N-4255-2013 OI Shi, Quan/0000-0002-8792-0533; Lobo Ferreira, Ana/0000-0002-2388-8538; Ribeiro da Silva, Maria/0000-0003-0482-0308 NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 40 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 58 BP 20 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2012.09.028 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 073AO UT WOS:000313715800004 ER PT J AU Chang, KS Green, ML Levin, I De Gendt, S AF Chang, K. -S. Green, M. L. Levin, I. De Gendt, S. TI Combinatorial screening of work functions in Ta-C-N/HfO2/Si advanced gate stacks SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Sputtering; Refractory metals; Thin films; Electrical properties; Combinatorial methodology ID OXIDES; DIELECTRICS AB This paper reports a comprehensive investigation into the effects of the C and N contents and temperature anneals on the electrical characteristics of Ta-C-N/HfO2/Si advanced gate stacks (equivalent oxide thicknesses of similar to 1.0-1.6 nm) using a combinatorial methodology. The work functions (Phi(m)) of Ta-C-N, with higher C and N, can be tuned up to similar to 5.1 eV after 900 degrees C anneals, suggesting a promising p-type gate metal for complementary metal-oxide semiconductor applications. (c) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Chang, K. -S.] NCKU, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tainan, Taiwan. [Chang, K. -S.] NCKU, PCGMR, Tainan, Taiwan. [Green, M. L.; Levin, I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [De Gendt, S.] IMEC VZW, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Chang, KS (reprint author), NCKU, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Tainan, Taiwan. EM kschang@mail.ncku.edu.tw FU National Science Council in Taiwan [NSC100-2221-E-006-145]; National Cheng Kung University Project of Promoting Academic Excellence & Developing World Class Research Centers [D101-23010] FX This work was supported by the National Science Council in Taiwan (NSC100-2221-E-006-145) and the National Cheng Kung University Project of Promoting Academic Excellence & Developing World Class Research Centers (D101-23010). NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 68 IS 5 BP 333 EP 336 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.11.006 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 077EZ UT WOS:000314012000028 ER PT J AU McGovern, A Troutman, N Brown, RA Williams, JK Abernethy, J AF McGovern, Amy Troutman, Nathaniel Brown, Rodger A. Williams, John K. Abernethy, Jennifer TI Enhanced spatiotemporal relational probability trees and forests SO DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY LA English DT Article DE Spatiotemporal relational learning; Statistical relational learning; Hazardous weather ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; UPPER-LEVEL TURBULENCE; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; CLASSIFICATION; REPRESENTATION; ALGORITHMS; TORNADOES; NETWORKS AB Many real world domains are inherently spatiotemporal in nature. In this work, we introduce significant enhancements to two spatiotemporal relational learning methods, the spatiotemporal relational probability tree and the spatiotemporal relational random forest, that increase their ability to learn using spatiotemporal data. We enabled the models to formulate questions on both objects and the scalar and vector fields within and around objects, allowing the models to differentiate based on the gradient, divergence, and curl and to recognize the shape of point clouds defined by fields. This enables the model to ask questions about the change of a shape over time or about its orientation. These additions are validated on several real-world hazardous weather datasets. We demonstrate that these additions enable the models to learn robust classifiers that outperform the versions without these new additions. In addition, analysis of the learned models shows that the findings are consistent with current meteorological theories. C1 [McGovern, Amy; Troutman, Nathaniel] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Williams, John K.; Abernethy, Jennifer] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP McGovern, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, 100 W Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM amcgovern@ou.edu; nathanieltroutman@gmail.com; Rodger.Brown@noaa.gov; jkwillia@ucar.edu; jabernet75@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation [NSF/IIS/0746816]; NASA [NNX08AL89G] FX The authors thank Jason Craig, David J. Gagne II, Nathan Hiers, Gregory Meymaris, Timothy Supinie, and Derek Rosendahl for their work in generating some of the data used in this research. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF/IIS/0746816 and by NASA under Grant No. NNX08AL89G. Much of the computing for this project was performed at the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research (OSCER) at the University of Oklahoma (OU). NR 76 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-5810 J9 DATA MIN KNOWL DISC JI Data Min. Knowl. Discov. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 26 IS 2 BP 398 EP 433 DI 10.1007/s10618-012-0261-2 PG 36 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA 069PI UT WOS:000313448400006 ER PT J AU Yang, YB Chen, XG Guo, S Yan, AR Huang, QZ Wu, MM Chen, DF Yang, YC Yang, JB AF Yang, Y. B. Chen, X. G. Guo, S. Yan, A. R. Huang, Q. Z. Wu, M. M. Chen, D. F. Yang, Y. C. Yang, J. B. TI Temperature dependences of structure and coercivity for melt-spun MnBi compound SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Lattice constant; Magnetic moment; Coercivity; MnBi ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; PHASE AB Low temperature phase MnBi compound was prepared by annealing the melt-spun amorphous MnBi ribbons. Temperature dependences of structure, magnetization and coercivity were investigated using neutron/X-ray powder diffraction and magnetic measurements. It is found that the lattice parameter c/a ratio of the MnBi increases with the increasing temperature and finally reaches a maximum of 1.433 around 600 K. No structural phase transition is observed at 633 K. Especially, the lattice constants of MnBi at 700 K are a=b =4.30919 angstrom, and c=6.17521 angstrom, which are not in accordance with the previous data for bulk MnBi. Magnetic moment of Mn atom tends to lie in the ab-plane at 10 K, and turns to align along c-axis around 90 K. The growth of LTP MnBi grains is observed above 500 K, which increases the content of MnBi. The coercivity of MnBi shows a positive temperature coefficient, reaches a maximum of 2.5 T at 540 K, and decreases to 1.8 T at 610 K. The temperature dependence of the coercivity is related to the change of magnetocrystalline anisotropy, and shows strong dependence on the sizes of MnBi particles. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Y. B.; Chen, X. G.; Yang, Y. C.; Yang, J. B.] Peking Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Guo, S.; Yan, A. R.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Huang, Q. Z.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Wu, M. M.; Chen, D. F.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Yang, JB (reprint author), Peking Univ, Dept Phys, State Key Lab Mesoscop Phys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jbyang@pku.edu.cn RI Yang, Yunbo/F-1458-2015 OI Yang, Yunbo/0000-0001-7895-024X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [50971003, 51071002, 51171001]; National 973 Project (MOST of China) [2010CB833104]; program for New Century Excellent Talents [NCET-10-1097]; Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 50971003, 51071002 and 51171001), the National 973 Project (No. 2010CB833104, MOST of China), and the program for New Century Excellent Talents (NCET-10-1097) and the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry. NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 98 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD MAR PY 2013 VL 330 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2012.10.046 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 065BQ UT WOS:000313122700019 ER PT J AU Mountain, RD AF Mountain, Raymond D. TI Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Water-Acetonitrile Mixtures in a Silica Slit SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHILIC-INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS; POTENTIALS; ALGORITHM; SURFACES; LIQUID AB Molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous acetonitrile confined in a planar silica slit are presented. It is found, in agreement with experimental observations, that a thin layer of water that excludes acetonitrile is in contact with the hydrophilic silica surface. The organization of the fluid-silica interfacial region is described for fluids with the fraction of water molecules in the system varying from 0 to 1 at 298 K. The width of the slit is set so that the density of the fluid in the central region of the slit is close to the density of the liquid for the temperature and composition of the mixture. C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mountain, RD (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raymond.mountain@nist.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 8 BP 3923 EP 3929 DI 10.1021/jp3083562 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 134LN UT WOS:000318211800027 ER PT J AU McGregor, S Ramesh, N Spence, P England, MH McPhaden, MJ Santoso, A AF McGregor, Shayne Ramesh, Nandini Spence, Paul England, Matthew H. McPhaden, Michael J. Santoso, Agus TI Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO EVENTS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; LA-NINA; PART I; REANALYSIS; CLIMATE; MODEL; OCEAN; MECHANISMS AB Observational analysis has shown that when El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events typically reach their peak amplitude in boreal winter, the associated zonal wind anomalies abruptly shift southward so that the maximum anomalous zonal wind is located around 5 degrees-7 degrees S. Here, an analysis utilizing multiple wind products identifies a clear ENSO phase nonlinearity in the extent of this meridional wind movement and its dynamically linked changes in equatorial heat content. It is shown that the meridional wind movement and its discharging effect increase with increasing El Nino amplitude, while both remain relatively small regardless of La Nina amplitude. This result implies that asymmetries in the extent of the meridional wind shift may contribute to the observed asymmetry in the duration of El Nino and La Nina events. We also evaluate the result sensitivities to wind product selection and discuss Eastern Pacific (EP) and Central Pacific (CP) El Nino event differences. Citation: McGregor, S., N. Ramesh, P. Spence, M. H. England, M. J. McPhaden, and A. Santoso (2013), Meridional movement of wind anomalies during ENSO events and their role in event termination, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 749-754, doi:10.1002/grl.50136. C1 [McGregor, Shayne; Ramesh, Nandini; Spence, Paul; England, Matthew H.; Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [McGregor, Shayne; Spence, Paul; England, Matthew H.; Santoso, Agus] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP McGregor, S (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. EM shayne.mcgregor@unsw.edu.au RI McGregor, Shayne/A-9059-2013; England, Matthew/A-7539-2011; Santoso, Agus/J-7350-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; Santoso, Agus/0000-0001-7749-8124; FU Australian Research Council; UNSW ECR grant; NOAA FX S. M., M. H. E., A.S., and P.S. are supported by the Australian Research Council. N.R. was funded by the UNSW ECR grant of S.M. and P.S.; M.J.M was supported by NOAA. PMEL contribution 3967. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 4 BP 749 EP 754 DI 10.1002/grl.50136 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129IE UT WOS:000317831800017 ER PT J AU Fang, YY Fiore, AM Lamarque, JF Horowitz, LW Lin, MY AF Fang, Yuanyuan Fiore, Arlene M. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Horowitz, Larry W. Lin, Meiyun TI Using synthetic tracers as a proxy for summertime PM2.5 air quality over the Northeastern United States in physical climate models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLLUTION TRANSPORT; MORTALITY; PATHWAYS; EXPOSURE; PACIFIC AB Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a criteria pollutant. Its sensitivity to meteorology implies its distribution will likely change with climate shifts. Limited availability of global climate models with full chemistry complicates efforts to assess rigorously the uncertainties in the PM2.5 response to a warming climate. We evaluate the potential for PM2.5 distributions in a chemistry-climate model under current-day and warmer climate conditions over the Northeastern United States to be represented by a Synthetic Aerosol tracer (SAt). The SAt implemented into the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory chemistry-climate model (AM3) follows the protocol of a recent multimodel community effort (HTAP), with CO emissions, 25-day chemical lifetime, and wet deposition rate of sulfate. Over the Northeastern United States, the summer daily time series of SAt correlates strongly with that of PM2.5, with similar cumulative density functions under both present and future climate conditions. With a linear regression model derived from PM2.5 and SAt in the current-day simulation, we reconstruct both the current-day and future PM2.5 daily time series from the simulated SAt. This reconstruction captures the summer mean PM2.5, the incidence of days above the 24-h mean PM2.5 NAAQS, and PM2.5 responses to climate change. This reconstruction also works over other polluted Northern Hemispheric regions and in spring. Our proof-of-concept study demonstrates that simple tracers can be developed to mimic PM2.5, including its response to climate change, as an easy-to-implement and low-cost addition to physical climate models that should help air quality managers to reap the benefits of climate models that have no chemistry. Citation: Fang, Y., A. M. Fiore, J.-F. Lamarque, L. W. Horowitz, and M. Lin (2013), Using synthetic tracers as a proxy for summertime PM2.5 air quality over the Northeastern United States in physical climate models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 755-760, doi:10.1002/grl.50162. C1 [Fang, Yuanyuan] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lamarque, Jean-Francois] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.; Lin, Meiyun] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Horowitz, Larry W.; Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fang, YY (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. EM yyfang@stanford.edu RI Fang, Yuanyuan/F-1308-2011; Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014 OI Fang, Yuanyuan/0000-0001-7067-7103; Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074 FU EPA-STAR [83520601] FX A.M.F. acknowledges EPA-STAR grant 83520601. The contents of this paper are solely the responsibility of the grantee and do not necessarily represent the official view of the EPA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 4 BP 755 EP 760 DI 10.1002/grl.50162 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129IE UT WOS:000317831800018 ER PT J AU Evarts, ER Pufall, MR Rippard, WH AF Evarts, Eric R. Pufall, Matthew R. Rippard, William H. TI Continuous-film vs. device-level ferromagnetic resonance in magnetic tunnel junction thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-TRANSFER-TORQUE AB We quantitatively compared film-level ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements using standard vector network analyzer (VNA) techniques with device-level FMR measurements for both thermal FMR (T-FMR) and field-swept spin-torque FMR (FS-ST-FMR) techniques on magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) thin films with in-plane magnetization. The film and FS-ST-FMR device determination of damping alpha are in agreement; however, alpha cannot be reliably determined by use of T-FMR device measurements due to bandwidth limitations. The device-level intercept of H-res vs. f is lower than film-level measurements of the effective magnetization (M-eff) due to the demagnetizing field and exchange coupling of the patterned free layer. The intercept shows device-to-device variations due to a combination of size variation and local film variations. At the device level, the inhomogeneous broadening (Delta H-0) is nearly zero, while in film-level measurements, mu(0)Delta H-0 > 10 mT due to averaging of the local film variations detected explicitly in the intercept of H-res vs. f at the device level. These results suggest that continuous-film and FS-ST-FMR measurements on multiple devices can provide comparable information about thin-film M-eff, alpha, and Delta H-0 with minimal interpretation, but caution is necessary when using T-FMR to determine alpha or Delta H-0. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793589] C1 [Evarts, Eric R.; Pufall, Matthew R.; Rippard, William H.] NIST, Magnet Grp, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Evarts, ER (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Grp, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 8 AR 083903 DI 10.1063/1.4793589 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 100AQ UT WOS:000315667500055 ER PT J AU Ren, L Arkin, P Smith, TM Shen, SSP AF Ren, Li Arkin, Phillip Smith, Thomas M. Shen, Samuel S. P. TI Global precipitation trends in 1900-2005 from a reconstruction and coupled model simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CYCLE INTENSIFICATION; LAND PRECIPITATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; OCEAN SALINITIES; CLIMATE; DATASET; PACIFIC AB The trends of global precipitation in 1900-2005 are evaluated using a historical precipitation reconstruction and coupled model simulations, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3. A significant increasing trend in the global oceanic precipitation is identified in both the reconstruction and models. The trend from the reconstructed ocean precipitation is 0.04 mm day (-1) over 100a (100 years) and is about twice that of the mean of all models. Over land, the spatial patterns of the trends from both the reconstruction and the models are similar to those shown in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Over the ocean, both reconstruction and models show positive trends in the equatorial and subpolar regions and negative trends over the subtropics. However, the trend magnitude and the locations of the trend peaks are different near the equator (10 degrees S to 10 degrees N) between the reconstruction and the models. CMIP5 future simulations for the global mean project a continuing and stronger precipitation trend in the 21st century than the 20th century. Citation: Ren L., P. Arkin, T. M. Smith, and S. S. P. Shen (2013), Global precipitation trends in 1900-2005 from a reconstruction and coupled model simulations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1679-1689, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50212. C1 [Ren, Li; Arkin, Phillip; Smith, Thomas M.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Smith, Thomas M.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Shen, Samuel S. P.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Ren, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 5825 Univ Res Court Ste 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM lren@umd.edu RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013; Ren, Li/J-4885-2014; Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AGS-1015926, AGS-1015957]; NASA Ocean Salinity Science Team [NNX09AU74G]; NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellite [NA09NES4400006] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table 1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and has led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. This work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Awards No. AGS-1015926 and AGS-1015957). Li Ren's work is also supported by NASA Ocean Salinity Science Team (NNX09AU74G). Phillip Arkin's work is partially supported by the NOAA Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellite (NA09NES4400006). NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1679 EP 1689 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50212 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LM UT WOS:000317841000008 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Zou, CZ AF Wang, Likun Zou, Cheng-Zhi TI Intercomparison of SSU temperature data records with Lidar, GPS RO, and MLS observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIO OCCULTATION DATA; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; TRENDS; ATMOSPHERE; PROFILES; CHAMP; LAYER AB A consistent long-term stratospheric temperature observation is a crucial part for global change studies. In this study, we compare newly developed Stratospheric Sounding Unit (SSU) layer-averaged stratospheric temperatures with lidar, GPS Radio Occultation (RO), and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) stratospheric temperature profiles, each with unique error characteristics, spatial and temporal coverage, and observational principles. The vertical temperature profiles are converted into SSU-equivalent layer temperatures, and diurnal correction is applied to adjust the observations into an identical observational time. The comparison is carried out on pentad grids with a 2.5 degrees latitude x 2.5 degrees longitude resolution. Grid-by-grid comparison of SSU and MLS gives the mean differences between them from August 2004 to May 2006 of -0.041, 0.169, and -0.447 K with standard deviation of 1.180, 1.485, and 1.715 K for SSU channels 1-3, respectively. The correlation of GPS RO and SSU brightness temperature anomalies are 0.943, 0.877, and 0.699 from channels 1-3, respectively, and the correlation decreases with altitude (channels). SSU channel 3 brightness temperature anomalies are correlated with lidar observations with correlation coefficients of 0.839 at the Hohenpeissenberg Observatory in Germany and 0.725 at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence in France. Overall, the comparison results do not show that the newly developed SSU data set is significantly different from any of the three independent data sets based on known limitations and advantages of these data sets. Citation: Wang, L., and C.-Z. Zou (2013), Intercomparison of SSU temperature data records with Lidar, GPS RO, and MLS observations, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1747-1759, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50162. C1 [Wang, Likun] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), 5825 Univ Res Court,RM 4001, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wlikun@umd.edu RI Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746; FU NOAA [NESDISPO20092001589 (SDS0915), NA09NES4400006]; NOAA at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center/University of Maryland [NA09NES4400006] FX The work is supported by NOAA grant NESDISPO20092001589 (SDS0915). L.W. is also partially supported by NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites) at the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center/University of Maryland. The lidar data used in this study were obtained as part of the NDACC and are publicly available at http://www.ndacc.org. The CHAMP GPS RO soundings were downloaded from the CDAAC at NCAR. The MLS data were acquired from the NASA GES DISC. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1747 EP 1759 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50162 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LM UT WOS:000317841000013 ER PT J AU Ensberg, JJ Craven, JS Metcalf, AR Allan, JD Angevine, WM Bahreini, R Brioude, J Cai, C Coe, H de Gouw, JA Ellis, RA Flynn, JH Haman, CL Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Lefer, BL Middlebrook, AM Murphy, JG Neuman, JA Nowak, JB Roberts, JM Stutz, J Taylor, JW Veres, PR Walker, JM Seinfeld, JH AF Ensberg, J. J. Craven, J. S. Metcalf, A. R. Allan, J. D. Angevine, W. M. Bahreini, R. Brioude, J. Cai, C. Coe, H. de Gouw, J. A. Ellis, R. A. Flynn, J. H. Haman, C. L. Hayes, P. L. Jimenez, J. L. Lefer, B. L. Middlebrook, A. M. Murphy, J. G. Neuman, J. A. Nowak, J. B. Roberts, J. M. Stutz, J. Taylor, J. W. Veres, P. R. Walker, J. M. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Inorganic and black carbon aerosols in the Los Angeles Basin during CalNex SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE CalNex; Los Angeles; inorganic; black carbon; modeling ID SINGLE-PARTICLE ANALYSIS; CALIFORNIA AIR-QUALITY; MEXICO-CITY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICULATE MATTER; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PITTSBURGH SUPERSITE; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT AB We evaluate predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ version 4.7.1) model against a suite of airborne and ground-based meteorological measurements, gas-and aerosol-phase inorganic measurements, and black carbon (BC) measurements over Southern California during the CalNex field campaign in May/June 2010. Ground-based measurements are from the CalNex Pasadena ground site, and airborne measurements took place onboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Navy Twin Otter and the NOAA WP-3D aircraft. BC predictions are in general agreement with observations at the Pasadena ground site and onboard the WP-3D, but are consistently overpredicted when compared to Twin Otter measurements. Adjustments to predicted inorganic mass concentrations, based on predicted aerosol size distributions and the AMS transmission efficiency, are shown to be significant. Owing to recent shipping emission reductions, the dominant source of sulfate in the L. A. Basin may now be long-range transport. Sensitivity studies suggest that severely underestimated ammonia emissions, and not the exclusion of crustal species (Ca2+, K+, and Mg2+), are the single largest contributor to measurement/model disagreement in the eastern part of the L.A. Basin. Despite overstated NOx emissions, total nitrate concentrations are underpredicted, which suggests a missing source of HNO3 and/or overprediction of deposition rates. Adding gas-phase NH3 measurements and size-resolved measurements, up to 10 mu m, of nitrate and various cations (e.g. Na+, Ca2+, K+) to routine monitoring stations in the L.A. Basin would greatly facilitate interpreting day-to-day fluctuations in fine and coarse inorganic aerosol. Citation: Ensberg, J. J., et al. (2013), Inorganic and black carbon aerosols in the Los Angeles Basin during CalNex, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1777-1803, doi:10.1029/2012JD018136. C1 [Ensberg, J. J.; Craven, J. S.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Metcalf, A. R.] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA USA. [Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.; Taylor, J. W.] Univ Manchester, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Allan, J. D.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Angevine, W. M.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, W. M.; Brioude, J.; de Gouw, J. A.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Neuman, J. A.; Nowak, J. B.; Roberts, J. M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bahreini, R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Environm Sci, Riverside, CA USA. [Cai, C.] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Planning & Tech Support Div, Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA USA. [Ellis, R. A.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA USA. [Flynn, J. H.; Haman, C. L.; Lefer, B. L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murphy, J. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Veres, P. R.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Walker, J. M.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Metcalf, Andrew/C-5666-2012; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Taylor, Jonathan/0000-0002-2120-186X; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Metcalf, Andrew/0000-0003-0385-1356; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU NOAA [NA09OAR4310128]; State of California Air Resources Board (CARB) [10-328, CARB-319]; CARB; NOAA's Climate and Air Quality programs [NOAA-P3]; DOE (BER, ASR program) [DE-SC0006035] FX This work was funded by NOAA grant NA09OAR4310128 and by the State of California Air Resources Board (CARB) Agreement 10-328. NOAA's Climate and Air Quality programs supported the NOAA-P3 deployment. PLH and JLJ were supported by CARB-319 and DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-SC0006035, and PLH acknowledges a CIRES Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowship. This work was supported in part by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program and the NOAA Climate Goal. We acknowledge four anonymous reviewers for their thorough and insightful comments. The authors would like to thank Nehzat Motallebi, Havala O. T. Pye, and Andreas Zuend for useful discussions, Ying Xie and Rob Pinder at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for providing the SAPRC07TC chemical mechanism, Anne Perring, Joshua Schwartz, and David Fahey for the use of the SP2 measurements from the NOAA P3 aircraft and for useful discussion, John Holloway at NOAA for CO measurements from the NOAA P3 aircraft, Kemal Gurer for MM5 modeled data, and Jerome Fast for providing the Aerosol Modeling Testbed analysis toolkit. The statements and conclusions in this paper are those of the researchers (contractor) and not necessarily those of CARB. The mention of commercial products, their source, or their use in connection with material reported herein is not to be construed as actual or implied endorsement of such products. NR 107 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 70 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1777 EP 1803 DI 10.1029/2012JD018136 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LM UT WOS:000317841000015 ER PT J AU Cao, Q Hong, Y Qi, YC Wen, YX Zhang, J Gourley, JJ Liao, L AF Cao, Qing Hong, Yang Qi, Youcun Wen, Yixin Zhang, Jian Gourley, Jonathan J. Liao, Liang TI Empirical conversion of the vertical profile of reflectivity from Ku-band to S-band frequency SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID POLARIMETRIC RADAR DATA; RAINDROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION; MELTING-LAYER; PART I; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; PRECIPITATION RADAR; ALGORITHM; TRMM; IDENTIFICATION; MICROPHYSICS AB This paper presents an empirical method for converting reflectivity from Ku-band (13.8 GHz) to S-band (2.8 GHz) for several hydrometeor species, which facilitates the incorporation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) measurements into quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products from the U. S. Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD). The development of empirical dual-frequency relations is based on theoretical simulations, which have assumed appropriate scattering and microphysical models for liquid and solid hydrometeors (raindrops, snow, and ice/hail). Particle phase, shape, orientation, and density (especially for snow particles) have been considered in applying the T-matrix method to compute the scattering amplitudes. Gamma particle size distribution (PSD) is utilized to model the microphysical properties in the ice region, melting layer, and raining region of precipitating clouds. The variability of PSD parameters is considered to study the characteristics of dual-frequency reflectivity, especially the variations in radar dual-frequency ratio (DFR). The empirical relations between DFR and Ku-band reflectivity have been derived for particles in different regions within the vertical structure of precipitating clouds. The reflectivity conversion using the proposed empirical relations has been tested using real data collected by TRMM-PR and a prototype polarimetric WSR-88D (Weather Surveillance Radar 88 Doppler) radar, KOUN. The processing and analysis of collocated data demonstrate the validity of the proposed empirical relations and substantiate their practical significance for reflectivity conversion, which is essential to the TRMM-based vertical profile of reflectivity correction approach in improving NEXRAD-based QPE. Citation: Cao, Q., Y. Hong, Y. Qi, Y. Wen, J. Zhang, J. J. Gourley, and L. Liao (2013), Empirical conversion of the vertical profile of reflectivity from Ku-band to S-band frequency, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 1814-1825, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50138. C1 [Cao, Qing; Hong, Yang; Wen, Yixin] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cao, Qing; Hong, Yang; Wen, Yixin] Natl Weather Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qi, Youcun; Zhang, Jian; Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Liao, Liang] Morgan State Univ, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Suite 4610,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NASA [NNX11AL78G] FX This work was partially supported by NASA grant NNX11AL78G under the "Incorporating NASA Spaceborne Precipitation Research Products into National Mosaic QPE Real-time System for Improved Short-term Weather Prediction at Colorado Basin River Forecast Center" label. We appreciate the support from NSSL personnel who made the KOUN radar data available. We are also thankful for the support from NASA TRMM for providing the PR data, which are archived and distributed by the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center. NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 1814 EP 1825 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50138 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LM UT WOS:000317841000017 ER PT J AU Barletta, B Carreras-Sospedra, M Cohan, A Nissenson, P Dabdub, D Meinardi, S Atlas, E Lueb, R Holloway, JS Ryerson, TB Pederson, J VanCuren, RA Blake, DR AF Barletta, Barbara Carreras-Sospedra, Marc Cohan, Alex Nissenson, Paul Dabdub, Donald Meinardi, Simone Atlas, Elliot Lueb, Rich Holloway, John S. Ryerson, Thomas B. Pederson, James VanCuren, Richard A. Blake, Donald R. TI Emission estimates of HCFCs and HFCs in California from the 2010 CalNex study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COAST AIR BASIN; HALOCARBON EMISSIONS; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; UNITED-STATES; MACE HEAD; GASES; CMAQ; POLLUTION; MODEL; SENSITIVITY AB The CalNex 2010 (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition of air masses over key source regions in California. During May to June 2010, air samples were collected on board a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D aircraft over the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB) and the Central Valley (CV). This paper analyzes six effective greenhouse gases-chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22), 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b), 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-142b), 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), and 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a)-providing the most comprehensive characterization of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacement compound emissions in California. Concentrations of measured HCFCs and HFCs are enhanced greatly throughout the SoCAB and CV, with highest levels observed in the SoCAB: 310 +/- 92 pptv for HCFC-22, 30.7 +/- 18.6 pptv for HCFC-141b, 22.9 +/- 2.0 pptv for HCFC-142b, 4.86 +/- 2.56 pptv for HCFC-124, 109 +/- 46.4 pptv for HFC-134a, and 91.2 +/- 63.9 pptv for HFC-152a. Annual emission rates are estimated for all six compounds in the SoCAB using the measured halocarbon to carbon monoxide (CO) mixing ratios and CO emissions inventories. Emission rates of 3.05 +/- 0.70 Gg for HCFC-22, 0.27 +/- 0.07 Gg for HCFC-141b, 0.06 +/- 0.01 Gg for HCFC-142b, 0.11 +/- 0.03 Gg for HCFC-124, 1.89 +/- 0.43 Gg for HFC-134a, and 1.94 +/- 0.45 Gg for HFC-152b for the year 2010 are calculated for the SoCAB. These emissions are extrapolated from the SoCAB region to the state of California using population data. Results from this study provide a baseline emission rate that will help future studies determine if HCFC and HFC mitigation strategies are successful. Citation: Barletta, B., et al. (2013), Emission estimates of HCFCs and HFCs in California from the 2010 CalNex study, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2019-2030, doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50209. C1 [Barletta, Barbara; Meinardi, Simone; Blake, Donald R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Carreras-Sospedra, Marc; Cohan, Alex; Dabdub, Donald] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Nissenson, Paul] Calif State Polytech Univ Pomona, Dept Mech Engn, Pomona, CA 91768 USA. [Atlas, Elliot; Lueb, Rich] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lueb, Rich] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Holloway, John S.; Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Holloway, John S.] CIRES, Boulder, CO USA. [Pederson, James] Calif Air Resources Board, Div Res, Sacramento, CA USA. [VanCuren, Richard A.] Univ Calif Davis, Air Qual Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Barletta, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM bbarlett@uci.edu RI Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [CHE-0909227] FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA-WP3 flight and support crew for their efforts during the field deployment. We also thank Brent Love and Gloria Liu for technical support (University of California, Irvine) and Joseph Farran from the Office of Information Technology (University of California, Irvine) for his continuous support with computing resources. This work was funded (in part) by the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant CHE-0909227). NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 34 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2019 EP 2030 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50209 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LM UT WOS:000317841000032 ER PT J AU Borbon, A Gilman, JB Kuster, WC Grand, N Chevaillier, S Colomb, A Dolgorouky, C Gros, V Lopez, M Sarda-Esteve, R Holloway, J Stutz, J Petetin, H McKeen, S Beekmann, M Warneke, C Parrish, DD de Gouw, JA AF Borbon, Agnes Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. Grand, N. Chevaillier, S. Colomb, A. Dolgorouky, C. Gros, V. Lopez, M. Sarda-Esteve, R. Holloway, J. Stutz, J. Petetin, H. McKeen, S. Beekmann, M. Warneke, C. Parrish, D. D. de Gouw, J. A. TI Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid-latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NONMETHANE HYDROCARBON CHARACTERIZATION; RECEPTOR-ORIENTED METHODS; AEROSOL FORMATION; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; FLUX MEASUREMENTS; URBAN AIR; VOC; VARIABILITY; IMPACT; CO AB Ground-based and airborne volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements in Los Angeles, California, and Paris, France, during the Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) and Megacities: Emissions, Urban, Regional and Global Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Effects, and Integrated Tools for Assessment and Mitigation (MEGAPOLI) campaigns, respectively, are used to examine the spatial variability of the composition of anthropogenic VOC urban emissions and to evaluate regional emission inventories. Two independent methods that take into account the effect of chemistry were used to determine the emission ratios of anthropogenic VOCs (including anthropogenic isoprene and oxygenated VOCs) over carbon monoxide (CO) and acetylene. Emission ratios from both methods agree within +/- 20%, showing the reliability of our approach. Emission ratios for alkenes, alkanes, and benzene are fairly similar between Los Angeles and Paris, whereas the emission ratios for C7-C9 aromatics in Paris are higher than in Los Angeles and other French and European Union urban areas by a factor of 2-3. The results suggest that the emissions of gasoline-powered vehicles still dominate the hydrocarbon distribution in northern mid-latitude urban areas, which disagrees with emission inventories. However, regional characteristics like the gasoline composition could affect the composition of hydrocarbon emissions. The observed emission ratios show large discrepancies by a factor of 2-4 (alkanes and oxygenated VOC) with the ones derived from four reference emission databases. A bias in CO emissions was also evident for both megacities. Nevertheless, the difference between measurements and inventory in terms of the overall OH reactivity is, in general, lower than 40%, and the potential to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA) agrees within 30% when considering volatile organic emissions as the main SOA precursors. Citation: Borbon, A., et al. (2013), Emission ratios of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds in northern mid-latitude megacities: Observations versus emission inventories in Los Angeles and Paris, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 2041-2057, doi: 10.1002/jgrd.50059. C1 [Borbon, Agnes; Grand, N.; Chevaillier, S.; Colomb, A.; Petetin, H.; Beekmann, M.] UPEC, LISA, IPSL, UMR CNRS 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Borbon, Agnes; Grand, N.; Chevaillier, S.; Colomb, A.; Petetin, H.; Beekmann, M.] UPD, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Borbon, Agnes; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; Holloway, J.; McKeen, S.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Borbon, Agnes; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; Holloway, J.; McKeen, S.; Warneke, C.; Parrish, D. D.; de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Dolgorouky, C.; Gros, V.; Lopez, M.; Sarda-Esteve, R.] Univ Versailles St Quentin En Yvelines, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CEA, CNRS, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Borbon, A (reprint author), UPEC, LISA, IPSL, UMR CNRS 7583, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM agnes.borbon@lisa.u-pec.fr RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Lopez, Morgan/J-4434-2013; Petetin, Herve/P-3743-2014; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU European Union [212520]; ANR through the MEGAPOLI PARIS; INSU/LEFE through the MEGAPOLI France project; CIRES; California Air Resources Board FX Part of the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP/2007-2011 within the project MEGAPOLI, grant agreement 212520. The authors also acknowledge the ANR for their financial support through the MEGAPOLI PARIS and INSU/LEFE through the MEGAPOLI France project. Agnes Borbon benefited from a CIRES visitor fellowship from November 2010 to October 2011. The CalNex team would like to thank the California Institute of Technology for their logistical support during CalNex. Funding from the California Air Resources Board for the CalNex infrastructure is greatly appreciated. The MEGAPOLI team is thankful to SAFIRE, the French aircraft operator team, the French AASQA, and Nadine Locoge (Mines de Douai, France) for providing the long-term NMHC data and Jonathan Williams's group (Max Plank Institute, Mainz, Germany) for their support and expertise on the PTR-MS. The source of emission data used in Paris is AIRPARIF inventory for the year 2005, and data were provided by Olivier Perrussel. We thank the Laboratoire d'Hygiene de la Ville de Paris for hosting the MEGAPOLI campaign at the LHVP site and for their logistic support. Ken Akin from NOAA contributed to graphical support. NR 65 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 12 U2 132 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 4 BP 2041 EP 2057 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50059 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LM UT WOS:000317841000034 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Robertson, JWF Burden, DL Burden, LK Balijepalli, A Kasianowicz, JJ AF Reiner, Joseph E. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Burden, Daniel L. Burden, Lisa K. Balijepalli, Arvind Kasianowicz, John J. TI Temperature Sculpting in Yoctoliter Volumes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULE FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN CHANNELS; FLOW CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; NANOMETER-SCALE PORE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; ION-CHANNEL; CONFORMATIONAL DYNAMICS; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The ability to perturb large ensembles of molecules from equilibrium led to major advances in understanding reaction mechanisms in chemistry and biology. Here, we demonstrate the ability to control, measure, and make use of rapid temperature changes in fluid volumes that are commensurate with the size of single molecules. The method is based on attaching gold nanoparticles to a single nanometer-scale pore formed by a protein ion channel. Visible laser light incident on the nanoparticles causes a rapid and large increase of the adjacent solution temperature, which is estimated from the change in the nanopore ionic conductance. The temperature shift also affects the ability of individual molecules to enter into and interact with the nanopore. This technique could significantly improve sensor systems and force measurements based on single nanopores, thereby enabling a method for single molecule thermodynamics and kinetics. C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Balijepalli, Arvind; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burden, Daniel L.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Chem, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Burden, Lisa K.] Wheaton Coll, Dept Biol, Wheaton, IL 60187 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind] NHLBI, Lab Computat Biol, NIH, Rockville, MD 20892 USA. RP Reiner, JE (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Phys, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM jereiner@vcu.edu; joseph.robertson@nist.gov; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 FU NRC/NIST-NIH; NIST-ARRA; NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards; NSF FX This work was supported in part by a NRC/NIST-NIH Research Fellowship (AB), NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship (JER), and grants from the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards (J.J.K, J.W.F.R., J.E.R.) and the NSF (D.L.B.). We would like to thank Les Kirkegaard at BioAssay Works for helpful discussions regarding the characteristics of the gold nanoparticles, Arad Lajevardi-Khosh for sample preparation and SEM counting statistics, and Andras Vladar, Bin Ming, and Premsagar Kavuri for access to and assistance with SEM imaging. NR 107 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 135 IS 8 BP 3087 EP 3094 DI 10.1021/ja309892e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 099KC UT WOS:000315618900041 PM 23347384 ER PT J AU Li, RB Deng, L Hagley, EW Bienfang, JC Payne, MG Ge, ML AF Li, R. B. Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Bienfang, J. C. Payne, M. G. Ge, Mo-Lin TI Effect of atomic coherence on temporal cloaking in atomic vapors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY AB We discuss a different scheme to achieve temporal cloaking in warm atomic vapors. Instead of creating a temporal-spatial window in a patched broadband short optical pulse using static differential dispersion of an optical fiber, we create a temporal-spatial window by directly controlling the propagation velocities of a pair of correlated narrow-band long optical pulses. This method eliminates the phase noise introduced by the broadband short-pulse swapping technique. When the eventmedium has a fast relaxation rate this leads to a temporal-cloaking scheme similar to that reported in fibers. When the event-medium relaxation cannot be neglected, we discuss a matched-mode scheme that can eliminate the phase change caused by the event field. The advantages of the dynamically and actively controlled atomic system over previously reported work are discussed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.023839 C1 [Li, R. B.; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.; Bienfang, J. C.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance & Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Li, R. B.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Payne, M. G.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30458 USA. [Ge, Mo-Lin] Nankai Univ, Chern Inst Math, Div Theoret Phys, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Li, RB (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 27 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 2 AR 023839 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.023839 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 097NB UT WOS:000315479700018 ER PT J AU Liu, Z Koffman, AD Waltrip, BC Wang, YC AF Liu, Ze Koffman, Andrew D. Waltrip, Bryan C. Wang, Yicheng TI Eddy Current Rail Inspection Using AC Bridge Techniques SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AC bridges; demodulation; digital lock-in amplifier; Eddy current rail inspection ID SYSTEM AB AC bridge techniques commonly used for precision impedance measurements have been adapted to develop an eddy current sensor for rail defect detection. By using two detection coils instead of just one as in a conventional sensor, we can balance out the large baseline signals corresponding to a normal rail. We have significantly enhanced the detection sensitivity of the eddy current method by detecting and demodulating the differential signal of the two coils induced by rail defects, using a digital lock-in amplifier algorithm. We have also explored compensating for the lift-off effect of the eddy current sensor due to vibrations by using the summing signal of the detection coils to measure the lift-off distance. The dominant component of the summing signal is a constant resulting from direct coupling from the excitation coil, which can be experimentally determined. The remainder of the summing signal, which decreases as the lift-off distance increases, is induced by the secondary eddy current. This dependence on the lift-off distance is used to calibrate the differential signal, allowing for a more accurate characterization of the defects. Simulated experiments on a sample rail have been performed using a computer controlled X-Y moving table with the X-axis mimicking the train's motion and the Y-axis mimicking the train's vibrational bumping. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new detection method. C1 [Liu, Ze] Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. [Liu, Ze; Koffman, Andrew D.; Waltrip, Bryan C.; Wang, Yicheng] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. EM zliu@bjtu.edu.cn; andrew.koffman@nist.gov; bryan.waltrip@nist.gov; yicheng.wang@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [61050001, 61227002] FX The leading author, Ze Liu, wishes to acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC, grant No. 61050001, 61227002), and he also wishes to thank NIST for providing the research opportunity as a Guest Researcher. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD FEB 26 PY 2013 VL 118 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.6028/jres.118.007 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 098QH UT WOS:000315563300001 PM 26401427 ER PT J AU Hunley, MT Beers, KL AF Hunley, Matthew T. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Nonlinear Method for Determining Reactivity Ratios of Ring-Opening Copolymerizations SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FREE-RADICAL COPOLYMERIZATION; LINEAR GRAPHIC METHOD; EPSILON-CAPROLACTONE; L-LACTIDE; POLYMERIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; OLIGOMERS; EQUATION; SEQUENCE; OCTOATE AB A nonlinear errors-in-variables-model (EVM) regression method was used to determine reactivity ratios for enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening copolymerizations of epsilon-caprolactone (epsilon-CL) and delta-valerolactone (delta-VL). The cumulative copolymer composition model accurately described the experimental data, indicating that conventional models can be used to describe enzyme-catalyzed copolymerizations. Reactivity ratios were calculated from Raman spectroscopic data collected in situ and the model of monomer feed drift over the course of copolymerization. The analysis was combined for multiple experiments to improve the estimate. For the lipase-catalyzed copolymerization, the calculated reactivity ratios were r(epsilon-CL) = 0.27 and r(delta-VL) = 0.39. Compared to conventional linearization techniques, the EVM method reduced the experimental work required and reduced the measurement error, as indicated by the 95% joint confidence region. In addition, the EVM method is influenced less by the apparent induction period of delta-VL. The conventional methods rely on low conversion data where the induction period is significant. The EVM method presented here determines reactivity ratios rapidly, saving both time and material waste. C1 [Hunley, Matthew T.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beers@nist.gov FU National Research Council Fellowship Program FX The authors thank Novozyme for providing the N435 beads. M.H. acknowledges the financial support of the National Research Council Fellowship Program. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 26 PY 2013 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1393 EP 1399 DI 10.1021/ma302015e PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 099KB UT WOS:000315618800017 ER PT J AU Manmana, SR Stoudenmire, EM Hazzard, KRA Rey, AM Gorshkov, AV AF Manmana, Salvatore R. Stoudenmire, E. M. Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Rey, Ana Maria Gorshkov, Alexey V. TI Topological phases in ultracold polar-molecule quantum magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MANY-BODY PHYSICS; LATTICE; INSULATORS; GASES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; DIAMOND; MODELS; ORDER AB We show how to use polar molecules in an optical lattice to engineer quantum spin models with arbitrary spin S >= 1/2 and with interactions featuring a direction-dependent spin anisotropy. This is achieved by encoding the effective spin degrees of freedom in microwave-dressed rotational states of the molecules and by coupling the spins through dipolar interactions. We demonstrate how one of the experimentally most accessible anisotropies stabilizes symmetry protected topological phases in spin ladders. Using the numerically exact density matrix renormalization group method, we find that these interacting phases-previously studied only in the nearest-neighbor case-survive in the presence of long-range dipolar interactions. We also show how to use our approach to realize the bilinear-biquadratic spin-1 and the Kitaev honeycomb models. Experimental detection schemes and imperfections are discussed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.081106 C1 [Manmana, Salvatore R.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Manmana, Salvatore R.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.; Rey, Ana Maria] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Manmana, Salvatore R.; Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Kavli Inst Theoret Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Stoudenmire, E. M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Phys & Astron, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Gorshkov, Alexey V.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Manmana, SR (reprint author), Univ Gottingen, Inst Theoret Phys, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576; Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU NSF; IQIM; NRC; AFOSR; ARO; ARO-DARPA-OLE program; Lee A. DuBridge and Gordon foundation; Betty Moore foundation FX We thank J. Preskill, J. Ye, D. Jin, M. Lukin, N. Yao, S. Michalakis, A. Turner, N. Schuch, N. Lindner, G. Evenbly, M. Baranov, J. Taylor, S. Stellmer, W. Campbell, M. Foss-Feig, M. Hermele, V. Gurarie, X.-G. Wen, Z.-X. Liu, and M. Oshikawa for discussions. This work was supported by NSF, IQIM, NRC, AFOSR, ARO, the ARO-DARPA-OLE program, and the Lee A. DuBridge and Gordon and Betty Moore foundations. S.R.M. and K. R.A.H. thank KITP for hospitality. We acknowledge the use of the Janus supercomputer facilities at CU Boulder. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 92 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 26 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 8 AR 081106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.081106 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 096AL UT WOS:000315376000001 ER PT J AU Guralnick, BW Kirby, BJ Majkrzak, CF Mackay, ME AF Guralnick, B. W. Kirby, B. J. Majkrzak, C. F. Mackay, M. E. TI Morphological characterization of plastic solar cells using polarized neutron reflectivity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; INTERFACE; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); REFLECTOMETRY; BLENDS AB Thermal annealing is known to significantly improve the photovoltaic performance of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) bulk heterojunction solar cells. We have used polarized neutron reflectometry to compare the PCBM depth profiles of the same P3HT: PCBM film before and after annealing at conditions know to improve the photovoltaic efficiencies of similarly prepared devices. Contrary to previous findings, annealing is shown to have little effect on the vertical PCBM concentration profile. We attribute the improved efficiency from thermal annealing to increased P3HT crystallinity and/or change in crystal orientation, which inhibits exciton recombination. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793423] C1 [Guralnick, B. W.; Mackay, M. E.] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Majkrzak, C. F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guralnick, BW (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mem@udel.edu FU NIST through the Center for Neutron Science at the University of Delaware [70NANB10H256] FX This work was supported by NIST Award 70NANB10H256 through the Center for Neutron Science at the University of Delaware. Commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 51 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 8 AR 083305 DI 10.1063/1.4793423 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CN UT WOS:000315597000075 ER PT J AU Lowell, PJ O'Neil, GC Underwood, JM Ullom, JN AF Lowell, Peter J. O'Neil, Galen C. Underwood, Jason M. Ullom, Joel N. TI Macroscale refrigeration by nanoscale electron transport SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TUNNELING REFRIGERATORS; ENHANCEMENT; JUNCTIONS; EXTRACTION; ENERGY AB We demonstrate a general-purpose solid-state refrigerator for sub-Kelvin temperatures based on the tunneling of hot electrons through normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) junctions. Previous devices using this cooling principle fell short of general-purpose refrigerators since they could not be coupled to arbitrary payloads. To create a viable refrigerator, we developed optimized NIS structures and techniques to couple multiple such structures to arbitrary objects. Using three linked NIS devices, we reduced the temperature of a 1.9 cm(3) copper stage from 290 mK to 256 mK with 700 pW of cooling power at 290 mK. We present plans to achieve base temperatures near 100 mK. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793515] C1 [Lowell, Peter J.; O'Neil, Galen C.; Underwood, Jason M.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lowell, Peter J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Lowell, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM peter.lowell@nist.gov; joel.ullom@nist.gov FU NASA APRA program FX This work is supported by the NASA APRA program. We thank Dan Schmidt and Vince Kotsubo for their technical assistance. We also thank Dan Schmidt for the photographs used in this letter. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 8 AR 082601 DI 10.1063/1.4793515 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CN UT WOS:000315597000055 ER PT J AU Salim, EA Caliga, SC Pfeiffer, JB Anderson, DZ AF Salim, Evan A. Caliga, Seth C. Pfeiffer, Jonathan B. Anderson, Dana Z. TI High resolution imaging and optical control of Bose-Einstein condensates in an atom chip magnetic trap SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE ATOMS; LATTICE AB A high-resolution projection and imaging system for ultracold atoms is implemented using a compound silicon and glass atom chip. The atom chip is metalized to enable magnetic trapping while glass regions enable high numerical aperture optical access to atoms residing in the magnetic trap about 100 mu m below the chip surface. The atom chip serves as a wall of the vacuum system, which enables the use of commercial microscope components for projection and imaging. Holographically generated light patterns are used to optically slice a cigar-shaped magnetic trap into separate regions; this has been used to simultaneously generate up to four Bose-condensates. Using fluorescence techniques, we have demonstrated in-trap imaging resolution down to 2.5 mu m. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4793522] C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Salim, EA (reprint author), ColdQuanta Inc, 1600 Range St,Suite 103, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; Army Research Office [W911NF-04-1-0043]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-10-1-0135]; National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center [PHY0551010]; Boulder Labs FX We are grateful to L. Czaia for her capable assistance with vacuum cell fabrication. This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Army Research Office (Grant No. W911NF-04-1-0043), the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0135), and the National Science Foundation through a Physics Frontier Center (Grant No. PHY0551010). The work of Evan A. Salim was partially supported by Boulder Labs. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 8 AR 084104 DI 10.1063/1.4793522 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CN UT WOS:000315597000091 ER PT J AU Yew, AG Pinero, D Hsieh, AH Atencia, J AF Yew, A. G. Pinero, D. Hsieh, A. H. Atencia, J. TI Low Peclet number mass and momentum transport in microcavities SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ON-A-CHIP; CELL-CULTURE; BIOLOGY; CAVITY; FLOW; DIFFERENTIATION; PLATFORM; WALL AB For the informed design of microfluidic devices, it is important to understand transport phenomena at the microscale. This letter outlines an analytically driven approach to the design of rectangular microcavities extending perpendicular to a perfusion microchannel for applications that may include microfluidic cell culture devices. We present equations to estimate the transition from advection- to diffusion-dominant transport inside cavities as a function of the geometry and flow conditions. We also estimate the time required for molecules, such as nutrients or drugs, to travel from the microchannel to a given length into the cavity. These analytical predictions can facilitate the rational design of microfluidic devices to optimize and maintain long-term, low Peclet number environments with minimal fluid shear stress. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4794058] C1 [Yew, A. G.; Pinero, D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yew, A. G.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hsieh, A. H.; Atencia, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hsieh, A. H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Orthopaed, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Atencia, J.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yew, AG (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Alvin.G.Yew@nasa.gov; Javier.Atencia@nist.gov OI Hsieh, Adam/0000-0003-3162-1152 FU NASA GSFC; NIST [70NANB11H191] FX Certain commercial equipment, instruments, and materials are identified in order to specify experimental procedures as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) nor does it imply that any of the materials, instruments, or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Neither does such identification imply a recommendation, endorsement, or best practice by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). This work was funded by NASA GSFC and NIST Grant 70NANB11H191. NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 8 AR 084108 DI 10.1063/1.4794058 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CN UT WOS:000315597000095 ER PT J AU Grasso, L Hillger, DW Schaaf, CB Wang, ZS Brummer, R DeMaria, R AF Grasso, Lewis Hillger, Donald W. Schaaf, Crystal Barker Wang, Zhuosen Brummer, Renate DeMaria, Robert TI Use of MODIS 16-day albedos in generating GOES-R advanced baseline imager imagery SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE MODIS; albedo; GOES-R; advanced baseline imager; fire; volcanic ash; synthetic imagery ID SATELLITE; RETRIEVALS; VALIDATION; MODELS; BRDF AB Advanced preparation for satellite data from the next-generation GOES-R advanced baseline imager (ABI) is supported by coupling high resolution mesoscale and radiative transfer numerical models. Calculated GOES-R ABI imagery is produced in a two-step process. First, a mesoscale model is used to simulate an event over a region with 400 m horizontal grid spacings; secondly, output from the mesoscale model is used as input to a second model that calculates top of the atmosphere radiances at selected GOES-R ABI wavelengths. Such radiances or brightness temperatures are referred to as synthetic imagery. In order for the synthetic imagery to contain realistic horizontal variability of values of surface reflectance at wavelengths from 0.44 to 2.25 mu m, MODIS 16-day albedos are incorporated in the radiative transfer calculations. One application of synthetic GOES-R imagery is that of algorithm development and testing. Algorithms may focus on, but are not limited to, the detection and retrieval of smoke, volcanic ash, fires, blowing dust, and the state of surface physiography. Proper identification of such features is, at times, dependent on the horizontal variability of surface reflectance values. MODIS 16-day spectrally dependent albedos are a valuable dataset in aiding the generation of synthetic GOES-R imagery. (C) 2013 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) [DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.7.073584] C1 [Grasso, Lewis; Brummer, Renate; DeMaria, Robert] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hillger, Donald W.] Colorado State Univ, NOAA NESDIS STAR RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Schaaf, Crystal Barker; Wang, Zhuosen] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Earth & Ocean Sci, Boston, MA 02125 USA. RP Grasso, L (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, CIRA-1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Lewis.Grasso@colostate.edu RI Hillger, Donald/F-5592-2010 OI Hillger, Donald/0000-0001-7297-2640 FU NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service GOES-R Program Office FX This research is primarily funded by NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service GOES-R Program Office. We thank Dr. Fred Prata of the Climate and Atmospheric Department, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway for providing us with optical properties of volcanic ash plumes. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PD FEB 22 PY 2013 VL 7 AR 073584 DI 10.1117/1.JRS.7.073584 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 094NG UT WOS:000315270300001 ER PT J AU Leibrandt, DR Bergquist, JC Rosenband, T AF Leibrandt, David R. Bergquist, James C. Rosenband, Till TI Cavity-stabilized laser with acceleration sensitivity below 10(-12) g(-1) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; OPTICAL FREQUENCY; ATOMIC CLOCKS; PHASE NOISE; CANCELLATION; RELATIVITY; SYSTEM; FIBER AB We characterize the frequency sensitivity of a cavity-stabilized laser to inertial forces and temperature fluctuations, and perform real-time feedforward to correct for these sources of noise. We measure the sensitivity of the cavity to linear accelerations, rotational accelerations, and rotational velocities by rotating it about three axes with accelerometers and gyroscopes positioned around the cavity. The worst-direction linear acceleration sensitivity of the cavity is 2(1) x 10(-11) g(-1) measured over 0-50 Hz, which is reduced by a factor of 50 to below 10(-12) g(-1) for low-frequency accelerations by real-time feedforward corrections of all of the aforementioned inertial forces. A similar idea is demonstrated in which laser frequency drift due to temperature fluctuations is reduced by a factor of 70 via real-time feedforward from a temperature sensor located on the outer wall of the cavity vacuum chamber. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.023829 C1 [Leibrandt, David R.; Bergquist, James C.; Rosenband, Till] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibrandt, DR (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.leibrandt@nist.gov FU AFOSR; DARPA QuASAR; ONR FX We thank R. Drullinger, M. Notcutt, and M. Thorpe for their contributions to earlier work on low acceleration sensitivity lasers and also for useful discussions, R. Lalezari for fabrication of the cavity used in this work, and A. Ludlow and W. Swann for critical readings of this manuscript. This work is supported by AFOSR, DARPA QuASAR, and ONR and is not subject to US copyright. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 21 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 2 AR 023829 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.023829 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 094MR UT WOS:000315268400009 ER PT J AU Koch, V Peckham, H Mancini, A Eguchi, T AF Koch, Volker Peckham, Hoyt Mancini, Agnese Eguchi, Tomoharu TI Estimating At-Sea Mortality of Marine Turtles from Stranding Frequencies and Drifter Experiments SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID BAJA-CALIFORNIA-SUR; TEMPERATE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT; FISHERIES BYCATCH; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; BAHIA MAGDALENA; MEXICO; JELLYFISH; CONSERVATION; CONSUMPTION; POPULATION AB Strandings of marine megafauna can provide valuable information on cause of death at sea. However, as stranding probabilities are usually very low and highly variable in space and time, interpreting the results can be challenging. We evaluated the magnitude and distribution of at-sea mortality of marine turtles along the Pacific coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico during 2010-11, using a combination of counting stranded animals and drifter experiments. A total of 594 carcasses were found during the study period, with loggerhead (62%) and green turtles (31%) being the most common species. 87% of the strandings occurred in the southern Gulf of Ulloa, a known hotspot of loggerhead distribution in the Eastern Pacific. While only 1.8% of the deaths could be definitively attributed to bycatch (net marks, hooks), seasonal variation in stranding frequencies closely corresponded to the main fishing seasons. Estimated stranding probabilities from drifter experiments varied among sites and trials (0.05-0.8), implying that only a fraction of dead sea turtles can be observed at beaches. Total mortality estimates for 15-day periods around the floater trials were highest for PSL, a beach in the southern Gulf of Ulloa, ranging between 11 sea turtles in October 2011 to 107 in August 2010. Loggerhead turtles were the most numerous, followed by green and olive ridley turtles. Our study showed that drifter trials combined with beach monitoring can provide estimates for death at sea to measure the impact of small-scale fisheries that are notoriously difficult to monitor for by-catch. We also provided recommendations to improve the precision of the mortality estimates for future studies and highlight the importance of estimating impacts of small-scale fisheries on marine megafauna. C1 [Koch, Volker; Mancini, Agnese] Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Marine Biol, La Paz, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Koch, Volker] Invest Conservacio & El Desarrollo, La Paz, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Koch, Volker] Leibniz Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, Dept Directorate, Bremen, Germany. [Peckham, Hoyt] Grp Tortuguero Calif AC, La Paz, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Peckham, Hoyt] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Mancini, Agnese] Boomerang Earth Conservat, Antony, France. [Eguchi, Tomoharu] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fishery Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Koch, V (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja Calif Sur, Dept Marine Biol, La Paz, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. EM vokoch68@gmail.com RI Koch, Volker/J-1587-2012 FU Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award [NA10NMF4410219] FX This study was funded by the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA10NMF4410219 (http://wpcouncil.org/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 54 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 38 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e56776 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056776 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 093IE UT WOS:000315184200157 PM 23483880 ER PT J AU Janson, O Chen, S Tsirlin, AA Hoffmann, S Sichelschmidt, J Huang, Q Zhang, ZJ Tang, MB Zhao, JT Kniep, R Rosner, H AF Janson, O. Chen, S. Tsirlin, A. A. Hoffmann, S. Sichelschmidt, J. Huang, Q. Zhang, Z. -J. Tang, M. -B. Zhao, J. -T. Kniep, R. Rosner, H. TI Structure and magnetism of Cr-2[BP3O12]: Towards the quantum-classical crossover in a spin-3/2 alternating chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTERACTION; LINEAR-CHAIN; BOND ALTERNATION; DYNAMICS; STATE; SYSTEMS; ENERGY AB Magnetic properties of the spin-3/2 Heisenberg system Cr-2[BP3O12] are investigated by magnetic susceptibility chi(T) measurements, electron spin resonance, neutron diffraction, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, as well as classical and quantum Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The broad maximum of chi(T) at 85 K and the antiferromagnetic Weiss temperature of 139 K indicate low-dimensional magnetic behavior. Below T-N = 28 K, Cr-2[BP3O12] is antiferromagnetically ordered with the k = 0 propagation vector and an ordered moment of 2.5 mu(B)/Cr. DFT calculations, including DFT + U and hybrid functionals, yield a microscopic model of spin chains with alternating nearest-neighbor couplings J(1) and J'(1). The chains are coupled by two nonequivalent interchain exchanges of similar strength (similar to 1-2 K), but different sign (antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic). The resulting spin lattice is quasi-one-dimensional and not frustrated. Quantum MC simulations show excellent agreement with the experimental data for the parameters J(1) similar or equal to 50 K and J'(1)/J(1) similar or equal to 0.5. Therefore, Cr-2[BP3O12] is close to the gapless critical point (J'(1)/J(1) = 0.41) of the spin-3/2 bond-alternating Heisenberg chain. The applicability limits of the classical approximation are addressed by quantum and classical MC simulations. Implications for a wide range of low-dimensional S = 3/2 materials are discussed. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.064417 C1 [Janson, O.; Chen, S.; Tsirlin, A. A.; Hoffmann, S.; Sichelschmidt, J.; Kniep, R.; Rosner, H.] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Tsirlin, A. A.] NICPB, EE-12618 Tallinn, Estonia. [Huang, Q.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Z. -J.; Tang, M. -B.; Zhao, J. -T.] Chinese Acad Sci, Key Lab Transparent Optofunct Inorgan Mat, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. RP Janson, O (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. EM janson@cpfs.mpg.de; altsirlin@gmail.com; rosner@cpfs.mpg.de RI Tsirlin, Alexander/D-6648-2013; Janson, Oleg/D-8502-2011; Sichelschmidt, Joerg/A-6005-2013 OI Kniep, Rudiger/0000-0003-0679-5468; Tsirlin, Alexander/0000-0001-6916-8256; Janson, Oleg/0000-0001-7328-5690; FU CAS/SAFEA International Partnership program for Creative Research Teams [51121064]; MPG-CAS partner group; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; Mobilitas grant of the ESF [MTT-77] FX We are grateful to Yurii Prots and Horst Borrmann for x-ray diffraction measurements and Alim Ormeci for fruitful discussions. S.C., Z.J.Z., M.B.T., and J.T.Z. acknowledge the financial support from CAS/SAFEA International Partnership program for Creative Research Teams (Grant No. 51121064) and the MPG-CAS partner group. A.A.T. was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Mobilitas grant MTT-77 of the ESF. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 6 AR 064417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.064417 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 092TJ UT WOS:000315145000002 ER PT J AU Wong, HC Higgins, AM Wildes, AR Douglas, JF Cabral, JT AF Wong, Him Cheng Higgins, Anthony M. Wildes, Andrew R. Douglas, Jack F. Cabral, Joao T. TI Patterning Polymer-Fullerene Nanocomposite Thin Films with Light SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Patterning; Polymers; Fullerene; Nanocomposites; Thin Films; Light; Self-assembly; Dewetting Suppression ID PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION; NANOPARTICLE DISPERSION; POLYSTYRENE FILMS; C-60 FILMS; SUPPRESSION; COPOLYMERS; ADDITIVES C1 [Wong, Him Cheng; Cabral, Joao T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Wong, Him Cheng; Cabral, Joao T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Higgins, Anthony M.] Swansea Univ, Coll Engn, Multidisciplinary Nanotechnol Ctr, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Wildes, Andrew R.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cabral, JT (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.cabral@imperial.ac.uk RI Wong, Him Cheng/B-5172-2015; Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Wong, Him Cheng/0000-0002-1321-7853; Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X FU EPSRC; Imperial College London FX The authors thank EPSRC for funding and Imperial College London for a studentship and graduate award for HCW. George Wang and Koon-Yang Lee (Imperial College London) are acknowledged for their assistance with profilometry and contact angle measurements. The Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France is gratefully acknowledged for beamtime. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 78 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 25 IS 7 BP 985 EP 991 DI 10.1002/adma.201203541 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 092AS UT WOS:000315091800005 PM 23139170 ER PT J AU Levinson, A Begelman, MC AF Levinson, Amir Begelman, Mitchell C. TI COLLIMATION AND CONFINEMENT OF MAGNETIC JETS BY EXTERNAL MEDIA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: jets; gamma-ray burst: general; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); relativistic processes ID GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; HYDRODYNAMIC COLLIMATION; ASYMPTOTIC STRUCTURE; MASSIVE STARS; ACCELERATION; WINDS; DISSIPATION; OUTFLOWS AB We study the collimation of a highly magnetized jet by a surrounding cocoon that forms as a result of the interaction of the jet with the external medium. We show that in regions where the jet is well confined by the cocoon, current-driven instabilities should develop over timescales shorter than the expansion time of the jet's head. We speculate that these instabilities would give rise to complete magnetic field destruction, whereby the jet undergoes a transition from high to low sigma above the collimation zone. Using this assumption, we construct a self-consistent model for the evolution of the jet-cocoon system in an ambient medium of arbitrary density profile. We apply the model to jet breakout in long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and show that the jet is highly collimated inside the envelope of the progenitor star and is likely to remain confined well after breakout. We speculate that this strong confinement may provide a channel for magnetic field conversion in GRB outflows, whereby the hot, low-sigma jet section thereby produced is the source of the photospheric emission observed in many bursts. C1 [Levinson, Amir] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Levinson, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM Levinson@wise.tau.ac.il; mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU ISF grant for the Israeli center for high-energy astrophysics; NSF grant [AST-0907872]; NASA Astrophysics Theory grant [NNX09AG02G] FX A.L. acknowledges support from an ISF grant for the Israeli center for high-energy astrophysics and thanks the Fellows of JILA for their hospitality during a sabbatical visit. M.C.B. acknowledges support from NSF grant AST-0907872 and NASA Astrophysics Theory grant NNX09AG02G. NR 55 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 2 AR 148 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/2/148 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 088CY UT WOS:000314812600036 ER PT J AU Sikora, M Begelman, MC AF Sikora, Marek Begelman, Mitchell C. TI MAGNETIC FLUX PARADIGM FOR RADIO LOUDNESS OF ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); X-rays: binaries ID BLACK-HOLE BINARIES; RAY-SELECTED SAMPLE; DIGITAL SKY SURVEY; RELATIVISTIC JETS; ACCRETION; GALAXIES; QUASARS; MECHANISM; EMISSION; FIELD AB We argue that the magnetic flux threading the black hole (BH), rather than BH spin or Eddington ratio, is the dominant factor in launching powerful jets and thus determining the radio loudness of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Most AGNs are radio quiet because the thin accretion disks that feed them are inefficient in depositing magnetic flux close to the BH. Flux accumulation is more likely to occur during a hot accretion (or thick disk) phase, and we argue that radio-loud quasars and strong emission-line radio galaxies occur only when a massive, cold accretion event follows an episode of hot accretion. Such an event might be triggered by the merger of a giant elliptical galaxy with a disk galaxy. This picture supports the idea that flux accumulation can lead to the formation of a so-called magnetically choked accretion flow. The large observed range in radio loudness reflects not only the magnitude of the flux pressed against the BH, but also the decrease in UV flux from the disk, due to its disruption by the "magnetosphere" associated with the accumulated flux. While the strongest jets result from the secular accumulation of flux, moderate jet activity can also be triggered by fluctuations in the magnetic flux deposited by turbulent, hot inner regions of otherwise thin accretion disks, or by the dissipation of turbulent fields in accretion disk coronae. These processes could be responsible for jet production in Seyferts and low-luminosity AGNs, as well as jets associated with X-ray binaries. C1 [Sikora, Marek] Polish Acad Sci, Copernicus Astron Ctr, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sikora, M (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Copernicus Astron Ctr, Ul Bartycka 18, PL-00716 Warsaw, Poland. EM sikora@camk.edu.pl; mitch@jila.colorado.edu FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [NCN DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/04845]; National Science Foundation [AST-0907872]; NASA's Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX09AG02G] FX We acknowledge support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through the grant NCN DEC-2011/01/B/ST9/04845, from the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0907872, and from NASA's Astrophysics Theory Program through grant NNX09AG02G. M.C.B. thanks the Copernicus Astronomical Center for its hospitality during the early stages of this project. NR 40 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 2 AR L24 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/764/2/L24 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 088EX UT WOS:000314817700006 ER PT J AU Rim, D Wallace, LA Persily, AK AF Rim, Donghyun Wallace, Lance A. Persily, Andrew K. TI Indoor Ultrafine Particles of Outdoor Origin: Importance of Window Opening Area and Fan Operation Condition SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFILTRATION FACTOR; OCCUPIED TOWNHOUSE; RATES; PENETRATION; EXPOSURE; NANOPARTICLES; DEPOSITION; EMISSION; FINE; GAS AB Inhalation exposure to ambient ultrafine particles (UFP) has been shown to induce adverse health effects such as respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Human exposure to particles of outdoor origin often occurs indoors due to entry of UFP into buildings. The objective of the present study is to investigate entry of UFP into a building considering building operational characteristics and their size-dependent effects on UFP concentrations. Indoor and outdoor UFP concentrations along with air change rates were continuously measured in a full-scale test building. Estimates of infiltration factor, penetration coefficient, and deposition rate have been made for a range of particle sizes from 4 to 100 nm. The results show that UFP infiltration factor varies with particle diameter, window position, air change rate, and central fan operation. When the central fan was on continuously, the average infiltration factor ranged from 0.26 (particles <10 nm) to 0.82 (particles >90 nm) for two large window openings, and from 0.07 to 0.60 for two small window openings. Under the central fan-off condition, the average infiltration factor ranged from 0.25 (particles <10 nm) to 0.72 (particles >90 nm) for two small window openings, while it ranged from 0.01 to 0.48 with all windows closed. Larger window openings led to higher infiltration factors due to the larger extent of particle penetration into the building. The fan operation mode (on vs off) also has a strong impact, as the infiltration factor was consistently lower (up to 40%) when the fan was on due to additional particle deposition loss to the furnace filter and duct surfaces. C1 [Rim, Donghyun; Wallace, Lance A.; Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rim, D (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcdhrim@berkeley.edu RI Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) FX Participation of D.R. in this project was funded by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) through a U.S. Intergovernmental Personal Act. We thank Daniel Greb and Steven Nabinger who operated the NIST test house tracer gas analyzer and environmental systems. The full description of the procedures used in this paper requires the identification of certain commercial products and their suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such products or suppliers are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best materials, instruments, software, or suppliers for the purposes described. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 55 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 19 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1922 EP 1929 DI 10.1021/es303613e PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 095IA UT WOS:000315326700018 PM 23384189 ER PT J AU Katzenmeyer, AM Aksyuk, V Centrone, A AF Katzenmeyer, Aaron M. Aksyuk, Vladimir Centrone, Andrea TI Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy: Improving the Spectral Range of the Photothermal Induced Resonance Technique SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; NANOMETER-SCALE; ABSORPTION; AFM; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; FTIR AB Photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) is a new technique which combines the chemical specificity of infrared (IR) spectroscopy with the lateral resolution of atomic force microscopy (AFM). PTIR requires a pulsed tunable laser for sample excitation and an AFM tip to measure the sample expansion induced by light absorption. The limited tunability of commonly available laser sources constrains the application of the PTIR technique to a portion of the IR spectrum. In this work, a broadly tunable pulsed laser relying on a difference frequency generation scheme in a GaSe crystal to emit light tunable from 1.55 mu m to 16 mu m (from 6450 cm(-1) to 625 cm(-1)) was interfaced with a commercial PTIR instrument. The result is a materials characterization platform capable of chemical imaging, in registry with atomic force images, with a spatial resolution that notably surpasses the light diffraction limit throughout the entire mid-IR spectral range. PTIR nanoscale spectra and images allow the identification of compositionally and optically similar yet distinct materials; organic, inorganic, and composite samples can be studied with this nanoscale analog of infrared spectroscopy, suggesting broad applicability. Additionally, we compare the results obtained with the two tunable lasers, which have different pulse lengths, to experimentally assess the recently developed theory of PTIR signal generation. C1 [Katzenmeyer, Aaron M.; Aksyuk, Vladimir; Centrone, Andrea] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Centrone, Andrea] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrea.centrone@nist.gov RI Centrone, Andrea/H-5541-2013; Katzenmeyer, Aaron/F-7961-2014; OI Katzenmeyer, Aaron/0000-0002-5755-8537; Aksyuk, Vladimir/0000-0002-9653-4722 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX The authors acknowledge Kevin Kjoller of Anasys Instruments for providing the microtomed sample and Lucian Hand of Altos Photonics for the useful discussion on the laser systems. A.C. acknowledges support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program, Award 70NANB10H026, through the University of Maryland. A.C. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 52 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 19 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 4 BP 1972 EP 1979 DI 10.1021/ac303620y PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 095IC UT WOS:000315326900002 PM 23363013 ER PT J AU Sandberg, M Vissers, MR Ohki, TA Gao, JS Aumentado, J Weides, M Pappas, DP AF Sandberg, Martin Vissers, Michael R. Ohki, Thomas A. Gao, Jiansong Aumentado, Jose Weides, Martin Pappas, David P. TI Radiation-suppressed superconducting quantum bit in a planar geometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BELLS-INEQUALITY; VIOLATION; CIRCUITS; QUBITS; STATE AB We present a superconducting transmon qubit circuit design based on large, coplanar capacitor plates and a microstrip resonator. The microstrip geometry, with the ground plane on the back, enhances access to the circuit for state preparation and measurement relative to other designs. The device is fabricated on a silicon substrate using low loss, stoichiometric titanium nitride for the capacitor plates and a single small aluminium/aluminium-oxide/aluminium junction. We observe relaxation and coherence times of 11.7 +/- 0.2 mu s and 9.6 +/- 0.5 mu s, respectively, using spin echo. Calculations show that the close proximity of the superconducting back-plane has the added advantage of suppressing the otherwise high radiation loss of the qubit. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4792698] C1 [Sandberg, Martin; Vissers, Michael R.; Gao, Jiansong; Aumentado, Jose; Weides, Martin; Pappas, David P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ohki, Thomas A.] Raytheon BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Sandberg, M (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.sandberg@nist.gov; david.pappas@nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Weides, Martin/C-1470-2009 OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Weides, Martin/0000-0002-2718-6795 FU DARPA; NIST Quantum Information Program FX The authors are grateful for the input on the manuscript by Dan Slichter at NIST and the input by Goran Joansson and Anton Frisk Kockum at Chalmers University of Technology. We are also very grateful for the help of Mary Beth Rothwell at IBM T. J. Watson Research Center for assistance on the junction deposition. This work was supported by DARPA and the NIST Quantum Information Program. NR 28 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2013 VL 102 IS 7 AR 072601 DI 10.1063/1.4792698 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 099CK UT WOS:000315596700046 ER PT J AU Schroeder, ID Black, BA Sydeman, WJ Bograd, SJ Hazen, EL Santora, JA Wells, BK AF Schroeder, Isaac D. Black, Bryan A. Sydeman, William J. Bograd, Steven J. Hazen, Elliott L. Santora, Jarrod A. Wells, Brian K. TI The North Pacific High and wintertime pre-conditioning of California current productivity SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; SEASONALITY; PREDATORS; ECOSYSTEM; GROWTH AB Variations in large-scale atmospheric forcing influence upwelling dynamics and ecosystem productivity in the California Current System (CCS). In this paper, we characterize interannual variability of the North Pacific High over 40 years and investigate how variation in its amplitude and position affect upwelling and biology. We develop a winter upwelling "pre-conditioning" index and demonstrate its utility to understanding biological processes. Variation in the winter NPH can be well described by its areal extent and maximum pressure, which in turn is predictive of winter upwelling. Our winter pre-conditioning index explained 64% of the variation in biological responses (fish and seabirds). Understanding characteristics of the NPH in winter is therefore critical to predicting biological responses in the CCS. Citation: Schroeder, I. D., B. A. Black, W. J. Sydeman, S. J. Bograd, E. L. Hazen, J. A. Santora, and B. K. Wells (2013), The North Pacific High and wintertime pre-conditioning of California current productivity, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 541-546, doi:10.1002/grl.50100. C1 [Schroeder, Isaac D.; Bograd, Steven J.; Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SWFSC, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Black, Bryan A.] Univ Texas Austin, Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Santora, Jarrod A.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA USA. [Wells, Brian K.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SWFSC, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Schroeder, ID (reprint author), NOAA, Div Environm Res, SWFSC, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM isaac.schroeder@noaa.gov RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014; Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178; FU PRBO Conservation Science on the Farallon National Wildlife Refuge; US Fish and Wildlife Service; NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment; National Science Foundation [0929017] FX The seabird research was conducted and funded by PRBO Conservation Science on the Farallon National Wildlife Refuge, in collaboration with the US Fish and Wildlife Service. We thank PRBO and USFWS for data contributions to this project. Funding was provided by NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program, NOAA's California Current Integrated Ecosystem Assessment, and the National Science Foundation under grant 0929017. Special thanks to John Field and David Huff for reviewing earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 22 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3 BP 541 EP 546 DI 10.1002/grl.50100 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 129HX UT WOS:000317831000015 ER PT J AU Kort, EA Angevine, WM Duren, R Miller, CE AF Kort, Eric A. Angevine, Wayne M. Duren, Riley Miller, Charles E. TI Surface observations for monitoring urban fossil fuel CO2 emissions: Minimum site location requirements for the Los Angeles megacity SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; GAS EMISSIONS; STILT MODEL; FLUXES AB The contemporary global carbon cycle is dominated by perturbations from anthropogenic CO2 emissions. One approach to identify, quantify, and monitor anthropogenic emissions is to focus on intensely emitting urban areas. In this study, we compare the ability of different CO2 observing systems to constrain anthropogenic flux estimates in the Los Angeles megacity. We consider different observing system configurations based on existing observations and realistic near-term extensions of the current ad hoc network. We use a high-resolution regional model (Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport-Weather Research and Forecasting) to simulate different observations and observational network designs within and downwind of the Los Angeles (LA) basin. A Bayesian inverse method is employed to quantify the relative ability of each network to improve constraints on flux estimates. Ground-based column CO2 observations provide useful complementary information to surface observations due to lower sensitivity to localized dynamics, but column CO2 observations from a single site do not appear to provide sensitivity to emissions from the entire LA megacity. Surface observations from remote, downwind sites contain weak, sporadic urban signals and are complicated by other source/sink impacts, limiting their usefulness for quantifying urban fluxes in LA. We find a network of eight optimally located in-city surface observation sites provides the minimum sampling required for accurate monitoring of CO2 emissions in LA, and present a recommended baseline network design. We estimate that this network can distinguish fluxes on 8 week time scales and 10 km spatial scales to within similar to 12 g C m(-2) d(-1) (similar to 10% of average peak fossil CO2 flux in the LA domain). Citation: Kort, E. A., W. M. Angevine, R. Duren, and C. E. Miller (2013), Surface observations for monitoring urban fossil fuel CO2 emissions: Minimum site location requirements for the Los Angeles megacity, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, doi:10.1002/jgrd.50135. C1 [Kort, Eric A.] CALTECH, WM Keck Inst Space Studies, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Kort, Eric A.; Duren, Riley; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kort, EA (reprint author), CALTECH, WM Keck Inst Space Studies, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Eric.A.Kort@jpl.nasa.gov RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; FU W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies; NASA FX E.A.K. thanks the W. M. Keck Institute for Space Studies for support. Portions of this work were performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA. The author's would also like to thank the Megacity Carbon project team for useful discussion and feedback. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50135 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LC UT WOS:000317839700032 ER PT J AU Jiang, XW Yang, S Li, YQ Kumar, A Wang, WQ Gao, ZT AF Jiang, Xingwen Yang, Song Li, Yueqing Kumar, Arun Wang, Wanqiu Gao, Zongting TI Dynamical prediction of the East Asian winter monsoon by the NCEP Climate Forecast System SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; SUMMER MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE; LEADING MODES; JANUARY 2008; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION; CHINA AB The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) provides important source of information on seasonal climate prediction for many Asian countries that are affected by monsoon. In this study, the authors provide a comprehensive assessment of the prediction of East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) by the CFS version 2 (CFSv2) using the hindcast for 1983-2010, with a focus on seasonal-interannual time scales. Output from the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) simulations is also analyzed to understand the physical process of monsoon. Several major features of the EAWM are well predicted by the CFSv2. Particularly, the EAWM-related atmospheric circulation and surface climate over oceans are well predicted several months in advance, and the prediction over oceans is better than that over land. While the CFSv2 has low skill in predicting the Arctic Oscillation (AO), it well predicts El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its impact on the EAWM, contributing to the decent prediction of EAWM. Comparisons among hindcast, AMIP, and CMIP indicate that ocean-atmosphere coupling is important for EAWM prediction. While the EAWM in AMIP is weaker, CMIP predicts more realistic monsoon features. The enhanced performance of CMIP is partly attributed to its better simulation of precipitation over the western Maritime Continent (MC). All three types of experiments fail to depict the relationship between EAWM and AO and simulate a stronger-than-observed response of EAWM to ENSO. Improving the simulation of convection over the MC potentially enhances the skill of CFSv2 in predicting the EAWM. C1 [Jiang, Xingwen; Li, Yueqing] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Plateau Meteorol, Chengdu, Sichuan, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kumar, Arun; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Gao, Zongting] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yangsong3@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41105061]; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB417202]; Basic Research and Operation Program of the Institute of Plateau Meteorology; CMA [BROP201215]; Sun Yat-sen University "985 Project" Phase 3; Open Research Fund Program of Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province [PAEKL-2011-C2]; R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) [GYHY201106015]; U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program FX The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved the overall quality of the paper. This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41105061), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant 2012CB417202), the Basic Research and Operation Program of the Institute of Plateau Meteorology, CMA (Grant BROP201215), Sun Yat-sen University "985 Project" Phase 3, the Open Research Fund Program of Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province (Grant PAEKL-2011-C2), and the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (Grant GYHY201106015). Xingwen Jiang, who was partially supported by the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program, thanks NOAA's Climate Prediction Center for hosting his visit while this study was conducted. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1312 EP 1328 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50193 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LC UT WOS:000317839700015 ER PT J AU Klein, SA Zhang, YY Zelinka, MD Pincus, R Boyle, J Gleckler, PJ AF Klein, Stephen A. Zhang, Yuying Zelinka, Mark D. Pincus, Robert Boyle, James Gleckler, Peter J. TI Are climate model simulations of clouds improving? An evaluation using the ISCCP simulator SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; VERSION 3 CAM3; HADLEY-CENTER; PART I; INSTRUMENT SIMULATORS; MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; SHALLOW CONVECTION; SINGLE-COLUMN; SENSITIVITY AB The annual cycle climatology of cloud amount, cloud-top pressure, and optical thickness in two generations of climate models is compared to satellite observations to identify changes over time in the fidelity of simulated clouds. In more recent models, there is widespread reduction of a bias associated with too many highly reflective clouds, with the best models having eliminated this bias. With increased amounts of clouds with lesser reflectivity, the compensating errors that permit models to simulate the time-mean radiation balance have been reduced. Errors in cloud amount as a function of height or climate regime on average show little or no improvement, although greater improvement can be found in individual models. C1 [Klein, Stephen A.; Zhang, Yuying; Zelinka, Mark D.; Boyle, James; Gleckler, Peter J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Pincus, Robert] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Klein, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, 7000 East Ave,L-103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM klein21@llnl.gov RI Zhang, Yuying/H-5011-2012; Gleckler, Peter/H-4762-2012; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Zelinka, Mark/C-4627-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Gleckler, Peter/0000-0003-2816-6224; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Zelinka, Mark/0000-0002-6570-5445; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X FU Regional and Global Climate and Earth System Modeling programs of the United States Department of Energy's Office of Science; United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; NASA [NNX11AF09G]; NSF [AGS 1138394] FX We acknowledge the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Tables 1 and 2 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. The efforts of authors from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory were supported by the Regional and Global Climate and Earth System Modeling programs of the United States Department of Energy's Office of Science and were performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Robert Pincus appreciates support from NASA under grant NNX11AF09G and from NSF under grant AGS 1138394. We thank Ben Sanderson for providing ISCCP simulator output from the CCSM4 slab-ocean model; Alejandro Bodas-Salcedo for providing additional ISCCP simulator output from the Hadley Center models; and Tim Andrews and Mark Webb for providing estimates of cloud feedbacks, adjustments, and climate sensitivities for several models. We thank a number of individuals for helping us to understand the reasons for changes in their models, specifically Jason Cole, Leo Donner, Andrew Gettelman, Chris Golaz, Johannes Quaas, Masahiro Watanabe, and Mark Webb. We also thank Shaocheng Xie for conversations. NR 63 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1329 EP 1342 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50141 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LC UT WOS:000317839700016 ER PT J AU Han, M Braun, SA Matsui, T Williams, CR AF Han, Mei Braun, Scott A. Matsui, Toshihisa Williams, Christopher R. TI Evaluation of cloud microphysics schemes in simulations of a winter storm using radar and radiometer measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; PART II; MICROWAVE-FREQUENCIES; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; ICE; SNOW; TRMM; PARAMETERIZATION AB Using observations from a space-borne radiometer and a ground-based precipitation profiling radar, the impact of cloud microphysics schemes in the WRF model on the simulation of microwave brightness temperature (T-b), radar reflectivity, and Doppler velocity (V-dop) is studied for a winter storm in California. The unique assumptions of particles size distributions, number concentrations, shapes, and fall speeds in different microphysics schemes are implemented into a satellite simulator and customized calculations for the radar are performed to ensure consistent representation of precipitation properties between the microphysics schemes and the radiative transfer models. [ 2] Simulations with four different schemes in the WRF model, including the Goddard scheme (GSFC), the WRF single-moment 6-class scheme (WSM6), the Thompson scheme (THOM), and the Morrison double-moment scheme (MORR), are compared directly with measurements from the sensors. Results show large variations in the simulated radiative properties. General biases of similar to 20 K or larger are found in (polarization-corrected) T-b, which is linked to an overestimate of the precipitating ice aloft. The simulated reflectivity with THOM appears to agree well with the observations, while high biases of similar to 5-10 dBZ are found in GSFC, WSM6 and MORR. Peak reflectivity in MORR exceeds other schemes. These biases are attributable to the snow intercept parameters or the snow number concentrations. Simulated V-dop values based on GSFC agree with the observations well, while other schemes appear to have a similar to 1 m s(-1) high bias in the ice layer. In the rain layer, the model representations of Doppler velocity vary at different sites. C1 [Han, Mei] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. [Han, Mei; Braun, Scott A.; Matsui, Toshihisa] NASA GSFC, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Matsui, Toshihisa] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Williams, Christopher R.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Han, M (reprint author), NASA GSFC, Mesoscale Atmospher Proc Lab, Code 612, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Mei.Han@nasa.gov RI Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 FU NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission science program FX The author wants to thank Drs. Lin Tian, Liang Liao, Xiaowen Li, and Bill Olson at NASA/GSFC for many beneficial discussions related to radar algorithms and cloud modeling. Model simulations were performed on the NASS Discover Cluster. Comments from three anonymous reviewers were very helpful on improving the manuscript. This work was supported by Dr. Ramesh Kakar at NASA Headquarters with funds from the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission science program. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1401 EP 1419 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50115 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LC UT WOS:000317839700021 ER PT J AU Nalli, NR Barnet, CD Gambacorta, A Maddy, ES Xie, H King, TS Joseph, E Morris, VR AF Nalli, Nicholas R. Barnet, Christopher D. Gambacorta, Antonia Maddy, Eric S. Xie, Hua King, Thomas S. Joseph, Everette Morris, Vernon R. TI On the angular effect of residual clouds and aerosols in clear-sky infrared window radiance observations 2. Satellite experimental analyses SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SURFACE-LEAVING RADIANCE; PATMOS CLIMATE DATASET; REFLECTION MODEL; VALIDATION; ATMOSPHERE; EMISSIVITY; RETRIEVAL; LAYER; OCEAN AB This paper continues an investigation into the zenith angular effect of cloud-contamination within "clear-sky" infrared (IR) radiance observations commonly used in the retrieval of environmental data records (EDRs), which include "cloud-cleared radiances" (as is typical from hyper/ultra spectral IR sounders), as well as "cloud-masked" data (as is typical from imagers). The simple probability of clear line of sight (PCLoS) models and sensitivity studies of Part 1 (Nalli et al., 2012a) are corroborated with experimental analyses of environmental satellite data products as functions of sensor zenith angle, including sounder cloud-cleared radiances (CCRs) and retrieved effective cloud fraction, as well as narrowband imager cloud masking. Analyses of hyperspectral microwindow calc - obs are performed using MetOp-A Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) CCR observations matched to dedicated radiosonde observations (RAOBs) during intensive validation field campaigns. The IASI calc - obs are found to exhibit a systematic positive bias with a strong concave-up variation with satellite zenith angle (i.e., an increasing positive bias symmetric over the scanning range) on the order of 1-3 K in magnitude, a signal associated with both residual clouds and dust aerosols. This is corroborated by analysis of the IASI retrieved effective cloud fraction product compared to the expected angular variations predicted by the PCLoS models, which show that the observed concave-up calc - obs variation may be the result of contamination by mid-to-upper tropospheric clouds. Finally, a corollary global analysis of the MetOp-A Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) cloud-mask shows concave-up variation that may be underestimating the angular variation for global ensembles containing clouds with vertical development (i.e., aspect ratios >0.5). The results presented in this work thus support the sensitivity studies of Part 1, indicating that contamination by residual clouds and/or aerosols within clear-sky observations can have a measurable concave-up impact on the angular agreement of observations with calculations. C1 [Nalli, Nicholas R.; Gambacorta, Antonia; Maddy, Eric S.; Xie, Hua; King, Thomas S.] IM Syst Grp IMSG Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Nalli, Nicholas R.; Barnet, Christopher D.; Gambacorta, Antonia; Xie, Hua; King, Thomas S.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Maddy, Eric S.] STC, Columbia, MD USA. [Joseph, Everette; Morris, Vernon R.] Howard Univ, NOAA Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict NCWCP, NOAA NESDIS STAR, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Nick.Nalli@noaa.gov RI Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Gambacorta, Antonia/E-7937-2011 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Gambacorta, Antonia/0000-0002-2446-9132 FU NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Office (NJO); NASA Research Announcement (NRA) [NNH09ZDA001N]; Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES); GOES-R Algorithm Working Group (AWG); STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD); NOAA Educational Partnership Program [NA17AE1625]; NOAA [NA17AE1623] FX This research was supported by the NOAA Joint Polar Satellite System Office (NJO), NASA Research Announcement (NRA) NNH09ZDA001N, Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science (ROSES-2009), Program Element A. 41 (The Science of Terra and Aqua), the GOES-R Algorithm Working Group (AWG) (W. W. Wolf and T. Schmit, STAR AWG leads), and the STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division (SMCD) (M. D. Goldberg, SMCD Division Chief). AEROSE is supported by the NOAA Educational Partnership Program grant NA17AE1625, NOAA grant NA17AE1623 to establish the NOAA Center for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) at Howard University. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1420 EP 1435 DI 10.1029/2012JD018260 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LC UT WOS:000317839700022 ER PT J AU Pavolonis, MJ Heidinger, AK Sieglaff, J AF Pavolonis, Michael J. Heidinger, Andrew K. Sieglaff, Justin TI Automated retrievals of volcanic ash and dust cloud properties from upwelling infrared measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL DEPTH; EYJAFJALLAJOKULL ERUPTION; EFFECTIVE EMISSIVITY; NORTH-ATLANTIC; SATELLITE DATA; DESERT DUST; CALIPSO; AVHRR; TEMPERATURE; PARTICLES AB A fully automated, globally applicable algorithm to retrieve ash and dust cloud properties from infrared satellite measurements is presented. The algorithm, which will serve as the official operational algorithm of the next generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R), utilizes an optimal estimation framework that allows uncertainties in the measurements and forward model to be taken into account and uncertainty estimates for each of the retrieved parameters to be determined. The retrieval approach is globally applicable because background atmospheric water vapor, surface temperature, and surface emissivity are explicitly accounted for on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The retrieval is demonstrated using the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on-board the Second Generation Meteosat. Ash clouds from the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland and the 2010 eruption of Soufriere Hills in the eastern Caribbean and a Saharan dust cloud were analyzed, and the accuracy of the retrieval was evaluated using spaceborne lidar measurements. The validation analysis shows that the retrieved ash/dust cloud height, cloud emissivity, and effective particle radius generally agrees well with lidar measurements, especially when volcanic ash clouds are assumed to be composed of andesite and dust clouds composed of kaolinite. C1 [Pavolonis, Michael J.; Heidinger, Andrew K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Sieglaff, Justin] Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Pavolonis, MJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Mike.Pavolonis@noaa.gov RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 65 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2013 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1436 EP 1458 DI 10.1002/jgrd.50173 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129LC UT WOS:000317839700023 ER PT J AU Potter, TL Bosch, DD Dieppa, A Whitall, DR Strickland, TC AF Potter, Thomas L. Bosch, David D. Dieppa, Angel Whitall, David R. Strickland, Timothy C. TI Atrazine fate and transport within the coastal zone in southeastern Puerto Rico SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Herbicide; Soil; Dissipation; Runoff; Groundwater; Tropical; Storm ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; SURFACE-WATER; HERBICIDE; DEGRADATION; DISSIPATION; PESTICIDES; SOILS; DEETHYLATRAZINE; IMPACT AB Agrichemical transport to coastal waters may have adverse ecological impact. This work examined atrazine fate and transport in a field adjacent to Puerto Rico's Jobos Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. The herbicide's use was linked to residue detection in shallow groundwater and movement toward the estuary; however, data indicated that transport via this pathway was small. In contrast, surface runoff as tropical storm systems moved through the area appeared to have high potential for atrazine transport. In this case, transport to the estuary was limited by runoff event timing relative to atrazine application and very rapid atrazine dissipation (DT50 = 1-3 days) in field soil. Soil incubation studies showed that accelerated degradation conditions had developed in the field due to repeated atrazine treatment. To improve weed management, atrazine replacement with other herbicide(s) is recommended. Use of products that have greater soil persistence may increase runoff risk. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Potter, Thomas L.; Bosch, David D.; Strickland, Timothy C.] USDA ARS, Southeast Watershed Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. [Dieppa, Angel] Jobos Bay Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Aguirre, PR 00704 USA. [Whitall, David R.] NOAA Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Potter, TL (reprint author), USDA ARS, Southeast Watershed Lab, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. EM Tom.Potter@ars.usda.gov OI Strickland, Timothy/0000-0001-6889-503X FU USDA-NRCS through the CEAP program FX USDA-ARS employees, Margie Whittle, Sally Belflower, Laura Marshall, Lorine Lewis, and Coby Smith and Jacqueline Vega-Perez, Gerson Ardila-Sierra, and David Sotomayor-Ramirez, University of Puerto Rico - Mayaguez, provided essential field and laboratory support. Thanks also to the JBNERR-DNER program staff for their support and collaboration, to Jose M. Rodriguez, USGS, Ellis Benham and Edwin Mas, USDA-NRCS, the Puerto Rico Land Authority and Efrain Ayala-Benitez, Salinas Silage Inc. USDA-NRCS provided funds for this research through the CEAP program. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 67 IS 1-2 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.12.004 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 111MV UT WOS:000316526300018 PM 23321597 ER PT J AU Sanciangco, JC Carpenter, KE Etnoyer, PJ Moretzsohn, F AF Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Carpenter, Kent E. Etnoyer, Peter J. Moretzsohn, Fabio TI Habitat Availability and Heterogeneity and the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool as Predictors of Marine Species Richness in the Tropical Indo-Pacific SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; WEST PACIFIC; BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS; BIOGEOGRAPHY; ORIGIN; SPECIATION; INDONESIA AB Range overlap patterns were observed in a dataset of 10,446 expert-derived marine species distribution maps, including 8,295 coastal fishes, 1,212 invertebrates (crustaceans and molluscs), 820 reef-building corals, 50 seagrasses, and 69 mangroves. Distributions of tropical Indo-Pacific shore fishes revealed a concentration of species richness in the northern apex and central region of the Coral Triangle epicenter of marine biodiversity. This pattern was supported by distributions of invertebrates and habitat-forming primary producers. Habitat availability, heterogeneity, and sea surface temperatures were highly correlated with species richness across spatial grains ranging from 23,000 to 5,100,000 km(2) with and without correction for autocorrelation. The consistent retention of habitat variables in our predictive models supports the area of refuge hypothesis which posits reduced extinction rates in the Coral Triangle. This does not preclude support for a center of origin hypothesis that suggests increased speciation in the region may contribute to species richness. In addition, consistent retention of sea surface temperatures in models suggests that available kinetic energy may also be an important factor in shaping patterns of marine species richness. Kinetic energy may hasten rates of both extinction and speciation. The position of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool to the east of the Coral Triangle in central Oceania and a pattern of increasing species richness from this region into the central and northern parts of the Coral Triangle suggests peripheral speciation with enhanced survival in the cooler parts of the Coral Triangle that also have highly concentrated available habitat. These results indicate that conservation of habitat availability and heterogeneity is important to reduce extinction of marine species and that changes in sea surface temperatures may influence the evolutionary potential of the region. C1 [Sanciangco, Jonnell C.; Carpenter, Kent E.] Int Union Conservat Nat, Marine Biodivers Unit Global Marine Species Asses, Global Species Programme, Gland, Switzerland. [Sanciangco, Jonnell C.; Carpenter, Kent E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Etnoyer, Peter J.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Moretzsohn, Fabio] Texas A&M Univ, Harte Res Inst Gulf Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, TX USA. RP Sanciangco, JC (reprint author), Int Union Conservat Nat, Marine Biodivers Unit Global Marine Species Asses, Global Species Programme, Gland, Switzerland. EM jsanc005@odu.edu FU New Hampshire Charitable Foundation; Thomas W. Haas Foundation FX This research was generously supported by core funding from the Tom Haas and the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation, and the Thomas W. Haas Foundation. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 119 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 71 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e56245 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0056245 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 099EQ UT WOS:000315603700030 PM 23457533 ER PT J AU Oh, SB Lu, ZQJ Tsai, JC Chen, HH Barbastathis, G Luo, Y AF Oh, Se Baek Lu, Zhan-Qian John Tsai, Jui-Chang Chen, Hsi-Hsun Barbastathis, George Luo, Yuan TI Phase-coded volume holographic gratings for spatial-spectral imaging filters SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM AB We present a design of phase-contrast filters embedded in a three-dimensional pupil to form phase-coded volume holographic gratings (VHGs) for spatial-spectral imaging. The phase-coded VHG improves image contrast and results in strong filtering properties to acquire weak phase structures of an object. In addition, incorporated with in-plane angle multiplexing, the multiplexed phase-coded VHGs enable obtaining weak phase information from multiple depths of an object. We experimentally demonstrate the multiplexed phase-coded VHGs for spatial-spectral imaging to enhance unstained features of spatial-spectral images of human breast cancer cells. (c) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Oh, Se Baek] KLA Tencor Corp, Milpitas, CA 95035 USA. [Lu, Zhan-Qian John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tsai, Jui-Chang; Chen, Hsi-Hsun; Luo, Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Optoelect Biomed, Taipei 10051, Taiwan. [Chen, Hsi-Hsun; Luo, Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Mol Imaging Ctr, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Barbastathis, George] MIT, Dept Mech Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Barbastathis, George] Singapore MIT Alliance Res & Technol SMART Ctr, Singapore 117543, Singapore. RP Luo, Y (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Optoelect Biomed, Taipei 10051, Taiwan. EM yuanluo@ntu.edu.tw OI TSAI, JUI-CHANG/0000-0003-2723-6841; YUAN, LUO/0000-0001-9776-7897 FU Taiwan NSC [100-2218-E-002-026-MY3]; NTU [102R7822]; NHRI [EX102-10220EC]; Singapore SMART Centre [015824-039]; [NIH-RO1CA134424] FX The authors thank Roger Kamm, Ioannis Zervantonakis, John Brownlee, and Raymond Kostuk for valuable discussions. Financial support was provided from Taiwan NSC 100-2218-E-002-026-MY3, NTU 102R7822, NHRI EX102-10220EC, and US NIH-RO1CA134424, and from Singapore SMART Centre grant no. 015824-039. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 38 IS 4 BP 477 EP 479 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 099EB UT WOS:000315601700031 PM 23455108 ER PT J AU Gamon, JA Huemmrich, KF Stone, RS Tweedie, CE AF Gamon, John A. Huemmrich, K. Fred Stone, Robert S. Tweedie, Craig E. TI Spatial and temporal variation in primary productivity (NDVI) of coastal Alaskan tundra: Decreased vegetation growth following earlier snowmelt SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Growing season length; Snowmelt; Arctic tundra productivity; Drought; NDVI; Spectral reflectance; Remote sensing; Temperature ID ARCTIC TUNDRA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTHERN ALASKA; SOIL-MOISTURE; CO2 EXCHANGE; CARBON-CYCLE; TEMPERATURE; ECOSYSTEMS; COMMUNITIES; RESPONSES AB In the Arctic, earlier snowmelt and longer growing seasons due to warming have been hypothesized to increase vegetation productivity. Using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from both field and satellite measurements as an indicator of vegetation phenology and productivity, we monitored spatial and temporal patterns of vegetation growth for a coastal wet sedge tundra site near Barrow, Alaska over three growing seasons (2000-2002). Contrary to expectation, earlier snowmelt did not lead to increased productivity. Instead, productivity was associated primarily with precipitation and soil moisture, and secondarily with growing degree days, which, during this period, led to reduced growth in years with earlier snowmelt. Additional moisture effects on productivity and species distribution, operating over a longer time scale, were evident in spatial NDVI patterns associated with microtopography. Lower, wetter regions dominated by graminoids were more productive than higher, drier locations having a higher percentage of lichens and mosses, despite the earlier snowmelt at the more elevated sites. These results call into question the oft-stated hypothesis that earlier arctic growing seasons will lead to greater vegetation productivity. Rather, they agree with an emerging body of evidence from recent field studies indicating that early-season, local environmental conditions, notably moisture and temperature, are primary factors determining arctic vegetation productivity. For this coastal arctic site, early growing season conditions are strongly influenced by microtopography, hydrology, and regional sea ice dynamics, and may not be easily predicted from snowmelt date or seasonal average air temperatures alone. Our comparison of field to satellite NDVI also highlights the value of in-situ monitoring of actual vegetation responses using field optical sampling to obtain detailed information on surface conditions not possible from satellite observations alone. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Gamon, John A.; Huemmrich, K. Fred] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Gamon, John A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Huemmrich, K. Fred] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol JCET, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Stone, Robert S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Stone, Robert S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tweedie, Craig E.] Univ Texas El Paso, Dept Biol, Syst Ecol Lab, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP Gamon, JA (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada. EM gamon@ualberta.ca RI Gamon, John/A-2641-2014 OI Gamon, John/0000-0002-8269-7723 FU IARC through the Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada; NASA; NSF; NSERC; iCORE/AITF FX We wish to thank Stan Houston, Erika Anderson, and Jean Van Dalen for assistance in field data collection. Dan Endres and other BRW staff provided helpful discussions and temperature data, David Longenecker and Ellsworth Dutton provided radiation data, Gina Sturm at the National Weather Service's Barrow office provided precipitation data, Cathy Seybold at the United States Department of Agriculture provided technical details of the soil moisture measurements, Suresh-Kumar Santhana-Vannan at ORNL DAAC provided advice on MODIS NDVI products, and the staff of the Barrow Arctic Science Consortium provided field logistical support. We are grateful to the Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation (UIC) for permitting access. Funding for the field component of this study was provided by IARC to J.A. Gamon and K.F. Huemmrich through the Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada. Additional support was provided by NASA and NSF, and final data analysis was supported by NSERC and iCORE/AITF grants to J.A. Gamon. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 12 U2 171 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 129 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.030 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 095BA UT WOS:000315308300013 ER PT J AU Araujo-Pradere, EA Buresova, D Fuller-Rowell, DJ Fuller-Rowell, TJ AF Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A. Buresova, Dalia Fuller-Rowell, Dominic J. Fuller-Rowell, Tim J. TI Initial results of the evaluation of IRI hmF2 performance for minima 22-23 and 23-24 SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Solar minima; Ionosphere; hmF2; IRI ID IONOSPHERIC VARIABILITY; ELECTRON-CONCENTRATION; REAL-TIME; IONOGRAMS; LATITUDE; HEIGHT AB The performance of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) in predicting the height of the maximum of electron density (hmF2) has been evaluated for similar geomagnetic latitudes stations in the northern hemisphere (NH) and southern hemisphere (SH), and for the last two minima. As truth-sites, the digisonde stations of Millstone Hill (42.6 degrees N, 288.5 degrees E), USA, and Grahamstown (33.3 degrees S, 26.5 degrees E), South Africa, were considered. A monthly averaged diurnal variation was obtained from all the observations and model output in the months studied, and the corresponding difference was also calculated. For this initial study data from summer and winter in the NH and SH were selected for the solstice comparison, and October data for both stations were used to represent equinox conditions. The choice of these periods depended on data availability and quality. The results show that for the earlier minimum in 1996, in general IRI hmF2 values are in reasonable agreement with the observations. The exceptions are October and December in the SH, where IRI hmF2 tends to high, particularly on the dayside, and also July for which the daytime measured values tend to be larger than the IRI ones. For the recent minimum in 2008, IRI tends to over-estimate the hmF2 in most of the observations. The results support the general assertion that thermospheric temperatures were cooler during the last solar minimum as a consequence of an unusually low, and extended, minimum in solar extreme-ultraviolet flux, and in response to continually increasing long-term trend in anthropogenic carbon dioxide. The cooler temperatures not only decrease density at a fixed height, but also make the corresponding contraction of the atmosphere lower the height of the F-region peak. (C) 2012 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.; Fuller-Rowell, Dominic J.; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] NOAA, SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Buresova, Dalia] ASCR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Prague 4, Czech Republic. [Fuller-Rowell, Dominic J.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Araujo-Pradere, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway W NP9, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Eduardo.Araujo@noaa.gov; buresd@ufa.cas.cz; Dominic.Fuller-Rowell@noaa.gov; Tim.Fuller-Rowell@noaa.gov RI Buresova, Dalia/G-4514-2014 FU NASA LWS grant [E2018171]; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [M100420901]; NGDC-NOAA FX The first author's work was partially funded by NASA LWS grant E2018171. Dr. Araujo-Pradere also acknowledges the useful discussions with Dr. A. Patron. Grant M100420901 of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic supported Dr Buresovas work. D. Fuller-Rowell acknowledges the financial support of NGDC-NOAA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 51 IS 4 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2012.02.010 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 090YI UT WOS:000315015500009 ER PT J AU Purdy, TP Peterson, RW Regal, CA AF Purdy, T. P. Peterson, R. W. Regal, C. A. TI Observation of Radiation Pressure Shot Noise on a Macroscopic Object SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM-NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENT; GROUND-STATE; CAVITY; OSCILLATOR; MOTION AB The quantum mechanics of position measurement of a macroscopic object is typically inaccessible because of strong coupling to the environment and classical noise. In this work, we monitor a mechanical resonator subject to an increasingly strong continuous position measurement and observe a quantum mechanical back-action force that rises in accordance with the Heisenberg uncertainty limit. For our optically based position measurements, the back-action takes the form of a fluctuating radiation pressure from the Poisson-distributed photons in the coherent measurement field, termed radiation pressure shot noise. We demonstrate a back-action force that is comparable in magnitude to the thermal forces in our system. Additionally, we observe a temporal correlation between fluctuations in the radiation force and in the position of the resonator. C1 [Purdy, T. P.; Peterson, R. W.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Purdy, T. P.; Peterson, R. W.; Regal, C. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Purdy, T. P.; Peterson, R. W.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Purdy, TP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tpp@jila.colorado.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum-Assisted Sensing and Readout program; Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program; JILA NSF Physics Frontier Center; National Research Council; Clare Boothe Luce foundation FX We thank P.-L. Yu for technical assistance and K. Lehnert's group for helpful discussions. This work is supported by: the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum-Assisted Sensing and Readout program, the Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Program, and the JILA NSF Physics Frontier Center. T. P. P. thanks the National Research Council for support. C. A. R. thanks the Clare Boothe Luce foundation for support. NR 30 TC 141 Z9 141 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 339 IS 6121 BP 801 EP 804 DI 10.1126/science.1231282 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 088YS UT WOS:000314874400043 PM 23413350 ER PT J AU Kang, MG Lezec, HJ Sharifi, F AF Kang, Myung-Gyu Lezec, Henri J. Sharifi, Fred TI Stable field emission from nanoporous silicon carbide SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON NANOTUBES; EMITTER ARRAYS; CATHODES AB We report on a new type of stable field emitter capable of electron emission at levels comparable to thermal sources. Such an emitter potentially enables significant advances in several important technologies which currently use thermal electron sources. These include communications through microwave electronics, and more notably imaging for medicine and security where new modalities of detection may arise due to variable-geometry x-ray sources. Stable emission of 6 A cm(-2) is demonstrated in a macroscopic array, and lifetime measurements indicate these new emitters are sufficiently robust to be considered for realistic implementation. The emitter is a monolithic structure, and is made in a room-temperature process. It is fabricated from a silicon carbide wafer, which is formed into a highly porous structure resembling an aerogel, and further patterned into an array. The emission properties may be tuned both through control of the nanoscale morphology and the macroscopic shape of the emitter array. C1 [Kang, Myung-Gyu; Lezec, Henri J.; Sharifi, Fred] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kang, Myung-Gyu] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kang, MG (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fred.sharifi@nist.gov FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX The authors thank Dr Rachel Cannara for numerous insightful discussions. M-GK acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through award 70NANB10H193. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 50 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 24 IS 6 AR 065201 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/6/065201 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 075UI UT WOS:000313911900003 PM 23324430 ER PT J AU Watson, BJ Hammouda, B Briber, RM Hutcheson, SW AF Watson, Brian J. Hammouda, Boualem Briber, Robert M. Hutcheson, Steven W. TI Influence of Organic Liquids on the Nanostructure of Precipitated Cellulose SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cellulose; lignocellulose; biomass; nanostructure; small-angle neutron scattering ID ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS; SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE; ORGANOSOLV PRETREATMENT; MODEL FILMS; DILUTE-ACID; ACCESSIBILITY; SPECTROSCOPY; DISSOLUTION; SURFACES AB Organic liquids have been used in pretreatments to improve the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass, ultimately reducing the amount of enzyme required to digest the material to its constituent sugars. To understand the influence of these solvents on cellulose nanostructure, phosphoric acid was used to solubilize cellulose (PAS cellulose) followed by washing of the PAS cellulose with organic liquids previously demonstrated to aid pretreatment. PAS cellulose washed using methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol had gel-like properties with disrupted nanostructures. PAS cellulose washed with acetone, 2-propanol, and water yielded an opaque white precipitate. Small-angle neutron scattering indicated the formation of loosely bundled rods of cellulose in the gel-like material. Fourier transform infrared resonance of solvent-washed, flash-dried PAS cellulose suggested an increase in interchain hydrogen bonds in the gel-like precipitates relative to the more obvious precipitates formed in other solvents. The optimal wash liquid was determined to be 40% by volume ethanol in water to induce a highly digestible, gel-like material. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127: 2620-2627, 2013 C1 [Watson, Brian J.; Hutcheson, Steven W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Watson, Brian J.; Briber, Robert M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hutcheson, SW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Cell Biol & Mol Genet, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hutcheso@umd.edu RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 FU National Science Foundation [DEB0621297, DMR-0944772]; Maryland Industrial Partnership (MIPS) program [4516] FX This research was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (DEB0621297) to SWH and the Maryland Industrial Partnership (MIPS) program (4516) to RMB. The work of BH was also supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The authors express their sincere gratitude to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in particular the staff of the NIST Center for Neutron Research for their assistance with SANS and FTIR. The identification of commercial products or experimental methods does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 127 IS 4 BP 2620 EP 2627 DI 10.1002/app.37540 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 062QM UT WOS:000312935900032 ER PT J AU Verwolf, A White, G Poling, C AF Verwolf, Adrian White, Grady Poling, Chris TI Effects of Substrate Composition and Roughness on Mechanical Properties and Conformality of Parylene C Coatings SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Parylene C; nanoindentation; modulus; hardness; conformal ID SENSING INDENTATION; THIN-FILMS AB Nanoindentation was used to determine reduced elastic modulus Er and hardness H of 16 mu m thick Parylene C coatings vapor-deposited on mill-finished samples of aluminum, copper, nickel steel, and stainless steel. Profilometry was used to compare average surface roughnesses of the polymeric coatings to the roughnesses of the underlying metals, thereby providing a quantitative index for determining conformality. Roughness, elasticity, and hardness of coatings were found to be affected by both chemical composition and surface roughness of four different metallic substrates. Standard nanoindentation evaluations of Er and H distributions for the various metals were found to be positively skewed, which precluded use of simple averages for purposes of comparison. However, analysis of the nanoindentation and profilometry data by use of alternative techniques indicated that coatings were consistently smoother and flatter than their underlying substrates, i.e., they were not truly conformal, and nanomechanical properties of Parylene C were affected by the chemical composition of the substrates independently of the effects of substrate roughness. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 127: 2969-2976, 2013 C1 [Verwolf, Adrian; White, Grady; Poling, Chris] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verwolf, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, MS 653 Boulder, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM adrian.verwolf@sundropfuels.com FU Research Associateship Programs Fellowships Office of the National Research Council FX A portion of this work was supported by the Research Associateship Programs Fellowships Office of the National Research Council. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 26 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD FEB 15 PY 2013 VL 127 IS 4 BP 2969 EP 2976 DI 10.1002/app.37972 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 062QM UT WOS:000312935900077 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK AF Irikura, Karl K. TI Gas-Phase Energetics of Thorium Fluorides and Their Ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BASIS-SETS; ACTINIDE TETRAHALIDES; GASEOUS THORIUM; ATOMS; 1ST; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; THERMODYNAMICS; SPECTROSCOPY; COMPLEXES; HALIDES AB Gas-phase thermochemistry for neutral ThFn and cations ThFn+ (n = 1-4) is obtained from large-basis CCSD(T) calculations, with a small-core pseudopotential on thorium. Electronic partition functions are computed with the help of relativistic MRCI calculations. Geometries, vibrational spectra, electronic fine structure, and ion appearance energies are tabulated. These results support the experimental results by Lau, Brittain, and Hildenbrand for the neutral species, except for ThF. The ion thermochemistry is presented here for the first time. C1 NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 6 BP 1276 EP 1282 DI 10.1021/jp3061703 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 093HG UT WOS:000315181700034 PM 23137388 ER PT J AU Ma, XF Zachariah, MR Zangmeister, CD AF Ma, Xiaofei Zachariah, Michael R. Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Reduction of Suspended Graphene Oxide Single Sheet Nanopaper: The Effect of Crumpling SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID GRAPHITE OXIDE; CARBON NANOTUBES; OXIDATION; KINETICS; NANOCRYSTALS; TRANSPARENT; TEMPERATURE; NANORIBBONS; ANISOTROPY; STRAIN AB The recent development of aerosol generated crumpled graphene oxide nanopaper provides a test bed for studying the reactivity of physically deformed graphene-based materials. In this work, we measured the thermal reduction of aerosolized single sheet, crumpled graphene oxide (GO) nanopaper. Online aerosol mass analysis was used to monitor the mass evolution of individual crumpled GO nanopaper during reduction. For the first time, the extent of sp(2) bonding within the material was characterized using photoacoustic spectroscopy. The chemical composition of reduced GO nanopaper was evaluated using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Thermal reduction kinetics was determined using both the loss of mass and the change in optical absorption, each measured as a function of temperature. The activation energies were different for the two techniques, suggesting mass loss and light absorption probe different processes of GO reduction. We measured a constant effective density at high reduction temperatures suggesting that portions of reduced GO unzip from the sheet similar to what has been observed in oxidized graphene. C1 [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.; Zangmeister, Christopher D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.zangmeister@nist.gov NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 119 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 117 IS 6 BP 3185 EP 3191 DI 10.1021/jp400237m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 093HH UT WOS:000315181800096 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Butch, NP Syers, P Ziemak, S Greene, RL Paglione, J AF Zhang, Xiaohang Butch, N. P. Syers, P. Ziemak, S. Greene, Richard L. Paglione, Johnpierre TI Hybridization, Inter-Ion Correlation, and Surface States in the Kondo Insulator SmB6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW X LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN ORDER; LATTICE; URU2SI2; LAB6 AB As an exemplary Kondo insulator, SmB6 has been studied for several decades. However, direct evidence for the development of the Kondo coherent state and for the evolution of the electronic structure in the material has not been obtained due to the compound's rather complicated electronic and thermal transport behavior. Recently, these open questions have attracted increasing attention as the emergence of a time-reversal-invariant topological surface state in the Kondo insulator has been suggested. Here, we use point-contact spectroscopy to reveal the temperature dependence of the electronic states in SmB6. We demonstrate that SmB6 is a model Kondo insulator: Below 100 K, the conductance spectra reflect the Kondo hybridization of Sm ions, but, below about 30 K, signatures of inter-ion correlation effects clearly emerge. Moreover, we find evidence that the low-temperature insulating state of this exemplary Kondo-lattice compound harbors conduction states on the surface, in support of predictions of nontrivial topology in Kondo insulators. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.3.011011 C1 [Zhang, Xiaohang; Syers, P.; Ziemak, S.; Greene, Richard L.; Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhang, Xiaohang; Syers, P.; Ziemak, S.; Greene, Richard L.; Paglione, Johnpierre] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, N. P.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Condensed Matter & Mat Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU NSF [DMR-1104256, DMR-0952716]; AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-09-1-0603] FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with A. Nicolaou, J. Zhou, G. Levy, and A. Damascelli at the University of British Columbia, V. Galitski at the University of Maryland, and M. Dzero at Kent State University. We especially thank Laura H. Greene of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign for her thoughtful comments and suggestions. X. Z. and N. P. B. also thank K. Jin, S. R. Saha, and R. W. Hu for technical assistance. The work at the University of Maryland was supported in part by the NSF under Grant Nos. DMR-1104256 and DMR-0952716 and the AFOSR-MURI under Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0603. NR 45 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 5 U2 106 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2160-3308 J9 PHYS REV X JI Phys. Rev. X PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 3 IS 1 AR 011011 DI 10.1103/PhysRevX.3.011011 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 089AM UT WOS:000314880000001 ER PT J AU Feng, M McPhaden, MJ Xie, SP Hafner, J AF Feng, Ming McPhaden, Michael J. Xie, Shang-Ping Hafner, Jan TI La Nina forces unprecedented Leeuwin Current warming in 2011 SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; CORAL-REEFS; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB Unprecedented warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies were observed off the west coast of Australia in February-March 2011. Peak SST during a 2-week period were 5 degrees C warmer than normal, causing widespread coral bleaching and fish kills. Understanding the climatic drivers of this extreme event, which we dub "Ningaloo Nino", is crucial for predicting similar events under the influence of global warming. Here we use observational data and numerical models to demonstrate that the extreme warming was mostly driven by an unseasonable surge of the poleward-flowing Leeuwin Current in austral summer, which transported anomalously warm water southward along the coast. The unusual intensification of the Leeuwin Current was forced remotely by oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections associated with the extraordinary 2010-2011 La Nina. The amplitude of the warming was boosted by both multi-decadal trends in the Pacific toward more La Nina-like conditions and intraseasonal variations in the Indian Ocean. C1 [Feng, Ming] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Floreat, WA, Australia. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping; Hafner, Jan] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Feng, M (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Floreat, WA, Australia. EM ming.feng@csiro.au RI Feng, Ming/F-5411-2010; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Feng, Ming/0000-0002-2855-7092; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; FU CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship; Western Australia Marine Science Institution; Integrated Marine Observing System; Fisheries Research and Development Corporation; NOAA's Climate Program Office; NSF FX This research is partly supported by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship, the Western Australia Marine Science Institution, the Integrated Marine Observing System, the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, NOAA's Climate Program Office, and NSF. The authors would thank Harry Hendon for constructive comments on an early version of the paper. MF would thank Toshio Yamagata and Swadhin Behera for discussions on the Ningaloo Nino terminology. All the maps in the paper are produced by M_Map software in matlab, which uses GSHHG - A Global, Self-consistent, Hierarchical, High-resolution Geography Database, under GNU Lesser General Pubic License. PMEL contribution number 3952. NR 56 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 67 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 14 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 1277 DI 10.1038/srep01277 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 088VH UT WOS:000314864800005 PM 23429502 ER PT J AU Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Silva, TJ AF Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. Silva, T. J. TI Measurement of orbital asymmetry and strain in Co90Fe10/Ni multilayers and alloys: Origins of perpendicular anisotropy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-CIRCULAR-DICHROISM; SPIN-REORIENTATION TRANSITION; ULTRATHIN CO FILMS; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; CO/PT MULTILAYERS; CO/NI MULTILAYERS; THIN-FILMS; MAGNETOCRYSTALLINE ANISOTROPY; 1ST-PRINCIPLES CALCULATION; MICROMAGNETIC SIMULATIONS AB We use broadband ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction to investigate the fundamental origin of perpendicular anisotropy in Co90Fe10/Ni multilayers. By careful evaluation of the spectroscopic g-factor, we determine the orbital moment along the out-of-plane and in-plane directions. For the multilayers, we find a direct relationship between the orbital moment asymmetry and the perpendicular anisotropy, consistent with the theory of Bruno [Bruno, Phys. Rev. B 39, 865 (1989)]. A systematic x-ray diffraction study revealed the presence of a trigonal strain as high as 0.7% in some samples. However, we found no direct correlation between the strain and the anisotropy, indicating that the anisotropy is not dominated by magnetoelastic effects. To further study the interface structure on the anisotropy, we prepared a set of equivalent alloy samples. The strain in the alloy samples was comparable to that of the multilayer samples; however, the orbital moment asymmetry in the alloy samples showed a very different trend, allowing us to isolate the effect of the interfaces in the multilayers. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.054416 C1 [Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, T. J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaw, JM (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 75 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 53 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 13 PY 2013 VL 87 IS 5 AR 054416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.054416 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 088YJ UT WOS:000314873500010 ER PT J AU Pookpanratana, S Robertson, JWF Jaye, C Fischer, DA Richter, CA Hacker, CA AF Pookpanratana, Sujitra Robertson, Joseph W. F. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Richter, Curt A. Hacker, Christina A. TI Electrical and Physical Characterization of Bilayer Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Molecular Layers SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; THIN-FILMS; JUNCTIONS; METAL; MULTILAYER; SILICON; DEPOSITION; ELECTRONICS AB We have used flip chip lamination (FCL) to form monolayer and bilayer molecular junctions of carboxylic acid-containing molecules with Cu atom incorporation. Carboxylic acid-terminated monolayers are self-assembled onto ultrasmooth Au by using thiol chemistry and grafted onto n-type Si. Prior to junction formation, monolayers are physically characterized by using polarized infrared absorption spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, confirming the molecular quality and functional group termination. FCL was used to form monolayer junctions onto H-terminated Si or bilayer junctions of carboxylic acid monolayers on Au and Si. From the electrical measurements, we find that the current through the junction is attenuated as the effective molecular length within the junction increases, indicating that molecules are electrically active within the junction. We find that the electronic transport through the bilayer junction saturates at very thick effective distances possibly because of another electron-transport mechanism that is not nonresonant tunneling as a result of trapped defects or sequential tunneling. In addition, bilayer junctions are fabricated with and without Cu atoms, and we find that the electron transport is not distinguishably different when Cu atoms are within the bilayer. C1 [Pookpanratana, Sujitra; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Richter, Curt A.; Hacker, Christina A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hacker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christina.hacker@nist.gov FU NRC-NIST ARRA program FX S.P. acknowledges support from the NRC-NIST ARRA program. We thank Drs. Lee Richter for fruitful discussions and Marlon Walker for assistance with fluorinated monolayer formation. The devices and samples were fabricated in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. The identification of commercial equipment or vendors in the Experimental Methods section is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 12 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 6 BP 2083 EP 2091 DI 10.1021/la304225m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 090ZJ UT WOS:000315018200042 PM 23362920 ER PT J AU Zhang, GH Wu, H Li, GB Huang, QZ Yang, CY Huang, FQ Liao, FH Lin, JH AF Zhang, Ganghua Wu, Hui Li, Guobao Huang, Qingzhen Yang, Chongyin Huang, Fuqiang Liao, Fuhui Lin, Jianhua TI New high T-c multiferroics KBiFe2O5 with narrow band gap and promising photovoltaic effect SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; BIFEO3; BROWNMILLERITE; FERRITE; FERROELECTRICS; PHOTOCURRENT; SUBSTITUTION; ENHANCEMENT; TRANSITION AB Intrinsic polarization of ferroelectrics (FE) helps separate photon-generated charge carriers thus enhances photovoltaic effects. However, traditional FE with transition-metal cations (M) of d(0) electron in MO6 network typically has a band gap (E-g) exceeding 3.0 eV. Although a smaller E-g (2.6 eV) can be obtained in multiferroic BiFeO3, the value is still too high for optimal solar energy applications. Computational "materials genome'' searches have predicted several exotic MO6 FE with E-g < 2.0 eV, all thus far unconfirmed because of synthesis difficulties. Here we report a new FE compound with MO4 tetrahedral network, KBiFe2O5, which features narrow E-g (1.6 eV), high Curie temperature (T-c similar to 780 K) and robust magnetic and photoelectric activities. The high photovoltage (8.8 V) and photocurrent density (15 mu A/cm(2)) were obtained, which is comparable to the reported BiFeO3. This finding may open a new avenue to discovering and designing optimal FE compounds for solar energy applications. C1 [Zhang, Ganghua; Li, Guobao; Huang, Fuqiang; Liao, Fuhui; Lin, Jianhua] Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Ganghua; Yang, Chongyin; Huang, Fuqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, CAS Key Lab Mat Energy Convers, Shanghai 200050, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Huang, FQ (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM huangfq@pku.edu.cn; jhlin@pku.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Li, Guobao/F-3690-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Li, Guobao/0000-0003-3061-193X FU "Strategic Priority Research Program (B)" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB04040200]; Innovation Program of the CAS [KJCX2-EW-W11]; NSF of China [50821004, 61106088, 51102263]; STC of Shanghai [10JC1415800]; High-Pressure Laboratory of Peking University FX This work was supported by the "Strategic Priority Research Program (B)" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant no. XDB04040200, Innovation Program of the CAS Grant no. KJCX2-EW-W11, NSF of China Grant nos. 50821004 & 61106088 & 51102263 and STC of Shanghai Grant no. 10JC1415800. The authors would like to thank Prof. I-Wei Chen for helpful discussions and interpreted the results. The preparation of the ceramic sample was supported by the High-Pressure Laboratory of Peking University. G.H.Z. thanks Prof. Huarong Zeng for the PFM characterization. NR 48 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 12 U2 215 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 12 PY 2013 VL 3 AR 1265 DI 10.1038/srep01265 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 088JG UT WOS:000314829600007 PM 23405279 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Ahn, JH Jiang, LD Shi, W Son, S Park, YJ Ryu, JH AF Wang, Menghua Ahn, Jae-Hyun Jiang, Lide Shi, Wei Son, SeungHyun Park, Young-Je Ryu, Joo-Hyung TI Ocean color products from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSE TRANSMITTANCE; SEA-ICE PROPERTIES; BOHAI SEA; CORRECTION ALGORITHM; DIURNAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; INFRARED BANDS; SEAWIFS; COASTAL AB The first geostationary ocean color satellite sensor, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), which is onboard South Korean Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), was successfully launched in June of 2010. GOCI has a local area coverage of the western Pacific region centered at around 36 degrees N and 130 degrees E and covers similar to 2500 x 2500 km(2). GOCI has eight spectral bands from 412 to 865 nm with an hourly measurement during daytime from 9: 00 to 16: 00 local time, i. e., eight images per day. In a collaboration between NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) and Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), we have been working on deriving and improving GOCI ocean color products, e.g., normalized water-leaving radiance spectra (nL(w)(lambda)), chlorophyll-a concentration, diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (K-d(490)), etc. The GOCI-covered ocean region includes one of the world's most turbid and optically complex waters. To improve the GOCI-derived nL(w)(lambda) spectra, a new atmospheric correction algorithm was developed and implemented in the GOCI ocean color data processing. The new algorithm was developed specifically for GOCI-like ocean color data processing for this highly turbid western Pacific region. In this paper, we show GOCI ocean color results from our collaboration effort. From in situ validation analyses, ocean color products derived from the new GOCI ocean color data processing have been significantly improved. Generally, the new GOCI ocean color products have a comparable data quality as those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua. We show that GOCI-derived ocean color data can provide an effective tool to monitor ocean phenomenon in the region such as tide-induced re-suspension of sediments, diurnal variation of ocean optical and biogeochemical properties, and horizontal advection of river discharge. In particular, we show some examples of ocean diurnal variations in the region, which can be provided effectively from satellite geostationary measurements. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Menghua; Jiang, Lide; Shi, Wei; Son, SeungHyun] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ahn, Jae-Hyun; Park, Young-Je; Ryu, Joo-Hyung] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan, South Korea. [Jiang, Lide; Shi, Wei; Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 NR 63 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 24 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 21 IS 3 BP 3835 EP 3849 DI 10.1364/OE.21.003835 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 104KJ UT WOS:000315991400130 PM 23481840 ER PT J AU Hazzard, KRA Manmana, SR Foss-Feig, M Rey, AM AF Hazzard, Kaden R. A. Manmana, Salvatore R. Foss-Feig, Michael Rey, Ana Maria TI Far-from-Equilibrium Quantum Magnetism with Ultracold Polar Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN DYNAMICS; TRAPPED IONS; MODEL; CRITICALITY; CLUSTERS AB Recent theory has indicated how to emulate tunable models of quantum magnetism with ultracold polar molecules. Here we show that present molecule optical lattice experiments can accomplish three crucial goals for quantum emulation, despite currently being well below unit filling and not quantum degenerate. The first is to verify and benchmark the models proposed to describe these systems. The second is to prepare correlated and possibly useful states in well-understood regimes. The third is to explore many-body physics inaccessible to existing theoretical techniques. Our proposal relies on a nonequilibrium protocol that can be viewed either as Ramsey spectroscopy or an interaction quench. The proposal uses only routine experimental tools available in any ultracold molecule experiment. To obtain a global understanding of the behavior, we treat short times pertubatively, develop analytic techniques to treat the Ising interaction limit, and apply a time-dependent density matrix renormalization group to disordered systems with long range interactions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.075301 C1 [Hazzard, Kaden R. A.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hazzard, KRA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kaden.hazzard@colorado.edu RI Manmana, Salvatore /C-9822-2011 OI Manmana, Salvatore /0000-0002-4070-0576 FU NRC; NSF [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder; NSF (PFC); NSF (PIF); ARO FX We thank A. Gorshkov, J. Bollinger, M. Kastner, M. Lukin, J. Ye, D. Jin, and the Jin-Ye molecule group for numerous conversations. K. H. thanks the NRC for support and the Aspen Center for Physics, which is supported by the NSF, for its hospitality during the initial conception of this work. This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the NSF (Grant No. CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder, and is a joint effort with the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. A. M. R. acknowledges support from the NSF (PFC and PIF) and ARO with funding for the DARPA-OLE program. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST and is not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 70 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 7 AR 075301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.075301 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 088WS UT WOS:000314869200011 PM 25166378 ER PT J AU Lahiri, B Holland, G Centrone, A AF Lahiri, Basudev Holland, Glenn Centrone, Andrea TI Chemical Imaging Beyond the Diffraction Limit: Experimental Validation of the PTIR Technique SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE infrared spectroscopy; chemical imaging; nanoscale characterization; AFM; electron beam lithography ID PROTECTED METAL NANOPARTICLES; FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; RESOLUTION; SPECTROMICROSCOPY; VIRUSES; AFM AB Photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) has recently attracted great interest for enabling chemical identification and imaging with nanoscale resolution. In this work, electron beam nanopatterned polymer samples are fabricated directly on 3D zinc selenide prisms and used to experimentally evaluate the PTIR lateral resolution, sensitivity and linearity. It is shown that PTIR lateral resolution for chemical imaging is comparable to the lateral resolution obtained in the atomic force microscopy height images, up to the smallest feature measured (100 nm). Spectra and chemical maps are produced from the thinnest sample analyzed (40 nm). More importantly, experiments show for the first time that the PTIR signal increases linearly with thickness for samples up to approximate to 1 m (linearity limit); a necessary requirement towards the use of the PTIR technique for quantitative chemical analysis at the nanoscale. Finally, the analysis of thicker samples provides the first evidence that the previously developed PTIR signal generation theory is correct. It is believed that the findings of this work will foster nanotechnology development in disparate applications by proving the basis for quantitative chemical analysis with nanoscale resolution. C1 [Lahiri, Basudev; Holland, Glenn; Centrone, Andrea] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lahiri, Basudev; Centrone, Andrea] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Centrone, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 6204, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Andrea.Centrone@nist.gov RI Centrone, Andrea/H-5541-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX The authors acknowledge Dr. Adrian Popescu of NIST for the help in fitting the data, Rich Kasica of NIST for useful discussion of EBL and Kevin Kjoller of Anasys Instruments for providing the microtomed sample. We thank Terry Raines, Dwight Barry and John Kisner of the NIST machine shop. A. C. acknowledges support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program, Award 70NANB10H026, through the University of Maryland. NR 37 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 44 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 J9 SMALL JI Small PD FEB 11 PY 2013 VL 9 IS 3 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1002/smll.201200788 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 084NU UT WOS:000314547200015 PM 23034929 ER PT J AU Helder, EA Broos, PS Dewey, D Dwek, E McCray, R Park, S Racusin, JL Zhekov, SA Burrows, DN AF Helder, E. A. Broos, P. S. Dewey, D. Dwek, E. McCray, R. Park, S. Racusin, J. L. Zhekov, S. A. Burrows, D. N. TI CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF SN 1987A: THE SOFT X-RAY LIGHT CURVE REVISITED SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM: supernova remnants; radiation mechanisms: thermal; supernovae: individual (SN 1987A); X-rays: individual (SN 1987A) ID CCD IMAGING SPECTROMETER; SUPERNOVA REMNANT 1987A; XMM-NEWTON OBSERVATIONS; CIRCUMSTELLAR RING; EVOLUTION; NEBULA; RESOLUTION; LETG AB We report on the present stage of SN 1987A as observed by the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. We reanalyze published Chandra observations and add three more epochs of Chandra data to get a consistent picture of the evolution of the X-ray fluxes in several energy bands. We discuss the implications of several calibration issues for Chandra data. Using the most recent Chandra calibration files, we find that the 0.5-2.0 keV band fluxes of SN 1987A have increased by similar to 6 x 10(-13) erg s(-1) cm(-2) per year since 2009. This is in contrast with our previous result that the 0.5-2.0 keV light curve showed a sudden flattening in 2009. Based on our new analysis, we conclude that the forward shock is still in full interaction with the equatorial ring. C1 [Helder, E. A.; Broos, P. S.; Burrows, D. N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dewey, D.] MIT Kavli Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Dwek, E.] NASA, Observat Cosmol Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [McCray, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McCray, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Park, S.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Racusin, J. L.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhekov, S. A.] Space Res & Technol Inst, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria. RP Helder, EA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. FU ACIS Instrument Team [SV4-74018]; Chandra X-Ray Center; NASA [NAS8-03060]; SAO [GO1-12070X, GO2-13064X] FX We thank Frank Haberl and Pierre Maggi for providing us with the XMM-Newton EPIC pn fluxes in advance of publication. We also thank Herman Marshall, Paul Plucinsky, Konstatin Getman, Bettina Posselt, Zachary Prieskorn, Jonathan Gelbord, and Binbin Zhang for discussions about statistics, calibration, and pileup corrections. This work is supported by the ACIS Instrument Team contract SV4-74018 (PI: G. Garmire), issued by the Chandra X-Ray Center, which is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for and on behalf of NASA under contract NAS8-03060. E. A. H. and D.N.B. are supported by SAO grants GO1-12070X and GO2-13064X. NR 39 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 1 AR 11 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/11 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081PV UT WOS:000314335200011 ER PT J AU Simon, JB Bai, XN Stone, JM Armitage, PJ Beckwith, K AF Simon, Jacob B. Bai, Xue-Ning Stone, James M. Armitage, Philip J. Beckwith, Kris TI TURBULENCE IN THE OUTER REGIONS OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS. I. WEAK ACCRETION WITH NO VERTICAL MAGNETIC FLUX SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); protoplanetary disks; turbulence ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; T TAURI DISKS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL-INSTABILITY; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; AMBIPOLAR DIFFUSION; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; PROTOSTELLAR DISKS; LAYERED ACCRETION; STRATIFIED DISKS AB We use local numerical simulations to investigate the strength and nature of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks, where ambipolar diffusion is the dominant non-ideal MHD effect. The simulations include vertical stratification and assume zero net vertical magnetic flux. We employ a super time-stepping technique to ameliorate the Courant restriction on the diffusive time step. We find that in idealized stratified simulations, with a spatially constant ambipolar Elsasser number Am, turbulence driven by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) behaves in a similar manner as in prior unstratified calculations. Turbulence dies away for Am <= 1, and becomes progressively more vigorous as ambipolar diffusion is decreased. Near-ideal MHD behavior is recovered for Am >= 10(3). In the intermediate regime (10 <= Am <= 10(3)) ambipolar diffusion leads to substantial increases in both the period of the MRI dynamo cycle and the characteristic scales of magnetic field structures. To quantify the impact of ambipolar physics on disk accretion, we run simulations at 30 AU and 100 AU that include a vertical Am profile based upon far-ultraviolet (FUV) ionized disk models. These models develop a vertically layered structure analogous to the Ohmic dead zone that is present at smaller radii. We find that, although the levels of surface turbulence can be strong (and consistent with constraints on turbulent line widths at these radii), the inferred accretion rates are at least an order of magnitude smaller than those observed in T Tauri stars. This discrepancy is very likely due to the assumption of zero vertical magnetic field in our simulations and suggests that vertical magnetic fields are essential for MRI-driven accretion in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks. C1 [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.; Beckwith, Kris] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.; Beckwith, Kris] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bai, Xue-Ning; Stone, James M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Simon, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jbsimon@jila.colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G, NAS5-26555]; National Science Foundation [AST-0807471, AST-0908269, CNS-0821794]; Tech-X Corp., Boulder, CO; NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-HF-51301.01-A]; XSEDE [TG-AST090106]; University of Colorado Boulder FX We thank Sean O'Neill and John Hawley for useful discussions and suggestions regarding this work. We also thank an anonymous referee for useful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. J.B.S., P.J.A., and K. B. acknowledge support from NASA through grants NNX09AB90G and NNX11AE12G and from the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0807471. K. B. also acknowledges funding support from Tech-X Corp., Boulder, CO. X. B. and J.M.S. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation through grant AST-0908269. X. B. also acknowledges support for program number HST-HF-51301.01-A provided by NASA through a Hubble Fellowship grant from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Incorporated, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. This research was supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Kraken and Nautilus at the National Institute for Computational Sciences through XSEDE grant TG-AST090106. This work also utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 67 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2013 VL 764 IS 1 AR 66 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/764/1/66 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 081PV UT WOS:000314335200066 ER PT J AU Smolyanitsky, A Tewary, VK AF Smolyanitsky, A. Tewary, V. K. TI Manipulation of graphene's dynamic ripples by local harmonic out-of-plane excitation SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-LAYER GRAPHENE; SUSPENDED GRAPHENE; SHEETS; PLASMONS; PHASE AB With use of carefully designed molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate tuning of dynamic ripples in free standing, thermally fluctuating graphene by applying a local out-of-plane sinusoidal excitation. The local dynamic morphology can be controlled via varying external modulation and the boundary conditions. We fully account for the discrete atomistic structure of graphene, as well as natural energy dissipation due in part to its remarkably high thermal conductivity. In addition to stable dynamic rippling patterns, we observed an unexpected flattening of graphene well below the thermal limit. Our results provide insight into the dynamic response of atomically thin layers to an external time-varying excitation in the presence of realistic thermal fluctuations and energy loss. This suggests intriguing possibilities for modulating the electrical and optical properties of atomically thin membranes via local dynamic morphology control. C1 [Smolyanitsky, A.; Tewary, V. K.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 47 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD FEB 8 PY 2013 VL 24 IS 5 AR 055701 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/24/5/055701 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 071EH UT WOS:000313568700018 PM 23306970 ER PT J AU Tavazza, F Barzilai, S Smith, DT Levine, LE AF Tavazza, F. Barzilai, S. Smith, D. T. Levine, L. E. TI The increase in conductance of a gold single atom chain during elastic elongation SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRY OPTIMIZATION; TRANSPORT; MOLECULES AB The conductance of monoatomic gold wires has been studied using ab initio calculations and the transmission was found to vary with the elastic strain. Counter-intuitively, the conductance was found to increase for the initial stages of the elongation, where the structure has a zigzag shape and the bond angles increase from approximate to 140 degrees toward approximate to 160 degrees. After a certain elongation limit, where the angles are relatively high, the bond length elongation associated with a Peierls distortion reverses this trend and the conductance decreases. These simulations are in good agreement with previously unexplained experimental results. (C) 2013 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4790379] C1 [Tavazza, F.; Barzilai, S.; Smith, D. T.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Smith, Douglas/I-4403-2016 OI Smith, Douglas/0000-0002-9358-3449 NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 113 IS 5 AR 054316 DI 10.1063/1.4790379 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 087FH UT WOS:000314746200079 ER PT J AU Turner, JW Paranjpye, RN Landis, ED Biryukov, SV Gonzalez-Escalona, N Nilsson, WB Strom, MS AF Turner, Jeffrey W. Paranjpye, Rohinee N. Landis, Eric D. Biryukov, Stanley V. Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol Nilsson, William B. Strom, Mark S. TI Population Structure of Clinical and Environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus from the Pacific Northwest Coast of the United States SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PANDEMIC SPREAD; CHESAPEAKE BAY; SEROVARS O3-K6; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; DIVERSITY; OYSTERS; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTIONS; SHELLFISH AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common marine bacterium and a leading cause of seafood-borne bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Although this bacterium has been the subject of much research, the population structure of cold-water populations remains largely undescribed. We present a broad phylogenetic analysis of clinical and environmental V. parahaemolyticus originating largely from the Pacific Northwest coast of the United States. Repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (REP-PCR) separated 167 isolates into 39 groups and subsequent multilocus sequence typing (MLST) separated a subset of 77 isolates into 24 sequence types. The Pacific Northwest population exhibited a semi-clonal structure attributed to an environmental clade (ST3, N = 17 isolates) clonally related to the pandemic O3:K6 complex and a clinical clade (ST36, N = 20 isolates) genetically related to a regionally endemic O4:K12 complex. Further, the identification of at least five additional clinical sequence types (i.e., ST43, 50, 65, 135 and 417) demonstrates that V. parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis in the Pacific Northwest is polyphyletic in nature. Recombination was evident as a significant source of genetic diversity and in particular, the recA and dtdS alleles showed strong support for frequent recombination. Although pandemic-related illnesses were not documented during the study, the environmental occurrence of the pandemic clone may present a significant threat to human health and warrants continued monitoring. It is evident that V. parahaemolyticus population structure in the Pacific Northwest is semi-clonal and it would appear that multiple sequence types are contributing to the burden of disease in this region. C1 [Turner, Jeffrey W.; Paranjpye, Rohinee N.; Biryukov, Stanley V.; Nilsson, William B.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Turner, Jeffrey W.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Ctr Environm Genom, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Landis, Eric D.] US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol] US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Turner, JW (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeff.turner@noaa.gov OI Gonzalez-Escalona, Narjol/0000-0003-4568-0022 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI); NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS); National Research Council's Research Associateship Program (NRC-RAP) FX Funding sources for this study include National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Oceans and Human Health Initiative (OHHI) (http://oceansandhumanhealth.noaa.gov), NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov) and the National Research Council's Research Associateship Program (NRC-RAP) (http://sites.nationalacademies.org/pga/rap/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 56 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55726 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055726 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 092XV UT WOS:000315157200053 PM 23409028 ER PT J AU Galitski, V Spielman, IB AF Galitski, Victor Spielman, Ian B. TI Spin-orbit coupling in quantum gases SO NATURE LA English DT Review ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID; WELLS AB Spin-orbit coupling links a particle's velocity to its quantum-mechanical spin, and is essential in numerous condensed matter phenomena, including topological insulators and Majorana fermions. In solid-state materials, spin-orbit coupling originates from the movement of electrons in a crystal's intrinsic electric field, which is uniquely prescribed in any given material. In contrast, for ultracold atomic systems, the engineered 'material parameters' are tunable: a variety of synthetic spin-orbit couplings can be engineered on demand using laser fields. Here we outline the current experimental and theoretical status of spin-orbit coupling in ultracold atomic systems, discussing unique features that enable physics impossible in any other known setting. C1 [Galitski, Victor; Spielman, Ian B.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Galitski, Victor; Spielman, Ian B.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Galitski, Victor] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Spielman, IB (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ian.spielman@nist.gov FU NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO; Atomtronics MURI; DARPA's OLE Program FX We acknowledge the financial support of the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; the ARO with funds from the Atomtronics MURI, DARPA's OLE Program (I.B.S.), and directly (V.G.). NR 69 TC 277 Z9 280 U1 14 U2 168 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 7 PY 2013 VL 494 IS 7435 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1038/nature11841 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 087DJ UT WOS:000314741200031 PM 23389539 ER PT J AU Guida, VG Valentine, PC Gallea, LB AF Guida, Vincent G. Valentine, Page C. Gallea, Leslie B. TI Semidiurnal Temperature Changes Caused by Tidal Front Movements in the Warm Season in Seabed Habitats on the Georges Bank Northern Margin and Their Ecological Implications SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PROGNOSTIC NUMERICAL-MODEL; WESTERN IRISH SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HORIZONTAL TRANSPORT; CYCLIC TEMPERATURE; PHYSICAL MODEL; BRITISH-ISLES; US COAST; SEDIMENT; ECOSYSTEM AB Georges Bank is a large, shallow feature separating the Gulf of Maine from the Atlantic Ocean. Previous studies demonstrated a strong tidal-mixing front during the warm season on the northern bank margin between thermally stratified water in the Gulf of Maine and mixed water on the bank. Tides transport warm water off the bank during flood tide and cool gulf water onto the bank during ebb tide. During 10 days in August 2009, we mapped frontal temperatures in five study areas along similar to 100 km of the bank margin. The seabed "frontal zone", where temperature changed with frontal movment, experienced semidiurnal temperature maxima and minima. The tidal excursion of the frontal boundary between stratified and mixed water ranged 6 to 10 km. This "frontal boundary zone" was narrower than the frontal zone. Along transects perpendicular to the bank margin, seabed temperature change at individual sites ranged from 7.0 degrees C in the frontal zone to 0.0 degrees C in mixed bank water. At time series in frontal zone stations, changes during tidal cycles ranged from 1.2 to 6.1 degrees C. The greatest rate of change (-2.48 degrees C hr(-1)) occurred at mid-ebb. Geographic plots of seabed temperature change allowed the mapping of up to 8 subareas in each study area. The magnitude of temperature change in a subarea depended on its location in the frontal zone. Frontal movement had the greatest effect on seabed temperature in the 40 to 80 m depth interval. Subareas experiencing maximum temperature change in the frontal zone were not in the frontal boundary zone, but rather several km gulfward (off-bank) of the frontal boundary zone. These results provide a new ecological framework for examining the effect of tidally-driven temperature variability on the distribution, food resources, and reproductive success of benthic invertebrate and demersal fish species living in tidal front habitats. C1 [Guida, Vincent G.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, JJ Howard Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Valentine, Page C.; Gallea, Leslie B.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Guida, VG (reprint author), NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, JJ Howard Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM Vincent.Guida@noaa.gov FU Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC); United States Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS WH CMSC); NEFSC FX This study was supported by salary funds from the regular annual salary budget from Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) and United States Geological Survey Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center (USGS WH C&MSC), respectively; ship time funds from the NEFSC annual budget for days-at-sea ship operations; equipment from the NEFSC and USGS WH C&MSC annual equipment budgets. The funding offices (NEFSC and USGS WH C& MSC) played the following roles in this study: approval of research plans and allocation of assets, e.g. ship time and personnel travel and overtime payments, and review and approval of manuscript release for publication. This is standard agency practice in both cases. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 6 PY 2013 VL 8 IS 2 AR e55273 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0055273 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 092WJ UT WOS:000315153400074 PM 23405129 ER PT J AU Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Gigault, Julien Hackley, Vincent A. TI Differentiation and characterization of isotopically modified silver nanoparticles in aqueous media using asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation coupled to optical detection and mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Field flow fractionation; Nanoparticles; Hyphenated techniques; Environmental monitoring ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; MANUFACTURED NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; SIZE; NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENT; ABSORBENCY; SCATTERING; CHEMISTRY AB The principal objective of this work was to develop and demonstrate a new methodology for silver nanoparticle (AgNP) detection and characterization based on asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (A4F) coupled on-line to multiple detectors and using stable isotopes of Ag. This analytical approach opens the door to address many relevant scientific challenges concerning the transport and fate of nanomaterials in natural systems. We show that A4F must be optimized in order to effectively fractionate AgNPs and larger colloidal Ag particles. With the optimized method one can accurately determine the size, stability and optical properties of AgNPs and their agglomerates under variable conditions. In this investigation, we couple A4F to optical absorbance (UV-vis spectrometer) and scattering detectors (static and dynamic) and to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. With this combination of detection modes it is possible to determine the mass isotopic signature of AgNPs as a function of their size and optical properties, providing specificity necessary for tracing and differentiating labeled AgNPs from their naturally occurring or anthropogenic analogs. The methodology was then applied to standard estuarine sediment by doping the suspension with a known quantity of isotopically enriched (109)AgNPs stabilized by natural organic matter (standard humic and fulvic acids). The mass signature of the isotopically enriched AgNPs was recorded as a function of the measured particle size. We observed that AgNPs interact with different particulate components of the sediment, and also self-associate to form agglomerates in this model estuarine system. This work should have substantial ramifications for research concerning the environmental and biological fate of AgNPs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gigault, Julien; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov RI Gigault, Julien/D-4515-2013; OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 48 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 121 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 6 PY 2013 VL 763 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2012.11.060 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 085OU UT WOS:000314624900008 PM 23340287 ER PT J AU Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Kuster, WC de Gouw, JA AF Gilman, J. B. Lerner, B. M. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. A. TI Source Signature of Volatile Organic Compounds from Oil and Natural Gas Operations in Northeastern Colorado SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS; OZONE; SHALE; HYDROCARBONS; VARIABILITY; POLLUTION; TUNNEL; PHASE AB An extensive set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was measured at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in winter 2011 in order to investigate the composition and influence of VOC emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) operations in northeastern Colorado. BAO is 30 km north of Denver and is in the southwestern section of Wattenberg Field, one of Colorado's most productive O&NG fields. We compare VOC concentrations at BAO to those of other U.S. cities and summertime measurements at two additional sites in northeastern Colorado, as well as the composition of raw natural gas from Wattenberg Field. These comparisons show that (i) the VOC source signature associated with O&NG operations can be clearly differentiated from urban sources dominated by vehicular exhaust, and (ii) VOCs emitted from O&NG operations are evident at all three measurement sites in northeastern Colorado. At BAO, the reactivity of VOCs with the hydroxyl radical (OH) was dominated by C-2-C-6 alkanes due to their remarkably large abundances (e.g., mean propane = 27.2 ppbv). Through statistical regression analysis, we estimate that on average 55 +/- 18% of the VOC-OH reactivity was attributable to emissions from O&NG operations indicating that these emissions are a significant source of ozone precursors. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gilman, JB (reprint author), 325 Broadway,CSD-7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jessica.gilman@noaa.gov RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate and Health of the Atmosphere Program; USDA [2009-35112-05217] FX The authors acknowledge the use of NOAA's Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) and Colorado State University's ARDEC. We thank Dan Wolfe and Bruce Bartram for meteorological data and logistical support. Funding was provided in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate and Health of the Atmosphere Program and USDA grant 2009-35112-05217. Helpful discussions with David Parrish, Carsten Warneke, Martin Graus, Eric Williams, Steven Brown, James Roberts, and Greg Frost have improved this manuscript. NR 36 TC 73 Z9 83 U1 13 U2 176 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1297 EP 1305 DI 10.1021/es304119a PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086HU UT WOS:000314675500018 PM 23316938 ER PT J AU Easley, RA Patsavas, MC Byrne, RH Liu, XW Feely, RA Mathis, JT AF Easley, Regina A. Patsavas, Mark C. Byrne, Robert H. Liu, Xuewu Feely, Richard A. Mathis, Jeremy T. TI Spectrophotometric Measurement of Calcium Carbonate Saturation States in Seawater SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-CARBON; TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON; M-CRESOL PURPLE; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; PH MEASUREMENTS; ARCTIC-OCEAN; HIGH-CO2 WORLD; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ALKALINITY; IMPACT AB Measurements of ocean pH and carbonate ion concentrations in the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans were used to determine calcium carbonate saturation states (Omega(CaCO3)) from spectrophotometric methods alone. Total carbonate ion concentrations, [CO32-](T), were for the first time at sea directly measured using Pb(II) UV absorbance spectra. The basis of the method is given by the following: -log[CO32-](Tspec) = log{((CO3)beta(1))/(e(2))}+log{(R-e(1))/(1-Re-3/e(2))} where (CO3)beta(1) is the PbCO30 formation constant, e(i) are molar absorptivity ratios, and R = (250)A/(234)A (ratio of absorbances measured at 250 and 234 nm). On the basis of shipboard and laboratory Pb(II) data and complementary carbon-system measurements, the experimental parameters were determined to be (25 degrees C) the following: log{((CO3)beta(1))/(e(2))}=5.513-5.358x10(-2)S+5.166x10(-4)S(2) e(1) = 0.2293-5.554x10(-4)S+8.440x10(-5)S(2) (e(3)/e(2)) = 3.091-8.730x10(-2)S+9.363x10(-4)S(2) The resulting mean difference between the shipboard spectrophotometric and conventional determinations of [CO32-)](T) was +/- 2.03 mu mol kg(-1). The shipboard analytical precision of the Pb(II) method was similar to 1.71 mu mol kg(-1) (2.28%). Spectrophotometric [CO32-](T) and pH(T) were then combined to calculate Omega(CaCO3). For the case of aragonite, 95% of the spectrophotometric aragonite saturation states (Omega(Aspec)) were within +/- 0.06 of the conventionally calculated values (Omega(Acalc)) when 0.5 <= Omega(A) <= 2.0. When Omega(A) > 2.0, 95% of the Omega(Aspec) values were within +/- 0.18 of Omega(Acalc). Our shipboard experience indicates that spectrophotometric determinations of [CO32-](T) and Omega(CaCO3) are straightforward, fast, and precise. The method yields high-quality measurements of two important, rapidly changing aspects of ocean chemistry and offers capabilities suitable for long-term automated in situ monitoring. C1 [Easley, Regina A.; Patsavas, Mark C.; Byrne, Robert H.; Liu, Xuewu] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, Jeremy T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Byrne, RH (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM rhbyrne@usf.edu FU NSF [OCE-0927108, OCE-0727082, ARC1041102]; NOAA [NA110AR4320199 (USM-GR04148-003), NA080AR432075 (UAF 11-0027)] FX This work was supported by NSF Awards OCE-0927108 (RHB), OCE-0727082 (RHB), and ARC1041102 (JTM), as well as NOAA Awards NA110AR4320199 (USM-GR04148-003), and NA080AR432075 (UAF 11-0027). We would like to thank Bo Yang, Jian Ma, Xioling Ding, and Matthew Elliot of the University of South Florida College of Marine Science for their assistance in collecting and analyzing the field samples. We would like to thank the Associate Editor and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions. The insightful editorial guidance provided by Dr. Tonya Clayton is greatly appreciated. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 47 IS 3 BP 1468 EP 1477 DI 10.1021/es303631g PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 086HU UT WOS:000314675500038 PM 23198742 ER PT J AU Jensen, EJ Diskin, G Lawson, RP Lance, S Bui, TP Hlavka, D McGill, M Pfister, L Toon, OB Gao, RS AF Jensen, Eric J. Diskin, Glenn Lawson, R. Paul Lance, Sara Bui, T. Paul Hlavka, Dennis McGill, Matthew Pfister, Leonhard Toon, Owen B. Gao, Rushan TI Ice nucleation and dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE ATTREX; ice nuclei ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; WAVE-CLOUDS; AEROSOLS; OZONE; TEMPERATURES; TRANSPORT; AIRCRAFT; HUMIDITY; CLIMATE AB Optically thin cirrus near the tropical tropopause regulate the humidity of air entering the stratosphere, which in turn has a strong influence on the Earth's radiation budget and climate. Recent high-altitude, unmanned aircraft measurements provide evidence for two distinct classes of cirrus formed in the tropical tropopause region: (i) vertically extensive cirrus with low ice number concentrations, low extinctions, and large supersaturations (up to similar to 70%) with respect to ice; and (ii) vertically thin cirrus layers with much higher ice concentrations that effectively deplete the vapor in excess of saturation. The persistent supersaturation in the former class of cirrus is consistent with the long time-scales (several hours or longer) for quenching of vapor in excess of saturation given the low ice concentrations and cold tropical tropopause temperatures. The low-concentration clouds are likely formed on a background population of insoluble particles with concentrations less than 100 L-1 (often less than 20 L-1), whereas the high ice concentration layers (with concentrations up to 10,000 L-1) can only be produced by homogeneous freezing of an abundant population of aqueous aerosols. These measurements, along with past high-altitude aircraft measurements, indicate that the low-concentration cirrus occur frequently in the tropical tropopause region, whereas the high-concentration cirrus occur infrequently. The predominance of the low-concentration clouds means cirrus near the tropical tropopause may typically allow entry of air into the stratosphere with as much as similar to 1.7 times the ice saturation mixing ratio. C1 [Jensen, Eric J.; Bui, T. Paul; Pfister, Leonhard] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Diskin, Glenn] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Lawson, R. Paul; Lance, Sara] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Hlavka, Dennis] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [McGill, Matthew] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Toon, Owen B.] Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Gao, Rushan] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jensen, EJ (reprint author), NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov RI Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX We thank the Dryden Flight Research Center Global Hawk crew and pilots for making these measurements possible. This research was funded by the NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. NR 39 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 46 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2041 EP 2046 DI 10.1073/pnas.1217104110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 093RQ UT WOS:000315209800026 PM 23341619 ER PT J AU Kasperski, S Holland, DS AF Kasperski, Stephen Holland, Daniel S. TI Income diversification and risk for fishermen SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CROP INSURANCE; COMMON PROPERTY; PRECAUTIONARY APPROACH; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; VARIABILITY; INVESTMENTS; PROGRAMS; INDIA; FLEET AB Catches and prices from many fisheries exhibit high interannual variability, leading to variability in the income derived by fishery participants. The economic risk posed by this may be mitigated in some cases if individuals participate in several different fisheries, particularly if revenues from those fisheries are uncorrelated or vary asynchronously. We construct indices of gross income diversification from fisheries at the level of individual vessels and find that the income of the current fleet of vessels on the US West Coast and in Alaska is less diverse than at any point in the past 30 y. We also find a dome-shaped relationship between the variability of individuals' income and income diversification, which implies that a small amount of diversification does not reduce income risk but that higher levels of diversification can substantially reduce the variability of income from fishing. Moving from a single fishery strategy to a 50-25-25 split in revenues reduces the expected coefficient of variation of gross revenues between 24% and 65% for the vessels included in this study. The increasing access restrictions in many marine fisheries through license reductions and moratoriums have the potential to limit fishermen's ability to diversify their income risk across multiple fisheries. Catch share programs often result in consolidation initially and may reduce diversification. However, catch share programs also make it feasible for fishermen to build a portfolio of harvest privileges and potentially reduce their income risk. Therefore, catch share programs create both threats and opportunities for fishermen wishing to maintain diversified fishing strategies. C1 [Kasperski, Stephen] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Kasperski, S (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Stephen.Kasperski@noaa.gov; Dan.Holland@noaa.gov OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X NR 55 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 36 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 6 BP 2076 EP 2081 DI 10.1073/pnas.1212278110 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 093RQ UT WOS:000315209800032 PM 23341621 ER PT J AU Bennett, RV Cleaves, HJ Davis, JM Sokolov, DA Orlando, TM Bada, JL Fernandez, FM AF Bennett, Rachel V. Cleaves, H. James, II Davis, Jeffrey M. Sokolov, Denis A. Orlando, Thomas M. Bada, Jeffrey L. Fernandez, Facundo M. TI Desorption Electrospray Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Investigating Model Prebiotic Reactions on Mineral Surfaces SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AMBIENT CONDITIONS; HYDROGEN-CYANIDE; FORMAMIDE; ORIGIN; LIFE; ADENINE; PURINE; METABOLITES; DRUGS; ACIDS AB Mineral-assisted thermal decomposition of formamide (HCONH2) is a heavily studied model prebiotic reaction that has offered valuable insights into the plausible pathways leading to the chemical building blocks of primordial informational polymers. To date, most efforts have focused on the analysis of formamide reaction products released in solution, although several studies have examined the role of mineral catalysts in promoting this chemistry. We show here that the direct investigation of reactive mineral surfaces by desorption electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) gives a new perspective on the important role of the mineral surface in the formation of reaction products. As a proof-of-principle example, we show that DESI-MSI allows interrogation of the molecular products produced on heterogeneous granite samples with minimal sample preparation. Purine and pyrimidine nucleobases and their derivatives are successfully detected by DESI-MSI, with a strong correlation of the spatial product distribution with the mineral microenvironment. To our knowledge, this study is the first application of DESI-MSI to the study of complex and porous mineral surfaces and their roles in chemical evolution. This DESI-MSI approach is generally applicable to a wide range of reactions or other processes involving minerals. C1 [Bennett, Rachel V.; Sokolov, Denis A.; Orlando, Thomas M.; Fernandez, Facundo M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Cleaves, H. James, II] Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Davis, Jeffrey M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bada, Jeffrey L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fernandez, FM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008; OI Cleaves, Henderson/0000-0003-4101-0654 FU ARRA NSF MM Instrument Development Grant [0923179]; NASA Astrobiology Program under the NSF Center for Chemical Evolution Grant [CHE-1004570]; NSF FX This work was supported by ARRA NSF MM Instrument Development Grant No. 0923179 to F.M.F. and T.M.O. in collaboration with the NSF and the NASA Astrobiology Program under the NSF Center for Chemical Evolution Grant CHE-1004570. We thank Prosolia for the loan of the DESI imaging ion source and Janet Cobb-Sullivan (Georgia Institute of Technology) for invaluable help with profilometry experiments. The authors would also like to thank Professor Atsushi Kyono of the University of Tsukuba for assistance with powder XRD measurements of the granite samples. NR 31 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 83 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1276 EP 1279 DI 10.1021/ac303202n PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 086IA UT WOS:000314676100005 PM 23286321 ER PT J AU Khripin, CY Tu, XM Heddleston, JM Silvera-Batista, C Walker, ARH Fagan, J Zheng, M AF Khripin, Constantine Y. Tu, Xiaomin Heddleston, John M. Silvera-Batista, Carlos Walker, Angela R. Hight Fagan, Jeffrey Zheng, Ming TI High-Resolution Length Fractionation of Surfactant-Dispersed Carbon Nanotubes SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; SEPARATION; RECOGNITION; MECHANISM; GROWTH AB Length fractionation of colloidal single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) dispersions is required for many studies. Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been developed as a reliable method for high-resolution length fractionation of DNA-dispersed SWCNTs but has not been applied to surfactant-dispersed SWCNTs due to their lower dispersion stability and tendency to adsorb onto SEC stationary phases. Here, we report that SEC length fractionation can be achieved for bile salt dispersed SWCNTs by using porous silica-based beads as the stationary phase and bile salt solution as the mobile phase. We demonstrate that the SEC length sorting method can be combined with existing ultracentrifugation SWCNT sorting methods to produce "orthogonally sorted" samples, including length sorted semiconducting SWCNTs, which are important for electronics applications as well as length sorted empty-core SWCNTs. Importantly, we show that unlike simple length fractionation by SEC or any other method, orthogonal sorting produces samples of consistent quality for different length fractions, with similar UV-vis-nearIR absorption and Raman spectral features. C1 [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Tu, Xiaomin; Heddleston, John M.; Silvera-Batista, Carlos; Walker, Angela R. Hight; Fagan, Jeffrey; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zheng, M (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ming.zheng@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 104 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1382 EP 1388 DI 10.1021/ac303349q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 086IA UT WOS:000314676100023 PM 23259532 ER PT J AU Wang, MY He, HJ Turko, IV Phinney, KW Wang, LL AF Wang, Meiyao He, Hua-Jun Turko, Illarion V. Phinney, Karen W. Wang, Lili TI Quantifying the Cluster of Differentiation 4 Receptor Density on Human T Lymphocytes Using Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CYTOMETRY; CD4 EXPRESSION; QUANTIFICATION; PROTEIN; QUANTITATION; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; STANDARD; ANTIBODY; RANGE; CELLS AB Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) is an important glycoprotein containing four extracellular domains, a transmembrane portion and a short intracellular tail. It locates on the surface of various types of immune cells and performs a critical role in multiple cellular functions such as signal amplification and activation of T cells. It is well-known as a clinical cell surface protein marker for study of HIV progression and for defining the T helper cell population in immunological applications. Moreover, CD4 protein has been used as a biological calibrator for quantification of other surface and intracellular proteins. However, flow cytometry, the conventional method of quantification of the CD4 density on the T cell surface depends on antibodies and has suffered from variables such as antibody clones, the fluorophore and conjugation chemistries, the fixation conditions, and the flow cytometric quantification methods used. In this study, we report the development of a highly reproducible nano liquid chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry-based quantitative method to quantify the CD4 receptor density in units of copy number per cell on human CD4+ T cells. The method utilizes stable isotope-labeled full-length standard CD4 as an internal standard to measure endogenous CD4 directly, without the use of antibodies. The development of the mass spectrometry-based approach of CD4 protein quantification is important as a complementary strategy to validate the analysis from the cytometry-based conventional method. It also provides new support for quantitative understanding and advanced characterization of CD4 on CD4+ T cells. C1 [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Wang, Meiyao; Turko, Illarion V.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [He, Hua-Jun; Wang, Lili] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, MY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM meiyaow@umd.edu; lili.wang@nist.gov RI Wang, Meiyao/F-6133-2012 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 85 IS 3 BP 1773 EP 1777 DI 10.1021/ac3031306 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 086IA UT WOS:000314676100074 PM 23286534 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Allen, AJ Levine, LE Ilavsky, J Long, GG AF Zhang, Fan Allen, Andrew J. Levine, Lyle E. Ilavsky, Jan Long, Gabrielle G. TI Structure and Dynamics Studies of Concentrated Micrometer-Sized Colloidal Suspensions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; PHOTON-CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; POLYSTYRENE LATEX SPHERES; NEAR-FIELD SPECKLE; BROWNIAN-MOTION; SLOW DYNAMICS; SOFT MATTER; DIFFRACTION; GLYCEROL AB We present an experimental study of the structural and dynamical properties of concentrated suspensions of different sized polystyrene microspheres dispersed in glycerol for volume fraction concentrations between 10% and 20%. The static structure, probed with ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering, shows a behavior very similar to that of hard spheres. The equilibrium dynamics is probed with ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering-X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, a new technique that overcomes the limits of visible light-scattering techniques imposed by multiple scattering and is suitable for studies of optically opaque materials containing micrometer-sized structures. We found that the intensity autocorrelation functions are better described by a stretched exponential function and microspheres in a concentrated suspension move collectively. We also found that the inverse of the effective diffusion coefficients displays a peak with respect to the scattering vector that resembles the peaks in the static structure factors, which indicates that a long-lived, low free-energy state exists. The relaxation time is approximately inversely related to scattering vector, a behavior consistent with models that describe the dynamics in terms of random, local structural arrangements in disordered media. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Allen, Andrew J.; Levine, Lyle E.; Long, Gabrielle G.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan; Long, Gabrielle G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Fan] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. RP Zhang, F (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fan.zhang@nist.gov RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 FU National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank Larry Lurio for his comments and discussions. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-0822838. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 29 IS 5 BP 1379 EP 1387 DI 10.1021/la3044768 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 086HZ UT WOS:000314676000008 PM 23294392 ER PT J AU Luckenbach, JA Yamamoto, Y Guzman, JM Swanson, P AF Luckenbach, J. Adam Yamamoto, Yoji Guzman, Jose M. Swanson, Penny TI Identification of ovarian genes regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) in vitro during early secondary oocyte growth in coho salmon SO MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Follicle-stimulating hormone; Ovarian follicle; Subtractive hybridization; Gene expression; Granulosa cells; Fish ID GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING-HORMONE; TROUT OVULATORY PROTEINS; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; NUCLEAR ANTIGEN PCNA; WILMS-TUMOR GENE; GRANULOSA-CELLS; RAINBOW-TROUT; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; MESSENGER-RNA AB Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) function in fishes is poorly understood. This study aimed to reveal Fsh-regulated genes in coho salmon previtellogenic ovarian follicles in vitro. Four suppression subtractive hybridization libraries were generated with RNA isolated from Fsh-treated and control follicles or follicle cell-enriched tissue fractions. Fsh induced steroidogenesis and dynamically upregulated several genes predominantly expressed in follicle cells, including WAP domain-containing protease, connexin 34.3, clusterin (clu1, clu2), fibronectin, wilms tumor 2-like, and influenza virus NS1A-binding protein a. Genes down-regulated by Fsh included connective tissue growth factor, alcohol dehydrogenase 8-like, and serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1. This study demonstrates for the first time in fishes that Fsh influences the expression of a unique suite of ovarian genes involved in processes like cell communication, survival and differentiation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Collectively, these findings suggest that Fsh and/or steroids induce differentiation of granulosa cells and remodeling of the follicle in preparation for onset of vitellogenesis. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Yamamoto, Yoji; Guzman, Jose M.; Swanson, Penny] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Luckenbach, J. Adam; Swanson, Penny] Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 98164 USA. [Yamamoto, Yoji] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Luckenbach, JA (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM adam.luckenbach@noaa.gov RI Yamamoto, Yoji/O-1958-2014 FU National Research Initiative Competitive Grant [2007-35203-18082, 2007-35203-18088]; USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture; Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero FX The authors thank Crystal Simchick and Elizabeth K. Smith for DNA sequencing assistance, Giles Goetz for bioinformaticsassistance, and Paul Parkins for fish care related to this study. Thanks also to Dr. Rick Goetz for helpful discussions of the study. This Project was supported by National Research Initiative Competitive Grant Nos. 2007-35203-18082 and 2007-35203-18088 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and a fellowship from Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero. NR 73 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0303-7207 J9 MOL CELL ENDOCRINOL JI Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 366 IS 1 BP 38 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.mce.2012.11.015 PG 15 WC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Cell Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 087CY UT WOS:000314740100005 PM 23200633 ER PT J AU Adhikari, P Hafezi, M Taylor, JM AF Adhikari, Prabin Hafezi, Mohammad Taylor, J. M. TI Nonlinear Optics Quantum Computing with Circuit QED SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE MICROWAVE PHOTONS; STATES; COMPUTATION AB One approach to quantum information processing is to use photons as quantum bits and rely on linear optical elements for most operations. However, some optical nonlinearity is necessary to enable universal quantum computing. Here, we suggest a circuit-QED approach to nonlinear optics quantum computing in the microwave regime, including a deterministic two-photon phase gate. Our specific example uses a hybrid quantum system comprising a LC resonator coupled to a superconducting flux qubit to implement a nonlinear coupling. Compared to the self-Kerr nonlinearity, we find that our approach has improved tolerance to noise in the qubit while maintaining fast operation. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.060503 C1 [Adhikari, Prabin; Hafezi, Mohammad; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hafezi, Mohammad; Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Adhikari, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU US Army Research Office MURI Award [W911NF0910406]; NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute FX The authors wish to thank E. Tiesinga, J. Aumentado, A. Blais, and S. Girvin for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the US Army Research Office MURI Award No. W911NF0910406, and the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2013 VL 110 IS 6 AR 060503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.060503 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 086MD UT WOS:000314687300005 PM 23432228 ER PT J AU Tapilatu, RF Dutton, PH Tiwari, M Wibbels, T Ferdinandus, HV Iwanggin, WG Nugroho, BH AF Tapilatu, Ricardo F. Dutton, Peter H. Tiwari, Manjula Wibbels, Thane Ferdinandus, Hadi V. Iwanggin, William G. Nugroho, Barakhiel H. TI Long-term decline of the western Pacific leatherback, Dermochelys coriacea: a globally important sea turtle population SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Bird's Head Peninsula, Papua Barat, Indonesia; conservation; decline; Dermochelys coriacea; leatherback sea turtle; nesting trend; western Pacific ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; INTERNESTING MOVEMENT; JAMURSBA-MEDI; COSTA-RICA; FISHERIES; INDONESIA; COAST; ECOLOGY AB The leatherbacks nesting at Bird's Head Peninsula, Papua Barat, Indonesia, account for 75% of the total leatherback nesting in the western Pacific and represent the last sizeable nesting population in the entire Pacific. Sporadic nest counts at Jamursba Medi Beach at Bird's Head have indicated a declining trend from the 1980s through 2004, although a relatively high amount of nesting has recently been documented at Wermon Beach, located 30 km east of Jamursba Medi. We used expanded year-round nesting surveys from 2005 to 2011 at these two primary nesting beaches to obtain more robust estimates of the nesting population size and to evaluate long-term nesting trends. We found a 29% decline in nesting at Jamursba Medi and a 52% decline at Wermon from 2005 through 2011. We found that the estimated annual number of nests at Jamursba Medi has declined 78.3% over the past 27 years (5.5% annual rate of decline) from 14,522 in 1984 to 1,596 in 2011. Nesting at Wermon has been monitored since 2002 and has declined 62.8% (11.6% annual rate of decline) from 2,994 nests in 2002 to 1,096 in 2011. Collectively, our findings indicate a continual and significant long term nesting decline of 5.9% per year at these primary western Pacific beaches since 1984. Mark-recapture with PIT tags, initiated in 2003, resulted in the tagging of 1,371 individual nesting females as of March 2012. Observed clutch frequencies ranged from 3-10 per season with a mean of 5.5 +/- 1.6 and, based on nest counts, provide an estimate of approximately 489 females nesting in 2011. The persistent and long term decline we report for the Bird's Head leatherback population follows other dramatic declines and extinctions of leatherback populations throughout the Pacific over the last 30 years. These findings highlight the urgent need for continued and enhanced conservation and management efforts to prevent the collapse of what might be the last remaining stronghold for leatherbacks in the Pacific. C1 [Tapilatu, Ricardo F.; Iwanggin, William G.; Nugroho, Barakhiel H.] State Univ Papua, Marine Lab & Dept, Birds Head Leatherback Conservat Program, Manokwari 98314, Papua Barat Pro, Indonesia. [Tapilatu, Ricardo F.; Wibbels, Thane] Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Dutton, Peter H.; Tiwari, Manjula] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ferdinandus, Hadi V.] WWF Indonesia, Sorong Off, Sorong 98412, Papua Barat Pro, Indonesia. RP Tapilatu, RF (reprint author), State Univ Papua, Marine Lab & Dept, Birds Head Leatherback Conservat Program, Manokwari 98314, Papua Barat Pro, Indonesia. EM tapilatu@uab.edu OI Tapilatu, Ricardo/0000-0001-5216-104X FU US Fish & Wildlife Marine Turtle Conservation Fund (MTCF); NOAA-Fisheries; WWF Indonesia; Leatherback Trust; International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF); Ocean Foundation; University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) FX We thank the beach patrollers at Jamursba Medi and Wermon beaches for their assistance with the nesting beach monitoring activities during 2005-2012. The authors thank the Sorong and Tambrauw governments, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) for Nature-Indonesia Program, the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BBKSDA) of Papua Barat, the Indonesia Forestry Ministry, The State University of Papua (UNIPA) Marine Science and Biology Department, and the communities of Saubeba, Warmandi and Wau for logistical support at the nesting beaches. The Research and Technology Ministry Republic of Indonesia (RISTEK), BBKSDA Papua Barat and the Tambrauw Government provided research permits for work at the nesting beaches. We thank Creusa 'Tetha' Hitipeuw, Ronni Tethool and staff from the WWF Sorong office who helped enormously with logistical support as well as Betuel Samber of BBKSDA, Scott R. Benson of NOAA Fisheries, Deasy Lontoh of Moss Landing Marine Laboratory (MLML), and Geoffrey Gearheart of Ocean Positive. Karin Forney and Robert Angus assisted in data analysis and Elizabeth Johnstone assisted with graphics. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. Funding was provided by the US Fish & Wildlife Marine Turtle Conservation Fund (MTCF), NOAA-Fisheries, WWF Indonesia, The Leatherback Trust, the International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF), The Ocean Foundation and the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). NR 76 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 39 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD FEB PY 2013 VL 4 IS 2 AR UNSP 25 DI 10.1890/ES12-00348.1 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 256JN UT WOS:000327306400009 ER PT J AU Kim, DU Hangarter, CM Debnath, R Ha, JY Beauchamp, CR Widstrom, MD Guyer, JE Nguyen, N Yoo, BY Josell, D AF Kim, D. U. Hangarter, C. M. Debnath, R. Ha, J. Y. Beauchamp, C. R. Widstrom, M. D. Guyer, J. E. Nguyen, N. Yoo, B. Y. Josell, D. TI Backcontact CdSe/CdTe windowless solar cells SO SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS LA English DT Article DE Backcontact; CdSe; CdTe; Photovoltaic; Solar cells ID PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS; ELECTRODEPOSITED CDTE; CATHODIC DEPOSITION; BACK-CONTACTS; THIN-FILMS; LOW-COST; CHALLENGES; DEVICES; ARRAY AB This paper details the fabrication and properties of CdSe/CdTe thin film photovoltaic devices with a dual back contact geometry. Device fabrication involves CdSe electrodeposition on one of two interdigitated electrodes on a pre-patterned substrate followed by CdTe electrodeposition over the entire structure so that both electrodes are behind the active portion of the device. In contrast to traditional planar devices, illumination is on the electrode-free CdTe surface rather than through a window layer. Like previously detailed back-contact devices for other materials systems, all light that impinges on the device thus reaches the CdTe absorber, the surface being free of metallic electrodes, transparent conductors and window layers. Device efficiency of 2% under simulated air mass 1.5 illumination for feature spacing of 2 mu m is similar to that of three-dimensionally patterned CdS/CdTe devices detailed by other groups With similar feature height but much smaller 0.5 mu m spacing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, D. U.; Hangarter, C. M.; Debnath, R.; Ha, J. Y.; Beauchamp, C. R.; Widstrom, M. D.; Guyer, J. E.; Josell, D.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, D. U.; Yoo, B. Y.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Bionanotechnol, Ansan 425791, South Korea. [Debnath, R.; Widstrom, M. D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ha, J. Y.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nguyen, N.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoo, B. Y.] Hanyang Univ, Dept Mat Engn, Ansan 425791, South Korea. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov RI Debnath, Ratan/B-4678-2016; Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016; Hangarter, Carlos/M-7924-2016; Debnath, Ratan/D-3629-2012 OI Debnath, Ratan/0000-0003-1343-7888; Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589; Hangarter, Carlos/0000-0002-7149-0903; FU NIST; Ministry of Knowledge Economy [10037282]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in Korea [2010-0002231]; NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship at the University of Maryland, College Park FX Research by the authors from Hanyang University was supported by NIST and the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (No. 10037282), and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (No. 2010-0002231) in Korea. RD acknowledges the financial support of a NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship at the University of Maryland, College Park. The patterned substrates for the PV devices were fabricated in the Nanofab clean room of the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0248 EI 1879-3398 J9 SOL ENERG MAT SOL C JI Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells PD FEB PY 2013 VL 109 BP 246 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.11.007 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 250NC UT WOS:000326858500035 ER PT J AU Wuenschel, MJ McBride, RS Fitzhugh, GR AF Wuenschel, M. J. McBride, R. S. Fitzhugh, G. R. TI Relations between total gonad energy and physiological measures of condition in the period leading up to spawning: Results of a laboratory experiment on black sea bass (Centropristis striata) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Relative condition; Energy density; Energy allocation; Reproductive potential ID BIOELECTRICAL-IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LIFE-HISTORY; BODY-SIZE; FISH; GROWTH; ATLANTIC AB Liver weight, relative condition (Kn), and somatic energy content have proven useful for predicting reproductive potential of fishes. Such proxy measures are advantageous in that they are easier to measure directly than fecundity and can often be measured in advance of spawning. We explored the utility of simple as well as more detailed measures of reproductive output in a laboratory experiment with black sea bass (Centropristis striata), an iteroparous, batch spawning protogynous hermaphrodite that may exhibit both determinate and indeterminate fecundity patterns within its geographic range. Wild fish were collected in fall, well ahead of spring-summer spawning, from two locations (Woods Hole, MA; Panama City, FL) representing mid-Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico stocks. To obtain a range in condition, fish were subject to either a high or low feeding regime for 4-5 months. During the experiment, length, weight, and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of individuals were monitored monthly. At the end of the experiment, additional individual measures taken included: relative gonad, liver, and viscera weights, absolute energy density, sex and maturity. As planned, these feeding treatments produced a range in sizes, fish of both sexes were developing or spawning capable, and the high ration group had higher Kn. This provided sufficient contrast to explore predictive relationships between total gonad energy (TGE) and terminal or prior biological measures. Examining multiple models with Akaike Information Criteria showed that final TGE was estimated with highest precision from a model including final sex, gonado-somatic index, length, Kn and liver energy density (89.1% deviance explained). The best model using nonlethal measures included BIA measured phase angle (PA) one month earlier, but much precision was lost (31.0% deviance explained). The explanatory power of PA, Kn, fish size, and stock also changed during the experiment, reflecting differences in the timing and magnitude of energy allocation and the difficulty in applying non-lethal measures to estimate TGE precisely in this species. Different energy allocation pathways were also apparent by stock. By the end of the experiment, mid-Atlantic black sea bass allocated more energy to liver and gonad whereas Gulf black sea bass allocated more energy to soma and viscera. We postulate that such intraspecific differences are adaptive in terms of the very different environmental conditions experienced by and the reported differences in spawning strategies by each stock, but this is rarely demonstrated in fishes and warrants further investigation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wuenschel, M. J.; McBride, R. S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fitzhugh, G. R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Wuenschel, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Mark.Wuenschel@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU COST Action [FA0601]; NOAA's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group FX NOAA's Advanced Sampling Technology Working Group provided funding for this research. Mention of a commercial product or trademarked names does not imply an endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service or NOAA. The authors thank C. LaFleur and NEFSC aquarium staff for assistance with the experiment, J. Burnett, M. Szymanski and B. Walling for capture and transport of specimens, J. Morley and J. Buckel for proximate composition analysis, and Y. Press for preparing the oocyte length-frequencies. We thank E. Caldarone, anonymous reviewers and the guest editors for providing helpful comments on earlier drafts. We also thank the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization's Working Group on Reproductive Potential, particularly under the auspices of the COST Action FA0601, 'Fish Reproduction and Fisheries' for providing stimulating interactions on this topic. NR 58 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 138 SI SI BP 110 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.012 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 229BI UT WOS:000325236400013 ER PT J AU Spencer, PD Dorn, MW AF Spencer, Paul D. Dorn, Martin W. TI Incorporation of weight-specific relative fecundity and maternal effects in larval survival into stock assessments SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Reproductive biology; Weight-specific relative fecundity; Maternal effects; Stock assessment; Stock-recruitment; Walleye pollock; Pacific ocean perch ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; WALLEYE POLLOCK; ATLANTIC COD; MARINE FISH; RECRUITMENT; AGE; BIOMASS; ADVICE AB Marine fish populations may exhibit a number of complexities in their reproductive dynamics, such as weight-specific relative fecundity (i.e. eggs produced per spawner weight increases with spawner size) and maternal effects (i.e. reduced larval survival with reduced spawner age), that are typically not incorporated in stock assessment models. Improved information on reproductive biology could alter estimates of stock productivity and potentially improve estimation of stock-recruitment parameters. In this study, we examined the influence of maternal effects and weight-specific relative fecundity on stock status (defined as reproductive potential and measured as eggs, larvae, or spawning stock biomass), F-msy, and the statistical fit of stock-recruitment curves estimated within the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) and Gulf of Alaska walleye pollock (Theragra chakogramma) statistical catch-at-age assessment models. In each example, estimates of recruitment strength and the variation around stock-recruitment curves were relatively insensitive to various indices of reproductive potential. However, weight-specific relative fecundity increased estimates of Fmsy, whereas maternal effects decreased estimates of Fmsy. The range of Fmsy estimates obtained for walleye pollock from eight indices of reproductive potential was 0.12-0.19, whereas the Fmsy range for Pacific ocean perch from three indices of reproductive potential was 0.079-0.084. For walleye pollock, weight-specific relative fecundity and recent increases in spawner weight-at-age resulted in an upward trend in reproductive potential relative to constant relative fecundity with spawner size. The two examples demonstrate the influence of reproductive biology upon stock productivity even in cases where residual recruitment variation is relatively unaffected, and motivate the ongoing monitoring of reproductive status and its incorporation in estimation of fishing rate reference points. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Spencer, Paul D.; Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Spencer, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.spencer@noaa.gov FU European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action "Fish Reproduction and Fisheries" (FRESH) [FA0601] FX We thank Tom Wilderbuer and Tom Helser for comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This research was supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action FA0601 "Fish Reproduction and Fisheries" (FRESH). NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 138 SI SI BP 159 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.05.003 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 229BI UT WOS:000325236400019 ER PT J AU Yangben, YZ Wang, HB Zhong, L Chiang, MYM Tan, QY Singh, GK Li, S Yang, L AF Yangben, Yanzi Wang, Hongbing Zhong, Li Chiang, Martin Y. M. Tan, Qiaoyan Singh, Gurinder K. Li, Song Yang, Li TI Relative Rigidity of Cell-Substrate Effects on Hepatic and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Migration SO JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION LA English DT Article DE Relative cell-substrate stiffness; cytoskeleton assembly; integrin 1 expression; cell migration; adaptation range; hepatic carcinoma cells ID STIFFNESS; GROWTH AB Polyacrylamide gels with different stiffness and glass were employed as substrates to investigate how substrate stiffness affects the cellular stiffness of adherent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCLM3) and hepatic (L02) cells. The interaction of how cell-substrate stiffness influences cell migration was also explored. An atom force microscope measured the stiffness of HCCLM3 and L02 cells on different substrates. Further, F-actin assembly was analyzed using immunofluorescence and Western blot. Finally, cell-surface expression of integrin 1 was quantified by flow cytometry. The results show that, while both HCCLM3 and L02 cells adjusted their cell stiffness to comply with the stiffness of the substrate they were adhered to, their tuning capabilities were different. HCCLM3 cell stiffness complied when substrate stiffness was between 1.1 and 33.7 kPa, whereas the analogous stiffness for L02 cells occurred at a higher substrate stiffness, 3.6 kPa up to glass. These ranges correlated with F-actin filament assembly and integrin 1 expression. In a migration assay, HCCLM3 cells migrated faster on a relatively soft substrate, while L02 cells migrated faster on substrates that were relatively rigid. These findings indicate that different tuning capabilities of HCCLM3 and L02 cells may influence cell migration velocity on substrates with different stiffness by regulating cy- toskeleton remodeling and integrin 1 expression. (C) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2012 C1 [Yangben, Yanzi; Wang, Hongbing; Zhong, Li; Tan, Qiaoyan; Singh, Gurinder K.; Yang, Li] Chongqing Univ, Bioengn Coll, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biorheol Sci & Technol, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China. [Yangben, Yanzi; Wang, Hongbing; Zhong, Li; Tan, Qiaoyan; Singh, Gurinder K.; Yang, Li] Chongqing Univ, Bioengn Coll, Project Lab Biomech & Tissue Repair 111, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China. [Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Song] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Yang, L (reprint author), Chongqing Univ, Bioengn Coll, Minist Educ, Key Lab Biorheol Sci & Technol, Chongqing 400044, Peoples R China. EM cquliyang@hotmail.com FU National Nature Science Foundation of China [11032012, 30870608, 10472137]; Innovation and Attracting Talents Program for College and University ('111' Project) [B06023]; CQ CSTC (CSTC) [2009AA5045]; Chongqing University FX This work was supported in part by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos 11032012, 30870608 and 10472137), the Innovation and Attracting Talents Program for College and University ('111' Project) (B06023), the Key Science and Technology Program of CQ CSTC (CSTC, 2009AA5045) and the sharing fund of Chongqing University's large-scale equipment. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0920-5063 J9 J BIOMAT SCI-POLYM E JI J. Biomater. Sci.-Polym. Ed. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 24 IS 2 BP 148 EP 157 DI 10.1163/156856212X627856 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 189YU UT WOS:000322305000003 PM 23565595 ER PT J AU Nai, F Torres, S Palmer, R AF Nai, Feng Torres, Sebastian Palmer, Robert TI On the mitigation of wind turbine clutter for weather radars using range-Doppler spectral processing SO IET RADAR SONAR AND NAVIGATION LA English DT Article ID METEOROLOGICAL RADAR; PROFILER AB The unwanted return signals from wind turbines can contaminate the weather-radar data that are used by forecasters and automatic algorithms to issue forecast and warnings for severe weather. Since wind turbines have moving components that generate return signals with non-zero Doppler velocity, traditional ground clutter filters are ineffective at removing wind turbine clutter (WTC). In this study, a WTC mitigation algorithm using the range-Doppler spectrum is developed and tested with simulated weather and WTC signals. Once the general locations of the WTC contamination are known, the proposed range-Doppler regression (RDR) algorithm exploits the spatial continuity of weather signals in the range domain to mitigate the WTC contamination while retaining as much weather signal as possible. In contrast to other proposed mitigation algorithms, the RDR algorithm is suited for real-time implementation on typical operational weather radars. Simulated data are used to optimise the parameters of the algorithm and evaluate its performance for stratiform- and convective-precipitation cases with different degrees of WTC contamination. Finally, a real data case is processed to illustrate the RDR algorithm's effectiveness. The results show that the RDR algorithm has the potential to effectively reduce the bias in spectral-moment estimates caused by WTC contamination in an operational environment. C1 [Nai, Feng; Torres, Sebastian; Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Nai, Feng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Torres, Sebastian] Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA OAR, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Nai, F (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Feng.Nai-1@ou.edu FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS); NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) FX The U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is acknowledged as the sponsor of this work, under a 'work for others' arrangement, issued under the prime contract for research, development, test, and evaluation services between the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL). Funding was also provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors would like to thank Brad Isom who prepared the Dodge City, KS radar data, Fanxing Kong for his comments regarding the development of the RDR algorithm, and three anonymous reviewers for their comments that helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8784 J9 IET RADAR SONAR NAV JI IET Radar Sonar Navig. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 178 EP 190 DI 10.1049/iet-rsn.2012.0225 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 181YB UT WOS:000321705500009 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Werner, WSM Smekal, W Tasneem, G AF Powell, C. J. Werner, W. S. M. Smekal, W. Tasneem, G. TI Effective attenuation lengths for photoelectrons in thin films of silicon oxynitride and hafnium oxynitride on silicon SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE effective attenuation lengths; silicon oxynitride; hafnium oxynitride; XPS ID AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ANGLE-RESOLVED XPS; MEAN FREE PATHS; ULTRATHIN SIO2; SIMULATION; SCATTERING; RESOLUTION; ACCURACY; SPECTRA; AES AB We have used the National Institute of Standards and Technology Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) to simulate photoelectron intensities for thin films of SiO1.6N0.4 and HfO1.9N0.1 on silicon with excitation by Al Ka X-rays. We considered Si 2p(3/2) photoelectrons from SiO1.6N0.4 and the substrate and Hf 4f(7/2) photoelectrons from HfO1.9N0.1. The simulations were performed for ranges of film thicknesses and photoelectron emission angles and for two common configurations for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the sample-tilting configuration and the Theta Probe configuration. We determined photoelectron effective attenuation lengths (EALs) by two methods, one by analyzing photoelectron intensities as a function of film thickness for each emission angle (Method 1) and the other by analyzing photoelectron intensities as a function of emission angle for each film thickness (Method 2). Our analyses were made with simple expressions that had been derived with the assumption that elastic-scattering effects were negligible. We found that EALs from both methods were systematically larger for the Theta Probe configuration, by amounts varying between 1% and 5%, than those for the sample-tilting configuration. These differences were attributed to anisotropy effects in the photoionization cross section that are expected to occur in the former configuration. Generally, similar EALs were found by each method for each film material although larger EALs were found from Method 2 for film thicknesses less than 1.5 nm. SESSA is a useful tool for showing how elastic scattering of photoelectrons modifies EALs for particular materials, film thicknesses, and XPS configurations. Copyright (C) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Powell, C. J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Werner, W. S. M.; Smekal, W.; Tasneem, G.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Appl Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 45 IS 2 BP 628 EP 638 DI 10.1002/sia.5103 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 145WI UT WOS:000319049600005 ER PT J AU Raymond, SN Armitage, PJ AF Raymond, Sean N. Armitage, Philip J. TI Mini-Oort clouds: compact isotropic planetesimal clouds from planet-planet scattering SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE celestial mechanics; methods: numerical; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; planet-disc interactions; circumstellar matter ID SUN-LIKE STARS; DEBRIS DISKS; SYSTEMS; DUST; EVOLUTION; ORIGIN; EXOPLANETS; MODEL AB Starting from planetary systems with three giant planets and an outer disc of planetesimals, we use dynamical simulations to show how dynamical instabilities can transform planetesimal discs into 10(2)-10(3) au-scale isotropic clouds. The instabilities involve a phase of planet-planet scattering that concludes with the ejection of one or more planets and the inward-scattering of the surviving gas giant(s) to remove them from direct dynamical contact with the planetesimals. 'Mini-Oort clouds' are thus formed from scattered planetesimals whose orbits are frozen by the abrupt disappearance of the perturbing giant planet. Although the planetesimal orbits are virtually isotropic, the surviving giant planets tend to have modest inclinations (typically similar to 10 degrees) with respect to the initial orbital plane. The collisional lifetimes of mini-Oort clouds are long (10 Myr to > 10 Gyr) and there is a window of similar to 100 Myr or longer during which they produce spherical clouds of potentially observable dust at 70 mu m. If the formation channel for hot Jupiters commonly involves planetary close encounters, we predict a correlation between this subset of extrasolar planetary systems and mini-Oort clouds. C1 [Raymond, Sean N.] CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, UMR 5804, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Raymond, Sean N.] Univ Bordeaux, Observ Aquitain Sci Univers, F-33271 Floirac, France. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Raymond, SN (reprint author), CNRS, Lab Astrophys Bordeaux, UMR 5804, 2 Rue Observ,BP 89, F-33271 Floirac, France. EM rayray.sean@gmail.com FU CNRS's PNP programme; NASA's Astrobiology Institute through the Virtual Planetary Laboratory; NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G] FX We thank Franck Hersant, Mark Wyatt, Philippe Thebault and Jean Francois Lestrade for helpful discussions and the anonymous referee for a helpful report. We thank Noel Gorelick and Google for the large amount of computer time donated for these simulations. SNR acknowledges support from the CNRS's PNP programme and NASA's Astrobiology Institute through the Virtual Planetary Laboratory lead team. PJA acknowledges support from NASA under grant numbers NNX09AB90G and NNX11AE12G. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 429 IS 1 BP L99 EP L103 DI 10.1093/mnrasl/sls033 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134TT UT WOS:000318238300021 ER PT J AU Winship, AJ O'Farrell, MR Mohr, MS AF Winship, Arliss J. O'Farrell, Michael R. Mohr, Michael S. TI Management strategy evaluation applied to the conservation of an endangered population subject to incidental take SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Extinction risk; Fishery; Management strategy evaluation; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Simulation ID CHINOOK SALMON; FISHERIES-MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; MIXED STOCKS; UNCERTAINTY; MODELS; RISK; DYNAMICS; SYSTEMS; EXTINCTION AB Management strategy evaluation (MSE) is a simulation method commonly used to evaluate the expected performance of harvest strategies with respect to target populations. However, MSE is also useful for evaluating strategies designed to manage incidental take from endangered populations. We adapted MSE to the case of Sacramento River winter Chinook salmon, an endangered population that is subject to incidental take by mixed-stock ocean salmon fisheries that target more abundant stocks. Pursuant to the US Endangered Species Act, the US National Marine Fisheries Service called for a new fishery management strategy that would link the allowable fishing mortality to the population's risk of extinction. Our objective was to evaluate extinction risk under different harvest strategies. We simulated the dynamics of the salmon population and the management process simultaneously. The management process included harvest strategies that set allowable fishing mortality rates as a function of population size. Strategies that reduced fishing mortality rates in response to low estimates of population size resulted in lower extinction risk than strategies that set fishing mortality rates at current or historical levels. The number of years of data taken into account by a strategy and the extent of reductions in fishing mortality resulted in different frequencies and durations of reduced fishing opportunity. By quantifying the trade-off between the risk of extinction of an endangered population and the opportunity for fisheries to harvest target stocks, our study illustrated the utility of MSE for applications to endangered populations. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Winship, Arliss J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Winship, Arliss J.; O'Farrell, Michael R.; Mohr, Michael S.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Winship, AJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM awinship@ucsc.edu FU US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Regional Office and Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank K. Niemela (USFWS) and D. Killam (CDFG) for making available to us the data used in this study. We also thank A Grover for facilitating access to those data. D. Lawson, S. Lindley, W. Satterthwaite and A. Shelton provided many helpful ideas and insights. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. This study was funded by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Regional Office and Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 158 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2012.08.031 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 133HA UT WOS:000318128300017 ER PT J AU Dunhill, AC Alexander, RD Armitage, PJ AF Dunhill, A. C. Alexander, R. D. Armitage, P. J. TI A limit on eccentricity growth from global 3D simulations of disc-planet interactions SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamics; methods: numerical; planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; planets and satellites: formation; planet-disc interaction; protoplanetary discs ID T-TAURI DISKS; SMOOTHED PARTICLE HYDRODYNAMICS; EXTRASOLAR PLANETS; ORBITAL ECCENTRICITIES; LAYERED ACCRETION; GIANT PLANETS; GASEOUS DISK; EVOLUTION; COROTATION; BINARY AB We present high-resolution 3D simulations of the planet-disc interaction using smoothed particle hydrodynamics to investigate the possibility of driving eccentricity growth by this mechanism. For models with a given disc viscosity (alpha = 0.01), we find that for small planet masses (a few Jupiter masses) and canonical surface densities, no significant eccentricity growth is seen over the duration of our simulations. This contrasts with the limiting case of large planet mass (over 20M(Jup)) and extremely high surface densities, where we find eccentricity growth in agreement with previously published results. We identify the cause of this as being a threshold surface density for a given planet mass below which eccentricity growth cannot be excited by this method. Further, the radial profile of the disc surface density is found to have a stronger effect on eccentricity growth than previously acknowledged, implying that care must be taken when contrasting results from different disc models. We discuss the implication of this result for real planets embedded in gaseous discs, and suggest that the disc-planet interaction does not contribute significantly to observed exoplanet eccentricities. C1 [Dunhill, A. C.; Alexander, R. D.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, P. J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, P. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dunhill, AC (reprint author), Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. EM alex.dunhill@leicester.ac.uk FU Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) PhD studentship; STFC [ST/G00711X/1]; NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX11AE12G]; NSF [0807471]; STFC Rolling Grant; BIS FX We thank the anonymous referee for useful comments that helped clarify the text. ACD is supported by an Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) PhD studentship. RDA acknowledges support from STFC through an Advanced Fellowship (ST/G00711X/1). PJA was supported in part by NASA (NNX09AB90G and NNX11AE12G) and by the NSF (0807471).; Theoretical astrophysics research in Leicester is supported by an STFC Rolling Grant. This research used the ALICE High Performance Computing Facility at the University of Leicester. Some resources on ALICE form part of the DiRAC Facility jointly funded by STFC and the Large Facilities Capital Fund of BIS. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 428 IS 4 BP 3072 EP 3082 DI 10.1093/mnras/sts254 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 134RM UT WOS:000318232000021 ER PT J AU Aduri, R Briggs, KT Gorelick, RJ Marino, JP AF Aduri, Raviprasad Briggs, Katharine T. Gorelick, Robert J. Marino, John P. TI Molecular determinants of HIV-1 NCp7 chaperone activity in maturation of the HIV-1 dimerization initiation site SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN NCP7; ZINC-FINGER STRUCTURES; PLUS-STRAND TRANSFER; PRIMER BINDING-SITE; RNA IN-VITRO; GENOMIC RNA; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; KISSING-LOOP; SECONDARY STRUCTURE AB Human immunodeficiency virus genome dimerization is initiated through an RNA-RNA kissing interaction formed via the dimerization initiation site (DIS) loop sequence, which has been proposed to be converted to a more thermodynamically stable linkage by the viral p7 form of the nucleocapsid protein (NC). Here, we systematically probed the role of specific amino acids of NCp7 in its chaperone activity in the DIS conversion using 2-aminopurine (2-AP) fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Through comparative analysis of NCp7 mutants, the presence of positively charged residues in the N-terminus was found to be essential for both helix destabilization and strand transfer functions. It was also observed that the presence and type of the Zn finger is important for NCp7 chaperone activity, but not the order of the Zn fingers. Swapping single aromatic residues between Zn fingers had a significant effect on NCp7 activity; however, these mutants did not exhibit the same activity as mutants in which the order of the Zn fingers was changed, indicating a functional role for other flanking residues. RNA chaperone activity is further correlated with NCp7 structure and interaction with RNA through comparative analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of NCp7 variants, and complexes of these proteins with the DIS dimer. C1 [Aduri, Raviprasad; Briggs, Katharine T.; Marino, John P.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Aduri, Raviprasad; Briggs, Katharine T.; Marino, John P.] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Gorelick, Robert J.] NCI, AIDS & Canc Virus Program, SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. RP Marino, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM john.marino@nist.gov FU National Institutes of Health [GM 59107]; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; SAIC-Frederick, Inc.; National Institutes of Health graduate training fellowship; NMR instrumentation at IBBR; W.M. Keck Foundation; National Institutes of Health; National Institute of Standards and Technology; NIST intramural funds FX National Institutes of Health [GM 59107 to J.P.M. in part]; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract [HHSN261200800001E] with SAIC-Frederick, Inc. (to R.J.G.); National Institutes of Health graduate training fellowship to UMd (to K. T. B.); NMR instrumentation at IBBR with support from the W.M. Keck Foundation, the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Funding for open access charge: NIST intramural funds. NR 78 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 IS 4 BP 2565 EP 2580 DI 10.1093/nar/gks1350 PG 16 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 132IV UT WOS:000318062000046 PM 23275531 ER PT J AU Han, JW Awad, G Sutherland, A AF Han, Junwei Awad, George Sutherland, Alistair TI Boosted subunits: a framework for recognising sign language from videos SO IET IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID HAND GESTURE RECOGNITION AB This study addresses the problem of vision-based sign language recognition, which is to translate signs to English. The authors propose a fully automatic system that starts with breaking up signs into manageable subunits. A variety of spatiotemporal descriptors are extracted to form a feature vector for each subunit. Based on the obtained features, subunits are clustered to yield codebooks. A boosting algorithm is then applied to learn a subset of weak classifiers representing discriminative combinations of features and subunits, and to combine them into a strong classifier for each sign. A joint learning strategy is also adopted to share subunits across sign classes, which leads to a more efficient classification. Experimental results on real-world hand gesture videos demonstrate the proposed approach is promising to build an effective and scalable system. C1 [Han, Junwei] Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Automat, Xian 710072, Peoples R China. [Awad, George] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sutherland, Alistair] Dublin City Univ, Sch Comp, Dublin 9, Ireland. RP Han, JW (reprint author), Northwestern Polytech Univ, Sch Automat, Xian 710072, Peoples R China. EM junweihan2010@gmail.com FU National Science Foundation of China [61005018, 91120005]; Programme for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-10-0079]; NPU Foundation for Fundamental Research [NPU-FFR-JC20120237] FX We thank Dr Richard Bowden with University of Surrey for sharing his British SL benchmark database. This work was partially performed in Dublin City University, Ireland. J. Han was supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant 61005018 and 91120005, Programme for New Century Excellent Talents in University under grant NCET-10-0079 and NPU Foundation for Fundamental Research under Grant NPU-FFR-JC20120237. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-9659 EI 1751-9667 J9 IET IMAGE PROCESS JI IET Image Process. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 7 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1049/iet-ipr.2012.0273 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 134UD UT WOS:000318239400008 ER PT J AU Hu, L Yvon-Lewis, SA Butler, JH Lobert, JM King, DB AF Hu, Lei Yvon-Lewis, Shari A. Butler, James H. Lobert, Juergen M. King, Daniel B. TI An improved oceanic budget for methyl chloride SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ATMOSPHERIC CH3BR; GAS-EXCHANGE; TRACE GASES; SEAWATER; BROMIDE; WATER; SOLUBILITY; DEGRADATION AB We present results that improve the estimates of the global net sea-to-air flux, global oceanic emission, global oceanic uptake, and partial atmospheric lifetime of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) with respect to oceanic loss. This study includes improved parameterizations for solubility and saturation anomaly-sea surface temperature relationships for CH3Cl, along with the use of an updated gas transfer velocity from a recent study. By measuring solubilities of CH3Cl in pure water and seawater over a temperature range from 0 degrees C to 40 degrees C, we obtained a new solubility function with both temperature and salinity dependencies. We also developed a new parameterization of seasonal CH3Cl saturation anomaly (Delta%) as a function of both sea surface temperature and wind speed using data from 10 different cruises with an extensive coverage in the global surface ocean. Using the new solubility function and the new seasonal Delta%-(SST, wind speed) relationships, we estimated the global net sea-to-air flux of CH3Cl at 335 (210 to 480) Gg yr(-1). For the first time, the global flux of CH3Cl was broken into a unidirectional gross emission and a unidirectional gross uptake, which were estimated at 700 (510 to 910) Gg yr(-1) and -370 (-430 to -300) Gg yr(-1). The partial atmospheric lifetime of CH3Cl with respect to the oceanic uptake was revised to 12 (10-15) years, resulting in a revision on the atmospheric lifetime of CH3Cl from the previous estimate of 1.0 year to 1.2 years. Citation: Hu, L., S. A. Yvon-Lewis, J. H. Butler, J. M. Lobert, and D. B. King (2013), An improved oceanic budget for methyl chloride, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 715-725, doi:10.1029/2012JC008196. C1 [Hu, Lei; Butler, James H.] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Yvon-Lewis, Shari A.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Lobert, Juergen M.] Entegris Inc, Franklin, MA USA. [King, Daniel B.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Hu, L (reprint author), NOAA ESRL GMD, 325 Broadway R GMD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lei.hu@noaa.gov RI Yvon-Lewis, Shari/E-4108-2012 OI Yvon-Lewis, Shari/0000-0003-1378-8434 FU National Science Foundation [NSF/OCE 0927874] FX This project was partly funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF/OCE 0927874). The authors would like to thank Ms. Yina Liu for providing the purge efficiency correction for the CH3Cl solubility experiment and Dr. Stephen A. Montzka for sharing the flask data for the atmospheric CH3Cl measurements. They also thank the captains and crews of all of the ships that enabled the collection of these data: NOAA Ship Ronald Brown (US), FS Polarstern (DE), R/V Thomas G. Thompson (US), NOAA Ship Discoverer (US), RV Nathaniel Palmer (US), RSV Aurora Australis (AU), and RV Wecoma (US). NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 715 EP 725 DI 10.1029/2012JC008196 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 129LK UT WOS:000317840700010 ER PT J AU McAdoo, DC Farrell, SL Laxon, S Ridout, A Zwally, HJ Yi, DH AF McAdoo, David C. Farrell, Sinead Louise Laxon, Seymour Ridout, Andy Zwally, H. J. Yi, Donghui TI Gravity of the Arctic Ocean from satellite data with validations using airborne gravimetry: Oceanographic implications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE FREEBOARD; LOMONOSOV RIDGE; ALTIMETRY; CIRCULATION; THICKNESS; ANOMALIES; MISSION; GRACE; BASIN; LASER AB Precise mappings of sea surface topography, slope, and gravity of the Arctic Ocean are derived from altimeter data collected by Envisat and ICESat. Both altimeters measured instantaneous sea surface height at leads in the sea ice. To reduce contamination by ice-freeboard signal and tracker noise in Envisat height data, a retracking of the waveform data was performed. Analogous reprocessing of ICESat data was also done. Arctic mean sea surfaces (MSSs) were computed from Envisat data spanning 2002-2008 and ICESat data spanning 2003-2009. Farrell et al. (2012) used these "ICEn" MSSs to estimate mean dynamic topography (MDT). These same Envisat and ICESat data are used, in sea-surface-slope form, to compute the ARCtic Satellite-only (ARCS-2) altimetric marine gravity field. ARCS-2 extends north to 86 degrees N and uses GRACE/GOCE gravity data (GOCO02S) for its long-wavelength (>260 km) components. Use of Envisat data improves the spatial resolution over that of existing Arctic marine gravity fields in many areas. ARCS-2's spatial resolution aids in tracing tectonic fabric-e. g., extinct plate boundaries-over broad areas of the Arctic basin whose tectonic origin remains a mystery. ARCS-2's precision is validated using NASA 2010/2011 Operation IceBridge (OIB) airborne gravimetry. ARCS-2 and OIB gravity along with ICEn-MSS results are employed to locate short-wavelength errors approaching 1 m in current Arctic marine geoids (EGM2008). Precise OIB airborne gravity corroborates that such errors in current geoid/gravity models are widespread in Arctic areas lacking accurate surface gravity data. These geoid errors limit the spatial resolution at which MDT can be mapped. Citation: McAdoo, D. C., S. L. Farrell, S. Laxon, A. Ridout, H. J. Zwally, and D. Yi (2013), Gravity of the Arctic Ocean from satellite data with validations using airborne gravimetry: Oceanographic implications, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 917-930, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20080. C1 [McAdoo, David C.; Farrell, Sinead Louise] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. [McAdoo, David C.; Farrell, Sinead Louise] Uni Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Laxon, Seymour; Ridout, Andy] UCL, Natl Ctr Earth Observat, Ctr Polar Observat & Modelling, London, England. [Farrell, Sinead Louise; Zwally, H. J.; Yi, Donghui] NASA, Cryospher Sci Branch, Goddard SFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP McAdoo, DC (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. EM Dave.McAdoo@noaa.gov RI Farrell, Sinead/F-5586-2010; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010 OI Farrell, Sinead/0000-0003-3222-2751; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2013 VL 118 IS 2 BP 917 EP 930 DI 10.1002/jgrc.20080 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 129LK UT WOS:000317840700025 ER PT J AU Somerton, D Goodman, S Foy, R Rugolo, L Slater, L AF Somerton, David Goodman, Scott Foy, Robert Rugolo, Lou Slater, Laura TI Growth per Molt of Snow Crab in the Eastern Bering Sea SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHIONOECETES-OPILIO BRACHYURA; BENTHIC STAGES; TANNER CRAB; MAJIDAE; BAIRDI; TRAWL; GULF AB The growth per molt of snow crab Chionoecetes opilio in the eastern Bering Sea is poorly known, primarily because snow crabs are difficult to sample during their spring molting period due to the presence of sea ice. To provide better estimates of growth per molt for the stock assessment model used to manage the snow crab fishery, a study was conducted to collect juvenile crabs with a bottom trawler and return them to holding facilities at Dutch Harbor and Kodiak, Alaska. Since relatively few of these crabs subsequently molted, these data were augmented with molting data collected by two previous, unpublished studies. Based on a total of 35 observations, snow crabs grew according to the following premolt (PRMW ) and postmolt (POMW ) carapace width relationships: POMW = 4.00 + 1.46(PRMW ), where PRMW < 36.1mm, and POMW = 48.83 + 1.17(PRMW 36.1), where PRMW 36.1mm. Received July 23, 2012; accepted September 13, 2012 C1 [Somerton, David] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Groundfish Assessment Program, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. [Goodman, Scott] Nat Resources Consultants Inc, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. [Foy, Robert; Rugolo, Lou] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Slater, Laura] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Commercial Fisheries Div, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Somerton, D (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Groundfish Assessment Program, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. EM david.somerton@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Fisheries Research Foundation FX We thank the staff of the Dutch Harbor office of the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (Heather Fitch, Rachel Alinsunurin, Britta Baechler, Ian Fo, Loren St Amand, and Trent Hartill) for help with the snow crab holding study, the staff of Unisea Inc. (Todd Shoup, Don Graves, and Guy Collins) for providing the dock and live tank facilities in Dutch Harbor, and the captain and crew of the F/V Half Moon Bay for their support through the rigors of snow crab sampling. This study was partially funded by the North Pacific Fisheries Research Foundation. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 33 IS 1 BP 140 EP 147 DI 10.1080/02755947.2012.732671 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 128BP UT WOS:000317743400015 ER PT J AU Botelho, JC Shacklady, C Cooper, HC Tai, SSC Van Uytfanghe, K Thienpont, LM Vesper, HW AF Botelho, Julianne Cook Shacklady, Christopher Cooper, Hans C. Tai, Susan S. -C. Van Uytfanghe, Katleen Thienpont, Linda M. Vesper, Hubert W. TI Isotope-Dilution Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Candidate Reference Method for Total Testosterone in Human Serum SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE; METABOLIC SYNDROME; ADULT MEN; MORTALITY; THERAPY; SOCIETY; DYSFUNCTION; ANDROGENS; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND: We developed and evaluated a candidate reference measurement procedure (RMP) to standardize testosterone measurements, provide highly accurate and precise value assignments for the CDC Hormone Standardization Program, and ensure accurate and comparable results across testing systems and laboratories. METHODS: After 2 liquid/liquid extractions of serum with a combination of ethyl acetate and hexane, we quantified testosterone by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive ion mode monitoring 289 -> 97 m/z (testosterone) and 292 -> 112 m/z (C-3(13) testosterone). We used calibrator bracketing and gravimetric measurements to give higher specificity and accuracy to serum value assignments. The candidate RMP was evaluated for accuracy by use of NIST-certified reference material SRM971 and validated by split-sample comparison to established RMPs. We evaluated intraassay and interassay imprecision, measurement uncertainty, potential interferences, and matrix effects. RESULTS: A weighted Deming regression comparison of the candidate RMP to established RMPs showed agreement with no statistical difference (slope 0.99, 95% CI 0.98-1.00, intercept 0.54, 95% CI -1.24 to 2.32) and a bias of <= 0.3% for NIST SRM971. The candidate RMP gave maximum intraassay, interassay, and total percent CVs of 1.5%, 1.4%, and 1.7% across the concentrations of testosterone typically found in healthy men and women. We tested structural analogs of testosterone and 125 serum samples and found no interferences with the measurement. CONCLUSIONS: This RMP for testosterone can serve as a higher-order standard for measurement traceability and can be used to provide an accuracy base to which routine methods can be compared in the CDC Hormone Standardization Program. (C) 2012 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 [Botelho, Julianne Cook; Shacklady, Christopher; Cooper, Hans C.; Vesper, Hubert W.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Clin Chem Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Tai, Susan S. -C.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Van Uytfanghe, Katleen; Thienpont, Linda M.] Univ Ghent, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hvesper@cdc.gov OI Van Uytfanghe, Katleen/0000-0001-8195-150X FU Abbott Laboratories through the CDC Foundation FX Abbott Laboratories (formerly Solvay Pharmaceuticals) provided the initial funding for this project through the CDC Foundation. The Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion provided the Mass Spectrometry instrumentation for this project. Expert Testimony: C. Shacklady, CDC. NR 41 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 59 IS 2 BP 372 EP 380 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2012.190934 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 122RY UT WOS:000317337000010 PM 23213081 ER PT J AU Lewis, R Wang, YD Bradley, PE Huber, ML Radebaugh, R Lee, YC AF Lewis, Ryan Wang, Yunda Bradley, Peter E. Huber, Marcia L. Radebaugh, Ray Lee, Y. C. TI Experimental investigation of low-pressure refrigerant mixtures for micro cryogenic coolers SO CRYOGENICS LA English DT Article DE Mixed refrigerant; Joule-Thomson; Microcryogenic cooler; Pulsating flow; Annular flow ID MIXED-REFRIGERANT AB Micro Cryogenic Coolers (MCCs) can achieve very small sizes and high efficiencies when operating with a refrigerant mixture, but micro-scale compressors have a limited pressure output. Four refrigerant mixtures were designed to operate between 0.4 MPa and 0.1 MPa, and tested in a MCC system both with and without pre-cooling. For comparison, two pure refrigerants were tested as well. Without pre-cooling, each mixture exhibited considerably lower cooling power than the design value. With pre-cooling, the mixtures exhibited unsteady cooling temperatures accompanied by flow pulsations after a period of time. The low cooling power, unsteady temperatures, and time required for the pulsations to occur are analyzed in terms of composition change due to liquid hold-up in the annular and intermittent flow regimes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lewis, Ryan; Wang, Yunda; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bradley, Peter E.; Huber, Marcia L.; Radebaugh, Ray] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lewis, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ryan.J.Lewis-1@Colorado.EDU FU DARPA Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program [NBCHC060052, W31P4Q-10-1-0004] FX This work is supported by the DARPA Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program with Grant Numbers NBCHC060052 and W31P4Q-10-1-0004. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0011-2275 J9 CRYOGENICS JI Cryogenics PD FEB PY 2013 VL 54 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.12.004 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Physics GA 124FH UT WOS:000317448700006 ER PT J AU Millward, G Biesecker, D Pizzo, V de Koning, CA AF Millward, G. Biesecker, D. Pizzo, V. de Koning, C. A. TI An operational software tool for the analysis of coronagraph images: Determining CME parameters for input into the WSA-Enlil heliospheric model SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MASS EJECTIONS; SPACE WEATHER; CONE MODEL; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; EARTH; LASCO AB Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)-massive explosions of dense plasma that originate in the lower solar atmosphere and propagate outward into the solar wind-are the leading cause of significant space weather effects within Earth's environment. Computational models of the heliosphere such as WSA-Enlil offer the possibility of predicting whether a given CME will become geo-effective and, if so, the likely time of arrival at Earth. To be meaningful, such a forecast model is dependent upon accurately characterizing key parameters for the CME, notably its speed and direction of propagation, and its angular width. Studies by Zhao et al. (2002) and Xie et al. (2004) suggest that these key CME parameters can be deduced from geometric analysis of the elliptical "halo" forms observed in coronagraph images on spacecraft such as the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and which result from a CME whose propagation is roughly toward or away from the observer. Both studies assume that the CME presents a circular cross-section and maintains a constant angular width during its radial expansion, the so called "cone model." Development work at the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) has been concerned with building and testing software tools to allow forecasters to determine these CME parameters routinely within an operational context, a key aspect of transitioning the WSA-Enlil heliospheric model into operations at the National Weather Service. We find "single viewpoint" cone analysis, while a useful start, to be highly problematic in many real-world situations. In particular, it is extremely difficult to establish objectively the correct ellipse that should be applied to a given halo form and that small changes in the exact ellipse chosen can lead to large differences in the deduced CME parameters. The inaccuracies in the technique are particularly evident for analysis of the "nearly circular" elliptical forms which result from CMEs that are propagating directly toward the observer and are therefore the most likely to be geo-effective. In working to resolve this issue we have developed a new three-dimensional (3-D) graphics-based analysis system which seeks to reduce inaccuracies by analyzing a CME using coronagraph images taken concurrently by SOHO and also by the two Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft, which provide additional viewing locations well away from the Sun-Earth line. The resulting "three view" technique has led to the development of the CME Analysis Tool (CAT), an operational software system in routine use at the SWPC as the primary means to determine CME parameters for input into the WSA-Enlil model. Results from the operational WSA-Enlil system are presented: utilizing CAT to provide CME input parameters, we show that, during the first year of operations at SWPC, the WSA-Enlil model has forecasted the arrival of CMEs at Earth with an average error 7.5 h. Citation: Millward, G., D. Biesecker, V. Pizzo, and C. A. de Koning (2013), An operational software tool for the analysis of coronagraph images: Determining CME parameters for input into the WSA-Enlil heliospheric model, Space Weather, 11, 57-68, doi:10.1002/swe.20024. C1 [Millward, G.; de Koning, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Millward, G.; Biesecker, D.; Pizzo, V.; de Koning, C. A.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr SWPC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Millward, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM george.millward@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD FEB PY 2013 VL 11 IS 2 BP 57 EP 68 DI 10.1002/swe.20024 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 129IZ UT WOS:000317834000006 ER PT J AU Leech, PJ Lynch-Stieglitz, J Zhang, R AF Leech, Peter J. Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean Zhang, Rong TI Western Pacific thermocline structure and the Pacific marine Intertropical Convergence Zone during the Last Glacial Maximum SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Last Glacial Maximum; western tropical pacific; Intertropical Convergence Zone; oxygen isotopes; planktonic foraminifera ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; OCEAN; ITCZ; LOCATION; FORAMINIFERA; CONVECTION; TRANSPORT AB Paleoclimate proxy evidence suggests a southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) during times of Northern Hemisphere cooling, including the Last Glacial Maximum, 19-23 ka before present. However, evidence for movement over the Pacific has mainly been limited to precipitation reconstructions near the continents, and the position of the Pacific marine ITCZ is less well constrained. In this study, we address this problem by taking advantage of the fact that the upper ocean density structure reflects the overlying wind field. We reconstruct changes in the upper ocean density structure during the LGM using oxygen isotope measurements on the planktonic foraminifera G. ruber and G. tumida in a transect of sediment cores from the Western Tropical Pacific. The data suggests a ridge in the thermocline just north of the present-day ITCZ persists for at least part of the LGM, and a structure in the Southern Hemisphere that differs from today. The reconstructed structure is consistent with that produced in a General Circulation Model with both a Northern and Southern Hemisphere ITCZ. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Leech, Peter J.; Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Zhang, Rong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Leech, PJ (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM leech@gatech.edu RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean/0000-0002-9353-1972 FU NSF [NSF OCE09-62010, OCE-1003374]; Comer Science and Education Foundation FX The authors would like to thank Tiee-Yuh Chang for laboratory work. For access to sediment samples, we would like to thank Ramona Lotti and George Lozefsky of the Lamont-Doherty Deep-Sea Sample Repository at Columbia University, supported by NSF grant NSF OCE09-62010, and Robert Thunell and Eric Tappa at the University of South Carolina. We also would like to thank Pedro DiNezio, Yohei Takano and William Kessler for their input, and the reviewers of the first version of this paper whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. CMAP Precipitation data is provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd. This work was funded by the Comer Science and Education Foundation and NSF grant OCE-1003374 to JLS. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 363 BP 133 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.12.026 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 113CH UT WOS:000316643300014 ER PT J AU Vadrevu, KP Csiszar, I Ellicott, E Giglio, L Badarinath, KVS Vermote, E Justice, C AF Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad Csiszar, Ivan Ellicott, Evan Giglio, Louis Badarinath, K. V. S. Vermote, Eric Justice, Chris TI Hotspot Analysis of Vegetation Fires and Intensity in the Indian Region SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Fires; FRP; India; vegetation ID BOREAL FOREST; MODIS; BIOMASS; LANDSCAPE; EMISSIONS; DYNAMICS; TROPICS; ECOSYSTEM; SAVANNA; FLORIDA AB In this study, we quantify vegetation fire activity in India using the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) active fire datasets. We assessed different fire regime attributes, i.e., fire frequency, seasonality, intensity and the type of vegetation burnt in diverse geographical regions. MODIS data from 2002-2010 revealed an average of 63696 fire counts per year with the highest during 2009. Fire season in India extends from October to June with the peak during March. The K-means algorithm identified hotspot regions of fire clusters in diverse regions of India. We examined fire radiative power (FRP) data in the hotspot regions to address which fires burn intensively than others based on the vegetation type. We first assessed the best statistical fit distributions for the FRP data using the probability density functions (PDFs) and ranked them based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic. We then described the fire intensities using empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). Results suggest diverse pdfs for the FRP data that included Burr, Dagum, Johnson as well as Pearson distribution and they varied based on the vegetation type burnt. Analysis from empirical CDFs suggested relatively high fire intensity for closed broadleaved evergreen/ semi-deciduous forests than the other vegetation types. Although, annual sum of FRP for agricultural fires was less than the closed broadleaved evergreen forests, the values were higher than the mosaic vegetation category and broadleaved deciduous forests. These results on fire hotspots and FRP will be useful to address the impact of vegetation fires on air pollution and climate in India. C1 [Vadrevu, Krishna Prasad; Ellicott, Evan; Giglio, Louis; Vermote, Eric; Justice, Chris] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Giglio, Louis] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Badarinath, K. V. S.] Govt India, Natl Remote Sensing Ctr, Dept Space, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. RP Vadrevu, KP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; OI Vadrevu, Krishna/0000-0003-4407-5605 FU NASA [NNX10AU77G] FX This work was supported by NASA grant NNX10AU77G. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 1 SI SI BP 224 EP 238 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2012.2210699 PG 15 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 110UG UT WOS:000316471600023 ER PT J AU McLeman, C Moody, D AF McLeman, Cam Moody, Dustin TI CLASS NUMBERS VIA 3-ISOGENIES AND ELLIPTIC SURFACES SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMBER THEORY LA English DT Article DE Elliptic curve; elliptic surface; class number; character sum ID BILINEAR CHARACTER SUMS; COMPLEX MULTIPLICATION; EXPONENTIAL-SUMS; FINITE-FIELDS; CURVES AB We show that a character sum attached to a family of 3-isogenies defined on the fibers of a certain elliptic surface over F-p relates to the class number of the quadratic imaginary number field Q(root-p). In this sense, this provides a higher-dimensional analog of some recent class number formulas associated to 2-isogenies of elliptic curves. C1 [McLeman, Cam] Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Flint, MI USA. [Moody, Dustin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McLeman, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Math, Flint, MI USA. EM mclemanc@umflint.edu; dustin.moody@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 1793-0421 J9 INT J NUMBER THEORY JI Int. J. Number Theory PD FEB PY 2013 VL 9 IS 1 BP 125 EP 137 DI 10.1142/S179304211250128X PG 13 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 117JU UT WOS:000316950300009 ER PT J AU Perkins, RA Sengers, JV Abdulagatov, IM Huber, ML AF Perkins, R. A. Sengers, J. V. Abdulagatov, I. M. Huber, M. L. TI Simplified Model for the Critical Thermal-Conductivity Enhancement in Molecular Fluids SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Acentric factor; Correlation length; Corresponding states; Critical amplitudes; Critical dynamics; Mode-coupling theory; Thermal conductivity; Thermal diffusivity ID ISOCHORIC HEAT-CAPACITY; EXTENDED CRITICAL REGION; EQUATION-OF-STATE; GLOBAL THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIOR; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL-POINT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; 70 MPA; 600 K; BINARY-MIXTURES AB This paper reviews the available information for the thermal-conductivity enhancement. This enhancement can be represented by a simplified solution of the mode-coupling theory of critical dynamics with two critical amplitudes and one cutoff wave number as fluid-specific parameters. Using corresponding states, these fluid-specific parameters are correlated in terms of their dependence on the acentric factor. A universal representation of the critical enhancement of the thermal conductivity for a large number of molecular fluids is presented. C1 [Perkins, R. A.; Sengers, J. V.; Abdulagatov, I. M.; Huber, M. L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sengers, J. V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Perkins, RA (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richard.perkins@nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 NR 101 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 34 IS 2 BP 191 EP 212 DI 10.1007/s10765-013-1409-z PG 22 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 114LG UT WOS:000316742100001 ER PT J AU Kitzmiller, D Miller, D Fulton, R Ding, F AF Kitzmiller, David Miller, Dennis Fulton, Richard Ding, Feng TI Radar and Multisensor Precipitation Estimation Techniques in National Weather Service Hydrologic Operations SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Precipitation; Radar; Hydrologic prediction; Rain gauge; Satellite; Multisensor ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RAIN-GAUGE DATA; UNITED-STATES; WSR-88D; NEXRAD; REFLECTIVITY; ADJUSTMENT; MODEL; BIAS; PREDICTION AB This paper describes techniques used operationally by the National Weather Service (NWS) to prepare gridded multisensor (gauge, radar, and satellite) quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) for input into hydrologic forecast models and decision-making systems for river forecasting, flood and flash flood warning, and other hydrologic monitoring purposes. Advanced hydrologic prediction techniques require a spatially continuous representation of the precipitation field, and remote sensor input is critical to achieving this continuity. Although detailed descriptions of individual remote sensor estimation algorithms have been published, this review provides a summary of how the estimates from these various sources are merged into finished products. Emphasis is placed on the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) Precipitation Processing System (PPS) and the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) algorithms that utilize a combination of in situ rain gauges and remotely sensed measurements to provide a real-time suite of gridded radar and multisensor precipitation products. These two algorithm suites work in series to combine both computer-automated and human-interactive techniques, and they are used routinely at NWS field offices [river forecast centers (RFCs) and weather forecast offices (WFOs)] to support NWS's broader hydrologic missions. The resulting precipitation products are also available to scientists and engineers outside the NWS; a summary of characteristics and sources of these products is presented. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000523. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Kitzmiller, David; Miller, Dennis] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Fulton, Richard] NOAA, Off Syst Dev, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ding, Feng] ADNET Syst Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Ding, Feng] TCoombs & Associates LLC, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Kitzmiller, D (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1335 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM david.kitzmiller@noaa.gov NR 68 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 19 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 SI SI BP 133 EP 142 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000523 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 111ZK UT WOS:000316560700002 ER PT J AU Habib, E Qin, LL Seo, DJ Ciach, GJ Nelson, BR AF Habib, Emad Qin, Lingling Seo, Dong-Jun Ciach, Grzegorz J. Nelson, Brian R. TI Independent Assessment of Incremental Complexity in NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimator Algorithms SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; Radar; Multisensor; Estimation; Assessment ID RAIN-GAUGE MEASUREMENTS; GUADALUPE RIVER-BASIN; REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR-RAINFALL; REPRESENTATIVENESS ERRORS; NEXRAD PRECIPITATION; SYSTEM; VERIFICATION; PRODUCTS; BIAS AB This paper presents a comprehensive intercomparison analysis of different radar-based multisensor precipitation products generated operationally by the National Weather Service (NWS) Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) algorithm from the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler version and concurrent rain gauge data. The analysis provides close insight into different effects of the increasing degree of complexitzy in the MPE algorithms. First, a gauge-only product produced by the MPE algorithm was assessed. Then six MPE products were analyzed: a radar-only product, a mean-field bias-adjusted product, a local bias-adjusted product, two products that are based on merging the bias-adjusted products with gauge observations, and a final product that includes human intervention by NWS forecasters. Data from a dense, carefully maintained experimental rain gauge cluster are used as an independent surface reference. A number of summary and conditional statistics are applied to the product intercomparisons. The results reported in this paper show that the most effective improvement of the rainfall products comes from applying the mean-field bias adjustment to the radar-only product. The analysis demonstrates that, for the current study site, some best-intended schemes for the optimal merging of radar and rain gauge data processing did not necessarily lead to clear improvements and, in some respects, caused accuracy degradation in the final products. This behavior by the MPE merging schemes is possibly attributed to the rather poor density of operational rain gauges that need to be available in real time for the implementation of such schemes. Future research is required to examine whether this behavior persists in other regions that may have better coverage and availability of operational rain gauges. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000638. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Habib, Emad; Qin, Lingling; Ciach, Grzegorz J.] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Civil Engn, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Nelson, Brian R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Habib, E (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Civil Engn, POB 42991, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM habib@louisiana.edu RI Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014 FU LaSPACE Research Enhancement Awards program under the agreement NASA/LEQSF-LaSPACE; DART NSF-BORSF program FX This study was funded in part by the LaSPACE Research Enhancement Awards program under the agreement NASA/LEQSF(2005-2010)-LaSPACE and the DART NSF-BORSF program. The authors thank Jeff Graschel at LMRFC for providing the different MPE products and for numerous insightful discussions. Paul Tilles of NWS/OHD is acknowledged for providing the list of the MPE parameters. NR 46 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 SI SI BP 143 EP 155 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000638 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 111ZK UT WOS:000316560700003 ER PT J AU Mazari, N Xie, HJ Zeitler, J Sharif, HO AF Mazari, Newfel Xie, Hongjie Zeitler, Jon Sharif, Hatim O. TI Validation of the NEXRAD DSP Product with a Dense Rain Gauge Network SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Next generation weather radar; Digital storm-total precipitation; Gauges; Rainfall; Comparison ID III PRECIPITATION DATA; RADAR; REFLECTIVITY; BASIN; GAGE AB The Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) system digital storm-total precipitation product (DSP; 2 km x 1 degrees at 4-7-min intervals) is examined for its quality in terms of precipitation quantity and spatial rainfall distribution. Observations from a network of 50 rain gauges in the Upper Guadalupe River Basin are compared to the DSP rainfall estimates from two radars: KEWX at New Braunfels, Texas, and KDFX (14 km east of Brackettville, Texas), for the period of September 2006 to June 2008. The rainfall data comparisons are conducted at three temporal scales: 6 min, 1 h, and storm-total accumulations, and at different distances from the radars, from near (<50 km) to middle (50-100 km), far (100-160 km), and very far ranges (>160 km). A strong range dependence is found from radar estimates, i.e., radar underestimates at near and very far ranges (<50 and >160 km), matches well or slightly overestimates at middle ranges (50-100 km), and overestimates at far ranges (100-160 km). The correlation coefficients between paired radar and gauge precipitation estimates are moderate (r from 0.62 to 0.76) for both radars at the three time scales, however, they are spatially different (at the county level, showing a decreasing trend from middle to far ranges, passing west to east through Kerr, Kendall, Comal, and Guadalupe counties) under the KDFX umbrella. Under the KEWX umbrella, there is no trend of spatial correlation coefficients from county to county. Similarly, there is an overall increase of mean relative difference between radar and gauge values from middle to far ranges from the KDFX radar, but mixed results for the KEWX radar. The probabilities of rainfall detection (POD) for both radars are greater than 90% and are always higher than the gauge PODs, which increase from similar to 10% at the 6-min temporal scale, to similar to 30% at the hourly scale, to similar to 70% for the storm-total scale. There is no range dependence for POD. Overall, the DSP product suffers from severe range dependence, and its rainfall estimates agree better with rain gauge estimates during the warm season than during the cold season. However, the DSP's advantages in high temporal and spatial resolutions and the near real time storm-total rainfall estimations provide great potential for near real time flash flood monitoring and forecasting at local and regional scales, although it still needs more testing and corrections, especially at very close ranges, far ranges, and during the cold season. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000676. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Mazari, Newfel] Univ Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Xie, Hongjie] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zeitler, Jon] Austin San Antonio Natl Weather Serv, New Braunfels, TX 78130 USA. [Sharif, Hatim O.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. RP Xie, HJ (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Geol Sci, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM hongjie.xie@utsa.edu RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010; Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009 OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210 FU NOAA/UCAR/COMET [S06-58383]; NOAA [NA06NWS4680012] FX This study was partly supported by the NOAA/UCAR/COMET grant #S06-58383 and NOAA grant #NA06NWS4680012. We appreciate the help of Jason Burks of the NWS Weather Forecast Office, Huntsville, Alabama who provided the DSPtoShapeFile program, the help from National Weather Service (Greg Story), and Guadalupe-Blanco River Authority in archiving and providing radar and rain gauges data is sincerely acknowledged. Critical reviews and constructive comments by three anonymous reviewers helped to improve the quality of this manuscript. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 SI SI BP 156 EP 167 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000676 PG 12 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 111ZK UT WOS:000316560700004 ER PT J AU Sharif, HO Chintalapudi, S Hassan, AA Xie, HJ Zeitler, J AF Sharif, Hatim O. Chintalapudi, Singaiah Hassan, Almoutaz A. Xie, Hongjie Zeitler, Jon TI Physically Based Hydrological Modeling of the 2002 Floods in San Antonio, Texas SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Flood; Hydrologic modeling; Rainfall; GSSHA ID III PRECIPITATION DATA; UNITED-STATES; FLASH-FLOOD; WATER; FREQUENCY; TRENDS; BASIN; SOILS AB The July 2002 floods in South Texas resulted from excessive precipitation caused by a slow moving tropical wave accompanied by an abundance of tropical moisture, which resulted in 12 deaths and nearly $1 billion in damage. South Central Texas is particularly vulnerable to floods because of: (1) its proximity to a moist air source (the Gulf of Mexico); (2) the Balcones Escarpment, which concentrates rainfall runoff; (3) a tendency for synoptic scale features to become cut off and stall over the area; and (4) decaying tropical cyclones stalling over the area. This paper examines the hydrology of the July 2002 floods in three urbanized watersheds in the city of San Antonio and Bexar County, Texas. The physically based, distributed parameter gridded surface subsurface hydrologic analysis hydrologic model was used to simulate the flood over the three watersheds. Various flood control features were included in the simulations. The hydrologic model, driven by the next generation radar multi-sensor precipitation estimator, was able to reasonably simulate runoff in the three watersheds. Differences in the responses of the three watersheds were highlighted with the role of flood-control hydraulic structures. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.19435584.0000475. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Sharif, Hatim O.; Chintalapudi, Singaiah; Hassan, Almoutaz A.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Xie, Hongjie] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Zeitler, Jon] NOAA, NWS, Austin San Antonio Weather Forecast Off, New Braunfels, TX USA. RP Sharif, HO (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM hatim.sharif@utsa.edu RI Sharif, Hatim/E-4426-2010; Xie, Hongjie/B-5845-2009 OI Xie, Hongjie/0000-0003-3516-1210 FU NOAA [NA06NWS4680012] FX This study was supported in part by a NOAA Grant (NA06NWS4680012). Help from Austin/San Antonio National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office staff is greatly appreciated. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 16 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 2 SI SI BP 228 EP 236 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000475 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 111ZK UT WOS:000316560700012 ER PT J AU Ropp, C Cummins, Z Nah, S Fourkas, JT Shapiro, B Waks, E AF Ropp, Chad Cummins, Zachary Nah, Sanghee Fourkas, John T. Shapiro, Benjamin Waks, Edo TI Nanoscale imaging and spontaneous emission control with a single nano-positioned quantum dot SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURES; SURFACE-PLASMONS; NANOPARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; TIP; GENERATION; RESOLUTION; PRECISION AB Plasmonic nanostructures confine light on the nanoscale, enabling ultra-compact optical devices that exhibit strong light-matter interactions. Quantum dots are ideal for probing plasmonic devices because of their nanoscopic size and desirable emission properties. However, probing with single quantum dots has remained challenging because their small size also makes them difficult to manipulate. Here we demonstrate the use of quantum dots as on-demand probes for imaging plasmonic nanostructures, as well as for realizing spontaneous emission control at the single emitter level with nanoscale spatial accuracy. A single quantum dot is positioned with microfluidic flow control to probe the local density of optical states of a silver nanowire, achieving 12 nm imaging accuracy. The high spatial accuracy of this scanning technique enables a new method for spontaneous emission control where interference of counter-propagating surface plasmon polaritons results in spatial oscillations of the quantum dot lifetime as it is positioned along the wire axis. C1 [Ropp, Chad; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ropp, Chad; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cummins, Zachary; Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cummins, Zachary; Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nah, Sanghee; Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waks, Edo] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu RI Fourkas, John/B-3500-2009 OI Fourkas, John/0000-0002-4522-9584 FU DARPA Defense Science Office [W31P4Q0910013]; National Science Foundation [ECCS-0846494]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute [PHY-0822671]; Office of Naval Research Applied Electromagnetics Center [N000140911190]; Maryland NanoCenter; NispLab; NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility FX We thank B. Edwards and N. Engheta for helpful suggestions and discussion. This work was supported by a DARPA Defense Science Office grant (Grant W31P4Q0910013). E. W. acknowledges funding support from a National Science Foundation CAREER award (grant number ECCS-0846494), the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (grant number PHY-0822671) and the Office of Naval Research Applied Electromagnetics Center (grant number N000140911190). We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. NR 55 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 113 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 4 AR 1447 DI 10.1038/ncomms2477 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 112TL UT WOS:000316616400023 PM 23385591 ER PT J AU Morrill, C AF Morrill, Carrie TI PALAEOCLIMATE Asian connections SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT News Item ID EVENT; MONSOON C1 [Morrill, Carrie] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Morrill, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carrie.morrill@noaa.gov OI Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 91 EP 92 DI 10.1038/ngeo1718 PG 2 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 117HO UT WOS:000316944400010 ER PT J AU Sylvie, JR Thomas, SR Lee, SH Chapman, RE Smith, RT AF Sylvie, Jonathan R. Thomas, Stephen R. Lee, Sang-Hoon Chapman, Robert E. Smith, Ryan T. TI Development and Interpretation of the Security Rating Index SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT-ASCE LA English DT Article DE Security; Terrorism; Assessments; Construction industry; Project management; Industrial facilities AB This paper documents the second phase of a three-phase research effort to develop and deploy best practices for project security on industrial construction projects. Specifically, it details the development and interpretation and initial validation of the security rating index, which provides a means of quantitatively assessing the level of implementation of security practices for a project. The security rating index must be used in the context of threat and consequence levels. The threat level quantifies the intention and capability of an adversary to undertake detrimental actions, whereas the consequence level quantifies potential impacts of a security breach over the facility life cycle. This approach allows comparisons to be made between projects with similar security considerations. The security rating index is the first tool to integrate and quantify risk, consequence, and security best practice implementation. It can also be used as a checklist to integrate the appropriate security measures in the early phases of project planning. Once sufficient data are available, the security rating index will provide a means by which companies can gauge the level of security integration of their own projects against similar projects within the industry. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000591. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Sylvie, Jonathan R.] Page Southerland Page LLP, Austin, TX 78701 USA. [Thomas, Stephen R.] Construct Ind Inst, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Thomas, Stephen R.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78759 USA. [Lee, Sang-Hoon] PJCOVA Consulting Grp, Houston, TX 77080 USA. [Chapman, Robert E.] NIST, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Ryan T.] AMEC Environm & Infrastruct Inc, Addison, TX 75001 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), PJCOVA Consulting Grp, Houston, TX 77080 USA. EM pjcova@gmail.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9364 J9 J CONSTR ENG M ASCE JI J. Constr. Eng. Manage.-ASCE PD FEB PY 2013 VL 139 IS 2 BP 185 EP 194 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000591 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 111WD UT WOS:000316550900007 ER PT J AU Ogburn, MB Criales, MM Thompson, RT Browder, JA AF Ogburn, Matthew B. Criales, Maria M. Thompson, R. Tyler Browder, Joan A. TI Endogenous swimming activity rhythms of postlarvae and juveniles of the penaeid shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, and Litopenaeus setiferus SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Farfantepenaeus aztecus; Farfantepenaeus duorarum; Litopenaeus setiferus; Endogenous rhythms; Selective tidal-stream transport; Recruitment ID CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; TIDAL-STREAM TRANSPORT; CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; PINK SHRIMP; BROWN SHRIMP; FLORIDA BAY; WHITE SHRIMP; SECONDARY DISPERSAL; ESTUARINE WATERS; SOUTH-CAROLINA AB Selective tidal-stream transport is commonly used by marine animals to migrate between oceanic and estuarine habitats as they undergo ontogenetic migrations, but behaviors used to accomplish these migrations may differ among species, life history stages, or locations. The ecologically and commercially important brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, pink shrimp, Farfantepenaeus duorarum, and white shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus, undergo ontogenetic migrations between spawning locations on the continental shelf and juvenile nursery habitats in estuaries. This study evaluated the role of endogenous rhythms in vertical swimming activity in Flood Tide Transport (FTT) of postlarvae entering estuaries and the potential for shifts in behavior between the postlarval and juvenile stages. Brown and pink shrimp postlarvae exhibited circatidal rhythms in vertical swimming activity with period lengths of approximately 12.4 h that coincided with the time of early flood tide in the field, whereas white shrimp postlarvae did not exhibit an endogenous rhythm in swimming activity. Pink shrimp juveniles (20-40 mm total length) exhibited a distinct circadian activity rhythm with a mean period length of 23.8 +/- 3.7 h and peak swimming during the time of night in the field. Juvenile brown and white shrimp exhibited relatively weak circatidal activity rhythms with peak vertical swimming around the times of ebb and early flood tide in the field, respectively. These results suggest that 1) brown and pink shrimp postlarvae exhibited endogenous activity rhythms that would enhance FTT, 2) white shrimp postlarvae likely depend on environmental cues associated with flood tide to accomplish FTT, and 3) pink shrimp are unique among these three species in exhibiting a shift from a circatidal to a nocturnal swimming activity rhythm between postlarval and juvenile stages. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ogburn, Matthew B.; Thompson, R. Tyler] Savannah State Univ, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Criales, Maria M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Browder, Joan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL USA. RP Ogburn, MB (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, 647 Contees Wharf Rd, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM ogburnm@si.edu OI Ogburn, Matthew/0000-0001-5417-555X FU United States Department of Commerce; NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service [PL 88-309, 2-296-R]; NOM Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center [NA05OAR4811017]; NOM National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX Technical assistance was provided by E. Buck, H. Cardenas, T. Jackson, A. Reyes, and I. Zink The manuscript was improved with comments by Z. Darnell, R. Forward, and N. Hawthorne and an anonymous reviewer. Funding for this study was provided by the United States Department of Commerce, NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, under PL 88-309, Project 2-296-R, NOM Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center NA05OAR4811017 and by the NOM National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center as part of the Habitat Conservation Program. [SS] NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 440 BP 149 EP 155 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2012.12.007 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 105SJ UT WOS:000316092500021 ER PT J AU Yeung, C Yang, MS Jewett, SC Naidu, AS AF Yeung, Cynthia Yang, Mei-Sun Jewett, Stephen C. Naidu, A. S. TI Polychaete assemblage as surrogate for prey availability in assessing southeastern Bering Sea flatfish habitat SO JOURNAL OF SEA RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Essential fish habitat; Flatfish distribution; Infauna; Sediment; Spatial correspondence; Stomach content ID PLAICE PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; SOLEA-SOLEA; TAGUS ESTUARY; CHUKCHI SEAS; JUVENILE; SHELF; COMMUNITY; SEDIMENTS; ECOLOGY; ALASKA AB The flatfish yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra), and Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus) in the southeastern Bering Sea prey mainly on infauna. Spatial correspondence between their stomach contents and infauna assemblages across habitat types was examined to identify indices of prey availability for flatfish habitat characterization and quality assessment. Benthic samples and flatfish stomachs were collected in 2009 near the Alaska Peninsula in the southeastern Bering Sea. Polychaetes and bivalves were the most dominant infauna groups, each comprising 35-60% by weight in each infauna sample. These two were also the only prey groups that frequently averaged >50% of stomach content by weight. Bivalves dominated the infauna biomass on the relatively sandy inner shelf (0-50 m depth). The muddier middle shelf (50-100 m) had the highest infauna biomass, which was dominated by polychaetes. Diet compositions of the flatfish varied spatially in correspondence with the infauna assemblage. Polychaetes were prevalent in all flatfish diets on the middle shelf, even yellowfin sole whose typical primary prey are amphipods and bivalves. Polychaete-rich habitats are potentially prime for flatfish as polychaetes are readily utilized where available and generally have high nutritional value. Flatfish did not select for specific polychaete taxa, so an index of habitat quality could be based on the biomass of aggregate polychaetes or on dominant polychaete families of the region. Under normal environmental conditions, the three flatfish have slightly-offset spatial distributions, enabling each to utilize different infauna assemblages across the shelf. However, during cold phases in the Bering Sea ecosystem, as when this study was conducted, a cold pool of <2 degrees C bottom water from the spring ice melt extends over the middle shelf in summer. This physiological barrier displaces all three flatfish to the inner shelf, intensifying competition for prey resources. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yeung, Cynthia; Yang, Mei-Sun] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Jewett, Stephen C.; Naidu, A. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Yeung, C (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM cynthia.yeung@noaa.gov; mei-sun.yang@noaa.gov; scjewett@alaska.edu; sanaidu@alaska.edu NR 62 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1385-1101 J9 J SEA RES JI J. Sea Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 76 BP 211 EP 221 DI 10.1016/j.seares.2012.09.008 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 113EL UT WOS:000316649200024 ER PT J AU Cole, R AF Cole, Rick TI Site Characterization of Offshore Wind Energy Areas Metocean Sensors Assess Conditions, Risks and Impacts of US WEAs SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Cole, Rick] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL USA. [Cole, Rick] Univ S Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Cole, Rick] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Cole, R (reprint author), RDSEA Int Inc, St Pete Beach, FL 33706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 54 IS 2 BP 21 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 111FE UT WOS:000316506100004 ER PT J AU Krycka, KL Borchers, JA Salazar-Alvarez, G Lopez-Ortega, A Estrader, M Estrade, S Winkler, E Zysler, RD Sort, J Peiro, F Baro, MD Kao, CC Nogues, J AF Krycka, Kathryn L. Borchers, Julie A. Salazar-Alvarez, German Lopez-Ortega, Alberto Estrader, Marta Estrade, Sonia Winkler, Elin Daniel Zysler, Roberto Sort, Jordi Peiro, Francesca Dolors Baro, Maria Kao, Chi-Chang Nogues, Josep TI Resolving Material-Specific Structures within Fe3O4 vertical bar gamma-Mn2O3 Core vertical bar Shell Nanoparticles Using Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE core vertical bar shell nanoparticles; Fe3O4; gamma-Mn2O3; neutron scattering; anomalous X-ray scattering; SAXS ID ELECTRON MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FUNCTION PHASE REFINEMENT; FE3O4 NANOPARTICLES; SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; GROWTH MECHANISMS; SPIN-RESONANCE; IRON; NANOCRYSTALS; SPECTROSCOPY; MNO AB Here it is demonstrated that multiple-energy, anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) provides significant enhancement in sensitivity to internal material boundaries of layered nanoparticles compared with the traditional modeling of a single scattering energy, even for cases in which high scattering contrast naturally exists. Specifically, the material-specific structure of monodispersed Fe3O4 vertical bar gamma-Mn2O3 core vertical bar shell nanoparticles is determined, and the contribution of each component to the total scattering profile is identified with unprecedented clarity. We show that Fe3O4 vertical bar gamma-Mn2O3 core vertical bar shell nanoparticles with a diameter of 8.2 +/- 0.2 nm consist of a core with a composition near Fe3O4 surrounded by a (MnxFe1-x)(3)O-4 shell with a graded composition, ranging from x approximate to 0.40 at the Inner shell toward x approximate to 0.46 at the surface. Evaluation of the scattering contribution arising from the interference between material-specific layers additionally reveals the presence of Fe3O4 cores without a coating shell. Finally, it is found that the material-specific scattering profile shapes and chemical compositions extracted by this method are independent of the original input chemical compositions used in the analysis, revealing multiple-energy ASAXS as a powerful tool for determining internal nanostructured morphology even if the exact composition of the individual layers is not known a priori. C1 [Krycka, Kathryn L.; Borchers, Julie A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salazar-Alvarez, German; Estrader, Marta] Stockholm Univ, Dept Mat & Environm Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Lopez-Ortega, Alberto; Estrader, Marta; Nogues, Josep] CIN2 ICN CSIC, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Lopez-Ortega, Alberto; Estrader, Marta; Nogues, Josep] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Catalan Inst Nanotechnol ICN, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Lopez-Ortega, Alberto; Estrader, Marta; Sort, Jordi; Dolors Baro, Maria; Nogues, Josep] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Dept Fis, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. [Estrade, Sonia] Univ Barcelona, CCiT, TEM MAT, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Estrade, Sonia; Peiro, Francesca] Univ Barcelona, LENS, MIND IN2UB, Dept Elect, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Winkler, Elin; Daniel Zysler, Roberto] CNEA CONICET, Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. [Sort, Jordi; Nogues, Josep] ICREA, Barcelona 08010, Spain. [Kao, Chi-Chang] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lightsource, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Krycka, KL (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov RI Salazar-Alvarez, German/A-4802-2009; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Baro, Maria Dolors/A-2096-2009; Estrade, Sonia/F-9494-2016; Sort, Jordi/F-6582-2014; Lopez-Ortega, Alberto/A-7140-2015; Peiro, Francesca/N-4436-2014 OI Salazar-Alvarez, German/0000-0002-0671-435X; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Baro, Maria Dolors/0000-0002-8636-1063; Estrade, Sonia/0000-0002-3340-877X; Sort, Jordi/0000-0003-1213-3639; Lopez-Ortega, Alberto/0000-0003-3440-4444; Peiro, Francesca/0000-0002-5697-0554 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, DMR-0454672]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Ames Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-82]; Spanish MICINN [MAT2008-01939-E, MAT2010-20616-C02, MAT2010-16407, CSD2009-00013, CSD2006-00012]; Catalan DGR [2009-SGR-1292, 2009-SGR-00035]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Foundation [3DEM-NATUR]; Generalitat de Catalunya; ICREA ACADEMIA award FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement Nos. DMR-0944772 and DMR-0454672. U.S. Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357, and Ames Laboratory Contract No.W-7405-Eng-82. Work was also supported by the Spanish MICINN (MAT2008-01939-E, MAT2010-20616-C02, MAT2010-16407, CSD2009-00013, and CSD2006-00012) and Catalan DGR (2009-SGR-1292 and 2009-SGR-00035). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Part of this work was performed on the SIM beamline at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland. The authors thank D. Robinson, P. Ryan, and Z. Islam for their help performing the anomalous X-ray scattering measurements at beamline 6-ID-B of the Advanced Photon Source. The authors also thank A. Fraile-Rodriguez and A. Mayoral for their help during the XAS-XMCD and EELS mapping experiments, respectively. G.S.A. thanks the Knut and Alice Wallenberg (KAW) Foundation (Project 3DEM-NATUR) for the partial financial support. M.E. thanks the Generalitat de Catalunya for her Beatriu de Pinos scholarship. M.D.B. was partially supported by an ICREA ACADEMIA award. NR 67 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 90 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 921 EP 931 DI 10.1021/nn303600e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 099KA UT WOS:000315618700008 PM 23320459 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD Turner, DD Walden, VP Bennartz, R Cadeddu, MP Castellani, BB Cox, CJ Hudak, DR Kulie, MS Miller, NB Neely, RR Neff, WD Rowe, PM AF Shupe, Matthew D. Turner, David D. Walden, Von P. Bennartz, Ralf Cadeddu, Maria P. Castellani, Benjamin B. Cox, Christopher J. Hudak, David R. Kulie, Mark S. Miller, Nathaniel B. Neely, Ryan R., III Neff, William D. Rowe, Penny M. TI HIGH AND DRY New Observations of Tropospheric and Cloud Properties above the Greenland Ice Sheet SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; SEA-LEVEL RISE; PART I; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ARCTIC CLOUD; MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY; PHASE DETERMINATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; SNOW ACCUMULATION; ANTARCTIC PLATEAU AB HIGH AND DRY: NEW OBSERVATIONS OF TROPOSPHERIC AND CLOUD PROPERTIES ABOVE THE GREENLAND ICE SHEET Cloud and atmospheric properties strongly influence the mass and energy budgets of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). To address critical gaps in the understanding of these systems, a new suite of cloud- and atmosphere-observing instruments has been installed on the central GIS as part of the Integrated Characterization of Energy, Clouds, Atmospheric State, and Precipitation at Summit (ICECAPS) project. During the first 20 months in operation, this complementary suite of active and passive ground-based sensors and radiosondes has provided new and unique perspectives on important cloud-atmosphere properties. High atop the GIS, the atmosphere is extremely dry and cold with strong near-surface static stability predominating throughout the year, particularly in winter. This low-level thermodynamic structure, coupled with frequent moisture inversions, conveys the importance of advection for local cloud and precipitation formation. Cloud liquid water is observed in all months of the year, even the particularly cold and dry winter, while annual cycle observations indicate that the largest atmospheric moisture amounts, cloud water contents, and snowfall occur in summer and under southwesterly flow. Many of the basic structural properties of clouds observed at Summit, Greenland, particularly for low-level stratiform clouds, are similar to their counterparts in Other Arctic regions. The ICECAPS observations and accompanying analyses will be used to improve the under-standing of key cloud-atmosphere processes and the manner in which they interact with the GIS. Furthermore, they will facilitate model evaluation and development in this data-sparse but environmentally unique region. (Page 169) C1 [Shupe, Matthew D.; Castellani, Benjamin B.; Neely, Ryan R., III] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.; Castellani, Benjamin B.; Neely, Ryan R., III; Neff, William D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Walden, Von P.; Cox, Christopher J.; Rowe, Penny M.] Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. [Bennartz, Ralf; Kulie, Mark S.; Miller, Nathaniel B.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cadeddu, Maria P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hudak, David R.] Environm Canada, King City, ON, Canada. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.shupe@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Cox, Christopher/O-4276-2016; Neely, Ryan/F-8702-2010; Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010; Kulie, Mark/C-3289-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Cox, Christopher/0000-0003-2203-7173; Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812; Kulie, Mark/0000-0003-1400-1007 FU U.S. National Science Foundation, Arctic Observing Network (AON) program [ARC-0856773, 0904152, 0856559]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX ICECAPS is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants ARC-0856773, 0904152, and 0856559 as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) program. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Additional instrumentation support is provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), U.S. Department of Energy ARM Program, and Environment Canada. Low-level wind and pressure measurements were obtained from the NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division. Model analyses were provided by Richard Forbes at the ECMWF. We appreciate the tremendous contributions from an extensive team who have facilitated field operations, installations, instrument maintenance, and other support, including Scott Abbott, Catherine Alvarez, Raul Alvarez, Steven Bradley, Rich Coulter, Thomas Cox, Bradley Halter, Michael Hardesty, Matthew Hayman, Duane Hazen, Richard Marchbanks, Timothy Martin, Aronne Merrelli, Ken Moran, Matthew Okrazewski, Erik Olson, Micheal O'Neill, Claire Pettersen, Peter Rodriguez, Lance Roth, Scott Sandberg, Robert Stillwell, and Jeffery Thayer. ICECAPS is made possible by excellent logistical support provided by Polar Field Services; including its team of remote and on-site personnel led by Katrine Gorham; and by the Summit Science Coordination Office led by John Burkhart and Jack Dibb. NR 76 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 169 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00249.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 103PY UT WOS:000315932500008 ER PT J AU El Fadli, KI Cerveny, RS Burt, CC Eden, P Parker, D Brunet, M Peterson, TC Mordacchini, G Pelino, V Bessemoulin, P Stella, JL Driouech, F Wahab, MMA Pace, MB AF El Fadli, Khalid I. Cerveny, Randall S. Burt, Christopher C. Eden, Philip Parker, David Brunet, Manola Peterson, Thomas C. Mordacchini, Gianpaolo Pelino, Vinicio Bessemoulin, Pierre Luis Stella, Jose Driouech, Fatima Wahab, M. M. Abdel Pace, Matthew B. TI WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ASSESSMENT OF THE PURPORTED WORLD RECORD 58 degrees C TEMPERATURE EXTREME AT EL AZIZIA, LIBYA (13 SEPTEMBER 1922) SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DEATH-VALLEY AB WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION ASSESSMENT OF THE PURPORTED WORLD RECORD 58 degrees C TEMPERATURE EXTREME AT EL AZIZIA, LIBYA (13 SEPTEMBER 1922) On 13 September 1922, a temperature of 58 degrees C (136.4 degrees F) was purportedly recorded at El Athia (approximately 40 km south-southwest of Tripoli) in what is now modern-day Libya. That temperature record of 58 degrees C has been cited by numerous world-record sources as the highest recorded temperature for the planet. During 2010-1L a World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission of Climatology (CCl) special international panel of meteorological experts conducted an in-depth investigation of this record temperature for the WMO World Archive of Weather and Climate Extremes (http://wmo.asu.edu/). This committee identified five major concerns with the 1922 El Azizia temperature extreme record, specifically 1) potentially problematical instrumentation, 2) a probable new and inexperienced observer at the time of observation, 3) unrepresentative microclimate of the observation site, 4) poor correspondence of the extreme to other locations, and 5) poor comparison to subsequent temperature values recorded at the site. Based on these concerns, the WMO World Archive of Weather and Glimate Extremes rejected this temperature extreme of 58 degrees C as the highest temperature officially recorded on the planet. The WMO assessment is that the highest recorded surface temperature of 56.7 degrees C (134 degrees F) was measured on 10 July 1913 at Greenland Ranch (Death Valley), California. (Page 199) C1 [El Fadli, Khalid I.] Libyan Natl Meteorol Ctr, Climate & Climate Change Dept, Tripoli, Libya. [Cerveny, Randall S.; Pace, Matthew B.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Burt, Christopher C.] Weather Underground LLC, San Francisco, CA USA. [Eden, Philip] Chilterns Observ Trust, Whipsnade, England. [Parker, David] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Brunet, Manola] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Dept Geog, Ctr Climate Change, Tarragona, Spain. [Brunet, Manola] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Mordacchini, Gianpaolo; Pelino, Vinicio] Italian AF Meteorol Serv, Climatol Dept, Pomezia, Italy. [Bessemoulin, Pierre] Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Luis Stella, Jose] Serv Meteorol Nacl, Climatol Dept, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Driouech, Fatima] Direct Meteorol Natl, Climate Studies Serv, Casablanca, Morocco. [Wahab, M. M. Abdel] Cairo Univ, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Giza, Egypt. RP Cerveny, RS (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Geog Sci & Urban Planning, POB 875302, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM cerveny@asu.edu FU DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; EU [242093] FX The authors, members of the WMO CCl El Azizia temperature extreme evaluation committee, sincerely thank the many people involved in this research tor their valuable contributions, including David Phillips, Rainher Bohm, Maurizio Maugeri, Michelle Brunetti, Paolo Brenni, Maximiliano Herrera, Piotr Djakow, Howard Rainford, Julie Crain, Jim Pettit, Federico Noris, and the three reviewers. Support for the Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment program, and Office of Biological and Environmental Research, and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office. David Parker is supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (Grant GA01101). Manola Brunet is supported by the EU project EURO4M (FP7-SPACE-2009-1 Proposal 242093). This investigation was initiated based on information presented by Christopher C. Burt of Weather Underground, Inc. (www.wunderground.com, 8 Oct 2010, in a blog entry titled "Questions. concerning the world's hottest temperature on record"). NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 199 EP 204 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 103PY UT WOS:000315932500010 ER PT J AU Lattanzio, A Schulz, J Matthews, J Okuyama, A Theodore, B Bates, JJ Knapp, KR Kosaka, Y Schuller, L AF Lattanzio, Alessio Schulz, Joerg Matthews, Jessica Okuyama, Arata Theodore, Bertrand Bates, John J. Knapp, Kenneth R. Kosaka, Yuki Schueller, Lothar TI LAND SURFACE ALBEDO FROM GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES: A Multiagency Collaboration within SCOPE-CM SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; METEOSAT; RETRIEVAL AB LAND SURFACE ALBEDO. FROM GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES: A MULTIAGENCY COLLABORATION WITHIN SCOPE-CM. Climate has been recognized to have direct and indirect impact on society and economy, both in the long term and daily life. The challenge of understanding the climate system, with its variability and changes, is enormous and requires a joint long-term international commitment from research and governmental institutions. An important international body to coordinate worldwide climate monitoring efforts is the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) has the mission to provide coordination and the requirements for global observations and essential climate variables (ECVs) to monitor climate changes. The WMO-led activity on Sustained, Coordinated Processing of Environmental Satellite Data for Climate Monitoring (SCOPE-CM) is responding to these requirements by ensuring a continuous and sustained generation of climate data records (CDRs) from satellite data in compliance with the principles and guidelines of GCOS. SCOPE-CM represents a new partnership between operational space agencies to coordinate the generation of CDRs. To this end, pilot projects for different ECVs, such as surface albedo, cloud properties, water vapor, atmospheric motion winds, and upper-tropospheric humidity, have been initiated. The coordinated activity on land surface albedo involves the operational meteorological satellite agencies in Europe [European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT)], in Japan [the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)], and in the United States [National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)]. This paper presents the first results toward the generation of a unique land surface albedo CDR, involving five different geostationary satellite positions and approximately three decades of data starting in the 1980s, and combining close to 30 different satellite instruments. (Page 205) C1 [Lattanzio, Alessio] Makalumedia GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. [Lattanzio, Alessio; Schulz, Joerg; Schueller, Lothar] European Org Exploitat Meteorol Satellites, Darmstadt, Germany. [Matthews, Jessica] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Matthews, Jessica; Bates, John J.; Knapp, Kenneth R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Okuyama, Arata; Kosaka, Yuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Theodore, Bertrand] MOLTEK SAS, Villeneuve, France. NOAA, Asheville, NC USA. RP Lattanzio, A (reprint author), EUMETSAT, Eumetsat Allee 1, D-64295 Darmstadt, Germany. EM alessio.lattanzio@eumetsat.int RI Matthews, Jessica/D-5478-2014; Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; Matthews, Jessica L./0000-0002-6968-3474 NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00230.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 103PY UT WOS:000315932500011 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zhang, JA Yang, XF Pichel, WG DeMaria, M Long, D Li, ZW AF Li, Xiaofeng Zhang, Jun A. Yang, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. DeMaria, Mark Long, David Li, Ziwei TI TROPICAL CYCLONE MORPHOLOGY FROM SPACEBORNE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; DOPPLER RADAR; ROLL VORTICES; EYE; INTENSITY; ISABEL; OCEAN; WINDS; SAR AB TROPICAL CYCLONE MORPHOLOGY FROM SPACEBORNE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR In 2008, the Canadian Space Agency sponsored the Radarsat Hurricane Applications Project (RHAP), for researching new developments in the application of Radarsat-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and innovative mapping approaches to better understand the dynamics of tropical cyclone genesis, morphology, and movement. Although tropical cyclones can be detected by many remote sensors, SAR can yield high-resolution (subkilometer) and low-level storm information that cannot be seen below the clouds by other sensors. In addition to the wind field and tropical cyclone eye information, structures associated with atmospheric processes can also be detected by SAR. We have acquired 161 Radarsat-1 SAR images through RHAP between 2001 and 2007. Among these, 73 images show clear tropical cyclone eye structure. In addition, we also acquired 10 images from the European Space Agency's Envisat SAR between 2004 and 2010. Both Atlantic hurricanes and Pacific typhoons are included. In this study, we analyze these 83 (73 Radarsat-1 and 10 Envisat) images with tropical cyclone eye information along with ancillary tropical cyclone intensity information from the archive to generate tropical cyclone morphology statistics. Histograms of wave-number asymmetry and intensity are presented. The statistics show that when the storm has higher intensity, the tropical cyclone eye tends to become more symmetric, and the area of the tropical cyclone eye, defined by the minimum wind area, tends to be smaller. Examples of finescale structures within the tropical cyclone (i.e., eye/eyewall mesovortices, arc clouds, double eyewalls, and abnormally high wind or rain within eyes) are presented and discussed. (Page 215) C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD USA. [Zhang, Jun A.] NOAA, AOML, Hurrioane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Yang, Xiaofeng; Li, Ziwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing Applicat, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Pichel, William G.; Long, David] NOAA, STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Long, David] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), 20A Datun Rd, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM yangxf@irsa.ac.cn RI Long, David/K-4908-2015; yang, xiaofeng/K-5245-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Long, David/0000-0002-1852-3972; yang, xiaofeng/0000-0001-9920-4641; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119; Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; FU European Space Agency [141, 6133]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41228007, 41201350] FX Radarsat-1 SAR images were provided by CSA through the project "Innovative Research and Development of Applications in Using Radarsat-1 Hurricane SAR Data." The Envisat ASAR images were provided by the European Space Agency under Envisat Projects 141 and 6133. The HURDAT best-track data are obtained from the NOAA National Hurricane Center (www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastall.shtml#hurdat). The RSMC besttrack data are obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency (www.jma.go./jma /jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/besttrack.html). This work is also supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 41228007 and 41201350. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 45 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 94 IS 2 BP 215 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00211.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 103PY UT WOS:000315932500012 ER PT J AU Kotwicki, S De Robertis, A Ianelli, JN Punt, AE Horne, JK AF Kotwicki, Stan De Robertis, Alex Ianelli, James N. Punt, Andre E. Horne, John K. TI Combining bottom trawl and acoustic data to model acoustic dead zone correction and bottom trawl efficiency parameters for semipelagic species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; CONVENTIONAL RESEARCH VESSEL; COD GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; SEMI-DEMERSAL FISH; STOCK ASSESSMENT; NORTHERN COD; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES ACOUSTICS; ALWAYS ENCOUNTER AB We present a modeling method that combines acoustic and bottom trawl abundance measurements and habitat data to estimate acoustic dead zone (ADZ) correction and bottom trawl efficiency parameters. Bottom trawl and acoustic measurements of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) abundance and available habitat data from the eastern Bering Sea are used to illustrate this method. Our results show that predictions of fish abundance in the ADZ can be improved by incorporating bottom habitat features such as depth and sediment particle size, as well as pelagic habitat features such as water temperature, light level, and current velocity. We also obtain predictions for trawl efficiency parameters such as effective fishing height, density-dependent trawl efficiency, and catchability ratio between trawl and acoustic data by modeling bottom trawl catches as a function of acoustic measurements and the environmentally dependent ADZ correction. We conclude that catchability of walleye pollock for either survey is spatially and temporarily variable. Our modeling method can be applied to other semipelagic species to obtain estimates of ADZ correction and bottom trawl efficiency parameters. C1 [Kotwicki, Stan; De Robertis, Alex; Ianelli, James N.; Horne, John K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kotwicki, Stan; Punt, Andre E.; Horne, John K.] Univ Washington, Sch Fishery & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kotwicki, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM stan.kotwicki@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 81 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 30 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 70 IS 2 BP 208 EP 219 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0321 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TH UT WOS:000316017500007 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Clarke, ME Stewart, IJ Punt, AE AF Thorson, James T. Clarke, M. Elizabeth Stewart, Ian J. Punt, Andre E. TI The implications of spatially varying catchability on bottom trawl surveys of fish abundance: a proposed solution involving underwater vehicles SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STOCK ASSESSMENT MODELS; COUNT DATA; UNTRAWLABLE AREAS; SURVEY VESSELS; INFERENCE; GROUNDFISH; EFFICIENCY; FISHERIES; HABITATS AB Bottom trawl sampling is used to estimate trends in stock abundance for groundfishes worldwide, including Pacific rockfishes (Sebastes spp.). However, trawl sampling efficiency varies spatially and the distribution of groundfish populations may change among easy-and difficult-to-survey areas over time. These concerns have prompted interest in using underwater vehicles (UVs), for which catchability is likely to decrease less in rocky habitats. In this study, we use simulation modeling to evaluate the abundance trends arising from bottom trawl sampling given density-dependent habitat selection and spatially varying catchability. We first demonstrate that relative abundance indices in this case will generally be biased measures of changes in population abundance. We also propose and evaluate a sampling design that combines data from bottom trawl and UV gears. Combined sampling has greater precision than UV sampling, lower bias than bottom trawl sampling, and is robust to moderately violated assumptions regarding sampling strata or spatial catchability. We conclude by recommending future research that could test the assumptions under which combined sampling is a feasible solution to spatially varying catchability. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Clarke, M. Elizabeth; Stewart, Ian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM JimThor@uw.edu RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014; OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU University of Washington; NMFS-Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship [NA09OAR4170120]; NMFS via NOAA Cooperative Agreement [354 NA17RJ1232]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148, 2027] FX The authors thank the NOAA Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, NOAA Fisheries 2725 Montlake Blvd. Seattle, WA 98112. We also thank C. Whitmere, M. Singh, M. Yaklovich, and others that are developing and testing underwater vehicle equipment and technology; and editorial help from T. Essington, J. Hastie, R. Hilborn, M. McClure, and R. Methot. Support was provided by the University of Washington, the NMFS-Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship (NA09OAR4170120), and a NMFS grant to the University of Washington via NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. 354 NA17RJ1232. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, Contribution No. 2027. We also thank three anonymous reviewers, the Associated Editor, and repeated help from H. Foster. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 17 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 70 IS 2 BP 294 EP 306 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0330 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 104TH UT WOS:000316017500015 ER PT J AU Ruppert, LF Sakurovs, R Blach, TP He, LL Melnichenko, YB Mildner, DFR Alcantar-Lopez, L AF Ruppert, Leslie F. Sakurovs, Richard Blach, Tomasz P. He, Lilin Melnichenko, Yuri B. Mildner, David F. R. Alcantar-Lopez, Leo TI A USANS/SANS Study of the Accessibility of Pores in the Barnett Shale to Methane and Water SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; GAS-ADSORPTION; COAL; MICROSTRUCTURE; POROSITY; SORPTION; MATURATION; RESERVOIR; WOODFORD; HELIUM AB Shale is an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States. The gas is held in fine pores that need to be accessed by horizontal drilling and hydrofracturing techniques. Understanding the nature of the pores may provide clues to making gas extraction more efficient. We have investigated two Mississippian Barnett Shale samples, combining small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (USANS) to determine the pore size distribution of the shale over the size range 10 nm to 10 mu m. By adding deuterated methane (CD4) and, separately, deuterated water (D(2)0) to the shale, we have identified the fraction of pores that are accessible to these compounds over this size range. The total pore size distribution is essentially identical for the two samples. At pore sizes >250 nm, >85% of the pores in both samples are accessible to both CD4, and D2O. However, differences in accessibility to CD4, are observed in the smaller pore sizes (similar to 25 nm). In one sample, CD4, penetrated the smallest pores as effectively as it did the larger ones. In the other sample, less than 70% of the smallest pores (<25 nm) were accessible to CD4, but they were still largely penetrable by water, suggesting that small-scale heterogeneities in methane accessibility occur in the shale samples even though the total porosity does not differ. An additional study investigating the dependence of scattered intensity with pressure of CD4, allows for an accurate estimation of the pressure at which the scattered intensity is at a minimum. This study provides information about the composition of the material immediately surrounding the pores. Most of the accessible (open) pores in the 25 nm size range can be associated with either mineral matter or high reflectance organic material. However, a complementary scanning electron microscopy investigation shows that most of the pores in these shale samples are contained in the organic components. The neutron scattering results indicate that the pores are not equally proportioned in the different constituents within the shale. There is some indication from the SANS results that the composition of the pore-containing material varies with pore size; the pore size distribution associated with mineral matter is different from that associated with organic phases. C1 [Ruppert, Leslie F.] US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resource Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr, Reston, VA 20192 USA. [Sakurovs, Richard] CSIRO Riverside Life Sci Ctr, CSIRO Energy Technol, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia. [Blach, Tomasz P.] Queensland Univ Technol, Inst Future Environm, Brisbane, Qld Q4000, Australia. [He, Lilin; Melnichenko, Yuri B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Biol & Soft Matter Div, Neutron Scattering Directorate, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alcantar-Lopez, Leo] Chesapeake Energy Corp, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. RP Ruppert, LF (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Eastern Energy Resource Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr, MS 956, Reston, VA 20192 USA. EM lruppert@usgs.gov OI Ruppert, Leslie/0000-0002-7453-1061; He, Lilin/0000-0002-9560-8101 FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; ORNL; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program and the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. This research was supported in part by the ORNL Postdoctoral Research Associates Program, administered jointly by the ORNL and the Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. In addition, the research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology on the BTS Ultrasmall-Angle Neutron Scattering instrument utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. James C. Hower, Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, and Cortland F. Eble, Kentucky Geological Survey, kindly performed vitrinite reflectance analyses. Mention of specific commercial products does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 26 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 109 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 772 EP 779 DI 10.1021/ef301859s PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 096VD UT WOS:000315431900020 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Abel, KR Bruno, TJ AF Hsieh, Peter Y. Abel, Kathryn R. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Analysis of Marine Diesel Fuel with the Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; ROCKET PROPELLANTS RP-1; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; JET-A; IMPROVEMENTS; VARIABILITY; PETROLEUM; S-8 AB Ocean-going ships burn heavy fuel oil. The combustion of heavy fuel oil in marine diesel engines emits nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulates into the air. Growing public concern over air quality has led to increased scrutiny of heavy fuel oil as a source of air pollutants, with calls for greater regulation of its composition to safeguard public health and the environment. Heavy fuel oil is a complex mixture, prepared by blending residual oil from petroleum distillation with more volatile fractions to meet industry standards. The fuel composition has a significant effect on the type and amount of combustion products produced, but the complexity of heavy fuel oil blends has hindered past efforts at analysis. The advanced distillation curve (ADC) method was developed as a complex fluid analysis protocol, combining thermophysical and chemical properties measurement. We applied the ADC method, under reduced pressure, to a sample of IFO 380 intermediate fuel oil to characterize its volatility and composition as a function of volume fraction. Applying the analytical method to heavy fuel oil yields quantitative data that can be used to model and design more efficient internal combustion engines for ocean-going ships, improving maritime fuel economy while reducing the amount of harmful pollutants released into the atmosphere. C1 [Hsieh, Peter Y.; Abel, Kathryn R.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway MS 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Hsieh, Peter/F-5433-2012 OI Hsieh, Peter/0000-0001-9010-4863 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST; NIST FX This research was performed while Peter Y. Hsieh held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. Kathryn R. Abel was supported by NIST through a Professional Research Experience Program (PREP) Scholarship. We acknowledge Dr. Katherine P. Rice at NIST for performing the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements and analysis. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD FEB PY 2013 VL 27 IS 2 BP 804 EP 810 DI 10.1021/ef3020525 PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 096VD UT WOS:000315431900024 ER PT J AU Shi, RP Wang, CP Wheeler, D Liu, XJ Wang, Y AF Shi, R. P. Wang, C. P. Wheeler, D. Liu, X. J. Wang, Y. TI Formation mechanisms of self-organized core/shell and core/shell/corona microstructures in liquid droplets of immiscible alloys SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Fe-Cu; Spinodal decomposition; Fluid flow; Marangoni convection; Phase field ID PHASE-FIELD SIMULATION; SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION; FLUID MIXTURES; COARSENING MECHANISMS; SEPARATION; MOTION; SOLIDIFICATION; SYSTEMS; POWDERS; ENERGY AB Formation mechanisms of self-organized core/shell (CS) and core/shell/corona (CSC) microstructures observed in liquid droplets of immiscible Cu-Fe-based alloys produced by gas atomization processing are investigated with computer simulations. The simulation method is based on a phase field approach that incorporates spinodal decomposition, subsequent coarsening, decomposition-induced fluid flow and Marangoni motion of second-phase droplets immersed in a major liquid-phase matrix. The roles played by each of these processes at different stages during the formation of CS and CSC structures are analyzed systematically as a function of droplet size. Other concurrent mechanisms responsible for the CS and CSC formation, such as coalescence and collisions, and attractive interactions between second-phase droplets, are identified. The differences in volume fraction and surface energies between the Cu-rich and Fe-rich liquid phases are also investigated to ascertain the final morphologies of CS and CSC microstructures. The simulations demonstrate that the influence of the physical process varies (determined by system size) at each stage of the evolution during CS and CSC formation. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shi, R. P.; Wang, C. P.; Liu, X. J.] Xiamen Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Coll Mat, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Shi, R. P.; Wang, Y.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Wheeler, D.] NIST, Div Met, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, XJ (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Coll Mat, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM lxj@xmu.edu.cn; wang.363@osu.edu RI Shi, Rongpei/D-3959-2011; Wang, Yunzhi/B-2557-2010; Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009 OI Shi, Rongpei/0000-0002-5007-4249; Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51031003, 51171159]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2009DFA52170]; National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB825700]; US AFOSR STW-21 Program [FA9550-09-1-0014]; NSF [CMMI-0728069, DMR1008349] FX This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51031003 and 51171159), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2009DFA52170) and the National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB825700) (X.J.L.); the US AFOSR STW-21 Program (Grant No. FA9550-09-1-0014) (R.P.S. and Y.W.) and NSF Grant Nos. CMMI-0728069 and DMR1008349 (Y.W.). NR 43 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 61 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 61 IS 4 BP 1229 EP 1243 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2012.10.033 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 096UZ UT WOS:000315431500021 ER PT J AU Foltynowicz, A Maslowski, P Fleisher, AJ Bjork, BJ Ye, J AF Foltynowicz, A. Maslowski, P. Fleisher, A. J. Bjork, B. J. Ye, J. TI Cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared application to trace detection of hydrogen peroxide SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; LASER-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; MU-M; PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; FEMTOSECOND LASER; BREATH ANALYSIS; EXPIRED BREATH; PULMONARY-DISEASE AB We demonstrate the first cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy in the mid-infrared wavelength region and report the sensitive real-time trace detection of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a large amount of water. The experimental apparatus is based on a mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped by a high-power Yb:fiber laser, a high-finesse broadband cavity, and a fast-scanning Fourier transform spectrometer with autobalancing detection. The comb spectrum with a bandwidth of 200 nm centered around 3.76 mu m is simultaneously coupled to the cavity and both degrees of freedom of the comb, i.e. the repetition rate and carrier envelope offset frequency, are locked to the cavity to ensure stable transmission. The autobalancing detection scheme reduces the intensity noise by a factor of 300, and a sensitivity of 5.4x10(-9) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) with a resolution of 800 MHz is achieved (corresponding to 6.9x10(-11) cm(-1) Hz(-1/2) per spectral element for 6000 resolved elements). This yields a noise equivalent detection limit for hydrogen peroxide of 8 parts-per-billion (ppb); in the presence of 2.8 % of water the detection limit is 130 ppb. Spectra of acetylene, methane, and nitrous oxide at atmospheric pressure are also presented, and a line-shape model is developed to simulate the experimental data. C1 [Foltynowicz, A.; Maslowski, P.; Fleisher, A. J.; Bjork, B. J.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foltynowicz, A.; Maslowski, P.; Fleisher, A. J.; Bjork, B. J.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Foltynowicz, A (reprint author), Umea Univ, Dept Phys, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. EM aleksandra.matyba@jila.colorado.edu RI Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; OI Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607; Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra/0000-0002-6191-7926 FU Swedish Research Council; National Research Council; AFOSR; DTRA; NIST; NSF FX The authors thank Terry Brown for developing the mid-infrared autobalancing detector and Dr. John Repine for stimulating discussions on the detection of H2O2 for medical diagnosis. A.F. acknowledges a Swedish Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. A.J.F. acknowledges a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. This project is supported by AFOSR, DTRA, NIST, and NSF. NR 92 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 109 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 110 IS 2 SI SI BP 163 EP 175 DI 10.1007/s00340-012-5024-7 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 097PV UT WOS:000315486900005 ER PT J AU Hong, SY Park, H Cheong, HB Kim, JEE Koo, MS Jang, J Ham, S Hwang, SO Park, BK Chang, EC Li, HQ AF Hong, Song-You Park, Hoon Cheong, Hyeong-Bin Kim, Jung-Eun Esther Koo, Myung-Seo Jang, Jihyeon Ham, Suryun Hwang, Seung-On Park, Byoung-Kwon Chang, Eun-Chul Li, Haiqin TI The Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) SO ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Numerical weather prediction; seasonal prediction; general circulation model; regional climate modeling; physics parameterization; climate modeling; GRIMs; WRF ID REGIONAL CLIMATE MODEL; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION SCHEME; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; DOUBLE FOURIER-SERIES; PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; BOUNDARY-LAYER PROCESSES; SOIL-MOISTURE ANOMALIES AB A multiscale atmospheric/oceanic model system with unified physics, the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) has been created for use in numerical weather prediction, seasonal simulations, and climate research projects, from global to regional scales. It includes not only the model code, but also the test cases and scripts. The model system is developed and practiced by taking advantage of both operational and research applications. This article outlines the history of GRIMs, its current applications, and plans for future development, providing a summary useful to present and future users. C1 [Hong, Song-You; Park, Hoon; Koo, Myung-Seo; Jang, Jihyeon; Ham, Suryun; Park, Byoung-Kwon] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Park, Hoon; Hwang, Seung-On; Park, Byoung-Kwon] Korea Meteorol Adm, Numer Weather Predict Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Cheong, Hyeong-Bin] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Environm Atmospher Sci, Pusan, South Korea. [Kim, Jung-Eun Esther] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Chang, Eun-Chul] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Li, Haiqin] Univ Florida, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Hong, SY (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 50 Yonsei Ro, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM songyouhong@gmail.com RI Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2012-0000158] FX The first author (S.-Y. Hong) acknowledges long-term standing discussions with late Masao Kanamitsu, not only those about modeling strategies, but also those about science and life. Lessons on numerical modeling with scientific attitudes from NCEP colleagues including Eugenia Kalnay, Hua-Lu Pan, and Hann-Ming Henry Juang should be appreciated. He is also grateful to late Kyung-Sub Shin, Wan-Ho Lee, and Daewon Byun for their constant encouragements since the model system was incubated. The authors acknowledge people who contributed to the development of early version of GRIMs: Young-Hwa Byun and Kyung-Hee Seol for SMP, Suhee Park and Johan Lee for MOM3, Hyun-Suk Kang, Yoo-Bin Yhang, and Ji-Woo Lee for RMP, and Kyo-Sun Sunny Lim and Hyeyum Hailey Shin for physics modules. Collaborations with Sook-Jung Hahm, Jwa-Kyum Kim, Hyung-Woo Kim, and Jong-Suk Kim at KAF should be acknowledged for the operational deployment of GRIMs. Acknowledgeable collaborations with Sandy Macdonald and Jin Lee accelerated the success of GRIMs mission. Lastly, sincere thanks go to the Korean scientists including Dong-Kyou Lee and Tae-Young Lee, who have kept interest in this model development activity. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012-0000158). NR 122 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 17 PU KOREAN METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA SHINKIL-DONG 508, SIWON BLDG 704, YONGDUNGPO-GU, SEOUL, 150-050, SOUTH KOREA SN 1976-7633 J9 ASIA-PAC J ATMOS SCI JI Asia-Pac. J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 2 BP 219 EP 243 DI 10.1007/s13143-013-0023-0 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098PU UT WOS:000315562000010 ER PT J AU Reeves, HD Dawson, DT AF Reeves, Heather Dawn Dawson, Daniel T., II TI The Dependence of QPF on the Choice of Microphysical Parameterization for Lake-Effect Snowstorms SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; 2001 IMPROVE-2 EVENT; EFFECT SNOW STORM; MODEL SIMULATIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PART I; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MESOSCALE STRUCTURE; HORIZONTAL-ROLL AB Several lake-effect-snow forecasts are compared to assess how the choice of microphysical parameterization affects quantitative precipitation forecasting (QPF). Eight different schemes, with different numbers of moments and categories of hydrometeors, are considered. Half of the schemes are in the steady regime (so named because the precipitation rates are nearly constant with time), and the remaining experiments are in the unsteady regime, which has a high temporal variation in precipitation. The steady-regime members have broader precipitation shields and 24-h accumulations that range from 43 to 50 mm. In the unsteady regime, the precipitation shields are narrower, leading to higher accumulations (ranging from 55 to 94 mm). These differences are the result of lower terminal velocities v(t) in the steady regime, which allows for relofting or suspension of hydrometeors (assuming the vertical velocity is sufficiently large) and, hence, a longer in-cloud residence time and stronger downstream transport. In the six-category experiments, low v(t) values in the steady regime occur in conjunction with a lower production of graupel, which is primarily due to less accretion of rain by snow. In the five-category experiments, differences are due to the way v(t) is functionally dependent on environmental temperature and the degree of riming, with the steady regime having a more conservative relation. The steady regime compares better to available observations, although both have notable forecast errors. C1 NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Reeves, HD (reprint author), NOAA, DOC, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2401, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM heather.reeves@noaa.gov RI Dawson II, Daniel/I-4552-2012 OI Dawson II, Daniel/0000-0002-2079-1247 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U. S. Department of Commerce; National Research Council FX Special thanks are given to B. Colle, D. Kristovich, T. Mansell, G. Thompson, J. Zhang, and anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce, and the National Research Council. This study was made possible in part because of the data made available by the governmental agencies, commercial firms, and educational institutions that participate in MesoWest. NR 63 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 363 EP 377 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-019.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097JO UT WOS:000315470000006 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Cifelli, R Gochis, D AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. Cifelli, Robert Gochis, David TI Measurements of Heavy Convective Rainfall in the Presence of Hail in Flood-Prone Areas Using an X-Band Polarimetric Radar SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DISDROMETER; PARAMETERS; RAINDROPS AB The utility of X-band polarimetric radar to provide rainfall estimations with high spatial and temporal resolution in heavy convective precipitation in the presence of hail is explored. A case study involving observations of strong convective cells with a transportable polarimetric X-band radar near Boulder, Colorado, is presented. These cells produced rain-hail mixtures with a significant liquid fraction, causing local flash floods and debris flow in an environmentally sensitive burn area that had been previously affected by wildfire. It is demonstrated that the specific differential phase shift (K-DP)-based rainfall estimator provided liquid accumulations that were in relatively good agreement with a network of high-density rain gauges and experimental disdrometers. This estimator was also able to capture the significant variability of accumulated rainfall in a relatively small area of interest, and the corresponding results were not significantly affected by hail. Hail presence, however, was a likely reason for significant overestimation of rainfall retrievals for X-band radar approaches that are based on radar-reflectivity Z(e) measurements that have been corrected for attenuation in rain. Even greater overestimations were observed with the S-band radar of the weather-service network. In part because of larger range distances, these radar data could not correctly reproduce the spatial variability of rainfall in the burn area. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Cifelli, Robert] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Gochis, David] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R-PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation; Physical Sciences Division at NOAA ESRL FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; The authors acknowledge Kurt Clark for operating and maintaining the HYDROX radar and Carroll Campbell, Jan Gibson, and Tim Coleman for assistance in data processing. The USGS gauge data were provided by John Moody. The ALERT gauge data were provided by the Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District. The HYDROX radar operations were supported by the Physical Sciences Division at NOAA ESRL. Support for collection and processing of the NCAR data was provided by Kyoko Ikeda, John Mickey, and Al Jachcik. Support for D. Gochis was provided by the National Science Foundation. NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 395 EP 407 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-052.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097JO UT WOS:000315470000008 ER PT J AU Cao, Q Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Qi, YC Zhang, J Wen, YX Kirstetter, PE AF Cao, Qing Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Qi, Youcun Zhang, Jian Wen, Yixin Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel TI Statistical and Physical Analysis of the Vertical Structure of Precipitation in the Mountainous West Region of the United States Using 11+ Years of Spaceborne Observations from TRMM Precipitation Radar SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE REFERENCE TECHNIQUE; RAIN-PROFILING ALGORITHM; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; MELTING-LAYER; BRIGHT BAND; REFLECTIVITY; QPE; SATELLITE; ORBIT AB This study presents a statistical analysis of the vertical structure of precipitation measured by NASA-Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency's (JAXA) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) in the region of southern California, Arizona, and western New Mexico, where the ground-based Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) network finds difficulties in accurately measuring surface precipitation because of beam blockages by complex terrain. This study has applied TRMM PR version-7 products 2A23 and 2A25 from 1 January 2000 to 26 October 2011. The seasonal, spatial, intensity-related, and type-related variabilities are characterized for the PR vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) as well as the heights of storm, freezing level, and bright band. The intensification and weakening of reflectivity at low levels in the VPR are studied through fitting physically based VPR slopes. Major findings include the following: precipitation type is the most significant factor determining the characteristics of VPRs, the shape of VPRs also influences the intensity of surface rainfall rates, the characteristics of VPRs have a seasonal dependence with strong similarities between the spring and autumn months, and the spatial variation of VPR characteristics suggests that the underlying terrain has an impact on the vertical structure. The comprehensive statistical and physical analysis strengthens the understanding of the vertical structure of precipitation and advocates for the approach of VPR correction to improve surface precipitation estimation in complex terrain. C1 [Cao, Qing; Hong, Yang; Wen, Yixin] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cao, Qing; Hong, Yang; Wen, Yixin; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Natl Weather Ctr, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Qi, Youcun; Zhang, Jian; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 4610, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; FU NASA Grant with the title of "Incorporating NASA Spaceborne Precipitation Research Products into National Mosaic QPE Real-time System for Improved Short-term Weather Prediction at Colorado Basin River Forecast Center" [NNX11AL78G]; NOAA Multi-Function Phased-Array Radar Project FX This work was supported by NASA Grant NNX11AL78G with the title of "Incorporating NASA Spaceborne Precipitation Research Products into National Mosaic QPE Real-time System for Improved Short-term Weather Prediction at Colorado Basin River Forecast Center" and the NOAA Multi-Function Phased-Array Radar Project administrated by the Atmospheric Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma. We appreciate scientists and engineers from NASA, who have made the TRMM PR data available. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 408 EP 424 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-095.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097JO UT WOS:000315470000009 ER PT J AU Sheridan, SC Pirhalla, DE Lee, CC Ransibrahmanakul, V AF Sheridan, Scott C. Pirhalla, Douglas E. Lee, Cameron C. Ransibrahmanakul, Varis TI Evaluating Linkages of Weather Patterns and Water Quality Responses in South Florida Using a Synoptic Climatological Approach SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; PINE BLISTER RUST; SHELF CIRCULATION; WEST; VARIABILITY; SEA; CLASSIFICATION; SURFACE AB Coastal ocean ecosystems are impacted by atmospheric conditions and events, including episodic severe systems such as hurricanes as well as more regular seasonal events. The complexity of the atmosphere-ocean relationship makes establishing concrete connections difficult. In this paper, this relationship is assessed through synoptic climatological methods, a technique well established in applied climatological research but heretofore rarely used in assessing coastal ocean water quality and ecological status. Historical sea level pressure data are used to define 10 circulation patterns across the southeastern United States and adjacent Gulf of Mexico, based on the spatial pattern of sea level pressure, which can then be associated with the presence of cyclones, precipitation, and wind stress. The frequency of these patterns, and their deviation from climatological means, is then compared with Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll observations over the Florida Bay and south Florida shelf for the period 1997-2010. Several circulation patterns indicative of cyclonic activity over the broader region are associated with increased chlorophyll levels in the study area, while several other patterns, indicative of anticyclonic conditions, are associated with decreased chlorophyll levels. These relationships are spatially and temporally variable, generally with stronger correlations observed in winter and spring, and farther north in the study region when compared with more southern locations near the Florida Keys. The results here demonstrate the potential of using synoptic analysis and derived statistics for tracking and modeling changes in chlorophyll and other indicators related to water quality and biological health. C1 [Sheridan, Scott C.; Lee, Cameron C.] Kent State Univ, Dept Geog, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Pirhalla, Douglas E.; Ransibrahmanakul, Varis] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Sheridan, SC (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Geog, POB 5190, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM ssherid1@kent.edu FU NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Science FX We thank the personnel at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Ocean Biology Processing Group, for making SeaWiFS level-2 files available and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, for providing up-to-date gridded NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis products. We acknowledge and appreciate the input, review, and comments provided by Dr. Chuanmin Hu from the Optical Oceanography Laboratory, University of South Florida, and Dr. Henry Briceno from the Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, during manuscript development. We also appreciate the helpful comments of the three anonymous reviewers of our manuscript. Funding support for the study was provided by NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Science. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 425 EP 438 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0126.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097JO UT WOS:000315470000010 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Ek, M Sheffield, J Livneh, B Huang, MY Wei, HL Feng, S Luo, LF Meng, J Wood, E AF Xia, Youlong Ek, Michael Sheffield, Justin Livneh, Ben Huang, Maoyi Wei, Helin Feng, Song Luo, Lifeng Meng, Jesse Wood, Eric TI Validation of Noah-Simulated Soil Temperature in the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MODEL; MOISTURE SIMULATIONS; OKLAHOMA MESONET; ETA-MODEL; IMPACT; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS; PREDICTION; PARAMETERIZATION; IMPLEMENTATION AB Soil temperature can exhibit considerable memory from weather and climate signals and is among the most important initial conditions in numerical weather and climate models. Consequently, a more accurate long-term land surface soil temperature dataset is needed to improve weather and climate simulation and prediction, and is also important for the simulation of agricultural crop yield and ecological processes. The North American Land Data Assimilation phase 2 (NLDAS-2) has generated 31 years (1979-2009) of simulated hourly soil temperature data with a spatial resolution of 1/8 degrees. This dataset has not been comprehensively evaluated to date. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to assess Noah-simulated soil temperature for different soil depths and time scales. The authors used long-term (1979-2001) observed monthly mean soil temperatures from 137 cooperative stations over the United States to evaluate simulated soil temperature for three soil layers (0-10, 10-40, and 40-100 cm) for annual and monthly time scales. Short-term (1997-99) observed soil temperatures from 72 Oklahoma Mesonet stations were used to validate simulated soil temperatures for three soil layers and for daily and hourly time scales. The results showed that the Noah land surface model generally matches observed soil temperature well for different soil layers and time scales. At greater depths, the simulation skill (anomaly correlation) decreased for all time scales. The monthly mean diurnal cycle difference between simulated and observed soil temperature revealed large midnight biases in the cold season that are due to small downward longwave radiation and issues related to model parameters. C1 [Xia, Youlong; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael; Wei, Helin; Meng, Jesse] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Sheffield, Justin; Wood, Eric] Princeton Univ, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Livneh, Ben] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Huang, Maoyi] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Feng, Song] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE USA. [Luo, Lifeng] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, VA 22046 USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov RI Huang, Maoyi/I-8599-2012; Livneh, Ben/I-2939-2015; OI Huang, Maoyi/0000-0001-9154-9485; LIVNEH, BEN/0000-0001-5445-2473 FU Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) program; State of Oklahoma; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830] FX Author YX is supported by Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) program. The authors thank the entire Oklahoma Mesonet team for their dedication to collect and measure soil temperature data. We also thank the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement and Oklahoma Mesonet programs for providing the ARM/CART and Oklahoma Mesonet meteorological, heat flux, and soil data that were provided to the project at no cost. The Oklahoma Mesonet Program is supported by the State of Oklahoma. This research would not have been possible without these measurements. The support to MH for processing the long-term soil temperature dataset from the ARM archive is provided by DOE's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program. PNNL is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 52 IS 2 BP 455 EP 471 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-033.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097JO UT WOS:000315470000012 ER PT J AU Heller, S AF Heller, Stephen TI WordPerfect Office X6 Software Review SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL INFORMATION AND MODELING LA English DT Software Review C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20902 USA. RP Heller, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20902 USA. EM srheller@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9596 J9 J CHEM INF MODEL JI J. Chem Inf. Model. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 53 IS 2 BP 519 EP 519 DI 10.1021/ci400031b PG 1 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Computer Science GA 097MT UT WOS:000315478900020 PM 23360539 ER PT J AU Landrum, L Otto-Bliesner, BL Wahl, ER Conley, A Lawrence, PJ Rosenbloom, N Teng, HY AF Landrum, Laura Otto-Bliesner, Bette L. Wahl, Eugene R. Conley, Andrew Lawrence, Peter J. Rosenbloom, Nan Teng, Haiyan TI Last Millennium Climate and Its Variability in CCSM4 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; PAST 1000 YEARS; EL-NINO/SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; ARCTIC SEA-ICE; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SYSTEM MODEL; MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY AB An overview of a simulation referred to as the "Last Millennium" (LM) simulation of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4), is presented. The CCSM4 LM simulation reproduces many large-scale climate patterns suggested by historical and proxy-data records, with Northern Hemisphere (NH) and Southern Hemisphere (SH) surface temperatures cooling to the early 1800s Common Era by similar to 0.5 degrees C (NH) and similar to 0.3 degrees C (SH), followed by warming to the present. High latitudes of both hemispheres show polar amplification of the cooling from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) to the Little Ice Age (LIA) associated with sea ice increases. The LM simulation does not reproduce La Nina-like cooling in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the MCA relative to the LIA, as has been suggested by proxy reconstructions. Still, dry medieval conditions over the southwestern and central United States are simulated in agreement with proxy indicators for these regions. Strong global cooling is associated with large volcanic eruptions, with indications of multidecadal colder climate in response to larger eruptions. The CCSM4's response to large volcanic eruptions captures some reconstructed patterns of temperature changes over Europe and North America, but not those of precipitation in the Asian monsoon region. The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) has higher variance at centennial periods in the LM simulation compared to the 1850 nontransient run, suggesting a long-term Atlantic Ocean response to natural forcings. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability modes show little or no change. CCSM4 does not simulate a persistent positive NAO or a prolonged period of negative PDO during the MCA, as suggested by some proxy reconstructions. C1 [Landrum, Laura; Otto-Bliesner, Bette L.; Conley, Andrew; Lawrence, Peter J.; Rosenbloom, Nan; Teng, Haiyan] NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wahl, Eugene R.] Natl Climat Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO USA. RP Landrum, L (reprint author), NCAR, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM landrum@ucar.edu FU National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs [0908675]; Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research program) of the U.S. Department of Energy FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.; We thank A. Mai for running the simulations and G. Strand for processing much of the model output analyzed here. Additionally, we thank the community of scientists and software engineers who have been instrumental in the development of CCSM4. Laura Landrum was supported by the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs, Grant 0908675. The CCSM project is supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (Biological and Environmental Research program) of the U.S. Department of Energy. Computing resources were provided by the Climate Simulation Laboratory at NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory (CISL) sponsored by the National Science Foundation and other agencies. NR 140 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 11 U2 95 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1111 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00326.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097IH UT WOS:000315466700001 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Zhang, LP Lee, SK AF Wang, Chunzai Zhang, Liping Lee, Sang-Ki TI Response of Freshwater Flux and Sea Surface Salinity to Variability of the Atlantic Warm Pool SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; WESTERN-HEMISPHERE; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS PROJECT; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; CLIMATE; SUMMER; LEVEL; MODEL AB The response of freshwater flux and sea surface salinity (SSS) to the Atlantic warm pool (AWP) variations from seasonal to multidecadal time scales is investigated by using various reanalysis products and observations. All of the datasets show a consistent response for all time scales: A large (small) AWP is associated with a local freshwater gain (loss) to the ocean, less (more) moisture transport across Central America, and a local low (high) SSS. The moisture budget analysis demonstrates that the freshwater change is dominated by the atmospheric mean circulation dynamics, while the effect of thermodynamics is of secondary importance. Further decomposition points out that the contribution of the mean circulation dynamics primarily arises from its divergent part, which mainly reflects the wind divergent change in the low level as a result of SST change. In association with a large (small) AWP, warmer (colder) than normal SST over the tropical North Atlantic can induce anomalous low-level convergence (divergence), which favors anomalous ascent (decent) and thus generates more (less) precipitation. On the other hand, a large (small) AWP weakens (strengthens) the trade wind and its associated westward moisture transport to the eastern North Pacific across Central America, which also favors more (less) moisture residing in the Atlantic and hence more (less) precipitation. The results imply that variability of freshwater flux and ocean salinity in the North Atlantic associated with the AWP may have the potential to affect the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Zhang, Liping; Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, Liping; Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Zhang, Liping] Ocean Univ China, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao, Peoples R China. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Program Office; NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX We thank Greg Foltz for serving as AOML's internal reviewer and two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. This work was supported by grants from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Program Office, the base funding of NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1267 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00284.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097IH UT WOS:000315466700009 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Wang, H Wang, WQ Xue, Y Hu, ZZ AF Kumar, Arun Wang, Hui Wang, Wanqiu Xue, Yan Hu, Zeng-Zhen TI Does Knowing the Oceanic PDO Phase Help Predict the Atmospheric Anomalies in Subsequent Months? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; STOCHASTIC CLIMATE MODELS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; CIRCULATION; SEASONALITY; PATTERNS; KUROSHIO; BRIDGE AB Based on analysis of a coupled model simulations with and without variability associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), it is demonstrated that knowing the current value of the ocean surface temperature-based index of the Pacific decadal oscillation (the OPDO index), and the corresponding atmospheric teleconnection pattern, does not add a predictive value for atmospheric anomalies in subsequent months. This is because although the OPDO index evolves on a slow time scale, it does not constrain the atmospheric variability in subsequent months, which retains its character of white noise stochastic variability and remains largely unpredictable. Further, the OPDO adds little to the atmospheric predictability originating from the tropical Pacific during ENSO years. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui; Wang, Wanqiu; Xue, Yan; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Sci, Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1268 EP 1285 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00057.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097IH UT WOS:000315466700010 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Wang, X AF Wang, Chunzai Wang, Xin TI Classifying El Nino Modoki I and II by Different Impacts on Rainfall in Southern China and Typhoon Tracks SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; EAST ASIAN TELECONNECTION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SUMMER MONSOON; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY; SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONES; REANALYSIS PROJECT; WARM POOL; ENSO; CLIMATE AB Based on their opposite influences on rainfall in southern China during boreal fall, this paper classifies El Nino Modoki into two groups: El Nino Modoki I and II, which show different origins and patterns of SST anomalies. The warm SST anomalies originate in the equatorial central Pacific and subtropical northeastern Pacific for El Nino Modoki I and II, respectively. Thus, El Nino Modoki I shows a symmetric SST anomaly distribution about the equator with the maximum warming in the equatorial central Pacific, whereas El Nino Modoki II displays an asymmetric distribution with the warm SST anomalies extending from the northeastern Pacific to the equatorial central Pacific. Additionally, the warm SST anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific extend farther westward for El Nino Modoki II than for El Nino Modoki I. Similar to the canonical El Nino, El Nino Modoki I is associated with an anomalous anticyclone in the Philippine Sea that induces southwesterly wind anomalies along the south coast of China and carries the moisture for increasing rainfall in southern China. For El Nino Modoki II, an anomalous cyclone resides east of the Philippines, associated with northerly wind anomalies and a decrease in rainfall in southern China. The canonical El Nino and El Nino Modoki I are associated with a westward extension of the western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH), whereas El Nino Modoki II shifts the WNPSH eastward. Differing from canonical El Nino and El Nino Modoki I, El Nino Modoki II corresponds to northwesterly anomalies of the typhoon steering flow, which are unfavorable for typhoons to make landfall in China. C1 [Wang, Chunzai; Wang, Xin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wang, Xin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), NOAA, Phys Oceanog Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM xin.wang.aoml@noaa.gov RI Wang, Xin/B-4624-2012; Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML) FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and Dr. Greg Foltz for their comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office and the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 67 TC 54 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1322 EP 1338 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00107.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097IH UT WOS:000315466700013 ER PT J AU Schreck, CJ Shi, L Kossin, JP Bates, JJ AF Schreck, Carl J., III Shi, Lei Kossin, James P. Bates, John J. TI Identifying the MJO, Equatorial Waves, and Their Impacts Using 32 Years of HIRS Upper-Tropospheric Water Vapor SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL CONVECTION ANOMALIES; MOIST THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; EASTERN PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES AB The Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and convectively coupled equatorial waves are the dominant modes of synoptic-to-subseasonal variability in the tropics. These systems have frequently been examined with proxies for convection such as outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). However, upper-tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) gives a more complete picture of tropical circulations because it is more sensitive to the drying and warming associated with subsidence. Previous studies examined tropical variability using relatively short (3-7 yr) UTWV datasets. Intersatellite calibration of data from the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) has recently produced a homogeneous 32-yr climate data record of UTWV for 200-500 hPa. This study explores the utility of HIRS UTWV for identifying the MJO and equatorial waves. Spectral analysis shows that the MJO and equatorial waves stand out above the low-frequency background in UTWV, similar to previous findings with OLR. The fraction of variance associated with the MJO and equatorial Rossby waves is actually greater in UTWV than in OLR. Kelvin waves, on the other hand, are overshadowed in UTWV by horizontal advection from extratropical Rossby waves. For the MJO, UTWV identifies subsidence drying in the subtropics, poleward of the convection. These dry anomalies are associated with the MJO's subtropical Rossby gyres. MJO events with dry anomalies over the central North Pacific Ocean also amplify the 200-hPa flow pattern over North America 7 days later. These events cannot be identified using equatorial OLR alone, which demonstrates that UTWV is a useful supplement for identifying the MJO, equatorial waves. C1 [Schreck, Carl J., III] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites CICS NC, Asheville, NC USA. [Shi, Lei; Kossin, James P.; Bates, John J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Schreck, CJ (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM carl@cicsnc.org RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Schreck, Carl/B-8711-2011 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Schreck, Carl/0000-0001-9331-5754 FU NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS-NC) FX We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. This research benefited from discussions with Ken Knapp. We are also grateful to Darren Jackson for his assistance in obtaining, processing, and interpreting the UTWV data. Ethan Shepherd and Lisa Krolak provided additional support. Schreck received support for this research from NOAA's Climate Data Record (CDR) Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS-NC). NR 73 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 4 BP 1418 EP 1431 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00034.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 097IH UT WOS:000315466700019 ER PT J AU Higgins, RW Kousky, VE AF Higgins, R. W. Kousky, V. E. TI Changes in Observed Daily Precipitation over the United States between 1950-79 and 1980-2009 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; ENSO; VARIABILITY; STATISTICS; SYSTEM; TRENDS AB Changes in observed daily precipitation over the conterminous United States between two 30-yr periods (1950-79 and 1980-2009) are examined using a 60-yr daily precipitation analysis obtained from the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Unified Raingauge Database. Several simple measures are used to characterize the changes, including mean, frequency, intensity, and return period. Seasonality is accounted for by examining each measure for four nonoverlapping seasons. The possible role of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle as an explanation for differences between the two periods is also examined. There have been more light (1 mm <= P < 10 mm), moderate (10 mm <= P < 25 mm), and heavy (P >= 25 mm) daily precipitation events (P) in many regions of the country during the more recent 30-yr period with some of the largest and most spatially coherent increases over the Great Plains and lower Mississippi Valley during autumn and winter. Some regions, such as portions of the Southeast and the Pacific Northwest, have seen decreases, especially during the winter. Increases in multiday heavy precipitation events have been observed in the more recent period, especially over portions of the Great Plains, Great Lakes, and Northeast. These changes are associated with changes in the mean and frequency of daily precipitation during the more recent 30-yr period. Difference patterns are strongly related to the ENSO cycle and are consistent with the stronger El Nino events during the more recent 30-yr period. Return periods for both heavy and light daily precipitation events during 1950-79 are shorter during 1980-2009 at most locations, with some notable regional exceptions. C1 [Higgins, R. W.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kousky, V. E.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM wayne.higgins@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 14 IS 1 BP 105 EP 121 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-062.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095VT UT WOS:000315363800006 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Seo, DJ Kitzmiller, D Lee, H Kuligowski, RJ Kim, D Kondragunta, CR AF Zhang, Yu Seo, Dong-Jun Kitzmiller, David Lee, Haksu Kuligowski, Robert J. Kim, Dongsoo Kondragunta, Chandra R. TI Comparative Strengths of SCaMPR Satellite QPEs with and without TRMM Ingest versus Gridded Gauge-Only Analyses SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; RADAR RAINFALL DATA; MEAN-FIELD BIAS; PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS; TROPICAL RAINFALL; PRODUCTS; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM; VALIDATION; RESOLUTION AB This paper assesses the accuracy of satellite quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from two versions of the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) algorithm relative to that of gridded gauge-only QPEs. The second version of SCaMPR uses the QPEs from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar and Microwave Imager as predictands whereas the first version does not. The assessments were conducted for 22 catchments in Texas and Louisiana against National Weather Service operational multisensor QPE. Particular attention was given to the density below which SCaMPR QPEs outperform gauge-only QPEs and effects of TRMM ingest. Analyses indicate that SCaMPR QPEs can be competitive in terms of correlation and CSI against sparse gauge networks (with less than one gauge per 3200-12 000 km(2)) and over 1-3-h scale, but their relative strengths diminish with temporal aggregation. In addition, the major advantage of SCaMPR QPEs is its relatively low false alarm rates, whereas gauge-only QPEs exhibit better skill in detecting rainfall-though the detection skill of SCaMPR QPEs tends to improve at higher rainfall thresholds. Moreover, it was found that ingesting TRMM QPEs help mitigate the positive overall bias in SCaMPR QPEs, and improve the detection of moderate-heavy and particularly wintertime precipitation. Yet, it also tends to elevate the false alarm rate, and its impacts on detection rates can be slightly negative for summertime storms. The implications for adoption of TRMM and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) QPEs for NWS operations are discussed. C1 [Zhang, Yu; Seo, Dong-Jun; Kitzmiller, David; Lee, Haksu] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kim, Dongsoo] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Asheville, NC USA. [Kondragunta, Chandra R.] NOAA, Off Syst Dev, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252; FU NASA [NA17RJ1229] FX This project was carried in collaboration with NWS WGRFC. A number of individuals at NWS and NESDIS contributed to this project, and their efforts are graciously acknowledged here. Paul Tilles, Feng Ding, and Randy Brown (OHD) set up the machine and the MPE software. Yaping Li (NESDIS) worked on creating the SCaMPR datasets. Greg Shelton and Bob Corby (WGRFC) provided the multisensor QPE data set. Bob Huber at Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) provided additional gauge data. The work also benefited from discussion with Pingping Xie at NCEP/CPC and Greg Story, Greg Waller, and Greg Shelton at WGRFC. We also would like to thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions, which helped greatly improve the manuscript. This project was supported by NASA Grant NA17RJ1229. NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 14 IS 1 BP 153 EP 170 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-053.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095VT UT WOS:000315363800009 ER PT J AU Vila, D Hernandez, C Ferraro, R Semunegus, H AF Vila, Daniel Hernandez, Cecilia Ferraro, Ralph Semunegus, Hilawe TI The Performance of Hydrological Monthly Products Using SSM/I-SSMI/S Sensors SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE IMAGER SSM/I; SNOW COVER; RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION; RETRIEVAL AB Global monthly rainfall estimates and other hydrological products have been produced from 1987 to the present using measurements from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) series of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). The aim of this paper is twofold: to present the recent efforts to improve the quality control (QC) of historical antenna temperature of the SSM/I sensor (1987-2008) and how this improvement impacts the different hydrological products that are generated at NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS). Beginning in 2005, the DMSP Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMI/S) has been successfully operating on the F-16, F-17, and F-18 satellites. The second objective of this paper is focused on the application of SSMI/S channels to evaluate the performance of several hydrological products using the heritage of existing SSM/I algorithms and to develop an improved strategy to extend the SSM/I time series into the SSMI/S era, starting with data in 2009 for F-17. The continuity of hydrological products from SSM/I to SSMI/S has shown to be a valuable contribution for the precipitation and climate monitoring community but several sensor issues must be accounted for to meet this objective. C1 [Vila, Daniel] Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espacias, Ctr Previsdo Tempo & Estudos Climat, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. [Vila, Daniel; Hernandez, Cecilia; Ferraro, Ralph] Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD USA. [Ferraro, Ralph] NOAA NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Semunegus, Hilawe] NCDC NOAA, Asheville, NC USA. RP Vila, D (reprint author), Inst Nacl Pesquisas Espacias, Ctr Previsdo Tempo & Estudos Climat, Aut Pres Dutra KM 40, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil. EM daniel.vila@cptec.inpe.br RI Vila, Daniel/G-8379-2012; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Semunegus, Hilawe/C-5803-2017 OI Vila, Daniel/0000-0002-1015-5650; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Semunegus, Hilawe/0000-0002-0393-8323 FU CICS Grant; Brazilian National Research Council [476599/2010-5] FX The first author would like to acknowledge the CICS Grant to University of Maryland and the Brazilian National Research Council (Universal Grant 476599/2010-5) for supporting this research and all anonymous reviewers for the invaluable input for improving this manuscript. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 14 IS 1 BP 266 EP 274 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-056.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 095VT UT WOS:000315363800016 ER PT J AU Cossuth, JH Knabb, RD Brown, DP Hart, RE AF Cossuth, Joshua H. Knabb, Richard D. Brown, Daniel P. Hart, Robert E. TI Tropical Cyclone Formation Guidance Using Pregenesis Dvorak Climatology. Part I: Operational Forecasting and Predictive Potential SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; OBJECTIVE SCHEME; NORTH PACIFIC; INTENSITY; ATLANTIC; GENESIS AB While there are a variety of modes for tropical cyclone (TC) development, there have been relatively few efforts to systematically catalog both nondeveloping and developing cases. This paper introduces an operationally derived climatology of tropical disturbances that were analyzed using the Dvorak technique at the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center from 2001 to 2011. Using these Dvorak intensity estimates, the likelihood of genesis is calculated as a historical baseline for TC prediction. Despite the limited period of record, the climatology of Dvorak analyses of incipient tropical systems has a spatial distribution that compares well with previous climatologies. The North Atlantic basin shows substantial regional variability in Dvorak classification frequency. In contrast, tropical disturbances in the combined eastern and central North Pacific basins (which split at 125 degrees W into an eastern region and a central region) have a single broad frequency maximum and limited meridional extent. When applied to forecasting, several important features are discovered. Dvorak fixes are sometimes unavailable for disturbances that develop into TCs, especially at longer lead times. However, when probabilities of genesis are calculated by a Dvorak current intensity (CI) number, the likelihood stratifies well by basin and intensity. Tropical disturbances that are analyzed as being stronger (a higher Dvorak CI number) achieve genesis more often. Further, all else being equal, genesis rates are highest in the eastern Pacific, followed by the Atlantic. Out-of-sample verification of predictive skill shows comparable results to that of the NHC, with potential to inform forecasts and provide the first disturbance-centric baseline for tropical cyclogenesis potential. C1 [Cossuth, Joshua H.; Hart, Robert E.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Knabb, Richard D.; Brown, Daniel P.] NOAA NWS NHC, Miami, FL USA. RP Cossuth, JH (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 404 Love Bldg, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM jhc06@my.fsu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hollings Scholarship; American Meteorological Society (AMS) Graduate Fellowship; SAIC's Advanced Science and Engineering Operation; Florida State University (FSU) Presidential Fellowship FX We would like to first thank John Sullivan and Chris Lauer for providing TAFB data, Maureen Ballard for gathering the CPHC data, and Greg Gallina for assembling the electronic SAB data. Further guidance and comments from Jim Weyman, Mark Bourassa, Mark Powell, and Shawn Smith were very helpful during the research process. We greatly appreciate helpful feedback and reviews by John Cangialosi, James Franklin, Chris Landsea, Chris Velden, and one anonymous reviewer. Finally, the authors are extremely grateful for research support, which was started by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hollings Scholarship and extended by an American Meteorological Society (AMS) Graduate Fellowship (sponsored by SAIC's Advanced Science and Engineering Operation) and a Florida State University (FSU) Presidential Fellowship. NR 44 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 100 EP 118 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00073.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800005 ER PT J AU Stratman, DR Coniglio, MC Koch, SE Xue, M AF Stratman, Derek R. Coniglio, Michael C. Koch, Steven E. Xue, Ming TI Use of Multiple Verification Methods to Evaluate Forecasts of Convection from Hot- and Cold-Start Convection-Allowing Models SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID LEVEL-II DATA; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; CLOUD ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; FORT-WORTH; PREDICTION; SKILL; ASSIMILATION; FREQUENCY AB This study uses both traditional and newer verification methods to evaluate two 4-km grid-spacing Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) forecasts: a "cold start" forecast that uses the 12-km North American Mesoscale Model (NAM) analysis and forecast cycle to derive the initial and boundary conditions (C0) and a "hot start" forecast that adds radar data into the initial conditions using a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR)/cloud analysis technique (CN). These forecasts were evaluated as part of 2009 and 2010 NOAA Hazardous Weather Test Bed (HWT) Spring Forecasting Experiments. The Spring Forecasting Experiment participants noted that the skill of CN's explicit forecasts of convection estimated by some traditional objective metrics often seemed large compared to the subjectively determined skill. The Gilbert skill score (GSS) reveals CN scores higher than C0 at lower thresholds likely due to CN having higher-frequency biases than C0, but the difference is negligible at higher thresholds, where CN's and C0's frequency biases are similar. This suggests that if traditional skill scores are used to quantify convective forecasts, then higher (>35 dBZ) reflectivity thresholds should be used to be consistent with expert's subjective assessments of the lack of forecast skill for individual convective cells. The spatial verification methods show that both CN and CO generally have little to no skill at scales <8-12 Delta x starting at forecast hour 1, but CN has more skill at larger spatial scales (40-320 km) than C0 for the majority of the forecasting period. This indicates that the hot start provides little to no benefit for forecasts of convective cells, but that it has some benefit for larger mesoscale precipitation systems. C1 [Stratman, Derek R.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Coniglio, Michael C.; Koch, Steven E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Stratman, DR (reprint author), NSSL FRDD, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM stratman@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU NSSL; NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's Global Systems Division (GSD); NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma [NA08OAR4320904]; U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA); U.S. National Science Foundation; NOAA CSTAR grant FX This work was supported through NSSL and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's Global Systems Division (GSD) director's discretionary funds and through NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA08OAR4320904, U.S. Department of Commerce. Dr. Kim Elmore is thanked for his very helpful discussion of confidence intervals. Tara Jensen and everyone else associated with the use of MET at the DTC are thanked for their help in using MET. Drs. Jack Kain and Fred Carr are thanked for their insight into model verification. Model Evaluation Tools (MET) was developed at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) through a grant from the U.S. Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA). NCAR is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The CAPS forecasts were supported by the NOAA CSTAR grant to CAPS, and were produced at the National Institute of Computational Science (NICS) at the University of Tennessee, and at the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Research and Education (OSCER). Kevin Thomas and Fanyou Kong were instrumental in producing the forecasts. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 119 EP 138 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00022.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800006 ER PT J AU Bodine, DJ Kumjian, MR Palmer, RD Heinselman, PL Ryzhkov, AV AF Bodine, David J. Kumjian, Matthew R. Palmer, Robert D. Heinselman, Pamela L. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI Tornado Damage Estimation Using Polarimetric Radar SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; DOPPLER RADAR; THUNDERSTORMS; DEBRIS; MOBILE; STORMS; TEXAS; BAND AB This study investigates the use of tornadic debris signature (TDS) parameters to estimate tornado damage severity using Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), polarimetric radar data (polarimetric version of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler radar). Several TDS parameters are examined, including parameters based on the 10th or 90th percentiles of polarimetric variables (lowest tilt TDS parameters) and TDS parameters based on the TDS volumetric coverage (spatial TDS parameters). Two highly detailed National Weather Service (NWS) damage surveys are compared to TDS parameters. The TDS parameters tend to be correlated with the enhanced Fujita scale (EF) rating. The 90th percentile reflectivity, TDS height, and TDS volume increase during tornado intensification and decrease during tornado dissipation. For 14 tornado cases, the maximum or minimum TDS parameter values are compared to the tornado's EF rating. For tornadoes with a higher EF rating, higher maximum values of the 90th percentile Z(HH), TDS height, and volume, as well as lower minimum values of 10th percentile rho(HV) and Z(DR), are observed. Maxima in spatial TDS parameters are observed after periods of severe, widespread tornado damage for violent tornadoes. This paper discusses how forecasters could use TDS parameters to obtain near-real-time information about tornado damage severity and spatial extent. C1 [Bodine, David J.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Bodine, David J.; Kumjian, Matthew R.; Palmer, Robert D.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Kumjian, Matthew R.; Heinselman, Pamela L.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Ryzhkov, Alexander V.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Bodine, DJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Ste 5900,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM bodine@ou.edu RI Bodine, David/B-5023-2014 NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 139 EP 158 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00158.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800007 ER PT J AU Newman, JF Lakshmanan, V Heinselman, PL Richman, MB Smith, TM AF Newman, Jennifer F. Lakshmanan, Valliappa Heinselman, Pamela L. Richman, Michael B. Smith, Travis M. TI Range-Correcting Azimuthal Shear in Doppler Radar Data SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TORNADO DETECTION; SPECTRAL SIGNATURES; DETECTION ALGORITHM; WSR-88D; STORMS; MESOCYCLONES AB The current tornado detection algorithm (TDA) used by the National Weather Service produces a large number of false detections, primarily because it calculates azimuthal shear in a manner that is adversely impacted by noisy velocity data and range-degraded velocity signatures. Coincident with the advent of new radar-derived products and ongoing research involving new weather radar systems, the National Severe Storms Laboratory is developing an improved TDA. A primary component of this algorithm is the local, linear least squares derivatives (LLSD) azimuthal shear field. The LLSD method incorporates rotational derivatives of the velocity field and is affected less strongly by noisy velocity data in comparison with traditional "peak to peak" azimuthal shear calculations. LLSD shear is generally less range dependent than peak-to-peak shear, although some range dependency is unavoidable. The relationship between range and the LLSD shear values of simulated circulations was examined to develop a range correction for LLSD shear. A linear regression and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were investigated as range-correction models. Both methods were used to produce fits for the simulated shear data, although the ANN excelled as it could capture the nonlinear nature of the data. The range-correction methods were applied to real radar data from tornadic and nontornadic events to measure the capacity of the corrected shear to discriminate between tornadic and nontornadic circulations. The findings presented herein suggest that both methods increased shear values during tornadic periods by nearly an order of magnitude, facilitating differentiation between tornadic and nontornadic scans in tornadic events. C1 [Newman, Jennifer F.; Richman, Michael B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Richman, Michael B.; Smith, Travis M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Heinselman, Pamela L.; Smith, Travis M.] NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Newman, JF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jennifer.newman@ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding for the authors was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. The authors thank Bim Wood and Rodger Brown for their assistance with the Rankine vortex simulation and Alan Shapiro and Madison Miller for their valuable input. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 22 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 194 EP 211 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-11-00154.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800010 ER PT J AU Smith, BT Castellanos, TE Winters, AC Mead, CM Dean, AR Thompson, RL AF Smith, Bryan T. Castellanos, Tomas E. Winters, Andrew C. Mead, Corey M. Dean, Andrew R. Thompson, Richard L. TI Measured Severe Convective Wind Climatology and Associated Convective Modes of Thunderstorms in the Contiguous United States, 2003-09 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PART I; PROBABILITY; DERECHOS AB A severe thunderstorm wind gust climatology spanning 2003-09 for the contiguous United States is developed using measured Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) and Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) wind gusts. Archived severe report information from the National Climatic Data Center publication Storm Data and single-site volumetric radar data are used to identify severe wind gust observations [>= 50 kt (25.7 m s(-1))] associated with thunderstorms and to classify the convective mode of the storms. The measured severe wind gust distribution, comprising only 2% of all severe gusts, is examined with respect to radar-based convective modes. The convective mode scheme presented herein focuses on three primary radar-based storm categories: supercell, quasi-linear convective systems (QLCSs), and disorganized. Measured severe gust frequency revealed distinct spatial patterns, where the high plains received the greatest number of gusts and occurred most often in the late spring and summer months. Severe wind gusts produced by supercells were most frequent over the plains, while those from QLCS gusts were most frequent in the plains and Midwest. Meanwhile, disorganized storms produced most of their severe gusts in the plains and Intermountain West. A reverse spatial distribution signal exists in the location between the maximum measured severe wind gust corridor located over the high plains and the maximum in all severe thunderstorm wind reports from Storm Data, located near and west of the southern Appalachians. C1 [Smith, Bryan T.; Mead, Corey M.; Dean, Andrew R.; Thompson, Richard L.] NOAA NWS NCEP Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Castellanos, Tomas E.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Winters, Andrew C.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Smith, BT (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP Storm Predict Ctr, Ste 2300,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM bryan.smith@noaa.gov RI Winters, Andrew/A-5035-2015 FU NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship program; National Science Foundation Grant via the National Weather Center Research Experience for Undergraduates program [AGS-0648566] FX This study benefited from several discussions with Dr. Harold Brooks, Steven Weiss, and David Imy. The authors thank Dr. Matthew Bunkers and one anonymous reviewer. Dr. Israel Jirak, Steven Weiss, and Dr. Michael Coniglio provided an initial review. T. Castellanos was supported by the NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship program and A. Winters was funded by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-0648566 via the National Weather Center Research Experience for Undergraduates program. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00096.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800012 ER PT J AU Sampson, CR Wittmann, PA Serra, EA Tolman, HL Schauer, J Marchok, T AF Sampson, Charles R. Wittmann, Paul A. Serra, Efren A. Tolman, Hendrik L. Schauer, Jessica Marchok, Timothy TI Evaluation of Wave Forecasts Consistent with Tropical Cyclone Warning Center Wind Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED-FETCH WAVES; HURRICANE SEASON; MODELS; SYSTEM; NCEP; PERFORMANCE; CURRENTS; OCEAN; NAVY AB An algorithm to generate wave fields consistent with forecasts from the official U.S. tropical cyclone forecast centers has been made available in near real time to forecasters since summer 2007. The algorithm removes the tropical cyclone from numerical weather prediction model surface wind field forecasts, replaces the removed winds with interpolated values from surrounding grid points, and then adds a surface wind field generated from the official forecast into the background. The modified wind fields are then used as input into the WAVEWATCH III model to provide seas consistent with the official tropical cyclone forecasts. Although this product is appealing to forecasters because of its consistency and its superior tropical cyclone track forecast, there has been only anecdotal evaluation of resulting wave fields to date. This study evaluates this new algorithm for two years' worth of Atlantic tropical cyclones and compares results with those of WAVEWATCH III run with U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) surface winds alone. Results show that the new algorithm has generally improved forecasts of maximum significant wave heights and 12-ft seas' radii in proximity to tropical cyclones when compared with forecasts produced using only the NO GAPS surface winds. C1 [Sampson, Charles R.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Wittmann, Paul A.] Fleet Numer Meteorol & Oceanog Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Serra, Efren A.] DeVine Consulting, Monterey, CA USA. [Tolman, Hendrik L.] NOAA NCEP Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Schauer, Jessica] Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Marchok, Timothy] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sampson, CR (reprint author), NRL, 7 Grace Hopper Ave,Stop 2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM sampson@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge the staffs at NHC, JTWC, and the ship routers at the Naval Maritime Forecast Centers for suggestions, evaluations, and moral support. Special thanks are extended to Chris Landsea for his careful reading of this manuscript and for his efforts within the JHT. Thanks to Chris Sisko, Chris Lauer, Hugh Cobb, Scott Stripling, and the rest of the TAFB unit at NHC for technical expertise and feedback. Thanks are extended to John Cook, Jim Hansen, Ted Tsui, and Simon Chang for their efforts to get operationally oriented projects like this funded. Thanks to Mike Fiorino, Chuck Skupniewicz, Ann Schrader, Mike Frost, and Glenn Nelson for their contributions. The manuscript is funded by the Office of Naval Research, and the support and advocacy of Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command, is greatly appreciated. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 28 IS 1 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00060.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 098HT UT WOS:000315540800016 ER PT J AU Allison, PG Chandler, MQ Rodriguez, RI Williams, BA Moser, RD Weiss, CA Poda, AR Lafferty, BJ Kennedy, AJ Seiter, JM Hodo, WD Cook, RF AF Allison, P. G. Chandler, M. Q. Rodriguez, R. I. Williams, B. A. Moser, R. D. Weiss, C. A., Jr. Poda, A. R. Lafferty, B. J. Kennedy, A. J. Seiter, J. M. Hodo, W. D. Cook, R. F. TI Mechanical properties and structure of the biological multilayered material system, Atractosteus spatula scales SO ACTA BIOMATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Atractosteus spatula; Scale; Indentation; Structure; Mechanical properties ID DESIGN; NACRE; LEPISOSTEUS; FRACTURE; MOTHER; PEARL; ARMOR AB During recent decades, research on biological systems such as abalone shell and fish armor has revealed that these biological systems employ carefully arranged hierarchical multilayered structures to achieve properties of high strength, high ductility and light weight. Knowledge of such structures may enable pathways to design bio-inspired materials for various applications. This study was conducted to investigate the spatial distribution of structure, chemical composition and mechanical properties in mineralized fish scales of the species Atractosteus spatula. Microindentation tests were conducted, and cracking patterns and damage sites in the scales were examined to investigate the underlying protective mechanisms of fish scales under impact and penetration loads. A difference in nanomechanical properties was observed, with a thinner, stiffer and harder outer layer (indentation modulus similar to 69 GPa and hardness similar to 3.3 GPa) on a more compliant and thicker inner layer (indentation modulus similar to 14.3 GPa and hardness similar to 0.5 GPa). High-resolution scanning electron microscopy imaging of a fracture surface revealed that the outer layer contained oriented nanorods embedded in a matrix, and that the nanostructure of the inner layer contained fiber-like structures organized in a complex layered pattern. Damage patterns formed during microindentation show complex deformation mechanisms. Images of cracks identify growth through the outer layer, then deflection along the interface before growing and arresting in the inner layer. High-magnification images of the crack tip in the inner layer show void-linking and fiber-bridging exhibiting inelastic behavior. The observed difference in mechanical properties and unique nanostructures of different layers may have contributed to the resistance of fish scales to failure by impact and penetration loading. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Allison, P. G.; Chandler, M. Q.; Williams, B. A.; Moser, R. D.; Weiss, C. A., Jr.; Hodo, W. D.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Rodriguez, R. I.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Mech Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Poda, A. R.; Lafferty, B. J.; Kennedy, A. J.; Seiter, J. M.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Environm Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Cook, R. F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allison, PG (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Geotech & Struct Lab, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. EM Paul.G.Allison@usace.army.mil RI Poda, Aimee/K-1905-2012; OI Allison, Paul/0000-0002-9041-237X FU US Army ERDC Military Engineering 6.1 Basic Research Program; ERDC Center for Directed Research Program FX The authors acknowledge the financial support for this work provided by the US Army ERDC Military Engineering 6.1 Basic Research Program and the ERDC Center for Directed Research Program. Discussions about this research with Drs. Mark Horstemeyer (MSU), Hongjoo Rhee (MSU), Christine Ortiz (MIT), Mark Myers (UCSD) and many others are gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank the staff and facilities of the ERDC Geotechnical and Structural Laboratory's Concrete and Materials Branch for supporting the experimental work. Permission to publish was granted by the Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. NR 25 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 62 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7061 EI 1878-7568 J9 ACTA BIOMATER JI Acta Biomater. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 5289 EP 5296 DI 10.1016/j.actbio.2012.11.005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 093DB UT WOS:000315170800037 PM 23149253 ER PT J AU Bao, W Li, GN Huang, QZ Chen, GF He, JB Wang, DM Green, MA Qiu, YM Luo, JL Wu, MM AF Bao Wei Li Guan-Nan Huang Qing-Zhen Chen Gen-Fu He Jun-Bao Wang Du-Ming Green, M. A. Qiu Yi-Ming Luo Jian-Lin Wu Mei-Mei TI Superconductivity Tuned by the Iron Vacancy Order in KxFe2-ySe2 SO CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Combining in-depth neutron diffraction and systematic bulk studies, we discover that the root 5 x root 5 Fe vacancy order, with its associated block antiferromagnetic order, is the ground state with varying occupancy ratios of the iron 16i and vacancy 4d sites across the phase-diagram of KxFe2-ySe2. The orthorhombic order, with one of the four Fe sites vacant, appears only at intermediate temperatures as a competing phase. The material experiences an insulator to metal crossover when the root 5 x root 5 order is highly developed. Superconductivity occurs in such a metallic phase. C1 [Bao Wei; Chen Gen-Fu; He Jun-Bao; Wang Du-Ming] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Li Guan-Nan; Huang Qing-Zhen; Green, M. A.; Qiu Yi-Ming] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li Guan-Nan; Luo Jian-Lin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Green, M. A.; Qiu Yi-Ming] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wu Mei-Mei] China Inst Atom Energy, Neutron Scattering Lab, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. EM wbao@ruc.edu.cn RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X FU National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB921700, 2011CBA00112, 2011CBA00103, 2009CB929104]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11034012, 11190024, 10974175, 10934005] FX Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2012CB921700, 2011CBA00112, 2011CBA00103 and 2009CB929104, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11034012, 11190024, 10974175 and 10934005. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 57 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0256-307X J9 CHINESE PHYS LETT JI Chin. Phys. Lett. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 30 IS 2 AR 027402 DI 10.1088/0256-307X/30/2/027402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 093UC UT WOS:000315217000049 ER PT J AU Anderson, JH Faulds, PL Atlas, WI Quinn, TP AF Anderson, Joseph H. Faulds, Paul L. Atlas, William I. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Reproductive success of captively bred and naturally spawned Chinook salmon colonizing newly accessible habitat SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE conservation; dams; hatchery; natural selection; pedigree; reintroduction; sexual selection ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; BODY-SIZE; PACIFIC SALMON; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; BREEDING COMPETITION; PARENTAGE ASSIGNMENT; GENETIC ADAPTATION; RELATIVE FITNESS AB Captively reared animals can provide an immediate demographic boost in reintroduction programs, but may also reduce the fitness of colonizing populations. Construction of a fish passage facility at Landsburg Diversion Dam on the Cedar River, WA, USA, provided a unique opportunity to explore this trade-off. We thoroughly sampled adult Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the onset of colonization (20032009), constructed a pedigree from genotypes at 10 microsatellite loci, and calculated reproductive success (RS) as the total number of returning adult offspring. Hatchery males were consistently but not significantly less productive than naturally spawned males (range in relative RS: 0.700.90), but the pattern for females varied between years. The sex ratio was heavily biased toward males; therefore, inclusion of the hatchery males increased the risk of a genetic fitness cost with little demographic benefit. Measurements of natural selection indicated that larger salmon had higher RS than smaller fish. Fish that arrived early to the spawning grounds tended to be more productive than later fish, although in some years, RS was maximized at intermediate dates. Our results underscore the importance of natural and sexual selection in promoting adaptation during reintroductions. C1 [Anderson, Joseph H.; Atlas, William I.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Faulds, Paul L.] Seattle Publ Util, Seattle, WA USA. RP Anderson, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM joe.anderson@noaa.gov FU University of Washington [NA04OA-R4170032, NA07OAR4170007, R/F-148, R/F-15] FX We thank John McDowell for sampling, and David Chapin, Dwayne Paige, Heidy Barnett, Karl Burton, Rand Little and Bruce Bachen for their ongoing support of recolonization research on the Cedar River. Melissa Baird and Lyndsay Newton provided assistance in the laboratory. This work was funded in part by a grant from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA04OA-R4170032 and NA07OAR4170007, Project No. R/F-148 and R/F-159. Additional funding was provided by Seattle Public Utilities and the H Mason Keeler Endowment. Kerry Naish, Todd Seamons, Julian Olden, Peter Kiffney, John Marzluff, and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful suggestions on earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 81 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 6 U2 78 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 6 IS 2 BP 165 EP 179 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2012.00271.x PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 093IJ UT WOS:000315184800002 PM 23467446 ER PT J AU Carracedo, A Butler, JM Gusmao, L Linacre, A Parson, W Roewer, L Schneider, PM AF Carracedo, Angel Butler, John M. Gusmao, Leonor Linacre, Adrian Parson, Walther Roewer, Lutz Schneider, Peter M. TI New guidelines for the publication of genetic population data SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FORENSIC GENETICS; POLYMORPHISMS C1 [Carracedo, Angel] Univ Santiago Compostela, Inst Forens Sci, Genom Med Grp, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Butler, John M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gusmao, Leonor] Univ Porto, Inst Pathol & Mol Immunol, Oporto, Portugal. [Gusmao, Leonor] Univ State Rio de Janeiro UERJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Linacre, Adrian] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Parson, Walther] Med Univ Innsbruck, Inst Legal Med, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Parson, Walther] Penn State Eberly Coll Sci, University Pk, PA USA. [Roewer, Lutz] Charite, Inst Legal Med & Forens Sci, Berlin, Germany. [Schneider, Peter M.] Univ Cologne, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, Cologne, Germany. RP Carracedo, A (reprint author), Univ Santiago Compostela, Inst Forens Sci, Genom Med Grp, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. EM angel.carracedo@usc.es RI Gusmao, Leonor/B-3122-2013; OI Gusmao, Leonor/0000-0003-0432-6481; Parson, Walther/0000-0002-5692-2392; Carracedo, Angel/0000-0003-1085-8986; Linacre, Adrian/0000-0001-5890-5548 NR 8 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.01.001 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 094YQ UT WOS:000315302000009 PM 23375886 ER PT J AU Vellinga, OS Dobosy, RJ Dumas, EJ Gioli, B Elbers, JA Hutjes, RWA AF Vellinga, Olaf S. Dobosy, Ronald J. Dumas, Edward J. Gioli, Beniamino Elbers, Jan A. Hutjes, Ronald W. A. TI Calibration and Quality Assurance of Flux Observations from a Small Research Aircraft SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; LIFT-INDUCED UPWASH; CARBON-DIOXIDE; WIND-TUNNEL; CO2 FLUXES; AIRBORNE; TURBULENCE; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; LANDSCAPE AB Small environmental research aircraft (ERA) are becoming more common for detailed studies of air-surface interactions. The Sky Arrow 650 ERA, used by multiple groups, is designed to minimize the complexity of high-precision airborne turbulent wind measurement. Its relative wind probe, of a nine-port design, is furthermore used with several other airplanes. This paper gives an overview of 1) calibration of the model that converts the probe's raw measurements to meteorological quantities; 2) quality control and assurance (QC-QA) in postprocessing of these quantities to compute fluxes; and 3) sensitivity of fluxes to errors in calibration parameters. The model, an adapted version of standard models of potential flow and aerodynamic upwash, is calibrated using an integrated method to derive a globally optimum set of parameters from in-flight maneuvers. Methods of QC-QA from the tower flux community are adopted for use with airborne flux data to provide more objective selection criteria for large datasets. Last, measurements taken from a standard operational flight are used to show fluxes to be most sensitive to calibration parameters that directly affect the vertical wind component. In another test with the same data, varying all calibration parameters simultaneously by +/- 10% of their optimum values, the model computes a response in the fluxes smaller than 10%, though a larger response may occur if only a subset of parameters is perturbed. A MATLAB toolbox has been developed that facilitates the procedures presented here. C1 [Vellinga, Olaf S.; Hutjes, Ronald W. A.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Earth Syst Sci Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Dobosy, Ronald J.; Dumas, Edward J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Gioli, Beniamino] CNR, Inst Biometeorol, Florence, Italy. [Elbers, Jan A.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Vellinga, OS (reprint author), Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Earth Syst Sci Grp, POB 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. EM olaf.vellinga@wur.nl RI Elbers, Jan/D-9477-2013; Gioli, Beniamino/A-1251-2009; Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016; Dumas, Edward/C-6669-2016 OI Elbers, Jan/0000-0002-0631-3505; Gioli, Beniamino/0000-0001-7631-2623; Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774; Dumas, Edward/0000-0002-9154-9052 FU Dutch national research program "Climate Changes Spatial Planning''; Strategic Knowledge Development Program of Wageningen UR on Climate Change (Kennisbasis thema Klimaatverandering); Dutch ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation; Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO) FX This study was jointly supported by the Dutch national research program "Climate Changes Spatial Planning'' (www.climatechangesspatialplanning.nl) and by the Strategic Knowledge Development Program of Wageningen UR on Climate Change (Kennisbasis thema Klimaatverandering), funded by the Dutch ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation. We thank Martin Blokland of the Aero Company Vliegschool Teuge BV (ACVT, the Netherlands) for carefully performing the flight maneuvers. Many thanks go to Franco Miglietta at IBIMET-CNR for providing a training opportunity at his institute, which was funded by the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO). Last but not least, many thanks go to Bert Holtslag and Pavel Kabat at the Wageningen University and the reviewers for helping to improve the manuscript. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 30 IS 2 BP 161 EP 181 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00138.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 093NB UT WOS:000315197500001 ER PT J AU Dobosy, R Dumas, EJ Senn, DL Baker, B Sayres, DS Witinski, MF Healy, C Munster, J Anderson, JG AF Dobosy, Ronald Dumas, Edward J. Senn, David L. Baker, Bruce Sayres, David S. Witinski, Mark F. Healy, Claire Munster, Jason Anderson, James G. TI Calibration and Quality Assurance of an Airborne Turbulence Probe in an Aeronautical Wind Tunnel SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFT-INDUCED UPWASH; AIRCRAFT; FLUXES; PLATFORM; SURFACE; SYSTEM; LANDSCAPE; EXCHANGE; REGIONS; TOWER AB The Best Aircraft Turbulence (BAT) probe is used by multiple research groups worldwide. To promote an accurate interpretation of the data obtained from the probe's unusual nine-port design, a detailed understanding of the BAT probe's function along with a characterization and minimization of its systematic anomalies is necessary. This paper describes recent tests to enhance understanding of the probe's behavior. The tests completed in the Wright Brothers Wind Tunnel at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) built on earlier findings at Purdue University. Overall the true-vertical wind relative to the probe was found to have a systematic anomaly of about 10%-15%, an acceptable value borne out by considerable field experience and further reducible by modeling and removing. However, significant departure from theoretical behavior was found, making detailed generalization to other BAT probes still inadvisable. Based on these discoveries, recommendations are made for further experiments to explain the anomalous behavior, reduce the systematic anomaly, and generalize the characterizations. C1 [Dobosy, Ronald; Dumas, Edward J.; Senn, David L.; Baker, Bruce] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Dobosy, Ronald; Dumas, Edward J.; Senn, David L.] Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sayres, David S.; Witinski, Mark F.; Anderson, James G.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Healy, Claire; Munster, Jason] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Dobosy, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. EM ron.dobosy@noaa.gov RI Dobosy, Ronald/C-3303-2016; Dumas, Edward/C-6669-2016 OI Dobosy, Ronald/0000-0001-8399-8774; Dumas, Edward/0000-0002-9154-9052 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 30 IS 2 BP 182 EP 196 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-11-00206.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 093NB UT WOS:000315197500002 ER PT J AU Torres, SM Curtis, CD AF Torres, Sebastian M. Curtis, Christopher D. TI The Importance of Accurately Measuring the Range Correlation for Range-Oversampling Processing SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHASED-ARRAY RADAR; SPECTRAL MOMENT; WEATHER RADAR; SIGNALS AB A fundamental assumption for the application of range-oversampling techniques is that the correlation of oversampled signals in range is accurately known. In this paper, a theoretical framework is derived to quantify the effects of inaccurate range correlation measurements on the performance of such techniques, which include digital matched filtering and those based on decorrelation (whitening) transformations. It is demonstrated that significant reflectivity biases and increased variance of estimates can occur if the range correlation is not accurately measured. Simulations and real data are used to validate the theoretical results and to illustrate the detrimental effects of mismeasurements. Results from this work underline the need for reliable calibration in the context of range-oversampling processing, and they can be used to establish appropriate accuracy requirements for the measurement of the range correlation on modern weather radars. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Torres, SM (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM sebastian.torres@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX The authors thank Dusan Zrnic, Igor Ivic, and three anonymous reviewers for providing comments to improve the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 30 IS 2 BP 261 EP 273 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00085.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 093NB UT WOS:000315197500007 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R Grodsky, SA Centurioni, L Rio, MH Carton, JA Lee, D AF Lumpkin, Rick Grodsky, Semyon A. Centurioni, Luca Rio, Marie-Helene Carton, James A. Lee, Dongkyu TI Removing Spurious Low-Frequency Variability in Drifter Velocities SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNDROGUED DRIFTERS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WIND; ALTIMETER; CURRENTS AB Satellite-tracked drifting buoys of the Global Drifter Program have drogues, centered at 15-m depth, to minimize direct wind forcing and Stokes drift. Drogue presence has historically been determined from submergence or tether strain records. However, recent studies have revealed that a significant fraction of drifters believed to be drogued have actually lost their drogues, a problem that peaked in the mid-2000s before the majority of drifters in the global array switched from submergence to tether strain sensors. In this study, a methodology is applied to the data to automatically reanalyze drogue presence based on anomalous downwind ageostrophic motion. Results indicate that the downwind slip of undrogued drifters is approximately 50% higher than previously believed. The reanalyzed results no longer exhibit the dramatic and spurious interannual variations seen in the original data. These results, along with information from submergence/tether strain and transmission frequency variations, are now being used to conduct a systematic manual reevaluation of drogue presence for each drifter in the post-1992 dataset. C1 [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Grodsky, Semyon A.; Carton, James A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Centurioni, Luca] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Rio, Marie-Helene] CLS, Space Oceanog Div, Toulouse, France. [Lee, Dongkyu] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Pusan, South Korea. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; carton, james/C-4807-2009; Grodsky, Semyon/F-4929-2010 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198; Grodsky, Semyon/0000-0002-0670-1356 FU NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Change Data and Detection Program; NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their valuable input. This research was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office's Climate Change Data and Detection Program. RL was additionally supported by NOAA's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 16 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 30 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 30 IS 2 BP 353 EP 360 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00139.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 093NB UT WOS:000315197500015 ER PT J AU Jacobsen, RL Johnson, RD Irikura, KK Kacker, RN AF Jacobsen, Ruth L. Johnson, Russell D., III Irikura, Karl K. Kacker, Raghu N. TI Anharmonic Vibrational Frequency Calculations Are Not Worthwhile for Small Basis Sets SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CONSISTENT BASIS-SETS; SCALING FACTORS; LARGE MOLECULES; HARTREE-FOCK; FORCE-FIELD; ENERGIES; APPROXIMATION; UNCERTAINTIES; MP2 AB Anharmonic calculations using vibrational perturbation theory are known to provide near-spectroscopic accuracy when combined with high-level ab initio potential energy functions. However, performance with economical, popular electronic structure methods is less well characterized. We compare the accuracy of harmonic and anharmonic predictions from Hartree-Fock, second-order perturbation, and density functional theories combined with 6-31G(d) and 6-31+G(d,p) basis sets. As expected, anharmonic frequencies are closer than harmonic frequencies to experimental fundamentals. However, common practice is to correct harmonic predictions using multiplicative scaling. The surprising conclusion is that scaled anharmonic calculations are no more accurate than scaled harmonic calculations for the basis sets we used. The data used are from the Computational Chemistry Comparison and Benchmark Database (CCCBDB), maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which includes more than 3939 independent vibrations for 358 molecules. C1 [Jacobsen, Ruth L.; Johnson, Russell D., III; Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Chem & Biochem Reference Data Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacobsen, RL (reprint author), Marshall High Sch, 7731 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA. EM jacobsenruth146@gmail.com RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 FU NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship FX R.L.J. was supported by a NIST-ARRA Senior Fellowship during this work. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1549-9618 J9 J CHEM THEORY COMPUT JI J. Chem. Theory Comput. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 9 IS 2 BP 951 EP 954 DI 10.1021/ct300293a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 090ZK UT WOS:000315018300012 PM 26588738 ER PT J AU Kelble, CR AF Kelble, Christopher R. TI Low Salinity Predation Refugia Could Cause HAB Initiation SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO; RAPHIDOPHYCEAE BLOOM; BAY; IMPACTS; EUTROPHICATION; PHYTOPLANKTON; SURVIVAL; SALMON C1 NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kelble, CR (reprint author), NOAA, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chris.kelble@noaa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 49 IS 1 BP 18 EP 19 DI 10.1111/jpy.12015 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 089QM UT WOS:000314925100002 PM 27008384 ER PT J AU Brubaker, MD Blanchard, PT Schlager, JB Sanders, AW Roshko, A Duff, SM Gray, JM Bright, VM Sanford, NA Bertness, KA AF Brubaker, Matt D. Blanchard, Paul T. Schlager, John B. Sanders, Aric W. Roshko, Alexana Duff, Shannon M. Gray, Jason M. Bright, Victor M. Sanford, Norman A. Bertness, Kris A. TI On-Chip Optical Interconnects Made with Gallium Nitride Nanowires SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Gallium nitride; light-emitting diodes; nanowires; photoconductivity; optical interconnects ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES AB In this Letter we report on the fabrication, device characteristics, and optical coupling of a two-nanowire device comprising GaN nanowires with light-emitting and photoconductive capabilities. Axial p-n junction GaN nanowires were grown by molecular beam epitaxy, transferred to a non-native substrate, and selectively contacted to form discrete optical source or detector nanowire components. The optical coupling demonstrated for this device may provide new opportunities for integration of optical interconnects between on-chip electrical subsystems. C1 [Brubaker, Matt D.; Blanchard, Paul T.; Schlager, John B.; Sanders, Aric W.; Roshko, Alexana; Duff, Shannon M.; Sanford, Norman A.; Bertness, Kris A.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brubaker, Matt D.; Gray, Jason M.; Bright, Victor M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brubaker, MD (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.brubaker@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT); DARPA N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals program by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR) [N66001-10-1-4007] FX Financial support for this research was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Partial support was provided by the DARPA Center on Nanoscale Science and Technology for Integrated Micro/Nano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) and the DARPA N/MEMS S&T Fundamentals program under grant no. N66001-10-1-4007 issued by the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SPAWAR). NR 25 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 66 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 13 IS 2 BP 374 EP 377 DI 10.1021/nl303510h PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 091WC UT WOS:000315079500008 PM 23324057 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Churnside, JH Marchbanks, RD Donaghay, PL Sullivan, JM AF Lee, Jennifer H. Churnside, James H. Marchbanks, Richard D. Donaghay, Percy L. Sullivan, James M. TI Oceanographic lidar profiles compared with estimates from in situ optical measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SUBSURFACE OCEANIC LAYER; AIRBORNE LIDAR; SCATTERING LAYERS; BATHYMETRIC LIDAR; MONTE-CARLO; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CIRRUS CLOUDS; THIN-LAYERS; ABSORPTION; WATERS AB Oceanographic lidar profiles measured in an aerial survey were compared with in situ measurements of water optical properties made from a surface vessel. Experimental data were collected over a two-week period in May 2010 in East Sound, Washington. Measured absorption and backscatter coefficients were used with the volume-scattering function in a quasi-single-scattering model to simulate an idealized lidar return, and this was convolved with the measured instrument response to accurately reproduce the measured temporal behavior. Linear depth-dependent depolarization from the water column and localized depolarization from scattering layers are varied to fine tune the simulated lidar return. Sixty in situ measurements of optical properties were correlated with nearly collocated and coincident lidar profiles; our model yielded good matches (+/- 3 dB to a depth of 12 m) between simulated and measured lidar profiles for both uniform and stratified waters. Measured attenuation was slightly higher (5%) than diffuse attenuation for the copolarized channel and slightly lower (8%) for the cross-polarized channel. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Lee, Jennifer H.; Churnside, James H.; Marchbanks, Richard D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Donaghay, Percy L.; Sullivan, James M.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sullivan, James M.] WET Labs Inc, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Marchbanks, Richard/I-4410-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Office of Naval Research Optics and Biology Program [N0001410IP20035, N0001409IP20039, N000140811217]; National Research Council Research Associate Award at NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory FX This research was performed while Jennifer H. Lee held a National Research Council Research Associate Award at NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory. This work was partially supported by the Office of Naval Research Optics and Biology Program under Award Nos. N0001410IP20035 and N0001409IP20039 (Churnside) and N000140811217 (Donaghay). NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 52 IS 4 BP 786 EP 794 DI 10.1364/AO.52.000786 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 086LH UT WOS:000314684600045 PM 23385921 ER PT J AU Orski, SV Kundu, S Gross, R Beers, KL AF Orski, Sara V. Kundu, Santanu Gross, Richard Beers, Kathryn L. TI Design and Implementation of Two-Dimensional Polymer Adsorption Models: Evaluating the Stability of Candida antarctica Lipase B/Solid-Support Interfaces by QCM-D SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; PHOTOCHEMICAL ATTACHMENT; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; FILMS; TEMPERATURE; SURFACES; POLYMERIZATIONS; MONOLAYERS; CATALYSTS; BEHAVIOR AB A two-dimensional model of a solid-supported enzyme catalyst bead is fabricated on a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) sensor to measure in situ interfacial stability and mechanical properties of Candida antarctica Lipase B (CAL B) under varied conditions relating to ring-opening polymerization. The model was fabricated using a dual photochemical approach, where poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin films were cross-linked by a photoactive benzophenone monolayer and blended cross-linking agent. This process produces two-dimensional, homogeneous, rigid PMMA layers, which mimic commercial acrylic resins in a QCM-D experiment. Adsorption of CAL B to PMMA in QCM-D under varied buffer ionic strengths produces a viscoelastic enzyme surface that becomes more rigid as ionic strength increases. The rigid CAL B/PMMA interface demonstrates up to 20% desorption of enzyme with increasing trace water content. Increased polycaprolactone (PCL) binding at the enzyme surface was also observed, indicating greater PCL affinity for a more hydrated enzyme surface. The enzyme layer destabilized with increasing temperature, yielding near complete reversible catalyst desorption in the model. C1 [Orski, Sara V.; Kundu, Santanu; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gross, Richard] NYU, Polytech Inst, Ctr Biocatalysis & Bioproc, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RP Gross, R (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Inst, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. RI Kundu, Santanu/B-6842-2008 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Christopher M. Stafford, Dongbo Wang, and Biolin Scientific for their assistance and advice on the PFQNM AFM and QCM-D. S. Orski wishes to acknowledge postdoctoral research support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD FEB PY 2013 VL 14 IS 2 BP 377 EP 386 DI 10.1021/bm301557y PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 089KD UT WOS:000314908500011 PM 23286367 ER PT J AU Emmerich, SJ Heinzerling, D Choi, JI Persily, AK AF Emmerich, Steven J. Heinzerling, David Choi, Jung-il Persily, Andrew K. TI Multizone modeling of strategies to reduce the spread of airborne infectious agents in healthcare facilities SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Airborne infection; Filtration; Hospital; Indoor air quality; Simulation; Ventilation ID INDOOR-AIR; ZONAL MODEL; TUBERCULOSIS; VENTILATION; BUILDINGS; ROOM; PATHOGENS; CFD AB Control of airborne infectious agents in hospitals is critical both to effective healthcare and to the control of direct and indirect health care costs. Current hospital design guidelines focus on ventilation rates, room pressure control and air filtration to control the spread of airborne infectious agents. Studies indicate, however, that there is much variability in hospital design strategies used by engineers to control airborne pathogens. This study focuses on a number of questions concerning current hospital design practices and provides an overview of the tools and methods that can be used to answer some of these questions. Multizone airflow and contaminant transport simulations are used to examine different control strategies and some related issues of design and application. Design issues associated with room pressurization, filtration, and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) are also reviewed. The results provide some important insights into the following issues: 1) using a ventilation flow differential based on building leakage better captures the relevant airflow physics of space pressure control; 2) anterooms can be effective barriers for reducing contaminant transport due to pressure differential disruptions; and, 3) filtration can provide significant protection, with more effective protection provided by additional UVGI systems. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Emmerich, Steven J.; Persily, Andrew K.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heinzerling, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Built Environm, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Choi, Jung-il] Yonsei Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Choi, JI (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Dept Computat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM jic@yonsei.ac.kr FU WCU (World Class University) program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [R31-10049] FX The authors express their appreciation to Rick Hermans, PE HFDP of McQuay International and David Bohac of the Minnesota Center for Energy and Environment (MNCEE), George Walton (formerly of NIST), and Stuart Dols, and Brian Polidoro of NIST for their contribution to this work. Jung-il Choi is supported by WCU (World Class University) program (R31-10049) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF). NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 60 BP 105 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.11.013 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 087AY UT WOS:000314734800010 ER PT J AU Gopalakrishnan, SG Marks, F Zing, JA Zhang, X Bao, JW Tallapragada, V AF Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G. Marks, Frank, Jr. Zing, Jun A. Zhang, Xuejin Bao, Jian-Wen Tallapragada, Vijay TI A Study of the Impacts of Vertical Diffusion on the Structure and Intensity of the Tropical Cyclones Using the High-Resolution HWRF System SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA MOMENTUM EXCHANGE; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; DRAG COEFFICIENT; PART I; SURFACE-WAVES; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; CORE AB The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system was used in an idealized framework to gain a fundamental understanding of the variability in tropical cyclone (TC) structure and intensity prediction that may arise due to vertical diffusion. The modeling system uses the Medium-Range Forecast parameterization scheme. Flight-level data collected by a NOAA WP-3D research aircraft during the eyewall penetration of category 5 Hurricane Hugo (1989) at an altitude of about 450-500 m and Hurricane Allen (1980) were used as the basis to best match the modeled eddy diffusivities with wind speed. While reduction of the eddy diffusivity to a quarter of its original value produced the best match with the observations, such a reduction revealed a significant decrease in the height of the inflow layer as well which, in turn, drastically affected the size and intensity changes in the modeled TC. The cross-isobaric flow (inflow) was observed to be stronger with the decrease in the inflow depth. Stronger inflow not only increased the spin of the storm, enhancing the generalized Coriolis term in the equations of motion for tangential velocity, but also resulted in enhanced equivalent potential temperature in the boundary layer, a stronger and warmer core, and, subsequently, a stronger storm. More importantly, rapid acceleration of the inflow not only produced a stronger outflow at the top of the inflow layer, more consistent with observations, but also a smaller inner core that was less than half the size of the original. C1 [Gopalakrishnan, Sundararaman G.; Marks, Frank, Jr.; Zing, Jun A.; Zhang, Xuejin] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zing, Jun A.; Zhang, Xuejin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Bao, Jian-Wen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Gopalakrishnan, SG (reprint author), AOML HRD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sundararaman.g.gopalakrishnan@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Zhang, Xuejin/B-3085-2014; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /I-5773-2013; Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Zhang, Xuejin/0000-0003-2630-534X; Gopalakrishnan , Sundararaman /0000-0003-1384-7860; FU NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program FX The authors acknowledge funding from NOAA's Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program that supported this work. We acknowledge the contributions from Dr. Kao-San Yeh on the HWRF developmental efforts. Thanks are also due to Prof. Mike Montgomery, and Drs. Robert Rogers and Young Kwon for providing a thorough internal review and insightful comments that led to significant improvements of the original manuscript. Thanks are due to Ms. Gail Derr for offering editorial support and to Mr. Arthur Eiserloh, a summer intern at NOAA, who helped the primary author with the coding of the simple gradient wind equation that provided additional insights to this work. The three reviewers and the editor, Prof. Robert Houze, offered some insightful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We acknowledge their efforts, as well. NR 62 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 70 IS 2 BP 524 EP 541 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0340.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 091TG UT WOS:000315072100010 ER PT J AU Guy, N Zeng, XP Rutledge, SA Tao, WK AF Guy, Nick Zeng, Xiping Rutledge, Steven A. Tao, Wei-Kuo TI Comparing the Convective Structure and Microphysics in Two Sahelian Mesoscale Convective Systems: Radar Observations and CRM Simulations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN EASTERLY JET; ICE WATER-CONTENT; WEST-AFRICA; SQUALL LINES; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; FORECAST SYSTEM AB Two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed during the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses(AMMA) experiment are simulated using the three-dimensional (3D) Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model. This study was undertaken to determine the performance of the cloud-resolving model in representing distinct convective and microphysical differences between the two MCSs over a tropical continental location. Simulations are performed using 1-km horizontal grid spacing, a lower limit on current embedded cloud-resolving models within a global multiscale modeling framework. Simulated system convective structure and microphysics are compared to radar observations using contoured frequency-by-altitude diagrams (CFADs), calculated ice and water mass, and identified hydrometeor variables. Vertical distributions of ice hydrometeors indicate underestimation at the mid- and upper levels, partially due to the inability of the model to produce adequate system heights. The abundance of high-reflectivity values below and near the melting level in the simulation led to a broadening of the CFAD distributions. Observed vertical reflectivity profiles show that high reflectivity is present at greater heights than the simulations produced, thought to be a result of using a single-moment microphysics scheme. Relative trends in the population of simulated hydrometeors are in agreement with observations, though a secondary convective burst is not well represented. Despite these biases, the radar-observed differences between the two cases are noticeable in the simulations as well, suggesting that the model has some skill in capturing observed differences between the two MCSs. C1 [Guy, Nick; Rutledge, Steven A.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Zeng, Xiping; Tao, Wei-Kuo] Morgan State Univ, Atmospheres Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Zeng, Xiping] Morgan State Univ, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, Baltimore, MD 21239 USA. RP Guy, N (reprint author), NOAA NSSL WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nick.guy@noaa.gov OI Guy, Nick/0000-0002-9800-598X FU NASA CEAS [NNX08AT77G]; NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission [NNX10AG88G]; NASA Modeling Analysis Prediction; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division FX This research was supported by the NASA CEAS Fellowship Grant NNX08AT77G and NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission under Grant NNX10AG88G. W.-K. Tao is mainly supported by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (PMM) and NASA Modeling Analysis Prediction (MAP). Based on a French initiative, AMMA was built by an international scientific group and is currently funded by a large number of agencies, especially from France, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Africa. It has been the beneficiary of a major financial contribution from the European Community's Sixth Framework Research Programme. Detailed information on scientific coordination and funding is available on the AMMA International website (http://www.amma-international.org). MIT radar data were provided by Earle Williams. Sounding data were provided by Doug Parker. Cloud radar data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate and Environmental Sciences Division. Large-scale forcing data were provided by Paul Ciesielski. Gareth Berry provided computer code for AEW analysis. The authors thank Sue van den Heever for helpful comments on early versions of this work and three anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions that greatly improved this manuscript. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 141 IS 2 BP 582 EP 601 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00053.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 088LD UT WOS:000314835000011 ER PT J AU Tanamachi, RL Wicker, LJ Dowell, DC Bluestein, HB Dawson, DT Xue, M AF Tanamachi, Robin L. Wicker, Louis J. Dowell, David C. Bluestein, Howard B. Dawson, Daniel T., II Xue, Ming TI EnKF Assimilation of High-Resolution, Mobile Doppler Radar Data of the 4 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, Supercell into a Numerical Cloud Model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; LOW-LEVEL WIND; DUAL-DOPPLER; CONVECTIVE STORMS; X-BAND; MAINTENANCE; TORNADO; THUNDERSTORMS AB Mobile Doppler radar data, along with observations from a nearby Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), are assimilated with an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) technique into a non-hydrostatic, compressible numerical weather prediction model to analyze the evolution of the 4 May 2007 Greensburg, Kansas, tornadic supercell. The storm is simulated via assimilation of reflectivity and velocity data in an initially horizontally homogeneous environment whose parameters are believed to be a close approximation to those of the Greensburg supercell inflow sector. Experiments are conducted to test analysis sensitivity to mobile radar data availability and to the mean environmental near-surface wind profile, which was changing rapidly during the simulation period. In all experiments, a supercell with similar location and evolution to the observed storm is analyzed, but the simulated storm's characteristics differ markedly. The assimilation of mobile Doppler radar data has a much greater impact on the resulting analyses, particularly at low altitudes (<= 2 km), than modifications to the near-surface environmental wind profile. Differences in the analyzed updrafts, vortices, cold pool structure, rear-flank gust front structure, and observation-space diagnostics are documented. An analyzed vortex corresponding to the enhanced Fujita scale 5 (EF-5) Greensburg tornado is stronger and deeper in experiments in which mobile (higher resolution) Doppler radar data are included in the assimilation. This difference is linked to stronger analyzed horizontal convergence, which in turn is associated with increased stretching of vertical vorticity. Changing the near-surface wind profile appears to impact primarily the updraft strength, availability of streamwise vorticity for tilting into the vertical, and low-level vortex strength and longevity. C1 [Tanamachi, Robin L.; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Tanamachi, Robin L.; Dawson, Daniel T., II] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Tanamachi, Robin L.; Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wicker, Louis J.; Dawson, Daniel T., II] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Dowell, David C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Tanamachi, RL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 2500, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rtanamachi@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011; Dawson II, Daniel/I-4552-2012; Tanamachi, Robin/K-6275-2012; Dowell, David/E-7855-2015 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238; Dawson II, Daniel/0000-0002-2079-1247; Tanamachi, Robin/0000-0002-5450-3012; FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0637148, ATM-0934307, ATM-0802888]; NOAA [NA08OAR4320904] FX This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0637148, ATM-0934307, and ATM-0802888, and by NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320904. Portions of this manuscript were completed while the first author was a graduate research assistant at the School of Meteorology and Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, and subsequently, a postdoctoral research associate at the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms (CAPS) in Norman, Oklahoma. Sudie Kelly, Glen Romine, and Jeff Anderson at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado, provided visiting scientist support and assistance with preliminary versions of these experiments. NR 64 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 141 IS 2 BP 625 EP 648 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00099.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 088LD UT WOS:000314835000013 ER PT J AU Becerra, FE Fan, J Baumgartner, G Goldhar, J Kosloski, JT Migdall, A AF Becerra, F. E. Fan, J. Baumgartner, G. Goldhar, J. Kosloski, J. T. Migdall, A. TI Experimental demonstration of a receiver beating the standard quantum limit for multiple nonorthogonal state discrimination SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT STATES; PHASE; CRYPTOGRAPHY; SIGNALS; RATES AB Measurement of the state of a quantum system with inherent quantum uncertainty (noise) approaching the ultimate physical limits is of both technological and fundamental interest. Quantum noise prevents any mutually nonorthogonal quantum states, such as coherent states, from being distinguished with perfect accuracy. Optimized quantum measurements for nonorthogonal coherent states allow, in principle, for state discrimination sensitivities surpassing the standard quantum limit. Realizing quantum receivers that can detect multiple coherent states with sensitivity levels approaching the ultimate quantum limits is fundamental to quantum-enhanced measurements, and can optimize the performance of quantum and classical communications as well as future implementations of quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate the first quantum receiver that unconditionally discriminates four nonorthogonal coherent states with error probabilities below the standard quantum limit. This receiver achieves error rates four times lower than is possible with any ideal conventional receiver with perfect detection efficiency. C1 [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Becerra, F. E.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Baumgartner, G.; Kosloski, J. T.] Lab Telecommun Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Goldhar, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Becerra, FE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fbecerra@umd.edu NR 42 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD FEB PY 2013 VL 7 IS 2 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2012.316 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 088SY UT WOS:000314858600015 ER PT J AU Malkoval, N Bryant, GW AF Malkoval, Natalia Bryant, Garnett W. TI Surface states in negative-band-gap semiconductor films: Intrinsic or topological? SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Surface states; Band structure; Semiconductors II-VI-electrical properties of specific films ID INTERFACE STATES; HGTE; NANOCRYSTALS; CDTE; HETEROJUNCTIONS; HG1-XCDXTE; PHASE AB We show that in HgTe films with passivated surface, surface states evolve from the cation derived dangling-back bond band and that they must be classified as intrinsic surface states of the inverted gap materials. The surface states can only be formed when the passivating potential reaches a threshold value needed to overlap the positive band gap of the surface layers and negative band gap of the interior layers of the slabs. The surface states found do not have characteristic topological properties. Depending on a terminating layer, these surface states are gapless or quasi-gapless at the zone center, but they cannot prevent back-scattering. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Malkoval, Natalia] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Malkoval, N (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nmalkova07@gmail.com; garnett.bryant@nist.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 1 PY 2013 VL 410 BP 147 EP 156 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2012.11.013 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 087KV UT WOS:000314761100027 ER PT J AU Combes, V Chenillat, F Di Lorenzo, E Riviere, P Ohman, MD Bograd, SJ AF Combes, V. Chenillat, F. Di Lorenzo, E. Riviere, P. Ohman, M. D. Bograd, S. J. TI Cross-shore transport variability in the California Current: Ekman upwelling vs. eddy dynamics SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID CURRENT SYSTEM; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC; MODEL; ZOOPLANKTON; OSCILLATION; SURFACE; SEA AB The low-frequency dynamics of coastal upwelling and cross-shelf transport in the Central and Southern California Current System (CCS) are investigated using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) over the period 1965-2008. An ensemble of passive tracers released in the numerical model is used to characterize the effects of linear (Ekman upwelling) and non-linear (mesoscale eddies) circulation dynamics on the statistics of advection of coastal waters. The statistics of passive tracers released in the subsurface show that the low-frequency variability of coastal upwelling and cross-shelf transport of the upwelled water mass are strongly correlated with the alongshore wind stress, and are coherent between the central and southern CCS. However, the offshore transport of tracers released at the surface is not coherent between the two regions, and is modulated by intrinsic mesoscale eddy activity, in particular cyclonic eddies. The transport of cyclonic eddies extends with depth and entrains water masses of southern origin, advected by the poleward California Undercurrent (CUC). The CUC water masses are not only entrained by eddies but also constitute a source for the central California upwelling system. The interplay between intrinsic (eddy activity) and deterministic (Ekman upwelling) dynamics in controlling the cross-shelf exchanges in the CCS may provide an improved framework to understand and interpret nutrients and ecosystem variability. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Combes, V.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Chenillat, F.; Riviere, P.] Inst Univ Europeen Men, Lab Sci Environm Marin, LEMAR, UMR CNRS UBO IRD 6539, Plouzane, France. [Chenillat, F.] Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Lab Phys Oceans, LPO, UMR CNRS IFREMER UBO IRD 6523, Brest, France. [Di Lorenzo, E.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ohman, M. D.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Bograd, S. J.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Combes, V (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM vincent.combes@gmail.com RI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012; OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363; Chenillat, Fanny/0000-0002-6233-0377 FU National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-0550266, NSF-GLOBEC OCE-0815280]; National Science Foundation (NSF CCE-LTER) FX This study was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF OCE-0550266, POBEX project NSF-GLOBEC OCE-0815280 and NSF CCE-LTER). We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their excellent and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 55 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 109 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2012.10.001 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 091OH UT WOS:000315059200006 ER PT J AU Ngunjiri, JN Stark, DJ Tian, T Briggman, KA Garno, JC AF Ngunjiri, Johnpeter N. Stark, Daniel J. Tian, Tian Briggman, Kimberly A. Garno, Jayne C. TI Immobilization of proteins on carboxylic acid functionalized nanopatterns SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Atomic force microscopy; Nanografting; Scanning probe lithography; Self-assembled monolayers; Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy; Protein immobilization ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DIP-PEN NANOLITHOGRAPHY; GOLD SURFACES; ORIENTED IMMOBILIZATION; FABRICATION; PATTERNS; LITHOGRAPHY; ATTACHMENT; NANOSTRUCTURES AB The immobilization of proteins on nanopatterned surfaces was investigated using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and ex situ infrared reflectance-absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). The AFM-based lithography technique of nanografting provided control of the size, geometry, and spatial placement of nanopatterns within self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Square nanopatterns of carboxylate-terminated SAMs were inscribed within methyl-terminated octadecanethiolate SAMs and activated using carbodiimide/succinimide coupling chemistry. Staphylococcal protein A was immobilized on the activated nanopatterns before exposure to rabbit immunoglobulin G. In situ AFM was used to monitor changes in the topography and friction of the nanopatterns in solution upon protein immobilization. Complementary studies with ex situ IRAS confirmed the surface chemistry that occurred during the steps of SAM activation and subsequent protein immobilization on unpatterned samples. Since carbodiimide/succinimide coupling chemistry can be used for surface attachment of different biomolecules, this protocol shows promise for development of other aqueous-based studies for nanopatterned protein immobilization. C1 [Ngunjiri, Johnpeter N.] Dow Chem Co USA, Analyt Sci Div, Spring House, PA 19477 USA. [Tian, Tian; Garno, Jayne C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Stark, Daniel J.; Briggman, Kimberly A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garno, JC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jngunjiri@Dow.com; jgarno@lsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE-0847291]; Dreyfus Foundation, Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award; NIST National Research Council FX This research was sponsored by funding from the National Science Foundation (Career and PECASE award, CHE-0847291) and by the Dreyfus Foundation, Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award. D.J.S. acknowledges a NIST National Research Council fellowship. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 10 U2 68 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 405 IS 6 BP 1985 EP 1993 DI 10.1007/s00216-012-6621-3 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 086JX UT WOS:000314681000021 PM 23239182 ER PT J AU Li, Z Kelman, LM Kelman, Z AF Li, Zhuo Kelman, Lori M. Kelman, Zvi TI Thermococcus kodakarensis DNA replication SO BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article DE Archaea; DNA replication; initiation of replication; proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) ID ARCHAEAL MCM HELICASE; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGENS; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; GINS COMPLEX; SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; KODAKARAENSIS KOD1; ORIGIN RECOGNITION; BINDING PROTEIN; SLIDING CLAMPS; 3 DOMAINS AB DNA replication plays an essential role in all life forms. Research on archaeal DNA replication began approximately 20 years ago. Progress was hindered, however, by the lack of genetic tools to supplement the biochemical and structural studies. This has changed, however, and genetic approaches are now available for several archaeal species. One of these organisms is the thermophilic euryarchaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis. In the present paper, the recent developments in the biochemical, structural and genetic studies on the replication machinery of T. kodakarensis are summarized. C1 [Li, Zhuo; Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kelman, Lori M.] Montgomery Coll, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kelman, Z (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM zkelman@umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646] FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [grant number MCB-0815646]. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 18 PU PORTLAND PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA THIRD FLOOR, EAGLE HOUSE, 16 PROCTER STREET, LONDON WC1V 6 NX, ENGLAND SN 0300-5127 J9 BIOCHEM SOC T JI Biochem. Soc. Trans. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 41 BP 332 EP 338 DI 10.1042/BST20120303 PN 1 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 080EB UT WOS:000314222900056 PM 23356307 ER PT J AU Chang, YS Zhang, SQ Rosati, A Delworth, TL Stern, WF AF Chang, You-Soon Zhang, Shaoqing Rosati, Anthony Delworth, Thomas L. Stern, William F. TI An assessment of oceanic variability for 1960-2010 from the GFDL ensemble coupled data assimilation SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Ensemble coupled data assimilation; Reanalysis; Assessment; Oceanic variability ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WORLD OCEAN; CLIMATE MODELS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; HEAT FLUXES; SOUTH ATLANTIC; PART II; ICE; XBT AB The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory has developed an ensemble coupled data assimilation (ECDA) system based on the fully coupled climate model, CM2.1, in order to provide reanalyzed coupled initial conditions that are balanced with the climate prediction model. Here, we conduct a comprehensive assessment for the oceanic variability from the latest version of the ECDA analyzed for 51 years, 1960-2010. Meridional oceanic heat transport, net ocean surface heat flux, wind stress, sea surface height, top 300 m heat content, tropical temperature, salinity and currents are compared with various in situ observations and reanalyses by employing similar configurations with the assessment of the NCEP's climate forecast system reanalysis (Xue et al. in Clim Dyn 37(11):2511-2539, 2011). Results show that the ECDA agrees well with observations in both climatology and variability for 51 years. For the simulation of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean and global salinity variability, the ECDA shows a good performance compared to existing reanalyses. The ECDA also shows no significant drift in the deep ocean temperature and salinity. While systematic model biases are mostly corrected with the coupled data assimilation, some biases (e.g., strong trade winds, weak westerly winds and warm SST in the southern oceans, subsurface temperature and salinity biases along the equatorial western Pacific boundary, overestimating the mixed layer depth around the subpolar Atlantic and high-latitude southern oceans in the winter seasons) are not completely eliminated. Mean biases such as strong South Equatorial Current, weak Equatorial Under Current, and weak Atlantic overturning transport are generated during the assimilation procedure, but their variabilities are well simulated. In terms of climate variability, the ECDA provides good simulations of the dominant oceanic signals associated with El Nino and Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation during the whole analyzed period, 1960-2010. C1 [Chang, You-Soon; Zhang, Shaoqing; Rosati, Anthony; Delworth, Thomas L.; Stern, William F.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Chang, You-Soon] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Chang, YS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM You-Soon.Chang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 80 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 775 EP 803 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1412-2 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 081CA UT WOS:000314292200015 ER PT J AU Bollasina, MA Ming, Y AF Bollasina, Massimo A. Ming, Yi TI The general circulation model precipitation bias over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean and its implications for simulating the South Asian monsoon SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE General circulation models; South Asian monsoon; Sea surface temperature gradient; Precipitation ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER WINDS; SUMMER MONSOON; TROPICAL OCEANS; SST GRADIENTS; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE; RAINFALL; PREDICTABILITY AB Most of current general circulation models (GCMs) show a remarkable positive precipitation bias over the southwestern equatorial Indian Ocean (SWEIO), which can be thought of as a westward expansion of the simulated IO convergence zone toward the coast of Africa. The bias is common to both coupled and uncoupled models, suggesting that its origin does not stem from the way boundary conditions are specified. The spatio-temporal evolution of the precipitation and associated three-dimensional atmospheric circulation biases is comprehensively characterized by comparing the GFDL AM3 atmospheric model to observations. It is shown that the oceanic bias, which develops in spring and reduces during the monsoon season, is associated to a consistent precipitation and circulation anomalous pattern over the whole Indian region. In the vertical, the areas are linked by an anomalous Hadley-type meridional circulation, whose northern branch subsides over northeastern India significantly affecting the monsoon evolution (e.g., delaying its onset). This study makes the case that the precipitation bias over the SWEIO is forced by the model excess response to the local meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient through enhanced near-surface meridional wind convergence. This is suggested by observational evidence and supported by AM3 sensitivity experiments. The latter show that relaxing the magnitude of the meridional SST gradient in the SWEIO can lead to a significant reduction of both local and large-scale precipitation and circulation biases. The ability of local anomalies over the SWEIO to force a large-scale remote response to the north is further supported by numerical experiments with the GFDL spectral dry dynamical core model. By imposing a realistic anomalous heating source over the SWEIO the model is able to reproduce the main dynamical features of the AM3 bias. These results indicate that improved GCM simulations of the South Asian summer monsoon could be achieved by reducing the springtime model bias over the SWEIO. Deficiencies in the atmospheric model, and in particular in the convective parameterization, are suggested to play a key role. Finally, the important mechanism controlling the simulated precipitation distribution over South Asia found here should be considered in the interpretation and attribution of regional precipitation variation under climate change. C1 [Bollasina, Massimo A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ming, Yi] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Bollasina, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM massimo.bollasina@noaa.gov RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 NR 62 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 40 IS 3-4 BP 823 EP 838 DI 10.1007/s00382-012-1347-7 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 081CA UT WOS:000314292200017 ER PT J AU Mcleod, E Anthony, KRN Andersson, A Beeden, R Golbuu, Y Kleypas, J Kroeker, K Manzello, D Salm, RV Schuttenberg, H Smith, JE AF Mcleod, Elizabeth Anthony, Kenneth R. N. Andersson, Andreas Beeden, Roger Golbuu, Yimnang Kleypas, Joanie Kroeker, Kristy Manzello, Derek Salm, Rod V. Schuttenberg, Heidi Smith, Jennifer E. TI Preparing to manage coral reefs for ocean acidification: lessons from coral bleaching SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SYSTEM; RESILIENCE; CALCIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; ORGANISMS AB Ocean acidification is a direct consequence of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and is expected to compromise the structure and function of coral reefs within this century. Research into the effects of ocean acidification on coral reefs has focused primarily on measuring and predicting changes in seawater carbon (C) chemistry and the biological and geochemical responses of reef organisms to such changes. To date, few ocean acidification studies have been designed to address conservation planning and management priorities. Here, we discuss how existing marine protected area design principles developed to address coral bleaching may be modified to address ocean acidification. We also identify five research priorities needed to incorporate ocean acidification into conservation planning and management: (1) establishing an ocean C chemistry baseline, (2) establishing ecological baselines, (3) determining species/habitat/community sensitivity to ocean acidification, (4) projecting changes in seawater carbonate chemistry, and (5) identifying potentially synergistic effects of multiple stressors. C1 [Mcleod, Elizabeth] Nature Conservancy, Austin, TX USA. [Anthony, Kenneth R. N.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Andersson, Andreas; Smith, Jennifer E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Beeden, Roger] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Golbuu, Yimnang] Palau Int Coral Reef Ctr, Koror, Palau. [Kleypas, Joanie] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Kroeker, Kristy] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Manzello, Derek] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Manzello, Derek] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Salm, Rod V.] Nature Conservancy, Honolulu, HI USA. [Schuttenberg, Heidi] Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland. RP Mcleod, E (reprint author), Nature Conservancy, Austin, TX USA. EM emcleod@tnc.org RI Smith, Jennifer/E-5207-2013; Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; Kroeker, Kristy/0000-0002-5766-1999 NR 51 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 22 U2 291 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 11 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1890/110240 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 083RO UT WOS:000314483100016 ER PT J AU Merlis, TM Schneider, T Bordoni, S Eisenman, I AF Merlis, Timothy M. Schneider, Tapio Bordoni, Simona Eisenman, Ian TI Hadley Circulation Response to Orbital Precession. Part I: Aquaplanets SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID IDEALIZED GCM; REGIME TRANSITIONS; MONSOON DYNAMICS; WIDE-RANGE; CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERE; SIMULATIONS; OCEAN; TRANSPORT; HOLOCENE AB The response of the monsoonal and annual-mean Hadley circulation to orbital precession is examined in an idealized atmospheric general circulation model with an aquaplanet slab-ocean lower boundary. Contrary to expectations, the simulated monsoonal Hadley circulation is weaker when perihelion occurs at the summer solstice than when aphelion occurs at the summer solstice. The angular momentum balance and energy balance are examined to understand the mechanisms that produce this result. That the summer with stronger insolation has a weaker circulation is the result of an increase in the atmosphere's energetic stratification, the gross moist stability, which increases more than the amount required to balance the change in atmospheric energy flux divergence necessitated by the change in top-of-atmosphere net radiation. The solstice-season changes result in annual-mean Hadley circulation changes (e.g., changes in circulation strength). C1 [Merlis, Timothy M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Merlis, Timothy M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schneider, Tapio; Bordoni, Simona] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Eisenman, Ian] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Merlis, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tmerlis@princeton.edu RI Eisenman, Ian/B-9329-2009; Schneider, Tapio /A-7038-2014 OI Schneider, Tapio /0000-0001-5687-2287 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Fellowship; National Science Foundation Grant [AGS-1049201] FX A careful reading of Tim Merlis's Ph.D. thesis by Andy Thompson is greatly appreciated. We thank Rob Korty and Damianos Mantsis for helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Fellowship, and National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1049201. The program codes for the simulations, based on the Flexible Modeling System of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, as well as the simulation results themselves, are available from the authors upon request. NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 BP 740 EP 753 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00716.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 086OR UT WOS:000314695500004 ER PT J AU Merlis, TM Schneider, T Bordoni, S Eisenman, I AF Merlis, Timothy M. Schneider, Tapio Bordoni, Simona Eisenman, Ian TI Hadley Circulation Response to Orbital Precession. Part II: Subtropical Continent SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; REGIME TRANSITIONS; TROPICAL PRECIPITATION; MONSOON DYNAMICS; ENERGY-TRANSPORT; AFRICAN MONSOON; ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; SIMULATIONS; MIDHOLOCENE AB The response of the monsoonal and annual-mean Hadley circulation to orbital precession is examined in an idealized atmospheric general circulation model with a simplified representation of land surface processes in subtropical latitudes. When perihelion occurs in the summer of a hemisphere with a subtropical continent, changes in the top-of-atmosphere energy balance, together with a poleward shift of the monsoonal circulation boundary, lead to a strengthening of the monsoonal circulation. Spatial variations in surface heat capacity determine whether radiative perturbations are balanced by energy storage or by atmospheric energy fluxes. Although orbital precession does not affect annual-mean insolation, the annual-mean Hadley circulation does respond to orbital precession because its sensitivity to radiative changes varies over the course of the year: the monsoonal circulation in summer is near the angular momentum-conserving limit and responds directly to radiative changes; whereas in winter, the circulation is affected by the momentum fluxes of extratropical eddies and is less sensitive to radiative changes. C1 [Merlis, Timothy M.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Merlis, Timothy M.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Schneider, Tapio; Bordoni, Simona] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Eisenman, Ian] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Merlis, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM tmerlis@princeton.edu RI Eisenman, Ian/B-9329-2009; Schneider, Tapio /A-7038-2014 OI Schneider, Tapio /0000-0001-5687-2287 FU National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship; Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Fellowship; National Science Foundation Grant [AGS-1049201] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their comments. This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship, a Princeton Center for Theoretical Science Fellowship, and National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1049201. We thank Sonja Graves for providing modifications to the GCM code. The program codes for the simulations, based on the Flexible Modeling System of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory as well as the simulation results themselves, are available from the authors upon request. NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 BP 754 EP 771 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00149.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 086OR UT WOS:000314695500005 ER PT J AU Chiodi, AM Harrison, DE AF Chiodi, Andrew M. Harrison, Don E. TI El Nino Impacts on Seasonal U.S. Atmospheric Circulation, Temperature, and Precipitation Anomalies: The OLR-Event Perspective SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; US TEMPERATURE; WINTER; EXTREMES; FIELD; ENSO AB This study shows that, since 1979 when outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) observations became reliably available, most of the useful U. S. seasonal weather impact of El Nino events is associated with the few events identified by the behavior of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) over the eastern equatorial Pacific ("OLR-El Nino events"). These events produce composite seasonal regional weather anomalies that are 95% statistically significant and robust (associated with almost all events). Results also show that there are very few statistically significant seasonal weather anomalies, even at the 80% level, associated with the non-OLR-El Nino events. A major enhancement of statistical seasonal forecasting skill over the contiguous United States appears possible by incorporating these results. It is essential to respect that not all events commonly labeled as El Nino events lead to statistically useful U.S. seasonal forecast skill. C1 [Chiodi, Andrew M.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Harrison, Don E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013; Chiodi, Andrew/Q-7818-2016 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148] FX This publication is (partially) funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148. NR 16 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 BP 822 EP 837 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00097.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 086OR UT WOS:000314695500009 ER PT J AU Prat, OP Nelson, BR AF Prat, Olivier P. Nelson, Brian R. TI Precipitation Contribution of Tropical Cyclones in the Southeastern United States from 1998 to 2009 Using TRMM Satellite Data SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL HURRICANE FREQUENCY; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; RAINFALL; CLIMATOLOGY; METEOROLOGY; INTENSITY; STREAM; USA AB The objective of this paper is to characterize the precipitation amounts originating from tropical cyclones (TCs) in the southeastern United States during the tropical storm season from June to November. Using 12 years of precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), the authors estimate the TC contribution on the seasonal, interannual, and monthly precipitation budget using TC information derived from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS). Results derived from the TRMM Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) 3B42 showed that TCs accounted for about 7% of the seasonal precipitation total from 1998 to 2009. Rainfall attributable to TCs was found to contribute as much as 8%-12% for inland areas located between 150 and 300 km from the coast and up to 15%-20% for coastal areas from Louisiana to the Florida Panhandle, southern Florida, and coastal Carolinas. The interannual contribution varied from 1.3% to 13.8% for the period 1998-2009 and depended on the TC seasonal activity, TC intensity, and TC paths as they traveled inland. For TCs making landfall, the rainfall contribution could be locally above 40% and, on a monthly basis, TCs contributed as much as 20% of September rainfall. The probability density functions of rainfall attributable to tropical cyclones showed that the percentage of rainfall associated with TC over land increased with increasing rain intensity and represent about 20% of heavy rainfall (>20 mm h(-1)), while TCs account for less than 5% of all seasonal precipitation events. C1 [Prat, Olivier P.] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Prat, Olivier P.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Nelson, Brian R.] NOAA Natl Climat Data Ctr, Remote Sensing Applicat Div, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Prat, OP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, CICS NC, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM olivier.prat@noaa.gov RI Prat, Olivier/B-7016-2009; Nelson, Brian/D-6432-2014 OI Prat, Olivier/0000-0002-9289-5723; FU NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported by the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Records and Science Stewardship Program through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under the Agreement NA09NES4400006. The authors are grateful to Carl Schreck, Ken Kunkel, Scott Stevens, and three anonymous reviewers for valuable comments and suggestions. NR 50 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 26 IS 3 BP 1047 EP 1062 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00736.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 086OR UT WOS:000314695500024 ER PT J AU Velo, A Perez, FF Tanhua, T Gilcoto, M Rios, AF Key, RM AF Velo, A. Perez, F. F. Tanhua, T. Gilcoto, M. Rios, A. F. Key, R. M. TI Total alkalinity estimation using MLR and neural network techniques SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Seawater alkalinity; Ocean carbonate system; MLR techniques; Neural network techniques; Data quality control ID LEAST-SQUARES; ROBUST; OCEANS; SYSTEM; CO2 AB During the last decade, two important collections of carbon relevant hydrochemical data have become available: GLODAP and CARINA. These collections comprise a synthesis of bottle data for all ocean depths from many cruises collected over several decades. For a majority of the cruises at least two carbon parameters were measured. However, for a large number of stations, samples or even cruises, the carbonate system is under-determined (i.e., only one or no carbonate parameter was measured) resulting in data gaps for the carbonate system in these collections. A method for filling these gaps would be very useful, as it would help with estimations of the anthropogenic carbon (C-ant) content or quantification of oceanic acidification. The aim of this work is to apply and describe, a 3D moving window multilinear regression algorithm (MLR) to fill gaps in total alkalinity (A(T)) of the CARINA and GLODAP data collections for the Atlantic. In addition to filling data gaps, the estimated A(T) values derived from the MLR are useful in quality control of the measurements of the carbonate system, as they can aid in the identification of outliers. For comparison, a neural network algorithm able to perform non-linear predictions was also designed. The goal here was to design an alternative approach to accomplish the same task of filling A(T)gaps. Both methods return internally consistent results, thereby giving confidence in our approach. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Velo, A.; Perez, F. F.; Gilcoto, M.; Rios, A. F.] Inst Invest Marinas Punta Betin, CSIC, Vigo 36208, Spain. [Tanhua, T.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [Key, R. M.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Velo, A (reprint author), Inst Invest Marinas Punta Betin, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain. EM avelo@iim.csic.es RI Gil Coto, Miguel/B-4120-2015; Perez, Fiz F./B-9001-2011 OI Gil Coto, Miguel/0000-0003-3025-4258; Perez, Fiz F./0000-0003-4836-8974 FU EU; European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [264879] FX We wish to acknowledge the hard work and dedication of analysts, investigators and crew that collect the data at sea; without them, this work would not be possible. We also gratefully acknowledge those who have contributed their data to the CARINA and GLODAP project. Thanks also to those people in the fisheries group of IIM-CSIC for their support in statistical concerns. This work and in particular T.T. was supported through EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE "Changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate", which received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 264879. NR 42 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 111 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.09.002 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 082EQ UT WOS:000314375500002 ER PT J AU Ezer, T Ashford, JR Jones, CM Mahoney, BA Hobbs, RC AF Ezer, Tal Ashford, Julian R. Jones, Cynthia M. Mahoney, Barbara A. Hobbs, Roderick C. TI Physical-biological interactions in a subarctic estuary: How do environmental and physical factors impact the movement and survival of beluga whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska? SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article AB The annual abundance population estimates of the endangered beluga whales in Cook Inlet (CI), Alaska, have indicated a decline in the population over the past decades and no convincing explanation has been offered so far for this trend. Satellite tracking data of about 20 Cook Inlet beluga whales (CIBW) over some 5-year period, as well as annual population counts and stranding reports were compared with environmental observations. The seasonal movements of the belugas within Cl appear to be affected by variations in water temperature, ice coverage and most significantly, by river discharge. Statistically significant correlations were found between the seasonal movements of the CIBW and the timing of peak flows at different rivers. Interannual variations of the CIBW movements were found to relate to year-to-year variations in water temperature and the time of ice melt/freezing; thus, in warmer years the CIBW will stay in the upper inlet longer, before dispersing to the mid and lower CI in winter. Both, the population of the beluga and stranding numbers show a 3-4-year cycle of interannual variations resembling the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index, though the exact mechanism in which large-scale climate variations impact the CIBW habitat is not clear yet. The analysis suggests that the method of estimating the CIBW population from annual aerial surveys needs further evaluation, since interannual changes in the spatial distribution of CIBW preferred locations may have a confounding effect on estimates of population abundance. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Ashford, Julian R.; Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Mahoney, Barbara A.] NOAA Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. [Hobbs, Roderick C.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ezer, T (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, 4111 Monarch Way, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. EM tezer@odu.edu; jashford@odu.edu; cjones@odu.edu; Barbara.Mahoney@noaa.gov; Rod.Hobbs@noaa.gov OI Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 FU Kenai Peninsula Borough [KPB 271.21135.90216.43011]; NOAA Fisheries Alaska Region [HA133F10SE3655]; NOAA Climate Programs [NA08OAR4310613] FX The study was supported by the Kenai Peninsula Borough, award no. KPB 271.21135.90216.43011, NOAA Fisheries Alaska Region, contract no. HA133F10SE3655 and NOAA Climate Programs, award no. NA08OAR4310613. K. Jackson is thanked for providing the stranding data. The study benefited from earlier studies of physical processes and CI modeling work that were supported by MMS and model developments by L Oey of Princeton University. S. Okkonen and an anonymous reviewer are thanked for providing very helpful suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 59 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 111 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.10.007 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 082EQ UT WOS:000314375500010 ER PT J AU Bush, BG Del Rio, FW Jaye, C Fischer, DA Cook, RF AF Bush, Brian G. Del Rio, Frank W. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Cook, Robert F. TI Interfacial Mechanical Properties of n-Alkylsilane Monolayers on Silicon Substrates SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Friction; interface phenomena; microelectromechanical devices; reliability; silicon; surface treatment ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHAIN-LENGTH DEPENDENCE; THETA-LIKE SPECIMENS; JKR-DMT TRANSITION; FRICTIONAL-PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; CONTACT DEFORMATIONS; SURFACE FORCES; ADHESION AB The interfacial properties of n-alkylsilane monolayers on silicon were investigated by normal force spectroscopy, lateral force measurements, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. Monolayers of (CH3(CH2)(n-1)SiCl3) with chain lengths n = 5, 8, 12, and 18 were prepared and NEXAFS spectra were used to compute the dichroic ratio, RI. As n decreased from 18 to 5, the film structures change from ordered (R-I = 0.41) to disordered (R-I = 0.12) states. Normal force spectroscopy data were analyzed with a modified elastic adhesive contact model to extract Young's modulus, E-film, and the work of adhesion, w, of the film; E-film decreased from 1.2 to 0.67 GPa, and w increased from 48.6 to 60.1 mJ . m(-2) as n decreased from 18 to 5. Lateral force measurements quantified the reduction in friction via an interfacial shear strength, tau, and a lateral deformation analog, eta. Monolayer adsorption reduced tau from 3500 MPa for SiO2 to less than 50 MPa for n = 12 and 18 alkylsilanes and was dependent on contact pressure. Conversely, eta was pressure invariant, with values of approximate to 3500 MPa for n = 5 and 8 and approximate to 1000 MPa for n = 12 and 18. C1 [Bush, Brian G.; Del Rio, Frank W.; Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bush, BG (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.bush@nist.gov; frank.delrio@nist.gov; cjaye@bnl.gov; dfischer@bnl.go; robert.cook@nist.gov NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 EI 1941-0158 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 34 EP 43 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2012.2213798 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 086YT UT WOS:000314726900008 ER PT J AU McGray, CD Stavis, SM Giltinan, J Eastman, E Firebaugh, S Piepmeier, J Geist, J Gaitan, M AF McGray, Craig D. Stavis, Samuel M. Giltinan, Joshua Eastman, Eric Firebaugh, Samara Piepmeier, Jenelle Geist, Jon Gaitan, Michael TI MEMS Kinematics by Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Fluorescence microscopy; kinematics; MEMS; scratch drive; super-resolution ID SCRATCH DRIVE ACTUATOR; INPLANE; LOCALIZATION; RESOLUTION; MOTION; REGISTRATION; NANOSCALE; DEVICES; SYSTEM; WEAR AB Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is used for the first time to study the nanoscale kinematics of a MEMS device in motion across a surface. A device under test is labeled with fluorescent nanoparticles that form amicroscale constellation of near-ideal point sources of light. The constellation is imaged by widefield epifluorescence microscopy, and the image of each nanoparticle is fit to a Gaussian distribution to calculate its position. Translations and rotations of the device are measured by computing the rigid transform that best maps the constellation from one image to the next. This technique is used to measure the stepwise motion of a scratch drive actuator across each of 500 duty cycles with 0.13-nm localization precision, 1.85-nm displacement uncertainty, and 100-mu rad orientation uncertainty for a constellation diameter of 15 mu m. This novel measurement reveals acute aperiodic variations in the step size of the actuator, which have been neither previously observed nor predicted by any of the published models of the operation of the device. These unexpected results highlight the importance of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to the measurement of MEMS kinematics, which will have broad impact in fundamental investigations of surface forces, wear, and tribology in MEMS and related applications. C1 [McGray, Craig D.; Stavis, Samuel M.; Geist, Jon; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giltinan, Joshua] Towson Univ, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Giltinan, Joshua] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eastman, Eric; Firebaugh, Samara; Piepmeier, Jenelle] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP McGray, CD (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.mcgray@nist.gov OI Geist, Jon/0000-0001-7749-318X FU Physical Measurement Laboratory; Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Naval Academy; American Recovery and Reinvestment Act FX This work was supported in part by the Physical Measurement Laboratory and the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in part by the U.S. Naval Academy, and in part by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Subject Editor C. Rembe. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 46 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 115 EP 123 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2012.2216506 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 086YT UT WOS:000314726900017 ER PT J AU Wang, YD Lewis, R Lin, MMH Radebaugh, R Lee, YC AF Wang, Yunda Lewis, Ryan Lin, Martin M. -H. Radebaugh, Ray Lee, Y. C. TI The Development of Polymer-Based Planar Microcryogenic Coolers SO JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Heat exchanger (HX); microcryogenic cooler (MCC); mixed refrigerant; planar; polyimide; wafer-level process ID TEMPERATURES; TECHNOLOGY; STAGE AB In this paper, polymer-based microcryogenic cooler (MCC) cold stages, each with a footprint of 17 mm x 5 mm, have been successfully developed and tested. The MCC cold stage consists of a polyimide heat exchanger (HX) which is monolithically manufactured on a silicon substrate by using a polyimide/copper microelectromechanical systems process and a silicon/glass Joule-Thomson (J-T) valve which is formed with anodic bonding. Specifically, PI-2574 (HD MicroSystems) was used to make the HX in this work. The two parts are assembled together, forming a cooler which uses the J-T cycle. A cooling test with an optimized five-component mixture as the refrigerant was conducted to examine the performance of the cooler. The cooling temperature was able to reach 233 K under an operating pressure ratio of 0.7:0.15 MPa. It is one of the world's smallest J-T cold stages and the first one fabricated and assembled based on wafer-level processes. [2012-0132] C1 [Wang, Yunda; Lewis, Ryan; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lin, Martin M. -H.] Symmetricom Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Radebaugh, Ray] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, YD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yunda.wang@colorado.edu; Ryan.J.Lewis-1@Colorado.EDU; martinmuhong@gmail.com; ray.radebaugh@nist.gov; leeyc@colorado.edu FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program [NBCHC060052, W31P4Q-10-1-0004]; National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, Colorado Nanofabrication Laboratory FX This work was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Micro Cryogenic Cooler Program managed by Dr. Nibir Dhar under Grant NBCHC060052 and Grant W31P4Q-10-1-0004 and in part by the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, Colorado Nanofabrication Laboratory. Subject Editor L. Lin. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1057-7157 J9 J MICROELECTROMECH S JI J. Microelectromech. Syst. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 22 IS 1 BP 244 EP 252 DI 10.1109/JMEMS.2012.2227461 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 086YT UT WOS:000314726900032 ER PT J AU Reddy, PT Jaruga, P Kirkali, G Tuna, G Nelson, BC Dizdaroglu, M AF Reddy, Prasad T. Jaruga, Pawel Kirkali, Gueldal Tuna, Gamze Nelson, Bryant C. Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Identification and Quantification of Human DNA Repair Protein NEIL1 by Liquid Chromatography/Isotope-Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE human DNA repair protein; NEIL1; LC-MS/MS ID OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION; GLYCOSYLASE NEIL1; ENDONUCLEASE-VIII; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; BREAST-CANCER; ENZYME NEIL1; LUNG-CANCER; FORMAMIDOPYRIMIDINES AB Accumulated evidence points to DNA repair capacity as an important factor in cancer and other diseases. DNA repair proteins are promising drug targets and are emerging as prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Thus, the knowledge of the overexpression or underexpression levels of DNA repair proteins in tissues will be of fundamental importance. In this work, mass spectrometric assays were developed for the measurement in tissues of the human DNA repair protein NEIL1 (hNEIL1), which is involved in base excision and nucleotide excision repair pathways of oxidatively induced DNA damage. Liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), in combination with a purified and fully characterized recombinant N-15-labeled analogue of hNEIL1 (N-15-hNEIL1) as an internal standard, was utilized to develop an accurate method for the quantification of hNEILL Both hNEIL1 and N-15-hNEIL1 were hydrolyzed with trypsin, and 18 tryptic peptides from each protein were identified by LC MS/MS on the basis of their full-scan mass spectra. These peptides matched the theoretical peptides expected from trypsin hydrolysis of liNEffil and provided a statistically significant protein score that would unequivocally identify hNEIL1. The product ion spectra of the tryptic peptides from both proteins were recorded, and the characteristic product ions were defined. Selected-reaction monitoring was used to analyze mixtures of hNEIL1 and 15NhNEIL1 on the basis of product ions. Additional confirmation of positive identification was demonstrated via separation of the proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in-gel tryptic digestion followed by LC MS/MS analysis. These results suggest that the developed assays would be highly suitable for the in vivo positive identification and accurate quantification of hNEIL1 in tissues. C1 [Reddy, Prasad T.; Jaruga, Pawel; Kirkali, Gueldal; Tuna, Gamze; Nelson, Bryant C.; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tuna, Gamze] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 61 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1535-3893 J9 J PROTEOME RES JI J. Proteome Res. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 12 IS 2 BP 1049 EP 1061 DI 10.1021/pr301037t PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 084SG UT WOS:000314558800046 PM 23268652 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Rayleigh scattering of a spherical sound wave SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES; AIR INTERFACE; IMAGE THEORY; SEA-SURFACE; TRANSMISSION; FIELD; OBJECT; FISH AB Acoustic Green's functions for a homogeneous medium with an embedded spherical obstacle arise in analyses of scattering by objects on or near an interface, radiation by finite sources, sound attenuation in and scattering from clouds of suspended particles, etc. An exact solution of the problem of diffraction of a monochromatic spherical sound wave on a sphere is given by an infinite series involving products of Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials. In this paper, a simple, closed-form solution is obtained for scattering by a sphere with a radius that is small compared to the wavelength. Soft, hard, impedance, and fluid obstacles are considered. The solution is valid for arbitrary positions of the source and receiver relative to the scatterer. Low-frequency scattering is shown to be rather sensitive to boundary conditions on the surface of the obstacle. Low-frequency asymptotics of the scattered acoustic field are extended to transient incident waves. The asymptotic expansions admit an intuitive interpretation in terms of image sources and reduce to classical results in appropriate limiting cases. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4774277] C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Mail Code R PSD99,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 FU Naval Air Systems Command [N68335-12-C-0104] FX This work was supported, in part, by the Naval Air Systems Command under Contract No. N68335-12-C-0104. Helpful discussions with P. L. Marston, I. M. Fuks, and M. Charnotskii are gratefully acknowledged. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 133 IS 2 BP 709 EP 720 DI 10.1121/1.4774277 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 080TW UT WOS:000314267200020 PM 23363090 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, H Jones, C Klinck, H Mellinger, DK Dziak, RP Meinig, C AF Matsumoto, Haru Jones, Christopher Klinck, Holger Mellinger, David K. Dziak, Robert P. Meinig, Christian TI Tracking beaked whales with a passive acoustic profiler float SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; ECHOLOCATION CLICKS; AMBIENT NOISE; OCEAN AB Acoustic methods are frequently used to monitor endangered marine mammal species. Advantages of acoustic methods over visual ones include the ability to detect submerged animals, to work at night, and to work in any weather conditions. A relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use acoustic float, the QUEphone, was developed by converting a commercially available profiler float to a mobile platform, adding acoustic capability, and installing the ERMA cetacean click detection algorithm of Klinck and Mellinger [(2011). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129(4), 1807-1812] running on a high-power DSP. The QUEphone was tested at detecting Blainville's beaked whales at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC), a Navy acoustic test range in the Bahamas, in June 2010. Beaked whale were present at AUTEC, and the performance of the QUEphone was compared with the Navy's Marine Mammal Monitoring on Navy Ranges (M3R) system. The field tests provided data useful to evaluate the QUEphone's operational capability as a tool to detect beaked whales and report their presence in near-real time. The range tests demonstrated that the QUEphone's beaked whale detections were comparable to that of M3R's, and that the float is effective at detecting beaked whales. (C) 2013 Acoustical Society of America. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4773260] C1 [Matsumoto, Haru; Klinck, Holger; Mellinger, David K.; Dziak, Robert P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Jones, Christopher] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Meinig, Christian] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Matsumoto, H (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Haru.Matsumoto@oregonstate.edu FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-08-1-1198, N00014-08-1-1082, N00014-10-1-0387]; Naval Postgraduate School [N00244-11-1-0026, N00014-11-IP20086] FX We thank David Moretti and Susan Jarvis of NUWC for providing the M3R detection results from AUTEC. We are in debt to the staff of the AUTEC facility and crew of the R/V Ranger for logistic and field operation support. Neil Bogue of the University of Washington (UW), assisted by Angela Wood, made the cruise plan for the joint field operation of UW gliders and Oregon State University (OSU) floats. We are grateful to Dana Swift (UW) for giving many hours of consultation in modifying the APEX float code; Ben Allsup of Teledyne Webb Research Corporation for providing technical assistance during the Kona and AUTEC tests; and Joe Haxel and Matt Fowler of OSU for assisting with deployment and recovery of the float. David Borg-Breen at Computing and Network Services Division of NOAA customized the Iridium data buoy communication protocols for the QUEphone. Logan Williams, an undergraduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, helped with float controller programming during the initial stage. The research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Grants Nos. N00014-08-1-1198, N00014-08-1-1082, and N00014-10-1-0387, and Naval Postgraduate School Grants Nos. N00244-11-1-0026 and N00014-11-IP20086. This is PMEL contribution number 3846. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 29 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 133 IS 2 BP 731 EP 740 DI 10.1121/1.4773260 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 080TW UT WOS:000314267200022 PM 23363092 ER PT J AU Carasso, AS AF Carasso, Alfred S. TI Reconstructing the past from imprecise knowledge of the present: Effective non-uniqueness in solving parabolic equations backward in time SO MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE advection dispersion equation; backward parabolic equations; hydrologic inversion; image deblurring; ill-posed continuation; non-uniqueness; Van Cittert iteration ID POLLUTION SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; HEAT-CONDUCTION PROBLEM; BOUNDARY-ELEMENT METHOD; REGULARIZATION AB Identifying sources of ground water pollution and deblurring astronomical galaxy images are two important applications generating growing interest in the numerical computation of parabolic equations backward in time. However, while backward uniqueness typically prevails in parabolic equations, the precise data needed for the existence of a particular backward solution is seldom available. This paper discusses previously unexplored non-uniqueness issues, originating from trying to reconstruct a particular solution from imprecise data. Explicit 1D examples of linear and nonlinear parabolic equations are presented, in which there is strong computational evidence for the existence of distinct solutions wred(x,t) and wgreen(x,t), on ?0?=?t?=?1. These solutions have the property that the traces wred(x,1) and wgreen(x,1) at time t?=?1 are close enough to be visually indistinguishable, while the corresponding initial values wred(x,0) and wgreen(x,0) are vastly different, well-behaved, physically plausible functions, with comparable L2 norms. This implies effective non-uniqueness in the recovery of wred(x,0) from approximate data for wred(x,1). In all these examples, the Van Cittert iterative procedure is used as a tool to discover unsuspected, valid, additional solutions wgreen(x,0). This methodology can generate numerous other examples and indicates that multidimensional problems are likely to be a rich source of striking non-uniqueness phenomena. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carasso, AS (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alfred.carasso@nist.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0170-4214 J9 MATH METHOD APPL SCI JI Math. Meth. Appl. Sci. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 36 IS 3 BP 249 EP 261 DI 10.1002/mma.2582 PG 13 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 080DO UT WOS:000314221600001 ER PT J AU Baldan, A Ent, H van der Veen, AMH Held, A Ulberth-Buchgraber, M Daroda, RJ da Cunha, VS Wise, SA Schantz, M Brewer, PJ Brown, RJC O'Connor, G AF Baldan, Annarita Ent, Hugo van der Veen, Adriaan M. H. Held, Andrea Ulberth-Buchgraber, Manuela Daroda, Romeu J. da Cunha, Valnei S. Wise, Stephen A. Schantz, Michele Brewer, Paul J. Brown, Richard J. C. O'Connor, Gavin TI The BIOREMA project-part 1: Towards international comparability for biofuel analysis SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Biodiesel; Bio-ethanol; Interlaboratory comparison; Reference material; Comparability AB There is an increasing demand to accurately measure the quality of biofuel products (e.g. biodiesel and bio-ethanol). This demand is driven in Europe by directives promoting the use of renewable sources of energy and worldwide by national and international legislation setting out quality requirements for these fuels. Until now, there has been no international consensus on the minimum technical specifications to ensure biofuel quality. Furthermore, it is unclear which reference materials and measurement techniques are needed to provide the quality assurance and quality control framework to underpin these legislative requirements. As part of the European Commission's 7th Framework Programme, the BIOREMA project (REference MAterials for BIOfuel specifications) demonstrated the feasibility of preparing biodiesel and bio-ethanol reference materials with reference values traceable to the international system of units for a range of parameters at levels relevant to technical specifications. However, the project concluded also that further research is needed to improve the current measurement capabilities for some parameters. Within the BIOREMA project, two global interlaboratory comparisons were carried out, using the biodiesel and bio-ethanol test materials prepared during the feasibility stage of the project, as well as two biodiesel standard reference materials from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA). The exercises showed that the measurement capabilities of the field laboratories were in many cases satisfactory, whereas for other laboratories the availability and regular use of certified reference materials would likely enhance the measurement capabilities for many of the parameters studied. A general overview of the BIOREMA project is presented in this paper. The details of the production of the two types of BIOREMA reference materials, and the results of the interlaboratory comparison for the bio-ethanol and biodiesel study materials, are discussed in parts 2 and 3 of this series of papers. C1 [Baldan, Annarita; Ent, Hugo; van der Veen, Adriaan M. H.] VSL, NL-2629 JA Delft, Netherlands. [Held, Andrea; Ulberth-Buchgraber, Manuela] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Daroda, Romeu J.; da Cunha, Valnei S.] Natl Inst Metrol Qual & Technol INMETRO, Chem Metrol Div, BR-25250020 Duque De Caxias, RJ, Brazil. [Wise, Stephen A.; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Paul J.; Brown, Richard J. C.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [O'Connor, Gavin] LGC, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. RP Ent, H (reprint author), VSL, Thijsseweg 11, NL-2629 JA Delft, Netherlands. EM hent@vsl.nl RI O'Connor, Gavin/D-9767-2016; OI O'Connor, Gavin/0000-0002-7812-6717; Held, Andrea/0000-0002-9337-839X FU European Commission [219081. SRM 2772, SRM 2773] FX The BIOREMA (REference MAterials for BIOfuel specifications) project was sponsored by Directorate General for Mobility and Transport of the European Commission under contract no. 219081. SRM 2772 and SRM 2773, used for the interlaboratory comparison on biodiesel, were kindly donated by NIST. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s00769-012-0946-7 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 077VB UT WOS:000314055600004 ER PT J AU Ulberth-Buchgraber, M Potalivo, M Held, A Baldan, A van der Veen, AMH Ent, H Cunha, VS Daroda, RJ Lang, B Schantz, M Hearn, R Brown, RJC Brewer, PJ AF Ulberth-Buchgraber, Manuela Potalivo, Monica Held, Andrea Baldan, Annarita van der Veen, Adriaan M. H. Ent, Hugo Cunha, Valnei S. Daroda, Romeu J. Lang, Brian Schantz, Michele Hearn, Ruth Brown, Richard J. C. Brewer, Paul J. TI The BIOREMA project-Part 2: International interlaboratory comparison for biodiesel test methods SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE BIOREMA project; Biodiesel test methods; FAME; Interlaboratory comparison; Reference value; Proficiency test ID STABILITY AB The results of an interlaboratory comparison, using various measurement methods to carry out biodiesel testing, are presented and the findings are discussed. The interlaboratory comparison was organised within the framework of an EU-funded project called BIOREMA. A general overview of the project and results of an interlaboratory comparison on bioethanol are published as Part 1 and 2 of this series of papers. In the study presented here, reference values, provided by national metrology institutes and expert laboratories, were used for evaluating the results. Consensus values, derived from the results of all participants, were used to assess any bias between the results from the national metrology institutes and testing laboratories. The emphasis in this interlaboratory comparison was not the performance rating of the individual laboratories, but recognising and interpreting differences caused by the measurement methods applied. For most biodiesel parameters, a good agreement of measurement results was found among different methods, and between the consensus and reference values. The study material was a rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl ester, for which it was demonstrated that it is feasible to prepare and characterise reference materials for biodiesel with well-established reference values for many parameters. C1 [Ulberth-Buchgraber, Manuela; Potalivo, Monica; Held, Andrea] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Baldan, Annarita; van der Veen, Adriaan M. H.; Ent, Hugo] VSL, NL-2629 JA Delft, Netherlands. [Cunha, Valnei S.; Daroda, Romeu J.] Natl Inst Metrol Qual & Technol INMETRO, Chem Metrol Div, BR-25250020 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Lang, Brian; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lang, Brian; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hearn, Ruth] LGC, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Brown, Richard J. C.; Brewer, Paul J.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Ulberth-Buchgraber, M (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IRMM, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. EM manuela.buchgraber@ec.europa.eu OI Held, Andrea/0000-0002-9337-839X FU European Commission [219081] FX The work described in this paper has been carried out within the frame of the BIOREMA project, which has been funded by the Directorate General for Mobility and Transport of the European Commission under contract no. 219081. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 29 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s00769-012-0947-6 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 077VB UT WOS:000314055600005 ER PT J AU van der Veen, AMH Ent, H Baldan, A da Cunha, VS Daroda, RJ Lang, B Schantz, M Ulberth-Buchgraber, M Held, A Hearn, R Brown, RJC Brewer, PJ AF van der Veen, Adriaan M. H. Ent, Hugo Baldan, Annarita da Cunha, Valnei S. Daroda, Romeu J. Lang, Brian Schantz, Michele Ulberth-Buchgraber, Manuela Held, Andrea Hearn, Ruth Brown, Richard J. C. Brewer, Paul J. TI The BIOREMA project-part 3: International interlaboratory comparison for bio-ethanol test methods SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE Biofuel; Bio-ethanol; Interlaboratory comparison; Reference material; Comparability AB The main objective of the reference materials for biofuel specifications (BIOREMA) project is the development of two test materials (one bio-ethanol material and one biodiesel material) with well-established reference values. Of a series of three papers, this part describes the material preparation, homogeneity study, stability study, and characterisation of the bio-ethanol material. The test material thus obtained was used in an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) to assess current practices and comparability amongst laboratories providing bio-ethanol testing services. Only 13 participants provided data, resulting in a small dataset for evaluation. Further, it appeared that for a number of laboratories, there was not sufficient material for the determination of all requested parameters. In most cases, as far as the data permit, it can be concluded that the consensus values (based on participant's results) are in good agreement with the reference or the BIOREMA values (obtained by NMIs participating in the project). For three parameters, namely ethanol content, water content, and density, there is good agreement between the reference and consensus values. For these parameters, the reproducibility standard deviation is close to, or even smaller than, the expanded uncertainty associated with the reference value. A number of parameters show very poor reproducibility, for example, pH(e), electrolytic conductivity, and acidity. The same applies to sodium and copper content, which are very low and therefore challenging parameters to measure accurately. The results of the ILC underpin the need for certified reference materials and demonstrate the requirement for more robust quality control to improve the precision and trueness of the results from testing laboratories. C1 [van der Veen, Adriaan M. H.; Ent, Hugo; Baldan, Annarita] VSL, NL-2629 JA Delft, Netherlands. [da Cunha, Valnei S.; Daroda, Romeu J.] Natl Inst Metrol Qual & Technol INMETRO, Chem Metrol Div, BR-25250020 Xerem Duque De Caxias, RJ, Brazil. [Lang, Brian; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lang, Brian; Schantz, Michele] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ulberth-Buchgraber, Manuela; Held, Andrea] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Hearn, Ruth] LGC, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Brown, Richard J. C.; Brewer, Paul J.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP van der Veen, AMH (reprint author), VSL, Thijsseweg 11, NL-2629 JA Delft, Netherlands. EM avdveen@vsl.nl OI Held, Andrea/0000-0002-9337-839X NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 18 IS 1 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s00769-012-0945-8 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 077VB UT WOS:000314055600006 ER PT J AU Donovan, GH Butry, DT Michael, YL Prestemon, JP Liebhold, AM Gatziolis, D Mao, MY AF Donovan, Geoffrey H. Butry, David T. Michael, Yvonne L. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Liebhold, Andrew M. Gatziolis, Demetrios Mao, Megan Y. TI The Relationship Between Trees and Human Health Evidence from the Spread of the Emerald Ash Borer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; STREET TREES; GREEN SPACE; ASTHMA; INEQUALITIES; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; FOREST; AREAS AB Background: Several recent studies have identified a relationship between the natural environment and improved health outcomes. However, for practical reasons, most have been observational, cross-sectional studies. Purpose: A natural experiment, which provides stronger evidence of causality, was used to test whether a major change to the natural environment-the loss of 100 million trees to the emerald ash borer, an invasive forest pest-has influenced mortality related to cardiovascular and lower-respiratory diseases. Methods: Two fixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the relationship between emerald ash borer presence and county-level mortality from 1990 to 2007 in 15 U. S. states, while controlling for a wide range of demographic covariates. Data were collected from 1990 to 2007, and the analyses were conducted in 2011 and 2012. Results: There was an increase in mortality related to cardiovascular and lower-respiratory-tract illness in counties infested with the emerald ash borer. The magnitude of this effect was greater as infestation progressed and in counties with above-average median household income. Across the 15 states in the study area, the borer was associated with an additional 6113 deaths related to illness of the lower respiratory system, and 15,080 cardiovascular-related deaths. Conclusions: Results suggest that loss of trees to the emerald ash borer increased mortality related to cardiovascular and lower-respiratory-tract illness. This finding adds to the growing evidence that the natural environment provides major public health benefits. (Am J Prev Med 2013; 44(2): 139-145) Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine C1 [Donovan, Geoffrey H.; Gatziolis, Demetrios; Mao, Megan Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, Portland, OR 97205 USA. [Butry, David T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Michael, Yvonne L.] Drexel Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, USDA, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Liebhold, Andrew M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn, USDA, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Donovan, GH (reprint author), US Forest Serv, USDA, PNW Res Stn, 620 SW Main,Suite 400, Portland, OR 97205 USA. EM gdonovan@fs.fed.us RI Liebhold, Andrew/C-1423-2008 OI Liebhold, Andrew/0000-0001-7427-6534 NR 37 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 10 U2 125 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 44 IS 2 BP 139 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.09.066 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 077ZJ UT WOS:000314067600009 PM 23332329 ER PT J AU Sonnerup, RE Mecking, S Bullister, JL AF Sonnerup, Rolf E. Mecking, Sabine Bullister, John L. TI Transit time distributions and oxygen utilization rates in the Northeast Pacific Ocean from chlorofluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Ocean tracers; Biological production; Oxygen utilization rates; Ventilation timescales; North pacific subtropical thermocline; Transit time distributions; Chlorofluorocarbons; Sulfur hexafluoride ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; EUPHOTIC ZONE; STATION ALOHA; WATER; VENTILATION; ATLANTIC; AGES AB Depth profiles of dissolved chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were measured during a September 2008 cruise in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. For each water sample, the two tracers were used in concert to estimate likely mean ages and widths of parameterized 1-D transit time distributions (TTDs). In shallow waters (< 250 m), the TTDs' mean ages were relatively loosely constrained due to the slow decrease of atmospheric CFC-11 since 1994. In the main thermocline (25.0-26.6 sigma(0), similar to 300-550 m), the CFC-11/SF6 tracer pair constrained TTDs' mean ages to within +/- 10%. Deeper than 26.8 sigma(0) (similar to 600 m), SF6 levels in 2008 were too low for the CFC-11/SF6 tracer pair to constrain the TTDs' mean ages. Within the main thermocline of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean (20 degrees-37 degrees N along 152 degrees W), the TIDs' mean ages were used to estimate Oxygen Utilization Rates (OURs) of similar to 11 mu mol kg(-1) yr(-1) on 25.0-25.5 sigma(theta) (similar to 160 m), attenuating to very low rates (0.12 mu mol kg(-1) yr(-1)) by 26.8-27.0 sigma(0) (similar to 600 m). Depth integration of the in-situ OURs implied an average carbon remineralization rate of 1.7 +/- 0.3 mol C m(-2) yr(-1) in this region and depth range, somewhat lower than other independent estimates. Along the 152 degrees W section, depth integrating the apparent OURs implied carbon remineralization rates of 2.5-3.5 mol C m(-2) yr(-1) from 20 degrees N to 30 degrees N, 3.5-4.0 mol C m(-2) yr(-1) from 30 degrees N to 40 degrees N, and 2-2.7 mol C m(-2) yr(-1) north of 45 degrees N. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sonnerup, Rolf E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mecking, Sabine] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sonnerup, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rolf.sonnerup@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD FEB PY 2013 VL 72 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2012.10.013 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 082HL UT WOS:000314382800006 ER PT J AU Vig, J Howe, D AF Vig, John Howe, David TI A One-Kilogram Quartz Resonator as a Mass Standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY; VACUUM; AIR AB The SI unit of mass, the kilogram, is defined by a single artifact, the International Prototype Kilogram. This artifact, the primary mass standard, suffers from long-term instabilities that are neither well understood nor easily monitored. A secondary mass standard consisting of a 1-kg quartz resonator in ultrahigh vacuum is proposed. The frequency stability of such a resonator is likely to be far higher than the mass stability of the primary mass standard. Moreover, the resonator would provide a link to the SI time-interval unit. When compared with a laboratory-grade atomic frequency standard or GPS time, the frequency of the resonator could be monitored, on a continuous basis, with 10(-15) precision in only a few days of averaging. It could also be coordinated, worldwide, with other resonator mass standards without the need to transport the standards. C1 [Howe, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Metrol Grp, Boulder, CO USA. OI Vig, John/0000-0002-2378-0113 NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD FEB PY 2013 VL 60 IS 2 BP 428 EP 431 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2013.2580 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 082CU UT WOS:000314370100019 PM 23357918 ER PT J AU Wang, X Zhou, W Wang, DX Wang, CZ AF Wang, Xin Zhou, Wen Wang, Dongxiao Wang, Chunzai TI The impacts of the summer Asian Jet Stream biases on surface air temperature in mid-eastern China in IPCC AR4 models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE jet stream; surface air temperature; IPCC AR4 ID INTERDECADAL VARIATIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE MODELS; REGIONAL CLIMATE; MONSOON RAINFALL; SST VARIABILITY; WESTERLY JET; PART I; SIMULATIONS; PRECIPITATION AB One of the great model biases in simulating the East Asian summer monsoon are the warming bias of the summer surface air temperature (SAT) in mid-eastern China in the late 1970s. Previous studies have found that the summer equatorward displacement of the Asian Jet Stream (AJS) could result in SAT cooling in mid-eastern China in the past half century. This paper focuses on the relationship of the meridional displacement bias of the Asian Jet Stream (AJS) with the SAT bias in mid-eastern China in 22 IPCC AR4 models. On the basis of 20C3M simulation outputs, the bias analyses show that the summer SAT bias in mid-eastern China are closely linked to the bias of the subtropical upper-level zonal wind around the AJS core. Climatologically, the summer AJS cores in more than half of IPCC models are north of the observed one, and most of models underestimate the intensity of the AJS. Ten models (bccr_bcm2_0, cccma_cgcm3_1_t63, cnrm_cm3, gfdl_cm_2_0, gfdl_cm2_1, ipsl_cm4, miroc3_2_hires, mpi_echam5, ncar_ccsm3_0, and ukmo_hadgem1) are able to capture the AJS meridional displacementthe distinct feature of the summer AJSfor the influences of climate in eastern China. Among these ten models, bccr_bcm2_0, cccma_cgcm3_1_t63, miroc3_2_hires, mpi_echam5 and ncar_ccsm3_0 fail to simu