FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Udovic, TJ Matsuo, M Unemoto, A Verdal, N Stavila, V Skripov, AV Rush, JJ Takamura, H Orimo, S AF Udovic, Terrence J. Matsuo, Motoaki Unemoto, Atsushi Verdal, Nina Stavila, Vitalie Skripov, Alexander V. Rush, John J. Takamura, Hitoshi Orimo, Shin-ichi TI Sodium superionic conduction in Na2B12H12 SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BATTERIES; LI2B12H12; SYSTEM AB Impedance measurements indicate that Na2B12H12 exhibits dramatic Na+ conductivity (on the order of 0.1 S cm(-1)) above its order-disorder phase-transition at approximate to 529 K, rivaling that of current, solid-state, ceramic-based, Na-battery electrolytes. Superionicity may be aided by the large size, quasispherical shape, and high rotational mobility of the B12H122- anions. C1 [Udovic, Terrence J.; Verdal, Nina; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Matsuo, Motoaki; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Unemoto, Atsushi; Orimo, Shin-ichi] Tohoku Univ, WPI Adv Inst Mat Res, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Verdal, Nina; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. [Takamura, Hitoshi] Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM udovic@nist.gov; orimo@imr.tohoku.ac.jp RI ORIMO, Shin-ichi/A-4971-2011; matsuo, motoaki/M-9636-2014; Unemoto, Atsushi/D-3051-2013; Takamura, Hitoshi/B-9514-2014; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI ORIMO, Shin-ichi/0000-0002-4216-0446; matsuo, motoaki/0000-0002-3454-7018; Takamura, Hitoshi/0000-0002-4841-4582; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978, DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-03-00078]; U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) [RUP1-7076-EK-12]; National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement [OISE-9531011]; Integrated Materials Research Center for the Low-Carbon Society (LC-IMR), Tohoku University; Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); JSPS KAKENHI [25220911] FX This work was performed, in part, in collaboration between members of IEA HIA Task 32-Hydrogen-based Energy Storage. The authors gratefully acknowledge support from DOE EERE through Grant No. DE-EE0002978 and DE-AC04-94AL85000; the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No. 12-03-00078; the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) under Award No. RUP1-7076-EK-12; the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. OISE-9531011; the Integrated Materials Research Center for the Low-Carbon Society (LC-IMR), Tohoku University; the Advanced Low Carbon Technology Research and Development Program (ALCA) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST); and JSPS KAKENHI under Grant No. 25220911. The authors also thank Andrew J. Udovic for valuable discussions concerning this work. NR 21 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 65 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2014 VL 50 IS 28 BP 3750 EP 3752 DI 10.1039/c3cc49805k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AD0MF UT WOS:000332927500029 PM 24584582 ER PT J AU Crozier, LG Hutchings, JA AF Crozier, Lisa G. Hutchings, Jeffrey A. TI Plastic and evolutionary responses to climate change in fish SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE adaptation; climate change; evolutionary theory; fisheries management; life-history evolution; phenotypic plasticity ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; COD GADUS-MORHUA; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; FRESH-WATER FISH; FUTURE OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; ZEALAND CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; CORAL-REEF FISHES AB The physical and ecological fingerprints' of anthropogenic climate change over the past century are now well documented in many environments and taxa. We reviewed the evidence for phenotypic responses to recent climate change in fish. Changes in the timing of migration and reproduction, age at maturity, age at juvenile migration, growth, survival and fecundity were associated primarily with changes in temperature. Although these traits can evolve rapidly, only two studies attributed phenotypic changes formally to evolutionary mechanisms. The correlation-based methods most frequently employed point largely to fine-grained' population responses to environmental variability (i.e. rapid phenotypic changes relative to generation time), consistent with plastic mechanisms. Ultimately, many species will likely adapt to long-term warming trends overlaid on natural climate oscillations. Considering the strong plasticity in all traits studied, we recommend development and expanded use of methods capable of detecting evolutionary change, such as the long term study of selection coefficients and temporal shifts in reaction norms, and increased attention to forecasting adaptive change in response to the synergistic interactions of the multiple selection pressures likely to be associated with climate change. C1 [Crozier, Lisa G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Synth, Oslo, Norway. RP Crozier, LG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM lisa.crozier@noaa.gov FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada) FX We thank Andrew Hendry and Juha Merila for initiating this project and providing very helpful editorial guidance, as well as two anonymous reviewers. JAH was supported by funding awarded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada). NR 196 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 31 U2 279 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 SI SI BP 68 EP 87 DI 10.1111/eva.12135 PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA AC7HS UT WOS:000332699400006 PM 24454549 ER PT J AU Nordstrom, MC Currin, CA Talley, TS Whitcraft, CR Levin, LA AF Nordstroem, Marie C. Currin, Carolyn A. Talley, Theresa S. Whitcraft, Christine R. Levin, Lisa A. TI Benthic food-web succession in a developing salt marsh SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Infauna; Recovery; Resource availability; Spartina; Tidal marsh; Trophic relationships ID STABLE-ISOTOPES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; RESTORATION ECOLOGY; PLANT DIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; STABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; WETLAND; PRODUCTIVITY; BIODIVERSITY AB Ecological succession has long been a focal point for research, and knowledge of underlying mechanisms is required if scientists and managers are to successfully promote recovery of ecosystem function following disturbance. We addressed the influence of bottom-up processes on successional assemblage shifts in salt marshes, ecosystems with strong physical gradients, and how these shifts were reflected in the trophic characteristics of benthic fauna. We tracked the temporal development of infaunal community structure and food-web interactions in a young, created salt marsh and an adjacent natural marsh in Mission Bay, California, USA (1996-2003). Macro faunal community succession in created Spartina foliosa habitats occurred rapidly, with infaunal densities reaching 70% of those in the natural marsh after 1 yr. Community composition shifted from initial dominance of insect larvae (surface-feeding microalgivores) to increased dominance of oligo chaetes (subsurface-feeding detritivores) within the first 7 yr. Isotopic labeling of microalgae, N-2-fixing cyanobacteria, S. foliosa and bacteria revealed direct links (or absence thereof) between these basal food sources and specific consumer groups. In combination with the compositional changes in the macroinvertebrate fauna, the trophic patterns indicated an increase in food-web complexity over time, reflecting resource-driven marsh succession. Natural abundance stable isotope ratios of salt marsh consumers (infaunal and epifaunal macroinvertebrates, and fish) initially reflected distinctions in trophic structure between the created and natural marsh, but these diminished during successional development. Our findings suggest that changing resource availability is one of the important drivers of succession in benthic communities of restored wetlands in Southern California. C1 [Nordstroem, Marie C.; Levin, Lisa A.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Currin, Carolyn A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Talley, Theresa S.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Calif Sea Grant Extens Program, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Whitcraft, Christine R.] Calif State Univ, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Levin, Lisa A.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Nordstrom, MC (reprint author), Abo Akad Univ, Dept Biosci Environm & Marine Biol, Artillerigatan 6, Turku 20520, Finland. EM marie.nordstrom@abo.fi RI Nordstrom, Marie/C-8956-2012 OI Nordstrom, Marie/0000-0001-5763-1813 FU NOAA Restoration Center; NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program [R/CZ 125 (NA36RG0537), R/CZ 140 (NA66RG0477), R/CZ 05 PD, R/C 57 PD, R/CZ 173 (NA06RG0142)]; Fulbright Foundation; Stiftelsens fur Abo Akademi Forskningsinstitut FX Our thanks to all who in any way contributed, assisted with fieldwork, sample preparation, sorting and/or analyses over the many years of study. Special thanks are extended to J. Brewer, K. Carman, J. Crooks, P. K. Dayton, J. Gonzalez, G. Mendoza and D. M. Talley. The City of San Diego Parks and Recreation Department and the University of California Natural Reserve System granted access to the study site. We thank several anonymous re viewers of this and past versions of the manuscript for their helpful input. NOAA Restoration Center and NOAA's National Sea Grant College Program, projects R/CZ 125 (NA36RG0537), R/CZ 140 (NA66RG0477), R/CZ 05 PD, R/C 57 PD and R/CZ 173 (NA06RG0142), funded the research. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. M.C.N. was funded by the Fulbright Foundation and Stiftelsens fur Abo Akademi Forskningsinstitut. NR 63 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 9 U2 70 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 500 BP 43 EP U69 DI 10.3354/meps10686 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AD0CA UT WOS:000332900300004 ER PT J AU Miller, K Huettmann, F Norcross, B Lorenz, M AF Miller, Katharine Huettmann, Falk Norcross, Brenda Lorenz, Mitch TI Multivariate random forest models of estuarine-associated fish and invertebrate communities SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Estuaries; Multivariate models; Random forest ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; BIOTIC INTERACTIONS; SEASCAPE STRUCTURE; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; CANCER-MAGISTER; DUNGENESS CRAB; KODIAK ISLAND; REEF FISHES; CLASSIFICATION; REGRESSION AB Models that evaluate species-habitat relationships at the community level have been gaining attention with increasing interest in ecosystem management. Developing models that can incorporate both a large number of predictor variables and a multivariate response (a vector of individual species occurrences or abundances) is challenging. One promising new approach is multivariate random forests (MRF), a method that combines multivariate regression trees with bootstrap resampling and predictor subsampling from traditional random forests. Random forest models have been shown to be highly accurate and powerful in their predictive ability in a wide variety of applications. They can effectively model nonlinear and interacting variables. Our research evaluated change in estuarine assemblage composition along habitat gradients in Southeast Alaska using landscape-scale habitat variables and MRF. For 541 estuaries, we identified 24 predictor variables describing the geomorphic and habitat environment on land and in the estuary. MRF models were constructed in R software for combined fish and invertebrate assemblages. Cluster analysis of model proximities revealed strong spatial variation in community composition in relation to differences in tidal range, precipitation, percent of eelgrass, and amount of intertidal habitat. This research presents a new science-based management template that can be used to inform and assess species management and protection strategies, as well as to guide future research on species distributions. C1 [Miller, Katharine; Lorenz, Mitch] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Huettmann, Falk] Univ Alaska, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Norcross, Brenda] Univ Alaska, Sch Fishery & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. RP Miller, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM katharine.miller@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 500 BP 159 EP 174 DI 10.3354/meps10659 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AD0CA UT WOS:000332900300012 ER PT J AU Kashef, NS Sogard, SM Fisher, R Largier, JL AF Kashef, Neosha S. Sogard, Susan M. Fisher, Rebecca Largier, John L. TI Ontogeny of critical swimming speeds for larval and pelagic juvenile rockfishes (Sebastes spp., family Scorpaenidae) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Dispersal; Sebastes spp.; Rockfish; Larvae; Swimming ID REEF FISH LARVAE; EARLY-LIFE-HISTORY; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; DEPTH DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; UPWELLING REGION; DEMERSAL FISHES; GENUS SEBASTES; MONTEREY BAY AB Understanding the mechanisms that affect larval dispersal is critical to management of marine populations. Rockfishes Sebastes spp. do not settle to benthic habitats immediately after metamorphosis, but instead remain in the water column for weeks to months. Movements of larvae and pelagic juveniles during their months at sea are largely unknown. It is traditionally thought that young rockfishes are planktonic, moving at the mercy of ocean currents, but this assumption is unverified. In this study, swimming capabilities (critical speed) of larval and pelagic juvenile stages of 6 rockfish species (blue [S. mystinus], yellowtail [S. flavidus], brown [S. auriculatus], kelp [S. atrovirens], gopher [S. carnatus], and splitnose [S. diploproa]) were evaluated to determine their ability to behaviorally influence dispersal. Rockfish larvae have critical speeds of 0.5 to 1.8 cm s(-1) (1 to 3 body lengths per second [bl s(-1)]) at parturition, whereas newly settled juveniles are capable of swimming 8.6 to 53.5 cm s(-1) (5 to 9 bl s(-1)). Swimming ability increases throughout ontogeny and postflexion rockfishes can swim faster than typical water motions in their natural habitat (i.e. mean ocean currents off central California). Critical speeds for Sebastes spp. are substantially lower than those for larvae and juveniles of tropical species at similar body sizes. Rockfishes, however, have swimming speeds at settlement comparable to some tropical species, as rockfishes settle at larger sizes. The increasing ability of rockfishes to outswim currents during their pelagic phase (acting as nekton rather than plankton) may promote individual survival as well as enhance retention and/or long-distance dispersal-thus swimming has important implications for population connectivity and sustainability. C1 [Kashef, Neosha S.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Kashef, Neosha S.; Sogard, Susan M.; Fisher, Rebecca] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Fisher, Rebecca] UWA Oceans Inst, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Kashef, NS (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM neosha.kashef@noaa.gov OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731 NR 82 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 500 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.3354/meps10669 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AD0CA UT WOS:000332900300017 ER PT J AU Miller, TW Bosley, KL Shibata, J Brodeur, RD Omori, K Emmett, R AF Miller, Todd W. Bosley, Keith L. Shibata, Junya Brodeur, Richard D. Omori, Koji Emmett, Robert TI Use of mixing models for Humboldt squid diet analysis: Reply to Field et al. (2014) REPLY SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Dosidicus gigas; Stable isotopes; Trophic level; Source production ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; EUPHAUSIID EUPHAUSIA-PACIFICA; STABLE-ISOTOPES; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; DELTA-C-13; CARBON; OREGON; SHELF; OCEAN AB Field et al. (2014; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 500: 281-285) comment on our application of a Bayesian isotope-mixing model (SIAR) to examine the relative contribution of prey from different regions to Dosidicus gigas diet, and point out that our model violated assumptions of D. gigas feeding. We agree in part with their position that the use of SIAR for assessing contributions of sources from different regions for an omnivorous species may be unreliable. However, the results from our study and from the prevailing literature and data indicate that the D. gigas we collected in the Northern California Current (NCC) isotopically matched the NCC baseline and were isotopically distinct from prey resources in the Southern California Current. Field et al.'s (2014) comments on the distribution and abundance of D. gigas in the NCC missed results from the primary literature which show that D. gigas and their purported prey are predominantly distributed along the shelf-slope waters of the NCC, well within the offshore extent of our study. The discrepancy of not finding myctophids as significant sources to D. gigas diet in our study may lie in the fact that our isotope values of myctophids came from adults only, and that smaller conspecifics with lower relative delta N-15 values would have shown a greater contribution from this trophic group. The conclusion we reached of lower trophic level feeding by D. gigas in our study relative to previous diet studies remains valid. C1 [Miller, Todd W.; Shibata, Junya; Omori, Koji] Ehime Univ, Global Ctr Excellence, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. [Bosley, Keith L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Emmett, Robert] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Miller, TW (reprint author), Commonwealth Northern Mariana Isl, Fisheries Res Sect, Div Fish & Wildlife, Saipan, CM 96950 USA. EM toddomiller@gmail.com NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 500 BP 287 EP 290 DI 10.3354/meps10759 PG 4 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AD0CA UT WOS:000332900300021 ER PT J AU Nosal, AP Caillat, A Kisfaludy, EK Royer, MA Wegner, NC AF Nosal, A. P. Caillat, A. Kisfaludy, E. K. Royer, M. A. Wegner, N. C. TI Aggregation behavior and seasonal philopatry in male and female leopard sharks Triakis semifasciata along the open coast of southern California, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Site fidelity; Acoustic telemetry; Sexual segregation; Marine reserve; Passive acoustic tracking; Diel behavior; Water temperature; Photoperiod; Fish aggregation ID SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS; STINGRAYS UROBATIS-HALLERI; TOMALES BAY; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; GINGLYMOSTOMA-CIRRATUM; TEMPERATURE REGULATION; BROWN SMOOTHHOUNDS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS AB This study presents the longest uninterrupted acoustic monitoring record available to date for the leopard shark Triakis semifasciata, providing novel insight into the fine-scale and long-term movement patterns of this species, and demonstrating that both sexes exhibit site-specific aggregation behavior and seasonal philopatry. Twenty females and 13 males were surgically fitted with coded acoustic transmitters and tracked for over 3 yr by underwater acoustic receivers spanning 120 km of coastline from San Clemente, CA, USA to the USA-Mexico border, with 2 receivers positioned at known aggregation sites in La Jolla and Del Mar, CA. Whereas females appeared to be particularly attracted to the La Jolla site, males exhibited strong site fidelity to Del Mar. Shark abundance at both sites was higher during the day than at night, particularly in late afternoon when water temperature was highest. Female abundance in La Jolla was highest in late June through early December, and was strongly positively correlated with sea surface temperature, consistent with the hypothesis that females aggregate in warm water to accelerate gestation. In addition, seasonal arrival of females to and departure from La Jolla were highly synchronous and coincided with the summer and winter solstices, respectively. In contrast, male abundance in Del Mar was highest in late April through early October and was positively correlated with both sea surface temperature and photoperiod. Lastly, both sexes exhibited strong seasonal philopatry, with 50.0% of females and 60.0% of males returning every year to their respective aggregation sites during the 3 yr study period. C1 [Nosal, A. P.; Kisfaludy, E. K.; Wegner, N. C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Caillat, A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kisfaludy, E. K.] Oceans Aloft LLC, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. [Royer, M. A.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Wegner, N. C.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Resource Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Nosal, AP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM anosal@ucsd.edu FU Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP); Integrated Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) [0333444]; National Science Foundation FX We thank the many people that assisted with this project: J. Graham, M. Taylor, M. C. Bernal, A. Martin, L. McCormick, D. Cartamil, N. Ben-Aderet, L. Bellquist, P. Hastings, R. Burton, D. Woodruff, R. Norris, M. Tresguerres, R. Marin, W. Hicks, P. Zerofski, C. McDonald, R. Walsh, D. Huang, C. Jew, A. Hardy, E. Lewallen, A. Randolph, D. Kacev, C. Lowe, K. Lyons, A. Barker, J. Beckman, J. Arce, J. Renfree, M. Cape, E. Parnell, C. Sepulveda, B. Wolfe, M. Espinoza, M. Farris, B. Ahr, R. Freedman, N. C. Lai, J. Garfield, P. Dockry, SeaLife Aquarium Carlsbad, the Birch Aquarium at Scripps, and 3 anonymous reviewers who provided constructive comments. Funding was provided by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Graduate Department, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Environmental Advocates, PADI Foundation, Project AWARE, SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Conservation Fund, VEMCO, and a generous donation from the Bohn Family. We also thank the Scripps Development Office, particularly E. Riblet, M. Darling, and J. Steinitz. Lastly, we thank B. Beltaire and the individuals, families, and local businesses that sponsored leopard sharks: N. Hillgarth, Hughes Family, Posnock Family, Sundt Family, Whitney Family, Royer Family, Coastal Environments La Jolla, Speer Family, Surf Diva, La Jolla Kayak, Morris Family, Ocean Enterprises, Riblet Family, and Bohn Family. A.P.N. was supported by Graduate Research Fellowship Program (GRFP) and Integrated Graduate Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT, No. 0333444) awards from the National Science Foundation. We dedicate this paper to Jeffrey B. Graham, who provided valuable insight and support on this project, but passed away before its completion. NR 74 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 43 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 499 BP 157 EP 175 DI 10.3354/meps10632 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AC0ZW UT WOS:000332225000012 ER PT J AU Thayer, JA Field, JC Sydeman, WJ AF Thayer, Julie A. Field, John C. Sydeman, William J. TI Changes in California Chinook salmon diet over the past 50 years: relevance to the recent population crash SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Diet diversity; Diet composition; Seasonal variation; Decadal variation; Prey availability; SST ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COASTAL MARINE WATERS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CURRENT SYSTEM; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRD; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; FEEDING-HABITS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COHO SALMON; WEST-COAST AB Salmon are affected by variation in ocean productivity; thus, improved understanding of mechanisms behind variability in ocean survival should help management of these ecologically and economically important populations. Based on a cooperative fisheries research program, we compared central California Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha adult food habits from spring and summer in the mid-2000s with historical records from 1955 and the 1980s. Diet diversity decreased through time, and was particularly low in May and June of the 2000s. Previously important prey, including juvenile rockfish Sebastes spp., krill Euphausiidae, Pacific herring Clupea pallesi and market squid Doryteuthis opalsecens, declined or disappeared from the diet, while Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax became very important prey in the 2000s; anchovy Engraulis mordax remained important throughout the study. Diet composition was correlated with regional mid-water trawls of prey abundance and also with local sea surface temperature (SST). Diet composition was related to the Sacramento Index of fall-run Chinook ocean abundance with a lag of 1 or 2 yr, and reflected the importance of prey availability during the second ocean year and smolt ocean-entry period, respectively. Spring is peak ocean entry for fall-run Chinook smolts, so declining prey diversity (specifically in May and June in the mid-2000s) may be related to recent population crashes. Seasonally, winter and fall diet data further demonstrated the sig nificance of temporal variation in specific prey. This study highlights the importance of marine predator-prey interactions at an appropriate temporal resolution for understanding salmonid population dynamics. C1 [Thayer, Julie A.; Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Field, John C.] NOAA, NMFS Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Thayer, JA (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, 101 H St,Suite Q, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM jthayer@faralloninstitute.org NR 66 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 498 BP 249 EP U561 DI 10.3354/meps10608 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AC0ZZ UT WOS:000332225300019 ER PT J AU Bohn, CD Agrawal, A Lee, Y Choi, CJ Davis, MS Haney, PM Lezec, HJ Szalai, VA AF Bohn, Christopher D. Agrawal, Amit Lee, Youngmin Choi, Charles J. Davis, Matthew S. Haney, Paul M. Lezec, Henri J. Szalai, Veronika A. TI Design considerations for enhancing absorption in semiconductors on metals through surface plasmon polaritons SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC SOLAR-CELLS; LIGHT; DEVICES; LIMIT; ENHANCEMENT; EFFICIENCY; CONVERSION; ENERGY; OXIDE; AG AB Surface plasmon polaritons have attracted attention for energy applications such as photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells because of their ability to improve optical absorption in thin films. We show that surface plasmon polaritons enhance absorption most significantly in materials with small positive real permittivity and large positive imaginary permittivity, e.g. organics or CdTe. Additional losses, accounting for dissipation in the metal and the existence of a cutoff frequency above which polaritons are no longer bound, are incorporated into efficiency calculations. Owing to these losses, devices with optical absorption based solely on SPPs will necessarily always have a lower efficiency than that predicted by the ShockleyQueisser limit. Calculations are presented for specific materials, including crystalline and amorphous Si, GaAs, CdTe, a P3HT: PCBM blend, alpha-Fe2O3 and rutile TiO2, as well as for general materials of arbitrary permittivity. Guidelines for selecting absorber materials and determining whether specific materials are good candidates for improving optical absorption with SPPs are presented. C1 [Bohn, Christopher D.; Lee, Youngmin; Haney, Paul M.; Lezec, Henri J.; Szalai, Veronika A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agrawal, Amit; Davis, Matthew S.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Choi, Charles J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bohn, CD (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.bohn@nist.gov; veronika.szalai@nist.gov RI Agrawal, Amit/C-3728-2009 OI Agrawal, Amit/0000-0001-8230-4603 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 53 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 13 BP 6084 EP 6091 DI 10.1039/c4cp00017j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AC4EW UT WOS:000332474700025 PM 24557085 ER PT J AU Thompson, RL Chevallier, F Crotwell, AM Dutton, G Langenfelds, RL Prinn, RG Weiss, RF Tohjima, Y Nakazawa, T Krummel, PB Steele, LP Fraser, P O'Doherty, S Ishijima, K Aoki, S AF Thompson, R. L. Chevallier, F. Crotwell, A. M. Dutton, G. Langenfelds, R. L. Prinn, R. G. Weiss, R. F. Tohjima, Y. Nakazawa, T. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. O'Doherty, S. Ishijima, K. Aoki, S. TI Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; N2O; CO2; VARIABILITY; SOILS; PERFORMANCE; CONVECTION; REANALYSIS; LIFETIMES; HISTORY AB N2O surface fluxes were estimated for 1999 to 2009 using a time-dependent Bayesian inversion technique. Observations were drawn from 5 different networks, incorporating 59 surface sites and a number of ship-based measurement series. To avoid biases in the inverted fluxes, the data were adjusted to a common scale and scale offsets were included in the optimization problem. The fluxes were calculated at the same resolution as the transport model (3.75 degrees longitude x 2.5 degrees latitude) and at monthly time resolution. Over the 11-year period, the global total N2O source varied from 17.5 to 20.1 Tg a(-1) N. Tropical and subtropical land regions were found to consistently have the highest N2O emissions, in particular in South Asia (20 +/- 3% of global total), South America (13 +/- 4 %) and Africa (19 +/- 3 %), while emissions from temperate regions were smaller: Europe (6 +/- 1 %) and North America (7 +/- 2 %). A significant multi-annual trend in N2O emissions (0.045 Tg a(-2) N) from South Asia was found and confirms inventory estimates of this trend. Considerable interannual variability in the global N2O source was observed (0.8 Tg a(-1) N, 1 standard deviation, SD) and was largely driven by variability in tropical and subtropical soil fluxes, in particular in South America (0.3 Tg a(-1) N, 1 SD) and Africa (0.3 Tg a(-1) N, 1 SD). Notable variability was also found for N2O fluxes in the tropical and southern oceans (0.15 and 0.2 Tg a(-1) N, 1 SD, respectively). Interannual variability in the N2O source shows some correlation with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), where El Nino conditions are associated with lower N2O fluxes from soils and from the ocean and vice versa for La Nina conditions. C1 [Thompson, R. L.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Chevallier, F.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Crotwell, A. M.; Dutton, G.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Langenfelds, R. L.; Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.; Fraser, P.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tohjima, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Nakazawa, T.] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Grad Sch Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 9808578, Japan. [O'Doherty, S.; Aoki, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England. [Ishijima, K.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Crotwell, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thompson, RL (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. EM rona.thompson@nilu.no RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Tohjima, Yasunori/F-9975-2016; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Thompson, Rona/0000-0001-9485-7176 FU LSCE computing services; European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme [283576]; Norwegian Research Council [193774] FX We are very grateful for the input and feedback from S. Zaehle, L. Bopp and W. Lahoz. We thank G. van der Werf for use of the GFED data and the EDGAR team for the use of their inventory data. We also acknowledge the support of the LSCE computing services. This work was jointly financed by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (grant agreement no. 283576. MACC-II) and by the Norwegian Research Council (contract no. 193774, SOGG-EA). NR 61 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1801 EP 1817 DI 10.5194/acp-14-1801-2014 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2ZZ UT WOS:000332386100003 ER PT J AU Buffaloe, GM Lack, DA Williams, EJ Coffman, D Hayden, KL Lerner, BM Li, SM Nuaaman, I Massoli, P Onasch, TB Quinn, PK Cappa, CD AF Buffaloe, G. M. Lack, D. A. Williams, E. J. Coffman, D. Hayden, K. L. Lerner, B. M. Li, S. -M. Nuaaman, I. Massoli, P. Onasch, T. B. Quinn, P. K. Cappa, C. D. TI Black carbon emissions from in-use ships: a California regional assessment SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; DIESEL-ENGINES; FUEL QUALITY; CLIMATE; SPEED; SPECTROSCOPY; SENSITIVITY; CALIBRATION AB Black carbon (BC) mass emission factors (EFBC; g BC (kg fuel)(-1)) from a variety of ocean-going vessels have been determined from measurements of BC and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in ship plumes intercepted by the R/V Atlantis during the 2010 California Nexus (CalNex) campaign. The ships encountered were all operating within 24 nautical miles of the California coast and were utilizing relatively low sulphur fuels (average fuel sulphur content of 0.4%, 0.09% and 0.03% for vessels operating slow-speed, medium-speed and high-speed diesel engines, respectively). Black carbon concentrations within the plumes, from which EFBC values are determined, were measured using four independent instruments: a photoacoustic spectrometer and a particle soot absorption photometer, which measure light absorption, and a single particle soot photometer and soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer, which measure the mass concentration of refractory BC directly. These measurements have been used to assess the level of agreement between these different techniques for the determination of BC emission factors from ship plumes. Also, these measurements greatly expand upon the number of individual ships for which BC emission factors have been determined during real-world operation. The measured EFBC's have been divided into vessel type categories and engine type categories, from which averages have been determined. The geometric average EFBC (excluding outliers) determined from over 71 vessels and 135 plumes encountered was 0.31 +/- 0.31 gBC (kg fuel)(-1), where the standard deviation represents the variability between individual vessels. The most frequent engine type encountered was the slow-speed diesel (SSD), and the most frequent SSD vessel type was the cargo ship sub-category. Average and median EFBC values from the SSD category are compared with previous observations from the Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS) in 2006, during which the ships encountered were predominately operating on high-sulphur fuels (average fuel sulphur content of 1.6 %). There is a statistically significant difference between the EFBC values from CalNex and TexAQS for SSD vessels and for the cargo and tanker ship types within this engine category. The CalNex EFBC values are lower than those from TexAQS, suggesting that operation on lower sulphur fuels is associated with smaller EFBC values. C1 [Buffaloe, G. M.; Cappa, C. D.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lack, D. A.; Williams, E. J.; Lerner, B. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lack, D. A.; Williams, E. J.; Lerner, B. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coffman, D.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hayden, K. L.; Li, S. -M.; Nuaaman, I.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Nuaaman, I.] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Massoli, P.; Onasch, T. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; FU US Environmental Protection Agency under a STAR research assistance agreement [RD834558]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310124, NA09AR4310125]; California Air Resources Board; Canadian Federal Government [C12.007]; NSERC FX The authors thank the crew of the R/V Atlantis, without all of whom this study would not have been possible. This work was supported in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency under a STAR research assistance agreement (RD834558), the NOAA Climate Program (including NA09OAR4310124 and NA09AR4310125), the California Air Resources Board, the Canadian Federal Government (PERD Project C12.007) and NSERC. It has not been formally reviewed by the any of the funding agencies. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors, and the funding agencies do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. NR 53 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 34 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1881 EP 1896 DI 10.5194/acp-14-1881-2014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2ZZ UT WOS:000332386100008 ER PT J AU Stith, JL Avallone, LM Bansemer, A Basarab, B Dorsi, SW Fuchs, B Lawson, RP Rogers, DC Rutledge, S Toohey, DW AF Stith, J. L. Avallone, L. M. Bansemer, A. Basarab, B. Dorsi, S. W. Fuchs, B. Lawson, R. P. Rogers, D. C. Rutledge, S. Toohey, D. W. TI Ice particles in the upper anvil regions of midlatitude continental thunderstorms: the case for frozen-drop aggregates SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; WATER; CRYSTALS; CIRRUS; UPDRAFTS AB This study examines the occurrence and morphology of frozen-drop aggregates in thunderstorm anvils from the United States Midwest and describes the environmental conditions where they are found. In situ airborne data collected in anvils using several particle imaging and sizing probes and bulk total water instrumentation during the 2012 Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry experiment are examined for the presence of frozen-drop aggregates. Chains of frozen drops have been only rarely reported before and are hypothesized to aggregate due to electrical forces in the clouds. They were identified in nine of the anvil cases examined to date, suggesting that they are common features in these Midwestern anvils. High concentrations of individual frozen droplets occurred on the tops and edges of one particular set of anvils, while regions closer to the center and bottom of these anvils exhibited fewer frozen drops and more frozen-drop aggregates. Bulk ice water content measurements across these anvils could only be explained by contributions from both small particles (frozen droplets) and large particles (large aggregates of frozen droplets). Dual Doppler radar analysis confirmed the presence of deep and strong (> 15ms(-1)) updrafts in the parent cloud of one of the anvils. These features contrast with previous anvil measurements in tropical/maritime anvils that evidently do not exhibit the same frequency of frozen-drop aggregates. C1 [Stith, J. L.; Bansemer, A.; Rogers, D. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Avallone, L. M.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Basarab, B.; Fuchs, B.; Rutledge, S.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Dorsi, S. W.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dorsi, S. W.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Lawson, R. P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Toohey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stith, JL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM stith@ucar.edu RI Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008 OI Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068 FU National Science Foundation; US National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); National Science Foundation [1104642]; NSF [AGS-1010657] FX NCAR is supported by the National Science Foundation. Thanks are due to the many NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory staff members who contributed to the collection of the data presented here and to helpful comments by J. Haggerty, J. Jensen, J. Vivekanandan, V. Shcerbakov, and an anonymous reviewer. The assistance of J. DiGangi, A. O'Brien, and M. Zondlo of Princeton University, for their assistance with the data processing and quality assurance of the VCSEL data, is acknowledged. The Deep Convective Clouds & Chemistry experiment (DC3) is sponsored by the US National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). The University of Colorado work is supported by the National Science Foundation under award number 1104642. The Colorado State University authors were supported by the NSF grant AGS-1010657 from the Physical and Dynamical Meteorology Program. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1973 EP 1985 DI 10.5194/acp-14-1973-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2ZZ UT WOS:000332386100014 ER PT J AU Grythe, H Strom, J Krejci, R Quinn, P Stohl, A AF Grythe, H. Strom, J. Krejci, R. Quinn, P. Stohl, A. TI A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; MARINE AEROSOL; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; GENERATION FUNCTION; BREAKING WAVES; EMISSIONS; ATLANTIC; SULFATE; FLUXES; OCEAN AB Sea-spray aerosols (SSA) are an important part of the climate system because of their effects on the global radiative budget - both directly as scatterers and absorbers of solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) influencing cloud formation, lifetime, and precipitation. In terms of their global mass, SSA have the largest uncertainty of all aerosols. In this study we review 21 SSA source functions from the literature, several of which are used in current climate models. In addition, we propose a new function. Even excluding outliers, the global annual SSA mass produced spans roughly 3-70 Pg yr(-1) for the different source functions, for particles with dry diameter D-p < 10 mu m, with relatively little interannual variability for a given function. The FLEXPART Lagrangian particle dispersion model was run in backward mode for a large global set of observed SSA concentrations, comprised of several station networks and ship cruise measurement campaigns. FLEXPART backward calculations produce gridded emission sensitivity fields, which can subsequently be multiplied with gridded SSA production fluxes in order to obtain modeled SSA concentrations. This allowed us to efficiently and simultaneously evaluate all 21 source functions against the measurements. Another advantage of this method is that source-region information on wind speed and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) could be stored and used for improving the SSA source function parameterizations. The best source functions reproduced as much as 70% of the observed SSA concentration variability at several stations, which is comparable with "state of the art" aerosol models. The main driver of SSA production is wind, and we found that the best fit to the observation data could be obtained when the SSA production is proportional to U-10(3.5), where U-10 is the source region averaged 10m wind speed. A strong influence of SST on SSA production, with higher temperatures leading to higher production, could be detected as well, although the underlying physical mechanisms of the SST influence remains unclear. Our new source function with wind speed and temperature dependence gives a global SSA production for particles smaller than D-p < 10 mu m of 9 Pg yr(-1), and is the best fit to the observed concentrations. C1 [Grythe, H.; Strom, J.; Krejci, R.] Stockholm Univ, Atmospher Sci Unit, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Grythe, H.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Grythe, H.] Air Qual Res, FMI, Helsinki 00101, Finland. [Krejci, R.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Div Atmospher Sci, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Quinn, P.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Grythe, H (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Atmospher Sci Unit, Dept Appl Environm Sci ITM, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM zhg@nilu.no RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Krejci, Radovan/L-3257-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Krejci, Radovan/0000-0002-9384-9702; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NordForsk as part of the Nordic Centre of Excellence Cryosphere Atmosphere Interactions in an Arctic Changing Climate (CRAICC) FX This work was supported by NordForsk as part of the Nordic Centre of Excellence Cryosphere Atmosphere Interactions in an Arctic Changing Climate (CRAICC). The authors also kindly thank Joseph M. Prospero for sharing his collected data. NOAA PMEL data was made possible, in part, by contributions from NOAA's Climate Program Office. The assistance of P. Eckhardt and A. G. Hjellebrekke with the EBAS database, and EMEP station data suppliers Margaret Ryan (Met. Eiyreann) and W. Aas (NILU) is also acknowledged. NR 64 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1277 EP 1297 DI 10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2ZN UT WOS:000332384900009 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Williams, EJ Lack, DA Buffaloe, GM Coffman, D Hayden, KL Herndon, SC Lerner, BM Li, SM Massoli, P McLaren, R Nuaaman, I Onasch, TB Quinn, PK AF Cappa, C. D. Williams, E. J. Lack, D. A. Buffaloe, G. M. Coffman, D. Hayden, K. L. Herndon, S. C. Lerner, B. M. Li, S. -M. Massoli, P. McLaren, R. Nuaaman, I. Onasch, T. B. Quinn, P. K. TI A case study into the measurement of ship emissions from plume intercepts of the NOAA ship Miller Freeman SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS; PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; BLACK CARBON; COMPREHENSIVE CHARACTERIZATION; AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; DIESEL-ENGINES; MARINE VESSEL AB Emissions factors (EFs) for gas and sub-micron particle-phase species were measured in intercepted plumes as a function of vessel speed from an underway research vessel, the NOAA ship Miller Freeman, operating a medium-speed diesel engine on low-sulfur marine gas oil (fuel sulfur content similar to 0.1% by weight). The low-sulfur fuel in use conforms to the MARPOL fuel sulfur limit within emission control areas set to take effect in 2015 and to California-specific limits set to take effect in 2014. For many of the particle-phase species, EFs were determined using multiple measurement methodologies, allowing for an assessment of how well EFs from different techniques agree. The total sub-micron PM (PM1) was dominated by particulate black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM), with an average POM/BC ratio of 1.3. Consideration of the POM/BC ratios observed here with literature studies suggests that laboratory and in-stack measurement methods may overestimate primary POM EFs relative to those observed in emitted plumes. Comparison of four different methods for black carbon measurement indicates that careful attention must be paid to instrument limitations and biases when assessing EFBC. Particulate sulfate (SO42-) EFs were extremely small and the particles emitted by Miller Freeman were inefficient as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), even at high super saturations, consistent with the use of very low-sulfur fuel and the overall small emitted particle sizes. All measurement methodologies consistently demonstrate that the measured EFs (fuel mass basis) for PM1 mass, BC and POM decreased as the ship slowed. Particle number EFs were approximately constant across the speed change, with a shift towards smaller particles being emitted at slower speeds. Emissions factors for gas-phase CO and formaldehyde (HCHO) both increased as the vessel slowed, while EFs for NOx decreased and SO2 EFs were approximately constant. C1 [Cappa, C. D.; Buffaloe, G. M.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Williams, E. J.; Lack, D. A.; Lerner, B. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Williams, E. J.; Lack, D. A.; Lerner, B. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Herndon, S. C.; Massoli, P.; Onasch, T. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Hayden, K. L.; Li, S. -M.; Nuaaman, I.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [McLaren, R.; Nuaaman, I.] York Univ, Ctr Atmospher Chem, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Coffman, D.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu RI McLaren, Robert/F-5431-2011; Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; FU US Environmental Protection Agency under a STAR [RD834558]; NOAA Climate Program [NA09OAR4310124, NA09AR4310125]; California Air Resources Board; Canadian Federal Government (PERD Project) [C12.007]; NSERC FX The authors thank the crews of the R/V Atlantis and the Miller Freeman, especially the Field Operations Officer on the Miller Freeman P. Murphy, without all of whom this study would not have been possible. This work was supported in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency under a STAR research assistance agreement (RD834558), the NOAA Climate Program (including NA09OAR4310124 and NA09AR4310125), the California Air Resources Board, the Canadian Federal Government (PERD Project C12.007) and NSERC. It has not been formally reviewed by the any of the funding agencies. The views expressed in this document are solely those of the authors, and the funding agencies do not endorse any products or commercial services mentioned in this publication. NR 58 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 45 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1337 EP 1352 DI 10.5194/acp-14-1337-2014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2ZN UT WOS:000332384900012 ER PT J AU Lei, H Wang, JXL AF Lei, H. Wang, J. X. L. TI Sensitivities of NOx transformation and the effects on surface ozone and nitrate SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; EMISSIONS; ATLANTA; MODEL AB As precursors to tropospheric ozone and nitrate, nitrogen oxide (NOx) in the present atmosphere and its transformation in response to emission and climate perturbations are studied by using the CAM-Chem model and air quality measurements from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI), Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), and Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System (EPA AQS). It is found that NOx transformations in present atmospheric conditions show different sensitivities over industrial and non-industrial regions. As a result, the surface ozone and nitrate formations can be divided into several regimes associated with the dominant emission types and relative levels of NOx and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Ozone production in industrial regions (the main NOx emission source areas) increases in warmer conditions and slightly decreases following an increase in NOx emissions due to NOx titration, which is opposite to the response in non-industrial regions. The ozone decrease following a temperature increase in non-industrial regions indicates that ozone production in regions that lack NOx emission sources may be sensitive to NOx transformation in remote source regions. The increase in NO2 from NOx titration over industrial regions results in an increase rate of total nitrate that remains higher than the increase rate of NOx emissions. The presented findings indicate that a change in the ozone concentration is more directly affected by changes in climate and precursor emissions, while a change in the nitrate concentration is affected by local ozone production types and their seasonal transfer. The sensitivity to temperature perturbations shows that a warmer climate accelerates the decomposition of odd nitrogen (NOy) during the night. As a result, the transformation rate of NOx to nitrate decreases. Examinations of the historical emissions and air quality records of a typical NOx-limited area, such as Atlanta and a VOC-limited area, such as Los Angeles further confirm the conclusions drawn from the modeling experiments. C1 [Lei, H.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lei, H.; Wang, J. X. L.] NOAA, Air Resource Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, JXL (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resource Lab, College Pk, MD USA. EM julian.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 FU National Research Council Associateship; NOAA air resources laboratory FX This research was supported by the National Research Council Associateship and the NOAA air resources laboratory. We thank Sasha Madronich for the valuable discussion and results from a study on a similar topic. We also appreciate the help and effort from the editor and the comments from reviewers of this article, which significantly improve the quality of this article. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1385 EP 1396 DI 10.5194/acp-14-1385-2014 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2ZN UT WOS:000332384900015 ER PT J AU Helmig, D Petrenko, V Martinerie, P Witrant, E Rockmann, T Zuiderweg, A Holzinger, R Hueber, J Thompson, C White, JWC Sturges, W Baker, A Blunier, T Etheridge, D Rubino, M Tans, P AF Helmig, D. Petrenko, V. Martinerie, P. Witrant, E. Rockmann, T. Zuiderweg, A. Holzinger, R. Hueber, J. Thompson, C. White, J. W. C. Sturges, W. Baker, A. Blunier, T. Etheridge, D. Rubino, M. Tans, P. TI Reconstruction of Northern Hemisphere 1950-2010 atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID CRITICAL PROPERTIES; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; FIRN AIR; OZONE FORMATION; C-2-C-6 HYDROCARBONS; C2-C5 HYDROCARBONS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; RECENT DECREASES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; CARBON-MONOXIDE AB The short-chain non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) are mostly emitted into the atmosphere by anthropogenic processes. Recent studies have pointed out a tight linkage between the atmospheric mole fractions of the NMHC ethane and the atmospheric growth rate of methane. Consequently, atmospheric NMHC are valuable indicators for tracking changes in anthropogenic emissions, photochemical ozone production, and greenhouse gases. This study investigates the 1950-2010 Northern Hemisphere atmospheric C-2-C-5 NMHC ethane, propane, i-butane, n-butane, i-pentane, and n-pentane by (a) reconstructing atmospheric mole fractions of these trace gases using firn air extracted from three boreholes in 2008 and 2009 at the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) site and applying state-of-the-art models of trace gas transport in firn, and by (b) considering eight years of ambient NMHC monitoring data from five Arctic sites within the NOAA Global Monitoring Division (GMD) Cooperative Air Sampling Network. Results indicate that these NMHC increased by similar to 40-120% after 1950, peaked around 1980 (with the exception of ethane, which peaked approximately 10 yr earlier), and have since dramatically decreased to be now back close to 1950 levels. The earlier peak time of ethane vs. the C-3-C-5 NMHC suggests that different processes and emissions mitigation measures contributed to the decline in these NMHC. The 60 yr record also illustrates notable increases in the ratios of the isomeric iso-/n-butane and iso-/n-pentane ratios. Comparison of the reconstructed NMHC histories with 19502000 volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions data and with other recently published ethane trend analyses from ambient air Pacific transect data showed (a) better agreement with North America and Western Europe emissions than with total Northern Hemisphere emissions data, and (b) better agreement with other Greenland firn air data NMHC history reconstructions than with the Pacific region trends. These analyses emphasize that for NMHC, having atmospheric lifetimes on the order of <2 months, the Greenland firn air records are primarily a representation of Western Europe and North America emission histories. C1 [Helmig, D.; Petrenko, V.; Hueber, J.; Thompson, C.; White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Petrenko, V.] Univ Rochester, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Martinerie, P.] UJF Grenoble CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, Grenoble, France. [Witrant, E.] UJF Grenoble CNRS, St Martin Dheres, France. [Rockmann, T.; Zuiderweg, A.; Holzinger, R.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Sturges, W.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Baker, A.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Blunier, T.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Etheridge, D.; Rubino, M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Tans, P.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu RI Baker, Angela /A-1666-2011; Blunier, Thomas/M-4609-2014; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; Holzinger, Rupert/C-9160-2009; White, James/A-7845-2009; Thompson, Chelsea/L-2302-2015; Rubino, Mauro/Q-5578-2016; Etheridge, David/B-7334-2013; OI Blunier, Thomas/0000-0002-6065-7747; Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Thompson, Chelsea/0000-0002-7332-9945; Rubino, Mauro/0000-0002-8721-4508 FU NOAA Postdoctoral Fellowship in Climate and Global Change; US NSF [0632222, 0806387]; Belgium (FNRS-CFB); Belgium (FWO); Canada (NRCan/GSC); China (CAS); Denmark (FIST); France (IPEV); France (CNRS/INSU); France (CEA); France (ANR); Germany (AWI); Iceland (RannIs); Japan (NIPR); Korea (KOPRI); the Netherlands (NWO/ALW); Sweden (VR); Switzerland (SNF); United Kingdom (NERC); USA (US NSF, Office of Polar Programs); NASA [NNX07AR26G]; NSF [ARC-0713943]; Dutch National Science Foundation (NWO) [016.071.605] FX We thank A. Hollister, CU Boulder, and K. Masarie, NOAA-ESRL, for processing of NOAA/INSTAAR network flask data and J. F. Lamarque, NCAR, for providing the VOC emission estimates data. E. Atlas, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, and D. Worton, University of California (formerly at the University of East Anglia), provided comparative NHMC and CFC measurements from NGRIP firn air. We thank the NEEM team, CPS Polar Services, and the 109th Air National Guard for field logistical support. This project was supported by the NOAA Postdoctoral Fellowship in Climate and Global Change (Petrenko) and US NSF awards 0632222 and 0806387 (White). NEEM is directed and organized by the Center of Ice and Climate at the Niels Bohr Institute and US NSF, Office of Polar Programs. It is supported by funding agencies and institutions in Belgium (FNRS-CFB and FWO), Canada (NRCan/GSC), China (CAS), Denmark (FIST), France (IPEV, CNRS/INSU, CEA and ANR), Germany (AWI), Iceland (RannIs), Japan (NIPR), Korea (KOPRI), the Netherlands (NWO/ALW), Sweden (VR), Switzerland (SNF), the United Kingdom (NERC) and the USA (US NSF, Office of Polar Programs). The in situ NMHC monitoring at Summit was supported by NASA grant NNX07AR26G (Helmig) and NSF grant ARC-0713943 (Helmig). The measurements at Utrecht University were funded by the Dutch National Science Foundation (NWO), grant number 016.071.605. NR 68 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 44 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 3 BP 1463 EP 1483 DI 10.5194/acp-14-1463-2014 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2ZN UT WOS:000332384900020 ER PT J AU Gronewold, AD Stow, CA AF Gronewold, Andrew D. Stow, Craig A. TI Unprecedented Seasonal Water Level Dynamics on One of the Earth's Largest Lakes SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; GREAT-LAKES; TRENDS; MANAGEMENT; SENTINELS; RESOURCE; RECORD; CYCLE C1 [Gronewold, Andrew D.; Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Gronewold, AD (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM drew.gronewold@noaa.gov OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX The authors thank Tim Hunter, Anne Clites, and Kent Campbell for assistance with data compilation and analysis. The authors also thank Jacob Bruxer, Rob Caldwell, and Lauren Fry for comments on early versions of this essay. Funding for this essay was provided, in part, by the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (administered by the Environmental Protection Agency). This is NOAA-GLERL contribution No. 1665. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 15 EP 17 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00194.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8NL UT WOS:000332047200004 ER PT J AU Chiu, CH Noe, RS Martin, JP Wolkin, AF Vagi, SJ AF Chiu, Cindy H. Noe, Rebecca S. Martin, John Paul Wolkin, Amy F. Vagi, Sara J. TI The Use of Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response to Evaluate NWS Warnings SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Chiu, Cindy H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Noe, Rebecca S.; Vagi, Sara J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Martin, John Paul] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NWS Weather Forecast Off, Bismarck, ND USA. [Wolkin, Amy F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Disaster Epidemiol & Response Team, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chiu, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mississippi F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cchiu@cdc.gov OI Chiu, Cindy H/0000-0003-2226-2776 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 18 EP 21 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00123.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8NL UT WOS:000332047200005 PM 27293241 ER PT J AU Vano, JA Udall, B Cayan, DR Overpeck, JT Brekke, LD Das, T Hartmann, HC Hidalgo, HG Hoerling, M McCabe, GJ Morino, K Webb, RS Werner, K Lettenmaier, DP AF Vano, Julie A. Udall, Bradley Cayan, Daniel R. Overpeck, Jonathan T. Brekke, Levi D. Das, Tapash Hartmann, Holly C. Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hoerling, Martin McCabe, Gregory J. Morino, Kiyomi Webb, Robert S. Werner, Kevin Lettenmaier, Dennis P. TI Understanding Uncertainties in Future Colorado River Streamflow SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; SOUTHWESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; 21ST-CENTURY DROUGHT; MODEL PROJECTIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CHANGING CLIMATE; WATER-RESOURCES; VARIABILITY; RECONSTRUCTIONS AB The Colorado River is the primary water source for more than 30 million people in the United States and Mexico. Recent studies that project streamf low changes in the Colorado River all project annual declines, but the magnitude of the projected decreases range from less than 10% to 45% by the mid-twenty-first century. To understand these differences, we address the questions the management community has raised: Why is there such a wide range of projections of impacts of future climate change on Colorado River streamflow, and how should this uncertainty be interpreted? We identify four major sources of disparities among studies that arise from both methodological and model differences. In order of importance, these are differences in 1) the global climate models (GCMs) and emission scenarios used; 2) the ability of land surface and atmospheric models to simulate properly the high-elevation runoff source areas; 3) the sensitivities of land surface hydrology models to precipitation and temperature changes; and 4) the methods used to statistically downscale GCM scenarios. In accounting for these differences, there is substantial evidence across studies that future Colorado River streamflow will be reduced under the current trajectories of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions because of a combination of strong temperature-induced runoff curtailment and reduced annual precipitation. Reconstructions of preinstrumental streamflows provide additional insights; the greatest risk to Colorado River streamf lows is a multidecadal drought, like that observed in paleoreconstructions, exacerbated by a steady reduction in flows due to climate change. This could result in decades of sustained streamflows much lower than have been observed in the ~100 years of instrumental record. C1 [Vano, Julie A.; Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Udall, Bradley] Univ Colorado, Western Water Assessment, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.; Das, Tapash; Hidalgo, Hugo G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Atmospher Sci & Phys Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Cayan, Daniel R.] US Geol Survey, La Jolla, CA USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Environm, Tucson, AZ USA. [Brekke, Levi D.] US Bur Reclamat, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Hartmann, Holly C.] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Hoerling, Martin; Webb, Robert S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [McCabe, Gregory J.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Morino, Kiyomi] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Werner, Kevin] Colorado Basin River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Lettenmaier, DP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dennisl@uw.edu OI Hidalgo, Hugo/0000-0003-4638-0742 FU NOAA through its Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) cross-center project; California Nevada Applications Program (CNAP); Climate Impacts Group (CIG); Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS); Western Water Assessment (WWA); NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System; Climate Impacts Research Consortium (CIRC) RISA FX The authors thank Niklas Christensen, David Meko, James Prairie, Drew Peterson, Cody Routson, and Connie Woodhouse for their assistance, and numerous water managers for their encouragement to write a synthesis paper. We also thank Richard Seager from Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Steve Markstrom from the U.S. Geological Survey, and three anonymous reviewers for their feedback. The research was funded by NOAA through its Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) cross-center project that included the California Nevada Applications Program (CNAP), the Climate Impacts Group (CIG), Climate Assessment for the Southwest (CLIMAS), and the Western Water Assessment (WWA) and NOAA's National Integrated Drought Information System. Additional support has been provided by the Climate Impacts Research Consortium (CIRC) RISA. NR 73 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 45 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 59 EP 78 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00228.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8NL UT WOS:000332047200010 ER PT J AU Demargne, J Wu, LM Regonda, SK Brown, JD Lee, H He, MX Seo, DJ Hartman, R Herr, HD Fresch, M Schaake, J Zhu, YJ AF Demargne, Julie Wu, Limin Regonda, Satish K. Brown, James D. Lee, Haksu He, Minxue Seo, Dong-Jun Hartman, Robert Herr, Henry D. Fresch, Mark Schaake, John Zhu, Yuejian TI The Science of NOAA's Operational Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; MODEL OUTPUT STATISTICS; FLOOD ALERT SYSTEM; STREAMFLOW PREDICTION; DATA ASSIMILATION; BIAS CORRECTION; NONPARAMETRIC POSTPROCESSOR; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; SOIL-MOISTURE AB NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) is implementing a short- to long-range Hydrologic Ensemble Forecast Service (HEFS). The HEFS addresses the need to quantify uncertainty in hydrologic forecasts for flood risk management, water supply management, streamflow regulation, recreation planning, and ecosystem management, among other applications. The HEFS extends the existing hydrologic ensemble services to include short-range forecasts, incorporate additional weather and climate information, and better quantify the major uncertainties in hydrologic forecasting. It provides, at forecast horizons ranging from 6 h to about a year, ensemble forecasts and verification products that can be tailored to users' needs. Based on separate modeling of the input and hydrologic uncertainties, the HEFS includes 1) the Meteorological Ensemble Forecast Processor, which ingests weather and climate forecasts from multiple numerical weather prediction models to produce bias-corrected forcing ensembles at the hydrologic basin scales; 2) the Hydrologic Processor, which inputs the forcing ensembles into hydrologic, hydraulic, and reservoir models to generate streamflow ensembles; 3) the hydrologic Ensemble Postprocessor, which aims to account for the total hydrologic uncertainty and correct for systematic biases in streamflow; 4) the Ensemble Verification Service, which verifies the forcing and streamflow ensembles to help identify the main sources of skill and error in the forecasts; and 5) the Graphics Generator, which enables forecasters to create a large array of ensemble and related products. Examples of verification results from multiyear hind-casting illustrate the expected performance and limitations of HEFS. Finally, future scientific and operational challenges to fully embrace and practice the ensemble paradigm in hydrology and water resources services are discussed. C1 [Demargne, Julie; Wu, Limin; Regonda, Satish K.; He, Minxue; Herr, Henry D.; Fresch, Mark] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Demargne, Julie] HYDRIS Hydrol, St Mathieu De Treviers, France. [Wu, Limin; Lee, Haksu] LEN Technol, Oak Hill, VA USA. [Regonda, Satish K.; He, Minxue] Riverside Technol Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Brown, James D.] Hydrol Solut Ltd, Southampton, Hants, England. [Lee, Haksu] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Civil Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Hartman, Robert] NOAA, Calif Nevada River Forecast Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. [Zhu, Yuejian] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, College Pk, MD USA. RP Demargne, J (reprint author), 5 Ave Grand Chene, F-34270 St Mathieu De Treviers, France. EM julie@demargne.com FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) Program; Climate Predictions Program for the Americas of the Climate Program Office FX This work has been supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) through the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service (AHPS) Program and the Climate Predictions Program for the Americas of the Climate Program Office. The research and development of HEFS over the last decade has involved multiple scientists and forecasters from the Office of Hydrologic Development and the RFCs. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Yuqiong Liu for her valuable contribution and three anonymous reviewers. NR 81 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 39 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 79 EP 98 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00081.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8NL UT WOS:000332047200011 ER PT J AU Lewis, JM AF Lewis, John M. TI Edward Epstein's Stochastic-Dynamic Approach to Ensemble Weather Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PREDICTABILITY; UNCERTAINTY; FORECASTS; MODEL; TURBULENCE; EQUATIONS; SKILL; FLOW AB In the late 1960s, well before the availability of computer power to produce ensemble weather forecasts, Edward Epstein (1931-2008) developed a stochastic-dynamic prediction (SDP) method for calculating the temporal evolution of mean value, variance, and covariance of the model variables: the statistical moments of a time-varying probability density function that define an ensemble forecast. This statistical-dynamical approach to ensemble forecasting is an alternative to the Monte Carlo formulation that is currently used in operations. The stages of Epstein's career that led to his development of this methodology are presented with the benefit of his oral history and supporting documentation that describes the retreat of strict deterministic weather forecasting. The important follow-on research by two of Epstein's proteges, Rex Fleming and Eric Pitcher, is also presented. A low-order nonlinear dynamical system is used to discuss the rudiments of SDP and Monte Carlo and to compare these approximate methods with the exact solution found by solving Liouville's equation. Graphical results from these various methods of solution are found in the main body of the paper while mathematical development is contained in an online supplement. The paper ends with a discussion of SDP's strengths and weaknesses and its possible future as an operational and research tool in probabilistic-dynamic weather prediction. C1 [Lewis, John M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Lewis, John M.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Lewis, JM (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jlewis@dri.edu NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 99 EP 116 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00036.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8NL UT WOS:000332047200012 ER PT J AU Moore, FL Ray, EA Rosenlof, KH Elkins, JW Tans, P Karion, A Sweeney, C AF Moore, Fred L. Ray, Eric A. Rosenlof, Karen H. Elkins, James W. Tans, Pieter Karion, Anna Sweeney, Colm TI A Cost-Effective Trace Gas Measurement Program for Long-Term Monitoring of the Stratospheric Circulation SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; WATER-VAPOR; POLAR VORTEX; TRANSPORT; AIR; AGE; CLIMATE; TRENDS; IMPACT; VARIABILITY AB A stratospheric trace gas measurement program using balloon-based sonde and AirCore sampler techniques is proposed as a way to monitor the strength of the stratospheric mean meridional or Brewer-Dobson circulation. Modeling work predicts a strengthening of the Brewer-Dobson circulation in response to increasing greenhouse gas concentrations; such a change will likely impact tropospheric climate. Because the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation is an unmeasureable quantity, trace gas measurements are used to infer characteristics of the circulation. At present, stratospheric trace gas measurements are sporadic in time and/or place, primarily associated with localized aircraft or balloon campaigns or relatively short-lived satellite instruments. This program would consist of regular trace gas profile measurements taken at multiple latitudes covering tropical, midlatitude, and polar regimes. The program would make use of the relatively low-cost AirCore and sonde techniques, allowing more frequent measurements given the significantly lower cost than with current techniques. The program will provide a means of monitoring changes in the strength and redistribution of the stratospheric circulation. The goals are to monitor the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and to improve understanding of the reasons for stratospheric circulation changes, ultimately resulting in more realistic model predictions of climate change for the coming decades. C1 [Moore, Fred L.; Ray, Eric A.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Elkins, James W.; Tans, Pieter; Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moore, Fred L.; Ray, Eric A.; Karion, Anna; Sweeney, Colm] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ray, EA (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric.ray@noaa.gov RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; FU NASA's Upper Atmospheric Research Program FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. JWE and FLM would like to acknowledge support from the NOAA UAS Program Office to develop instrumentation to return the AirCore to a predetermined landing site by small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) instead of an uncontrolled landing site by parachute. Salary support for FLM came from NASA's Upper Atmospheric Research Program. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00153.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8NL UT WOS:000332047200015 ER PT J AU Quattrini, AM Etnoyer, PJ Doughty, C English, L Falco, R Renion, N Rittinghouse, M Cordes, EE AF Quattrini, Andrea M. Etnoyer, Peter J. Doughty, Cheryl English, Lisa Falco, Rosalia Renion, Natasha Rittinghouse, Matthew Cordes, Erik E. TI A phylogenetic approach to octocoral community structure in the deep Gulf of Mexico SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Deep-Sea Corals (ISDSC5) CY APR 01-06, 2012 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS DE Phylogeny; Species diversity; Community composition; Deep-sea; Coral ID WATER GORGONIAN CORALS; MITOCHONDRIAL GENOME; COLD SEEPS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SPECIES RICHNESS; NEW-ENGLAND; ANTHOZOA; DIVERSITY; SEA; ATLANTIC AB Deep-sea communities are becoming increasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances, as fishing, hydrocarbon exploration and extraction, and mining activities extend into deeper water. Negative impacts from such activities were recently documented in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), where the Deepwater Horizon oil spill caused substantial damage to a deep-water octocoral community. Although a faunal checklist and numerous museum records are currently available for the entire GoM, local-scale diversity and assemblage structure of octocoral communities remains unknown, particularly in deep water. On a series of recent cruises (2008-2011) using remotely operated vehicles, 435 octocorals were collected from 33 deep-water sites (250-2500 m) in the northern GoM. To elucidate species boundaries, the extended mitochondrial barcode (COI+igr1+msh) was successfully amplified and sequenced for 422 of these specimens, yielding a total of 64 haplotypes representing at least 52 species. Further, at least 29% of the species collected were either previously not known to occur in the GoM (12 species) or represent new species (at least three species). Overall, species richness at each site was fairly low (1-12 spp.). The greatest species richness occurred at the shallowest ( <325 m: GC140, n=8 spp.) and the deepest (2100 2500 m: DC673, n=12 spp., DC583, n=10 spp.) sites, and minimum taxonomic and phylogenetic (Faith's Index) diversity was evident at 600-950 m. This pattern is the opposite of the typical pattern of deep-sea diversity in the GoM, which normally peaks at mid-slope depths. Sorensen's Index of taxonomic beta-diversity indicated that six distinct (65-95% dissimilarity) species assemblages corresponded with five depth breaks at similar to 325, 425, 600, 1100, and 2100 m. Further assemblage structure was observed within certain depth zones. Of note, within the 425-600 m depth range, species assemblages at the West Florida Slope differed from the other sites, corresponding to an established biogeographic barrier. The phylogenetic approach used in this study provided important insights into the species boundaries of many taxa while demonstrating that evolutionary history plays a critical role in community structure of deep-sea octocorals. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Quattrini, Andrea M.; Doughty, Cheryl; English, Lisa; Falco, Rosalia; Renion, Natasha; Cordes, Erik E.] Temple Univ, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Etnoyer, Peter J.] NOAA Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Rittinghouse, Matthew] JHT Inc, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. RP Quattrini, AM (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Biol, 1900 N 12th St, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM andrea.quattrini@temple.edu OI Cordes, Erik/0000-0002-6989-2348 FU The Bureau of Ocean Energy and Management; NOAA-OER [M08PC20038]; NSF RAPID program [1045079]; NOAA Damage Assessment, Response, and Restoration Program; Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship program; Lerner-Gray grant for marine research FX The Bureau of Ocean Energy and Management and NOAA-OER provided funding for this study through contract #M08PC20038 to TDI-Brooks International. Funding, also provided by the NSF RAPID program (award #1045079), and the NOAA Damage Assessment, Response, and Restoration Program. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its sub-agencies. Funding was provided to A.M. Q from the Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship program and the Lerner-Gray grant for marine research. Particular thanks to C. Fisher, T. Shank, J. Brooks, and TDI-Brooks for support. We would also like to thank the USGS Terrestrial, Marine, and Freshwater Environments-Outer Continental Shelf Studies Program for cruise participation and collections. Thanks to W. Cho, A. Demopoulos, A. Freestone, K. lives, J. Lunden, C. Morrison, M. Nizinski, K. Reuter, D. Ruiz, and S. Ross for various contributions. Thanks to the crews of the Cordes, Shank, and Fisher labs and the crews of the ROV Jason, ROV Seaview, and HOV Alvin for offshore support. Thanks to S. Morton and A. Shuler at NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research for SEM support. Finally, thanks to O. Breedy, S. Cairns, S. France, S. Herrera, B. Horvath, C. McFadden, K. Moore, J. Thoma, J. Sanchez, L Watling, L. van Ofwegen, and S. Vargas for various taxonomic help. NR 83 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 99 SI SI BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.05.027 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AC0OL UT WOS:000332194500011 ER PT J AU Chepurin, GA Carton, JA Leuliette, E AF Chepurin, Gennady A. Carton, James A. Leuliette, Eric TI Sea level in ocean reanalyses and tide gauges SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE sea level; reanalysis; tide gauge; synthesis ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; ENSEMBLE; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; PACIFIC; PROJECT; SYSTEM; MODEL; COAST AB Previous studies have noted the presence of interannual to multidecadal variability in tide gauge sea level records which is correlated with meteorological variability and which can overwhelm the signal associated with global sea level rise. This study examines the usefulness of using a set of seven ocean reanalysis and synthesis products in studies of sea level variability by comparing the tide gauges and reanalysis products at a representative set of 87 tide gauge station locations. The comparison is carried out for both a half-century base period and a century long-extended period. Treating the set of products as an ensemble of realizations obtained using different techniques, the results show generally good agreement for the half-century period with ensemble average correlations of 0.57 and RMS differences of 2.2 cm, reducing to a correlation of 0.5 for the extended period. A significant fraction of the difference between tide gauge sea level and product sea level is associated with meteorological forcing. These results support the conclusion that much of the interannual to multidecadal variability that appears in the tide gauge records is meteorologically driven. This suggests that ocean products have potential to be used to isolate this variability from the signal associated with the underlying global sea level rise. Key Points Reanalysis/synthesis and tide gauge sea level are consistent during 1950-2011 The comparison during the century-long extended period is nearly as good Comparison among reanalysis/synthesis sea level products show similar results C1 [Chepurin, Gennady A.; Carton, James A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leuliette, Eric] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. RP Carton, JA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM carton@atmos.umd.edu RI Leuliette, Eric/D-1527-2010; carton, james/C-4807-2009 OI Leuliette, Eric/0000-0002-3425-4039; carton, james/0000-0003-0598-5198 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation [OCE-1233942] FX We gratefully acknowledge the help and support of Laury Miller of the NOAA Laboratory for Satellite Altimetry, Benjamin Johnson, and Bruce Douglas. This work would not have been possible without the generosity of the various reanalysis/synthesis groups in making their products available as well as the National Oceanography Centre Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level for providing the tide gauge records used in this study (Holgate et al., 2013). Financial support for this research has been provided to by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Science Foundation (OCE-1233942). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 147 EP 155 DI 10.1002/2013JC009365 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AB6DZ UT WOS:000331879100010 ER PT J AU Romanov, YA Romanova, NA Romanov, P AF Romanov, Yury A. Romanova, Nina A. Romanov, Peter TI Changing effect of El Nino on Antarctic iceberg distribution: From canonical El Nino to El Nino Modoki SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE Antarctic icebergs; El Nino ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; PACIFIC RIM; CLIMATE; ANOMALIES; ENSO; ICE; PRECIPITATION; HEMISPHERE; PRESSURE AB Earlier studies indicate that during El Nino events the iceberg concentration increases in the east of the Pacific sector and in the west of the Atlantic sector of Southern Ocean, but decreases in the center of the Pacific sector. During La Nina the pattern of the iceberg concentration anomalies in these regions reverses. This iceberg redistribution is explained by anomalous winds and currents around an extensive positive atmospheric pressure anomaly that typically develops in the South-East Pacific during the warm El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase. In this study, the results of iceberg observations during two cruises of the r/v Akademik Fedorov in Antarctica in January-February 2008 (La Nina) and 2010 (El Nino) have been used to examine the consistency of changes in the iceberg distribution in the Southern Ocean related to El Nino events. The analysis of these observations has shown that in the Pacific Sector of Antarctica changes in the iceberg distribution between 2008 and 2010 followed the scenario outlined above and thus could be associated with the ENSO phase change. Contrary to earlier observations, the iceberg concentration in the Atlantic sector of Antarctica did not increase during 2010 El Nino. The latter is explained by a noncanonical type of 2010 El Nino, El Nino Modoki, and associated atmospheric circulation pattern different from the canonical El Nino. Further analysis has shown that a more frequent occurrence of El Nino Modoki in recent years have resulted in weaker links between El Nino events and the Antarctic iceberg distribution. Key Points Canonical El Nino substantially affects the Antarctic iceberg distribution The effect of the new type of El-Nino-El-Nino Modoki on the iceberg distribution is less distinct than the one of the canonical El Nino C1 [Romanov, Yury A.; Romanova, Nina A.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia. [Romanov, Peter] CUNY, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr NO, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Romanov, YA (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Inst Oceanol, Moscow, Russia. EM romanov@ocean.ru RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Romanov, Yury/S-6708-2016 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; Romanov, Yury/0000-0002-3259-4267 NR 48 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 595 EP 614 DI 10.1002/2013JC009429 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AB6DZ UT WOS:000331879100042 ER PT J AU Kilgour, MJ Auster, PJ Packer, D Purcell, M Packard, G Dessner, M Sherrell, A Rissolo, D AF Kilgour, Morgan J. Auster, Peter J. Packer, David Purcell, Michael Packard, Gregory Dessner, Michael Sherrell, Andrew Rissolo, Dominique TI Use of AUVs to Inform Management of Deep-Sea Corals SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE imaging; sonar vulnerable species; seamount; assessment ID PREDICTING SUITABLE HABITAT; WATER CORAL; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; ATLANTIC; SUITABILITY; SHELF; FLOOR AB National and international obligation to protect vulnerable species, communities, habitats, and ecosystems (VSCHEs) require greater attention as human uses extent to deeper water. These obligations increase the need for improved understanding of the distribution and abundance of VSCHEs to develop management actions. Data from low speed vehicles that operate at the seafloor (e.g. remotely operated vehicles camera sleds) predominate, These "low and slow approaches while providing high-resolution data do not operate at the scale required for management. We suggest autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) flown at relatively high altitude and high speed over the seafloor as a high and fast approach to survey areas at the scale fisheries and other activities operate. We used REMUS 6000 AUVs to collect presence data for VSCHEs in a rapid assessment on Physalia Seamount AUVs were programmed to collect digital images side-scan sonar (120.410 kHz); and environmental parameters and could navigate a 40 degrees slope. Our preliminary results of this approach predicated on the assumption that coarse taxonomic resolution is adequate for management needs indicates AUVs can be effective tools for large area surveys in short time periods. C1 [Kilgour, Morgan J.; Auster, Peter J.] Univ Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Packer, David] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ USA. [Purcell, Michael; Packard, Gregory] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Dessner, Michael; Rissolo, Dominique] Waitt Inst, La Jolla, CA USA. [Sherrell, Andrew] Sherrell Ocean Serv, Indian Harbor Beach, FL USA. RP Kilgour, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM Morgan.Kilgour@gmail.com FU Waitt Institute FX We thank the Waitt Institute for funding this project. The authors are grateful to the captains and crew of the MV Scarlett Isabella and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Waitt Institute REMUS 6000 team, N. McPhee, W. Sellers, M. Dennett, and T. Smith. We appreciate the efforts of the National Resource Defense Council for spear-heading this collaboration. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Waitt Institute or of any of the associated organizations. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 EI 1948-1209 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 21 EP 27 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA AB6SH UT WOS:000331919300003 ER PT J AU Smeed, DA McCarthy, GD Cunningham, SA Frajka-Williams, E Rayner, D Johns, WE Meinen, CS Baringer, MO Moat, BI Duchez, A Bryden, HL AF Smeed, D. A. McCarthy, G. D. Cunningham, S. A. Frajka-Williams, E. Rayner, D. Johns, W. E. Meinen, C. S. Baringer, M. O. Moat, B. I. Duchez, A. Bryden, H. L. TI Observed decline of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 2004-2012 SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID FLORIDA CURRENT TRANSPORT; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; TROPICAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; 25-DEGREES N; VARIABILITY; 26.5-DEGREES-N; SECTIONS; OCEAN; PERFORMANCE AB The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been observed continuously at 26A degrees N since April 2004. The AMOC and its component parts are monitored by combining a transatlantic array of moored instruments with submarine-cable-based measurements of the Gulf Stream and satellite derived Ekman transport. The time series has recently been extended to October 2012 and the results show a downward trend since 2004. From April 2008 to March 2012, the AMOC was an average of 2.7 Sv (1 Sv = 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) weaker than in the first four years of observation (95% confidence that the reduction is 0.3 Sv or more). Ekman transport reduced by about 0.2 Sv and the Gulf Stream by 0.5 Sv but most of the change (2.0 Sv) is due to the mid-ocean geostrophic flow. The change of the mid-ocean geostrophic flow represents a strengthening of the southward flow above the thermocline. The increased southward flow of warm waters is balanced by a decrease in the southward flow of lower North Atlantic deep water below 3000 m. The transport of lower North Atlantic deep water slowed by 7% per year (95% confidence that the rate of slowing is greater than 2.5% per year). C1 [Smeed, D. A.; McCarthy, G. D.; Rayner, D.; Moat, B. I.; Duchez, A.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Cunningham, S. A.] Scottish Marine Inst Oban, Scottish Assoc Marine Sci, Oban PA37 1QA, Argyll, Scotland. [Frajka-Williams, E.; Bryden, H. L.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Johns, W. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Meinen, C. S.; Baringer, M. O.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Smeed, DA (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM das@noc.ac.uk RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/H-2415-2011; OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194; Frajka-Williams, Eleanor/0000-0001-8773-7838; Smeed, David/0000-0003-1740-1778 FU European Commission in the 7th Framework Programme for Research through the NACLIM project [308299]; Scottish Funding Council through the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland programme [HR09011] FX The 26 degrees N array is a collaborative effort supported through the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) RAPID-WATCH program, the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Meridional Overturning Circulation Heat-flux Array project, and the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Western Boundary Time Series project. Data from the RAPID-WATCH & MOCHA projects are freely available from www.rapid.ac.uk/rapidmoc and www.rsmas.miami.edu/users/mocha. Florida Current transports estimates are available from www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/floridacurrent. Additional support is received from the European Commission in the 7th Framework Programme for Research through the NACLIM project (Grant Agreement 308299). Stuart Cunningham is supported by the Scottish Funding Council (Grant Reference HR09011) through the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland programme. Special thanks to the officers, crew, technical and science parties involved in the hydrographic data collection and mooring deployment and recovery operations. Data for the NAO and AMO indices were downloaded from http://stateoftheocean.osmc.noaa.gov. NR 41 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 9 U2 53 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 29 EP 38 DI 10.5194/os-10-29-2014 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AC2GB UT WOS:000332316200003 ER PT J AU Tennyson, J Bernath, PF Brown, LR Campargue, A Csaszar, AG Daumont, L Gamache, RR Hodges, JT Naumenko, OV Polyansky, OL Rothman, LS Vandaele, AC Zobov, NF AF Tennyson, Jonathan Bernath, Peter F. Brown, Linda R. Campargue, Alain Csaszar, Attila G. Daumont, Ludovic Gamache, Robert R. Hodges, Joseph T. Naumenko, Olga V. Polyansky, Oleg L. Rothman, Laurence S. Vandaele, Ann Carine Zobov, Nikolai F. TI A database of water transitions from experiment and theory (IUPAC Technical Report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE chemical physics; high-resolution spectroscopy; IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division; line profiles; microwaves; rotation-vibration energy levels; transition intensities; water vapor ID ROTATIONAL-VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA; POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; HIGH-SENSITIVITY ICLAS; M TRANSPARENCY WINDOW; LINE LIST; RAMAN-SPECTRA; WAVE-NUMBERS; ABSORPTION-SPECTRUM; CROSS-SECTIONS; MU-M AB The report and results of an IUPAC Task Group (TG) formed in 2004 on "A Database of Water Transitions from Experiment and Theory" (Project No. 2004-035-1-100) are presented. Energy levels and recommended labels involving exact and approximate quantum numbers for the main isotopologues of water in the gas phase, (H2O)-O-16, (H2O)-O-18, (H2O)-O-17, (HDO)-O-16, (HDO)-O-18, (HDO)-O-17, (D2O)-O-16, (D2O)-O-18, and (D2O)-O-17, are determined from measured transition frequencies. The transition frequencies and energy levels are validated using first-principles nuclear motion computations and the MARVEL (measured active rotational-vibrational energy levels) approach. The extensive data including lines and levels are required for analysis and synthesis of spectra, thermochemical applications, the construction of theoretical models, and the removal of spectral contamination by ubiquitous water lines. These datasets can also be used to assess where measurements are lacking for each isotopologue and to provide accurate frequencies for many yet-to-be measured transitions. The lack of high-quality frequency calibration standards in the near infrared is identified as an issue that has hindered the determination of high-accuracy energy levels at higher frequencies. The generation of spectra using the MARVEL energy levels combined with transition intensities computed using high accuracy ab initio dipole moment surfaces are discussed. A recommendation of the TG is for further work to identify a single, suitable model to represent pressure-(and temperature-) dependent line profiles more accurately than Voigt profiles. C1 [Tennyson, Jonathan; Polyansky, Oleg L.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Bernath, Peter F.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Brown, Linda R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Campargue, Alain] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Grenoble, France. [Csaszar, Attila G.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Chem, Budapest, Hungary. [Csaszar, Attila G.] MTA ELTE Res Grp Complex Chem Syst, Budapest, Hungary. [Daumont, Ludovic] Univ Reims, Reims, France. [Gamache, Robert R.] Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA. [Hodges, Joseph T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naumenko, Olga V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Opt, Tomsk, Russia. [Polyansky, Oleg L.; Zobov, Nikolai F.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Phys, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia. [Rothman, Laurence S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vandaele, Ann Carine] Inst Aeron Spatiale Belgique, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium. RP Tennyson, J (reprint author), UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM j.tennyson@ucl.ac.uk RI Csaszar, Attila/A-5241-2009; Tennyson, Jonathan/I-2222-2012; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; OI Tennyson, Jonathan/0000-0002-4994-5238; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Rothman, Laurence/0000-0002-3837-4847 FU International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry [2004-035-1-100]; UK Natural Environment Research Council; Royal Society; European Research Council [267219]; Scientific Research Fund of Hungary [OTKA NK83583]; NATO; National Science Foundation of the U.S.A. [AGS1156862]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office [EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX 1514901NLSFe(IC)]; Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRFC contracts); Communautede Belgique (Action de Recherche Concertees); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) [NAG5-13534]; Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU); Laboratoire International Associe SAMIA (Spectroscopie d'Absorption des Molecules d'Interet Atmospherique) FX This work was supported by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry for funding under project 2004-035-1-100 (A database of water transitions from experiment and theory). In addition, this work has received partial support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council, the Royal Society, the European Research Council under Advanced Investigator Project 267219, the Scientific Research Fund of Hungary (grant OTKA NK83583), NATO, the National Science Foundation of the U.S.A. through Grant No. AGS1156862, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (contracts EV/35/3A, SD/AT/01A, PRODEX 1514901NLSFe(IC)), the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FRFC contracts), the Communautede Belgique (Action de Recherche Concertees), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS), under grant NAG5-13534, and the Programme National LEFE (CHAT) of CNRS (INSU). This work is partly supported by the Laboratoire International Associe SAMIA (Spectroscopie d'Absorption des Molecules d'Interet Atmospherique) between CNRS (France) and RAS (Russia). Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contracts and grants with NASA. NR 126 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 67 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 86 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1515/pac-2014-5012 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AB8IY UT WOS:000332034800007 ER PT J AU Li, XY ShamsiJazeyi, H Pesek, SL Agrawal, A Hammouda, B Verduzco, R AF Li, Xianyu ShamsiJazeyi, Hadi Pesek, Stacy L. Agrawal, Aditya Hammouda, Boualem Verduzco, Rafael TI Thermoresponsive PNIPAAM bottlebrush polymers with tailored side-chain length and end-group structure SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; BRUSHES; DENSITY; COPOLYMERS; COLLAPSE; PHASE; LCST AB We explore the phase behaviour, solution conformation, and interfacial properties of bottlebrush polymers with side-chains comprised of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM), a thermally responsive polymer that exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water. PNIPAAM bottlebrush polymers with controlled side-chain length and side-chain end-group structure are prepared using a "grafting-through" technique. Due to reduced flexibility of bottlebrush polymer side-chains, side-chain end-groups have a disproportionate effect on bottlebrush polymer solubility and phase behaviour. Bottlebrush polymers with a hydrophobic end-group have poor water solubilities and depressed LCSTs, whereas bottlebrush polymers with thiol-terminated side-chains are fully water-soluble and exhibit an LCST greater than that of PNIPAAM homopolymers. The temperature-dependent solution conformation of PNIPAAM bottlebrush polymers in D2O is analyzed by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and data analysis using the Guinier-Porod model shows that the bottlebrush polymer radius decreases as the temperature increases towards the LCST for PNIPAAM bottlebrush polymers with relatively long 9 kg mol(-1) side-chains. Above the LCST, PNIPAAM bottlebrush polymers can form a lyotropic liquid crystal phase in water. Interfacial tension measurements show that bottlebrush polymers reduce the interfacial tension between chloroform and water to levels comparable to PNIPAAM homopolymers without the formation of microemulsions, suggesting that bottlebrush polymers are unable to stabilize highly curved interfaces. These results demonstrate that bottlebrush polymer side-chain length and flexibility impact phase behavior, solubility, and interfacial properties. C1 [Li, Xianyu; ShamsiJazeyi, Hadi; Pesek, Stacy L.; Agrawal, Aditya; Verduzco, Rafael] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Verduzco, R (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 6100 Main St, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM rafaelv@rice.edu RI Li, Xianyu/J-4889-2014 FU American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund [52435-DNI7]; Rice University Kobayashi Fellowship; National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program [0940902]; NIST Center for Neutron Research (U.S. Department of Commerce) [DMR-0944772] FX Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund (grant # 52435-DNI7) for support of this research. X. L acknowledges support from the Rice University Kobayashi Fellowship. S. L. P. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship Program (grant # 0940902). We acknowledge SANS beam time obtained from the NIST Center for Neutron Research (U.S. Department of Commerce) which is supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. The identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 63 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 12 BP 2008 EP 2015 DI 10.1039/c3sm52614c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AC4AP UT WOS:000332463300016 PM 24652160 ER PT J AU Bowen, BW Shanker, K Yasuda, N Malay, MCD von der Heyden, S Paulay, G Rocha, LA Selkoe, KA Barber, PH Williams, ST Lessios, HA Crandall, ED Bernardi, G Meyer, CP Carpenter, KE Toonen, RJ AF Bowen, Brian W. Shanker, Kartik Yasuda, Nina Malay, Maria Celia (Machel) D. von der Heyden, Sophie Paulay, Gustav Rocha, Luiz A. Selkoe, Kimberly A. Barber, Paul H. Williams, Suzanne T. Lessios, Harilaos A. Crandall, Eric D. Bernardi, Giacomo Meyer, Christopher P. Carpenter, Kent E. Toonen, Robert J. TI Phylogeography unplugged: comparative surveys in the genomic era SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; INDO-WEST PACIFIC; PELAGIC LARVAL DURATION; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; HIGH-DISPERSAL STARFISH; LIMPETS CELLANA SPP.; OF-THORNS STARFISH; MARINE BIODIVERSITY; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA AB In March 2012, the authors met at the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) in Durham, North Carolina, USA, to discuss approaches and cooperative ventures in Indo-Pacific phylogeography. The group emerged with a series of findings: (1) Marine population structure is complex, but single locus mtDNA studies continue to provide powerful first assessment of phylogeographic patterns. (2) These patterns gain greater significance/power when resolved in a diversity of taxa. New analytical tools are emerging to address these analyses with multi-taxon approaches. (3) Genome-wide analyses are warranted if selection is indicated by surveys of standard markers. Such indicators can include discordance between genetic loci, or between genetic loci and morphology. Phylogeographic information provides a valuable context for studies of selection and adaptation. (4) Phylogeographic inferences are greatly enhanced by an understanding of the biology and ecology of study organisms. (5) Thorough, range-wide sampling of taxa is the foundation for robust phylogeographic inference. (6) Congruent geographic and taxonomic sampling by the Indo-Pacific community of scientists would facilitate better comparative analyses. The group concluded that at this stage of technology and software development, judicious rather than wholesale application of genomics appears to be the most robust course for marine phylogeographic studies. Therefore, our group intends to affirm the value of traditional ("unplugged") approaches, such as those based on mtDNA sequencing and microsatellites, along with essential field studies, in an era with increasing emphasis on genomic approaches. C1 [Bowen, Brian W.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Shanker, Kartik] Indian Inst Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Yasuda, Nina] Miyazaki Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Marine Biol & Environm Sci, Miyazaki, Japan. [Malay, Maria Celia (Machel) D.] Univ Guam, Marine Lab, Mangilao, GU 96923 USA. [von der Heyden, Sophie] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, ZA-7602 Matieland, South Africa. [Paulay, Gustav] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Rocha, Luiz A.] Calif Acad Sci, Sect Ichthyol, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Barber, Paul H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Williams, Suzanne T.] Nat Hist Museum, Dept Life Sci, London SW7 5BD, England. [Lessios, Harilaos A.] Smithsonian Trop Res Inst, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. [Crandall, Eric D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Bernardi, Giacomo] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Meyer, Christopher P.] Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Carpenter, Kent E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Bowen, BW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. EM bbowen@hawaii.edu RI Rocha, Luiz/C-5107-2011; Bernardi, Giacomo/F-6346-2011; Williams, Suzanne/A-9604-2008; OI Bernardi, Giacomo/0000-0002-8249-4678; Williams, Suzanne/0000-0003-2995-5823; von der Heyden, Sophie/0000-0001-9166-976X; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU National Science Foundation FX We thank the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center at Duke University for hosting the meeting "Molecular Ecology and Evolution of the Indo-Pacific" that produced this paper. That meeting was funded by a National Science Foundation grant to ED Crandall and C Riginos. We thank special editor C Riginos, U Ramakrishnan, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the manuscript. NR 212 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 5 U2 73 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 BP 13 EP 46 DI 10.5343/bms.2013.1007 PG 34 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AB3DH UT WOS:000331671000002 ER PT J AU Keyse, J Crandall, ED Toonen, RJ Meyer, CP Treml, EA Riginos, C AF Keyse, Jude Crandall, Eric D. Toonen, Robert J. Meyer, Christopher P. Treml, Eric A. Riginos, Cynthia TI The scope of published population genetic data for Indo-Pacific marine fauna and future research opportunities in the region SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ANEMONEFISH AMPHIPRION-OCELLARIS; MITOCHONDRIAL CONTROL REGION; STARFISH LINCKIA-LAEVIGATA; OF-THORNS STARFISH; BORING GIANT CLAM; SOUTH CHINA SEA; WEST PACIFIC; CORAL-REEFS; MALAY-ARCHIPELAGO AB Marine biodiversity reaches its pinnacle in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, with high levels of both species richness and endemism, especially in coral reef habitats. While this pattern of biodiversity has been known to biogeographers for centuries, causal mechanisms remain enigmatic. Over the past 20 yrs, genetic markers have been employed by many researchers as a tool to elucidate patterns of biodiversity above and below the species level, as well as to make inferences about the underlying processes of diversification, demographic history, and dispersal. In a quantitative, comparative framework, these data can be synthesized to address questions about this bewildering diversity by treating species as "replicates." However, the sheer size of the Indo-Pacific region means that the geographic and genetic scope of many species' data sets are not complementary. Here, we describe data sets from 116 Indo-Pacific species (108 studies). With a mind to future synthetic investigations, we consider the strengths and omissions of currently published population genetic data for marine fauna of the Indo-Pacific region, as well as the geographic and taxonomic scope of the data, and suggest some ways forward for data collection and collation. C1 [Keyse, Jude; Riginos, Cynthia] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Crandall, Eric D.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. [Crandall, Eric D.] UC Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. [Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Meyer, Christopher P.] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Treml, Eric A.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Keyse, J (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM judith.keyse@uqconnect.edu.au RI Treml, Eric/C-7580-2013; Riginos, Cynthia/G-3320-2010; OI Treml, Eric/0000-0003-4844-4420; Riginos, Cynthia/0000-0002-5485-4197; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) on the Molecular Ecology and Evolution of the Indo-Pacific; National Science Foundation through the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) [NSF EF-0905606]; University of Queensland International; University of Queensland FX The concept for this study arose from a Catalysis meeting funded by the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) on the Molecular Ecology and Evolution of the Indo-Pacific to EC and CR. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) under grant number NSF #EF-0905606. JK is supported by a University of Queensland International and University of Queensland Research Scholarships. Thanks to L Rocha and H Lessios for helpful suggestions during the data collection phase. NR 185 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 33 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 BP 47 EP 78 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1107 PG 32 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AB3DH UT WOS:000331671000003 ER PT J AU Beger, M Selkoe, KA Treml, E Barber, PH von der Heyden, S Crandall, ED Toonen, RJ Riginos, C AF Beger, Maria Selkoe, Kimberly A. Treml, Eric Barber, Paul H. von der Heyden, Sophie Crandall, Eric D. Toonen, Robert J. Riginos, Cynthia TI Evolving coral reef conservation with genetic information SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; BORING GIANT CLAM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; RESERVE NETWORKS; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY AB Targeted conservation and management programs are crucial for mitigating anthropogenic threats to declining biodiversity. Although evolutionary processes underpin extant patterns of biodiversity, it is uncommon for resource managers to explicitly consider genetic data in conservation prioritization. Genetic information is inherently relevant to management because it describes genetic diversity, population connectedness, and evolutionary history; thereby typifying their behavioral traits, physiological climate tolerance, evolutionary potential, and dispersal ability. Incorporating genetic information into spatial conservation prioritization starts with reconciling the terminology and techniques used in genetics and conservation science. Genetic data vary widely in analyses and their interpretations can be challenging even for experienced geneticists. Therefore, identifying objectives, decision rules, and implementations in decision support tools specifically for management using genetic data is challenging. Here, we outline a framework for eight genetic system characteristics, their measurement, and how they could be incorporated in spatial conservation prioritization for two contrasting objectives: biodiversity preservation vs maintaining ecological function and sustainable use. We illustrate this framework with an example using data from Tridacna crocea (Lamarck, 1819) (boring giant clam) in the Coral Triangle. We find that many reefs highlighted as conservation priorities with genetic data based on genetic subregions, genetic diversity, genetic distinctness, and connectivity are not prioritized using standard practices. Moreover, different characteristics calculated from the same samples resulted in different spatial conservation priorities. Our results highlight that omitting genetic information from conservation decisions may fail to adequately represent processes regulating biodiversity, but that conservation objectives related to the choice of genetic system characteristics require careful consideration. C1 [Beger, Maria] Univ Queensland, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Selkoe, Kimberly A.] Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Treml, Eric] Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Barber, Paul H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Barber, Paul H.; von der Heyden, Sophie] Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Bot & Zool, Evolutionary Genom Grp, Matieland, South Africa. [Crandall, Eric D.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Crandall, Eric D.] UC Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Riginos, Cynthia] Univ Queensland, Sch Biol Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Beger, M (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat Sci, ARC Ctr Excellence Environm Decis, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM m.beger@uq.edu.au RI Treml, Eric/C-7580-2013; Beger, Maria/F-9049-2013; Riginos, Cynthia/G-3320-2010; OI Treml, Eric/0000-0003-4844-4420; Beger, Maria/0000-0003-1363-3571; Riginos, Cynthia/0000-0002-5485-4197; von der Heyden, Sophie/0000-0001-9166-976X; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU Australian Research Council; NSF [OCE-0349177, OCE-1260169]; NSF PIRE [OISE-0730256]; NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Program (MOA) [2005-008/66882] FX We thank the National Evolutionary Synthesis Centre (NESCent) for hosting the Molecular Ecology and Evolution of the Indo-Pacific Catalysis meeting, which brought together a diverse group of scientists working on the Indo-Pacific coral reef genetic ecology and conservation. MB was funded by an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award. Data from T. crocea was supported by an NSF CAREER grant (OCE-0349177) to PHB and an NSF PIRE grant (OISE-0730256). RJT and KAS were supported in part by NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries Program (MOA grant No. 2005-008/66882) and NSF OCE-1260169 grants. We are grateful for thoughtful comments and discussion during the workshop and analysis from H Fox, G Ahmadia, N Yasuda, C Fauvelot, and L van Herwerden. NR 162 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 12 U2 92 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 BP 159 EP 185 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1106 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AB3DH UT WOS:000331671000006 ER PT J AU Barber, PH Ablan-Lagman, MCA Ambariyanto Berlinck, RGS Cahyani, D Crandall, ED Ravago-Gotanco, R Juinio-Menez, MA Mahardika, IGN Shanker, K Starger, CJ Toha, AHA Anggoro, AW Willette, DA AF Barber, Paul H. Ablan-Lagman, Ma Carmen A. Ambariyanto Berlinck, Roberto G. S. Cahyani, Dita Crandall, Eric D. Ravago-Gotanco, Rachel Antonette Juinio-Menez, Marie Mahardika, I. G. Ngurah Shanker, Kartik Starger, Craig J. Toha, Abdul Hamid A. Anggoro, Aji W. Willette, Demian A. TI Advancing biodiversity research in developing countries: the need for changing paradigms SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST; 6TH MASS EXTINCTION; CONSERVATION PRIORITIES; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; NATURAL-PRODUCTS; CORAL TRIANGLE; SCIENCE; DIVERSITY; INDIA; PHILIPPINES AB The world is in the midst of a biodiversity crisis, threatening essential goods and services on which humanity depends. While there is an urgent need globally for biodiversity research, growing obstacles are severely limiting biodiversity research throughout the developing world, particularly in Southeast Asia. Facilities, funding, and expertise are often limited throughout this region, reducing the capacity for local biodiversity research. Although western scientists generally have more expertise and capacity, international research has sometimes been exploitative "parachute science," creating a culture of suspicion and mistrust. These issues, combined with misplaced fears of biopiracy, have resulted in severe roadblocks to biodiversity research in the very countries that need it the most. Here, we present an overview of challenges to biodiversity research and case studies that provide productive models for advancing biodiversity research in developing countries. Key to success is integration of research and education, a model that fosters sustained collaboration by focusing on the process of conducting biodiversity research as well as research results. This model simultaneously expands biodiversity research capacity while building trust across national borders. It is critical that developing countries enact policies that protect their biodiversity capital without shutting down international and local biodiversity research that is essential to achieve the long-term sustainability of biodiversity, promoting food security and economic development. C1 [Barber, Paul H.; Willette, Demian A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Ablan-Lagman, Ma Carmen A.] De La Salle Univ, Dept Biol, Manila 1004, Philippines. [Ambariyanto] Diponegoro Univ, Fac Fisheries & Marine Sci, Marine Sci Dept, Semarang, Indonesia. [Berlinck, Roberto G. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Cahyani, Dita; Anggoro, Aji W.] Indonesia Biodivers Res Ctr, Denpasar 80223, Bali, Indonesia. [Crandall, Eric D.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. [Crandall, Eric D.] UC Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. [Ravago-Gotanco, Rachel; Antonette Juinio-Menez, Marie] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. [Mahardika, I. G. Ngurah] Univ Udayana, Fak Kedokteran Hewan, Denpasar Bali, Indonesia. [Shanker, Kartik] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Ecol Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Shanker, Kartik] Dakshin Fdn, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. [Starger, Craig J.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Ctr Sci, Policy Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Starger, Craig J.] Amer Assoc Advancement Sci, Ctr Sci, Soc Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Toha, Abdul Hamid A.] State Univ Papua, Fishery Dept, Manokwari 98314, Papua Barat, Indonesia. [Toha, Abdul Hamid A.] Brawijaya Univ, Dept Biol, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia. RP Barber, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM paulbarber@ucla.edu RI Berlinck, Roberto/G-4756-2010; Toha, Abdul/H-8302-2016; OI Berlinck, Roberto/0000-0003-0118-2523; Toha, Abdul/0000-0002-4522-6842; Mahardika, I Gusti Ngurah/0000-0001-5525-0793; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU National Science Foundation [OISE-0730256, OCE-0349177]; USAID [497-A-00-10-00008-00]; National Science Foundation through the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) [NSF EF-0905606] FX The authors thank the National Science Foundation (grants OISE-0730256 OCE-0349177) and USAID (cooperative agreement 497-A-00-10-00008-00) for funding the international research collaborations highlighted in this manuscript. We also thank the governments of Indonesia (RISTEK, LIPI, and PHKA) and Philippines (NFRDI) for permitting the collaborative research and education activities herein. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent) under grant number NSF #EF-0905606. A special thanks goes to C Riginos, and the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center for organizing and hosting the Molecular Ecology and Evolution of the Indo-Pacific Catalysis meeting that lead to this paper. NR 94 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 41 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 BP 187 EP 210 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1108 PG 24 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AB3DH UT WOS:000331671000007 ER PT J AU Iacchei, M O'Malley, JM Toonen, RJ AF Iacchei, Matthew O'Malley, Joseph M. Toonen, Robert J. TI After the gold rush: population structure of spiny lobsters in Hawaii following a fishery closure and the implications for contemporary spatial management SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION MEASURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA ANALYSES; PELAGIC LARVAL DURATION; PANULIRUS-MARGINATUS; MARINE RESERVES; DISPERSAL DISTANCE; EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES; SCYLLARIDES-SQUAMMOSUS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TEMPORAL VARIATION AB We compared mitochondrial genetic data for two spiny lobsters in Hawaii with different geographic ranges and histories of fishing pressure. Panulirus marginatus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1825) is endemic to Hawaii, and experienced a short, intense fishery in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) and long-term, less intense exploitation in the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI). Populations show significant overall structure (F-ST = 0.0037, P = 0.007; D-est_Chao = 0.137), with regional differentiation (F-CT = 0.002, P = 0.047) between the MHI and the NWHI. Haplotype diversity did not differ significantly between regions (F-2,F- 8 = 3.740, P = 0.071); however, nucleotide diversity is significantly higher at the primary NWHI fishery banks (0.030) than in the MHI (0.026, Tukey's P = 0.013). In contrast, Panulirus penicillatus (Olivier, 1791), found across the tropical Indo-West Pacific region, was not targeted by the NWHI fishery, but has experienced long-term exploitation in the MHI. Panulirus penicillatus has no significant overall population structure in Hawaii (F-ST = 0.0083, P = 0.063; D-est_Chao = 0.278), although regional differentiation (F-CT = 0.0076, P = 0.0083) between the MHI and the NHWI is significant. Neither haplotype nor nucleotide diversity differed significantly between regions for P. penicillatus. While neither species has suffered a loss of genetic diversity from fishing, our results highlight that only by incorporating knowledge of fishing history with genetic connectivity data can we understand the most beneficial management strategy for each species. Neither exemplar species nor specific suites of traits are reliable predictors of the spatial scales of management. C1 [Iacchei, Matthew; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Iacchei, Matthew] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [O'Malley, Joseph M.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Iacchei, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, 1000 Pope Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Iacchei@hawaii.edu FU National Science Foundation [06-23678, 09-29031, 1260169]; National Marine Fisheries Service, National Marine Sanctuaries NWHICRER-HIMB partnership [MOA-2005-008/6882]; NOAA [R/HE-6]; University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, SOEST from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, an EPA STAR Fellowship [NA09OAR4171060]; Watson T Yoshimoto Foundation; Charles H. and Margaret B. Edmondson Research Fund; Jessie D Kay Research Grant; Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology (EECB) NSF [DGE02-32016, DGE05-38550] FX We greatly appreciate the assistance of the following individuals in collecting specimens: R Moffitt, J Fitzpatrick, Kona Division of Aquatic Resources (notably B Carman and K Stamoulis), D Skillings, J Puritz, C Meyer, W Woodward, K Woodward and Captain Woody's Snorkel Charters, T Lilley, J Barretto, G Walker, M Gaither, J Eble, J Ashe, G Thompson, and Fathom Five Divers, T Buholm, P Conley, L Provost, and T Beirne and Big Island Spearguns, K Schneider, L Nelson, M Lamson, B Carrol, S Hau, V Martocci, and E Stein and the crew of Extended Horizons, G Concepcion, N Silbiger, J DiBattista, M Donahue, T Daly-Engel, I Baums, M Stat, M Huggett, J Salerno, Z Szabo, J Dale, M Hutchinson, S Aalbers, K Lafferty, E Keenan, M Timmers, D Wagner, S Godwin, S Karl, K Gorospe, B Wainwright, K Flanagan, K Tice, M Castrance, T Clark, K Weersing, M Craig, A Choy, H Leba, D Crompton, M Musyl, D Smith, A Mooney, K Gleason, W Love, B Bowen, C Bird, the University of Hawai'i Dive Safety Program (D Pence, K Flanagan, K Stender, T Tsubota), the scientists and crew of the NOAA ship OSCAR ELTON SETTE, the crew of the NOAA ship HI'IALAKAI, NWHI Monument Staff, the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology office and fiscal staff, and the TOBO Lab members. Many thanks to S Hou and the ASGPB and A Eggers and the HIMB EPSCoR Core Genetics Facility for sequencing. We also thank the Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument, US Fish & Wildlife Services, and Hawai'i Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) for coordinating research activities and permitting. Special thanks to J Puritz, C Bird, M Belcaid, D Skillings, M Gaither, and E Crandall for assistance with coalescent analyses. This paper was greatly improved thanks to helpful comments from C Birkeland, B Bowen, M Donahue, A Rieser, E Crandall, J Serafy, and two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded in part by grants from the National Science Foundation (OCE#06-23678, OCE#09-29031, OCE#1260169), National Marine Fisheries Service, National Marine Sanctuaries NWHICRER-HIMB partnership (MOA-2005-008/6882), NOAA Project R/HE-6, which is sponsored by the University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, SOEST, under institutional grant no. NA09OAR4171060 from NOAA Office of Sea Grant, Department of Commerce, an EPA STAR Fellowship (MI), the Watson T Yoshimoto Foundation (MI), the Charles H. and Margaret B. Edmondson Research Fund (MI), the Jessie D Kay Research Grant (MI), and the Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology (EECB) NSF GK-12 fellowships (DGE02-32016 and DGE05-38550 to K.Y. Kaneshiro) (MI). The views expressed herein are those of the authors, and may not reflect the views of the EPA, NOAA, or any of their sub-agencies. This is contribution number 1575 from the Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, no. 2014-001 from the University of Hawai'i at Manoa Department of Biology, no. 9056 from the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, and no. UNIHI-SEAGRANT-JC-11-21 from the University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program. NR 144 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 23 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 BP 331 EP 357 DI 10.5343/bms.2013.1042 PG 27 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AB3DH UT WOS:000331671000013 ER PT J AU Raynal, JM Crandall, ED Barber, PH Mahardika, GN Lagman, MC Carpenter, KE AF Raynal, J. M. Crandall, E. D. Barber, P. H. Mahardika, G. N. Lagman, M. C. Carpenter, K. E. TI Basin isolation and oceanographic features influencing lineage divergence in the humbug damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus) in the Coral Triangle SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POPULATION GENETIC-STRUCTURE; COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; REEF FISH; MARINE SPECIATION; LARVAL DURATION; PATTERNS; PACIFIC; HISTORY; DISTANCE; SEA AB The Coral Triangle is a hotspot for marine species diversity as well as for intraspecific genetic diversity. Here, we used nuclear RAG2 and mitochondrial D-Loop genes to identify deep genetic divergence among Dascyllus aruanus (Linnaeus, 1758) populations across relatively short scales within the Coral Triangle. Mitochondrial clades different by >20 mutational steps were completely isolated from one another across the distance between Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands, and also showed frequency differences in the eastern and western Philippines. Evidence for population structure in the Sulu Sea and at the Lesser Sunda Islands was also identified. Our results suggest that the Sulu Sea Throughflow, Bohol Sea Throughflow, Indonesian Throughflow, signatures of extinction events from Pleistocene land barriers, and other past and present forces may be potential factors leading to lineage divergence of D. aruanus, and that these hypotheses should be tested in further studies. C1 [Raynal, J. M.; Carpenter, K. E.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Crandall, E. D.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Barber, P. H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Mahardika, G. N.] Udayana Univ, Denpasar 80226, Bali, Indonesia. [Lagman, M. C.] De La Salle Univ, Manila 1004, Philippines. RP Raynal, JM (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM jrayn004@odu.edu OI Mahardika, I Gusti Ngurah/0000-0001-5525-0793; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU Philippine government; Indonesian government; Malaysian government; NSF-PIRE [OISE-0730256]; NSF [OCE-0349177] FX We are thankful for the aid of the Philippine, Indonesian, and Malaysian governments in support of this research. The Philippine National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Research (BEAR), the Indonesian Ministry for Research and Technology (RISTEK) and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), assisted in collection permits (0208/FRP/SM/IX/2009) and field logistics. Support from the US Embassy and the US Peace Corps in the Philippines was also essential. We thank the University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute, De La Salle University, and Udayana University, and particularly A Juinio-Menez for providing laboratory space and further support that made this research possible. NSF-PIRE (OISE-0730256) grant to KE Carpenter and PH Barber and NSF-CAREER (OCE-0349177) grant to PH Barber supported this work. We also thank the many US Peace Corp volunteers and other individuals that aided in fieldwork and collection of samples, including A Ackiss, C Brosman, G Batin, S Cheng, M Comeros-Raynal, M Craig, T DeBoer, M Goldman, A Hanson, J Hill, N Ramirez, R Rachmawati, N Romena, E Sbrocco, and C Starger, and those who provided data and laboratory assistance, especially M Dwija, C Fauvelot, and E Stump. We thank A Bucol and V Oliver ("Mang Gyver") for help with developing our umbrella-spoke microspears. We thank the Semporna Marine Ecological Expedition in December 2010 that was jointly organized by WWF-Malaysia, Universiti Malaysia Sabah's Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaya's Institute of Biological Sciences, and the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis. Research permission for this expedition was granted by the Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department, Economic Planning Unit Sabah, Sabah Parks, and Department of Fisheries Sabah. In particular, we thank K Kassem, B Hoeksma, and A Lim for their tireless efforts in making the Semporna expedition a reality. NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 90 IS 1 BP 513 EP 532 DI 10.5343/bms.2013.1017 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AB3DH UT WOS:000331671000021 ER PT J AU Vogel, GL Tenuta, LMA Schumacher, GE Chow, LC AF Vogel, G. L. Tenuta, L. M. A. Schumacher, G. E. Chow, L. C. TI A Calcium Prerinse Required to Form Calcium Fluoride in Plaque from a Sodium Fluoride Rinse SO CARIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Calcium; Calcium fluoride; Fluoride; Plaque; Rinse ID CONTAINING CHEWING GUM; SALIVARY FLUORIDE; PRE-RINSE; SUCROSE CHALLENGE; CARIES PREVENTION; BINDING; INHIBITION; DENTIFRICE; PROTEINS AB The purpose of this study is to determine whether a calcium (Ca) prerinse used before a 228 mu g/g (ppm) fluoride (F) rinse would induce the formation of 'calcium fluoride-like' (CaF2-like) deposits in human dental plaque. Sixty minutes after the use of the Ca prerinse/F rinse, plaque samples were collected from 10 volunteers, homogenized, and split into 2 aliquots. The plaque mass from one aliquot was then extracted with a 'plaque-like' solution that extracted all the CaF2-like deposits. The total F in both aliquots was then determined and compared. The results demonstrated that, as in previous studies, the Ca prerinse induced large increases in plaque fluid and total plaque F. However, unlike previous results without the Ca prerinse, 30% of the plaque F deposits were CaF2 or CaF2-like. Given that maintaining an elevated F concentration in the vicinity of a developing lesion may play an important role in the cariostatic effect of this ion, and the potential advantages of CaF2-like deposits as an F source, these results suggest that a Ca prerinse may increase the cariostatic effect of topical agents. (c) 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel C1 [Vogel, G. L.; Schumacher, G. E.; Chow, L. C.] Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Tenuta, L. M. A.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Piracicaba Dent Sch, Piracicaba, Brazil. RP Vogel, GL (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jvogel@nist.gov RI Tenuta, Livia/D-2811-2012 OI Tenuta, Livia/0000-0003-4626-4477 FU American Dental Association Foundation FX This study was supported by the American Dental Association Foundation and is part of the dental research program conducted by the NIST. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6568 EI 1421-976X J9 CARIES RES JI Caries Res. PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 174 EP 178 DI 10.1159/000354047 PG 5 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA AB4PY UT WOS:000331773600013 PM 24401761 ER PT J AU Fauss, EK MacCuspie, RI Oyanedel-Craver, V Smith, JA Swami, NS AF Fauss, Emma K. MacCuspie, Robert I. Oyanedel-Craver, Vinka Smith, James A. Swami, Nathan S. TI Disinfection action of electrostatic versus steric-stabilized silver nanoparticles on E. coli under different water chemistries SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Aggregation; Dissolution; Disinfection; Capping layer; Reactive oxygen ID AGGREGATION KINETICS; ROS GENERATION; ION RELEASE; OXYGEN; TOXICITY; SURFACE; DISSOLUTION; NANOSILVER; FLUORESCENT; MECHANISM AB The capping layer stabilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) affects its aggregation, dissolution, and net disinfection action, especially under conditions of varying water composition, such as, pH, ionic strength and organic matter content. Herein, we correlate the silver ion (Ag+) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation rates for AgNPs of varying functionalization to their net disinfection coefficient on Escherichia coli, under conditions of differing water chemistries. For electrostatically stabilized citrate-capped AgNPs, the rate of ROS generation, as measured using a fluorescent dye, is found to dominate over that of Ag+ release, especially for smaller sized AgNP suspensions (similar to 10 nm) at low pH (similar to 6.2). For these AgNPs, the ROS disinfection mechanism is confirmed to dominate net disinfection action, as measured by the live/dead assay, especially at low levels of organic matter. Steric stabilization of AgNPs by protein or starch-capped layers enables disinfection through reducing AgNP aggregation and promoting silver dissolution over ROS generation. We suggest the involvement of protons and dissolved oxygen in causing the independent formation of Ag+ and ROS, regardless of the AgNP capping layer. While protein-capping layers effectively stabilize AgNPs, the generated ROS is likely dissipated by interference with the bulky capping layer, whereas the interference is lower with citrate-capping layers. Steric stabilization of AgNPs enables disinfection within a wide range of water chemistries, whereas effective disinfection can occur under electrostatic stabilization, only at low NaCl (<1 mmol/L) and organic matter (<5 mg/L) levels. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fauss, Emma K.; Swami, Nathan S.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Oyanedel-Craver, Vinka] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Smith, James A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Swami, NS (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM nswami@virginia.edu RI Oyanedel Craver, Vinka/F-6765-2013; OI Oyanedel Craver, Vinka/0000-0002-7851-2108; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 FU NSF [0701505, 0836648, 0854047]; NanoSTAR seed grant from University of Virginia FX This work was supported by NSF awards #0701505 (GRS Supplement), #0836648, and #0854047; and a NanoSTAR seed grant from University of Virginia. NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 EI 1873-4367 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 113 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.027 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA AB3CZ UT WOS:000331670200010 PM 24060931 ER PT J AU Sperling, BA Kimes, WA Maslar, JE AF Sperling, Brent A. Kimes, William A. Maslar, James E. TI Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy of Tetrakis(dimethylamido)Titanium for Process Measurements SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC LAYER DEPOSITION; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAS-PHASE; THIN-FILMS; SAMPLE EMISSION; SPECTRA; TIN; TI(N(CH3)(2))(4); DECOMPOSITION; TI4 AB Infrared spectroscopy has been widely used for in situ analysis of the gas phase during chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD). For both process monitoring and research applications, accurate determination of absorptivity is often necessary for quantitative work. In this study, we measure reference spectra for vapor-phase tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (TDMAT), an organometallic precursor commonly used for both CVD and ALD. The gas cell is heated over the temperature range of (352 to 476) K. We take steps to correct for sample emission, which otherwise is found to cause errors. Systematic changes are observed as the temperature is varied, but integrated absorbance is insensitive to temperature. The implications for infrared-based process measurements are discussed. In the course of this work, we do not observe rapid thermal decomposition of TDMAT at 476 K, which had been reported elsewhere in the literature. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Sperling, Brent A.; Kimes, William A.; Maslar, James E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sperling, BA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brent.sperling@nist.gov NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 3 IS 3 BP P26 EP P31 DI 10.1149/2.009403jss PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AB4YO UT WOS:000331796100008 ER PT J AU Suzuki, S Brown, A Manzello, SL Suzuki, J Hayashi, Y AF Suzuki, Sayaka Brown, Adam Manzello, Samuel L. Suzuki, Junichi Hayashi, Yoshihiko TI Firebrands generated from a full-scale, structure burning under well-controlled laboratory conditions SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Firebrands; Generation; Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires ID STRUCTURE VULNERABILITIES; HIGH WINDS; SHOWERS; FIRES; IGNITION; SIZE; MASS AB Firebrand production from a real-scale structure under well-controlled laboratory conditions was investigated. The structure was fabricated using wood studs and oriented strand board (OSB). The entire structure was placed inside the Building Research Institute's (BRI) Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) in Japan to apply a wind field of 6 m/s onto the structure. As the structure burned, firebrands were collected using an array of water pans. The size and mass distributions of firebrands collected in this study were compared with sparsely available firebrand generation data from actual full-scale structure burns, individual building component tests, and historical structure fire firebrand generation studies. In this experiment, more than 90% of firebrands were less than 1 g and 56% were less than 0.1 g. It was found that size and mass of firebrands collected in this study were similar to the literature studies, yet differences existed as well. Different experimental conditions, as well as varied firebrand collection strategies, were believed to be responsible for the differences in firebrand size and mass measured in the present work, and those in the literature. The present study has provided much needed data on firebrand generation from structures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Brown, Adam; Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Suzuki, Junichi; Hayashi, Yoshihiko] Bldg Res Inst, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Suzuki, Sayaka] Natl Res Inst Fire & Disaster, Large Fire Lab, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 63 BP 43 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.11.008 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AB3HC UT WOS:000331680900006 ER PT J AU Ronchi, E Kuligowski, ED Peacock, RD Reneke, PA AF Ronchi, Enrico Kuligowski, Erica D. Peacock, Richard D. Reneke, Paul A. TI A probabilistic approach for the analysis of evacuation movement data SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Pedestrian movement; probabilistic approach; Stair evacuation; Effective width; Conditional probabilities; Evacuation modelling ID HUMAN-BEHAVIOR; MODEL; SPEED AB This paper presents a probabilistic approach to analyse evacuation movement data. The approach relies on a detailed video analysis of people movement and pattern reconstruction. Conditional probabilities for travel path trajectories, walking speeds, and physical area occupied on stair landings are calculated for the evacuee population. The approach has been applied as a case study using data from an evacuation drill performed in a six-storey office building in the United States. The evacuation drill was filmed and occupant's behaviours on stairs were analysed using the new method. A comparison with the deterministic methods currently employed in engineering practice has been performed. The benefits of the probabilistic approach are discussed, including (1) a more accurate representation of people movement and (2) the use of probabilistic data for modelling purposes, i.e., model validation and model development. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ronchi, Enrico] Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn & Syst Safety, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Kuligowski, Erica D.; Peacock, Richard D.; Reneke, Paul A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ronchi, E (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn & Syst Safety, POB 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM enrico.ronchi@brand.lth.se OI Ronchi, Enrico/0000-0002-2789-6359 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 63 BP 69 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.11.012 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AB3HC UT WOS:000331680900008 ER PT J AU Hoef, JMV Peterson, EE Clifford, D Shah, R AF Hoef, Jay M. Ver Peterson, Erin E. Clifford, David Shah, Rohan TI SSN: An R Package for Spatial Statistical Modeling on Stream Networks SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE spatial statistics; network graphs; geostatistics; generalized linear mixed models ID GEOSTATISTICS; PREDICTION AB The SSN package for R provides a set of functions for modeling stream network data. The package can import geographic information systems data or simulate new data as a 'SpatialStreamNetwork', a new object class that builds on the spatial sp classes. Functions are provided that fit spatial linear models (SLMs) for the 'SpatialStreamNetwork' object. The covariance matrix of the SLMs use distance metrics and geostatistical models that are unique to stream networks; these models account for the distances and topological configuration of stream networks, including the volume and direction of flowing water. In addition, traditional models that use Euclidean distance and simple random effects are included, along with Poisson and binomial families, for a generalized linear mixed model framework. Plotting and diagnostic functions are provided. Prediction (kriging) can be performed for missing data or for a separate set of unobserved locations, or block prediction (block kriging) can be used over sets of stream segments. This article summarizes the SSN package for importing, simulating, and modeling of stream network data, including diagnostics and prediction. C1 [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Peterson, Erin E.; Clifford, David; Shah, Rohan] CSIRO, Div Computat Informat, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RP Hoef, JMV (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Room 351, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jay.verhoef@noaa.gov; Erin.Peterson@csiro.au RI Peterson, Erin/D-2360-2009; Clifford, David/A-4400-2009; OI Clifford, David/0000-0003-4130-4134; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU United States (US) Forest Service; US Geological Survey; Oregon State Office of the Bureau of Land Management; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship; NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service FX Support for this work was provided by the United States (US) Forest Service, the US Geological Survey, and the Oregon State Office of the Bureau of Land Management. Some of this work was conducted as part of the working group entitled "Spatial Statistics for Streams," supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF (Grant #EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. This project also received financial support from the CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, and the NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service to the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. We also thank Devin Johnson and Jeff Laake for constructive reviews of a previous version of this manuscript. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 15 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 3 BP 1 EP 45 PG 45 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AB9JG UT WOS:000332108200001 ER PT J AU Peterson, EE Hoef, JMV AF Peterson, Erin E. Hoef, Jay M. Ver TI STARS: An ArcGIS Toolset Used to Calculate the Spatial Information Needed to Fit Spatial Statistical Models to Stream Network Data SO JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE GIS; spatial statistical modeling; streams; STARS; FLoWS; SSN AB This paper describes the STARS ArcGIS geoprocessing toolset,which is used to calcul ate the spatial information needed to fit spatial statistical models to stream network data using the SSN package. The STARS toolset is designed for use with a landscape network (LSN),which is at opological data model produced by the FLoWS ArcGIS geoprocessing toolset. An overview of the FLoWS LSN structure and a few particularly useful tools is also provided so that users will have a clear understanding of the underlying data structure that the STARS toolset depends on. This document may be used as an introduction to new users. The methods used to calculate the spatial information and format the final.ssn object are also explicitly described so that users may create their own.ssn object using other data models and software. C1 [Peterson, Erin E.] CSIRO, Div Computat Informat, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Hoef, Jay M. Ver] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, NOAA, NMFS Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Int Arctic Res Ctr,Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Peterson, EE (reprint author), CSIRO, Div Computat Informat, POB 2583, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. EM Erin.Peterson@csiro.au; jay.verhoef@noaa.gov RI Peterson, Erin/D-2360-2009; OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU United States(US)Forest Service; US Geological Survey; Oregon State Office of the Bureau of Land Management; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis; NSF [EF-0553768]; University of California, Santa Barbara; State of California; CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship,; NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service FX Support for this work was provided by the United States(US)Forest Service, the US Geological Survey, and the Oregon State Office of the Bureau of Land Management. Some of this work was conducted as part of the working group entitled\Spatial Statistical Models for Stream Networks,"supported by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, a Center funded by NSF(Grant#EF-0553768), the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the State of California. This project also received financial support from the CSIRO Water for a Healthy Country Flagship, and the NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service to the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. We thank Andy Last,Dona Horan,and Jenny Frieden for their assistance intesting the STARS tools and developing the example dataset included in http:// www.fs.fed.us/rm/boise/AWAE/projects/SSN_STARS/software_data.html#doc. We also thank David Clifford for his constructive review of a previous version of this manuscript. Reference to trade names,and the findings and conclusions in the paper, are those of the authors,and do not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 13 PU JOURNAL STATISTICAL SOFTWARE PI LOS ANGELES PA UCLA DEPT STATISTICS, 8130 MATH SCIENCES BLDG, BOX 951554, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095-1554 USA SN 1548-7660 J9 J STAT SOFTW JI J. Stat. Softw. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 56 IS 2 BP 1 EP 17 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AB9JD UT WOS:000332107900001 ER PT J AU Bertin, MJ Voronca, DC Chapman, RW Moeller, PDR AF Bertin, Matthew J. Voronca, Delia C. Chapman, Robert W. Moeller, Peter D. R. TI The effect of pH on the toxicity of fatty acids and fatty acid amides to rainbow trout gill cells SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fatty acids; Fatty acid amides; Ptymnesium parvum; Artificial neural networks; Mixtures; Physicochemical ID ALGA PRYMNESIUM-PARVUM; FRESH-WATER FISH; LIPID-COMPOSITION; MARINE; CULTURES; METALS; TEMPERATURE; SEDIMENTS; SALINITY; EXPOSURE AB Harmful algal blooms (HABs) expose aquatic organisms to multiple physical and chemical stressors during an acute time period. Algal toxins themselves may be altered by water chemistry parameters affecting their bioavailability and resultant toxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two abiotic parameters (pH, inorganic metal salts) on the toxicity of fatty acid amides and fatty acids, two classes of lipids produced by harmful algae, including the golden alga, Prymnesium parvum, that are toxic to aquatic organisms. Rainbow trout gill cells were used as a model of the fish gill and exposed to single compounds and mixtures of compounds along with variations in pH level and concentration of inorganic metal salts. We employed artificial neural networks (ANNs) and standard ANOVA statistical analysis to examine and predict the effects of these abiotic parameters on the toxicity of fatty acid amides and fatty acids. Our results demonstrate that increasing pH levels increases the toxicity of fatty acid amides and inhibits the toxicity of fatty acids. This phenomenon is reversed at lower pH levels. Exposing gill cells to complex mixtures of chemical factors resulted in dramatic increases in toxicity compared to tests of single compounds for both the fatty acid amides and fatty acids. These findings highlight the potential of physicochemical factors to affect the toxicity of chemicals released during algal blooms and demonstrate drastic differences in the effect of pH on fatty acid amides and fatty acids. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bertin, Matthew J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Voronca, Delia C.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.] Marine Resources Res Inst, South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chapman, Robert W.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Moeller, Peter D. R.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Moeller, PDR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Peter.Moeller@noaa.gov RI Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 FU NOAA/NOS; Slocum-Lunz foundation FX This work was supported in part by NOAA/NOS and a grant from the Slocum-Lunz foundation to M. Bertin. This paper is contribution #715 to the Marine Resources Division of SCDNR. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 146 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.09.026 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AA9NV UT WOS:000331421100001 PM 24240104 ER PT J AU Laetz, CA Baldwin, DH Hebert, VR Stark, JD Scholz, NL AF Laetz, Cathy A. Baldwin, David H. Hebert, Vincent R. Stark, John D. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Elevated temperatures increase the toxicity of pesticide mixtures to juvenile coho salmon SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmon; Pesticides; Organophosphate; Acetylcholinesterase; Carboxylesterase; Temperature ID ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; RAINBOW-TROUT; INSECTICIDES; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; CHLORPYRIFOS; RESTORATION; TOXICOLOGY; CARBARYL AB Pesticide mixtures and elevated temperatures are parallel freshwater habitat stressors for Pacific salmon in the western United States. Certain combinations of organophosphate (OP) insecticides are known to synergistically increase neurotoxicity in juvenile salmon. The chemicals interact to potentiate the inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and disrupt swimming behavior. The metabolic activation and detoxification of OPs involve temperature-sensitive enzymatic processes. Salmon are ectothermic, and thus the degree of synergism may vary with ambient temperature in streams, rivers, and lakes. Here we assess the influence of water temperature (12-21 degrees C) on the toxicity of ethoprop and malathion, alone and in combination, to juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). A mixture of ethoprop (0.9 mu g/L) and malathion (0.75 mu g/L.) produced synergistic AChE inhibition at 12 degrees C, and the degree of neurotoxicity approximately doubled with a modest temperature increase to 18 degrees C. Slightly lower concentrations of ethoprop (0.5 mu g/L) combined with malathion (0.4 mu g/L) did not inhibit brain AChE activity but did produce a temperature-dependent reduction in liver carboxylesterase (CaE). The activity of CaE was very sensitive to the inhibitory effects of ethoprop alone and both ethoprop-malathion combinations across all temperatures. Our findings are an example of how non-chemical habitat attributes can increase the relative toxicity of OP mixtures. Surface temperatures currently exceed water quality criteria in many western river segments, and summer thermal extremes are expected to become more frequent in a changing climate. These trends reinforce the importance of pollution reduction strategies to enhance ongoing salmon conservation and recovery efforts. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Laetz, Cathy A.; Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hebert, Vincent R.] Washington State Univ TriCities, Food & Environm Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Stark, John D.] Washington State Univ, Puyallup Res & Extens Ctr, Dept Entomol, Ecotoxicol Program, Puyallup, WA 98371 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013; Gebauer, Radek/G-6749-2015 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272; FU NOAA's National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program); National Marine Fisheries Service (Office of Protected Resources) FX We thank Elise Wilkes, Andrew Olegario, Allison Camp, and Tiffany Linbo for their valuable assistance with experiments. The work was supported by NOAA's National Ocean Service (Coastal Storms Program) and National Marine Fisheries Service (Office of Protected Resources). NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X EI 1879-1514 J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 146 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.022 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA AA9NV UT WOS:000331421100005 PM 24270668 ER PT J AU Evans, W Mathis, JT Cross, JN AF Evans, W. Mathis, J. T. Cross, J. N. TI Calcium carbonate corrosivity in an Alaskan inland sea SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; TIDEWATER GLACIER; INORGANIC CARBON; CO2; SURFACE; WATER; VARIABILITY; SATURATION; MELTWATER AB Ocean acidification is the hydrogen ion increase caused by the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2, and is a focal point in marine biogeochemistry, in part, because this chemical reaction reduces calcium carbonate (CaCO3) saturation states (Omega) to levels that are corrosive (i.e., Omega <= 1) to shell-forming marine organisms. However, other processes can drive CaCO3 corrosivity; specifically, the addition of tidewater glacial melt. Carbonate system data collected in May and September from 2009 through 2012 in Prince William Sound (PWS), a semienclosed inland sea located on the south-central coast of Alaska and ringed with fjords containing tidewater glaciers, reveal the unique impact of glacial melt on CaCO3 corrosivity. Initial limited sampling was expanded in September 2011 to span large portions of the western and central sound, and included two fjords proximal to tidewater glaciers: Icy Bay and Columbia Bay. The observed conditions in these fjords affected CaCO3 corrosivity in the upper water column (< 50 m) in PWS in two ways: (1) as spring-time formation sites of mode water with near-corrosive Omega levels seen below the mixed layer over a portion of the sound, and (2) as point sources for surface plumes of glacial melt with corrosive Omega levels (Omega for aragonite and calcite down to 0.60 and 1.02, respectively) and carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO(2)) well below atmospheric levels. CaCO3 corrosivity in glacial melt plumes is poorly reflected by pCO(2) or pH(T), indicating that either one of these carbonate parameters alone would fail to track Omega in PWS. The unique Omega and pCO(2) conditions in the glacial melt plumes enhances atmospheric CO2 uptake, which, if not offset by mixing or primary productivity, would rapidly exacerbate CaCO3 corrosivity in a positive feedback. The cumulative effects of glacial melt and air-sea gas exchange are likely responsible for the seasonal reduction of Omega in PWS, making PWS highly sensitive to increasing atmospheric CO2 and amplified CaCO3 corrosivity. C1 [Evans, W.; Mathis, J. T.; Cross, J. N.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Evans, W.; Mathis, J. T.; Cross, J. N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Evans, W (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM wiley.evans@noaa.gov OI Cross, Jessica/0000-0002-6650-9905 FU Alaska Ocean Observing System under NOAA [A08NOS4730406, NA11NOS0120020]; National Science Foundation [PLR-1107997]; NOAA Ocean Acidification Program FX We are grateful to Capt. Billy Pepper and the crew of US Fish and Wildlife Service R/V Tiglax for their help and support of our work in Prince William Sound. We express gratitude toward Natalie Monacci, Dan Naber, Stacey Reisdorph and Kristen Shake for their help with data collection and sample processing, and Molly McCammon for her continued support of ocean acidification research in Alaska. We are grateful for the constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers. This work was funded by the Alaska Ocean Observing System under NOAA awards A08NOS4730406 and NA11NOS0120020, the National Science Foundation (PLR-1107997) and the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program. NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 2 BP 365 EP 379 DI 10.5194/bg-11-365-2014 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AA7EU UT WOS:000331260900014 ER PT J AU McAllister, TP AF McAllister, Therese P. TI Sensitivity of composite floor system response at elevated temperatures to structural features SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Composite floor system; Structural-fire response; Connections; Buckling; Structural failure ID FIRE; CONNECTIONS; BEHAVIOR AB The sensitivity of composite floor system response at elevated temperatures to variations in structural features is examined in a sensitivity study based on a 2(4) factorial design. Four structural features were varied between two values, based on the NIST investigation of the WTC 7 collapse. The effects of the four parameters, as well as their interaction effects, are evaluated relative to time to onset of damage and time to failure for the structural features. Structural features that affected the response were ranked according to their influence. Of the four structural features varied in the analyses, floor beam length and connection type most influenced the structural response of the floor system, sometimes changing the time to damage onset or failure by more than 0.5 h. The presence or absence of girder studs and one- or two-sided girder framing influenced the structural response to a lesser extent. Interaction effects were apparent in the structural response, indicating that the structural features cannot be evaluated independently when considering the response of a composite floor system to fire effects. The findings suggest that a broader view of the impact of heating and cooling phases of fire types (standard fires, compartment fires, and traveling fires) that are used for evaluating the performance of composite floor systems needs to be considered, particularly with regards to floor lengths, connection types, and restraint of thermal expansion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McAllister, TP (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM therese.mcallister@nist.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 58 BP 115 EP 128 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.026 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AA9SK UT WOS:000331433000014 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Jajodia, S Singhal, A Cheng, PS Noel, S AF Wang, Lingyu Jajodia, Sushil Singhal, Anoop Cheng, Pengsu Noel, Steven TI k-Zero Day Safety: A Network Security Metric for Measuring the Risk of Unknown Vulnerabilities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEPENDABLE AND SECURE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Security metrics; network security; attack graph; network hardening ID ATTACK GRAPHS; SYSTEM AB By enabling a direct comparison of different security solutions with respect to their relative effectiveness, a network security metric may provide quantifiable evidences to assist security practitioners in securing computer networks. However, research on security metrics has been hindered by difficulties in handling zero-day attacks exploiting unknown vulnerabilities. In fact, the security risk of unknown vulnerabilities has been considered as something unmeasurable due to the less predictable nature of software flaws. This causes a major difficulty to security metrics, because a more secure configuration would be of little value if it were equally susceptible to zero-day attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel security metric, k-zero day safety, to address this issue. Instead of attempting to rank unknown vulnerabilities, our metric counts how many such vulnerabilities would be required for compromising network assets; a larger count implies more security because the likelihood of having more unknown vulnerabilities available, applicable, and exploitable all at the same time will be significantly lower. We formally define the metric, analyze the complexity of computing the metric, devise heuristic algorithms for intractable cases, and finally demonstrate through case studies that applying the metric to existing network security practices may generate actionable knowledge. C1 [Wang, Lingyu; Cheng, Pengsu] Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Jajodia, Sushil; Noel, Steven] George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM wang@ciise.concordia.ca FU National Institutes of Standard and Technology [70NANB12H236]; Army Research Office under MURI award [W911NF-09-1-0525]; Army Research Office under DURIP Award [W911NF-11-1-0340]; Office of Naval Research [N000141210461]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [N01035] FX The work presented in this paper was supported in part by the National Institutes of Standard and Technology under grant number 70NANB12H236, the Army Research Office under MURI award number W911NF-09-1-0525 and DURIP Award W911NF-11-1-0340, by the Office of Naval Research under award number N000141210461, and by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Discovery Grant N01035. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsoring organizations. NR 43 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 22 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1545-5971 EI 1941-0018 J9 IEEE T DEPEND SECURE JI IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 11 IS 1 BP 30 EP 44 DI 10.1109/TDSC.2013.24 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AA7TZ UT WOS:000331301100004 ER PT J AU Phillips, PJ O'Toole, AJ AF Phillips, P. Jonathon O'Toole, Alice J. TI Comparison of human and computer performance across face recognition experiments SO IMAGE AND VISION COMPUTING LA English DT Review DE Face recognition; Algorithm performance; Human performance; Challenge problem ID PARTIAL LEAST-SQUARES; GRAND CHALLENGE; ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE; IDENTIFICATION; RACE; EIGENFACES; PEOPLE; VIDEO; OWN AB Since 2005, human and computer performance has been systematically compared as part of face recognition competitions, with results being reported for both still and video imagery. The key results from these competitions are reviewed. To analyze performance across studies, the cross-modal performance analysis (CMPA) framework is introduced. The CMPA framework is applied to experiments that were part of face a recognition competition. The analysis shows that for matching frontal faces in still images, algorithms are consistently superior to humans. For video and difficult still face pairs, humans are superior. Finally, based on the CMPA framework and a face performance index, we outline a challenge problem for developing algorithms that are superior to humans for the general face recognition problem. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O'Toole, Alice J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8490, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon@nist.gov; otoole@utdallas.edu FU Federal Bureau of Investigation; Department of Defense FX PJP was supported by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and AJO was supported by the Department of Defense. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by NIST or U of Texas at Dallas. NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0262-8856 EI 1872-8138 J9 IMAGE VISION COMPUT JI Image Vis. Comput. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 32 IS 1 BP 74 EP 85 DI 10.1016/j.imavis.2013.12.002 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA AB0RV UT WOS:000331500700007 ER PT J AU Bruns, MC Ezekoye, OA AF Bruns, M. C. Ezekoye, O. A. TI Modeling differential scanning calorimetry of thermally degrading thermoplastics SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS LA English DT Article DE Differential scanning calorimetry; Population balance equations; Pyrolysis; Devolatilization ID POLYETHYLENE; DEGRADATION; POLYMERS; PYROLYSIS; KINETICS; DECOMPOSITION; SCISSION; LIQUID; HEATS; FUEL AB Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of thermally degrading thermoplastics is modeled using a discrete population balance equation (PBE). The PBE allows for species mole change due to pyrolysis and bubbling mass loss. Efficient solution is achieved by lumping non-volatile species into a single, notional "polymer" species. Thermodynamic properties are calculated by group additivity techniques, and empirical corrections are made to account for the changes in specific heat capacity and enthalpy upon mixing. Simulation results for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are compared to literature data for DSC at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 K/min. The model predicts peak energy absorption rates to within 4% at the lowest heating rate. The heat of decomposition was found to be within 17% of literature values at all three heating rates. The predicted pyrolysis gas species distribution agrees well with literature gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) data. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bruns, M. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ezekoye, O. A.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Bruns, MC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM morgan.bruns@nist.gov; dezekoye@mail.utexas.edu FU Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) [DE-FC52-08NA28615]; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Research Council (NRC) Research Postdoctoral Associateship Award at the Engineering Laboratory; NIST FX This research was supported by the Department of Energy (National Nuclear Security Administration) under Award Number (DE-FC52-08NA28615) and partially performed while one of the authors (M. Bruns) held a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) National Research Council (NRC) Research Postdoctoral Associateship Award at the Engineering Laboratory. Funding for this award was provided by NIST. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2370 EI 1873-250X J9 J ANAL APPL PYROL JI J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis PD JAN PY 2014 VL 105 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.jaap.2013.11.010 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AA9NW UT WOS:000331421200029 ER PT J AU Fisher, KAG Broadbent, A Shalm, LK Yan, Z Lavoie, J Prevedel, R Jennewein, T Resch, KJ AF Fisher, K. A. G. Broadbent, A. Shalm, L. K. Yan, Z. Lavoie, J. Prevedel, R. Jennewein, T. Resch, K. J. TI Quantum computing on encrypted data SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE FEEDFORWARD; COMPUTATION; GATE AB The ability to perform computations on encrypted data is a powerful tool for protecting privacy. Recently, protocols to achieve this on classical computing systems have been found. Here, we present an efficient solution to the quantum analogue of this problem that enables arbitrary quantum computations to be carried out on encrypted quantum data. We prove that an untrusted server can implement a universal set of quantum gates on encrypted quantum bits (qubits) without learning any information about the inputs, while the client, knowing the decryption key, can easily decrypt the results of the computation. We experimentally demonstrate, using single photons and linear optics, the encryption and decryption scheme on a set of gates sufficient for arbitrary quantum computations. As our protocol requires few extra resources compared with other schemes it can be easily incorporated into the design of future quantum servers. These results will play a key role in enabling the development of secure distributed quantum systems. C1 [Fisher, K. A. G.; Broadbent, A.; Shalm, L. K.; Yan, Z.; Lavoie, J.; Prevedel, R.; Jennewein, T.; Resch, K. J.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Fisher, K. A. G.; Lavoie, J.; Jennewein, T.; Resch, K. J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Broadbent, A.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Math & Stat, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Shalm, L. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yan, Z.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MQ Photon Res Ctr, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Prevedel, R.] Max F Perutz Labs GmbH, Res Inst Mol Pathol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. RP Fisher, KAG (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM k8fisher@uwaterloo.ca RI Prevedel, Robert/L-3377-2014; OI Prevedel, Robert/0000-0003-3366-4703; Fisher, Kent/0000-0002-5581-8892 FU Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation ERA; QuantumWorks; NSERC; OCE; Industry Canada; CFI; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; FWF [J2960-N20]; MRI; VIPS Program of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research; City of Vienna; European Commission (Marie Curie, FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF) FX We are grateful for financial support from Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation ERA, QuantumWorks, NSERC, OCE, Industry Canada and CFI. A. B., L. K. S. and T.J. acknowledge the support of the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research. R. P. acknowledges support from the FWF (J2960-N20), MRI, the VIPS Program of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research and the City of Vienna as well as the European Commission (Marie Curie, FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF). A. B. is grateful to Serge Fehr for pointing out the proof technique of ref. 19 and its applicability to our scenario. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 18 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3074 DI 10.1038/ncomms4074 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA4RQ UT WOS:000331084200016 PM 24445949 ER PT J AU Putra, A Campbell, DL Price, RM De, S Spielman, IB AF Putra, Andika Campbell, Daniel L. Price, Ryan M. De, Subhadeep Spielman, I. B. TI Optimally focused cold atom systems obtained using density-density correlations SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; MOTT INSULATOR; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; GAS; PROPAGATION; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID; CLOUDS AB Resonant absorption imaging is a common technique for detecting the two-dimensional column density of ultracold atom systems. In many cases, the system's thickness along the imaging direction greatly exceeds the imaging system's depth of field, making the identification of the optimally focused configuration difficult. Here we describe a systematic technique for bringing Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) and other cold-atom systems into an optimal focus even when the ratio of the thickness to the depth of field is large: a factor of 8 in this demonstration with a BEC. This technique relies on defocus-induced artifacts in the Fourier-transformed density-density correlation function (the power spectral density, PSD). The spatial frequency at which these artifacts first appear in the PSD is maximized on focus; the focusing process therefore both identifies and maximizes the range of spatial frequencies over which the PSD is uncontaminated by finite-thickness effects. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. C1 [Putra, Andika; Campbell, Daniel L.; Price, Ryan M.; De, Subhadeep; Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Putra, Andika; Campbell, Daniel L.; Price, Ryan M.; De, Subhadeep; Spielman, I. B.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [De, Subhadeep] CSIR, Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. RP Putra, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. FU NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO; Atomtronics MURI; DARPA's OLE Program FX We thank F. E. Becerra, A. Hu, and W. D. Phillips for a careful reading of the article. We acknowledge the financial support from the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 85 IS 1 AR 013110 DI 10.1063/1.4862046 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AA6OI UT WOS:000331217300011 PM 24517748 ER PT S AU Burge, CA Eakin, CM Friedman, CS Froelich, B Hershberger, PK Hofmann, EE Petes, LE Prager, KC Weil, E Willis, BL Ford, SE Harvell, CD AF Burge, Colleen A. Eakin, C. Mark Friedman, Carolyn S. Froelich, Brett Hershberger, Paul K. Hofmann, Eileen E. Petes, Laura E. Prager, Katherine C. Weil, Ernesto Willis, Bette L. Ford, Susan E. Harvell, C. Drew BE Carlson, CA Giovannoni, SJ TI Climate Change Influences on Marine Infectious Diseases: Implications for Management and Society SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL 6 SE Annual Review of Marine Science LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE epizootics; mass mortalities; health; oceans; ocean warming ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; ABALONE HALIOTIS-RUFESCENS; HAPLOSPORIDIUM-NELSONI MSX; CANDIDATUS-XENOHALIOTIS-CALIFORNIENSIS; DOLPHINS STENELLA-COERULEOALBA; RICKETTSIALES-LIKE PROKARYOTE; CARIBBEAN ELKHORN CORAL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; BLACK BAND DISEASE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF AB Infectious diseases are common in marine environments, but the effects of a changing climate on marine pathogens are not well understood. Here we review current knowledge about how the climate drives host-pathogen interactions and infectious disease outbreaks. Climate-related impacts on marine diseases are being documented in corals, shellfish, finfish, and humans; these impacts are less clearly linked for other organisms. Oceans and people are inextricably linked, and marine diseases can both directly and indirectly affect human health, livelihoods, and well-being. We recommend an adaptive management approach to better increase the resilience of ocean systems vulnerable to marine diseases in a changing climate. Land-based management methods of quarantining, culling, and vaccinating are not successful in the ocean; therefore, forecasting conditions that lead to outbreaks and designing tools/approaches to influence these conditions may be the best way to manage marine disease. C1 [Burge, Colleen A.; Harvell, C. Drew] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Friedman, Carolyn S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Froelich, Brett] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Hershberger, Paul K.] US Geol Survey, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Nordland, WA 98358 USA. [Hofmann, Eileen E.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Petes, Laura E.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Prager, Katherine C.] NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Weil, Ernesto] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00680 USA. [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Australian Res Council Ctr Excellence Coral Reef, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Willis, Bette L.] James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Ford, Susan E.] Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USA. RP Burge, CA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cab433@cornell.edu; mark.eakin@noaa.gov; carolynf@uw.edu; bafroeli@unc.edu; phershberger@usgs.gov; hofmann@ccpo.odu.edu; laura.petes@noaa.gov; kcprager@ucla.edu; reefpal@gmail.com; bette.willis@jcu.edu.au; susan@hsrl.rutgers.edu; cdh5@cornell.edu RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 NR 198 TC 83 Z9 87 U1 25 U2 214 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1941-1405 BN 978-0-8243-4506-8 J9 ANNU REV MAR SCI JI Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. PY 2014 VL 6 BP 249 EP 277 DI 10.1146/annurev-marine-010213-135029 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA BJQ32 UT WOS:000329657800012 PM 23808894 ER PT J AU Fry, MM Schwarzkopf, MD Adelman, Z West, JJ AF Fry, M. M. Schwarzkopf, M. D. Adelman, Z. West, J. J. TI Air quality and radiative forcing impacts of anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions from ten world regions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; RANGE OZONE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NEAR-TERM; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PRECURSOR EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; NOX AB Non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) influence air quality and global climate change through their effects on secondary air pollutants and climate forcers. Here we simulate the air quality and radiative forcing (RF) impacts of changes in ozone, methane, and sulfate from halving anthropogenic NMVOC emissions globally and from 10 regions individually, using a global chemical transport model and a standalone radiative transfer model. Halving global NMVOC emissions decreases global annual average tropospheric methane and ozone by 36.6 ppbv and 3.3 Tg, respectively, and surface ozone by 0.67 ppbv. All regional reductions slow the production of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), resulting in regional to intercontinental PAN decreases and regional NOx increases. These NOx increases drive tropospheric ozone increases nearby or downwind of source regions in the Southern Hemisphere (South America, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Australia). Some regions' NMVOC emissions contribute importantly to air pollution in other regions, such as East Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, whose impact on US surface ozone is 43%, 34 %, and 34%of North America's impact. Global and regional NMVOC reductions produce widespread negative net RFs (cooling) across both hemispheres from tropospheric ozone and methane decreases, and regional warming and cooling from changes in tropospheric ozone and sulfate (via several oxidation pathways). The 100 yr and 20 yr global warming potentials (GWP(100), GWP(20)) are 2.36 and 5.83 for the global reduction, and 0.079 to 6.05 and -1.13 to 18.9 among the 10 regions. The NMVOC RF and GWP estimates are generally lower than previously modeled estimates, due to the greater NMVOC/NOx emissions ratios simulated, which result in less sensitivity to NMVOC emissions changes and smaller global O-3 burden responses, in addition to differences in the representation of NMVOCs and oxidation chemistry among models. Accounting for a fuller set of RF contributions may change the relative magnitude of each region's impacts. The large variability in the RF and GWP of NMVOCs among regions suggest that regionally specific metrics may be necessary to include NMVOCs in multi-gas climate trading schemes. C1 [Fry, M. M.; Adelman, Z.; West, J. J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Schwarzkopf, M. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP West, JJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. EM jjwest@email.unc.edu RI West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 FU US EPA under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program; US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards FX This research has been funded by the US EPA under the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Graduate Fellowship Program (M. Fry), and by the US EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. EPA has not officially endorsed this report, and the views expressed herein may not reflect the views of EPA. We acknowledge contributions from V. Naik (UCAR/NOAA GFDL) to the methodology and development of the manuscript. We also thank L. Emmons (UCAR) for observation comparison tools, L. Emmons and S. Walters (UCAR) for MOZART-4 guidance, and W. J. Collins (University of Reading) for GWP calculation methodology. NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 BP 523 EP 535 DI 10.5194/acp-14-523-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA1JZ UT WOS:000330853800001 ER PT J AU Cressot, C Chevallier, F Bousquet, P Crevoisier, C Dlugokencky, EJ Fortems-Cheiney, A Frankenberg, C Parker, R Pison, I Scheepmaker, RA Montzka, SA Krummel, PB Steele, LP Langenfelds, RL AF Cressot, C. Chevallier, F. Bousquet, P. Crevoisier, C. Dlugokencky, E. J. Fortems-Cheiney, A. Frankenberg, C. Parker, R. Pison, I. Scheepmaker, R. A. Montzka, S. A. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Langenfelds, R. L. TI On the consistency between global and regional methane emissions inferred from SCIAMACHY, TANSO-FTS, IASI and surface measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; DATA ASSIMILATION; CO2 SOURCES; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; MODEL; SINKS; INVERSION; HYDROXYL; SPACE AB Satellite retrievals of methane weighted atmospheric columns are assimilated within a Bayesian inversion system to infer the global and regional methane emissions and sinks for the period August 2009 to July 2010. Inversions are independently computed from three different space-borne observing systems and one surface observing system under several hypotheses for prior-flux and observation errors. Posterior methane emissions are compared and evaluated against surface mole fraction observations via a chemistry-transport model. Apart from SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY), the simulations agree fairly well with the surface mole fractions. The most consistent configurations of this study using TANSO-FTS (Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation - Fourier Transform Spectrometer), IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) or surface measurements induce posterior methane global emissions of, respectively, 565 +/- 21 Tg yr(-1), 549 +/- 36 Tg yr(-1) and 538 +/- 15 Tg yr(-1) over the one-year period August 2009-July 2010. This consistency between the satellite retrievals (apart from SCIAMACHY) and independent surface measurements is promising for future improvement of CH4 emission estimates by atmospheric inversions. C1 [Cressot, C.; Chevallier, F.; Bousquet, P.; Fortems-Cheiney, A.; Pison, I.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Crevoisier, C.] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Lab Meteorol Dynam, IPSL, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Dlugokencky, E. J.; Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Space Res Ctr, Leicester, Leics, England. [Scheepmaker, R. A.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.; Langenfelds, R. L.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. RP Cressot, C (reprint author), Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM cindy.cressot@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU CNES; CEA; Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program FX The first author is funded by CNES and CEA. This work was performed using HPC resources from DSM-CCRT and [CCRT/CINES/IDRIS] under the allocation 2012-t2012012201 made by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif). We also thank the computing support team of the LSCE led by F. Marabelle. We aknowledge the contributors to the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases for providing their data of methane and methyl-chloroform atmospheric mole fractions. The authors thank in particular S. Piacentino (ENEA), T. Kawasato (JMA) and S. Nichol (NIWA). NOAA authors receive partial funding for their measurements and research from the Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program. NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 BP 577 EP 592 DI 10.5194/acp-14-577-2014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA1JZ UT WOS:000330853800005 ER PT J AU Moody, JL Keene, WC Cooper, OR Voss, KJ Aryal, R Eckhardt, S Holben, B Maben, JR Izaguirre, MA Galloway, JN AF Moody, J. L. Keene, W. C. Cooper, O. R. Voss, K. J. Aryal, R. Eckhardt, S. Holben, B. Maben, J. R. Izaguirre, M. A. Galloway, J. N. TI Flow climatology for physicochemical properties of dichotomous aerosol over the western North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OPTICAL DEPTH; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; ELEMENTAL CARBON; LIGHT-SCATTERING; UNITED-STATES; SULFATE; ATMOSPHERE; TRANSPORT AB Dichotomous aerosols (nominal super- and sub-mu m-diameter size fractions) in sectored on-shore flow were sampled daily from July 2006 through June 2009, at the Tudor Hill Atmospheric Observatory (THAO) on the western coast of Bermuda (32.27 degrees N, 64.87 degrees W) and analyzed for major chemical and physical properties. FLEXPART retroplumes were calculated for each sampling period and aerosol properties were stratified accordingly based on transport from different regions. Transport from the northeastern United States (NEUS) was associated with significantly higher (factors of 2 to 3 based on median values) concentrations of bulk particulate non-sea-salt (nss) SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ and associated scattering and absorption at 530 nm, relative to transport from Africa (AFR) and the oceanic background. These differences were driven primarily by higher values associated with the sub-mu m size fraction under NEUS flow. We estimate that 75(+/- 3)% of the NEUS nss SO42- was anthropogenic in origin, while only 25(+/- 9)% of the AFR nss SO42- was anthropogenic. Integrating over all transport patterns, the contribution of anthropogenic sulfate has dropped 14.6% from the early 1990s. Bulk scattering was highly correlated with bulk nss SO42- in all flow regimes but the corresponding regression slopes varied significantly reflecting differential contributions to total scattering by associated aerosol components. Absorption by super-mu m aerosol in transport from the NEUS versus AFR was similar although the super-mu m aerosol size fraction accounted for a relatively greater contribution to total absorption in AFR flow. Significantly greater absorption Angstrom exponents (AAEs) for AFR flow reflects the wavelength dependence of absorption by mineral aerosols; lower AAEs for NEUS flow is consistent with the dominance of absorption by combustion-derived aerosols. Higher AOD associated with transport from both the NEUS and AFR relative to oceanic background flow results in a top of atmosphere direct radiative forcing on the order of -1.6 to -2.5W m(-2), respectively, showing these aerosols drive cooling. The dominance of transport from the NEUS on an annual basis coupled with the corresponding decreases in anthropogenic nss SO42- aerosols since the early 1990s implies that emission reductions in the US account for a decline in atmospheric cooling over the western North Atlantic Ocean during this period. C1 [Moody, J. L.; Keene, W. C.; Maben, J. R.; Galloway, J. N.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Voss, K. J.; Aryal, R.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Miami, FL USA. [Eckhardt, S.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Holben, B.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Izaguirre, M. A.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL USA. RP Moody, JL (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. EM moody@virginia.edu RI Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Voss, Kenneth /A-5328-2013; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Voss, Kenneth /0000-0002-7860-5080; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375; FU National Science Foundation [AGS 0541570, AGS 0541566]; NASA through the AERONET and MPLNET programs FX We thank Kim Zeeh and Chris Marsay for assisting in field operations and dataprocessing. Peter Sedwick and Andrew Peters supervised operations at the observatory and the Bermuda Institute for Ocean Sciences provided outstanding logistical support. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through awards to the University of Virginia (AGS 0541570) and the University of Miami (AGS 0541566). Additional support was provided by NASA through the AERONET and MPLNET programs. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 BP 691 EP 717 DI 10.5194/acp-14-691-2014 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA1JZ UT WOS:000330853800012 ER PT J AU Lei, H Wuebbles, DJ Liang, XZ Tao, Z Olsen, S Artz, R Ren, X Cohen, M AF Lei, H. Wuebbles, D. J. Liang, X. -Z. Tao, Z. Olsen, S. Artz, R. Ren, X. Cohen, M. TI Projections of atmospheric mercury levels and their effect on air quality in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS ELEMENTAL MERCURY; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR/SURFACE EXCHANGE; VOLCANIC EMISSIONS; GREAT-LAKES; EAST-ASIA; MODEL; TRANSPORT; OXIDATION; OZONE AB The individual and combined effects of global climate change and emissions changes from 2000 to 2050 on atmospheric mercury levels in the United States are investigated by using the global climate-chemistry model, CAM-Chem, coupled with a mercury chemistry-physics mechanism (CAM-Chem/Hg). Three future pathways from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) are considered, with the A1FI, A1B and B1 scenarios representing the upper, middle and lower bounds of potential climate warming, respectively. The anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of mercury are projected from the energy use assumptions in the IPCC SRES report. Natural emissions from both land and ocean sources are projected by using dynamic schemes. TGM concentration increases are greater in the low latitudes than they are in the high latitudes, indicative of a larger meridional gradient than in the present day. In the A1FI scenario, TGM concentrations in 2050 are projected to increase by 2.1-4.0 ng m(-3) for the eastern US and 1.4-3.0 ng m(-3) for the western US. This spatial difference corresponds to potential increases in wet deposition of 10-14 mu g m(-2) for the eastern US and 2-4 mu g m(-2) for the western US. The increase in Hg(II) emissions tends to enhance wet deposition and hence increase the risk of higher mercury entering the hydrological cycle and ecosystem. In the B1 scenario, mercury concentrations in 2050 are similar to present level concentrations; this finding indicates that the domestic reduction in mercury emissions is essentially counteracted by the effects of climate warming and emissions increases in other regions. The sensitivity analyses show that changes in anthropogenic emissions contribute 32-53% of projected changes in mercury air concentration, while the independent contribution by climate change and its induced natural emissions change accounts for 47-68%. C1 [Lei, H.; Artz, R.; Ren, X.; Cohen, M.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lei, H.; Wuebbles, D. J.; Olsen, S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Lei, H.] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Liang, X. -Z.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liang, X. -Z.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tao, Z.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Univ Space Res Assoc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Lei, H (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hang.lei@noaa.gov RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015; Cohen, Mark/P-6936-2015; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697; Cohen, Mark/0000-0003-3183-2558; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666 FU US Environmental Protection Agency Science [EPA RD-83337301]; National Research Council (NRC) FX The research was supported in part by the US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (STAR) Program under award number EPA RD-83337301. The research was also supported by the National Research Council (NRC) Associateship Awards. The authors acknowledge DOE/NERSC and NCSA/UIUC for the supercomputing support. We appreciate D. Streets' work on Hg emissions projections and W. Luke's comments during the manuscript preparation. We also appreciate help from the editor and reviewers of this article. Their works significantly improve the quality of this article. NR 53 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 2 BP 783 EP 795 DI 10.5194/acp-14-783-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA1JZ UT WOS:000330853800017 ER PT J AU Stauffer, RM Morris, GA Thompson, AM Joseph, E Coetzee, GJR Nalli, NR AF Stauffer, R. M. Morris, G. A. Thompson, A. M. Joseph, E. Coetzee, G. J. R. Nalli, N. R. TI Propagation of radiosonde pressure sensor errors to ozonesonde measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID RADIATION DRY BIAS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; STOIC 1989; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; STRATOSPHERE; SENSITIVITY; VALIDATION; UMKEHR AB Several previous studies highlight pressure (or equivalently, pressure altitude) discrepancies between the radiosonde pressure sensor and that derived from a GPS flown with the radiosonde. The offsets vary during the ascent both in absolute and percent pressure differences. To investigate this problem further, a total of 731 radiosonde/ozonesonde launches from the Southern Hemisphere subtropics to northern mid-latitudes are considered, with launches between 2005 and 2013 from both longer term and campaign-based intensive stations. Five series of radiosondes from two manufacturers (International Met Systems: iMet, iMet-P, iMet-S, and Vaisala: RS80-15N and RS92-SGP) are analyzed to determine the magnitude of the pressure offset. Additionally, electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) ozonesondes from three manufacturers (Science Pump Corporation; SPC and ENSCI/Droplet Measurement Technologies; DMT) are analyzed to quantify the effects these offsets have on the calculation of ECC ozone (O-3) mixing ratio profiles (O-3MR) from the ozonesonde-measured partial pressure. Approximately half of all offsets are > +/- 0.6 hPa in the free troposphere, with nearly a third >+/- 1.0 hPa at 26 km, where the 1.0 hPa error represents similar to 5% of the total atmospheric pressure. Pressure offsets have negligible effects on O-3MR below 20 km (96% of launches lie within +/- 5% O-3MR error at 20 km). Ozone mixing ratio errors above 10 hPa (similar to 30 km), can approach greater than +/- 10% (> 25% of launches that reach 30 km exceed this threshold). These errors cause disagreement between the integrated ozonesonde-only column O-3 from the GPS and radiosonde pressure profile by an average of + 6.5 DU. Comparisons of total column O-3 between the GPS and radiosonde pressure profiles yield average differences of + 1.1 DU when the O-3 is integrated to burst with addition of the McPeters and Labow (2012) above-burst O3 column climatology. Total column differences are reduced to an average of -0.5DU when the O-3 profile is integrated to 10 hPa with subsequent addition of the O-3 climatology above 10 hPa. The RS92 radiosondes are superior in performance compared to other radiosondes, with average 26 km errors of -0.12 hPa or + 0.61% O-3MR error. iMet-P radiosondes had average 26 km errors of -1.95 hPa or + 8.75% O-3MR error. Based on our analysis, we suggest that ozonesondes always be coupled with a GPS-enabled radiosonde and that pressure-dependent variables, such as O-3MR, be recalculated/ reprocessed using the GPS-measured altitude, especially when 26 km pressure offsets exceed +/- 1.0 hPa/+/- 5 %. C1 [Stauffer, R. M.; Thompson, A. M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Morris, G. A.] Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. [Thompson, A. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Joseph, E.] Howard Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Coetzee, G. J. R.] South African Weather Serv, Pretoria, South Africa. [Nalli, N. R.] NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Stauffer, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rms5539@psu.edu RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Stauffer, Ryan/0000-0002-8583-7795 FU US-South Africa Fulbright Scholar Program [NNX09AJ236, NNX10AR39G, NNX12AF056]; Japan-US. Educational Commission; NASA's Division of Earth Science Aura Data Validation Program; INTEX-B Mission; TC4 Mission; Texas Commission for Environmental Quality FX This work was supported by grants NNX09AJ236 (SHADOZ), NNX10AR39G (DISCOVERAQ), and NNX12AF056 to Penn State University with additional support to Anne Thompson from the US-South Africa Fulbright Scholar Program (2010-2011). Funding for Gary Morris was provided by a Fulbright Scholar Grant from the Japan-US. Educational Commission, NASA's Division of Earth Science Aura Data Validation Program (D. Considine and E. Hilsenrath, program managers), INTEX-B Mission, and TC4 Mission, and the Texas Commission for Environmental Quality. Original identification and analysis work for this problem began with Elizabeth Thompson at Valparaiso. Special thanks to hosts in Japan during Gary Morris' Fulbright: Jun Hirokawa and Fumio Hasebe (Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan) and Hajime Akimoto (Frontier Research Center for Global Change, Yokohama, Japan). Thanks also to Barry Lefer at University of Houston (Houston, TX) and Bob Heinemann at the Oklahoma State University Kiamichi Forestry Research Station (Idabel, OK) and to the many students who have been involved in the ozonesonde launches from the various sites over the years. Access to Beltsville data was facilitated by Cassie Stearns at the Howard University Beltsville Center for Climate Studies and Observation. Thanks to Frederick Clowney and Joe Barnes at International Met Systems for additional information and assistance. The authors would also like to thank three anonymous reviewers as well as M. Shiotani, Y. Inai, M. Fujiwara and F. Hasebe for comments which greatly improved this manuscript. NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 65 EP 79 DI 10.5194/amt-7-65-2014 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2SW UT WOS:000330945400005 ER PT J AU Kuai, L Worden, J Kulawik, SS Montzka, SA Liu, J AF Kuai, L. Worden, J. Kulawik, S. S. Montzka, S. A. Liu, J. TI Characterization of Aura TES carbonyl sulfide retrievals over ocean SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC EMISSION SPECTROMETER; AEROSOL; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IMPACT; WINDOW; CYCLE; COS AB We present a description of the NASA Aura Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) carbonyl sulfide (OCS) retrieval algorithm for oceanic observations, along with evaluation of the biases and uncertainties using aircraft profiles from the HIPPO (HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations) campaign and data from the NOAA Mauna Loa site. In general, the OCS retrievals (1) have less than 1.0 degree of freedom for signals (DOFs), (2) are sensitive in the mid-troposphere with a peak sensitivity typically between 300 and 500 hPa, (3) but have much smaller systematic errors from temperature, CO2 and H2O calibrations relative to random errors from measurement noise. We estimate the monthly means from TES measurements averaged over multiple years so that random errors are reduced and useful information about OCS seasonal and latitudinal variability can be derived. With this averaging, TES OCS data are found to be consistent (within the calculated uncertainties) with NOAA ground observations and HIPPO aircraft measurements. TES OCS data also captures the seasonal and latitudinal variations observed by these in situ data. C1 [Kuai, L.; Liu, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Worden, J.; Kulawik, S. S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kuai, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM lkuai@jpl.nasa.gov FU NSF [ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, ATM-0628388]; National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) FX This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We thank and acknowledge Steve Wofsy, Elliot Atlas, Benjamin R. Miller, Fred Moore, James Elkins, and all other HIPPO team members (the pilots, mechanics, technicians, and scientific crew) for making the HIPPO data available. HIPPO was supported by NSF grants ATM-0628575, ATM-0628519, and ATM-0628388, and by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is supported by the NSF. The authors also wish to thank Yuk Yung, Elliott Campbell, Joe Berry, and Ian Baker for helpful discussions. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 163 EP 172 DI 10.5194/amt-7-163-2014 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2SW UT WOS:000330945400012 ER PT J AU Huang, LK DeLand, MT Taylor, SL Flynn, LE AF Huang, L. K. DeLand, M. T. Taylor, S. L. Flynn, L. E. TI Characterization of in band stray light in SBUV/2 instruments SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SOLAR BACKSCATTER ULTRAVIOLET; TOTAL OZONE; CALIBRATION; ALGORITHM AB Significant in-band stray light (IBSL) error at solar zenith angle (SZA) values larger than 77 degrees near sunset in 4 SBUV/2 (Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet) instruments, on board the NOAA-14, 17, 18 and 19 satellites, has been characterized. The IBSL error is caused by large surface reflection and scattering of the air-gapped depolarizer in front of the instrument's monochromator aperture. The source of the IBSL error is direct solar illumination of instrument components near the aperture rather than from earth shine. The IBSL contamination at 273 nm can reach 40% of earth radiance near sunset, which results in as much as a 50% error in the retrieved ozone from the upper stratosphere. We have analyzed SBUV/2 albedo measurements on both the dayside and nightside to develop an empirical model for the IBSL error. This error has been corrected in the V8.6 SBUV/2 ozone retrieval. C1 [Huang, L. K.; DeLand, M. T.; Taylor, S. L.] SSAI, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Flynn, L. E.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Huang, LK (reprint author), SSAI, 10210 Greenbelt Rd,Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM liang-kang.huang@ssaihq.com RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 FU NASA [NNG 12HP08C] FX This work was supported by NASA through contract NNG 12HP08C. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 267 EP 278 DI 10.5194/amt-7-267-2014 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2SW UT WOS:000330945400019 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AS Zerbini, AN Vasquez, OV Gandilhon, N Clapham, PJ Adam, O AF Kennedy, A. S. Zerbini, A. N. Vasquez, O. V. Gandilhon, N. Clapham, P. J. Adam, O. TI Local and migratory movements of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) satellite-tracked in the North Atlantic Ocean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; migration; satellite telemetry; North Atlantic; breeding ground; movements ID STATE-SPACE MODEL; WEST-INDIES; FEEDING GROUNDS; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; COMPETITIVE GROUPS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SOUTHERN GULF; TELEMETRY; HABITAT; DESTINATIONS AB North Atlantic humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski, 1781)) migrate from high-latitude summer feeding grounds to low-latitude winter breeding grounds along the Antillean Island chain. In the winters and springs of 2008 through 2012, satellite tags were deployed on humpback whales on Silver Bank (Dominican Republic) and in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) breeding areas. Whales were monitored, on average, for 26 days (range = 4-90 days). Some animals remained near their tagging location for multiple days before beginning their northerly migration, yet some visited habitats along the northwestern coast of the Dominican Republic, northern Haiti, the Turks and Caicos islands, and off Anguilla. Individuals monitored during migration headed towards feeding grounds in the Gulf of Maine (USA), Canada, and the eastern North Atlantic (Iceland or Norway). One individual traveled near Bermuda during the migration. This study provides the first detailed description of routes used by North Atlantic humpback whales towards multiple feeding destinations. Additionally, it corroborates previous research showing that individuals from multiple feeding grounds migrate to the Antilles for the breeding season. This study indicates that North Atlantic humpbacks use an area broader than the existing boundaries of marine mammal sanctuaries, which should provide justification for their expansion. C1 [Kennedy, A. S.; Zerbini, A. N.; Clapham, P. J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kennedy, A. S.; Adam, O.] Univ Paris 11, CNRS UMR 8195, Ctr Neurosci Paris Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Zerbini, A. N.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Vasquez, O. V.] ATEMAR, Santo Domingo 11103, Dominican Rep. [Gandilhon, N.] Univ French West Indies, DYNECAR Marine Lab, St Claude 97159, Guadeloupe. [Adam, O.] Univ UPMC, CNRS UMR 7190, Inst Jean Le Rond Alembert, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Kennedy, AS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM amy.kennedy@noaa.gov RI Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 NR 76 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 8 U2 81 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 92 IS 1 BP 9 EP 18 DI 10.1139/cjz-2013-0161 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AA4OW UT WOS:000331076500002 ER PT J AU Tian, F France, K Linsky, JL Mauas, PJD Vieytes, MC AF Tian, Feng France, Kevin Linsky, Jeffrey L. Mauas, Pablo J. D. Vieytes, Mariela C. TI High stellar FUV/NUV ratio and oxygen contents in the atmospheres of potentially habitable planets SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE biosignature; habitable planet; exoplanet; atmosphere photochemistry ID EARTHS EARLY ATMOSPHERE; OXIDATION-STATE; M-DWARFS; STARS; EXOPLANET; FLUXES; LIFE; O-2; BIOSIGNATURES; ENVIRONMENT AB Recent observations of several planet-hosting M dwarfs show that most have FUV/NUV flux ratios 1000 times greater than that of the Sun. Here we show that the atmospheric oxygen contents (O-2 and O-3) of potentially habitable planets in this type of UV environment could be 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than those of their counterparts around Sun-like stars as a result of decreased photolysis of O-3, H2O2, and HO2. Thus detectable levels of atmospheric oxygen, in combination with the existence of H2O and CO2, may not be the most promising biosignatures on planets around stars with high FUV/NUV ratios such as the observed M dwarfs. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tian, Feng] Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tian, Feng] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mauas, Pablo J. D.; Vieytes, Mariela C.] CONICET UBA, Inst Astron & Fis Espacio, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Tian, F (reprint author), Natl Astron Observ China, Beijing, Peoples R China. RI Tian, Feng/C-1344-2015 OI Tian, Feng/0000-0002-9607-560X NR 33 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X EI 1385-013X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 385 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.024 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AA3WD UT WOS:000331025000003 ER PT J AU Cooper, WA Jucker, M Graves, JP AF Cooper, W. A. Jucker, M. Graves, J. P. TI SELF-CONSISTENT SIMULATIONS OF ICRH WITH THE BACKGROUND EQUILIBRIUM IN TOKAMAKS AND STELLARATORS SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stellarator; tokamak; integrated modeling ID CYCLOTRON; PLASMAS; MODEL AB The SCENIC code package has been developed to integrate self-consistently an anisotropic pressure magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium state with power absorption from ion cyclotron resonance heating and with a guiding center particle distribution function for the energetic particles generated in three-dimensional geometry. The main novelty constitutes the inclusion of the background equilibrium state in the iterative procedure, an approach that has not been previously addressed. Applications to tokamaks and stellarators demonstrate viability of the model considered. C1 [Cooper, W. A.; Graves, J. P.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Associat Euratom Confederat Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Jucker, M.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Cooper, WA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Ctr Rech Phys Plasmas, Associat Euratom Confederat Suisse, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM wilfred.cooper@epfl.ch RI Jucker, Martin/C-3914-2014; EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016 OI Jucker, Martin/0000-0002-4227-315X; FU Swiss National Science Foundation; Swiss National Supercomputing Centre [s449] FX This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation. The numerical computations were performed at Swiss National Supercomputing Centre under project ID:s449. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOC PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 EI 1943-7641 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 65 IS 1 SI SI BP 154 EP 156 PG 3 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA AA0XM UT WOS:000330820700013 ER PT J AU Methot, RD Tromble, GR Lambert, DM Greene, KE AF Methot, R. D., Jr. Tromble, G. R. Lambert, D. M. Greene, K. E. TI Implementing a science-based system for preventing overfishing and guiding sustainable fisheries in the United States SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE annual catch limits; MagnusonStevens Act; National Standard guidelines; rebuilding; US fisheries management ID SURPLUS PRODUCTION MODELS; FISH STOCK ASSESSMENT; US FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; UNCERTAINTY; PROGRESS AB Fisheries management in the United States is primarily governed by the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, first enacted in 1976. Overarching principles are that fishing mortality rates should not jeopardize the capacity of a stock to produce maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and that overfished stocks (i.e. biomass is too low) should be rebuilt to the level that will support MSY. The science-based system for achieving sustainable fisheries is implemented, in part, through setting annual catch limits (ACLs) that cannot exceed the acceptable biological catch that is recommended by Scientific and Statistical Committees using methods that account for scientific uncertainty. Accountability measures (AMs) are management measures to prevent ACLs from being exceeded or correct any overages that occur. Implementation in 2012 of ACLs and AMs in all Federal fisheries was a historical achievement in the United States; one that will help rebuild stocks and ensure sustainable fisheries into the future. Some remaining challenges include: determining appropriate catch levels and management approaches for stocks with incomplete data; assessing more stocks, more frequently; addressing differences between managing stocks as a complex vs. managing individual stocks in a multistock fishery; and incorporating social and economic factors in determining the appropriate response to uncertainty. C1 [Methot, R. D., Jr.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Tromble, G. R.; Lambert, D. M.; Greene, K. E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Methot, RD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM richard.methot@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 21 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 183 EP 194 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst119 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AA1GH UT WOS:000330844100005 ER PT J AU Kaplan, IC Holland, DS Fulton, EA AF Kaplan, Isaac C. Holland, Daniel S. Fulton, Elizabeth A. TI Finding the accelerator and brake in an individual quota fishery: linking ecology, economics, and fleet dynamics of US West Coast trawl fisheries SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE catch shares; ecosystem model; fleet dynamics; individual transferrable quotas; US West Coast ID TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CATCH SHARES; MANAGEMENT; IMPACTS; MODEL; MARKETS; BYCATCH AB In 2011, the Pacific Fisheries Management Council implemented an individual transferrable quota (ITQ) system for the US West Coast groundfish trawl fleet. Under the ITQ system, each vessel now receives transferrable annual allocations of quota for 29 groundfish species, including target and bycatch species. Here we develop an ecosystem and fleet dynamics model to identify which components of an ITQ system are likely to drive responses in effort, target species catch, bycatch, and overall profitability. In the absence of penalties for discarding over-quota fish, ITQs lead to large increases in fishing effort and bycatch. The penalties fishermen expect for exceeding quota have the largest effect on fleet behaviour, capping effort and total bycatch. Quota prices for target or bycatch species have lesser impacts on fishing dynamics, even up to bycatch quota prices of $50 kg(-1). Ports that overlap less with bycatch species can increase effort under individual quotas, while other ports decrease effort. Relative to a prior management system, ITQs with penalties for exceeding quotas lead to increased target species landings and lower bycatch, but with strong variation among species. The model illustrates how alternative fishery management policies affect profitability, sustainability and the ecosystem. C1 [Kaplan, Isaac C.; Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Fulton, Elizabeth A.] CSIRO Wealth Oceans Flagship, Div Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Kaplan, IC (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Isaac.Kaplan@noaa.gov RI Fulton, Elizabeth/A-2871-2008; OI Fulton, Elizabeth/0000-0002-5904-7917; Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X FU NOAA Economics and Social Analysis Division; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX This work was supported by the NOAA Economics and Social Analysis Division. EAF and ICK were supported in part by grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 25 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 308 EP 319 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst114 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AA1GH UT WOS:000330844100019 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Zwolinski, JP AF Demer, David A. Zwolinski, Juan P. TI Corroboration and refinement of a method for differentiating landings from two stocks of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance; biomass; differentiation; distribution; exploitation; mortality ID ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; WEST-COAST; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; SPAWNING HABITAT; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; MIGRATION AB Efforts to survey, assess and manage Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current may depend on accurate differentiation of the purported two migrating stocks. The southern stock spans seasonally from southern Baja California, Mexico to Point Conception, California; the northern stock spans seasonally from Punta Eugenia, Mexico northwards to southern Alaska. Their seasonal north-south migrations are approximately synchronous within their respective domains, resulting in segregated spawning and different identities. A decade ago, a practical method was proposed for differentiating landings from the two stocks using concomitant measurements of sea-surface temperature (SST). Here, we corroborate and refine the method using regional indices of optimal and good potential habitat for the northern stock, and SST-based indices associated with the 99.9 and 100% confidence intervals of the potential habitat. For months when the index is,0.5, (i.e. when the minority of a fishing region probably includes potential northern stock habitat), the landings are attributed to the southern stock, and vice versa. We applied this method to regional monthly landings data from 2006-2011 and the results indicated that an average of 63-72 and 32-36% of the summertime landings at Ensenada, Mexico and San Pedro, southern California were probably from the southern stock, respectively, depending on the index used. Allocation error could be reduced if the landings were evaluated on finer spatio-temporal scales, particularly during habitat-transition periods. Our method may be used to improve estimates of northern stock biomass, spatial and length distributions, recruitment, and mortality. C1 [Demer, David A.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. [Zwolinski, Juan P.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, San Diego, CA 92037 USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst135 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AA1GH UT WOS:000330844100021 ER PT J AU Guirguis, K Gershunov, A Tardy, A Basu, R AF Guirguis, Kristen Gershunov, Alexander Tardy, Alexander Basu, Rupa TI The Impact of Recent Heat Waves on Human Health in California SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Temperature; Emergency preparedness; Planning; Regional effects; Societal impacts ID HIGH AMBIENT-TEMPERATURE; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; VARIABILITY; VISITS; CITIES; ROLES AB This study examines the health impacts of recent heat waves statewide and for six subregions of California: the north and south coasts, the Central Valley, the Mojave Desert, southern deserts, and northern forests. By using canonical correlation analysis applied to daily maximum temperatures and morbidity data in the form of unscheduled hospitalizations from 1999 to 2009, 19 heat waves spanning 3-15 days in duration that had a significant impact on health were identified. On average, hospital admissions were found to increase by 7% on the peak heat-wave day, with a significant impact seen for several disease categories, including cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, dehydration, acute renal failure, heat illness, and mental health. Statewide, there were 11 000 excess hospitalizations that were due to extreme heat over the period, yet the majority of impactful events were not accompanied by a heat advisory or warning from the National Weather Service. On a regional basis, the strongest health impacts are seen in the Central Valley and the north and south coasts. The north coast contributes disproportionately to the statewide health impact during heat waves, with a 10.5% increase in daily morbidity at heat-wave peak as compared with 8.1% for the Central Valley and 5.6% for the south coast. The temperature threshold at which an impact is seen varies by subregion and timing within the season. These results suggest that heat-warning criteria should consider local percentile thresholds to account for acclimation to local climatological conditions as well as the seasonal timing of a forecast heat wave. C1 [Guirguis, Kristen; Gershunov, Alexander] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Tardy, Alexander] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, San Diego, CA USA. [Basu, Rupa] Calif Environm Protect Agcy, Off Environm Hlth Hazard Assessment, Oakland, CA USA. RP Guirguis, K (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Mail Code 0224,9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM kguirguis@ucsd.edu FU University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) fellowship [32947252]; U.S. Department of the Interior via the Southwest Climate Science Center; National Science Foundation [ANT-1043435, DUE-1239797]; NOAA via the RISA program through the California and Nevada Applications Center FX This work was supported by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) Postdocs Applying Climate Expertise (PACE) fellowship (32947252), by the U.S. Department of the Interior via the Southwest Climate Science Center, by NOAA via the RISA program through the California and Nevada Applications Center, and by the National Science Foundation Awards ANT-1043435 and DUE-1239797. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding sources. We thank Mary Tyree for data retrieval and handling. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments during the evaluation of this paper. NR 42 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 53 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0130.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA0FD UT WOS:000330770000001 ER PT J AU Ghate, VP Albrecht, BA Miller, MA Brewer, A Fairall, CW AF Ghate, Virendra P. Albrecht, Bruce A. Miller, Mark A. Brewer, Alan Fairall, Christopher W. TI Turbulence and Radiation in Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layers: A Case Study from VOCALS-REx SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Turbulence; Boundary layer; Cloud radiative effects; Thermodynamics ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; DOPPLER RADAR; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; MIXED LAYERS; MODEL; ASTEX; LIDAR; PARAMETERIZATION; 20-DEGREES-S AB Observations made during a 24-h period as part of the Variability of the American Monsoon Systems (VAMOS) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) are analyzed to study the radiation and turbulence associated with the stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer (BL). The first 14 h exhibited a well-mixed (coupled) BL with an average cloud-top radiative flux divergence of similar to 130 W m(-2); the BL was decoupled during the last 10 h with negligible radiative flux divergence. The averaged radiative cooling very close to the cloud top was -9.04 K h(-1) in coupled conditions and -3.85 K h(-1) in decoupled conditions. This is the first study that combined data from a vertically pointing Doppler cloud radar and a Doppler lidar to yield the vertical velocity structure of the entire BL. The averaged vertical velocity variance and updraft mass flux during coupled conditions were higher than those during decoupled conditions at all levels by a factor of 2 or more. The vertical velocity skewness was negative in the entire BL during coupled conditions, whereas it was weakly positive in the lower third of the BL and negative above during decoupled conditions. A formulation of velocity scale is proposed that includes the effect of cloud-top radiative cooling in addition to the surface buoyancy flux. When scaled by the velocity scale, the vertical velocity variance and coherent downdrafts had similar magnitude during the coupled and decoupled conditions. The coherent updrafts that exhibited a constant profile in the entire BL during both the coupled and decoupled conditions scaled well with the convective velocity scale to a value of similar to 0.5. C1 [Ghate, Virendra P.; Miller, Mark A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Albrecht, Bruce A.] Univ Miami, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL USA. [Brewer, Alan; Fairall, Christopher W.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ghate, VP (reprint author), 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM vghate@anl.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program [DE-SC0008584, DE-FG02-08ER64531]; NOAA's Climate Project Office through the Earth System Science (ESS) program FX The authors thank the officers and crew of the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown for great support during the cruise. Authors VG and MM were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program through Grants DE-SC0008584 and DE-FG02-08ER64531. This work was also supported by NOAA's Climate Project Office through the Earth System Science (ESS) program. NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 53 IS 1 BP 117 EP 135 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0225.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA0FD UT WOS:000330770000008 ER PT J AU Cucurull, L Anthes, RA Tsao, LL AF Cucurull, L. Anthes, R. A. Tsao, L.-L. TI Radio Occultation Observations as Anchor Observations in Numerical Weather Prediction Models and Associated Reduction of Bias Corrections in Microwave and Infrared Satellite Observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; DATA ASSIMILATION; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; BENDING ANGLE; FORECAST BIAS; IMPACT; OPERATOR; CONSTELLATION; SIMULATION; RECEIVERS AB Satellite radiance measurements are used daily at numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers around the world, providing a significant positive impact on weather forecast skill. Owing to the existence of systematic errors, either in the observations, instruments, and/or forward models, which can be larger than the signal, the use of infrared or microwave radiances in data assimilation systems requires significant bias corrections. As most bias-correction schemes do not correct for biases that exist in the model forecasts, the model needs to be most bias-correction schemes do not correct for biases that exist in the model forecasts, the model needs to be vations," prevent a drift of the model to its own climatology and associated biases, thus avoiding a spurious drift of the observation bias corrections. This paper shows that the assimilation of global positioning system (GPS) radio occultation (RO) observations over a 3-month period in an operational NWP system results in smaller, more accurate bias corrections in infrared and microwave observations, resulting in an overall more effective use of satellite radiances and a larger number of radiance observations that pass quality control. A full version of the NCEP data assimilation system is used to evaluate the results on the bias corrections for the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder-3 (HIRS-3) onNOAA-17and the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) on NOAA-15 in an operational environment. C1 [Cucurull, L.; Tsao, L.-L.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Cucurull, L.; Anthes, R. A.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Tsao, L.-L.] Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Cucurull, L (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, ESRL, 325 Broadway,R GSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lidia.cucurull@noaa.gov RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) Science Development and Implementation (JSDI) program through the FY12 NOAA's internal and directed research funding opportunity proposal entitled "GPSRO Support for JCSDA"; National Science Foundation FX L. Cucurull was mostly funded by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) Science Development and Implementation (JSDI) program through the FY12 NOAA's internal and directed research funding opportunity proposal entitled "GPSRO Support for JCSDA." L.-L. Tsao was a visiting scientist at NCEP during the period this work was conducted. R. Anthes was supported by the National Science Foundation. The authors thank UCAR, NSPO, the U.S. Air Force, EUMETSAT, GRAS SAF, and GFZ for providing the different GPS RO profiles used in the study. L. Cucurull acknowledges Dr. S. Healy for the discussion on the use of COSMIC to correct biases at ECWMF, Dr. A. Collard and Dr. R. Treadon for the discussion on satellite radiance variational bias correction at NCEP, and Dr. John Derber for his review of the manuscript and helpful comments. Finally, we thank the four anonymous reviewers, who helped to improve this paper. NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 31 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00059.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287LZ UT WOS:000329544600012 ER PT J AU Halliwell, GR Srinivasan, A Kourafalou, V Yang, H Willey, D Le Henaff, M Atlas, R AF Halliwell, G. R., Jr. Srinivasan, A. Kourafalou, V. Yang, H. Willey, D. Le Henaff, M. Atlas, R. TI Rigorous Evaluation of a Fraternal Twin Ocean OSSE System for the Open Gulf of Mexico SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; SIMULATION EXPERIMENT; DATA ASSIMILATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; VERTICAL COORDINATE; ENSO PREDICTION; MODEL HYCOM; IMPACT; ARRAY; DESIGN AB Anew fraternal twin ocean observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) system is validated in a Gulf of Mexico domain. It is the first ocean system that takes full advantage of design criteria and rigorous evaluation procedures developed to validate atmosphere OSSE systems that have not been fully implemented for the ocean. These procedures are necessary to determine a priori that the OSSE system does not overestimate or underestimate observing system impacts. The new system consists of 1) a nature run (NR) stipulated to represent the true ocean, 2) a data assimilation system consisting of a second ocean model (the "forecast model") coupled to a new ocean data assimilation system, and 3) software to simulate observations from the NR and to add realistic errors. The system design is described to illustrate the requirements of a validated OSSE system. The chosen NR reproduces the climatology and variability of ocean phenomena with sufficient realism. Although the same ocean model type is used (the "fraternal twin" approach), the forecast model is configured differently so that it approximately satisfies the requirement that differences (errors) with respect to the NR grow at the same rate as errors that develop between state-of-the-art ocean models and the true ocean. Rigorous evaluation procedures developed for atmospheric OSSEs are then applied by first performing observing system experiments (OSEs) to evaluate one or more existing observing systems. OSSEs are then performed that are identical except for the assimilation of synthetic observations simulated from the NR. Very similar impact assessments were realized between each OSE-OSSE pair, thus validating the system without the need for calibration. C1 [Halliwell, G. R., Jr.; Yang, H.; Willey, D.] NOAA, AOML, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Srinivasan, A.; Kourafalou, V.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Meteor & Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL USA. [Srinivasan, A.] Tendral LLC, Miami, FL USA. [Yang, H.; Willey, D.; Le Henaff, M.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Atlas, R.] NOAA, AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Halliwell, GR (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM george.halliwell@noaa.gov RI Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011 OI Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560 FU USWRP Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project; NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality through the OSSE test bed; NOAA Science Box Award; NOAA CPO Award; NOAA/AOML/PhOD; BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Contracts [SA1207GOMRI005 (CARTHE), SA12GOMRI008 (DEEP-C)]; NOAA Award [NA10OAR4320143]; [NA08OAR4320892] FX Support is acknowledged from the USWRP Hurricane Forecast Improvement Project, from the NOAA Office of Weather and Air Quality through the OSSE test bed, from NOAA Science Box Award NA10OAR4320143, from NOAA CPO Award NA08OAR4320892, and from NOAA/AOML/PhOD. Support from NOAA Award NA10OAR4320143 to VHK is also acknowledged. A. Srinivasan was supported by the BP/Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Contracts SA1207GOMRI005 (CARTHE) and SA12GOMRI008 (DEEP-C). We thank Nick Shay, B. Jaimes, and J. Brewster of RSMAS at the University of Miami for providing the WP-3D profiles used in this study. We thank R. Lumpkin of NOAA/AOML/PhOD for providing the surface drifter dataset. Altimeter products (along track, weekly maps, and mean dynamic topography) were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and were distributed by AVISO with support from CNES. NR 55 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 31 IS 1 BP 105 EP 130 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00011.1 PG 26 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287LZ UT WOS:000329544600015 ER PT J AU Graham, JB Wegner, NC Miller, LA Jew, CJ Lai, NC Berquist, RM Frank, LR Long, JA AF Graham, Jeffrey B. Wegner, Nicholas C. Miller, Lauren A. Jew, Corey J. Lai, N. Chin Berquist, Rachel M. Frank, Lawrence R. Long, John A. TI Spiracular air breathing in polypterid fishes and its implications for aerial respiration in stem tetrapods SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID GILL VENTILATION; DEVONIAN FISH; ORIGIN; MORPHOLOGY; SPIRACLES AB The polypterids (bichirs and ropefish) are extant basal actinopterygian (ray-finned) fishes that breathe air and share similarities with extant lobe-finned sarcopterygians (lungfishes and tetrapods) in lung structure. They are also similar to some fossil sarcopterygians, including stem tetrapods, in having large paired openings (spiracles) on top of their head. The role of spiracles in polypterid respiration has been unclear, with early reports suggesting that polypterids could inhale air through the spiracles, while later reports have largely dismissed such observations. Here we resolve the 100-year-old mystery by presenting structural, behavioural, video, kinematic and pressure data that show spiracle-mediated aspiration accounts for up to 93% of all air breaths in four species of Polypterus. Similarity in the size and position of polypterid spiracles with those of some stem tetrapods suggests that spiracular air breathing may have been an important respiratory strategy during the fish-tetrapod transition from water to land. C1 [Graham, Jeffrey B.; Wegner, Nicholas C.; Miller, Lauren A.; Jew, Corey J.; Lai, N. Chin] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Wegner, Nicholas C.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Resource Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Lai, N. Chin] VA San Diego Healthcare Syst, San Diego, CA 92161 USA. [Berquist, Rachel M.; Frank, Lawrence R.] Univ Calif San Diego, Ctr Sci Computat Imaging, Dept Radiol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Long, John A.] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Long, John A.] Nat Hist Museum Los Angeles Cty, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. RP Wegner, NC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM nick.wegner@noaa.gov OI Long, John/0000-0001-8012-0114 FU NSF [IOS-0922569, DBI-1147260, DBI-0446389, EF-0850369]; ARC [DP0772138] FX We thank Dr. A. Frew for help with MRI data acquisition, Professor T. Baird and Professor M. Tresguerres for discussions, Dr. Matt Friedman for critically reviewing the draft manuscript, Professor Zhu Min for data on Guiyu and Professor G. C. Young for access to Ligulalepis. The project was supported by NSF Grants IOS-0922569, DBI-1147260, DBI-0446389 and EF-0850369 and ARC Grant DP0772138. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 40 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3022 DI 10.1038/ncomms4022 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA4RM UT WOS:000331083800005 PM 24451680 ER PT J AU Kuo, PS Bravo-Abad, J Solomon, GS AF Kuo, Paulina S. Bravo-Abad, Jorge Solomon, Glenn S. TI Second-harmonic generation using (4)over-bar-quasi-phasematching in a GaAs whispering-gallery-mode microcavity SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ALGAAS MICRORING RESONATORS; OPTICAL HARMONICS; WAVE-GUIDES; RING RESONATORS; MU-M; CAVITIES; DEVICES AB The (4) over bar crystal symmetry in materials such as GaAs can enable quasi-phasematching for efficient optical frequency conversion without poling, twinning or other engineered domain inversions. (4) over bar symmetry means that a 90 degrees rotation is equivalent to a crystallographic inversion. Therefore, when light circulates about the (4) over bar axis, as in GaAs whispering-gallery-mode microdisks, it encounters effective domain inversions that can produce quasi-phasematching. Microdisk resonators also offer resonant field enhancement, resulting in highly efficient frequency conversion in micrometre-scale volumes. These devices can be integrated in photonic circuits as compact frequency convertors, sources of radiation or entangled photons. Here we present the first experimental observation of second-harmonic generation in a whispering-gallery-mode microcavity utilizing (4) over bar -quasi-phasematching. We use a tapered fibre to couple into the 5-mu m diameter microdisk resonator, resulting in a normalized conversion efficiency eta approximate to 5 x 10(-5) mW(-1). Simulations indicate that when accounting for fibre-cavity scattering, the normalized conversion efficiency is eta approximate to 3 x 10(-3) mW(-1). C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Bravo-Abad, Jorge; Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kuo, Paulina S.; Bravo-Abad, Jorge; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bravo-Abad, Jorge] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Fis Teor Mat Condensada, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. RP Solomon, GS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM glenn.solomon@nist.gov OI Bravo-Abad, Jorge/0000-0001-6876-8022 FU NSF; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Ramon-y-Cajal program [RyC-2009-05489] FX The identification of any commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We thank Angus Henderson for assistance with the optical parametric oscillator, John Lawall for assistance with fibre tapering and Kartik Srinivasan, Tim Thomay and Offir Cohen for their helpful discussions. This work is partially supported through the NSF funded PFC@JQI. J.B.-A. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Ramon-y-Cajal program, grant No. RyC-2009-05489. The identification of any commercial products or trade names does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 33 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 39 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3109 DI 10.1038/ncomms4109 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA4RS UT WOS:000331084400018 PM 24434576 ER PT J AU Stock, CA Dunne, JP John, JG AF Stock, Charles A. Dunne, John P. John, Jasmin G. TI Global-scale carbon and energy flows through the marine planktonic food web: An analysis with a coupled physical-biological model SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; ATLANTIC TIME-SERIES; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; NORTH PACIFIC; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; EXPORT PRODUCTION; ARABIAN SEA AB Global-scale planktonic ecosystem models exhibit large differences in simulated net primary production (NPP) and assessment of planktonic food web fluxes beyond primary producers has been limited, diminishing confidence in carbon flux estimates from these models. In this study, a global ocean-ice-ecosystem model was assessed against a suite of observation-based planktonic food web flux estimates, many of which were not considered in previous modeling studies. The simulation successfully captured cross-biome differences and similarities in these fluxes after calibration of a limited number of highly uncertain yet influential parameters. The resulting comprehensive carbon budgets suggested that shortened food webs, elevated growth efficiencies, and tight consumer-resource coupling enable oceanic upwelling systems to support 45% of pelagic mesozooplankton production despite accounting for only 22% of ocean area and 34% of NPP. In seasonally stratified regions (42% of ocean area and 40% of NPP), weakened consumer-resource coupling tempers mesozooplankton production to 41% and enhances export below 100 m to 48% of the global total. In oligotrophic systems (36% of ocean area and 26% of NPP), the dominance of small phytoplankton and low consumer growth efficiencies supported only 14% of mesozooplankton production and 17% of export globally. Bacterial production, in contrast, was maintained in nearly constant proportion to primary production across biomes through the compensating effects of increased partitioning of NPP to the microbial food web in oligotrophic ecosystems and increased bacterial growth efficiencies in more productive areas. Cross-biome differences in mesozooplankton trophic level were muted relative to those invoked by previous work such that significant differences in consumer growth efficiencies and the strength of consumer-resource coupling were needed to explain sharp cross-biome differences in mesozooplankton production. Lastly, simultaneous consideration of multiple flux constraints supports a highly distributed view of respiration across the planktonic food web rather than one dominated by heterotrophic bacteria. The solution herein is unlikely unique in its ability to explain observed cross-biome energy flow patterns and notable misfits remain. Resolution of existing uncertainties in observed biome-scale productivity and increasingly mechanistic physical and biological model components should yield significant refinements to estimates herein. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stock, Charles A.; Dunne, John P.; John, Jasmin G.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Stock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Charles.Stock@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; John, Jasmin/F-8194-2012; OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; John, Jasmin/0000-0003-2696-277X; Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 NR 184 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 10 U2 84 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 120 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.07.001 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AA3UH UT WOS:000331019300001 ER PT J AU Le Henaff, M Kourafalou, VH Dussurget, R Lumpkin, R AF Le Henaff, Matthieu Kourafalou, Vassiliki H. Dussurget, Renaud Lumpkin, Rick TI Cyclonic activity in the eastern Gulf of Mexico: Characterization from along-track altimetry and in situ drifter trajectories SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID LOOP CURRENT; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; STOCHASTIC-MODELS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; EDDIES; SURFACE; VARIABILITY; EVOLUTION; CURRENTS; SEA AB The shedding sequence of the Loop Current (LC) inside the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) is strongly influenced by cyclonic frontal eddies around its edge. Along-track altimetry data, analyzed based on a wavelet decomposition to provide estimates of individual cyclones' diameter, amplitude and relative vorticity, and in situ surface drifter data from the Global Drifter Program, are used to investigate the cyclonic activity in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, where the LC extends and retracts. By analyzing this similar to 20 year long (19922011) combined set of observation data records, we were able to complement previous findings, to confirm results from modeling studies and to provide new insights on the LC frontal dynamics. Drifter data indicate, for the first time, that Loop Current Frontal Eddies (LCFEs) are in solid-body rotation close to their core. This property makes relative vorticity the most robust diagnostic from along-track altimetry for characterizing LCFEs in the eastern GoM, based on consistent comparisons with drifter data. Both data sets are complementary for describing the LCFEs' regional variability. LCFEs observed in the deep southeastern GoM show intense relative vorticity, but they are not frequently observed. The study of an unprecedented, long drifter trajectory suggests that they are not intensified locally. This implies that, among LCFEs coming from the northern GoM, only intense ones reach the deep southeastern GoM. The observation datasets provide, for the first time, quantitative evidences of processes so far only identified with models: LCFEs are intensified when they are advected over the Mississippi Fan in the northern GoM; a small area north of Campeche Bank shows intense LCFE activity. The altimetry and drifter data confirm and complement results from more limited datasets: LCFEs forming the Tortugas Eddies, at the entrance of the Straits of Florida, are the most intensely observed LCFEs in altimetry. Coming from the GoM interior, they can be modified, in size and intensity, just before or during their stay in the Dry Tortugas area, whereas they were long considered to be modified only after they were advected in the Straits of Florida. A single drifter trajectory illustrates in detail the erosion of a LCFE in the southeastern GoM, presumably under the influence of the LC, which leads to the re-arrangement of vorticity and the formation of a distinct LCFE, just upstream the Dry Tortugas area. The study also confirms that LCFEs have diameters of 80-120 km, generally larger east and north of the LC. They tend to stay for long periods in the northeastern GoM, and thus may undergo vortex merging with incoming eddies, as previously noted on individual episodes. Altimetry reveals that the largest LCFEs reside in the central eastern GoM, in a location where they are known to block the LC extension; however, our long altimetry dataset shows that these large eddies are not always involved in such LC blocking. Finally, this study led to improvements in data treatment, for both along-track altimetry and drifter trajectories. The wavelet approach used to derive eddy characteristics from along-track altimetry allows robust estimates of the eddy relative vorticity. The drifter dataset has been extended to include data from drifters even after they lost their drogue; the latter data treatment can be applied in areas of moderate winds. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Le Henaff, Matthieu; Kourafalou, Vassiliki H.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Le Henaff, Matthieu] Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Dussurget, Renaud] ZP Bregaillon, Lab Environm Resources Provence Azur Corse, F-83507 La Seyne Sur Mer, France. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Le Henaff, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mlehenaff@rsmas.miami.edu RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 FU CNES; National Science Foundation [NSF OCE-0929651]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA NAI7RJ1226, NA11N0S4780045]; Ifremer through a post-doctoral fellowship; Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS, France); NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX The along-track altimetric products were produced and distributed by Aviso (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/) as part of the Ssalto ground processing segment. The mapped altimetry products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso, with the support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs). MDT_CNESCLS09 was produced by CLS Space Oceanography Division and distributed by Aviso, with the support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/). Global Drifter Program data are distributed by NOAA (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod/dac/index.php). The MUR Global High-Resolution SST dataset is distributed by NASA (http:// podaacjpl.nasa.gov/dataset8PL-L4UHfnd-GLOB-MUR). The authors wish to thank Annalisa Griffa, Jonathan Lilly and Inga Koszalka for very fruitful discussions. They also thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks. Partial support for this study was provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF OCE-0929651) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA NAI7RJ1226 and NA11N0S4780045). R.D. is supported by Ifremer through a post-doctoral fellowship, co-funded by Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS, France). R.L. is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office and the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 56 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 120 BP 120 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.08.002 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AA3UH UT WOS:000331019300007 ER PT J AU Sydeman, WJ Thompson, SA Garcia-Reyes, M Kahru, M Peterson, WT Largier, JL AF Sydeman, William J. Thompson, Sarah Ann Garcia-Reyes, Marisol Kahru, Mati Peterson, William T. Largier, John L. TI Multivariate ocean-climate indicators (MOCI) for the central California Current: Environmental change, 1990-2010 SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID EL-NINO; LA-NINA; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CURRENT SYSTEM; COOP-WEST; VARIABILITY AB Temporal environmental variability may confound interpretations of management actions, such as reduced fisheries mortality when Marine Protected Areas are implemented. To aid in the evaluation of recent ecosystem protection decisions in central-northern California, we designed and implemented multivariate ocean-climate indicators (MOCI) of environmental variability. To assess the validity of the MOCI, we evaluated interannual and longer-term variability in relation to previously recognized environmental variability in the region, and correlated MOCI to a suite of biological indicators including proxies for lower- (phytoplankton, copepods, krill), and upper-level (seabirds) taxa. To develop the MOCI, we selected, compiled, and synthesized 14 well-known atmospheric and oceanographic indicators of large-scale and regional processes (transport and upwelling), as well as local atmospheric and oceanic response variables such as wind stress, sea surface temperature, and salinity. We derived seasonally-stratified MOCI using principal component analysis. Over the 21-year study period (1990-2010), the ENSO cycle weakened while extra-tropical influences increased with a strengthening of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and cooling of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Correspondingly, the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI) strengthened, leading to enhanced upwelling-favorable wind stress and cooling of air and ocean surface temperatures. The seasonal MOCI related well to subarctic copepod biomass and seabird productivity, but poorly to chlorophyll-a concentration and krill abundance. Our results support a hypothesis of enhanced sub-arctic influence (transport from the north) and upwelling intensification in north-central California over the past two decades. Such environmental conditions may favor population growth for species with sub-arctic zoogeographic affinities within the central-northern California Current coastal ecosystem. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sydeman, William J.; Thompson, Sarah Ann; Garcia-Reyes, Marisol] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Kahru, Mati] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 95060 USA. [Sydeman, William J.; Largier, John L.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Thompson, Sarah Ann] Univ Washington, Coll Environm, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Sydeman, WJ (reprint author), Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. EM wsydeman@comcast.net FU State of California's MPA Monitoring Enterprise; Ocean Science Trust, California Sea Grant; Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS); National Science Foundation (California Current Ecosystem Long-term Ecological Research program) FX For data contributions to this project, we thank Marcel Losekoot for providing data from the Bodega Marine Lab and Jim Johnstone (JISAO, University of Washington) for providing data on air temperature and precipitation. We thank the State of California's MPA Monitoring Enterprise, the Ocean Science Trust, California Sea Grant, Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS), and the National Science Foundation (California Current Ecosystem Long-term Ecological Research program) for financial support. NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 45 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 120 BP 352 EP 369 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.10.017 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AA3UH UT WOS:000331019300022 ER PT J AU Burke, BJ Anderson, JJ Baptista, AM AF Burke, Brian J. Anderson, James J. Baptista, Antonio M. TI Evidence for multiple navigational sensory capabilities of Chinook salmon SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Migration; Navigation; Individual-based model; Behavior ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; SINGLE-DOMAIN MAGNETITE; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; POST-SMOLT ATLANTIC; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; OCEAN MIGRATION; LIFE-HISTORY; PINK SALMON AB To study the complex coastal migrations patterns exhibited by juvenile Columbia River Chinook salmon as they enter and move through the marine environment, we created an individual-based model in a coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian framework. We modeled 5 distinct migration strategies and compared the resulting spatial distributions to catch data collected during May and June in 3 years. Two strategies produced fish distributions similar to those observed in May, but only one also produced the observed June distributions. In both strategies, salmon distinguish north from south (i.e. they have a compass sense), and they control their position relative to particular landmarks, such as the river mouth. With these 2 abilities, we posit that salmon follow spatially explicit behavior rules that prevent entrapment in strong southward currents and advection offshore. Additionally, the consistent spatio-temporal distributions observed among years suggest that salmon use a clock sense to adjust their swim speed, within and among years, in response to progress along their migration. C1 [Burke, Brian J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Burke, Brian J.; Anderson, James J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baptista, Antonio M.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Ctr Coastal Margin Observat & Predict, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. RP Burke, BJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brian.burke@noaa.gov OI Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937 FU Bonneville Power Administration FX Chinook salmon catch data were obtained during a survey funded by the Bonneville Power Administration. Many people assisted with the project organization and data collection, including but not limited to E. Casillas, B. Peterson, R. Brodeur, B. Emmett, K. Jacobson, C. Morgan, J. Zamon, B. Beckman, L. Weitkamp, D. Teel, D. Van Doornik, D. Kuligowski, T. Wainwright, J. Fisher, S. Hinton, and C. Bucher. We also thank J. Butzerin, C. Harvey, S. Smith, M. Scheuerell, B. Sanderson, R. Zabel, and 3 anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on earlier versions of this document. NR 74 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 77 EP 90 DI 10.3354/ab00541 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 302ON UT WOS:000330614600008 ER PT J AU Wallis, TM Pierantoni, L AF Wallis, T. Mitch Pierantoni, Luca TI Measurement Techniques for RF Nanoelectronics SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wallis, T. Mitch] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pierantoni, Luca] Univ Politecn Marche, Ancona, Italy. RP Wallis, TM (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mwallis@boulder.nist.gov; l.pierantoni@univpm.it NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 15 IS 1 BP 26 EP 28 DI 10.1109/MMM.2013.2292758 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AA0GH UT WOS:000330773100007 ER PT J AU Imtiaz, A Wallis, TM Kabos, P AF Imtiaz, Atif Wallis, Thomas Mitchell Kabos, Pavel TI Near-Field Scanning Microwave Microscopy SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION; PROBE; GHZ C1 [Imtiaz, Atif; Wallis, Thomas Mitchell; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Imtiaz, A (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM atif@boulder.nist.gov NR 49 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 31 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1527-3342 EI 1557-9581 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 15 IS 1 BP 52 EP 64 DI 10.1109/MMM.2013.2288711 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AA0GH UT WOS:000330773100010 ER PT J AU Okoro, C Lau, JW Golshany, F Hummler, K Obeng, YS AF Okoro, Chukwudi Lau, June W. Golshany, Fardad Hummler, Klaus Obeng, Yaw S. TI A Detailed Failure Analysis Examination of the Effect of Thermal Cycling on Cu TSV Reliability SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE Failure analysis; finite element analysis; three-dimensional integrated circuits; through-silicon vias ID THROUGH-SILICON; ARCHITECTURE; VIAS AB In this paper, the reliability of through-silicon via (TSV) daisy chains under thermal cycling conditions was examined. The electrical resistance of TSV daisy chains was found to increase with the number of thermal cycles, due to thermally induced damage leading to the formation and growth of defects. The contributions of each identified damage type to the change in the electrical resistance of the TSV chain were evaluated by electrical modeling. Thermo-mechanical modeling showed a good correlation between the observed damage locations and the simulated stress-concentration regions of the TSV. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Golshany, Fardad; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lau, June W.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hummler, Klaus] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov; june.lau@nist.gov; fardad.golshany@nist.gov; klaus.hummler@sematech.org; yaw.obeng@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation FX The work of F. Golshany was supported by the National Science Foundation. The review of this paper was arranged by Editor B. Kaczer. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 39 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD JAN PY 2014 VL 61 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1109/TED.2013.2291297 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 302QD UT WOS:000330619100003 ER PT J AU Hangarter, CM Liu, Y Pagonis, D Bertocci, U Moffat, TP AF Hangarter, C. M. Liu, Y. Pagonis, D. Bertocci, U. Moffat, T. P. TI Electrodeposition of Ternary Pt100-x-yCoxNiy Alloys SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION ACTIVITY; FE-PT FILMS; NICKEL-UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION; ALKALINE COMPLEXING ELECTROLYTE; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; HARD MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; PARTIAL CHARGE NUMBER; IRON-GROUP METALS; COMPOSITIONAL CONTROL; THIN-FILMS AB Electrodeposition of ternary Pt100-x-yCoxNiy alloy films and the respective Pt binary alloys were examined and compared to the characteristics of the constituent elements. The potential dependence of alloy composition, structure and deposition current efficiency was determined using in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) measurements and metallurgical analysis. The recently documented self-terminating electrodeposition of elemental Pt is disrupted by competitive adsorption and underpotential co-deposition of the iron group metals, whose onset overlaps with the H-upd region. Excess alloying enthalpy between Pt and the iron group metals supports the underpotential deposition of the iron group metals during on-going Pt deposition. The total iron group alloy content increases monotonically as the deposition potential becomes more negative. Below the reversible hydrogen potential the current efficiency drops with the onset of the proton reduction reaction. At more negative potentials the efficiency increases as the partial current for the Pt deposition and proton reduction reactions operate near diffusion control while the iron group metal deposition current increases monotonically. For ternary Pt100-x-yCoxNiy alloys grown from an electrolyte with [Ni2+]/[Co2+] = 1, Ni underpotential co-deposition is favored over Co, while in the overpotential regime anomalous co-deposition occurs with the Co content significantly exceeding that of Ni. (C) 2013 The Electrochemical Society. C1 [Hangarter, C. M.; Liu, Y.; Bertocci, U.; Moffat, T. P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pagonis, D.] NIST, NIST SURF Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hangarter, CM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov NR 66 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 39 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 1 BP D31 EP D43 DI 10.1149/2.022401jes PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 303NJ UT WOS:000330680900051 ER PT J AU Suter, EA Lwiza, KMM Rose, JM Gobler, C Taylor, GT AF Suter, Elizabeth A. Lwiza, Kamazima M. M. Rose, Julie M. Gobler, Christopher Taylor, Gordon T. TI Phytoplankton assemblage changes during decadal decreases in nitrogen loadings to the urbanized Long Island Sound estuary, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Nitrogen limitation; Nutrients; Eutrophication; Phytoplankton; Nutrient ratio; Hypoxia ID MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; SALINITY VARIABILITY; ORGANIC NITROGEN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; NUTRIENT; LIMITATION; WATER; BAY AB Despite reductions in nitrogen loadings from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) discharging into Long Island Sound (LIS) over the last 15 yr, eutrophication and hypoxia remain a severe problem. Here we used time series of hydrography, meteorology, nutrients, and phytoplankton pigments to explore the relationships between planktonic biomass, nutrient stocks, and physical regimes in LIS. With the exception of the most eutrophied station in the west, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) decreased between 1995 and 2009, likely resulting from WWTP upgrades. However, total dissolved nitrogen increased during this period, primarily driven by rising organic nitrogen pools. Simultaneous increases in inorganic phosphorus, silicate, and chlorophyll a (chl a) were also observed. Starting in 2002, pigment-based phytoplankton community composition revealed systematic declines in diatom abundances coincident with increases in dinoflagellates and other flagellated phytoplankton groups. Despite this, bottom water dissolved oxygen concentrations did not improve. The apparent paradox between increasing DIN limitation and escalating chl a concentrations in LIS suggests a shifting nutrient stoichiometry and an altered phytoplankton community in which phytoflagellates have increased in abundance relative to diatoms. Despite these changes, diatoms remained the most abundant algal group by the end of the study. In addition, a shift in chl a stocks in the year 2000 coincided with decreases in temperature, increases in salinity, and the proliferation of several algal groups. These results reveal the complex nature of eutrophied estuaries and indicate that policies targeting only inorganic nitrogen loadings may be insufficient to mitigate eutrophication in systems such as LIS. C1 [Suter, Elizabeth A.; Lwiza, Kamazima M. M.; Gobler, Christopher; Taylor, Gordon T.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Rose, Julie M.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Suter, EA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM elizabeth.suter@stonybrook.edu FU NY Sea Grant; LISS [R/CMB-35-NYCT, R/CMB-36-NYCT] FX We thank NY Sea Grant and LISS for their support of the project through grant nos. R/CMB-35-NYCT and R/CMB-36-NYCT and support of E. A. S. through the NY Sea Grant Scholars program. In addition, we thank the CTDEEP for collection and maintenance of an invaluable dataset, the NYDEC for discharge data, the NY/NJ/CT Interstate Environmental Commission for monthly operating reports from individual plants, and anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments of earlier drafts. Finally, we are grateful to S. Hameed and R.E. Wilson (Stony Brook University) for assistance with data analyses and interpretation. This is School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences contribution 1422. NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 46 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 497 BP 51 EP 67 DI 10.3354/meps10602 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 304CM UT WOS:000330723600005 ER PT J AU Hickel, T Kattner, UR Fries, SG AF Hickel, Tilmann Kattner, Ursula R. Fries, Suzana G. TI Computational thermodynamics: Recent developments and future potential and prospects Preface SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENTHALPIES; ELEMENTS; STEELS C1 [Hickel, Tilmann] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fries, Suzana G.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Interdisciplinary Ctr Adv Mat Simulat, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Hickel, T (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40237 Dusseldorf, Germany. EM t.hickel@mpie.de NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 251 IS 1 BP 9 EP 13 DI 10.1002/pssb.201470107 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AA0KS UT WOS:000330784600002 ER PT J AU Palumbo, M Burton, B Silva, ACE Fultz, B Grabowski, B Grimvall, G Hallstedt, B Hellman, O Lindahl, B Schneider, A Turchi, PEA Xiong, W AF Palumbo, M. Burton, B. Costa e Silva, A. Fultz, B. Grabowski, B. Grimvall, G. Hallstedt, B. Hellman, O. Lindahl, B. Schneider, A. Turchi, P. E. A. Xiong, W. TI Thermodynamic modelling of crystalline unary phases SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CALPHAD; crystalline phases; first-principles; thermodynamics ID FUNCTIONAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; METALLIC ELEMENTS; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; STATE; ALUMINUM; VERSION; GIBBS2; SYSTEM; FCC; BCC AB Progress in materials science through thermodynamic modelling may rest crucially on access to a database, such as that developed by Scientific Group Thermodata Europe (SGTE) around 1990. It gives the Gibbs energy G(T) of the elements in the form of series as a function of temperature, i.e. essentially a curve fitting to experimental data. In the light of progress in theoretical understanding and first-principles calculation methods, the possibility for an improved database description of the thermodynamics of the elements has become evident. It is the purpose of this paper to provide a framework for such work. Lattice vibrations, which usually give the major contribution to G(T), are treated in some detail with a discussion of neutron scattering studies of anharmonicity in aluminium, first-principles calculations including ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), and the strength and weakness of analytic model representations of data. Similarly, electronic contributions to G(T) are treated on the basis of the density of states N(E) for metals, with emphasis on effects at high T. Further, we consider G(T) below 300K, which is not covered by SGTE. Other parts in the paper discuss metastable and dynamically unstable lattices, G(T) in the region of superheated solids and the requirement on a database in the calculation of phase diagrams. (C) 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Palumbo, M.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, ICAMS, Bochum, Germany. [Burton, B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Costa e Silva, A.] EEIMVR UFF, Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil. [Fultz, B.] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys & Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Grabowski, B.] Max Planck Inst Eisenforsch GmbH, D-40074 Dusseldorf, Germany. [Grimvall, G.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, AlbaNova Univ Ctr, Stockholm, Sweden. [Hallstedt, B.] Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, IWM, Aachen, Germany. [Hellman, O.] Linkoping Univ, Dept Phys Chem & Biol, Linkoping, Sweden. [Lindahl, B.] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Schneider, A.] Vallourec Deutschland GmbH, Vallourec Res Ctr Germany, Dusseldorf, Germany. [Turchi, P. E. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Dept C&MS, Livermore, CA USA. [Xiong, W.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Palumbo, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, ICAMS, Univ Str 150, Bochum, Germany. EM mauro.palumbo@rub.de RI Grabowski, Blazej/D-8430-2012; Hallstedt, Bengt/J-1639-2014; Xiong, Wei/A-4940-2011; Costa e Silva, Andre /L-5134-2016; OI Grabowski, Blazej/0000-0003-4281-5665; Hallstedt, Bengt/0000-0001-5959-7030; Xiong, Wei/0000-0002-3825-1679; Costa e Silva, Andre /0000-0002-0513-8338; Lindahl, Bonnie/0000-0001-9010-525X FU ThyssenKrupp AG; Bayer MaterialScience AG; Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH; Robert Bosch GmbH; Benteler Stahl/Rohr GmbH; Bayer Technology Services GmbH; state of North-Rhine Westphalia; European Commission; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through projects C6 of the collaborative research center [SFB/TR 103]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [PAK 461 (HA 5382/3-2)]; U.S. DOE BES [DE-FG02-03ER46055] FX We are grateful to all participants of the Ringberg workshop 2013 for discussions, particularly B. Sundman and S. G. Fries. We also thank F. Kormann for providing some of the first-principles results reported in this work. M.P. acknowledges financial support through ThyssenKrupp AG, Bayer MaterialScience AG, Salzgitter Mannesmann Forschung GmbH, Robert Bosch GmbH, Benteler Stahl/Rohr GmbH, Bayer Technology Services GmbH, the state of North-Rhine Westphalia, the European Commission in the framework of the ERDF and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through projects C6 of the collaborative research center SFB/TR 103. B.H. acknowledges financial support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the bundled project PAK 461 (HA 5382/3-2). B.F. acknowledges financial support from the U.S. DOE BES under contract DE-FG02-03ER46055. NR 53 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 38 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 251 IS 1 BP 14 EP 32 DI 10.1002/pssb.201350133 PG 19 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AA0KS UT WOS:000330784600003 ER PT J AU Becker, CA Agren, J Baricco, M Chen, Q Decterov, SA Kattner, UR Perepezko, JH Pottlacher, GR Selleby, M AF Becker, Chandler A. Agren, John Baricco, Marcello Chen, Qing Decterov, Sergei A. Kattner, Ursula R. Perepezko, John H. Pottlacher, Gernot R. Selleby, Malin TI Thermodynamic modelling of liquids: CALPHAD approaches and contributions from statistical physics SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CALPHAD; first-principles; glass transition; liquids; molecular dynamics; thermodynamic modelling ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GLASS-FORMING ABILITY; EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; HIGH-PRESSURE CELLS; NI-AL SYSTEM; HEAT-CAPACITY; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; INTERATOMIC POTENTIALS; AMORPHOUS PHASES; METALLIC SYSTEMS AB We describe current approaches to thermodynamic modelling of liquids for the CALPHAD method, the use of available experimental methods and results in this type of modelling, and considerations in the use of atomic-scale simulation methods to inform a CALPHAD approach. We begin with an overview of the formalism currently used in CALPHAD to describe the temperature dependence of the liquid Gibbs free energy and outline opportunities for improvement by reviewing the current physical understanding of the liquid. Brief descriptions of experimental methods for extracting high-temperature data on liquids and the preparation of undercooled liquid samples are presented. Properties of a well-determined substance, B-2 O-3, including the glass transition, are then discussed in detail to emphasize specific modelling requirements for the liquid. We then examine the two-state model proposed for CALPHAD in detail and compare results with experiment and theory, where available. We further examine the contributions of atomic-scale methods to the understanding of liquids and their potential for supplementing available data. We discuss molecular dynamics (MD) and Monte Carlo methods that employ atomic interactions from classical interatomic potentials, as well as contributions from ab initio MD. We conclude with a summary of our findings. (C) 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Becker, Chandler A.; Kattner, Ursula R.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agren, John; Selleby, Malin] KTH Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. [Baricco, Marcello] Univ Turin, Dept Chem, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Baricco, Marcello] Univ Turin, NIS, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Chen, Qing] Thermocalc Software AB, S-11364 Stockholm, Sweden. [Decterov, Sergei A.] Ecole Polytech, Dept Genie Chim, CRCT, Montreal, PQ H3C 3A7, Canada. [Perepezko, John H.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Pottlacher, Gernot R.] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Expt Phys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Becker, CA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chandler.becker@nist.gov RI Selleby, Malin/F-5645-2016; Baricco, Marcello/B-4075-2013; OI Selleby, Malin/0000-0001-5031-919X; Baricco, Marcello/0000-0002-2856-9894; Pottlacher, Gernot/0000-0001-8486-0515 FU ONR [N00014-12-1-0569] FX We would like to acknowledge the organizers of the 2013 Ringberg Unaries Workshop. We would also like to thank Mark Asta for a very careful read of this manuscript and his associated feedback and suggestions. Q.C. would like to thank Prof. Wilde for kindly providing data values of Au in his publication. J.H.P. gratefully acknowledges the support from ONR (N00014-12-1-0569). NR 116 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 38 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 EI 1521-3951 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 251 IS 1 BP 33 EP 52 DI 10.1002/pssb.201350149 PG 20 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AA0KS UT WOS:000330784600004 ER PT J AU Isaac, GA Joe, PI Mailhot, J Bailey, M Belair, S Boudala, FS Brugman, M Campos, E Carpenter, RL Crawford, RW Cober, SG Denis, B Doyle, C Reeves, HD Gultepe, I Haiden, T Heckman, I Huang, LX Milbrandt, JA Mo, R Rasmussen, RM Smith, T Stewart, RE Wang, D Wilson, LJ AF Isaac, G. A. Joe, P. I. Mailhot, J. Bailey, M. Belair, S. Boudala, F. S. Brugman, M. Campos, E. Carpenter, R. L., Jr. Crawford, R. W. Cober, S. G. Denis, B. Doyle, C. Reeves, H. D. Gultepe, I. Haiden, T. Heckman, I. Huang, L. X. Milbrandt, J. A. Mo, R. Rasmussen, R. M. Smith, T. Stewart, R. E. Wang, D. Wilson, L. J. TI Science of Nowcasting Olympic Weather for Vancouver 2010 (SNOW-V10): a World Weather Research Programme Project SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Nowcast; olympic; snow; mountain; weather; forecast ID FORECAST DEMONSTRATION PROJECT; PRECIPITATION; SYSTEM; SYDNEY-2000; ASSIMILATION; VERIFICATION; SUPPORT; GAMES; NWP; MAP AB A World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) project entitled the Science of Nowcasting Olympic Weather for Vancouver 2010 (SNOW-V10) was developed to be associated with the Vancouver 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games conducted between 12 February and 21 March 2010. The SNOW-V10 international team augmented the instrumentation associated with the Winter Games and several new numerical weather forecasting and nowcasting models were added. Both the additional observational and model data were available to the forecasters in real time. This was an excellent opportunity to demonstrate existing capability in nowcasting and to develop better techniques for short term (0-6 h) nowcasts of winter weather in complex terrain. Better techniques to forecast visibility, low cloud, wind gusts, precipitation rate and type were evaluated. The weather during the games was exceptionally variable with many periods of low visibility, low ceilings and precipitation in the form of both snow and rain. The data collected should improve our understanding of many physical phenomena such as the diabatic effects due to melting snow, wind flow around and over terrain, diurnal flow reversal in valleys associated with daytime heating, and precipitation reductions and increases due to local terrain. Many studies related to these phenomena are described in the Special Issue on SNOW-V10 for which this paper was written. Numerical weather prediction and nowcast models have been evaluated against the unique observational data set now available. It is anticipated that the data set and the knowledge learned as a result of SNOW-V10 will become a resource for other World Meteorological Organization member states who are interested in improving forecasts of winter weather. C1 [Isaac, G. A.; Joe, P. I.; Bailey, M.; Boudala, F. S.; Crawford, R. W.; Cober, S. G.; Gultepe, I.; Heckman, I.; Huang, L. X.] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Mailhot, J.; Belair, S.; Denis, B.; Milbrandt, J. A.; Wilson, L. J.] Environm Canada, Atmospher Numer Predict Res, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Brugman, M.; Doyle, C.; Mo, R.; Smith, T.] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada. [Campos, E.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carpenter, R. L., Jr.] Weather Decis Technol, Norman, OK USA. [Reeves, H. D.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Reeves, H. D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Haiden, T.] Cent Inst Meteorol & Geodynam ZAMG, Vienna, Austria. [Rasmussen, R. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Stewart, R. E.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geog & Environm, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Wang, D.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Isaac, GA (reprint author), Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM george.isaac@ec.gc.ca RI Campos, Edwin/A-5601-2008 OI Campos, Edwin/0000-0003-3766-7485 FU World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX The authors wish to thank the support of the World Weather Research Programme (WWRP) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and specifically the Nowcasting Working Group of WWRP. This project would not have been conducted without the support of Al Wallace and Gilbert Brunet of Environment Canada. Many staff at the Pacific Storm Prediction Centre and at the Canadian Meteorological Centre also provided support. Walter Dabberdt, Herb Winston and George Frederick of Vaisala provided valuable advice, partial funding of a Visiting Fellow, and participated in our planning meetings. Doug Forseth and Doug Mcfarlane of Whistler-Blackcomb Mountain provided key support without which the installations could not have proceeded smoothly. Anton Horvath and Jan Davies, snow avalanche forecasters at Whistler-Blackcomb, provided on-site support and valuable advice about the weather on Whistler. Bill Scott, George Davies, Frank Mirecki, Drew Pawley and Patricia Wong installed, maintained and supported the Pacific Region installations. Robert Reed, Michael Harwood, Steve Bacic, Ron Ruff, Karen Haynes and Ka Sung technically supported the SNOW-V10 installations. Ron Stewart was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The authors would like to thank two anonymous reviews for their helpful comments. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 171 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0579-0 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 302QL UT WOS:000330619900001 ER PT J AU Joe, P Scott, B Doyle, C Isaac, G Gultepe, I Forsyth, D Cober, S Campos, E Heckman, I Donaldson, N Hudak, D Rasmussen, R Kucera, P Stewart, R Theriault, JM Fisico, T Rasmussen, KL Carmichael, H Laplante, A Bailey, M Boudala, F AF Joe, Paul Scott, Bill Doyle, Chris Isaac, George Gultepe, Ismail Forsyth, Douglas Cober, Stewart Campos, Edwin Heckman, Ivan Donaldson, Norman Hudak, David Rasmussen, Roy Kucera, Paul Stewart, Ron Theriault, Julie M. Fisico, Teresa Rasmussen, Kristen L. Carmichael, Hannah Laplante, Alex Bailey, Monika Boudala, Faisal TI The Monitoring Network of the Vancouver 2010 Olympics SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARALYMPIC GAMES; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; WEATHER SUPPORT; WINTER; SYSTEM; PROFILER; PROGRAM; PROJECT; RADARS; SIZE AB An innovative monitoring network was implemented to support the operational and science programs for the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics. It consisted of in situ weather stations on custom-designed platforms. The sensors included an HMP45C for temperature, humidity and pressure, a tipping bucket rain gauge, an acoustic snow depth sensor, a Pluvio 1 precipitation gauge and an anemometer placed at gauge height and at 10 m height. Modifications to commercial automated precipitation gauges were necessary for the heavy snowfall conditions. Advanced or emerging technologies were deployed to support scientific and nowcasting studies into precipitation intensity, typing, visibility and wind. The sensors included an FD12P visibility and precipitation sensor, a precipitation occurrence sensing system (POSS) present weather sensor, a Hotplate precipitation sensor and a Parsivel disdrometer. Data were collected at 1 min sampling intervals. A Doppler weather radar was deployed in a valley location and provided critical detailed low-level data. An X-band dual-polarized radar was deployed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to monitor Vancouver and Cypress Mountain. Three remote sensing stations for vertical profiling were established. At the base of Whistler Mountain, a micro-rain radar, a 22-channel radiometer, a ceilometer, a Parsivel and a POSS were installed. At the base of Cypress Mountain, a micro-rain radar, a ceilometer, a low cost rain sensor (LCR by ATTEX) and a POSS were installed. At Squamish, a wind profiler and a POSS were installed. Weather sensors were mounted on the Whistler Village Gondola and on the Peak to Peak gondola. Sites were established along the Whistler Mountain slope and at other key locations. The combination of sites and instruments formed a comprehensive network to provide observations appropriate for nowcasting in winter complex terrain and investigate precipitation, visibility and wind processes. The contribution provides a detailed description of the network, their sensors, the innovations and some examples. C1 [Joe, Paul; Scott, Bill; Doyle, Chris; Isaac, George; Gultepe, Ismail; Cober, Stewart; Heckman, Ivan; Donaldson, Norman; Hudak, David; Bailey, Monika; Boudala, Faisal] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Forsyth, Douglas] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Campos, Edwin] Argonne Natl Lab, Chicago, IL USA. [Rasmussen, Roy; Kucera, Paul] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Stewart, Ron; Fisico, Teresa] Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. [Theriault, Julie M.] Univ Quebec, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. [Carmichael, Hannah; Laplante, Alex] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Rasmussen, Kristen L.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA USA. RP Joe, P (reprint author), Environm Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM paul.joe@ec.gc.ca RI Rasmussen, Kristen/J-6421-2014; Campos, Edwin/A-5601-2008 OI Rasmussen, Kristen/0000-0003-1321-0974; Campos, Edwin/0000-0003-3766-7485 FU Canadian Space Agency; National Science and Engineering Research Council FX The project could not be successfully accomplished without the contribution and the professionalism of many people who contributed to the project beyond their normal roles. Al Wallace was the overall lead for the Olympic Project and provided substantial support for data sharing and collaboration between operations and science. In addition to many of the authors, Drew Pawley and George Davies of MSC PYR installed, maintained and supported the OAN stations with a number of others helping to make the OAN a success. The Whistler radar and Squamish Wind Profiler projects were led by Frank Mirecki and staff, with significant support from Ron Ruff and Christine Best. The upper air program was organized and led by Bruce Lohnes and staff especially Jack Bowling. A special acknowledgement goes to the Department of National Defense for their operation of an additional radiosonde at Comox during The Games. Robert Reed and Michael Harwood and Steve Bacic supported the V10-SCIENCE installations. Drew Pawley and Steve Bacic deserve mention for solving and re-programming the data loggers to record and transmit the minutely data from the OAN sites. Juniper Buller provided on-site support and maintenance. Monika Bailey, Elizabeth Gow and Karen Haynes provided on-site logistical support. Ka Sung provided data acquisition support. Anne-Marie Macdonald made data available from the Peak site. Rodica Nitu graciously provided a Parsivel and POSS for both the Beijing and Vancouver Olympic projects. Michael Virdi, Lorrie Stedel and Kaveh Afshar provided considerable support for the radar processing software. Search And Rescue New Initiative Funding (SAR-NIF) provided additional support for the RND site led by I. Gultepe to study fog and low visibility conditions at cold temperatures as a part of FRAM (Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling) project. Ric Adams, Valery Melinkov, David Prignitz, Heather Reeves, Alexander Rhyzkov, Terry Schurr, Bob Staples, Dusan Zrnic, and David Warde of NSSL manned the NO-XP radar. Arkadi Koldaev of the Central Aerological Observatory (Russia) provided the LCR sensor. Tatiana Bablova of Institute of Radar Meteorology (St. Petersburg) coined the phrase GOMDAR (Gondola Meteorological Data and Acquisition Relay). The on-site snow micro-photography activity was partially supported by the SNOWSAT project of the Canadian Space Agency as part of the Atmospheric Processes of Climate Change Program to determine the requirements and specification for a space borne snow radar. Funding for Hannah Carmichael, Alex Laplante, Teresa Fisico and Ron Stewart was provided by National Science and Engineering Research Council. Walter Dabberdt, Herb Winston and George Frederick of Vaisala provided valuable advice on instrumentation and site selection for the wind profiler. Randolph Ware and Nico Cimini provided several innovative suggestions on best use and processing of the radiometer. Doug Forseth and Doug Mcfarlane of Whistler-Blackcomb Mountain provided key support without which the installations could not proceed relatively smoothly. Anton Horvath and Jan Davies, snow avalanche forecasters at Whistler-Blackcomb, provided on-site support and valuable advice about the weather on Whistler. The mid-mountain cloud that originated at Raven's Nest (VOL) was named after Harvey Fellowes of Whistler. Harvey lived at Raven's Nest for many years, was a World Cup ski race official and worked for Whistler-Blackcomb.; He shared his considerable knowledge of the weather and provided considerable insight on "Harvey's Cloud" that contributed to the design considerations of the science component of V10 monitoring network. His anecdotal description of Harvey's cloud proved to match the scientific studies and observations. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 171 IS 1-2 BP 25 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0588-z PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 302QL UT WOS:000330619900002 ER PT J AU Schuur, TJ Ryzhkov, AV Forsyth, DE Zhang, PF Reeves, HD AF Schuur, Terry J. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. Forsyth, Douglas E. Zhang, Pengfei Reeves, Heather D. TI Precipitation Observations with NSSL's X-band Polarimetric Radar during the SNOW-V10 Campaign SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Polarimetric radar; melting layer; ice microphysics; rainfall estimation; partial beam blockage ID MELTING-LAYER; RAIN; REFLECTIVITY; CALIBRATION; MODEL AB In support of SNOW-V10, the National Oceanic Administration/National Severe Storms Laboratory (NOAA/NSSL) mobile dual-polarized X-band (NO-XP) radar was deployed to Birch Bay State Park in Birch Bay, Washington from 3 January 2010 to 17 March 2010. In addition to being made available in real time for Science and NOWcasting of the Olympic Weather for Vancouver 2010 (SNOW-V10) operations, NO-XP data are used here to demonstrate the capabilities of easily deployable, polarimetric X-band radar systems, especially for regions where mountainous terrain results in partial beam blockage. A rainfall estimator based on specific attenuation is shown to mitigate the effects of partial beam blockage and provide potential improvement in rainfall estimation. The ability of polarimetric X-band radar to accurately detect melting layer (ML) height is also shown. A 16 h comparison of radar reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (Z (DR)), and correlation coefficient (rho(hv)) measurements from NO-XP with vertically pointing Micro Rain Radar observations indicates that the two instruments provide ML height evolution that exhibit consistent temporal trends. Since even slight changes in the ML height in regions of mountainous terrain might result in a change in precipitation type measured at the surface, this shows that horizontally extensive information on ML height fluctuations, such as provided by the NO-XP, is useful in determining short term changes in expected precipitation type. Finally, range-height indicator (RHI) scans of NO-XP Z, Z (DR), and rho(hv) fields from SNOW-V10 are used to demonstrate the ability of polarimetric radar to diagnose microphysical processes (both above and below the ML) that otherwise remain unseen by conventional radar. Near-surface enhancements in Z (DR) are attributed to either differential sedimentation or the preferential evaporation of smaller drops. Immediately above the ML, regions of high Z, low Z (DR), and high rho(hv) are believed to be associated with convective turrets containing heavily aggregated or rimed snow that supply water/ice mass that later result in enhanced regions of precipitation near the surface. Higher up, horizontally extensive regions of enhanced Z (DR) are attributed to rapid dendritic growth and the onset of snow aggregation, a feature that has been widely observed with both S band and C band radars. C1 [Schuur, Terry J.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Zhang, Pengfei; Reeves, Heather D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Schuur, Terry J.; Ryzhkov, Alexander V.; Forsyth, Douglas E.; Zhang, Pengfei; Reeves, Heather D.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Schuur, TJ (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Dr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM schuur@ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1227] FX Thanks to Ric Adams, Valery Melinkov, Dave Priegnitz, Bob Staples, Dave Warde and Dusan Zrnic who volunteered to staff NO-XP for 2 week shifts during the SNOW-V10 campaign. Thanks to Dusan Zrnic who helped to initiate this project and provided valuable advice and help in siting the radar. A special thanks to Bob Staples, who stepped in at the last minute and helped drive the NO-XP to Birch Bay and back to Norman, OK. Allen Zahrai, John Carter, Chris Curtis, Mike Schmidt, and Richard Wahkinney of NSSL provided expert technical assistance in maintaining the radar while John Krause of CIMMS provided assistance in reading and processing the data. Thanks to Kurt Hondl for developing the real-time Web displays and helping solve software issues with the system. Thanks to Dan Suppes for building and maintaining the NO-XP radar data archive. Gratitude is also expressed to Public Safety Director Mike Haslip and City Manager Gary Tomsic and the City of Blaine, WA who provided assistance with the deployment, ranging from advice on the availability of local services to temporary garage space when NO-XP needed repairs. Thanks also to the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission and Park Ranger Ted Morris for allowing us to operate from the confines of Birch Bay State Bark. Thanks to Carl Lind and Lind Oil for refueling us every 10 days during the project. The successful deployment of NO-XP to SNOW-V10 would not have been possible without their assistance. The comments of two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve the manuscript. Funding for CIMMS authors was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 171 IS 1-2 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0569-2 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 302QL UT WOS:000330619900005 ER PT J AU Teakles, A Mo, RP Dierking, CF Emond, C Smith, T McLennan, N Joe, PI AF Teakles, Andrew Mo, Ruping Dierking, Carl F. Emond, Chris Smith, Trevor McLennan, Neil Joe, Paul I. TI Realizing User-Relevant Conceptual Model for the Ski Jump Venue of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GAP WINDS; PREDICTION; CASES-99; OUTBREAK; SURFACE; FJORD; SLOPE; GAMES AB As was the case for most other Olympic competitions, providing weather guidance for the ski jump and Nordic combined events involved its own set of unique challenges. The extent of these challenges was brought to light before the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics during a series of outflow wind events in the 2008/2009 winter season. The interactions with the race officials during the difficult race conditions brought on by the outflows provided a new perspective on the service delivery requirements for the upcoming Olympic Games. In particular, the turbulent nature of the winds and its impact on the ski jump practice events that season highlighted the need of race officials for nowcasting advice at very short time scales (from 2 min to 1 h) and forecast products tailored to their decision-making process. These realizations resulted in last minute modifications to the monitoring strategy leading up to the Olympic Games and required forecasters' conceptual models for flow within the Callaghan Valley to be downscaled further to reflect the evolution of turbulence at the ski jump site. The SNOW-V10 (Science of Nowcasting Olympic Weather for Vancouver 2010) team provided support for these efforts by supplying diagnostic case analyses of important events using numerical weather data and by enhancing the real-time monitoring capabilities at the ski jump venue. C1 [Teakles, Andrew; Mo, Ruping; Emond, Chris; Smith, Trevor; McLennan, Neil] Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S5, Canada. [Dierking, Carl F.] NWS Forecast Off, Juneau, AK USA. [Joe, Paul I.] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Teakles, A (reprint author), Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Vancouver, BC V6C 3S5, Canada. EM Andrew.Teakles@ec.gc.ca NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 171 IS 1-2 BP 185 EP 207 DI 10.1007/s00024-012-0544-y PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 302QL UT WOS:000330619900009 ER PT J AU Chiodi, AM Harrison, DE AF Chiodi, Andrew M. Harrison, Don E. TI Comment on Qian et al. 2008: La Nina and El Nino composites of atmospheric CO2 change SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE carbon dioxide; El Nino; La Nina; atmospheric variability; emissions; concentration change ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PRECIPITATION ANOMALIES; TROPICAL SEA; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; CYCLE AB It is well known that interannual extremes in the rate of change of atmospheric CO2 are strongly influenced by the occurrence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Qian et al. presented ENSO composites of atmospheric CO2 changes. We show that their composites do not reflect the atmospheric changes that are most relevant to understanding the role of ENSO on atmospheric CO2 variability. We present here composites of atmospheric CO2 change that differ markedly from those of Qian et al., and reveal previously unreported asymmetries between the effects on the global carbon system of El Nino and La Nina events. The calendar-year timing differs; La Nina changes in atmospheric CO2 typically occur primarily over September-May, while El Nino changes occur primarily over December-August. And the net concentration change is quite different; La Nina changes are about half the size of El Nino changes. These results illustrate new aspects of the ENSO/global carbon budget interaction and provide useful global-scale benchmarks for the evaluation of Earth System Model studies of the carbon system. C1 [Chiodi, Andrew M.; Harrison, Don E.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harrison, Don E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013; Chiodi, Andrew/Q-7818-2016 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-0889 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PY 2014 VL 66 AR 20428 DI 10.3402/tellusb.v66.20428 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA4OZ UT WOS:000331076800001 ER PT J AU Yan, RS Simpson, JR Bertolazzi, S Brivio, J Watson, M Wu, XF Kis, A Luo, TF Walker, ARH Xing, HG AF Yan, Rusen Simpson, Jeffrey R. Bertolazzi, Simone Brivio, Jacopo Watson, Michael Wu, Xufei Kis, Andras Luo, Tengfei Walker, Angela R. Hight Xing, Huili Grace TI Thermal Conductivity of Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide Obtained from Temperature-Dependent Raman Spectroscopy SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE molybdenum disulfide; thermal conductivity; Raman spectroscopy; first-principle lattice dynamics; suspended ID FEW-LAYER MOS2; GRAPHENE; CRYSTALS; TRANSISTORS; DYNAMICS AB Atomically thin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) offers potential for advanced devices and an alternative to graphene due to its unique electronic and optical properties. The temperature-dependent Raman spectra of exfoliated, monolayer MoS2 in the range of 100-320 K are reported and analyzed. The linear temperature coefficients of the in-plane E-2g(1) and the out-of-plane A(1g) modes for both suspended and substrate-supported monolayer MoS2 are measured. These data, when combined with the first-order coefficients from laser power-dependent studies, enable the thermal conductivity to be extracted. The resulting thermal conductivity kappa = (34.5 +/- 4) W/mK at room temperature agrees well with the first-principles lattice dynamics simulations. However, this value is significantly lower than that of graphene. The results from this work provide important input for the design of MoS2-based devices where thermal management is critical. C1 [Yan, Rusen; Xing, Huili Grace] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Simpson, Jeffrey R.; Watson, Michael] Towson Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geosci, Towson, MD 21252 USA. [Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bertolazzi, Simone; Brivio, Jacopo; Kis, Andras] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Elect Engn, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Wu, Xufei; Luo, Tengfei] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Aerosp & Mech Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Yan, RS (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Elect Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM ryan1@nd.edu; angela.hightwalker@nist.gov; hxing@nd.edu RI Kis, Andras/A-4631-2011; Luo, Tengfei/A-8354-2013; Yan, Rusen/A-1618-2014; Yan, Rusen/P-6908-2014; Bertolazzi, Simone/I-3371-2015; Wu, Xufei/G-5319-2016; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Kis, Andras/0000-0002-3426-7702; Bertolazzi, Simone/0000-0001-6321-2033; Wu, Xufei/0000-0002-4871-1376; Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU NSF [CAREER ECCS-084910, ECCS-1232191]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0257]; NIST [60NANB12D147]; Notre Dame Center for Research Computing; SDSC Trestles [TG-CTS100078]; Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NDnano) at the University of Notre Dame; Swiss National Science Foundation [132102, 138237]; Swiss Nanoscience Institute (NCCR Nanoscience) FX The authors acknowledge the support from NSF (CAREER ECCS-084910, ECCS-1232191, monitored by Anupama Kaul), AFOSR (FA9550-12-1-0257, monitored by James Hwang), NIST (60NANB12D147, monitored by David Gundlach), the Notre Dame Center for Research Computing and NSF through TeraGrid resources provided by SDSC Trestles (Grant Number TG-CTS100078), the Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NDnano) at the University of Notre Dame, Swiss National Science Foundation (Grants 132102 and 138237), and the Swiss Nanoscience Institute (NCCR Nanoscience). NR 39 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 14 U2 161 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 986 EP 993 DI 10.1021/nn405826k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 301OX UT WOS:000330542900103 PM 24377295 ER PT J AU Gao, JD Stensrud, DJ Wicker, L Xue, M Zhao, K AF Gao, Jidong Stensrud, David J. Wicker, Louis Xue, Ming Zhao, Kun TI Storm-Scale Radar Data Assimilation and High Resolution NWP SO ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Gao, Jidong; Stensrud, David J.; Wicker, Louis] NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhao, Kun] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Key Lab Mesoscale Severe Weather MOE, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Gao, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storm Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jidong.gao@noaa.gov RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-9309 EI 1687-9317 J9 ADV METEOROL JI Adv. Meteorol. PY 2014 AR 213579 DI 10.1155/2014/213579 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA1MY UT WOS:000330861600001 ER PT J AU Buechler, DE Koshak, WJ Christian, HJ Goodman, SJ AF Buechler, Dennis E. Koshak, William J. Christian, Hugh J. Goodman, Steven J. TI Assessing the performance of the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) using Deep Convective Clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lightning; LIS; Vicarious satellite calibration; Deep convective clouds; TRMM; GLM ID OPTICAL TRANSIENT DETECTOR; PART I; GOES-R; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; ATMOSPHERE; SYSTEM; SPACE AB The stability of the LIS instrument is examined during a 13 year period (1998-2010) by examining LIS background radiance observations of Deep Convective Clouds (DCCs) which are identified by their cold IR brightness temperature. Pixels in the LIS background image associated with DCCs are identified and analyzed during July and August of each year in the 13 year period. The resulting LIS DCC radiances are found to be stable throughout the period, varying at most by 0.8% from the 13 year mean July August value of 358.1 W sr(-1) m(-2) mu m(-1). The DCC method in this study provides a good approach for evaluating the stability of the future GOES-R Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Buechler, Dennis E.; Christian, Hugh J.] Univ Alabama Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Koshak, William J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Off, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Goodman, Steven J.] NOAA, NESDIS, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Buechler, DE (reprint author), Univ Alabama Huntsville, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, 320 Sparkman Dr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. EM buechld@uah.edu FU NOAA GOES-R Calibration Working Group Program [SAA8-061359]; Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) project, NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) Earth Observing system (EOS) project FX This research has been supported by the NOAA GOES-R Calibration Working Group Program (managed by Changyong Cao) under Space Act Agreement # SAA8-061359, and by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) project (Program Manager, Ramesh Kakar, NASA Headquarters) as part of the NASA Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) Earth Observing system (EOS) project. We would also like to acknowledge the lightning team at NASA/MSFC who have supported LIS throughout the years. Thanks also to the reviewers of the paper (Themis Chronis, Earle Williams and an anonymous reviewer) for their comments and suggestions. LIS data is available from the NASA EOSDIS Global Hydrology Resource Center DAAC, Huntsville, AL, USA, http://thunder.nsstc.nasa.gov. The VIRS data was obtained from the GES DISC at: http://mirador.gsfc.nasa.gov/index.shtml. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 135 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.09.008 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 296RR UT WOS:000330203600035 ER PT J AU Johnson, JG Janech, MG Van Dolah, FM AF Johnson, Jillian G. Janech, Michael G. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Caspase-like activity during aging and cell death in the toxic dinoflagellate Karenia brevis SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Aging; Programmed cell death; Caspase ID CHLOROPHYTE DUNALIELLA-TERTIOLECTA; SUBSTRATE CLEAVAGE SITES; SVM-BASED PREDICTION; MARINE DIATOM; SKELETONEMA-COSTATUM; OXIDATIVE STRESS; METACASPASES; APOPTOSIS; PROTEIN; YEAST AB The observation of caspase-like activity during cell death has provided a new framework for understanding the evolutionary and ecological contexts of programmed cell death in phytoplankton. However, additional roles for this caspase-like activity, the enzymes responsible, and the targets of this enzyme activity in phytoplankton remain largely undefined. In the present study, the role of caspase-like activity in aging and ROS-mediated cell death were investigated and death programs both dependent on and independent of caspase-like activity were observed in the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. The dual use of in situ caspase 3/7 and TUNEL staining identified previously undescribed death-associated morphotypes in K. brevis. In silica motif analysis identified several enzymes with predicted caspase-like activity in the K. brevis transcriptome, although bona fide caspases are absent. Lastly, computational prediction of downstream caspase substrates, using sequence context and predicted secondary structure, identified proteins involved in a wide range of biological processes including regulation of protein turnover, cell cycle progression, lipid metabolism, coenzyme metabolism, apoptotic and autophagic death. To confirm the computational predictions, a short peptide was designed around the predicated caspase cleavage site in a predicted novel K. brevis caspase 3/7-like target, Sadenosylmethionine synthetase (KbAdoMetS). Cleavage of the peptide substrate with recombinant caspase 3 enzyme was determined by MALDI-TOF MS, confirming that KbAdoMetS is indeed a bona fide caspase substrate. These data identify the involvement of caspase-like activity in both aging and cell death in K. brevis and identify novel executioner enzymes and downstream targets that may be important for bloom termination. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, Jillian G.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Johnson, Jillian G.; Janech, Michael G.; Van Dolah, Frances M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Program, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Janech, Michael G.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Div Nephrol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Johnson, JG (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jill.johnson821@gmail.com; janechmg@musc.edu; fran.vandolah@noaa.gov OI Janech, Michael/0000-0002-3202-4811 FU NOAA Oceans and Human Health Pre-Doctoral Fellowship awarded; NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program FX The authors would like to thank Christina Mikulski for K. brevis ROS-staining protocol assistance, Alison Bland for her assistance in collecting MALDI-TOF spectra, and Benjamin Neely for assistance with Progenesis analysis of MALDI spectra. The authors would like to thank Jeanine Morey and Kay Bidle for thoughtful comments on the manuscript. This project was funded by a NOAA Oceans and Human Health Pre-Doctoral Fellowship awarded to JGJ and the NOAA Marine Biotoxins Program.[SS] NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2014 VL 31 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2013.08.005 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 300XO UT WOS:000330497500006 PM 28040110 ER PT J AU Gilbert, EP Allen, AJ AF Gilbert, Elliot Paul Allen, Andrew J. TI Introduction to the special issue for the 15th International Conference on Small-Angle Scattering (SAS2012) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; NANOPARTICLES C1 [Gilbert, Elliot Paul] ANSTO, Bragg Inst, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilbert, EP (reprint author), ANSTO, Bragg Inst, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. RI Gilbert, Elliot/A-5566-2010 OI Gilbert, Elliot/0000-0001-6413-7813 NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 47 BP 1 EP 3 DI 10.1107/S1600576714001770 PN 1 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 300SX UT WOS:000330485100001 ER PT J AU Gallagher, AJ Serafy, JE Cooke, SJ Hammerschlag, N AF Gallagher, A. J. Serafy, J. E. Cooke, S. J. Hammerschlag, N. TI Physiological stress response, reflex impairment, and survival of five sympatric shark species following experimental capture and release SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Stress; Physiology; Vulnerability; Fishing; Angling; Fisheries; Reflex impairment ID CATCH-AND-RELEASE; SALT-WATER CROCODILE; ACID-BASE; POSTRELEASE SURVIVAL; EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE; CROCODYLUS-POROSUS; DELAYED MORTALITY; PELAGIC SHARKS; FISHING GEARS; BLOOD-GAS AB In many fisheries, some component of the catch is usually released. Quantifying the effects of capture and release on fish survival is critical for determining which practices are sustainable, particularly for threatened species. Using a standardized fishing technique, we studied sublethal (blood physiology and reflex impairment assessment) and lethal (post-release mortality with satellite tags) outcomes of fishing stress on 5 species of coastal sharks (great hammerhead, bull, blacktip, lemon, and tiger). Species-specific differences were detected in whole blood lactate, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and pH values, with lactate emerging as the sole parameter to be significantly affected by increasing hooking duration and shark size. Species-specific differences in reflex impairment were also found; however, we did not detect any significant relationships between reflex impairment and hooking duration. Taken together, we ranked each species according to degree of stress response, from most to least disturbed, as follows: hammerhead shark > blacktip shark > bull shark > lemon shark > tiger shark. Satellite tagging data revealed that nearly 100% of all tracked tiger sharks reported for at least 4 wk after release, which was significantly higher than bull (74.1%) and great hammerhead (53.6%) sharks. We discuss which mechanisms may lead to species-specific differences in sensitivity to fishing and suggest that observed variation in responses may be influenced by ecological and evolutionary phenomena. Moreover, our results show that certain species (i.e. hammerhead sharks in this study) are inherently vulnerable to capture stress and mortality resulting from fisheries interactions and should receive additional attention in future conservation strategies. C1 [Gallagher, A. J.; Hammerschlag, N.] Univ Miami, Leonard & Jayne Abess Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Policy, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Gallagher, A. J.; Hammerschlag, N.] Univ Miami, RJ Dunlap Marine Conservat Program, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gallagher, A. J.] Beneath Waves Inc, Syracuse, NY 13202 USA. [Serafy, J. E.; Hammerschlag, N.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, J. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Inst Biol, Fish Ecol & Conservat Physiol Lab, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Cooke, S. J.] Carleton Univ, Inst Environm Sci, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. RP Gallagher, AJ (reprint author), Univ Miami, Leonard & Jayne Abess Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Policy, POB 248203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. EM agallagher@rsmas.miami.edu RI Cooke, Steven/F-4193-2010 OI Cooke, Steven/0000-0002-5407-0659 FU Florida Sea Grant; Batchelor Foundation Inc.; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Shark Foundation; Captain Harry J. Vernon and family fisheries scholarship; University of Miami Citizens Board doctoral research grant; Canada Research Chairs program; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ocean Tracking Network Canada FX A special thanks for field support goes to C. Slonim, D. Lazarre, C. Shepard, J. Abernethy, C. Johnson, and the staff and interns of the RJ Dunlap Marine Conservation Program. We also thank J. Mandelman, R. Brill, E. Staaterman, D. Irschick, and D. Shiffman for their thoughtful insights on this work. We thank K. Broad and G. Maranto at the Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy and C. Kunde from Coastal Angler Magazine. A. J. G. and N. H. are supported by funding provided by Florida Sea Grant, the Batchelor Foundation Inc., the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, and the Shark Foundation, as well as the Captain Harry J. Vernon and family fisheries scholarship and a University of Miami Citizens Board doctoral research grant to A.J.G. S.J.C. is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through the Discovery Grants program and Ocean Tracking Network Canada. The US National Marine Fisheries Service also contributed to this work. NR 76 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 9 U2 73 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 496 BP 207 EP 218 DI 10.3354/meps10490 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 298WZ UT WOS:000330356500016 ER PT J AU Mathies, NH Ogburn, MB McFall, G Fangman, S AF Mathies, Noelle H. Ogburn, Matthew B. McFall, Greg Fangman, Sarah TI Environmental interference factors affecting detection range in acoustic telemetry studies using fixed receiver arrays SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Long-term monitoring; Seasonal variation; Signal-to-noise; Time series analysis; Tides; Stratification ID SHALLOW-WATER; PERFORMANCE; DESIGN; PATTERNS; REEF; MOVEMENT; TRACKING; EVENTS; SYSTEM AB Historically, acoustic telemetry studies tracking movement of aquatic organisms have lacked rigorous, long-term evaluations of detection range. The purpose of the present study was to identify potential sources of variability in long-term acoustic telemetry data, focusing specifically on environmental variability. The study was conducted for 15 mo in Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary, Georgia, USA, using 2 submersible Vemco VR2W hydrophone receivers and 2 stationary range test transmitters (controls). Tag detections (+/- 1 SE) decreased from 54.2 +/- 2.5 to 11.4 +/- 0.5 detections d(-1) as transmission distance increased from 100 to 300 m. Detections varied seasonally (likely due to stratification), with the direction of flood and ebb tidal currents (12.4 h cycle), and with tidal current speed (6.2 h cycle). Tides explained up to 92% of the short-term variability in hourly detection data. Detections also increased or decreased during episodic weather events depending on the season and type of event. These results suggest that stationary control tags are useful for characterizing variability in sound transmission in open water marine acoustic telemetry studies. C1 [Mathies, Noelle H.] Savannah State Univ, Marine Sci Program, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Ogburn, Matthew B.] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [McFall, Greg; Fangman, Sarah] Grays Reef Natl Marine Sanctuary, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Mathies, NH (reprint author), Savannah State Univ, Marine Sci Program, 3219 Coll St, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. EM noelle.hawthorne@gmail.com OI Ogburn, Matthew/0000-0001-5417-555X FU NOAA's Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center grant [NA05OAR4811017]; NOAA's Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary FX We thank the NOAA Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary dive team for their tireless efforts in the field. C. Edwards and C. Natunewicz provided important comments on data analyses. Funding for our project was provided by NOAA's Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center grant #NA05OAR4811017 and NOAA's Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 495 BP 27 EP 38 DI 10.3354/meps10582 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 298WU UT WOS:000330356000002 ER PT J AU Glynn, PW Enochs, IC Afflerbach, JA Brandtneris, VW Serafy, JE AF Glynn, P. W. Enochs, I. C. Afflerbach, J. A. Brandtneris, V. W. Serafy, J. E. TI Eastern Pacific reef fish responses to coral recovery following El Nino disturbances SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Reef fish community responses; El Nino disturbances ID ACANTHASTER-PLANCI INFESTATION; PUFFERFISH AROTHRON-MELEAGRIS; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; MOTILE CRYPTOFAUNA; BLEACHING EVENT; IRIOMOTE ISLAND; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CARBONATE BUDGETS; FRAMEWORK EROSION; DWELLING FISHES AB This study examined fluctuations in an eastern Pacific reef fish assemblage as it varied with coral recovery over 30 yr. Concurrent fish and coral monitoring were conducted at Uva Island reef, which lies within the boundaries of Coiba National Park, Panama, in an area that has received virtually no fishing pressure or watershed development over the past 80 yr. Coral and fish monitoring spanned the 1982-1983 and 1997-1998 El Nino disturbances-anomalous warming events that selectively killed reef-building corals. While no fish mortalities were observed during the 1982-1983 El Nino event, live coral cover was reduced to nearly 0% at the study reef. From 1984 to 1990, live coral (Pocillopora spp.) cover was extremely low (< 5%), but demonstrated steady recovery to similar to 35% by 2010. By quantifying disturbance-related, long-term changes in coral reef resources and relating these to fish trophic group responses, several functional relationships emerged. A total of 63 fish taxa were observed, and reef fish density (all taxa combined) remained relatively stable. Multivariate analysis of species abundances revealed a strong overlap between seasons and a clustering of community composition in the years following bleaching. Fish species richness increased significantly as live coral cover rose from near 0 to 15-20% and then demonstrated a decreasing trend to 35% cover. Benthic invertivores showed a significant parabolic increase in density peaking at similar to 20% live coral cover. A pattern of decline was apparent for the mixed diet feeders guild as coral cover increased, whereas an asymptotic relationship with coral cover emerged for the facultative corallivore guild. No clear patterns in herbivore, piscivore and planktivore abundance were apparent with increasing coral cover. The varying responses of invertivore, corallivore and mixed diet feeders guilds demonstrated strong associations with coral cover, probably reflecting changes in the availability of their respective trophic resources during reef recovery. Thus, variations in coral cover probably influence fish communities through trophic pathways involving invertebrate food sources. C1 [Glynn, P. W.; Afflerbach, J. A.; Brandtneris, V. W.; Serafy, J. E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Enochs, I. C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Afflerbach, J. A.] Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Brandtneris, V. W.] Univ Virgin Isl, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Serafy, J. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Glynn, PW (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu RI Enochs, Ian/B-8051-2014 OI Enochs, Ian/0000-0002-8867-0361 FU Smithsonian Institution [1234S104]; National Science Foundation [OCE- 0526361]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX For help in the field and observations on feeding habits, we thank J. Achurra, J. Babb, C.M. Eakin, P. Fong, H.M. Guzman, J.L. Mate, F. Oramas, R.H. Richmond, R. Rowley, M.C. Stouder, A. Velarde, R. Warner and G.M. Wellington. A.B. Mones, S.A. May and G. Shideler improved the graphic presentations. Identifications were provided by R H. Rosenblatt (wrasses and parrotfishes), D.R. Robertson (acanthurids), G. M. Wellington (balistids), J. Leal (gastropods), J. Norris and M. M. Littler (algae). Help from M.S. Pratchett, T.R. McClanahan, and 4 reviewers substantially improved this publication. This study was supported by the Scholarly Studies Program, Smithsonian Institution grant number 1234S104, National Science Foundation, Biological Oceanography Program, grant OCE- 0526361 and earlier awards; the Coral Reef Conservation Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provided partial support. NR 89 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 56 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 495 BP 233 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10594 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 298WU UT WOS:000330356000018 ER PT J AU Du, J Yu, RC Cui, CG Li, J AF Du Jun Yu Rucong Cui Chunguang Li Jun TI Using a mesoscale ensemble to predict forecast error and perform targeted observation SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE NCEP SREF ensemble; spread-skill relation; targeted observation ID NMC; PRECIPITATION; SKILL; MODEL; NCEP AB Using NCEP short range ensemble forecast (SREF) system, demonstrated two fundamental on-going evolutions in numerical weather prediction (NWP) are through ensemble methodology. One evolution is the shift from traditional single-value deterministic forecast to flow-dependent (not statistical) probabilistic forecast to address forecast uncertainty. Another is from a one-way observation-prediction system shifting to an interactive two-way observation-prediction system to increase predictability of a weather system. In the first part, how ensemble spread from NCEP SREF predicting ensemble-mean forecast error was evaluated over a period of about a month. The result shows that the current capability of predicting forecast error by the 21-member NCEP SREF has reached to a similar or even higher level than that of current state-of-the-art NWP models in predicting precipitation, e.g., the spatial correlation between ensemble spread and absolute forecast error has reached 0.5 or higher at 87 h (3.5 d) lead time on average for some meteorological variables. This demonstrates that the current operational ensemble system has already had preliminary capability of predicting the forecast error with usable skill, which is a remarkable achievement as of today. Given the good spread-skill relation, the probability derived from the ensemble was also statistically reliable, which is the most important feature a useful probabilistic forecast should have. The second part of this research tested an ensemble-based interactive targeting (E-BIT) method. Unlike other mathematically-calculated objective approaches, this method is subjective or human interactive based on information from an ensemble of forecasts. A numerical simulation study was performed to eight real atmospheric cases with a 10-member, bred vector-based mesoscale ensemble using the NCEP regional spectral model (RSM, a sub-component of NCEP SREF) to prove the concept of this E-BIT method. The method seems to work most effective for basic atmospheric state variables, moderately effective for convective instabilities and least effective for precipitations. Precipitation is a complex result of many factors and, therefore, a more challenging field to be improved by targeted observation. C1 [Du Jun] NOAA, NCEP, Washington, DC 20740 USA. [Yu Rucong] CMA, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Cui Chunguang; Li Jun] CMA, Wuhan Inst Heavy Rain, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China. RP Du, J (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, Washington, DC 20740 USA. EM Jun.Du@noaa.gov FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275107] FX Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41275107. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X EI 1869-1099 J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s13131-014-0426-5 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 295BT UT WOS:000330092300010 ER PT J AU Nechvatal, J AF Nechvatal, James TI Recurrence relations for Steiner systems with t=2 SO ARS COMBINATORIA LA English DT Article AB A Steiner system S(2, k, v) is a collection of k-subsets (blocks) of a v-set V such that each 2-subset of V is contained in exactly one block. We find recurrence relations for S(2, k, v). C1 NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nechvatal, J (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.nechvatal@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CHARLES BABBAGE RES CTR PI WINNIPEG PA PO BOX 272 ST NORBERT POSTAL STATION, WINNIPEG, MB R3T 2N2, CANADA SN 0381-7032 J9 ARS COMBINATORIA JI ARS Comb. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 113 BP 13 EP 22 PG 10 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 292DX UT WOS:000329883500002 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Thorson, JT See, K Lynch, HJ Grant, EHC Kanno, Y Chandler, RB Letcher, BH Royle, JA AF Zipkin, Elise F. Thorson, James T. See, Kevin Lynch, Heather J. Grant, Evan H. Campbell Kanno, Yoichiro Chandler, Richard B. Letcher, Benjamin H. Royle, J. Andrew TI Modeling structured population dynamics using data from unmarked individuals SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Desmognathus fuscus; detection probability; N-mixture model; northern dusky salamander; stage-structured models; state-space models ID AFTER CONTROL-IMPACT; DESMOGNATHUS-FUSCUS; DUSKY SALAMANDER; COUNTS; ERROR AB The study of population dynamics requires unbiased, precise estimates of abundance and vital rates that account for the demographic structure inherent in all wildlife and plant populations. Traditionally, these estimates have only been available through approaches that rely on intensive mark-recapture data. We extended recently developed N-mixture models to demonstrate how demographic parameters and abundance can be estimated for structured populations using only stage-structured count data. Our modeling framework can be used to make reliable inferences on abundance as well as recruitment, immigration, stage-specific survival, and detection rates during sampling. We present a range of simulations to illustrate the data requirements, including the number of years and locations necessary for accurate and precise parameter estimates. We apply our modeling framework to a population of northern dusky salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) in the mid-Atlantic region (USA) and find that the population is unexpectedly declining. Our approach represents a valuable advance in the estimation of population dynamics using multistate data from unmarked individuals and should additionally be useful in the development of integrated models that combine data from intensive (e.g., mark-recapture) and extensive (e.g., counts) data sources. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.; Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Royle, J. Andrew] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [See, Kevin] Quantitat Consultants Inc, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Lynch, Heather J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Grant, Evan H. Campbell; Kanno, Yoichiro; Letcher, Benjamin H.] USGS Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Chandler, Richard B.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM ezipkin@msu.edu RI Chandler, Richard/D-8831-2014; Grant, Evan/N-5160-2014; Thorson, James/O-7937-2014; Chandler, Richard/F-9702-2016; OI Grant, Evan/0000-0003-4401-6496; Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Royle, Jeffrey/0000-0003-3135-2167 FU USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. National Park Service FX The work in this manuscript was conducted as a part of the "Modeling species response to environmental change: development of integrated, scalable Bayesian models" Working Group supported by the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis. Data were collected with funding from the U.S. National Park Service. We thank two anonymous reviewers for comments on the manuscript that greatly improved the final product. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This is contribution number 463 of the USGS Amphibian and Monitoring Initiative (ARMI). NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 88 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 BP 22 EP 29 DI 10.1890/13-1131.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291IR UT WOS:000329822900005 PM 24649642 ER PT J AU Byrd, BL Hohn, AA Lovewell, GN Barco, SG Friedlaender, A Harms, CA McLellan, WA Moore, KT Rosel, PE Thayer, VG AF Byrd, Barbie L. Hohn, Aleta A. Lovewell, Gretchen N. Barco, Susan G. Friedlaender, Ari Harms, Craig A. McLellan, William A. Moore, Kathleen T. Rosel, Patricia E. Thayer, Victoria G. TI Strandings as indicators of marine mammal biodiversity and human interactions off the coast of North Carolina SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; UNITED-STATES; CETACEAN STRANDINGS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; MID-ATLANTIC; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; HARBOR PORPOISE; SOUTH-CAROLINA AB The adjacency of 2 marine biogeographic regions off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (NC), and the proximity of the Gulf Stream result in a high biodiversity of species from northern and southern provinces and from coastal and pelagic habitats. We examined spatiotemporal patterns of marine mammal strandings and evidence of human interaction for these strandings along NC shorelines and evaluated whether the spatiotemporal patterns and species diversity of the stranded animals reflected published records of populations in NC waters. During the period of 1997-2008, 1847 stranded animals were documented from 1777 reported events. These animals represented 9 families and 34 species that ranged from tropical delphinids to pagophilic seals. This biodiversity is higher than levels observed in other regions. Most strandings were of coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) (56%), harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) (14%), and harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) (4%). Overall, strandings of northern species peaked in spring. Bottlenose dolphin strandings peaked in spring and fall. Almost half of the strandings, including southern delphinids, occurred north of Cape Hatteras, on only 30% of NC's coastline. Most stranded animals that were positive for human interaction showed evidence of having been entangled in fishing gear, particularly bottlenose dolphins, harbor porpoises, short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), harbor seals, and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Spatiotemporal patterns of bottlenose dolphin strandings were similar to ocean gillnet fishing effort. Biodiversity of the animals stranded on the beaches reflected biodiversity in the waters off NC, albeit not always proportional to the relative abundance of species (e.g., Kogia species). Changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of strandings can serve as indicators of underlying changes due to anthropogenic or naturally occurring events in the source populations. C1 [Byrd, Barbie L.; Hohn, Aleta A.; Lovewell, Gretchen N.; Barco, Susan G.; Moore, Kathleen T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Barco, Susan G.] Virginia Aquarium & Marine Sci Ctr Fdn, Virginia Beach, VA 23451 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari; McLellan, William A.] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Harms, Craig A.] Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Harms, Craig A.] Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. [Thayer, Victoria G.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Byrd, BL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM barbie.byrd@noaa.gov RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 85 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 10 U2 66 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 112 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 DI 10.7755/FB.112.1.1 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 296RK UT WOS:000330202900001 ER PT J AU Heery, E Cope, JM AF Heery, Eliza Cope, Jason M. TI Co-occurrence of bycatch and target species in the groundfish demersal trawl fishery of the US west coast; with special consideration of rebuilding stocks SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MARINE-FISHERIES; UPPER SLOPE; ASSEMBLAGES; OREGON; WASHINGTON; MANAGEMENT; SHELF; HABITATS; DISCARDS; ROCKFISH AB Bycatch and resultant discard mortality are issues of global concern. The groundfish demersal trawl fishery on the west coast of the United States is a multispecies fishery with significant catch of target and nontarget species. These catches are of particular concern in regard to species that have previously been declared overfished and are currently rebuilding biomass back to target levels. To understand these interactions better, we used data from the West Coast Groundfish Observer Program in a series of cluster analyses to evaluate 3 questions: 1) Are there identifiable associations between species caught in the bottom trawl fishery; 2) Do species that are undergoing population rebuilding toward target biomass levels ("rebuilding species") cluster with targeted species in a consistent way; 3) Are the relationships between rebuilding bycatch species and target species more resolved at particular spatial scales or are relationships spatially consistent across the whole data set? Two strong species clusters emerged-a deepwater slope cluster and a shelf cluster neither of which included rebuilding species. The likelihood of encountering rebuilding rockfish species is relatively low. To evaluate whether weak clustering of rebuilding rockfish was attributable to their low rate of occurrence, we specified null models of species occurrence. Results indicated that the ability to predict occurrence of rebuilding rockfish when target species were caught was low. Cluster analyses performed at a variety of spatial scales indicated that the most reliable clustering of rebuilding species was at the spatial scale of individual fishing ports. This finding underscores the value of spatially resolved data for fishery management. C1 [Heery, Eliza] NOAA, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 98122 USA. [Cope, Jason M.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 98122 USA. RP Heery, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Box 351800, Washington, DC 98195 USA. EM eliza.heery@uw.edu NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 112 IS 1 BP 36 EP 48 DI 10.7755/FB.112.1.3 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 296RK UT WOS:000330202900003 ER PT J AU Fabrizio, MC Manderson, JP Pessutti, JP AF Fabrizio, Mary C. Manderson, John P. Pessutti, Jeffrey P. TI Home range and seasonal movements of Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata) during their inshore residency at a reef in the mid-Atlantic Bight SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID TAKE MARINE RESERVE; HABITAT USE; SITE FIDELITY; PATTERNS; FISH; BEHAVIOR; SPACE; LABRIDAE; HISTORY; TOOL AB Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata) in the mid-Atlantic Bight undertake seasonal cross-shelf movements to occupy inshore rocky reefs and hardbottom habitats between spring and fall. Shelf-wide migrations of this stock are well documented, but movements and home ranges of fish during their inshore residency period have not been described. We tagged 122 Black Sea Bass with acoustic transmitters at a mid-Atlantic reef to estimate home-range size and factors that influence movements (>400 m) at a 46.1-km(2) study site between May and November 2003. Activity of Black Sea Bass was greatest and most consistent during summer but declined rapidly in September as water temperatures at the bottom of the seafloor increased on the inner shelf. Black Sea Bass maintained relatively large home ranges that were fish-size invariant but highly variable (13.7-736.4 ha), underscoring the importance of large sample sizes in examination of population-level characteristics of mobile species with complex social interactions. On the basis of observed variations in movement patterns and the size of home ranges, we postulate the existence of groups of conspecifics that exhibit similar space-use behaviors. The group of males released earlier in the tagging period used larger home ranges than the group of males released later in our study. In addition, mean activity levels and the probability of movement among acoustic stations varied among groups of fish in a complex manner that depended on sex. These differences in movement behaviors may increase the vulnerability of male fish to passive fishing gears, further exacerbating variation in exploitation rates for this species among reefs. C1 [Fabrizio, Mary C.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Manderson, John P.; Pessutti, Jeffrey P.] NOAA, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Noertheast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Fabrizio, MC (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM mfabrizio@vims.edu OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Moses D. Nunnally fund FX We thank D. Mountain and M. Taylor (NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA) for loaning us the conductivity, temperature, and depth sensors and providing technical assistance and the NOAA scientists and volunteers who assisted with at-sea operations. Vessel support was provided by S. Sirois (RV Gloria Michelle), R. Haner (RV Gloria Michelle), W. Ihde (MV Samantha Miller), E. Christman (NOAA vessel Thomas Jefferson), C. Brown (RV Nauvoo), J. Hughes (RV Walford), and R. Alix (RV Loosanoff). We thank 2 anonymous reviewers whose suggestions helped clarify the presentation of this work. This study was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and was conducted in accordance with guidelines concerning the use of animals in research published by the American Fisheries Society and the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists. M. Fabrizio was partially supported by the Moses D. Nunnally fund. This article is contribution number 3333 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William & Mary. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 15 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 112 IS 1 BP 82 EP 97 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 296RK UT WOS:000330202900006 ER PT J AU Gobush, KS Booth, RK Wasser, SK AF Gobush, K. S. Booth, R. K. Wasser, S. K. TI Validation and application of noninvasive glucocorticoid and thyroid hormone measures in free-ranging Hawaiian monk seals SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; Fecal hormone metabolites; Glucocorticoids; Thyroid hormone ID LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL; MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; FECAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS; NUTRITIONAL STRESS; ADRENAL-FUNCTION; PHOCA-VITULINA; HARBOR SEALS; METABOLITES; SURVIVAL AB We validate fecal glucocorticoid (GC) and thyroid (T3) hormone metabolite measures in the Critically Endangered Hawaiian monk seal for the first time, and examine variation in the concentrations of these hormones in individuals across the species' range. We test hypotheses that monk seals from declining subpopulations have relatively high GCs and low T3 on average suggesting impacts of food limitation, and that this hormone pattern is more apparent in immature animals compared to adults, as food limitation is specifically indicated as a principal cause of poor body condition and survival of juvenile monk seals. We opportunistically sampled scat from 84 individually identifiable monk seals during the 2010 breeding season from two geographic regions, the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) and the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). The MHI subpopulation of monk seals is growing, whereas subpopulations at many sites in the NWHI are in decline. Best fit general linear models predicting variation in GCs and T3 (examined separately) were similar (after accounting for significantly elevated hormone concentrations associated with molt and possibly lactation); both included sample date, region, and monk seal age as predictors. GC concentrations were significantly lower in MHI versus NWHI monk seals and decreased as the breeding season progressed. T3 concentrations were significantly lower in immature monk seals compared to adults. GC and T3 concentrations were positively correlated at 4 NWHI sites; prey may be adequate for physiological growth or maintenance at these sites but relatively stressful to acquire. GCs were highest at French Frigate Shoals, (a NWHI site) while T3 was relatively low here, indicating a possible signal of food limitation. GCs were lowest in the MHI. Disturbance associated with living near a high human population in the MHI appears to impact monk seal physiology less than other stressors encountered in the remote and highly protected NWHI where human presence is extremely low. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Gobush, K. S.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Gobush, K. S.] Save Elephants, Nairobi 00200, Kenya. [Booth, R. K.; Wasser, S. K.] Univ Washington, Ctr Conservat Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Gobush, KS (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1000, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM kathleen.gobush@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 8 U2 43 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 195 BP 174 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.10.020 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 297LO UT WOS:000330257100020 PM 24239792 ER PT J AU Grossman, EN Friedman, OD Nelson, AO AF Grossman, Erich N. Friedman, Oscar D. Nelson, Andrew O. TI Non-Imaging Winston Cone Concentrators for Submillimeter-Wave, Overmoded Waveguide SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TERAHERTZ SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Compound parabolic concentrator (CPC); concentrator; overmoded waveguide; power meter; submillimeter-wave; terahertz (THz); Winston cone ID MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS AB We describe the design, simulation, and measured performance of concentrators designed to couple submillimeter wavelength radiation from free space into highly overmoded, rectangular, WR-10 waveguide. They consist of a combination of a Winston cone (also called a compound parabolic concentrator or CPC) with an adiabatic circular to rectangular transition. They are intended for use as adapters, between instruments using overmoded WR-10 waveguide as input or output and sources propagating through free space. Unlike conventional waveguide-coupled antennas, a geometric optics analysis is more appropriate than a mode-by-mode electromagnetic calculation of impedance and far-field pattern. Six separate designs were studied, with input diameters from 5 to 16 mm, and "throat" diameters (i.e., diameters at the circular interface between cone and transition sections) of 1 to 4 mm. Measurements at 394 mu m wavelength (760 GHz) using a far-IR waveguide laser beam indicate efficiencies of 40%-55%. The angular response is primarily determined by the Winston cone, and is well predicted by geometric optics theory, i.e., approximately constant out to an angle determined by the ratio of input to throat diameters. The efficiencies are primarily determined by the transition section, and for all concentrators are consistent with an average reflectance of 94% from the gold-plated, electroformed, interior surfaces. For each individual concentrator, efficiency variations with polarization, angular orientation and beamsize are below the measurement uncertainty. C1 [Grossman, Erich N.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Friedman, Oscar D.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Nelson, Andrew O.] NIST, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM erich.grossman@nist.gov FU DARPA Terahertz Electronics program FX This work was supported in part by the DARPA Terahertz Electronics program. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-342X J9 IEEE T THZ SCI TECHN JI IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 65 EP 74 DI 10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2283371 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 296FR UT WOS:000330171100010 ER PT J AU Harms, CA McLellan, WA Moore, MJ Barco, SG Clarke, EO Thayer, VG Rowles, TK AF Harms, Craig A. McLellan, William A. Moore, Michael J. Barco, Susan G. Clarke, Elsburgh O., III Thayer, Victoria G. Rowles, Teresa K. TI LOW-RESIDUE EUTHANASIA OF STRANDED MYSTICETES SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Analgesia; beaching; drug residue; euthanasia; mysticete; relay toxicity; sedation; stranding ID JUVENILE FIN WHALE; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Euthanasia of stranded large whales poses logistic, safety, pharmaceutical, delivery, public relations, and disposal challenges. Reasonable arguments may be made for allowing a stranded whale to expire naturally. However, slow cardiovascular collapse from gravitational effects outside of neutral buoyancy, often combined with severely debilitating conditions, motivate humane efforts to end the animal's suffering. The size of the animal and prevailing environmental conditions often pose safety concerns for stranding personnel, which take priority over other considerations. When considering chemical euthanasia, the size of the animal also necessitates large quantities of euthanasia agents. Drug residues are a concern for relay toxicity to scavengers, particularly for pentobarbital-containing euthanasia solutions. Pentobarbital is also an environmental concern because of its stability and long persistence in aquatic environments. We describe a euthanasia technique for stranded mysticetes using readily available, relatively inexpensive, preanesthetic and anesthetic drugs (midazolam, acepromazine, xylazine) followed by saturated KCl delivered via custom-made needles and a low-cost, basic, pressurized canister. This method provides effective euthanasia while moderating personnel exposure to hazardous situations and minimizing drug residues of concern for relay toxicity. C1 [Harms, Craig A.; Clarke, Elsburgh O., III] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Harms, Craig A.; Clarke, Elsburgh O., III] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [McLellan, William A.] Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Barco, Susan G.] Virginia Aquarium & Marine Sci Ctr, Virginia Beach, VA 23451 USA. [Thayer, Victoria G.] North Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Thayer, Victoria G.] Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Harms, CA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM craig_harms@ncsu.edu RI Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 FU NMFS Southeast Region; [NA04NMF4390040]; [NA08NMF4390590]; [NA09NMF4390226]; [NA09 MF4390215]; [NA10NMF4390238]; [NA11NMF 4390065]; [NAl2NMF4390165]; [2005-0162-008]; [2005-0162-014] FX Eric Anderson, Michele Bogardus, Heather Broadhurst, Karen Clark, Paul Doshkov, Kim Durham, An Friedlander, Robert George, Tripp Kolkmeyer, Gretchen Lovewell, Ray Mroch, Ann Pabst, Keith Rittmaster, Betsy Stringer, Jill Sullivan, Joshua Summers, Jennifer Hurley-Sanders, Dave Rotstein, Gwen Lockhart, Shannon Davis, Sarah Mallette, and additional personnel from Cape Lookout and Cape Hatteras National Seashores; the US Coast Guard; and the North Carolina Marine Patrol all provided invaluable assistance on one or more cases. We thank Robert Maclean in particular for providing the custom-made, small-gauge, long needles. Ryan McAlarney constructed the map in Figure 1. Funding for stranding responses and drug residue analyses came from Prescott Grants (NA04NMF4390040, NA08NMF4390590, NA09NMF4390226, NA09 NMF4390215, NA10NMF4390238, NA11NMF 4390065, NAl2NMF4390165), and Prescott Emergency Grants (2005-0162-008 and 2005-0162-014). Erin Fougeres, NMFS Southeast Region, provided funding for the improved intracardiac delivery system. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 63 EP 73 DI 10.7589/2013-03-074 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 297KJ UT WOS:000330254000008 PM 24171559 ER PT J AU Barnes, BB Hu, CM Cannizzaro, JP Craig, SE Hallock, P Jones, DL Lehrter, JC Melo, N Schaeffer, BA Zepp, R AF Barnes, Brian B. Hu, Chuanmin Cannizzaro, Jennifer P. Craig, Susanne E. Hallock, Pamela Jones, David L. Lehrter, John C. Melo, Nelson Schaeffer, Blake A. Zepp, Richard TI Estimation of diffuse attenuation of ultraviolet light in optically shallow Florida Keys waters from MODIS measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Water clarity; Light penetration; Ultra-violet light; Remote sensing; Shallow water; Coral reef ID DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; OCEAN COLOR; COASTAL WATERS; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; PHYTOPLANKTON PIGMENTS; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; SOUTH FLORIDA; REEF WATERS; CORAL-REEFS; RADIATION AB Diffuse attenuation of solar light (K-d, m(-1)) determines the percentage of light penetrating the water column and available for benthic organisms. Therefore, K-d can be used as an index of water quality for coastal ecosystems that are dependent on photosynthesis, such as the coral reef environments of the Florida Reef Tract. Ultraviolet (UV) light reaching corals can lead to reductions in photosynthetic capacity as well as DNA damage. Unfortunately, field measurements of K-d(UV) lack sufficient spatial and temporal coverage to derive statistically meaningful patterns, and it has been notoriously difficult to derive K-d in optically shallow waters from remote sensing due to bottom contamination. Here we describe an approach to derive K-d(UV) in optically shallow waters of the Florida Keys using variations in the spectral shape of MODIS-derived surface reflectance. The approach used a principal component analysis and stepwise multiple regression to parsimoniously select modes of variance in MODIS-derived reflectance data that best explained variance in concurrent in situ K-d(UV) measurements. The resulting models for K-d(UV) retrievals in waters 1-30 m deep showed strong positive relationships between derived and measured parameters [e.g., for K-d(305) ranging from 0.28 to 3.27 m(-1); N = 29; R-2 = 0.94]. The predictive capabilities of these models were further tested, also showing acceptable performance [for K-d(305), R2 = 0.92; bias = -0.02 m(-1); URMS = 23%]. The same approach worked reasonably well in deriving the absorption coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in UV wavelengths [a(g)(UV), m(-1)], as K-d(UV) is dominated by ag(UV). Application of the approach to MODIS data showed different spatial and temporal K-d(305) patterns than the K-d(488) patterns derived from a recently validated semi-analytical approach, suggesting that different mechanisms are controlling K-d in the UV and in the visible. Given the importance of water clarity and light availability to shallow-water flora and fauna, the new K-d(UV) and ag(UV) data products provide unprecedented information for assessing and monitoring of coral reef health, and could further assist ongoing regional protection efforts. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Barnes, Brian B.; Hu, Chuanmin; Cannizzaro, Jennifer P.; Hallock, Pamela; Jones, David L.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Craig, Susanne E.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Lehrter, John C.; Schaeffer, Blake A.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Melo, Nelson] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Melo, Nelson] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zepp, Richard] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA USA. RP Barnes, BB (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM bbarnes4@mail.usf.edu RI Melo, Nelson/A-5983-2011 OI Melo, Nelson/0000-0001-7563-5420 FU U.S. NASA; NOAA-NURC [2004-19B]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division [X7-96465607-0]; NOAA's AOML FX This work was funded by the U.S. NASA through its Gulf of Mexico program, Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry program, Decision Support program, and Water and Energy Cycle program. The authors wish to thank NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (Wessel & Smith, 1996) for providing coastline shapefiles, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission's Fish and Wildlife Research Institute for providing benthic habitat maps, USGS for providing bathymetry data, and NASA/GSFC Ocean Biology Processing Group (OBPG) for providing MODIS data and SeaDAS software, as well as two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to greatly enhance this manuscript Collection of in situ data was funded, in part, by NOAA-NURC subcontract No. 2004-19B and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gulf Ecology Division Grant No. X7-96465607-0. Several coauthors work for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, but the views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views or policies of EPA. Mention of trade names, products, or services does not convey, and should not be interpreted as conveying, official EPA approval, endorsement or recommendation. Support for N. Melo was provided by NOAA's AOML. NR 88 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 BP 519 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.09.024 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 290NS UT WOS:000329766200042 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Boukabara, S AF Liu, Quanhua Boukabara, Sid TI Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) applications in supporting the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) mission validation and verification SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE SNPP instruments; CRTM; Validation and verification ID VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; SATELLITE SENSORS; RADIANCES; RETRIEVAL; DESERT; INTERCALIBRATION; RADIOMETERS; IRRADIANCE; SCATTERING; SYSTEM AB The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) sensors operationally measure a broad spectrum from microwave to ultraviolet wavelengths for generating 30 satellite products. The wide swath of the SNPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) observed a historic event: 3 typhoons that all hit China mainland within 5 days. The Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) provides critical supports to the SNPP instrumental validation and verification efforts. For example, the CRTM helped to verify image striping in the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) upper atmosphere channels. The CRTM has also been used to characterize the ATMS radiometric bias and has led to the development of a complementary cloud screening method. Using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 6 h analysis data as inputs to the CRTM, we can statistically quantify the spectral bias for each field of view (FOV) of the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). The CRTM is also a very useful tool for cross-sensor verifications. Using the double difference method, it can remove the biases caused by slight differences in the spectral response and geometric angles between two instruments. The CRTM helps our understanding on radiometric and spectral calibrations. It is the CRTM simulations that enable us to determine the root cause of the VIIRS shortwave infrared band image striping during daytime. The CRTM is operationally used at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for weather forecasting and monitoring satellite radiance biases and standard deviation. This study also demonstrated the CRTM capability for Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) radiance simulations. The first result showed a good agreement between the measurement and simulation. The CRTM for OMPS limb sensing, and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) shortwave radiation and long-wave radiation flux simulation capability need to be extended. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Liu, Quanhua; Boukabara, Sid] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008 OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X FU Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX We thank Kevin Garrett very much for his valuable suggestions and corrections. This study is supported through the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of NOAA. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 BP 744 EP 754 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.10.011 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 290NS UT WOS:000329766200061 ER PT J AU Castro, SL Wick, GA Buck, JJH AF Castro, Sandra L. Wick, Gary A. Buck, Justin J. H. TI Comparison of diurnal warming estimates from unpumped Argo data and SEVIRI satellite observations SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Diurnal warming; SST; Foundation temperature; SEVIRI; Argo near surface temperature; APEX Argo ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COASTAL OCEAN; AMPLITUDE; EVENT; CYCLE; MODEL; SKIN AB Estimates of diurnal warming at the ocean surface from modified Argo floats providing unpumped measurements of temperature up to the surface are compared against collocated satellite-derived values from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) flying on the METEOSAT-9 Second Generation (MSG) geostationary satellite. The amplitude of diurnal warming is computed from the difference between subskin and foundation temperature estimates derived independently from the Argo and SEVIRI data. The results demonstrate remarkable consistency between the observations, lending support for both products and the associated methodologies, particularly for the estimation of the foundation temperature. Individual subskin values agree to within an absolute mean difference of <= 0.1 K and standard deviations of the differences are <0.4 K. Statistics for comparison of the foundation temperatures are similar. Differences between the corresponding derived estimates of diurnal warming have negligible bias and standard deviations <0.25 K. The strong agreement of the diurnal warming estimates exists even when excluding nearly isothermal profiles, suggesting the differences are robust to small spatial offsets and point-to-pixel differences. The results particularly support the ability of the modified Argo floats to provide reliable, and highly valuable, measurements of the near-surface temperature, helping to argue for more modified floats. Moreover, the results suggest that the unpumped Argo data has the potential to provide an independent estimate of the foundation temperature for validation of SST analyses. The method for estimating the foundation temperature from SEVIRI represents a good compromise between data coverage and influences of cloud contamination and nighttime cooling. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Castro, Sandra L.] Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wick, Gary A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Buck, Justin J. H.] British Oceanog Data Ctr, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Castro, SL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CCAR 431 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sandrac@colorado.edu FU Multi-sensor Improved Sea-Surface Temperature (MISST) for IOOS FX Funding for this work was provided by the Multi-sensor Improved Sea-Surface Temperature (MISST) for IOOS. We thank Dr. Andrea Kaiser-Weiss for initiating a dialog between GHRSST and the Argo community about the potential use of NST Argo data in the studies of diurnal warming. The constructive comments of two anonymous reviewers are also greatly appreciated. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 BP 789 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.042 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 290NS UT WOS:000329766200065 ER PT J AU Farmer, NA Ault, JS AF Farmer, Nicholas A. Ault, Jerald S. TI Modeling Coral Reef Fish Home Range Movements in Dry Tortugas, Florida SO SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; RESERVES; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; SIZE; AGGREGATIONS; ESTIMATORS; ECOSYSTEM; PATTERNS; BENEFITS AB Underestimation of reef fish space use may result in marine reserves that are too small to effectively buffer a portion of the stock from fishing mortality. Commonly used statistical home range models, such as minimum convex polygon (MCP) or 95% kernel density (95% KD) methods, require the exclusion of individuals who move beyond the bounds of the tracking study. Spatially explicit individual-based models of fish home range movements parameterized from multiple years of acoustic tracking data were developed for three exploited coral reef fishes (red grouper Epinephelus morio, black grouper Mycteroperca bonaci, and mutton snapper Lutjanus analis) in Dry Tortugas, Florida. Movements were characterized as a combination of probability of movement, distance moved, and turning angle. Simulations suggested that the limited temporal and geographic scope of most movement studies may underestimate home range size, especially for fish with home range centers near the edges of the array. Simulations provided useful upper bounds for home range size (red grouper: 2.28 +/- 0.81 km(2) MCP, 3.60 +/- 0.89 km(2) KD; black grouper: 2.06 +/- 0.84 km(2) MCP, 3.93 +/- 1.22 km(2) KD; mutton snapper: 7.72 +/- 2.23 km(2) MCP, 6.16 +/- 1.11 km(2) KD). Simulations also suggested that MCP home ranges are more robust to artifacts of passive array acoustic detection patterns than 95% KD methods. C1 [Farmer, Nicholas A.; Ault, Jerald S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Farmer, Nicholas A.] NOAA, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Southeast Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Farmer, NA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nick.farmer@noaa.gov RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 FU National Park Service CESU [H5000065040-J5281060165]; NOAA NMFS Coral Reef Conservation Program [NA17RJ1226, NA08OAR4320892]; National Science Foundation [EAR 1204752]; ASEE National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship; University of Miami Doctoral Fellowship FX This research was supported by National Park Service CESU Contract H5000065040-J5281060165 and NOAA NMFS Coral Reef Conservation Program Grants NA17RJ1226 and NA08OAR4320892. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EAR 1204752. Graduate support was provided to Nicholas A. Farmer by an ASEE National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship and a University of Miami Doctoral Fellowship. The authors thank Superintendent Dan Kimball and Assistant Superintendent Bob Howard of Dry Tortugas National Park and Billy Causey of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, for funding, permits, and access to resources. They also thank the following for additional support: Florida Foundation for Responsible Angling; International Light Tackle Tournament Association; International Women's Fishing Association Ryan Kelley Memorial Scholarship; Marine Technology Society; PADI Project AWARE; SEASPACE; Yamaha Contender Miami Billfish Tournament; University of Miami Small Boats Program; Yankee Fleet of Key West; Costa del Mar; National Marine Fisheries Service; G. Kelley; S. Donahue; The Calloway Family; American Institute of Fishery Research Biologists; United States Geological Survey; Stock Island Oceanside Marina; Andy Griffiths Charters of Key West, Florida; D. B. Olson, N. M. Ehrhardt, and J. W. McManus of University of Miami; and the authors' many field volunteers. All research was in full compliance with the University of Miami Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1537-744X J9 SCI WORLD J JI Sci. World J. PY 2014 AR 629791 DI 10.1155/2014/629791 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 299IR UT WOS:000330389900001 ER PT J AU Kazil, J Feingold, G Wang, H Yamaguchi, T AF Kazil, J. Feingold, G. Wang, H. Yamaguchi, T. TI On the interaction between marine boundary layer cellular cloudiness and surface heat fluxes SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEAST PACIFIC STRATOCUMULUS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; OPEN CELLS; VOCALS-REX; PART I; PRECIPITATION; CONVECTION; CUMULUS; TRANSITION; AEROSOL AB The interaction between marine boundary layer cellular cloudiness and surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat is investigated. The investigation focuses on the non-precipitating closed-cell state and the precipitating open-cell state at low geostrophic wind speed. The Advanced Research WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model is used to conduct cloud system-resolving simulations with interactive surface fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and of sea salt aerosol, and with a detailed representation of the interaction between aerosol particles and clouds. The mechanisms responsible for the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of the surface heat fluxes in the closed-and open-cell state are investigated and explained. It is found that the closed-cell state imposes its horizontal spatial structure on surface air temperature and water vapor, and, to a lesser degree, on the surface sensible and latent heat flux. The responsible mechanism is the entrainment of dry, free tropospheric air into the boundary layer. The open-cell state is associated with oscillations in surface air temperature, water vapor, and in the surface fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, and of sea salt aerosol. Here, the responsible mechanism is the periodic formation of clouds, rain, and of cold and moist pools with elevated wind speed. Open-cell cloud formation, cloud optical depth and liquid water path, and cloud and rain water path are identified as good predictors of the horizontal spatial structure of surface air temperature and sensible heat flux, but not of surface water vapor and latent heat flux. It is shown that the open-cell state creates conditions conducive to its maintenance by enhancing the surface sensible heat flux. The open-cell state also enhances the sea salt flux relative to the closed-cell state. While the open-cell state under consideration is not depleted in aerosol and is insensitive to variations in sea salt fluxes, in aerosol-depleted conditions, the enhancement of the sea salt flux may replenish the aerosol needed for cloud formation and hence contribute to the maintenance of the open-cell state. Spatial homogenization of the surface fluxes is found to have only a small effect on cloud properties in the investigated cases. C1 [Kazil, J.; Yamaguchi, T.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kazil, J.; Feingold, G.; Yamaguchi, T.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Kazil, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jan.kazil@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hailong/B-8061-2010; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Kazil, Jan/B-7652-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Wang, Hailong/0000-0002-1994-4402; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; Kazil, Jan/0000-0003-3271-2451; FU US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research Program [DE-SC0006972]; US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects; NOAA's Climate Goal; DOE Office of Science Earth System Modeling Program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RLO1830] FX The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. J. Kazil and G. Feingold are supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric System Research Program grant DE-SC0006972. T. Yamaguchi is supported by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects. J. Kazil, G. Feingold, and T. Yamaguchi are supported by NOAA's Climate Goal. Hailong Wang is supported by the DOE Office of Science Earth System Modeling Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RLO1830. Simulations were carried out on the NOAA Research & Development High Performance Computing System. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 61 EP 79 DI 10.5194/acp-14-61-2014 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600005 ER PT J AU Fan, J Leung, LR DeMott, PJ Comstock, JM Singh, B Rosenfeld, D Tomlinson, JM White, A Prather, KA Minnis, P Ayers, JK Min, Q AF Fan, J. Leung, L. R. DeMott, P. J. Comstock, J. M. Singh, B. Rosenfeld, D. Tomlinson, J. M. White, A. Prather, K. A. Minnis, P. Ayers, J. K. Min, Q. TI Aerosol impacts on California winter clouds and precipitation during CalWater 2011: local pollution versus long-range transported dust SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; AIR-POLLUTION; MINERAL DUST; SNOW GROWTH; PART I; MODEL AB Mineral dust aerosols often observed over California in winter and spring, associated with long-range transport from Asia and the Sahara, have been linked to enhanced precipitation based on observations. Local anthropogenic pollution, on the other hand, was shown in previous observational and modeling studies to reduce precipitation. Here we incorporate recent developments in ice nucleation parameterizations to link aerosols with ice crystal formation in a spectralbin cloud microphysical model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in order to examine the relative and combined impacts of dust and local pollution particles on cloud properties and precipitation type and intensity. Simulations are carried out for two cloud cases (from the CalWater 2011 field campaign) with contrasting meteorology and cloud dynamics that occurred on 16 February (FEB16) and 2 March (MAR02). In both cases, observations show the presence of dust and biological particles in a relative pristine environment. The simulated cloud microphysical properties and precipitation show reasonable agreement with aircraft and surface measurements. Model sensitivity experiments indicate that in the pristine environment, the dust and biological aerosol layers increase the accumulated precipitation by 10-20 % from the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada for both FEB16 and MAR02 due to a similar to 40% increase in snow formation, validating the observational hypothesis. Model results show that local pollution increases precipitation over the windward slope of the mountains by a few percent due to increased snow formation when dust is present, but reduces precipitation by 5-8% if dust is removed on FEB16. The effects of local pollution on cloud microphysics and precipitation strongly depend on meteorology, including cloud dynamics and the strength of the Sierra Barrier Jet. This study further underscores the importance of the interactions between local pollution, dust, and environmental conditions for assessing aerosol effects on cold-season precipitation in California. C1 [Fan, J.; Leung, L. R.; Comstock, J. M.; Singh, B.; Tomlinson, J. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [DeMott, P. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rosenfeld, D.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [White, A.] NOAA ESRL, R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Prather, K. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Chem & Biochem, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Minnis, P.] NASA Langley Res Ctr LaRC, Hampton, VA USA. [Ayers, J. K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Min, Q.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Fan, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jiwen.fan@pnnl.gov RI Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008 OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890 FU California Energy Commission (CEC); Office of Science of the US Department of Energy; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO1830]; DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program; CEC; National Science Foundation (NSF) [ATM-0841602]; Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Division [SC00002354]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); DOE [SC0000991] FX This study was supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC) and the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy as part of the Regional and Global Climate Modeling program. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for Department of Energy (DOE) by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO1830. The G-1 is base funded by the DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and the deployment of the G-1 during Calwater was supported by CEC. P. J. DeMott acknowledges partial support from National Science Foundation (NSF) via grant ATM-0841602 and the Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research Division contract SC00002354. P. Minnis and J. K. Ayers were supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) Program Program and DOE Interagency Agreement SC0000991. Chun Zhao at PNNL is thanked for the help with the use of the NARR and NAM data. We also thank Jessie Creamean at University of California, San Diego for help in obtaining some of the observational data. NR 65 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 6 U2 54 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 81 EP 101 DI 10.5194/acp-14-81-2014 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600006 ER PT J AU Parrondo, MC Gil, M Yela, M Johnson, BJ Ochoa, HA AF Parrondo, M. C. Gil, M. Yela, M. Johnson, B. J. Ochoa, H. A. TI Antarctic ozone variability inside the polar vortex estimated from balloon measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SEPTEMBER 2002; STRATOSPHERE; TRENDS; DEPLETION; TRANSPORT; RECOVERY AB Thirteen years of ozone soundings at the Antarctic Belgrano II station (78 degrees S, 34.6 degrees W) have been analysed to establish a climatology of stratospheric ozone and temperature over the area. The station is inside the polar vortex during the period of development of chemical ozone depletion. Weekly periodic profiles provide a suitable database for seasonal characterization of the evolution of stratospheric ozone, especially valuable during wintertime, when satellites and ground-based instruments based on solar radiation are not available. The work is focused on ozone loss rate variability (August-October) and its recovery (November-December) at different layers identified according to the severity of ozone loss. The time window selected for the calculations covers the phase of a quasi-linear ozone reduction, around day 220 (mid-August) to day 273 (end of September). Decrease of the total ozone column over Belgrano during spring is highly dependent on the meteorological conditions. Largest depletions (up to 59 %) are reached in coldest years, while warm winters exhibit significantly lower ozone loss (20 %). It has been found that about 11 % of the total 03 loss, in the layer where maximum depletion occurs, takes place before sunlight has arrived, as a result of transport to Belgrano of air from a somewhat lower latitude, near the edge of the polar vortex, providing evidence of mixing inside the vortex. Spatial homogeneity of the vortex has been examined by comparing Belgrano results with those previously obtained for South Pole station (SPS) for the same altitude range and for 9 yr of overlapping data. Results show more than 25 % higher ozone loss rate at SPS than at Belgrano. The behaviour can be explained taking into account (i) the transport to both stations of air from a somewhat lower latitude, near the edge of the polar vortex, where sunlight reappears sooner, resulting in earlier depletion of ozone, and (ii) the accumulated hours of sunlight, which become much greater at the South Pole after the spring equinox. According to the variability of the ozone hole recovery, a clear connection between the timing of the breakup of the vortex and the monthly ozone content was found. Minimum ozone concentration of 57 DU in the 12-24 km layer remained in November, when the vortex is more persistent, while in years when the final stratospheric warming took place "very early", mean integrated ozone rose by up to 160-180 DU. C1 [Parrondo, M. C.; Gil, M.; Yela, M.] Natl Inst Aerosp Technol, Atmospher Res & Instrumentat Branch, Torrejon De Ardoz, Spain. [Johnson, B. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ochoa, H. A.] IAA, DNA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Parrondo, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp Technol, Atmospher Res & Instrumentat Branch, Torrejon De Ardoz, Spain. EM parrondosc@inta.es RI Yela, Margarita/J-7346-2016 OI Yela, Margarita/0000-0003-3775-3156 FU Spanish Polar Program [CICYT-ANT97-0433, REN2000-0245-C02-01, CGL2004-05419-C02-01/ANT, POL2006-0382, CGL2010-20353]; EU [EVK2-2001-00129] FX We thank the different ozone sounding operational teams at Belgrano station. We also would like to thank to ECMWF for providing potential vorticity and temperature data. This work has been partially funded by Spanish Polar Program (CICYT-ANT97-0433, REN2000-0245-C02-01, CGL2004-05419-C02-01/ANT, POL2006-0382 and CGL2010-20353) and EU 5th Framework Programme (QUOBI project, EVK2-2001-00129). NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 217 EP 229 DI 10.5194/acp-14-217-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600015 ER PT J AU Sofieva, VF Tamminen, J Kyrola, E Mielonen, T Veeflkind, P Hassler, B Bodeker, GE AF Sofieva, V. F. Tamminen, J. Kyrola, E. Mielonen, T. Veeflkind, P. Hassler, B. Bodeker, G. E. TI A novel tropopause-related climatology of ozone profiles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MONITORING INSTRUMENT; ZONAL ASYMMETRY; TECHNICAL NOTE; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; QUALITY; MISSION; HEIGHT; TRENDS AB A new ozone climatology, based on ozonesonde and satellite measurements, spanning the altitude region between the earth's surface and similar to 60 km is presented (TpO(3) climatology). This climatology is novel in that the ozone profiles are categorized according to calendar month, latitude and local tropopause heights. Compared to the standard latitude-month categorization, this presentation improves the representativeness of the ozone climatology in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (UTLS). The probability distribution of tropopause heights in each latitude-month bin provides additional climatological information and allows transforming/comparing the TpO(3) climatology to a standard climatology of zonal mean ozone profiles. The TpO(3) climatology is based on high-vertical-resolution measurements of ozone from the satellite-based Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (in 1984 to 2005) and from balloon-borne ozonesondes from 1980 to 2006. The main benefits of the TpO(3) climatology are reduced standard deviations on climatological ozone profiles in the UTLS, partial characterization of longitudinal variability, and characterization of ozone profiles in the presence of double tropopauses. The first successful application of the TpO(3) climatology as a priori in ozone profile retrievals from Ozone Monitoring Instrument on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite shows an improvement of ozone precision in UTLS of up to 10 % compared with the use of conventional climatologies. In addition to being advantageous for use as a priori in satellite retrieval algorithms, the TpO(3) climatology might be also useful for validating the representation of ozone in climate model simulations. C1 [Sofieva, V. F.; Tamminen, J.; Kyrola, E.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Mielonen, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio, Finland. [Mielonen, T.; Veeflkind, P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Veeflkind, P.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Dept Geosci & Remote Sensing, Delft, Netherlands. [Hassler, B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Bodeker, G. E.] Bodeker Sci, Alexandra, Central Otago, New Zealand. RP Sofieva, VF (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM viktoria.sofieva@fmi.fi RI Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; Kyrola, Erkki/E-1835-2014; Sofieva, Viktoria/E-1958-2014; Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Mielonen, Tero/L-7067-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bodeker, Gregory/0000-0003-1094-5852; Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Sofieva, Viktoria/0000-0002-9192-2208; Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Mielonen, Tero/0000-0003-1496-097X; FU Tekes; Ministry of Transport and Communications, Finland; Academy of Finland FX The work of V. F. Sofieva, J. Tamminen, and E. Kyrola has been supported by Tekes and Ministry of Transport and Communications, Finland (project PP-TROPOMI), and the Academy of Finland (projects ASTREX and MIDAT). This study contributes also to the ESA/DRAGON-3 cooperation project. The authors sincerely thank J. Bak for comments and providing the tropopause-referenced climatology. NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 283 EP 299 DI 10.5194/acp-14-283-2014 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600020 ER PT J AU Baklanov, A Schlunzen, K Suppan, P Baldasano, J Brunner, D Aksoyoglu, S Carmichael, G Douros, J Flemming, J Forkel, R Galmarini, S Gauss, M Grell, G Hirtl, M Joffre, S Jorba, O Kaas, E Kaasik, M Kallos, G Kong, X Korsholm, U Kurganskiy, A Kushta, J Lohmann, U Mahura, A Manders-Groot, A Maurizi, A Moussiopoulos, N Rao, ST Savage, N Seigneur, C Sokhi, RS Solazzo, E Solomos, S Sorensen, B Tsegas, G Vignati, E Vogel, B Zhang, Y AF Baklanov, A. Schluenzen, K. Suppan, P. Baldasano, J. Brunner, D. Aksoyoglu, S. Carmichael, G. Douros, J. Flemming, J. Forkel, R. Galmarini, S. Gauss, M. Grell, G. Hirtl, M. Joffre, S. Jorba, O. Kaas, E. Kaasik, M. Kallos, G. Kong, X. Korsholm, U. Kurganskiy, A. Kushta, J. Lohmann, U. Mahura, A. Manders-Groot, A. Maurizi, A. Moussiopoulos, N. Rao, S. T. Savage, N. Seigneur, C. Sokhi, R. S. Solazzo, E. Solomos, S. Sorensen, B. Tsegas, G. Vignati, E. Vogel, B. Zhang, Y. TI Online coupled regional meteorology chemistry models in Europe: current status and prospects SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY MODELS; SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; CLOUD DROPLET FORMATION; ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; INORGANIC MULTICOMPONENT AEROSOLS; PROGNOSTIC PHYSICOCHEMICAL MODEL AB Online coupled mesoscale meteorology atmospheric chemistry models have undergone a rapid evolution in recent years. Although mainly developed by the air quality modelling community, these models are also of interest for numerical weather prediction and regional climate modelling as they can consider not only the effects of meteorology on air quality, but also the potentially important effects of atmospheric composition on weather. Two ways of online coupling can be distinguished: online integrated and online access coupling. Online integrated models simulate meteorology and chemistry over the same grid in one model using one main time step for integration. Online access models use independent meteorology and chemistry modules that might even have different grids, but exchange meteorology and chemistry data on a regular and frequent basis. This article offers a comprehensive review of the current research status of online coupled meteorology and atmospheric chemistry modelling within Europe. Eighteen regional online coupled models developed or being used in Europe are described and compared. Topics discussed include a survey of processes relevant to the interactions between atmospheric physics, dynamics and composition; a brief overview of existing online mesoscale models and European model developments; an analysis on how feedback processes are treated in these models; numerical issues associated with coupled models; and several case studies and model performance evaluation methods. Finally, this article highlights selected scientific issues and emerging challenges that require proper consideration to improve the reliability and usability of these models for the three scientific communities: air quality, numerical meteorology modelling (including weather prediction) and climate modelling. This review will be of particular interest to model developers and users in all three fields as it presents a synthesis of scientific progress and provides recommendations for future research directions and priorities in the development, application and evaluation of online coupled models. C1 [Baklanov, A.; Korsholm, U.; Mahura, A.] Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Schluenzen, K.] Univ Hamburg, Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Suppan, P.; Forkel, R.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Baldasano, J.; Jorba, O.] Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Barcelona, Spain. [Brunner, D.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Empa, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Aksoyoglu, S.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Carmichael, G.] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Douros, J.; Moussiopoulos, N.; Tsegas, G.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Flemming, J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Galmarini, S.; Solazzo, E.; Vignati, E.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Gauss, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Bergen, Norway. [Grell, G.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Hirtl, M.] Cent Inst Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria. [Joffre, S.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Kaas, E.; Sorensen, B.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Kaasik, M.] Univ Tartu, EE-50090 Tartu, Estonia. [Kallos, G.; Kushta, J.; Solomos, S.] Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. [Kong, X.; Sokhi, R. S.] Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Atmospher & Instrumentat Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. [Kurganskiy, A.] Russian State Hydrometeorol Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. [Lohmann, U.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Manders-Groot, A.] TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Maurizi, A.] Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Rao, S. T.] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Savage, N.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Seigneur, C.] Univ Paris Est, Joint Lab Ecole Ponts ParisTech EDF R&D, CEREA, Marne La Vallee, France. [Vogel, B.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Zhang, Y.] N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Baklanov, A (reprint author), Danish Meteorol Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. EM alb@dmi.dk; heinke.schluenzen@uni-hamburg.de RI Vogel, Bernhard/A-9558-2013; Brunner, Dominik/A-1255-2009; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Kaas, Eigil/M-2590-2014; Suppan, Peter/A-7178-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Kaasik, Marko/G-6203-2016; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Solomos, Stavros/C-4889-2014; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013; maurizi, alberto/D-5031-2017; Aksoyoglu, Sebnem/C-7730-2009; OI Brunner, Dominik/0000-0002-4007-6902; Kaas, Eigil/0000-0001-6970-2404; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Kaasik, Marko/0000-0002-2082-4272; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Solomos, Stavros/0000-0001-9125-3334; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X; maurizi, alberto/0000-0003-4563-9636; Aksoyoglu, Sebnem/0000-0002-5356-5633; Savage, Nicholas/0000-0001-9391-5100; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244; solazzo, efisio/0000-0002-6333-1101 FU COST Action [ES1004]; EC FP7 TRANSPHORM; PEGASOS; Nordic EnsCLIM; RF SOL at RSHU [1.G34.31.0078, 14.B37.21.0880]; US NSF EaSM program at NCSU [AGS-1049200]; German Science Foundation [SCHL-499-4]; Spanish projects "Supercomputacion y eCiencia" [CSD2007-0050, CGL2010-19652]; Estonian grant [ETAG 7895, SF0180038s08]; NASA's Air Quality Science Team (AQAST) programme FX This work was realised within and supported by the COST Action ES1004 EuMetChem. Several authors of this article are grateful for the support received from the following projects: EC FP7 TRANSPHORM and PEGASOS, Nordic EnsCLIM, the RF SOL No 11.G34.31.0078 and No 14.B37.21.0880 at RSHU, the US NSF EaSM program (AGS-1049200) at NCSU, the German Science Foundation grant No SCHL-499-4, the Spanish projects "Supercomputacion y eCiencia" (CSD2007-0050) and CGL2010-19652, Estonian grants ETAG 7895 and SF0180038s08, and the NASA's Air Quality Science Team (AQAST) programme. NR 599 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 9 U2 86 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 317 EP 398 DI 10.5194/acp-14-317-2014 PG 82 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600022 ER PT J AU de Boer, G Shupe, MD Caldwell, PM Bauer, SE Persson, O Boyle, JS Kelley, M Klein, SA Tjernstrom, M AF de Boer, G. Shupe, M. D. Caldwell, P. M. Bauer, S. E. Persson, O. Boyle, J. S. Kelley, M. Klein, S. A. Tjernstrom, M. TI Near-surface meteorology during the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS): evaluation of reanalyses and global climate models SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; GISS MODELE; AMPLIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; RADIATION; PROJECT; CONFIGURATION; AEROSOLS; FEEDBACK AB Atmospheric measurements from the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) are used to evaluate the performance of three atmospheric reanalyses (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF)-Interim reanalysis, National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)-National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis, and NCEP-DOE (Department of Energy) reanalysis) and two global climate models (CAM5 (Community Atmosphere Model 5) and NASA GISS (Goddard Institute for Space Studies) ModelE2) in simulation of the high Arctic environment. Quantities analyzed include near surface meteorological variables such as temperature, pressure, humidity and winds, surface-based estimates of cloud and precipitation properties, the surface energy budget, and lower atmospheric temperature structure. In general, the models perform well in simulating large-scale dynamical quantities such as pressure and winds. Near-surface temperature and lower atmospheric stability, along with surface energy budget terms, are not as well represented due largely to errors in simulation of cloud occurrence, phase and altitude. Additionally, a development version of CAMS, which features improved handling of cloud macro physics, has demonstrated to improve simulation of cloud properties and liquid water amount. The ASCOS period additionally provides an excellent example of the benefits gained by evaluating individual budget terms, rather than simply evaluating the net end product, with large compensating errors between individual surface energy budget terms that result in the best net energy budget. C1 [de Boer, G.; Shupe, M. D.; Persson, O.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Boer, G.; Shupe, M. D.; Persson, O.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Caldwell, P. M.; Boyle, J. S.; Klein, S. A.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Bauer, S. E.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bauer, S. E.; Kelley, M.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tjernstrom, M.] Univ Stockholm, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP de Boer, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gijs.deboer@colorado.edu RI Caldwell, Peter/K-1899-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; DAMOCLES European Union 6th Framework Program; Swedish National Research Council (VR); US National Science Foundation (NSF); National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA); UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); National Science Foundation; Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce [NA17RJ1229]; Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation [ARC-1023366, ARC1203902]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0008794]; United States Department of Energy's Office of Science; United States Department of Energy by L. Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344] FX The authors wish to thank ECMWF for making YOTC analysis data available for research purposes. ASCOS was made possible by funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the DAMOCLES European Union 6th Framework Program, the Swedish National Research Council (VR), the US National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC). CAM5 and the CESM project are supported by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Science (BER) of the US Department of Energy. NCEP Reanalysis data are provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. This work was prepared in part at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) with support in part from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce, under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1229 and other grants. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the Department of Commerce. This research was supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Additionally, this work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers ARC-1023366 and ARC1203902 as well as the US Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0008794. Resources supporting this work were additionally provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. The efforts of PMC, JSB, and SAK were supported by the Earth System Modeling program of the United States Department of Energy's Office of Science and were performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by L. Livermore National Laboratory under contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 427 EP 445 DI 10.5194/acp-14-427-2014 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292VL UT WOS:000329930600024 ER PT J AU Boynard, A Borbon, A Leonardis, T Barletta, B Meinardi, S Blake, DR Locoge, N AF Boynard, Anne Borbon, Agnes Leonardis, Thierry Barletta, Barbara Meinardi, Simone Blake, Don R. Locoge, Nadine TI Spatial and seasonal variability of measured anthropogenic non-methane hydrocarbons in urban atmospheres: Implication on emission ratios SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE VOC; Composition; Sources; Vehicle exhaust; Megacity ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; RECEPTOR-ORIENTED METHODS; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; PART II; INVENTORY; AEROSOLS; GASOLINE AB Continuous measurements of a wide range of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) have been performed since 2001 in Paris megacity and three French medium-sized cities (Grenoble, Marseille, and Strasbourg). After a careful verification of the data measured, the ambient concentrations are used to analyze the spatial and seasonal variability of the anthropogenic NMHC and determine the present NMHC emission ratios relative to acetylene, a useful metric to evaluate and constraint emission inventories. We show that NMHC urban composition is consistent between all cities with no industrial influence and characteristic of the urban emission mixtures, which are mostly dominated by vehicle exhaust emissions. In winter, the urban NMHC composition generally shows an enhancement in combustion-derived products (alkenes, acetylene), C2-C3 alkanes and benzene, which presumes seasonal changes in emission ratio values. Present emission ratios of NMHC relative to acetylene are determined in Paris and Strasbourg both in summer and winter. They generally compare within a factor of two except for C7-C9 aromatics in Paris. On a seasonal basis, summertime emission ratios are three times higher than wintertime ones while they stay constant for combustion derived product (alkenes) and benzene. The unburned gasoline fraction (alkanes and C7-C9 aromatics) shows the maximum difference up to a factor of seven. These findings suggest that the emission ratios reflect seasonal changes in emissions and can be a useful metric to constraint temporally resolved emission inventories at different time of the year. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boynard, Anne] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Borbon, Agnes] Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, UMR 7583, Creteil, France. [Borbon, Agnes] Univ Paris Diderot, IPSL, Creteil, France. [Borbon, Agnes] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Borbon, Agnes] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Leonardis, Thierry; Locoge, Nadine] Univ Lille Nord France, F-59500 Lille, France. [Leonardis, Thierry; Locoge, Nadine] Mines Douai, Dept Chem & Environm, F-59508 Douai, France. [Leonardis, Thierry; Locoge, Nadine] Mines Douai, Cent Lab Air Qual Survey LCSQA, F-59508 Douai, France. [Barletta, Barbara; Meinardi, Simone; Blake, Don R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Borbon, A (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, IPSL, UMR 7583,Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France. EM Agnes.Borbon@lisa.u-pec.fr RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU French Ministry in charge of the environment; CIRES visitor fellowship; National Science Foundation FX The Department of Chemistry and Environment of Mines Douai participates in the Central Laboratory of Air Quality Survey (LCSQA), which is funded by the French Ministry in charge of the environment. The authors would like to gratefully thank the French networks AIRPARIF, ATMO-PACA, ATMO-RH and ASPA for providing NMHC and meteorological data from monitoring stations. The authors are grateful to Joost de Gouw (NOAA/CIRES, Boulder, CO, USA) for the helpful discussions at the beginning of the work. Part of the work was achieved during Agnes Borbon secondment at NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA. Agnes Borbon beneficiated of a CIRES visitor fellowship from November 2010 to October 2011. We also would like to thank Alma Hodzic and Geoffrey Tyndall (NCAR/ACD) for their very useful comments on the manuscript. NCAR is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 49 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 50 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 82 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.09.039 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292EY UT WOS:000329886200027 ER PT J AU De la Varga, I Spragg, RP Di Bella, C Castro, J Bentz, DP Weiss, J AF De la Varga, Igor Spragg, Robert P. Di Bella, Carmelo Castro, Javier Bentz, Dale P. Weiss, Jason TI Fluid transport in high volume fly ash mixtures with and without internal curing SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE Transport properties; High volume fly ash; Internal curing; Chloride; Water absorption ID LIGHTWEIGHT AGGREGATE; CONCRETE; MORTARS; RESISTIVITY; ZONE AB The transport of fluid and ions in concrete mixtures is central to many aspects of concrete deterioration. As a result, transport properties are frequently measured as an indication of the durability that a concrete mixture may be expected to have. This paper is the second in a series investigating the performance of high volume fly ash (HVFA) mixtures with low water-to-cementitious ratios (w/cm) that are internally cured. While the first paper focused on strength and shrinkage, this paper presents the evaluation of the transport properties of these mixtures. Specifically, the paper presents results from: rapid chloride migration (RCM), rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT), apparent chloride diffusion coefficient, surface electrical resistivity, and water absorption. The test matrix consisted of mortar samples with two levels of class C fly ash replacement (40% and 60% by volume) with and without internal curing provided with pre-wetted lightweight fine aggregates (LWA). These mixtures are compared to plain ordinary portland cement (OPC) mortars. The results indicate that HVFA mixtures with and without internal curing provide benefits in terms of reduced transport coefficients compared to the OPC mixtures. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [De la Varga, Igor] Fed Highway Adm, Turner Fairbank Highway Res Ctr, SES Grp & Associates LCC, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. [Spragg, Robert P.; Weiss, Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Di Bella, Carmelo] EMPA Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Castro, Javier] Univ Desarrollo, Fac Engn, Santiago, Chile. [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP De la Varga, I (reprint author), Fed Highway Adm, Turner Fairbank Highway Res Ctr, SES Grp & Associates LCC, 6300 Georgetown Pike, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. EM igor.delavarga.ctr@dot.gov OI Weiss, William/0000-0003-2859-7980 NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 45 BP 102 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.09.017 PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 282BJ UT WOS:000329144900012 ER PT J AU Cai, JF Rao, XT He, YB Yu, JC Wu, CD Zhou, W Yildirim, T Chen, BL Qian, GD AF Cai, Jianfeng Rao, Xingtang He, Yabing Yu, Jancan Wu, Chuande Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner Chen, Banglin Qian, Guodong TI A highly porous NbO type metal-organic framework constructed from an expanded tetracarboxylate SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; METHANE STORAGE; CO2; SEPARATION; SITES; HYDROGEN; LINKER; CH4; HYDROCARBONS AB A novel NbO type microporous metal-organic framework Cu2L (ZJU-32; H4L = 5'-((3,5-dicarboxyphenyl)ethynyl)-[1,1':3',1 ''-terphenyl]-4,4 ''-dicarboxylic acid) constructed from an elaborately designed tetratopic ligand was solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. The activated ZJU-32a exhibits high permanent porosity with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 3831 m(2) g(-1) and the pore volume of 1.482 cm(3) g(-1), enabling it to be a promising material for both methane storage and carbon dioxide capture at room temperature. C1 [Cai, Jianfeng; Rao, Xingtang; Yu, Jancan; Chen, Banglin; Qian, Guodong] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [He, Yabing] Zhejiang Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Life Sci, Jinhua 321004, Peoples R China. [Wu, Chuande] Zhejiang Univ, Dept Chem, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Zhou, Wei; Yildirim, Taner] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Chen, BL (reprint author), Zhejiang Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cyrus Tang Ctr Sensor Mat & Applicat, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. EM banglin.chen@utsa.edu; gdqian@zju.edu.cn RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Wu, Chuan-De/B-7546-2013; He, Yabing/H-3314-2012; Yu, Jiancan/F-6408-2015 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Yu, Jiancan/0000-0001-9723-6113 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51010002, 51272231, 51229201]; Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; DOE BES Grant [DE-FG02-08 ER 46522] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 51010002, 51272231 and 51229201) and Grant AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (B.C.). T. Y. acknowledges support from the DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08 ER 46522. NR 46 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 80 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2014 VL 50 IS 13 BP 1552 EP 1554 DI 10.1039/c3cc48747d PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 293RP UT WOS:000329991700012 PM 24382488 ER PT J AU Smith, MD Asche, F Bennear, LS Havice, E Read, AJ Squires, D AF Smith, Martin D. Asche, Frank Bennear, Lori S. Havice, Elizabeth Read, Andrew J. Squires, Dale TI Will a catch share for whales improve social welfare? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE catch shares; free riding; impure public goods; International Whaling Commission; marine conservation; market-based regulation; whale meat; whaling ID PROPERTY-RIGHTS; FISHERIES; POLICY; ECONOMICS; MARKETS AB We critique a proposal to use catch shares to manage transboundary wildlife resources with potentially high non-extractive values, and we focus on the case of whales. Because whales are impure public goods, a policy that fails to capture all nonmarket benefits (due to free riding) could lead to a suboptimal outcome. Even if free riding were overcome, whale shares would face four implementation challenges. First, a whale share could legitimize the international trade in whale meat and expand the whale meat market. Second, a legal whale trade creates monitoring and enforcement challenges similar to those of organizations that manage highly migratory species such as tuna. Third, a whale share could create a new political economy of management that changes incentives and increases costs for nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to achieve the current level of conservation. Fourth, a whale share program creates new logistical challenges for quota definition and allocation regardless of whether the market for whale products expands or contracts. Each of these issues, if left unaddressed, could result in lower overall welfare for society than under the status quo. C1 [Smith, Martin D.; Bennear, Lori S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Smith, Martin D.; Bennear, Lori S.] Duke Univ, Dept Econ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Asche, Frank] Univ Stavanger, Dept Ind Econ, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway. [Bennear, Lori S.] Duke Univ, Sanford Sch Publ Policy, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Havice, Elizabeth] Univ N Carolina, Dept Geog, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Squires, Dale] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Smith, MD (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM marsmith@duke.edu RI Smith, Martin/D-9168-2016 OI Smith, Martin/0000-0002-4714-463X NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 24 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1890/13-0085.1 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291OB UT WOS:000329836900003 PM 24640530 ER PT J AU Baker, MR Schindler, DE Essington, TE Hilborn, R AF Baker, Matthew R. Schindler, Daniel E. Essington, Timothy E. Hilborn, Ray TI Accounting for escape mortality in fisheries: implications for stock productivity and optimal management SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fisheries management; gillnets; non-retention; Oncorhynchus spp; Pacific salmon; population dynamics; stock assessment; stock-recruitment modeling ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SURVIVAL RATES; BRISTOL BAY; MODEL; FISH; RECONSTRUCTION AB Few studies have considered the management implications of mortality to target fish stocks caused by non-retention in commercial harvest gear (escape mortality). We demonstrate the magnitude of this previously unquantified source of mortality and its implications for the population dynamics of exploited stocks, biological metrics, stock productivity, and optimal management. Non-retention in commercial gillnet fisheries for Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) is common and often leads to delayed mortality in spawning populations. This represents losses, not only to fishery harvest, but also in future recruitment to exploited stocks. We estimated incidence of non-retention in Alaskan gillnet fisheries for sockeye salmon (O. nerka) and found disentanglement injuries to be extensive and highly variable between years. Injuries related to non-retention were noted in all spawning populations, and incidence of injury ranged from 6% to 44% of escaped salmon across nine river systems over five years. We also demonstrate that non-retention rates strongly correlate with fishing effort. We applied maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches to stock-recruitment analyses, discounting estimates of spawning salmon to account for fishery-related mortality in escaped fish. Discounting spawning stock estimates as a function of annual fishing effort improved model fits to historical stock-recruitment data in most modeled systems. This suggests the productivity of exploited stocks has been systematically underestimated. It also suggests that indices of fishing effort may be used to predict escape mortality and correct for losses. Our results illustrate how explicitly accounting for collateral effects of fishery extraction may improve estimates of productivity and better inform management metrics derived from estimates of stock-recruitment analyses. C1 [Baker, Matthew R.; Schindler, Daniel E.; Essington, Timothy E.; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Baker, MR (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sandpoint Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Matthew.Baker@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences; Environmental Protection Agency; Anchor Environmental FX We thank L Rogers, L. Flynn, B. Chasco, K. Holsman, and R. Burgner for consultation and advice, and the University of Washington Alaska Salmon Program for assistance in data collection and field sampling, especially J. Armstrong, K. Bently, C. Boatright J. Carter, K. Doctor, A. Hilborn, G. Holtgrieve, N. Kendall, P. Lisi, and C. Ruff. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game, particularly T. Baker, L. Fair, M. Jones, S. Morstad, P. Salomone, T. Sands, and F. West provided extensive consultation, access to data, and critical assistance in coordinating in-river sampling for non-retention in escaped stocks. Funding for research was provided through the National Science Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and fellowships via the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, the Environmental Protection Agency, and Anchor Environmental (to M. Baker). NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 21 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.1890/12-1871.1 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291OB UT WOS:000329836900007 PM 24640534 ER PT J AU Soykan, CU Eguchi, T Kohin, S Dewar, H AF Soykan, Candan U. Eguchi, Tomoharu Kohin, Suzanne Dewar, Heidi TI Prediction of fishing effort distributions using boosted regression trees SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE albacore; bycatch mitigation; dynamic oceanographic conditions; fisheries management; marine spatial planning; species distribution modeling; swordfish ID ALBACORE THUNNUS-ALALUNGA; FISHERIES BYCATCH; MARINE MEGAFAUNA; CATCH RATES; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; SWORDFISH; MIGRATION; OCEAN AB Concerns about bycatch of protected species have become a dominant factor shaping fisheries management. However, efforts to mitigate bycatch are often hindered by a lack of data on the distributions of fishing effort and protected species. One approach to overcoming this problem has been to overlay the distribution of past fishing effort with known locations of protected species, often obtained through satellite telemetry and occurrence data, to identify potential bycatch hotspots. This approach, however, generates static bycatch risk maps, calling into question their ability to forecast into the future, particularly when dealing with spatiotemporally dynamic fisheries and highly migratory bycatch species. In this study, we use boosted regression trees to model the spatiotemporal distribution of fishing effort for two distinct fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean, the albacore (Thunnus alalunga) troll fishery and the California drift gillnet fishery that targets swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Our results suggest that it is possible to accurately predict fishing effort using <10 readily available predictor variables (cross-validated correlations between model predictions and observed data approximate to 0.6). Although the two fisheries are quite different in their gears and fishing areas, their respective models had high predictive ability, even when input data sets were restricted to a fraction of the full time series. The implications for conservation and management are encouraging: Across a range of target species, fishing methods, and spatial scales, even a relatively short time series of fisheries data may suffice to accurately predict the location of fishing effort into the future. In combination with species distribution modeling of bycatch species, this approach holds promise as a mitigation tool when observer data are limited. Even in data-rich regions, modeling fishing effort and bycatch may provide more accurate estimates of bycatch risk than partial observer coverage for fisheries and bycatch species that are heavily influenced by dynamic oceanographic conditions. C1 [Soykan, Candan U.; Eguchi, Tomoharu] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Soykan, Candan U.; Kohin, Suzanne; Dewar, Heidi] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Soykan, CU (reprint author), Natl Audubon Soc, 220 Montgomery St,Suite 1000, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. EM csoykan@audubon.org FU Lenfest Ocean Program through an NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program FX We thank Rich Cosgrove for help with GIS analysis of the data, the Southwest Fisheries Science Center data managers for converting fisheries logbooks into an electronic format, the Pacific Fisheries Environmental Lab for maintaining the satellite data and providing the xtracto code, and the Lenfest Ocean Program for funding CUS through an NRC Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 26 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 71 EP 83 DI 10.1890/12-0826.1 PG 13 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291OB UT WOS:000329836900008 PM 24640535 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Cope, JM Patrick, WS AF Thorson, James T. Cope, Jason M. Patrick, Wesley S. TI Assessing the quality of life history information in publicly available databases SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian; error-in-variables; global database; life history parameter ID REFERENCE POINTS; EXTINCTION RISK; CLIMATE-CHANGE; FISH STOCKS; FISHERIES; PATTERNS; PARAMETERS; MORTALITY; MATURITY; LINKING AB Single-species life history parameters are central to ecological research and management, including the fields of macro-ecology, fisheries science, and ecosystem modeling. However, there has been little independent evaluation of the precision and accuracy of the life history values in global and publicly available databases. We therefore develop a novel method based on a Bayesian errors-in-variables model that compares database entries with estimates from local experts, and we illustrate this process by assessing the accuracy and precision of entries in FishBase, one of the largest and oldest life history databases. This model distinguishes biases among seven life history parameters, two types of information available in FishBase (i.e., published values and those estimated from other parameters), and two taxa (i.e., bony and cartilaginous fishes) relative to values from regional experts in the United States, while accounting for additional variance caused by sex- and region-specific life history traits. For published values in FishBase, the model identifies a small positive bias in natural mortality and negative bias in maximum age, perhaps caused by unacknowledged mortality caused by fishing. For life history values calculated by FishBase, the model identified large and inconsistent biases. The model also demonstrates greatest precision for body size parameters, decreased precision for values derived from geographically distant populations, and greatest between-sex differences in age at maturity. We recommend that our bias and precision estimates be used in future errors-in-variables models as a prior on measurement errors. This approach is broadly applicable to global databases of life history traits and, if used, will encourage further development and improvements in these databases. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Cope, Jason M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Patrick, Wesley S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1890/12-1855.1 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 291OB UT WOS:000329836900019 PM 24640546 ER PT J AU Johnsson, E Yang, JC AF Johnsson, Erik Yang, Jiann C. TI Experimental study on tire fire penetration into a motorcoach passenger compartment SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE transportation fires; fire growth; flame spread; vehicle fires; bus fires; tire fires; fire penetration AB Two full-scale fire experiments were conducted to determine the mode of penetration of a tire fire into the passenger compartment of a motorcoach. A special burner was designed to imitate the frictional heating of hub and wheel metal caused by failed axle bearings, locked brakes, or dragged blown tires. For the first experiment, heating to obtain tire ignition was initiated on the exterior of the passenger side tag axle wheel and for the second, on the exterior of the passenger side drive axle wheel. Measurements of interior and exterior temperatures, interior heat flux, and heat release rate were performed. Standard and infrared videos and still photographs were recorded. Both experiments showed that the tire fires ignited the plastic fender and glass-reinforced plastic exterior side panel (below the windows) upon which the fires spread quickly and penetrated the passenger compartment by breaking the windows. Measurements showed that other potential fire penetration routes (flooring and lavatory) lagged far behind the windows in heating and degradation. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Johnsson, Erik; Yang, Jiann C.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnsson, E (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.johnsson@nist.gov FU National Highway Traffic Safety Administration FX This work was sponsored by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Thanks to Marco Fernandez of NIST and the National Fire Research Laboratory staff for all the hard work preparing for and running this challenging experimental project, to Ed Hnetkovsky for the help with the burner, and to the NIST Fire Protection Group and the Fire Fighting Technology Group for providing backup suppression. Also, the NIST Plant Division is appreciated for providing crews to move our motorcoach. NIST thanks Randy Smith and Alex Cook of Greyhound for their helpful technical advice. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 63 EP 76 DI 10.1002/fam.2163 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 291UK UT WOS:000329855700005 ER PT J AU Fossette, S Heide-Jorgensen, MP Jensen, MV Kiszka, J Bernbe, M Bertrand, N Vely, M AF Fossette, Sabrina Heide-Jorgensen, Mads-Peter Jensen, Mikkel Villum Kiszka, Jeremy Bernbe, Martine Bertrand, Nils Vely, Michel TI Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) post breeding dispersal and southward migration in the western Indian Ocean SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Marine mammals; Migration; Satellite telemetry; Connectivity; Antarctica; International Whaling Commission ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; ELEPHANT SEALS; CROZET ISLANDS; BALEEN WHALES; MOVEMENTS; ATLANTIC; DISTANCE AB Investigating movement patterns of marine migratory species is critical to understand habitat use and population structure, and help inform conservation and management planning. Little is known about humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) dispersal and migration in the western Indian Ocean. In October 2011 and 2012, eleven satellite transmitters were deployed on wintering humpback whales from the south-western Indian Ocean breeding stock at the Comoros islands (Moheli, n = 6 and Mayotte, n = 5). Eight individuals were successfully tracked for 243 +/- 12.4 days (range = 8749 days) and travelled between 146 km and 5804 km in total. Whales either remained at their wintering site for several weeks (n = 3) or dispersed along the west coast (n = 4) or east (n = 1) coast of Madagascar where two main stop-over sites were identified. In addition, two individuals travelled along straight paths to distant, potential, foraging areas. One whale reached the French sub-Antarctic islands while the other travelled to one of the supposed Antarctic foraging areas for humpback whales of this breeding stock. This is the first time movements of humpback whales from this area are being described and their potential foraging areas in the Southern Ocean identified. Identification of these dispersal patterns is important for delineation of breeding regions and for allocating abundance estimates to stocks. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fossette, Sabrina] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Heide-Jorgensen, Mads-Peter] Greenland Inst Nat Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland. [Kiszka, Jeremy] Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, North Miami, FL 33181 USA. [Bernbe, Martine] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, NL-9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands. [Bertrand, Nils] Sea Blue Safari, F-97600 Mamoudzou, Mayotte, France. [Vely, Michel] Megaptera, F-75011 Paris, France. RP Fossette, S (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM Sabrina.fossette@googlemail.com FU Megaptera; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources; Axa Research Fund; Exagone; Sea Blue Safari; Mikkels Vaerksted; Fondation Nature et Decouverte; National Geographic Society Waitt Grant Program FX The authors thank the Secretary-General of the Union of the Comoros Mr. Said Mohamed Ali Said and Direction de l'Environnement, de l'Amenagement et du Logement de Mayotte for issuing the scientific permits for this research. We are also very grateful to the ecovolunteers and eco-tourists for their most valuable help in the field. Financial and logistical support was provided by Megaptera, its members and friends, the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Axa Research Fund, Exagone, Sea Blue Safari, Mikkels Vaerksted, Fondation Nature et Decouverte and the National Geographic Society Waitt Grant Program. The authors also thank Peter J Ersts for his comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors also wish to acknowledge the use of the Maptool programme for analysis and graphics in this paper. Maptool is a product of SEATURTLE.ORG (information is available at www.seaturtle.org). This work was conducted under the permits no. 11-101/VP/MPEEIA:SG and no. 12100/VP/MPEEIA:SG issued by the Secretary-General of the Union of the Comoros in September 2011 and June 2012, the permits no. 105/DEAL//SEPR/2012 and no. 148/DEAL/SEPR/2012 issued by Direction de l'Environnement, de l'Amenagement et du Logement de Mayotte in July and August 2012 and the permit no. FR1397600001-E issued by DEAL Mayotte in October 2013. SF, MPHJ and MV conceived the project and designed the study with contributions from MVJ and NB. SF, MVJ, MV and NB performed the fieldwork; SF led the data analysis and wrote the manuscript with contributions from all authors. [SS] NR 64 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 7 U2 65 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 450 SI SI BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.10.014 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 294XR UT WOS:000330081700002 ER PT J AU Davenport, J Jones, TT Work, TM Balazs, GH AF Davenport, John Jones, T. Todd Work, Thierry M. Balazs, George H. TI Unique characteristics of the trachea of the juvenile leatherback turtle facilitate feeding, diving and endothermy SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cross-sectional shape; Juveniles; Leatherback turtle; Luminal vascular plexus; Ontogenic changes; Tracheal structure ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; LONGLINE FISHERY; DEEP DIVES; COLD-WATER; JELLYFISH; GIGANTOTHERMY; COMPRESSION; PATTERNS; COLLAPSE AB The adult leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea overlaps in body size (300-500 kg) with many marine mammals, yet develops from a 50 g hatchling. Adults can dive deeper than 1200 m and have core body temperatures of 25 degrees C; hatchlings are near-surface dwellers. Juvenile leatherbacks have rarely been studied; here we present anatomical information for the upper respiratory tract of 3 turtles (66.7-83.0 cm straight carapace length; 33.2-53.4 kg body mass) incidentally captured by long-line fisheries. Combined with existing information from adults and hatchlings, our data show that there is an ontogenic shift in tracheal structure, with cartilaginous rings becoming broader and eventually fusing anteriorly. This ontogenic shift during independent existence is unique among extant deep-diving air breathing vertebrates. Tract wall thickness is graded, becoming progressively thinner from larynx to bronchi. In addition, cross-sectional shape becomes increasingly dorsoventrally flattened (more elliptical) from anterior to posterior. These characteristics ensure that the tract will collapse from posterior to anterior during dives. This study contains the first report of a double (=internally bifurcated) posterior section of the trachea; it is suggested that this allows continuous food movement along the esophagus without tracheal collapse. The whole upper respiratory tract (from larynx to lungs) has a vascular lining (thicker anteriorly than posteriorly) that appears to be a simple analog of the complex turbinates of birds and mammals. Our study confirmed that the leatherback tracheal structure represents a distinctive way of dealing with the challenges of diving in deep, cold sea water. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Davenport, John] Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland. [Jones, T. Todd; Balazs, George H.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Work, Thierry M.] US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Honolulu Field Stn, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. RP Davenport, J (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland. EM j.davenport@ucc.ie; todd.jones@noaa.gov; thieriy_work@usgs.gov; gbalazs@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu RI Work, Thierry/F-1550-2015 OI Work, Thierry/0000-0002-4426-9090 NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 450 SI SI BP 40 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.10.013 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 294XR UT WOS:000330081700006 ER PT J AU Mercaldo-Allen, R Kuropat, CA Perry, DM Redman, DH AF Mercaldo-Allen, Renee Kuropat, Catherine A. Perry, Dean M. Redman, Dylan H. TI Relation between Nucleic Acid Indices and Growth Rate in Fed and Fasting Juvenile Scup SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID RNA-DNA RATIO; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FOOD-DEPRIVATION; RAINBOW-TROUT; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; BIOCHEMICAL INDEXES; PROTEIN-SYNTHESIS; ENZYME-ACTIVITIES AB The relationship between nucleic acid indices and daily instantaneous growth rate was determined for juvenile Scup Stenotomus chrysops in the laboratory. Weight-based growth of Scup was measured for three 1-week intervals during a 6-week feeding experiment and showed a significant positive correlation with both RNA concentration (RNA; g/mg tissue wet weight) and DNA concentration (DNA; g/mg tissue wet weight), while the RNA: DNA ratio was not significantly correlated with the weight- or length-based growth rate. The concentration of DNA showed a significant negative correlation with length-based growth rate. Mean fish weight increased from 1.022 to 10.404g, and mean TL increased from 43.219 to 85.377mm. Changes in nucleic acid indices were measured in fish that were deprived of food over a 9-d period. The RNA and RNA: DNA ratio values declined significantly within 5 d after fasting began, while DNA remained relatively stable. This study provides baseline nucleic acid values for fed and starved juvenile Scup over a range of fish sizes. Received March 25, 2013; accepted July 22, 2013 C1 [Mercaldo-Allen, Renee; Kuropat, Catherine A.; Perry, Dean M.; Redman, Dylan H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Mercaldo-Allen, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM renee.mercaldo-allen@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 76 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1080/15222055.2013.829145 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 294CS UT WOS:000330020600001 ER PT J AU Kuruppu, MD Obara, Y Ayatollahi, MR Chong, KP Funatsu, T AF Kuruppu, M. D. Obara, Y. Ayatollahi, M. R. Chong, K. P. Funatsu, T. TI ISRM-Suggested Method for Determining the Mode I Static Fracture Toughness Using Semi-Circular Bend Specimen SO ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Rock fracture mechanics; Mode I fracture toughness; Semi-circular bend specimen; Fracture testing; Sedimentary rock; In situ environment ID ROCK; PARAMETERS; LIMESTONE; GEOMETRY AB The International Society for Rock Mechanics has so far developed two standard methods for the determination of static fracture toughness of rock. They used three different core-based specimens and tests were to be performed on a typical laboratory compression or tension load frame. Another method to determine the mode I fracture toughness of rock using semi-circular bend specimen is herein presented. The specimen is semi-circular in shape and made from typical cores taken from the rock with any relative material directions noted. The specimens are tested in three-point bending using a laboratory compression test instrument. The failure load along with its dimensions is used to determine the fracture toughness. Most sedimentary rocks which are layered in structure may exhibit fracture properties that depend on the orientation and therefore measurements in more than one material direction may be necessary. The fracture toughness measurements are expected to yield a size-independent material property if certain minimum specimen size requirements are satisfied. C1 [Kuruppu, M. D.] Curtin Univ, Kalgoorlie, WA 6433, Australia. [Obara, Y.] Kumamoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. [Ayatollahi, M. R.] Iran Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Mech Engn, Tehran 16846, Iran. [Chong, K. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chong, K. P.] George Washington Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Funatsu, T.] AIST, Inst Georesources & Environm, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. RP Kuruppu, MD (reprint author), Curtin Univ, Locked Bag 30, Kalgoorlie, WA 6433, Australia. EM M.Kuruppu@curtin.edu.au NR 29 TC 29 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 22 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0723-2632 EI 1434-453X J9 ROCK MECH ROCK ENG JI Rock Mech. Rock Eng. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 47 IS 1 SI SI BP 267 EP 274 DI 10.1007/s00603-013-0422-7 PG 8 WC Engineering, Geological; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Geology GA 293TV UT WOS:000329997500019 ER PT J AU Ratcliff, W AF Ratcliff, William, II TI Reflections on the magnetic pair distribution function SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION A LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ratcliff, W (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0108-7673 EI 1600-5724 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR A JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A PD JAN PY 2014 VL 70 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1107/S2053273313033925 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 279CX UT WOS:000328938500001 PM 24419165 ER PT J AU Rey, AM Gorshkov, AV Kraus, CV Martin, MJ Bishof, M Swallows, MD Zhang, X Benko, C Ye, J Lemke, ND Ludlow, AD AF Rey, A. M. Gorshkov, A. V. Kraus, C. V. Martin, M. J. Bishof, M. Swallows, M. D. Zhang, X. Benko, C. Ye, J. Lemke, N. D. Ludlow, A. D. TI Probing many-body interactions in an optical lattice clock SO ANNALS OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Atomic clocks; Optical lattice; Collisions ID QUANTUM; METROLOGY; ATOMS; DYNAMICS; SPINS; FIELD AB We present a unifying theoretical framework that describes recently observed many-body effects during the interrogation of an optical lattice clock operated with thousands of fermionic alkaline earth atoms. The framework is based on a many-body master equation that accounts for the interplay between elastic and inelastic p-wave and s-wave interactions, finite temperature effects and excitation inhomogeneity during the quantum dynamics of the interrogated atoms. Solutions of the master equation in different parameter regimes are presented and compared. It is shown that a general solution can be obtained by using the so called Truncated Wigner Approximation which is applied in our case in the context of an open quantum system. We use the developed framework to model the density shift and decay of the fringes observed during Ramsey spectroscopy in the JILA Sr-87 and NIST Yb-171 optical lattice clocks. The developed framework opens a suitable path for dealing with a variety of strongly-correlated and driven open-quantum spin systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rey, A. M.; Martin, M. J.; Bishof, M.; Swallows, M. D.; Zhang, X.; Benko, C.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rey, A. M.; Martin, M. J.; Bishof, M.; Swallows, M. D.; Zhang, X.; Benko, C.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kraus, C. V.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Martin, M. J.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Martin, M. J.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Lemke, N. D.; Ludlow, A. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rey, AM (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arey@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421; Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 FU AFOSR; NIST; NSF [JILA-PFC-1125844, JQI-PFC-1125565, IQIM-PFC, PIF]; ARO; DARPA-OLE; DARPA QuASAR; NDSEG; Lee A. DuBridge foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore foundation FX The authors thank K.R.A. Hazzard, M. Foss-Feig, A. Koller, M. Beverland, J. Bollinger, J. von Stecher, A. Polkovnikov and A.J. Daley for numerous conversations and feedback. This work has been supported by AFOSR, NIST, NSF (JILA-PFC-1125844, JQI-PFC-1125565, IQIM-PFC, and PIF), ARO (individual investigator award), ARO with funding for the DARPA-OLE, DARPA QuASAR, and the NDSEG, Lee A. DuBridge and Gordon and Betty Moore foundations. NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-4916 EI 1096-035X J9 ANN PHYS-NEW YORK JI Ann. Phys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 340 IS 1 BP 311 EP 351 DI 10.1016/j.aop.2013.11.002 PG 41 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 288FO UT WOS:000329597600018 ER PT J AU Bunnell, DB Barbiero, RP Ludsin, SA Madenjian, CP Warren, GJ Dolan, DM Brenden, TO Briland, R Gorman, OT He, JX Johengen, TH Lantry, BF Lesht, BM Nalepa, TF Riley, SC Riseng, CM Treska, TJ Tsehaye, I Walsh, MG Warner, DM Weidel, BC AF Bunnell, David B. Barbiero, Richard P. Ludsin, Stuart A. Madenjian, Charles P. Warren, Glenn J. Dolan, David M. Brenden, Travis O. Briland, Ruth Gorman, Owen T. He, Ji X. Johengen, Thomas H. Lantry, Brian F. Lesht, Barry M. Nalepa, Thomas F. Riley, Stephen C. Riseng, Catherine M. Treska, Ted J. Tsehaye, Iyob Walsh, Maureen G. Warner, David M. Weidel, Brian C. TI Changing Ecosystem Dynamics in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Regulation SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE invasive species; wasp-waist ecosystems; multiple stressors; regime shift; trophic cascade ID CHINOOK SALMON; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC CASCADES; FISH COMMUNITY; MICHIGAN; HURON; ALEWIVES; ONTARIO; TROUT; ERIE AB Understanding the relative importance of top-down and bottom-up regulation of ecosystem structure is a fundamental ecological question, with implications for fisheries and water-quality management. For the Laurentian Great Lakes, where, since the early 1970s, nutrient inputs have been reduced, whereas top-predator biomass has increased, we describe trends across multiple trophic levels and explore their underlying drivers. Our analyses revealed increasing water clarity and declines in phytoplankton, native invertebrates, and prey fish since 1998 in at least three of the five lakes. Evidence for bottom-up regulation was strongest in Lake Huron, although each lake provided support in at least one pair of trophic levels. Evidence for top-down regulation was rare. Although nonindigenous dreissenid mussels probably have large impacts on nutrient cycling and phytoplankton, their effects on higher trophic levels remain uncertain. We highlight gaps for which monitoring and knowledge should improve the understanding of food-web dynamics and facilitate the implementation of ecosystem-based management. C1 [Bunnell, David B.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Gorman, Owen T.; Lantry, Brian F.; Riley, Stephen C.; Walsh, Maureen G.; Warner, David M.; Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Gorman, Owen T.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ashland, WI USA. [Lantry, Brian F.; Walsh, Maureen G.; Weidel, Brian C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Oswego, NY USA. [Barbiero, Richard P.] CSC, Chicago, IL USA. [Warren, Glenn J.] US EPA, Great Lakes Program Off, Chicago, IL USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.; Briland, Ruth] Ohio State Univ, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Dolan, David M.] Univ Wisconsin, Green Bay, WI 54302 USA. [Brenden, Travis O.; Tsehaye, Iyob] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [He, Ji X.] Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena, MI USA. [Johengen, Thomas H.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Lesht, Barry M.] Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Riseng, Catherine M.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Treska, Ted J.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Fish & Wildlife Conservat Off, Green Bay, WI USA. RP Bunnell, DB (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. EM dbunnell@usgs.gov OI Lesht, Barry/0000-0003-0801-4290; Bunnell, David/0000-0003-3521-7747 FU US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative FX We dedicate this work to Dave Dolan for his pioneering work in estimating nutrient inputs to the Great Lakes, which allowed scientists and managers to better understand the links between watersheds and large lakes and to gain a more holistic view of these ecosystems. We thank the many agencies (and individuals) that contributed data or improved our understanding of specific lakes, including the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (Mike Siefkes), the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR; Randy Claramunt, Jim Johnson, Jory Jonas), the Minnesota DNR (Don Schreiner), the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (Don Einhouse, Jana Lantry), the Ohio DNR (John Deller, Eric Weimer), the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (Jim Bowlby, Ted Schaner, Larry Witzel), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (Steve Lozano), and the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center (Don Schloesser). We thank David Bennion for developing figure 1. We thank Jim Kitchell, Jana Lantry, Mike Siefkes, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments to earlier versions. This research was supported by a grant to the US Geological Survey (Template no. 74) from the US Environmental Protection Agency's Great Lakes Restoration Initiative. This article is Contribution 1769 of the US Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. NR 69 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 19 U2 177 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2014 VL 64 IS 1 BP 26 EP 39 DI 10.1093/biosci/bit001 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 288BS UT WOS:000329587600006 ER PT J AU Slifka, AJ Drexler, ES Nanninga, NE Levy, YS McColskey, JD Amaro, RL Stevenson, AE AF Slifka, Andrew J. Drexler, Elizabeth S. Nanninga, Nicholas E. Levy, Yaakov S. McColskey, J. David Amaro, Robert L. Stevenson, April E. TI Fatigue crack growth of two pipeline steels in a pressurized hydrogen environment SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE low alloy steel; hydrogen embrittlement; intergranular corrosion ID ASSISTED CRACKING; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STRENGTH; TIP; EMBRITTLEMENT; TEMPERATURE; PROPAGATION; DIFFUSION AB Fatigue crack growth tests were conducted on two pipeline steel alloys, API 5L X52 and X100. Baseline tests were conducted in air, and those results were compared with tests conducted in pressurized hydrogen gas. All tests were run at (load ratio) R=0.5 and a frequency of 1 Hz, except for one test on X100, run at 0.1 Hz. Tests were conducted at hydrogen pressures of 1.7 MPa, 7 MPa, 21 MPa, and 48 MPa. Fatigue crack growth rates for both X100 and X52 were significantly higher in a pressurized hydrogen environment than in air. This enhanced growth rate appears to correlate to pressure for X100 but may not for X52. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Slifka, Andrew J.; Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Nanninga, Nicholas E.; Levy, Yaakov S.; McColskey, J. David; Amaro, Robert L.; Stevenson, April E.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.slifica@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Transportation [DTPH56-06-X-00029] FX The authors acknowledge the U.S. Department of Transportation for partial funding of this work on DTPH56-06-X-00029. NR 44 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X EI 1879-0496 J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 78 BP 313 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.10.014 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 285UQ UT WOS:000329420900036 ER PT J AU Srinivas, G Krungleviciute, V Guo, ZX Yildirim, T AF Srinivas, Gadipelli Krungleviciute, Vaiva Guo, Zheng-Xiao Yildirim, Taner TI Exceptional CO2 capture in a hierarchically porous carbon with simultaneous high surface area and pore volume SO ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ACTIVATED CARBON; DIOXIDE CAPTURE; NANOPOROUS CARBONS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; SOLID SORBENTS; GAS-STORAGE; ADSORPTION; METHANE; SIZE AB A new type of hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) structures of simultaneously high surface area and high pore volume has been synthesised from carefully controlled carbonization of in-house optimised metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Changes in synthesis conditions lead to millimetre-sized MOF-5 crystals in a high yield. Subsequent carbonization of the MOFs yield HPCs with simultaneously high surface area, up to 2734 m(2) g(-1), and exceptionally high total pore volume, up to 5.53 cm(3) g(-1). In the HPCs, micropores are mostly retained and meso- and macro- pores are generated from defects in the individual crystals, which is made possible by structural inheritance from the MOF precursor. The resulting HPCs show a significant amount of CO2 adsorption, over 27 mmol g(-1) (119 wt%) at 30 bar and 27 degrees C, which is one of the highest values reported in the literature for porous carbons. The findings are comparatively analysed with the literature. The results show great potential for the development of high capacity carbon-based sorbents for effective pre-combustion CO2 capture and other gas and energy storage applications. C1 [Srinivas, Gadipelli; Guo, Zheng-Xiao] UCL, Dept Chem, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Srinivas, G (reprint author), UCL, Dept Chem, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, England. EM gsrinivasphys@gmail.com; z.x.guo@ucl.ac.uk; taner@seas.upenn.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Gadipelli, Srinivas/A-8622-2010; Guo, Zheng Xiao/C-1706-2009 OI Gadipelli, Srinivas/0000-0002-1362-6905; Guo, Zheng Xiao/0000-0001-5404-3215 FU DOE through BES grant [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; EPSRC [EP/G061785/1, EP/G063176/1] FX This work was partially supported by the DOE through BES grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522 (V. K. and T. Y.) and EPSRC grant no. (EP/G061785/1; EP/G063176/1). NR 58 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 21 U2 198 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1754-5692 EI 1754-5706 J9 ENERG ENVIRON SCI JI Energy Environ. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1039/c3ee42918k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287NY UT WOS:000329550700021 ER PT J AU Meador, JP Warne, MS Chapman, PM Chan, KM Yu, S Leung, KMY AF Meador, James P. Warne, Michael St. J. Chapman, Peter M. Chan, King Ming Yu, Shen Leung, Kenneth M. Y. TI Tissue-based environmental quality benchmarks and standards SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tissue benchmarks; Weight of evidence; Environmental risk assessment; Tissue-residue approach; Environmental quality standards AB Although the use of tissue concentrations (residues) of chemical contaminants as the dose metric to characterize chemical toxicity to aquatic organisms has been gaining acceptance over the past 20 years, tissue concentrations are less commonly used in water quality management and have yet to be formally adopted as benchmarks or environmental quality standards (EQS). This synthesis paper addresses advantages and disadvantages for the development and application of tissue-based EQS as an alternative and supplement to exposure-based EQS determined with water and sediment concentration data. Tissue-based EQS can be readily developed in parallel with conventional toxicity tests, and achieved by quantification of chemical concentrations in tissue alongside traditional concentration-response toxicity testing. Tissue-residue toxicity metrics can be used as benchmarks for screening and monitoring water and sediment quality, to derive equivalent water or sediment EQS, and for ecological risk assessments and weight of evidence approaches for assessing ecosystem impairment. Tissue-based toxicity metrics and associated EQS provide several advantages; however, there are some limitations to consider and key knowledge gaps to fill. C1 [Meador, James P.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Warne, Michael St. J.] Dept Sci Informat Technol Innovat & Arts, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Chapman, Peter M.] Golder Associates, Burnaby, BC V5C 6C6, Canada. [Chan, King Ming] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Fac Sci, Sch Life Sci, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yu, Shen] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Urban Environm, Key Lab Urban Environm & Hlth, Xiamen 361021, Peoples R China. [Leung, Kenneth M. Y.] Univ Hong Kong, Swire Inst Marine Sci, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Leung, Kenneth M. Y.] Univ Hong Kong, Sch Biol Sci, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov; michael.warne@qld.gov.au; pmchapman@golder.com; kmyleung@hku.hk RI Yu, Shen/C-2750-2009; CAS, KLUEH-Cooperation/E-1148-2017; CAS, KLUEH/G-8978-2016; OI Yu, Shen/0000-0002-7543-6082; Warne, Michael/0000-0003-1804-7889 FU Environment and Conservation Fund of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (ECF Project) [5/2011]; State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution; School of Biological Sciences of the University of Hong Kong FX This work and the EQSPAE-2011 Conference are principally supported by the Environment and Conservation Fund of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (ECF Project 5/2011 to KMY Leung), and partially supported by the State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, and School of Biological Sciences of the University of Hong Kong. The authors specially thank Mayumi Allinson, Juan Carlos Astudillo, Vivien W. W. Bao, Julia W. Y. Chan, K. K. Chan, Klinsmenn Cheung, Richard Y. C. Kong, Stanley Lau, Priscilla T. Y. Leung, C. M. Leung, Wallace H. W. Ng, C. M. Tsen, Ivan H. T. Tsoi, Zao-Sheng Wang, Juan Yang, and Mana M. N. Yung for participating in the workshop and sharing their valuable views on the scientific derivation and application of tissue-based EQS. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0944-1344 EI 1614-7499 J9 ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R JI Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11356-013-1714-x PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281IV UT WOS:000329095300004 PM 23608985 ER PT B AU Trtanj, JM Houston, TG AF Trtanj, Juli M. Houston, Tamara G. BE Pinkerton, KE Rom, WN TI Climate Variability and Change Data and Information for Global Public Health SO GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE AND PUBLIC HEALTH SE Respiratory Medicine Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Climate variability and health; Climate and Health; Global public health; Health consequences of climate variability; Climate data; Global Ocean Observing System; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration AB Using climate data correctly is a critically important challenge that underpins robust science and decision making about the health effects of climate change. Researchers in this interdisciplinary field must be informed enough to ask the right questions, to find and understand the right data that ultimately provide scientifically sound information to help people make the right decision. This requires active recognition of the need to really understand the caveats and best uses of a particular dataset or product. Some more widely used data and products such as those developed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change may have well-defined tutorials and use parameters. In most cases, however, it is wiser to find the owner or originator of the data, and work with them to ensure appropriate use of the data and therefore robust scientific findings that inform decisions and move this interdisciplinary field forward in both science and policy contexts. C1 [Trtanj, Juli M.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Houston, Tamara G.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Trtanj, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC4-9143, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM juli.trtanj@noaa.gov; Tamara.Houston@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-4614-8417-2; 978-1-4614-8416-5 J9 RESPIR MED SER PY 2014 VL 7 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8417-2_2 D2 10.1007/978-1-4614-8417-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Respiratory System GA BJJ05 UT WOS:000328380700003 ER PT J AU Warde, DA Torres, SM AF Warde, David A. Torres, Sebastian M. TI The Autocorrelation Spectral Density for Doppler-Weather-Radar Signal Analysis SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Autocorrelation estimation; autocorrelation spectral density (ASD); clutter filtering; Doppler weather radar; signal processing; spectral analysis ID WINDOWS; MOMENTS; ECHOES AB Time-domain autocovariance processing is widely accepted as a computationally efficient method to estimate the first three spectral moments of Doppler weather radar signals (i.e., mean signal power, mean Doppler velocity, and spectrum width). However, when signals with different frequency content (e. g., ground clutter) contaminate the weather signal, spectral processing using the periodogram estimator of the power spectral density (PSD) is the preferred tool of analysis. After spectral processing (i.e., filtering), a PSD-based autocorrelation estimator is typically employed to produce unbiased estimates of the weather-signal spectral moments. However, the PSD does not convey explicit phase information, which has the potential to aid in the spectral analysis of radar signals. In this paper, the autocorrelation spectral density (ASD) is introduced for spectral analysis of weather-radar signals as a generalization of the classical PSD, and an ASD-based autocorrelation estimator is proposed to produce unbiased estimates of the weather-signal spectral moments. A significant advantage of the ASD over the PSD is that it provides explicit phase information that can be exploited to identify and remove certain types of contaminant signals. Thus, the ASD provides an alternative means for spectral analysis, which can lead to improved quality of meteorological data from weather radars. C1 [Warde, David A.; Torres, Sebastian M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Warde, David A.; Torres, Sebastian M.] NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Warde, DA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.a.warde@noaa.gov; sebastian.torres@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 1 BP 508 EP 518 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2241775 PN 2 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DE UT WOS:000328939500010 ER PT J AU Chew, CC Small, EE Larson, KM Zavorotny, VU AF Chew, Clara C. Small, Eric E. Larson, Kristine M. Zavorotny, Valery U. TI Effects of Near-Surface Soil Moisture on GPS SNR Data: Development of a Retrieval Algorithm for Soil Moisture SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Global Positioning System (GPS); radar; reflectometry; remote sensing; soil ID MULTIPATH; ASSIMILATION; CARRIER AB Global Positioning System (GPS) multipath signals can be used to infer volumetric soil moisture around a GPS antenna. While most GPS users concentrate on the signal that travels directly from the satellite to the antenna, the signal that is reflected by nearby surfaces contains information about the environment surrounding the antenna. The interference between the direct and reflected signals produces a modulation that can be observed in temporal variations of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data recorded by the GPS receiver. Changes in the dielectric constant of the soil, which are associated with fluctuations in soil moisture, affect the effective reflector height, amplitude, and phase of the multipath modulation. Empirical studies have shown that these changes in SNR data are correlated with near-surface volumetric soil moisture. This study uses an electrodynamic single-scattering forward model to test the empirical relationships observed in field data. All three GPS interferogram metrics (effective reflector height, phase, and amplitude) are affected by soil moisture in the top 5 cm of the soil; surface soil moisture (< 1-cm depth) exerts the strongest control. Soil type exerts a negligible impact on the relationships between GPS interferogram metrics and soil moisture. Phase is linearly correlated with surface soil moisture. The slope of the relationship is similar to that observed in field data. Amplitude and effective reflector height are also affected by soil moisture, although the relationship is nonlinear. Phase is the best metric derived from GPS data to use as a proxy for soil moisture variations. C1 [Chew, Clara C.; Small, Eric E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Larson, Kristine M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zavorotny, Valery U.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chew, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM clara.chew@colorado.edu; eric.tilton@colorado.edu; Kristine.larson@colorado.edu; valery.zavorotny@noaa.gov RI Small, eric/K-6007-2015 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [0935725, 0948957]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH09ZDA001N]; [1144221] FX This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grants Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences (AGS) 0935725, Earth Sciences (EAR) 0948957, by EAR 1144221, and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant NNH09ZDA001N. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 27 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2014 VL 52 IS 1 BP 537 EP 543 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2242332 PN 2 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DE UT WOS:000328939500013 ER PT J AU Kuo, WC Avedisian, CT Choi, KH Tsang, W AF Kuo, Wei-Chih Avedisian, C. Thomas Choi, Kyung Hwa Tsang, Wing TI On using film boiling to thermally decompose liquid organic chemicals: Application to ethyl acetate as a model compound SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Film boiling; Thermal decomposition; Pyrolysis; Ethyl acetate; Critical heat flux (CHF); Leidenfrost point ID CATALYTIC PARTIAL OXIDATION; HORIZONTAL CYLINDER; ACETIC-ACID; GAS-PHASE; GENERAL CORRELATION; SUBCOOLED LIQUID; HEAT-TRANSFER; TEMPERATURE; PYROLYSIS; HYDROGEN AB Film boiling on a horizontal tube is used to study the thermal decomposition of ethyl acetate. The decomposition process is driven by the high surface temperatures that are typical of the film boiling regime that can promote chemical change of superheated vapors in a low temperature liquid. The decomposition products are carried away from the tube by vapor bubbles formed at the top of the tube that then percolate through the system. For the experiments reported here, the bulk liquid is stagnant, the liquid is slightly subcooled, and bubble transport is entirely by buoyancy. The results show that the primary decomposition products are acetic acid and ethylene in proportions consistent with the accepted unimolecular decomposition pathway for ethyl acetate. While ethylene is a non-condensable product gas, acetic acid is miscible in ethyl acetate and small amounts of it were detected in the bulk liquid after four hours of operation. The resulting binary (ethyl acetate/acetic acid) phase equilibrium behavior of the reactant pool contributed to trace amounts of carbon dioxide and methane being found in the product gas from acetic acid decomposition that had preferentially vaporized in the film. The minimum film boiling temperature of ethyl acetate was measured to be approximately 711 K. Up to about 1000 K the product yields showed a comparatively small variation with average tube temperature, while above 1000 K the exhaust gas flow rate was substantial and increased in an approximately linear fashion with tube temperature. Methane and carbon dioxide were also detected in the product stream owing to acetic acid decomposition, though the amounts were comparatively small. The results show the viability for film boiling to promote decomposition in a controlled way to products consistent with those expected from the reactant molecule. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kuo, Wei-Chih; Avedisian, C. Thomas; Choi, Kyung Hwa] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tsang, Wing] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuo, WC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM wk253@cornell.edu FU National Science Foundation [CTS-0933521] FX This work was supported by National Science Foundation under Grant No. CTS-0933521. We thank Dr. Xia Zeng of Cornell University for his assistance with the GC/MS analysis of liquid samples and Mr. Eric Ching of Cornell for his help with the calibration NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 EI 1879-2189 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 68 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.08.054 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 283OL UT WOS:000329256500046 ER PT J AU Berg, RF May, EF Moldover, MR AF Berg, Robert F. May, Eric F. Moldover, Michael R. TI Viscosity Ratio Measurements with Capillary Viscometers SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE VISCOSITIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; BOLTZMANN CONSTANT; 200 ATMOSPHERES; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HIGH-PRESSURES; ARGON KRYPTON; GASES; HYDROGEN; NITROGEN AB Viscosity ratio measurements made with capillary viscometers exploit the accurate values of the viscosity of helium calculated ab initio. Accurate values of the argon-to-helium viscosity ratio are now used for primary acoustic gas thermometry and for the most accurate redeterminations of the Boltzmann constant. Accurate viscosity ratio measurements enable the calibration of laminar flow meters with surrogate gases and their use with process gases. We review ratio viscometers that comprise one, two, and four capillaries. A single capillary is a ratio viscometer when it is used to measure multiple gases sequentially, while two- and four-capillary viscometers are instruments intended for ratio measurements. We consider gases and Newtonian liquids, with a focus on the two-capillary gas viscometer and its extension to pressures up to 100 MPa. A single-capillary viscometer could measure the ratio (viscosity of liquid water)/(viscosity of gaseous helium) thereby reducing the uncertainty of the liquid viscosity scale relative to the international system of units. C1 [Berg, Robert F.; Moldover, Michael R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [May, Eric F.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech & Chem Engn, Ctr Energy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD JAN PY 2014 VL 59 IS 1 BP 116 EP 124 DI 10.1021/je400880n PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 289JG UT WOS:000329677700017 ER PT J AU Palter, JB Griffies, SM Samuels, BL Galbraith, ED Gnanadesikan, A Klocker, A AF Palter, Jaime B. Griffies, Stephen M. Samuels, Bonita L. Galbraith, Eric D. Gnanadesikan, Anand Klocker, Andreas TI The Deep Ocean Buoyancy Budget and Its Temporal Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Abyssal circulation; Buoyancy; Meridional overturning circulation; Ocean circulation; Sea level; Coupled models ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SEA-LEVEL RISE; CIRCULATION MODELS; GLOBAL OCEAN; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; TRACER TRANSPORTS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; HEAT-TRANSPORT; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Despite slow rates of ocean mixing, observational and modeling studies suggest that buoyancy is redistributed to all depths of the ocean on surprisingly short interannual to decadal time scales. The mechanisms responsible for this redistribution remain poorly understood. This work uses an Earth system model to evaluate the global steady-state ocean buoyancy (and related steric sea level) budget, its interannual variability, and its transient response to a doubling of CO2 over 70 years, with a focus on the deep ocean. At steady state, the simple view of vertical advective-diffusive balance for the deep ocean holds at low to midlatitudes. At higher latitudes, the balance depends on a myriad of additional terms, namely mesoscale and submesoscale advection, convection and overflows from marginal seas, and terms related to the nonlinear equation of state. These high-latitude processes rapidly communicate anomalies in surface buoyancy forcing to the deep ocean locally; the deep, high-latitude changes then influence the large-scale advection of buoyancy to create transient deep buoyancy anomalies at lower latitudes. Following a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, the high-latitude buoyancy sinks are suppressed by a slowdown in convection and reduced dense water formation. This change is accompanied by a slowing of both upper and lower cells of the global meridional overturning circulation, reducing the supply of dense water to low latitudes beneath the pycnocline and the commensurate flow of light waters to high latitudes above the pycnocline. By this mechanism, changes in high-latitude buoyancy are communicated to the global deep ocean on relatively fast advective time scales. C1 [Palter, Jaime B.] McGill Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Montreal, PQ H3A OB9, Canada. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Galbraith, Eric D.] McGill Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A OB9, Canada. [Gnanadesikan, Anand] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Klocker, Andreas] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Earth Sci, Canberra, ACT, Australia. RP Palter, JB (reprint author), McGill Univ, 805 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A OB9, Canada. EM jaime.palter@mcgill.ca RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Klocker, Andreas/E-4632-2011; Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Klocker, Andreas/0000-0002-2038-7922; Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232 FU NOAA; Canada's NSERC FX The authors thank Mike Winton, Carolina Dufour, Daniele Bianchi, Jonathan Gregory, Frank Bryan, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions. JBP gratefully acknowledges funding from NOAA's Global Carbon Cycle program and Canada's NSERC Discovery Program. NR 70 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 BP 551 EP 573 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00016.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 290QJ UT WOS:000329773100004 ER PT J AU Smirnov, D Newman, M Alexander, MA AF Smirnov, Dimitry Newman, Matthew Alexander, Michael A. TI Investigating the Role of Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling in the North Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; EXTRATROPICAL SST ANOMALIES; HEAT-FLUX ANOMALIES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; GULF-STREAM; PART I; BASIC INGREDIENTS; GLOBAL OCEANS; WIND STRESS AB Air-sea interaction over the North Pacific is diagnosed using a simple, local coupled autoregressive model constructed from observed 7-day running-mean sea surface temperature (SST) and 2-m air temperature T-A anomalies during the extended winter from the 1 degrees x 1 degrees objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes (OAFlux) dataset. Though the model is constructed from 1-week lag statistics, it successfully reproduces the observed anomaly evolution through lead times of 90 days, allowing an estimation of the relative roles of coupling and internal atmospheric and oceanic forcing upon North Pacific SSTs. It is found that east of the date line, SST variability is maintained by, but has little effect on, T-A variability. However, in the Kuroshio-Oyashio confluence and extension region, about half of the SST variability is independent of T-A, driven instead by SST noise forcing internal to the ocean. Including surface zonal winds in the analysis does not alter this conclusion, suggesting T-A adequately represents the atmosphere. Repeating the analysis with the output of two control simulations from a fully coupled global climate model (GCM) differing only in their ocean resolution yields qualitatively similar results. However, for the simulation employing the coarse-resolution (1 degrees) ocean model, all SST variability depends upon T-A, apparently caused by a near absence of ocean-induced noise forcing. Collectively, these results imply that a strong contribution from internal oceanic forcing drives SST variability in the Kuroshio-Oyashio region, which may be used as a justification for atmospheric GCM experiments forced with SST anomalies in that region alone. This conclusion is unaffected by increasing the dimensionality of the model to allow for intrabasin interaction. C1 [Smirnov, Dimitry; Newman, Matthew] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smirnov, Dimitry; Newman, Matthew; Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Smirnov, D (reprint author), NOAA ESRL, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dima.smirnov@noaa.gov RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU NSF [1035423] FX The authors thank J. Barsugli, C. Frankignoul, D. Vimont, F. Bryan, and three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments. C. Hannay (NCAR) helped in acquiring the CCSM4 output. Funding for DS and MN was provided by NSF Grant 1035423. NR 76 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 BP 592 EP 606 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00123.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 290QJ UT WOS:000329773100006 ER PT J AU Ji, X Neelin, JD Lee, SK Mechoso, CR AF Ji, Xuan Neelin, J. David Lee, Sang-Ki. Mechoso, Carlos R. TI Interhemispheric Teleconnections from Tropical Heat Sources in Intermediate and Simple Models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Nonlinear dynamics; Rossby waves; Teleconnections; Baroclinic models; Primitive equations model ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; BAROTROPIC ROSSBY WAVES; ATLANTIC WARM POOL; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION MODEL; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; EXTRATROPICAL RESPONSE; NONLINEAR-INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE AB The mechanisms that control the interhemispheric teleconnections from tropical heat sources are investigated using an intermediate complexity model [a quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model (QTCM)] and a simple linear two-level model with dry dynamics. Illustrating the interhemispheric teleconnection process with an Atlantic warm pool principal case, the heat source directly excites a baroclinic response that spreads across the equator. Then, three processes involving baroclinic-barotropic interactionsshear advection, surface drag, and vertical advectionforce a cross-equatorial barotropic Rossby wave response. An analysis of these processes in QTCM simulations indicates that 1) shear advection has a pattern that roughly coincides with the baroclinic signal in the tropics and subtropics, 2) surface drag has large amplitude and spatial extent and can be very effective in forcing barotropic motions around the globe, and 3) vertical advection has a significant contribution locally and remotely where large vertical motions and vertical shear occur. The simple model is modified to perform experiments in which each of these three mechanisms may be included or omitted. By adding surface drag and vertical advection, and comparing each to shear advection, the effects of the three mechanisms on the generation and propagation of the barotropic Rossby waves are shown to be qualitatively similar to the results in QTCM. It is also found that the moist processes included in the QTCM can feed back on the teleconnection process and alter the teleconnection pattern by enlarging the prescribed tropical heating in both intensity and geographical extent and by inducing remote precipitation anomalies by interaction with the basic state. C1 [Ji, Xuan; Neelin, J. David; Mechoso, Carlos R.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Neelin, JD (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 7127 Math Sci Bldg,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM neelin@atmos.ucla.edu RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1102838, AGS-1041477] FX We thank Joyce Meyerson and Katrina Hales in their help and support in running the QTCM. We also thank Joyce Meyerson for her graphical work for this paper. This work was supported by National Science Foundation Grant AGS-1102838 and AGS-1041477. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 BP 684 EP 697 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00017.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 290QJ UT WOS:000329773100012 ER PT J AU Carioni, VMO Nomura, CS Yu, LL Zeisler, R AF Carioni, Vivian M. O. Nomura, Cassiana S. Yu, Lee L. Zeisler, Rolf TI Use of neutron activation analysis and LC-ICP-MS in the development of candidate reference materials for As species determination SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Arsenobetaine; Extraction procedure; Reference material; Robalo liver; Trace elements; Tuna tissue ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ARSENIC SPECIATION; FISH TISSUE; SAMPLES; SEAFOOD; TRACEABILITY; VALIDATION; ACCURACY; NAA AB Arsenic (As) is widely found in marine organisms, mainly as organic arsenical compounds. With the introduction of regulations for As species in foodstuffs and for environmental control, it has become more important to quantify the amount of arsenic species present. To address this concern new reference materials (RMs) for validation and quality assurance of As speciation measurements are being developed, including a tuna fish tissue and a robalo liver tissue. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) is used in this work as a proven analytical tool for As determinations and for validating the As mass fraction determined by liquid chromatography coupled to inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS) in extracts of the candidate RMs and other fish samples including certified RMs. Various methods for the extraction of water-soluble As species were evaluated. The best results were acquired after methanol/acetone/water extraction yielding in 93 % extractable As in the tuna RM. This procedure was used for the LC-ICP-MS studies. The results demonstrate that INAA can account for 100 % of the distribution of As species in analytical processes. It complements LC-ICP-MS for the validation of the characterization of As species in the development of RMs for such species. Excellent agreement of measured results in certified RMs with the reported values confirms the validity of the applied procedures. C1 [Carioni, Vivian M. O.] Univ Fed ABC, Ctr Ciencias Nat & Humanas, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. [Carioni, Vivian M. O.] Minist Educ Brazil, CAPES Fdn, BR-70040020 Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Nomura, Cassiana S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Yu, Lee L.; Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carioni, VMO (reprint author), Univ Fed ABC, Ctr Ciencias Nat & Humanas, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil. EM vivian.carioni@gmail.com RI Institute of Chemistry - USP, Dept. of Chemistry/B-8988-2012; Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; Carioni, Vivian/N-3074-2013 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Carioni, Vivian/0000-0003-0682-6885 FU Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP) [2007/56504-6]; NIST; Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil (CAPES) [0185-12-4] FX The authors wish to thank M. M. Schantz, Laura Wood and Siva Chinthalapati of the NIST Chemical Sciences Division for their assistance and valuable suggestions and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP No 2007/56504-6), NIST and Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior, Brazil (CAPES, No 0185-12-4) for financial support. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 299 IS 1 BP 241 EP 248 DI 10.1007/s10967-013-2790-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 284EP UT WOS:000329299200032 ER PT J AU Grogan, KP O'Kelly, DJ AF Grogan, Kelly P. O'Kelly, Donna J. TI Analytical applications of delayed and instrumental neutron activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Delayed neutron activation analysis; Instrumental neutron activation analysis; Rare earth elements; Uranium ID RARE-EARTH-ELEMENTS; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SEAWATER; PRECONCENTRATION; NIST AB Delayed neutron activation analysis (DNAA) is a rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of fissile elements in a variety of samples. The present work describes two different analytical applications of delayed neutron activation for the analysis of biological and environmental samples, respectively. In the first application, DNAA was utilized to determine the natural uranium content in NIST standard reference materials (SRM) 1547 peach leaves and 1573a tomato leaves. Measured uranium mass fractions are comparable to the non-certified values listed on the certificates for these materials. In the second application, delayed neutron activation is coupled with instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) for the measurement of rare earth elements (REE) (cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and ytterbium) in NIST SRM 2586, Trace Elements in Soil Containing Lead from Paint. DNAA was utilized to determine the uranium mass fraction in SRM 2586 for the subsequent application of a correction factor to account for cerium, lanthanum, and neodymium produced as part of the INAA irradiation. Measured and corrected mass fractions for the REEs described here are all within the uncertainty limits provided on the NIST certificate for SRM 2586. These results and the demonstrated sensitivity of the DNAA system establish and validate the use of this method for the determination of REEs and for potential nuclear forensics applications. C1 [Grogan, Kelly P.; O'Kelly, Donna J.] NIST, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grogan, KP (reprint author), NIST, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kgrogan@g.clemson.edu; donna.okelly@nist.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 299 IS 1 BP 543 EP 549 DI 10.1007/s10967-013-2773-7 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 284EP UT WOS:000329299200071 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM AF Lindstrom, Richard M. TI The half-lives of Y-90m and Ru-97 SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Half-life; Y-90m; Ru-97; Least squares; Gamma spectrometry; Uncertainty ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; LIFE; UNCERTAINTY; AU-198; NA-24; AS-76; K-42 AB In an attempt to improve the accuracy of neutron activation analysis, gamma-ray spectrometry and least-squares methods developed for other nuclides have been applied to redetermine the decay constants of Y-90m and Ru-97. Several irradiated samples of each pure element were counted continually through several half-lives, acquiring up to 100 spectra with good statistics. Photopeaks from each nuclide were evaluated with a region of interest integration routine, and each data point corrected for rate-related losses before fitting to an exponential function by a nonlinear least-squares procedure. The half-lives found are 3.204 +/- A 0.008 h for Y-90m and 2.836 +/- A 0.014 days for Ru-97, where the uncertainty is an estimate of the 95 % confidence level. Although (by Chi squared criteria) the fits to the decay curves were very good and the uncertainty of the resulting half-lives an order of magnitude smaller than the previously published uncertainty, care is necessary before assigning a best value with a totally defensible uncertainty to the overall data set. C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 299 IS 1 BP 897 EP 900 DI 10.1007/s10967-013-2713-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 284EP UT WOS:000329299200118 ER PT J AU Satterthwaite, WH Mohr, MS O'Farrell, MR Anderson, EC Banks, MA Bates, SJ Bellinger, MR Borgerson, LA Crandall, ED Garza, JC Kormos, BJ Lawson, PW Palmer-Zwahlen, ML AF Satterthwaite, William H. Mohr, Michael S. O'Farrell, Michael R. Anderson, Eric C. Banks, Michael A. Bates, Sarah J. Bellinger, M. Renee Borgerson, Lisa A. Crandall, Eric D. Garza, John Carlos Kormos, Brett J. Lawson, Peter W. Palmer-Zwahlen, Melodie L. TI Use of Genetic Stock Identification Data for Comparison of the Ocean Spatial Distribution, Size at Age, and Fishery Exposure of an Untagged Stock and Its Indicator: California Coastal versus Klamath River Chinook Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; NORTH-AMERICA; ONCORHYNCHUS; POPULATIONS; MIGRATION; PATTERNS; BEARS; MODEL AB Managing weak stocks in mixed-stock fisheries often relies on proxies derived from data-rich indicator stocks, although there have been limited tests of the appropriateness of such proxies. For example, full cohort reconstruction of tagged Klamath River fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha of northern California enables the use of detailed models to inform management. Information gained from this stock is also used in the management of the untagged, threatened California Coastal Chinook Salmon (CCC) stock, where it is assumed that a cap on Klamath harvest rates effectively constrains impacts on CCC to acceptable levels. To evaluate use of this proxy, we used a novel approach based on genetic stock identification (GSI) data to compare the two stocks' size at age and ocean distribution (as inferred from spatial variation in CPUE), two key factors influencing fishery exposure. We developed broadly applicable methods to account for both sampling and genetic assignment uncertainty in estimating total stock-specific catch from GSI data, and propagated this uncertainty into models quantifying variation in CPUE across space and time. We found that, in 2010, the stocks were similar in size at age early in the year (age 3 and age 4), but CCC fish were larger later in the year. The stocks appeared similarly distributed early in the year (2010) but more concentrated near their respective source rivers later in the year (2010 and 2011). If these results are representative, relative fishery impacts on the two stocks might scale similarly early in the year, but management changes later in the year could have differing impacts on the two stocks. This novel modeling approach is suited to evaluating the concordance between other data-limited stocks and their proxies, and can be broadly applied to estimate stock-specific harvest, and the uncertainty therein, using GSI in other systems. Received May 31, 2013; accepted August 14, 2013 C1 [Satterthwaite, William H.; Mohr, Michael S.; O'Farrell, Michael R.; Anderson, Eric C.; Crandall, Eric D.; Garza, John Carlos] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Satterthwaite, William H.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Banks, Michael A.; Bellinger, M. Renee] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Borgerson, Lisa A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Western Oregon Fish Res & Monitoring Program, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. [Kormos, Brett J.; Palmer-Zwahlen, Melodie L.] Calif Dept Fish & Wildlife, Ocean Salmon Project, Santa Rosa, CA 95403 USA. [Lawson, Peter W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Satterthwaite, WH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM will.satterthwaite@noaa.gov OI Bellinger, M. Renee/0000-0001-5274-9572; Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU [NA07NMF4540337]; [NA08NMF4270421]; [NA08NMF4720662] FX We thank V. Apkenas, K. Bowden, A. Clemento, C. Columbus, E. Gilbert-Horvath, J. Minch, D. Pearse, E. Schindler, and A. Whitcomb for assistance with data generation and sample handling. We thank a multitude of fisherman and port representatives for assistance in sample collection and routing, and A. Longton, Oregon Fleet Manager. Members of the West Coast Salmon GSI Collaboration provided coordination of the GSI data collection; for program leadership and management, we thank J. Feldner, N. Fitzpatrick, D. Goldenberg, and G. Silvia. The Pacific Salmon Commission supported development of the standardized Genetic Analysis of Pacific Salmonids microsatellite baseline. Funding was provided by Klamath disaster funds NA07NMF4540337, Saltonstall-Kennedy grant NA08NMF4270421, and Federal Appropriation NA08NMF4720662. We thank S. Allen, R. Kope, and A. Winship for helpful feedback. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U. S. Government. NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 28 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 117 EP 133 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.837096 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400012 ER PT J AU Garza, JC Gilbert-Horvath, EA Spence, BC Williams, TH Fish, H Gough, SA Anderson, JH Hamm, D Anderson, EC AF Garza, John Carlos Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A. Spence, Brian C. Williams, Thomas H. Fish, Heidi Gough, Stephen A. Anderson, Joseph H. Hamm, David Anderson, Eric C. TI Population Structure of Steelhead in Coastal California SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; RAINBOW-TROUT; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENETIC DIVERSITY; NORTH-AMERICAN; CLARKI-CLARKI AB Steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss are the most widespread of the Pacific salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. and are found in nearly all basins within their native range around the northern Pacific Rim. Here, we elucidate genetic population structure of steelhead in coastal basins from most of their coastal-California range using variation at 15 microsatellite loci. Juvenile fish from 60 streams in 40 river basins were sampled in a single year from a single cohort. As samples of juvenile salmonids often contain sibling groups, a method was implemented to identify and eliminate all but one member of larger sibships. This, in conjunction with a rigorous sampling protocol and hierarchical sampling design, provided substantially improved resolution for understanding patterns of migration and demography. A pattern of isolation by distance was evident, as indicated by both phylograms that were largely concordant with geography and a significant regression of genetic distance on geographic distance, indicating that population structure is largely determined by migration that is dependent upon geographic distance. Within-basin genetic distances tended to be smaller than those between basins, although there was substantial overlap between them. Using a Bayesian clustering method to evaluate signals of population structure above the level of a river basin, four geographic sites were identified where genetic composition shifted abruptly. These areas largely correspond to major geographic features of the coastline: San Francisco and Humboldt bays and two extended sections of coast (the so-called Lost Coast and Russian Gulch areas) with no streams reaching inland more than several kilometers. Only one of these boundaries is concordant with the current delineation of steelhead Distinct Population Segments designated under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Finally, there was a strong correlation between latitude and genetic variation, with fewer alleles present in the south, a pattern consistent with generally smaller population sizes in the south. Received January 8, 2013; accepted June 27, 2013 C1 [Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Garza, JC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM carlos.garza@noaa.gov FU California Department of Fish and Game's Fishery Restoration Grant Program FX We thank E. Bjorkstedt, A. Clemento, K. Dunham, D. Pearse, and R. Waples for important discussions and assistance; T. Burg, V. Pritchard, and E. Wood-Charlson for assistance in the laboratory; and C. Bergeron, D. Breese, A. Koch, A. Reiss, C. Royer, and N. Russo for assistance in sample collection. Comments from three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor also helped to substantially improve the manuscript. This study would also not have been possible without the cooperation and collaboration of numerous landowners, agencies, and biologists who granted access to streams on both private or public lands, provided guidance on potential sampling locations, obtained tissue samples, or contributed personnel to collection efforts. Specifically, we thank G. Andrew, D. Baldwin, M. Bannister, J. Boberg, C. Bush, M. Bush, M. Clever, K. Cooper, B. Cox, R. Darby, D. Dettman, L. Diller, J. Doss, W. Duffy, E. Ettlinger, D. Fong, D. Fuller, D. Gale, G. Gray, K. Gray, B. Hamlin, S. Harris, A. Haynes, D. Heisinger, D. Hillemeier, M. House, H. Huenemann, B. Ketcham, T. Kisliuk, J. Kwasny, A. Launer, J. Lear, R. Leidy, S. Levesque, H. Libeu, H. McCrary, R. McFarland, B. Michaels, J. Nelson, J. Smiley, G. Smith, J. Smith, M. Sparkman, A. Wagschal, D. Wright, and M. Zuspan. This study was partially supported by a grant from the California Department of Fish and Game's Fishery Restoration Grant Program. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 134 EP 152 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.822420 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400013 ER PT J AU Fisher, JP Weitkamp, LA Teel, DJ Hinton, SA Orsi, JA Farley, EV Morris, JFT Thiess, ME Sweeting, RM Trudel, M AF Fisher, J. P. Weitkamp, L. A. Teel, D. J. Hinton, S. A. Orsi, J. A. Farley, E. V., Jr. Morris, J. F. T. Thiess, M. E. Sweeting, R. M. Trudel, M. TI Early Ocean Dispersal Patterns of Columbia River Chinook and Coho Salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; WESTERN NORTH-AMERICA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SURVIVAL RATES; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; MIGRATION PATTERNS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF AB Several evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of Columbia River asin Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and Coho Salmon O. kisutch are listed as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Yet little is known about the spatial and temporal distributions of these ESUs immediately following ocean entry, when year-class success may be determined. We documented differences in dispersal patterns during the early ocean period among groups defined by ESU, adult run timing, and smolt age. Between 1995 and 2006, 1,896 coded-wire-tagged juvenile fish from the Columbia River basin were recovered during 6,142 research trawl events along the West Coast of North America. Three distinct ocean dispersal patterns were observed: (1) age-1 (yearling) mid and upper Columbia River spring-run and Snake River spring-summer-run Chinook Salmon migrated rapidly northward and by late summer were not found south of Vancouver Island; (2) age-0 (subyearling) lower Columbia River fall, upper Columbia River summer, upper Columbia River fall, and Snake River fall Chinook Salmon dispersed slowly, remaining mainly south of Vancouver Island through autumn; and (3) age-1 lower Columbia River spring, upper Columbia River summer, and upper Willamette River spring Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon were widespread along the coast from summer through fall, indicating a diversity of dispersal rates. Generally, the ocean dispersal of age-1 fish was faster and more extensive than that of age-0 fish, with some age-1 fish migrating as fast as 10-40km/d (0.5-3.0 body lengths/s). Within groups, interannual variation in dispersal was moderate. Identification of the distinct temporal and spatial ocean distribution patterns of juvenile salmon from Columbia River basin ESUs is important in order to evaluate the potential influence of changing ocean conditions on the survival and long term sustainability of these fish populations. Received March 25, 2013; accepted September 6, 2013 C1 [Fisher, J. P.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Weitkamp, L. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, D. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Hinton, S. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Field Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Orsi, J. A.; Farley, E. V., Jr.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Morris, J. F. T.; Thiess, M. E.; Sweeting, R. M.; Trudel, M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. RP Fisher, JP (reprint author), 879 Monmouth Ave North, Monmouth, OR 97361 USA. EM jmcfisher@minetfiber.com RI Trudel, Marc/H-1955-2012 FU NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Bonneville Power Administration; U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific program FX We thank the crews of the fishing vessels Frosti, Sea Eagle, Viking Storm, and Ocean Selector, the Canadian Coast Guard ship W. E. Ricker, and NOAA ships David Starr Jordon, John N. Cobb, and Miller Freeman as well as the numerous technicians who assisted with fieldwork and laboratory analysis. Jim Myers, Sean Hayes, and several anonymous reviewers provided very helpful suggestions for improving the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Bonneville Power Administration, and the U.S. GLOBEC Northeast Pacific program. NR 60 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 31 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 143 IS 1 BP 252 EP 272 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.847862 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 286RW UT WOS:000329487400022 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Fontenla, J France, K AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. Fontenla, Juan France, Kevin TI THE INTRINSIC EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET FLUXES OF F5 V TO M5 V STARS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE planet-star interactions; planets and satellites: atmospheres; stars: chromospheres; stars: low-mass; Sun: UV radiation; ultraviolet: stars ID SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER-SURVEY; EXOPLANET HOST STARS; HOT JUPITERS; M-DWARF; PLANETARY-ATMOSPHERES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; AU MICROSCOPII; SOLAR-ACTIVITY; COOL STARS; HD 189733B AB Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiations (10-117 nm) from host stars play important roles in the ionization, heating, and mass loss from exoplanet atmospheres. Together with the host star's Ly alpha and far-UV (117-170 nm) radiation, EUV radiation photodissociates important molecules, thereby changing the chemistry in exoplanet atmospheres. Since stellar EUV fluxes cannot now be measured and interstellar neutral hydrogen completely obscures stellar radiation between 40 and 91.2 nm, even for the nearest stars, we must estimate the unobservable EUV flux by indirect methods. New non-LTE semiempirical models of the solar chromosphere and corona and solar irradiance measurements show that the ratio of EUV flux in a variety of wavelength bands to the Ly alpha flux varies slowly with the Ly alpha flux and thus with the magnetic heating rate. This suggests and we confirm that solar EUV/Ly alpha flux ratios based on the models and observations are similar to the available 10-40 nm flux ratios observed with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite and the 91.2-117 nm flux observed with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite for F5 V-M5 V stars. We provide formulae for predicting EUV flux ratios based on the EUVE and FUSE stellar data and on the solar models, which are essential input for modeling the atmospheres of exoplanets. C1 [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, Jeffrey L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fontenla, Juan] NW Res Associates Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [France, Kevin] Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, 440UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jilau1.colorado.edu; jfontenla@nwra.com; Kevin.France@colorado.edu FU NASA [NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, HST-GO-11687.01-A]; NASA FX This work is supported by NASA through grants NNX08AC146, NAS5-98043, and HST-GO-11687.01-A to the University of Colorado at Boulder. K. F. acknowledges support through the NASA Nancy Grace Roman Fellowship during a portion of this work. We thank Jorge Sanz-Forcada for calling attention to an error in our reduction of the EUVE data, Martin Snow, and Tom Woods for providing the solar irradiance data, and Jurgen Schmitt for providing X-ray luminosities for M dwarf stars. We appreciate the availability of HST data through the MAST Web site hosted by the Space Telescope Science Institute, stellar data though the SIMBAD database operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France, and the X-exoplanets Archive at the CAB (Sanz-Forcada et al. 2011). Finally, we thank the referee for his insightful and very useful comments. NR 73 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 1 AR 61 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/61 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 279CN UT WOS:000328937100061 ER PT J AU Spence, BC Dick, EJ AF Spence, Brian C. Dick, E. J. TI Geographic variation in environmental factors regulating outmigration timing of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EARLY MARINE SURVIVAL; WILD ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CARNATION-CREEK; SALAR L; STREAM TEMPERATURES; BURRISHOOLE SYSTEM; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; THYROID-HORMONES AB The environmental cues that regulate smoltification and trigger downstream movement by salmon should vary across space in response to differences in the predictability of favorable conditions for migration and ocean entry. To examine this, we modeled the short-term outmigration probability of four coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) populations in three distinct geographic regions in relation to photoperiod, temperature, streamflow, lunar phase, and interactions among these variables. For smolts in Deer and Flynn creeks, Oregon (1960-1972), migration probability was influenced by numerous factors, including photoperiod, temperature (absolute and change), flow (absolute and change), and lunar phase, with certain factors interacting. Smolts from Carnation Creek, British Columbia (1972-1986) responded to a similarly diverse suite of factors (excluding lunar phase), though in somewhat different ways. In contrast, migration timing of smolts in Sashin Creek, Alaska (1959-1969) was best explained by a model that included only photoperiod, temperature, and the interaction between these terms. These population differences suggest fundamental differences across regions in the selection processes operating in both marine and freshwater environments. C1 [Spence, Brian C.; Dick, E. J.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Spence, BC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM brian.spence@noaa.gov NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 37 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 56 EP 69 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0479 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900006 ER PT J AU Ohms, HA Sloat, MR Reeves, GH Jordan, CE Dunham, JB AF Ohms, Haley A. Sloat, Matthew R. Reeves, Gordon H. Jordan, Chris E. Dunham, Jason B. TI Influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on life history expression in steelhead and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES; ARCTIC CHAR; MASU SALMON; SALAR; POPULATION; GROWTH; SALVELINUS; MATURATION AB In partially migratory species, such as Oncorhynchus mykiss, the emergence of life history phenotypes is often attributed to fitness trade-offs associated with growth and survival. Fitness trade-offs can be linked to reproductive tactics that vary between the sexes, as well as the influence of environmental conditions. We found that O. mykiss outmigrants are more likely to be female in nine populations throughout western North America (grand mean 65% female), in support of the hypothesis that anadromy is more likely to benefit females. This bias was not related to migration distance or freshwater productivity, as indicated by latitude. Within one O. mykiss population we also measured the resident sex ratio and did not observe a male bias, despite a high female bias among outmigrants in that system. We provide a simulation to demonstrate the relationship between sex ratios and the proportion of anadromy and show how sex ratios could be a valuable tool for predicting the prevalence of life history types in a population. C1 [Ohms, Haley A.; Sloat, Matthew R.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Reeves, Gordon H.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Stn, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dunham, Jason B.] US Geol Survey, Forest & Rangeland Ecosyst Sci Ctr, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Ohms, HA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM haley.ohms@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration [2003-017]; USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon FX Funding for this work was provided by the Bonneville Power Administration (Project 2003-017 to C. Jordan) and USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon, to G. Reeves. C. Lorion, D. Wiley, E. Suring, C. Hannon, D. Wright, C. Anderson, S. Ricker, K. DeHart, R. D. Nelle, T. Desgroseillier, M. Briggs, C. Beasley, C. Rabe, D. Love, and their field crews generously collected outmigrants. I. Garrett, L. Miller, A. Romney, B. Ramirez, A. Lindsley, P. St. Clair, and the Kerrins family made the SF John Day collection possible. D. Trovillion, D. Batson, and C. Salazar processed and aged scales and otoliths. P. Swanson and M. Middleton aided with histology, A. Elz championed the genetics effort, N. Som helped with the study design, K. Ronnenberg provided graphical and editorial assistance, and K. Christiansen provided mapping and GIS assistance. The manuscript benefited greatly from the comments of three anonymous reviewers. This work was conducted under ACUP permit number 4185 authorized by Oregon State University and under NOAA permit number 16576. Use of trade or firm names is for user information only and does not constitute endorsement of any product or service by the US Government. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 70 EP 80 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0274 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900007 ER PT J AU Hess, JE Chittaro, P Elz, A Gilbert-Horvath, EA Simon, V Garza, JC AF Hess, Jon E. Chittaro, Paul Elz, Anna Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A. Simon, Victor Garza, John Carlos TI Cryptic population structure in the severely depleted cowcod, Sebastes levis SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; QUILLBACK ROCKFISH; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; BLACK ROCKFISH; GENUS SEBASTES; SPECIES FLOCK AB Cowcod (Sebastes levis) is a member of a northeastern Pacific Ocean species flock that experienced extensive fishery exploitation. Factors that could produce structure in cowcod include a major biogeographic boundary within cowcod's geographical distribution; severe declines in abundance, potentially, resulting in reductions in effective population size and divergence owing to genetic drift; and dependence on patchily distributed habitat. We examine the following two questions: (i) is there subdivision present and, if so, is it concordant with the two marine biogeographic regions separated by Point Conception, and (ii) have cowcod experienced loss of genetic variation owing to population size reduction? Coarse-scale genetic and otolith analyses indicated regional structure across Point Conception. However, analysis of 24 microsatellite DNA loci revealed as many as three cryptic, divergent lineages (F-CT = 0.194) that meet south of Point Conception. The two southern lineages had higher growth rate than the northerly distributed lineage. In general, cowcod is the least genetically diverse of similar to 10 rockfishes surveyed with the same markers, but the recent substantial declines in abundance were not reflected by recent genetic bottleneck analyses. C1 [Hess, Jon E.; Chittaro, Paul; Elz, Anna; Simon, Victor] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hess, Jon E.] Columbia River Intertribal Fish Commiss, Hagerman, ID 83332 USA. [Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth A.; Garza, John Carlos] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Hess, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM hesj@critfc.org RI Hess, Jon/F-5124-2012 OI Hess, Jon/0000-0002-3643-202X FU Proactive Species Conservation Grant Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) FX We are grateful to A. Kinrich for assistance with laboratory efforts; J. Cope, E. J. Dick, J. Field, M. Ford, and R. Gustafson for helpful discussions; and the editorial suggestions of an anonymous reviewer on an earlier version of this manuscript. We are indebted to the staff working for the Northwest Fisheries Science Center's West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl and Hook and Line Surveys and to D. Pearson and K. Sakuma for providing tissue samples. This research was funded through the Proactive Species Conservation Grant Program of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Identification of commercial products does not represent their endorsement by NMFS or the US Dept. of Commerce. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 16 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2012-0510 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900008 ER PT J AU Spencer, PD Kraak, SBM Trippel, EA AF Spencer, Paul D. Kraak, Sarah B. M. Trippel, Edward A. TI The influence of maternal effects in larval survival on fishery harvest reference points for two life-history patterns SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ROCKFISHES SEBASTES; RELATIVE FECUNDITY; MARINE FISH; AGE; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; SIZE; POPULATIONS; QUALITY; WEIGHT AB Increased larval viability with increased spawner age (i.e., maternal effects) have been observed in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Pacific rockfish (Sebastes spp.) stocks. Analytical results from a Beverton-Holt recruitment model indicate density-independent maternal effects affected the relative stock productivity and fishing rate reference points. We simulated populations based on Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) to explore how estimates of reference points F-msy and F-crash are affected by maternal effects and potential interactions with life-history pattern, recruitment autocorrelation, and exploitation rate. Estimates of F-msy and F-crash were made from populations with maternal effects using either total larvae (proportional to eggs) or viable larvae (incorporating the maternal effect). Maternal effects have the largest impact upon estimated population productivity at high fishing rates. Estimates of F-msy and F-crash for cod were also affected by autocorrelated recruitment variability because of their reduced longevity compared with Pacific ocean perch. These results suggest the importance of evaluating the influence of maternal effects on estimated stock productivity on a case-by-case basis, particularly for depleted stocks composed of relatively young spawners. C1 [Spencer, Paul D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kraak, Sarah B. M.] Univ Coll Cork, Sch Biol Earth & Environm Sci, Cork, Ireland. [Kraak, Sarah B. M.] Inst Marine, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland. [Trippel, Edward A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Biol Stn, St Andrews, NB E5B 2L9, Canada. RP Spencer, PD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.spencer@noaa.gov FU European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action [FA0601] FX We thank Carey McGilliard, Teresa A'mar, Martin Dorn, Anne Hollowed, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts on this manuscript. This research was supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action FA0601 "Fish Reproduction and Fisheries" (FRESH). The findings and conclusions in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 151 EP 161 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0253 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900014 ER PT J AU Meador, JP AF Meador, James P. TI Do chemically contaminated river estuaries in Puget Sound (Washington, USA) affect the survival rate of hatchery-reared Chinook salmon? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TISSUE-RESIDUE APPROACH; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; JUVENILE PACIFIC SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; MARINE SURVIVAL; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TOXICITY ASSESSMENT; AQUATIC ORGANISMS AB This study examined the rate of survival for hatchery-reared, ocean-type juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to the adult life stage in relation to contamination status for estuaries where they temporarily reside. The hypothesis tested here is that juvenile Chinook from Puget Sound (Washington, USA) area hatcheries exhibit differential survival as categorized by the state of contamination in their respective natal estuaries. Data were examined from 20 hatcheries that released fish to 14 local estuaries in the Greater Puget Sound area over 37 years (1972-2008). A parallel analysis was also conducted for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) outmigrating from many of the same hatcheries. For all years combined, juvenile Chinook transiting contaminated estuaries exhibited an overall rate of survival that was 45% lower than that for Chinook moving through uncontaminated estuaries, which was confirmed when tested year by year. The results for coho originating from the same hatcheries and sharing a similar marine distribution indicated no substantial differences among estuaries. These observations have important implications for wild juvenile Chinook that spend more time in the estuary compared with hatchery-reared fish. C1 NOAA, Ecotoxicol & Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Ecotoxicol & Fish Hlth Program, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov FU NOAA Fisheries FX Thanks to many folks for my naive questions and their detailed answers, including Jim Longwill (PSMFC) and Jim Myers (NOAA). Jim West (WADFW) generated the map and Sandie O'Neill (WADFW) commented on an earlier version of the manuscript. Julann Spromberg (NOAA) and Kurt Fresh (NOAA) provided valuable insight and numerous suggestions that improved the manuscript. This study was supported entirely on base funding from NOAA Fisheries. NR 112 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 21 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 162 EP 180 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0130 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 283AZ UT WOS:000329217900015 ER PT J AU Harrison, M Adcroft, A Hallberg, R AF Harrison, M. Adcroft, A. Hallberg, R. TI Atlantic watermass and circulation response to persistent freshwater forcing in two coupled general circulation models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Freshwater fluxes; Atlantic; Climate model bias; CMIP5; GFDL; AMOC ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE MODELS; PART I; OCEAN; FORMULATION; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORTS; EVENT; HEAT AB The sensitivity of the Atlantic circulation and watermasses to biases in the convergence of moisture into the basin is examined in this study using two different general circulation models. For a persistent positive moisture flux into the tropical Atlantic, the average salinity and temperature in the basin is reduced, mainly below mid-depths and in high latitudes. A transient reduction in the Atlantic overturning strength occurs in this case, with a recovery timescale of 1-2 centuries. In contrast, a similar amount of freshwater directed into the Subpolar North Atlantic results in a persistent reduction in overturning and an increase in basin heat and salt content. In the unperturbed pre-industrial simulations, the Atlantic is unambiguously warmer and saltier than historical observations below mid-depths and in the Nordic Seas. The models' tropical freshwater flux sensitivities project strongly onto the spatial pattern of this bias, suggesting a common atmospheric deficiency. The integrated Atlantic plus Arctic surface freshwater flux in these models is between -0.5 and -0.6 Sv, compared with an observational estimate of -0.28 Sv. Our results suggest that shortcomings in the models' ability to reproduce realistic bulk watermass properties are due to an overestimation of the inter-basin moisture export from the tropical Atlantic. C1 [Harrison, M.; Hallberg, R.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Adcroft, A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Harrison, M (reprint author), NOAA GFDL, Princeton Univ Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM matthew.harrison@noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1798-5 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 283HY UT WOS:000329238300004 ER PT J AU Stoltzfus, A AF Stoltzfus, Arlin TI Mutation-Driven Evolution SO EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Book Review C1 [Stoltzfus, Arlin] NIST, Div Biosyst & Biomat, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stoltzfus, Arlin] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Stoltzfus, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Biosyst & Biomat, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arlin@umd.edu OI Stoltzfus, Arlin/0000-0002-0963-1357 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-541X EI 1525-142X J9 EVOL DEV JI Evol. Dev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 57 EP 59 DI 10.1111/ede.12062 PG 3 WC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Developmental Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 285AF UT WOS:000329364100007 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL AF Manzello, Samuel L. TI Special Issue on Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 SI SI BP 7 EP 8 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0319-0 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 283FX UT WOS:000329232500003 ER PT J AU Maranghides, A Mell, W Ridenour, K McNamara, D AF Maranghides, Alexander Mell, William Ridenour, Karen McNamara, Derek TI Initial Reconnaissance of the 2011 Wildland-Urban Interface Fires in Amarillo, Texas SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wildland urban interface; WUI; Fire behavior; Community fires; Amarillo fires; WUI data collection methodology AB On February 27, 2011, a fire began in the outskirts of Amarillo, Texas, that destroyed or damaged buildings in three housing developments. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), as part of its Disaster and Failure Studies Program, deployed a team within 44 h of ignition to conduct an initial reconnaissance to document the fire event losses and fire behavior. The deployment was conducted jointly with the Texas Forest Service. Of interest to the NIST deployment was the fire behavior and effects on fire losses of topographical features, structure construction and defensive actions. The two communities initially evaluated were the Willow Creek South Complex and the Tanglewood Complex. Within 72 h after data collection initiation, the Tanglewood fire became the focus of the deployment. Additionally, destroyed and damaged structure data were collected to support the local and state damage assessment efforts. The Tanglewood Complex wildland-urban interface fire was responsible for the destruction of approximately 101 structures including 35 residences. The overall objectives of this study are to establish the likely technical factor or factors responsible for the damage, failure, and/or successful performance of buildings and/or infrastructure in the aftermath of the fire, and to recommend, as necessary, specific improvements to standards, codes, and practices based on study findings. This study also may be used to define areas of future research. This summary paper addresses the particulars of the deployment and the data collection methodology used. A second more detailed technical paper will provide the event timeline reconstruction and general fire behavior observations as well as investigate the impacts of structure attributes, landscaping characteristics, topographical features and wildland fire exposure on structure survivability. C1 [Maranghides, Alexander] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mell, William] US Forest Serv, Fire & Environm Res Applicat Team, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Ridenour, Karen] Texas Forest Serv, Smithville, TX 78957 USA. [McNamara, Derek] McNamara Consulting, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Maranghides, A (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maranghides@gmail.com NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 SI SI BP 93 EP 104 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0287-4 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 283FX UT WOS:000329232500008 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Foote, EID AF Manzello, Samuel L. Foote, Ethan I. D. TI Characterizing Firebrand Exposure from Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires: Results from the 2007 Angora Fire SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Firebrands; Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fire; Firebrand exposure AB This study examines the size distribution and other characteristics of firebrand exposure during the 2007 Angora fire, a severe wildland-urban interface fire in California. Of the 401 houses that received direct interface fire exposure 61% were destroyed and 30% did not burn at all. The ignition of buildings by wind-driven firebrand showers and the starting of "spot fires" in unburned vegetation ahead of wildfires have been observed for some time. Empirically quantifying the exposure severity or describing how many firebrands of what size and over what duration and distance cause ignition problems of concern has not yet been possible. However, a unique opportunity to gather empirical firebrand data from an actual interface fire evolved in the days immediately following the Angora fire. Digital analyses of burn patterns from materials exposed to the Angora fire were conducted to determine firebrand size distributions. It is probable that some burn patterns were larger in area than the firebrands due to progressive combustion or melting, but it was assumed that the overall size distributions of burn pattern areas were representative of actual firebrand sizes. This assumption was investigated by exposing sections of materials collected in the Angora fire to wind driven firebrands generated in the laboratory using the unique NIST Dragon's lofting and ignition research facility (NIST Dragon's LAIR facility). The firebrand size distributions reported were compared to firebrand size distributions from experimental firebrand generation in both recent laboratory building ignition studies conducted by NIST and from historical firebrand field studies. Such data is needed to form the basis of effective and appropriate interface fire hazard mitigation measures as well as modeling fire spread. Comparisons are made to current wildfire protection building construction regulations and test standards. The most salient result of this study is documentation of the consistently small size of firebrands and the close correlation of these results with the sizes of experimentally generated firebrands. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.] NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Foote, Ethan I. D.] Calif Dept Forestry & Fire Protect, OSFM, Santa Rosa, CA 95401 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, EL, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security FX We are grateful for support on the Angora fire provided by California Interagency Incident Management Team # 1 (R. Hawkins), the County of El Dorado, the USFS Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit, Lake Valley Fire Protection District, South Lake Tahoe City Fire Department. Data collection assistance was provided by Angora Damage Assessment Team staff, especially T. Robards and J. Cohen, and the able assistance of Mr. John Shields of EL-NIST is appreciated. Thanks to S. Dickey and A. Burg for help with the manuscript. The field data collection would not have been possible without the leadership of Fire Chief Bill Holmes and State Fire Marshal Kate Dargan. This research was funded by the Science and Technology Directorate of the US Department of Homeland Security. Mr. John M. Liu, a DHS intern and undergraduate student at Duke University, analyzed the burn patterns from the trampoline collected from the Angora fire; his assistance in appreciated. NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 EI 1572-8099 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 SI SI BP 105 EP 124 DI 10.1007/s10694-012-0295-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 283FX UT WOS:000329232500009 ER PT J AU Peck, MA Neuenfeldt, S Essington, TE Trenkel, VM Takasuka, A Gislason, H Dickey-Collas, M Andersen, KH Ravn-Jonsen, L Vestergaard, N Kvamsdal, SF Gardmark, A Link, J Rice, JC AF Peck, Myron A. Neuenfeldt, Stefan Essington, Timothy E. Trenkel, Verena M. Takasuka, Akinori Gislason, Henrik Dickey-Collas, Mark Andersen, Ken H. Ravn-Jonsen, Lars Vestergaard, Niels Kvamsdal, Sturla F. Gardmark, Anna Link, Jason Rice, Jake C. TI Forage Fish Interactions: a symposium on "Creating the tools for ecosystem-based management of marine resources" SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE forage fish; introduction; symposium ID SMALL PELAGIC FISH; FISHERIES AB Forage fish (FF) have a unique position within marine foodwebs and the development of sustainable harvest strategies for FF will be a critical step in advancing and implementing the broader, ecosystem-based management of marine systems. In all, 70 scientists from 16 nations gathered for a symposium on 12-14 November 2012 that was designed to address three key questions regarding the effective management of FF and their ecosystems: (i) how do environmental factors and predator-prey interactions drive the productivity and distribution of FF stocks across ecosystems worldwide, (ii) what are the economic and ecological costs and benefits of different FF management strategies, and (iii) do commonalities exist across ecosystems in terms of the effective management of FF exploitation? C1 [Peck, Myron A.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Neuenfeldt, Stefan; Gislason, Henrik; Andersen, Ken H.] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Ocean Life, Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Essington, Timothy E.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Trenkel, Verena M.] IFREMER, Nantes, France. [Takasuka, Akinori] FRA, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Dickey-Collas, Mark] ICES, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dickey-Collas, Mark] Wageningen IMARES, Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Ravn-Jonsen, Lars; Vestergaard, Niels] Univ Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark. [Kvamsdal, Sturla F.] NHH Norwegian Sch Econ, Bergen, Norway. [Gardmark, Anna] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Oregrund, Sweden. [Link, Jason] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Rice, Jake C.] DFO, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Peck, MA (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. EM myron.peck@uni-hamburg.de RI Gislason, Henrik/C-1357-2008; Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011; Dickey-Collas, Mark/A-8036-2008; OI Gislason, Henrik/0000-0003-0242-3333; Vestergaard, Niels/0000-0001-9270-2461; Trenkel, Verena/0000-0001-7869-002X FU European Commission; North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES); ICES FX We would like to thank Helle Sorensen for helping to organize the symposium as well as Olivier Berthele, Mareike Volkenandt and Sophie Pilven for their help with local arrangements. The symposium was supported by funds from the European Commission (FACTS project) and was co-sponsored by the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) and ICES. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 34 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst174 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 271VA UT WOS:000328418500001 ER PT J AU Litz, MNC Emmett, RL Bentley, PJ Claiborne, AM Barcelo, C AF Litz, Marisa N. C. Emmett, Robert L. Bentley, Paul J. Claiborne, Andrew M. Barcelo, Caren TI Biotic and abiotic factors influencing forage fish and pelagic nekton community in the Columbia River plume (USA) throughout the upwelling season 1999-2009 SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE California current; Columbia River plume; community analysis; forage fish; predator fish ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; JUVENILE SALMON; ICHTHYOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; COASTAL OCEAN; OREGON; CLIMATE AB Large river plumes modify coastal environments and can impact production across multiple trophic levels. From 1999 to 2009, the assemblages of forage fish, predator fish, and other pelagic nekton were monitored in coastal waters associated with the Columbia River plume. Surveys were conducted at night to target vertically migrating species, and community structure evaluated to better understand ecological interactions. Distinct inshore and offshore communities were identified during spring and summer that were correlated with ocean temperature, salinity, plume volume, and upwelling intensity. Resident euryhaline forage fish species, such as smelts, anchovy, herring, market squid, juvenile salmon, and spiny dogfish, showed a high affinity for inshore habitat and the lower salinity plume during spring. Highly migratory species, such as sardine, piscivorous hake, sharks, and mackerels, were associated with warmer, saltier waters offshore, during strong upwelling periods in summer. Overall, our study of pelagic nekton revealed that temporal dynamics in abundance and community composition were associated with seasonal abiotic phenomenon, but not interannual, large-scale oceanographic processes. Forage fish assemblages differed seasonally and spatially from the assemblages of major piscivorous predators. This finding suggests a potential role of the plume as refuge for forage fish from predation by piscivorous fish in the northern California Current. C1 [Litz, Marisa N. C.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.; Bentley, Paul J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Claiborne, Andrew M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Barcelo, Caren] Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Litz, MNC (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM litzm@onid.orst.edu FU NOAA Fisheries; Oregon State University Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies (CIMRS); Mamie Markham Research Scholarship FX We would like to thank all the field staff, especially G. Krutzikowsky, C. Johnson, and P. Peterson, for their assistance collecting data for this study. We would also like to thank C. Morgan for help creating and managing the catch database and for processing data used to create the maps. A. Baptista provided helpful information on the "Virtual Columbia River" modelling system (http://www.stccmop.org/datamart/virtualcolumbiariver), and B. McCune provided valuable statistical advice. This work would not have been possible without the tremendous knowledge and expertise of the captains and crew of the chartered fishing vessels used for this study. The authors are grateful to L. Weitkamp, J. Peterson, T. Auth, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments on earlier drafts made this a stronger paper. Conversations with J. Miller and T. Hurst were particularly insightful. The study was supported by NOAA Fisheries, Oregon State University Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies (CIMRS), and a Mamie Markham Research Scholarship. NR 56 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 31 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 5 EP 18 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fst082 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 271VA UT WOS:000328418500002 ER PT J AU Abhilash, S Sahai, AK Pattnaik, S Goswami, BN Kumar, A AF Abhilash, S. Sahai, A. K. Pattnaik, S. Goswami, B. N. Kumar, Arun TI Extended range prediction of active-break spells of Indian summer monsoon rainfall using an ensemble prediction system in NCEP Climate Forecast System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Indian summer monsoon; extended range prediction; ensemble prediction system ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; SINGULAR-VECTOR; MODEL; OCEAN; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; SKILL AB This study analyses skill of an extended range prediction system to forecast Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) 3-4 pentads in advance. A series of 45-d forecast integrations starting from 1 May to 29 September at 5-d interval for 7 years from 2001 to 2007 are performed with an ensemble prediction system (EPS) in NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 1 (CFSV1) model. The sensitivity experiments with different amount of perturbation suggest that full tendency perturbation experiment on all basic variables including humidity at all vertical level shows higher dispersion among forecast than other experiments. Spread-error relationship shows that the present EPS system is under-dispersive. The lower bound of predictability is about 10-12 d and upper bound of predictability is found to be 20-25 d for zonal wind at 850 and 200 hPa. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of precipitation (500 hPa geopotential height) reveals that the predictability limit is about 15(18) d over Indian monsoon region. The monsoon zone area averaged precipitation forecasts averaged over 5-d period (pentads) up to 4 pentad lead time are also evaluated and compared with observation. The anomaly correlation coefficients (ACC) reaches zero after pentad 3 (pentad 5) lead for precipitation (dynamical variables). A probabilistic approach is developed from the EPS for extended range forecast applications. The relative operating characteristic (ROC) curves for three categories of precipitation shows that the prediction skill for active and break is slightly higher compared to that of normal category and skillful probabilistic forecasts can be generated for precipitation even beyond pentad 4 lead. Copyright (c) 2013 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Abhilash, S.; Sahai, A. K.; Goswami, B. N.] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Climate & Global Modeling Div, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. [Pattnaik, S.] Indian Inst Technol Bhubaneswar, Sch Earth Ocean & Climate Sci, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. [Kumar, Arun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Sahai, AK (reprint author), Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Climate & Global Modeling Div, Dr Homi Bhabha Rd, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. EM sahai@tropmet.res.in OI Sahai, Atul Kumar/0000-0002-2917-1802 FU Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi FX IITM is fully supported by the Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, New Delhi. The stimulating discussions with Prof. V. Krishmurthi, Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, USA helped in improving the manuscript. We are thankful to A. Suryachandra Rao, P. Mukhopadhyay, D. Trivedi and S. Dey for providing some of the data used in this study and for valuable discussions. NR 72 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 34 IS 1 BP 98 EP 113 DI 10.1002/joc.3668 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 284AG UT WOS:000329287800008 ER PT J AU Lee, YK Li, ZL Li, J Schmit, TJ AF Lee, Yong-Keun Li, Zhenglong Li, Jun Schmit, Timothy J. TI Evaluation of the GOES-R ABI LAP Retrieval Algorithm Using the GOES-13 Sounder SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Remote sensing; Satellite observations; Soundings ID BASE-LINE IMAGER; PRECIPITABLE WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; MOISTURE; RADIOSONDES; GENERATION; RADIOMETER AB A physical retrieval algorithm has been developed for deriving the legacy atmospheric profile (LAP) product from infrared radiances of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on board the next-generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) series. In this study, the GOES-R ABI LAP retrieval algorithm is applied to the GOES-13 sounder radiance measurements (termed the GOES-13 LAP retrieval algorithm in this study) for its validation as well as for potential transition of the GOES-13 LAP retrieval algorithm for the operational processing of GOES sounder data. The GOES-13 LAP retrievals are compared with five different truth measurements: radiosonde observation (raob) and microwave radiometer-measured total precipitable water (TPW) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Cloud and Radiation Testbed site, conventional raob, TPW measurements from the global positioning system-integrated precipitable water NOAA network, and TPW measurements from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E). The results show that with the GOES-R ABI LAP retrieval algorithm, the GOES-13 sounder provides better water vapor profiles than the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) forecast fields at the levels between 300 and 700 hPa. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) and standard deviation (STD) of the GOES-13 sounder TPW are consistently reduced from those of the GFS forecast no matter which measurements are used as the truth. These substantial improvements indicate that the GOES-R ABI LAP retrieval algorithm is well prepared to provide continuity of quality to some of the current GOES sounder products, and the algorithm can be transferred to process the current GOES sounder measurements for operational product generation. C1 [Lee, Yong-Keun; Li, Zhenglong; Li, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Lee, YK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yklee@ssec.wisc.edu RI LEE, YONG-KEUN/A-1352-2015; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10NES4400013] FX This work was funded under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Agreement NA10NES4400013. The authors thank J. Nelson for the help to prepare GOES-13 sounder and related truth data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 31 IS 1 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00028.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287LZ UT WOS:000329544600001 ER PT J AU Bouali, M Ignatov, A AF Bouali, Marouan Ignatov, Alexander TI Adaptive Reduction of Striping for Improved Sea Surface Temperature Imagery from Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fronts; Sea surface temperature; Instrumentation; sensors; Remote sensing; Variational analysis; Oceanic variability ID IMPULSE-RESPONSE FILTERS; LANDSAT MSS IMAGES; MODIS DATA; ALGORITHMS; REMOVAL; NOISE; MODEL AB The Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite was successfully launched on 28 October 2011. It carries five new-generation instruments, including the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The VIIRS is a whiskbroom radiometer that scans the surface of the earth using a rotating telescope assembly, a double-sided half-angle mirror, and 16 individual detectors. Substantial efforts are being made to accurately calibrate all detectors in orbit. As of this writing, VIIRS striping is reduced to levels below those seen in corresponding Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) bands and meets the program specifications and requirements. However, the level 2 SST products derived from level 1 sensor data records (SDRs) thermal emissive bands still show residual striping. These artifacts reduce the accuracy of SST measurements and adversely affect cloud masking and the output of downstream applications, such as thermal front detection. To improve the quality of SST imagery derived from the VIIRS sensor, an adaptive algorithm was developed for operational use within the National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)'s SST system. The methodology uses a unidirectional quadratic variational model to extract stripe noise from the observed image prior to nonlocal filtering. Evaluation of the algorithm performance over an extended dataset demonstrates a significant improvement in the Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) VIIRS SST image quality, with normalized improvement factors (NIF) varying between 5% and 25%. C1 [Bouali, Marouan; Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Bouali, Marouan] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bouali, M (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM marouan.bouali@noaa.gov RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU JPSS Program Office FX This work is conducted under the VIIRS SST Project funded by the JPSS Program Office. The authors thank John Sapper, John Stroup, Boris Petrenko, Yuri Kihai, Prasanjit Dash, Xingming Liang, Korak Saha, Changyong Cao, and Quanhua Liu (NESDIS) for the helpful discussions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 31 IS 1 BP 150 EP 163 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00035.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287LZ UT WOS:000329544600005 ER PT J AU Xu, F Ignatov, A AF Xu, Feng Ignatov, Alexander TI In situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam) SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Data quality control; In situ oceanic observations; Bayesian methods ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ESTIMATING CLIMATIC TRENDS; SHIPS METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; INFRARED SATELLITE; OCEAN TEMPERATURE; ALGORITHM; ACCURACY; DATABASE; ERRORS; AATSR AB The quality of in situ sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is critical for calibration and validation of satellite SSTs. In situ SSTs come from different countries, agencies, and platforms. As a result, their quality is often suboptimal, nonuniform, and measurement-type specific. This paper describes a system developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the in situ SST Quality Monitor (iQuam; www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/sst/iquam/). It performs three major functions with the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) data: 1) quality controls (QC) in situ SSTs, using Bayesian reference and buddy checks similar to those adopted in the Met Office, in addition to providing basic screenings, such as duplicate removal, plausibility, platform track, and SST spike checks; 2) monitors quality-controlled SSTs online, in near-real time; and 3) serves reformatted GTS SST data to NOAA and external users with quality flags appended. Currently, iQuam's web page displays global monthly maps of measurement locations stratified by four in situ platform types (drifters, ships, and tropical and coastal moorings) as well as their corresponding in situ minus reference SST statistics. Time series of all corresponding SST and QC statistics are also trended. The web page user can also monitor individual in situ platforms. The current status of iQuam and ongoing improvements are discussed. C1 [Xu, Feng; Ignatov, Alexander] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xu, Feng] Global Sci & Technol Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Ignatov, A (reprint author), NOAA STAR, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court,Room 3750, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM alex.ignatov@noaa.gov RI XU, Feng/A-4582-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI XU, Feng/0000-0002-7015-1467; Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU JPSS Program; GOES-R Program; Polar Product System Development and Implementation Program; NOAA Data Exploitation Program; Ocean Remote Sensing Program FX The iQuam development is supported by the JPSS and GOES-R Programs and by the Polar Product System Development and Implementation, NOAA Data Exploitation, and Ocean Remote Sensing Programs. We thank our colleagues at NOAA (J. Sapper, D. Stokes, S. Woodruff, P. Dash, Y. Kihai, X. Liang, and B. Petrenko), JPSS SST (P. LeBorgne, P. Minnett, B. Evans), and GHRSST (N. Rayner, J. Kennedy, E. Kent, C. Merchant, H. Beggs, M. Chin) for helpful discussions and feedback on the use of iQuam data. Thanks also go to three anonymous reviewers of this manuscript and to JTECH Editor Prof. William J. Emery for the valuable recommendations. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 48 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 31 IS 1 BP 164 EP 180 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00121.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287LZ UT WOS:000329544600006 ER PT J AU Jiang, CL Gille, ST Sprintall, J Sweeney, C AF Jiang, ChuanLi Gille, Sarah T. Sprintall, Janet Sweeney, Colm TI Drake Passage Oceanic pCO(2): Evaluating CMIP5 Coupled Carbon-Climate Models Using in situ Observations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Southern Ocean; Ocean circulation; Air-sea interaction; Carbon cycle; Climate models; Model evaluation; performance ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CYCLE FEEDBACK; SYSTEM MODEL; PART II; TEMPERATURE; CO2; CIRCULATION; FORMULATION; NUTRIENTS AB Surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) variations in Drake Passage are examined using decade-long underway shipboard measurements. North of the Polar Front (PF), the observed pCO(2) shows a seasonal cycle that peaks annually in August and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC)-forced variations are significant. Just south of the PF, pCO(2) shows a small seasonal cycle that peaks annually in February, reflecting the opposing effects of changes in SST and DIC in the surface waters. At the PF, the wintertime pCO(2) is nearly in equilibrium with the atmosphere, leading to a small sea-to-air CO2 flux.These observations are used to evaluate eight available Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5), Earth system models (ESMs). Six ESMs reproduce the observed annual-mean pCO(2) values averaged over the Drake Passage region. However, the model amplitude of the pCO(2) seasonal cycle exceeds the observed amplitude of the pCO(2) seasonal cycle because of the model biases in SST and surface DIC. North of the PF, deep winter mixed layers play a larger role in pCO(2) variations in the models than they do in observations. Four ESMs show elevated wintertime pCO(2) near the PF, causing a significant sea-to-air CO2 flux. Wintertime winds in these models are generally stronger than the satellite-derived winds. This not only magnifies the sea-to-air CO2 flux but also upwells DIC-rich water to the surface and drives strong equatorward Ekman currents. These strong model currents likely advect the upwelled DIC farther equatorward, as strong stratification in the models precludes subduction below the mixed layer. C1 [Jiang, ChuanLi] Earth & Space Res, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. [Gille, Sarah T.; Sprintall, Janet] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Sweeney, Colm] NOAA, CIRES, ESRL, GMD, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jiang, CL (reprint author), Earth & Space Res, 2101 4th Ave,Suite 1310, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. EM chjiang@esr.org OI Gille, Sarah/0000-0001-9144-4368 FU National Science Foundation [0850350]; Office of Polar Programs [0943818, 1129005, 0944761]; NASA [NNX08AR63G]; U.S. CLIVAR [1129005]; Scripps Postdoctoral fellowship FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (OCE Award 0850350 and Office of Polar Programs Awards 0943818, 1129005, and 0944761) and NASA Award NNX08AR63G. Jiang was supported as a part of a diagnostic analysis effort proposed by U.S. CLIVAR (OPP Award 1129005) and by the Scripps Postdoctoral fellowship and NASA Award NNX08AR63G. The authors would like to acknowledge Teresa K. Chereskin and Sharon Escher for providing the LMG datasets. We also thank all the technical and scientific support from the staff of eight ESM groups and the Program for Climate Model Diagnostic and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for making the ESM output available to the public. Jiang would like to acknowledge Dr. Francois W. Primeau for his constructive and valuable comments during her stay at University of California, Irvine. She would also like to thank Camisa Carlson at Earth & Space Research for her thorough English language editing. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers and the editor for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. Q-COAPS was obtained online (from http://coaps.fsu.edu/scatterometry/gridded/). The OSCAR ocean current data from the Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center (PO.DAAC) at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, was obtained online (from ftp://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/). NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 IS 1 BP 76 EP 100 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00571.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 283VV UT WOS:000329276000005 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Longmore, SP Molenar, DA AF Knaff, John A. Longmore, Scott P. Molenar, Debra A. TI An Objective Satellite-Based Tropical Cyclone Size Climatology SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; typhoons; Climatology; Satellite observations; Trends ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; KINETIC-ENERGY; WIND STRUCTURE; PART I; INTENSITY; ATLANTIC; HURRICANES; VARIABILITY; MAINTENANCE AB Storm-centered infrared (IR) imagery of tropical cyclones (TCs) is related to the 850-hPa mean tangential wind at a radius of 500 km (V500) calculated from 6-hourly global numerical analyses for North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific TCs for 1995-2011. V500 estimates are scaled using the climatological vortex decay rate beyond 500 km to estimate the radius of 5 kt (1 kt = 0.514 m s(-1)) winds (R5) or TC size. A much larger historical record of TC-centered IR imagery (1978-2011) is then used to estimate TC sizes and form a global TC size climatology. The basin-specific distributions of TC size reveal that, among other things, the eastern North Pacific TC basins have the smallest while western North Pacific have the largest TC size distributions. The life cycle of TC sizes with respect to maximum intensity shows that TC growth characteristics are different among the individual TC basins, with the North Atlantic composites showing continued growth after maximum intensity. Small TCs are generally located at lower latitudes, westward steering, and preferred in seasons when environmental low-level vorticity is suppressed. Large TCs are generally located at higher latitudes, poleward steering, and preferred in enhanced low-level vorticity environments. Postmaximum intensity growth of TCs occurs in regions associated with enhanced baroclinicity and TC recurvature, while those that do not grow much are associated with west movement, erratic storm tracks, and landfall at or near the time of maximum intensity. With respect to climate change, no significant long-term trends are found in the dataset of TC size. C1 [Knaff, John A.; Molenar, Debra A.] NOAA, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Longmore, Scott P.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, NOAA, NESDIS, CIRA, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Molenar, Debra/F-5615-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 58 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 IS 1 BP 455 EP 476 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00096.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 283VV UT WOS:000329276000031 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Msadek, R Anderson, W Chang, YS Delworth, T Dixon, K Gudgel, R Rosati, A Stern, B Villarini, G Wittenberg, A Yang, XS Zeng, FR Zhang, R Zhang, SQ AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Msadek, Rym Anderson, Whit Chang, You-Soon Delworth, Thomas Dixon, Keith Gudgel, Rich Rosati, Anthony Stern, Bill Villarini, Gabriele Wittenberg, Andrew Yang, Xiasong Zeng, Fanrong Zhang, Rong Zhang, Shaoqing TI Reply to Comments on "Multiyear Predictions of North Atlantic Hurricane Frequency: Promise and Limitations" SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Letter DE Climate prediction; Hurricanes; typhoons C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Msadek, Rym; Anderson, Whit; Delworth, Thomas; Dixon, Keith; Gudgel, Rich; Rosati, Anthony; Stern, Bill; Wittenberg, Andrew; Yang, Xiasong; Zeng, Fanrong; Zhang, Rong; Zhang, Shaoqing] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Msadek, Rym; Yang, Xiasong] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Chang, You-Soon] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Kong Ju 314701, South Korea. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Msadek, Rym/C-7752-2014; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Msadek, Rym/0000-0003-0450-4815; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 27 IS 1 BP 490 EP 492 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00381.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 283VV UT WOS:000329276000034 ER PT J AU Beakes, MP Sharron, S Charish, R Moore, JW Satterthwaite, WH Sturm, E Wells, BK Sogard, SM Mangel, M AF Beakes, M. P. Sharron, S. Charish, R. Moore, J. W. Satterthwaite, W. H. Sturm, E. Wells, B. K. Sogard, S. M. Mangel, M. TI Using scale characteristics and water temperature to reconstruct growth rates of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE circuli; life history; rainbow trout; salmonids; scale analysis ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; MARINE SURVIVAL; COHO SALMON; CIRCULUS FORMATION; BACK-CALCULATION; CALIFORNIA; NERKA AB Juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from a northern California Central Valley population were reared in a controlled laboratory experiment. Significantly different rates of growth were observed among fish reared under two ration treatments and three temperature treatments (8, 14 and 20 degrees C). Wider circulus spacing and faster deposition was associated with faster growth. For the same growth rate, however, circulus spacing was two-fold wider and deposited 36% less frequently in the cold compared to the hot temperature treatment. In a multiple linear regression, median circulus spacing and water temperature accounted for 68% of the variation in observed O. mykiss growth. These results corroborate previous research on scale characteristics and growth, while providing novel evidence that highlights the importance of water temperature in these relationships. Thus, this study establishes the utility of using scale analysis as a relatively non-invasive method for inferring growth in salmonids. (C) 2013 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 [Beakes, M. P.; Sharron, S.; Charish, R.; Moore, J. W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Beakes, M. P.; Satterthwaite, W. H.; Mangel, M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Satterthwaite, W. H.; Sturm, E.; Wells, B. K.; Sogard, S. M.] NOAA Fisheries, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Mangel, M.] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, N-9020 Bergen, Norway. RP Beakes, MP (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM mbeakes@sfu.ca FU CALFED Science Program under Science Program [SCI-05-140, U-05-SC-40]; Center for Stock Assessment Research for conclusion; NSF [EF-0924195] FX This material is based upon work partially supported by CALFED Science Program under Science Program Project No. SCI-05-140 to M. M., S. S. and R. Titus under grant agreement number U-05-SC-40, the Center for Stock Assessment Research for conclusion, and NSF grant EF-0924195. We thank the University of California Santa Cruz, Center for Stock Assessment Research Laboratory, Simon Fraser University, the Liber Ero Foundation, the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration South West Fisheries Science Center and employees therein for providing technical and logistic support. We thank B. Favaro, S. Allen and two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. We especially thank K. Brown with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for the research specimens and M. Hart at Simon Fraser University for the use of imaging equipment with which to conduct this experiment. NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 84 IS 1 BP 58 EP 72 DI 10.1111/jfb.12254 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285BH UT WOS:000329367100005 PM 24383800 ER PT J AU Petrick, N Kim, HJG Clunie, D Borradaile, K Ford, R Zeng, RP Gavrielides, MA McNitt-Gray, MF Lu, ZQJ Fenimore, C Zhao, BS Buckler, AJ AF Petrick, Nicholas Kim, Hyun J. Grace Clunie, David Borradaile, Kristin Ford, Robert Zeng, Rongping Gavrielides, Marios A. McNitt-Gray, Michael F. Lu, Z. Q. John Fenimore, Charles Zhao, Binsheng Buckler, Andrew J. TI Comparison of 1D, 2D, and 3D Nodule Sizing Methods by Radiologists for Spherical and Complex Nodules on Thoracic CT Phantom Images SO ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Computer tomography; lung nodules; phantom study; volumetric tumor measurement ID LUNG-CANCER; PULMONARY NODULES; COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR RESPONSE; 7TH EDITION; VOLUME; SEGMENTATION; BIOMARKER; SCANS AB Rationale and Objectives: To estimate and statistically compare the bias and variance of radiologists measuring the size of spherical and complex synthetic nodules. Materials and Methods: This study did not require the institutional review board approval. Six radiologists estimated the size of 10 synthetic nodules embedded within an anthropomorphic thorax phantom from computed tomography scans at 0.8- and 5-mm slice thicknesses. The readers measured the nodule size using unidimensional (1D) longest in-slice dimension, bidimensional (2D) area from longest in-slice and longest perpendicular dimension, and three-dimensional pp) semiautomated volume. lntercomparisons of bias (difference between average and true size) and variance among methods were performed after converting the 2D and 3D estimates to a compatible 1D scale. Results: The relative biases of radiologists with the 3D tool were -1.8%, -0.4%, -0.7%, -0.4%, and -1.6% for 10-mm spherical, 20-mm spherical, 20-mm elliptical, 10-mm lobulated, and 10-mm spiculated nodules compared to 1.4%, -0.1%, -26.5%, -7.8%, and -39.8% for 1D. The three-dimensional measurements were significantly less biased than 1D for elliptical, lobulated, and spiculated nodules. The relative standard deviations for 3D were 7.5%, 3.9%, 3.6%, 9.7%, and 8.3% compared to 5.7%, 2.6%, 20.3%, 5.3%, and 16.4% for 1D. Unidimensional sizing was significantly less variable than 3D for the lobulated nodule and significantly more variable for the ellipsoid and spiculated nodules. Three-dimensional bias and variability were smaller for thin 0.8-mm slice data compared to thick 5.0-mm data. Conclusions: The study shows that radiologist-controlled 3D volumetric lesion sizing can not only achieve smaller bias but also achieve similar or smaller variability compared to 1D sizing, especially for complex lesion shapes. C1 [Petrick, Nicholas; Zeng, Rongping; Gavrielides, Marios A.] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Kim, Hyun J. Grace; McNitt-Gray, Michael F.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Radiol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kim, Hyun J. Grace] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Fielding Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Clunie, David; Borradaile, Kristin] CoreLab Partners Inc, Princeton, NJ USA. [Ford, Robert] Clin Trials Imaging Consulting LLC, Belle Mead, NJ USA. [Lu, Z. Q. John; Fenimore, Charles] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Binsheng] Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Radiol, New York, NY USA. [Buckler, Andrew J.] Elucid Bioimaging Inc, Wenham, MA USA. RP Petrick, N (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, WO62-4118,10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. EM nicholas.petrick@fda.hhs.gov RI Clunie, David/Q-2777-2015; OI Clunie, David/0000-0002-2406-1145; Buckler, Andrew/0000-0002-0786-4835; McNItt-Gray, Michael/0000-0003-3004-4613 FU U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Cancer Institute through IAG [224-07-6030]; Center for Interventional Oncology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH); NIH; FDA FX The phantom data collection was funded though a Critical Path grant from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The intramural research program of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, the National Cancer Institute through IAG no. 224-07-6030, the Center for Interventional Oncology at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and an Interagency Agreement between the NIH and the FDA also provided partial support for this project. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1076-6332 EI 1878-4046 J9 ACAD RADIOL JI Acad. Radiol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.acra.2013.09.020 PG 11 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 280HI UT WOS:000329018900005 PM 24331262 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Moosmuller, H McMeeking, GR Chakrabarty, RK Baumgardner, D AF Lack, Daniel A. Moosmueller, Hans McMeeking, Gavin R. Chakrabarty, Rajan K. Baumgardner, Darrel TI Characterizing elemental, equivalent black, and refractory black carbon aerosol particles: a review of techniques, their limitations and uncertainties SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE Aerosols; Particulates; Chemical sensors; Optical sensors; Thermal methods ID LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; LIGHT-ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; OPTICAL HETERODYNE SPECTROSCOPY; FOLDED JAMIN INTERFEROMETER; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; ATTENUATION CROSS-SECTION; FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; SOOT VOLUME FRACTION; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS AB Elemental-, equivalent black- and refractory black-carbon are terms that have been defined in order to dissect the more general term, black carbon, into its component parts related to its specific chemical and optical properties and its impact on climate and health. Recent publications have attempted to clarify the meaning of these terms with respect to their environmental impact, particularly on climate. Here, we focus on the measurement aspects, reviewing the most commonly implemented techniques for the direct and indirect derivation of black carbon properties, their strengths, limitations, and uncertainties, and provide a non-exhaustive bibliography where the reader can find more detailed information. This review paper is designed as a guide for those wishing to learn about the current state of black carbon measurement instrumentation, how calibration is carried out, when one instrument may have the advantage over another, and where new techniques are needed to fill important knowledge gaps. C1 [Lack, Daniel A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Moosmueller, Hans; Chakrabarty, Rajan K.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [McMeeking, Gavin R.; Baumgardner, Darrel] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Baumgardner, D (reprint author), Droplet Measurement Technol, 2545 Cent Ave, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM darrel.baumgardner@gmail.com RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Moosmuller, Hans/0000-0002-1021-8877 FU NOAA Climate Program Office; NASA EPSCoR [NNX10AR89A]; NASA ROSES [NNX11AB79G]; National Science Foundation [AGS-1040046]; US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program FX D.A.L. is funded through the NOAA Climate Program Office. The work of H. M. and R. C. has been supported by NASA EPSCoR under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX10AR89A, NASA ROSES under grant no. NNX11AB79G, the National Science Foundation under grant no. AGS-1040046, and the US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program. NR 258 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 14 U2 97 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 406 IS 1 BP 99 EP 122 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7402-3 PG 24 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 281IC UT WOS:000329092900014 PM 24297322 ER PT J AU Gray, JL Kanagy, LK Furlong, ET Kanagy, CJ McCoy, JW Mason, A Lauenstein, G AF Gray, James L. Kanagy, Leslie K. Furlong, Edward T. Kanagy, Chris J. McCoy, Jeff W. Mason, Andrew Lauenstein, Gunnar TI Presence of the Corexit component dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate in Gulf of Mexico waters after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon; Corexit; Dioctylsulfosuccinate; Dispersant; Isotope dilution; LC/MS/MS ID CRUDE-OIL; DISPERSANTS AB Between April 22 and July 15, 2010, approximately 4.9 million barrels of oil were released into the Gulf of Mexico from the Deepwater Horizon oil well. Approximately 16% of the oil was chemically dispersed, at the surface and at 1500 m depth, using Corexit 9527 and Corexit 9500, which contain dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS) as a major surfactant component. This was the largest documented release of oil in history at substantial depth, and the first time large quantities of dispersant (0.77 million gallons of approximately 1.9 million gallons total) were applied to a subsurface oil plume. During two cruises in late May and early June, water samples were collected at the surface and at depth for DOSS analysis. Real-time fluorimetry data was used to infer the presence of oil components to select appropriate sampling depths. Samples were stored frozen and in the dark for approximately 6 months prior to analysis by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with isotope-dilution quantification. The blank-limited method detection limit (0.25 mu g L-1) was substantially less than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) aquatic life benchmark of 40 mu g L-1. Concentrations of DOSS exceeding 200 mu g L-1 were observed in one surface sample near the well site; in subsurface samples DOSS did not exceed 40 mu g L-1. Although DOSS was present at high concentration in the immediate vicinity of the well where it was being continuously applied, a combination of biodegradation, photolysis, and dilution likely reduced persistence at concentrations exceeding the USEPA aquatic life benchmark beyond this immediate area. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gray, James L.; Kanagy, Leslie K.; Furlong, Edward T.; Kanagy, Chris J.; McCoy, Jeff W.] US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Mason, Andrew; Lauenstein, Gunnar] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Gray, JL (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Water Qual Lab, Denver Fed Ctr, POB 25585, Denver, CO 80225 USA. EM jlgray@usgs.gov; lkkanagy@usgs.gov; efurlong@usgs.gov; ckanagy@usgs.gov; jefmccoy@usgs.-gov; andrew.mason@noaa.gov; gunnar.lauenstein@noaa.-gov FU U.S. Coast Guard FX The authors would like to thank Doug Latch of Seattle University, who provided a technical review of this manuscript; and Donna Myers and Franceska Wilde, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), for program coordination. Greg Swayze and Geoff Plumlee of the USGS provided helpful discussions regarding location and thickness of surface oil sheens. Funding was provided by the U.S. Coast Guard through the Pollution Removal Funding Authorization. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 87 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 EI 1879-1298 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD JAN PY 2014 VL 95 BP 124 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.049 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278DD UT WOS:000328868400018 PM 24050713 ER PT J AU Day, RD Becker, PR Donard, OFX Pugh, RS Wise, SA AF Day, Rusty D. Becker, Paul R. Donard, Olivier F. X. Pugh, Rebecca S. Wise, Stephen A. TI Environmental specimen banks as a resource for mercury and mercury isotope research in marine ecosystems SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; GUILLEMOT URIA-AALGE; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; HERRING GULL EGGS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; MULTIVARIATE DATA-ANALYSIS; LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; ABRAMIS-BRAMA L. AB Environmental specimen banks (ESBs) have been a fundamental tool for many nations to monitor contaminant temporal and spatial trends, study fate and transport, and assess the severity and risks of pollution. The specimens archived in ESBs are among the longest time-series, most geographically robust, and highest integrity samples available for performing environmental research. Mercury (Hg) remains one of the world's most ubiquitous environmental contaminants, and ESBs have played a prominent role in Hg research. Historically this has involved measuring concentrations of Hg species in various environmental matrices, but the emerging field of Hg stable isotope research provides a new analytical approach that can augment these traditional techniques. Signatures of Hg isotope fractionation have been effectively used for source apportionment and for elucidating Hg biogeochemical cycling. As the research surrounding Hg stable isotopes continues to mature, ESBs can play a useful role in analytical quality control, provide a robust and economical sample archive to expand and diversify the inventory of Hg isotope measurements, and be used to develop and test hypotheses to evaluate whether broadly prevailing paradigms are supported. Samples archived in ESBs are available for request by external collaborators in order to perform high impact research, and should be utilized more effectively to address emerging global environmental concerns. C1 [Day, Rusty D.; Becker, Paul R.; Pugh, Rebecca S.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Day, Rusty D.; Donard, Olivier F. X.] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS UMR 5254, Equipe Chim Analyt BioInorgan & Environm, Inst Pluridisciplinaire Rech Environm & Mat, F-64053 Pau, France. [Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Day, RD (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM russell.day@nist.gov NR 156 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7887 EI 2050-7895 J9 ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP JI Environ. Sci.-Process Impacts PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 10 EP 27 DI 10.1039/c3em00261f PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 278JX UT WOS:000328887700002 PM 24166047 ER PT J AU Weber, KP Petersen, EJ Bissegger, S Koch, I Zhang, J Reimer, KJ Rehmann, L Slawson, RM Legge, RL O'Carroll, DM AF Weber, Kela P. Petersen, Elijah J. Bissegger, Sonja Koch, Iris Zhang, Jun Reimer, Kenneth J. Rehmann, Lars Slawson, Robin M. Legge, Raymond L. O'Carroll, Denis M. TI EFFECT OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND CIPROFLOXACIN ON MICROBIAL CATABOLISM: A COMMUNITY-BASED APPROACH SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ecotoxicology; Emerging contaminants; Microbial community; Nano-gold; Ciprofloxacin ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; WETLAND MESOCOSMS; CARBON NANOTUBES; SOIL; SUSPENSIONS; ORGANISMS; SUBSTRATE; TOXICITY; EXPOSURE; BACTERIA AB The effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and ciprofloxacin on the catabolism of microbial communities was assessed. This was accomplished through an ex situ methodology designed to give a priori knowledge on the potential for nanoparticles, or other emerging contaminants, to affect the catabolic capabilities of microbial communities in the environment. Microbial communities from a variety of sources were incubated with 31 prespecified carbon sources and either National Institute of Standards and Technology reference material 10-nm AuNPs or ciprofloxacin on 96-well microtiter plates. From the ciprofloxacin study, dose-response curves were generated and exemplified how this method can be used to assess the effect of a toxicant on overall catabolic capabilities of microbial communities. With 10-nm AuNPs at concentrations ranging from 0.01 mu g/mL to 0.5 mu g/mL, rhizosphere communities from Typha roots were only slightly catabolically inhibited at a single concentration (0.05 mu g/mL); no effects were seen on wetland water communities, and a minor positive (i.e., enhanced catabolic capabilities) effect was observed for loamy soil communities. This positive effect might have been because of a thin layer of citrate found on these AuNPs that initiated cometabolism with some of the carbon sources studied. Under the conditions considered, the possible adverse effects of AuNPs on the catabolic capabilities of microbial communities appears to be minimal. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;33:44-51. (c) 2013 SETAC C1 [Weber, Kela P.; Bissegger, Sonja; Koch, Iris; Zhang, Jun; Reimer, Kenneth J.] Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rehmann, Lars] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada. [Slawson, Robin M.] Wilfrid Laurier Univ, Dept Biol, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. [Legge, Raymond L.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem Engn, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [O'Carroll, Denis M.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, London, ON, Canada. [O'Carroll, Denis M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Water Res Lab, Manly Vale, NSW, Australia. RP Weber, KP (reprint author), Royal Mil Coll Canada, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Kingston, ON, Canada. EM kela.weber@rmc.ca RI Arumugam, Thirumagal/C-3408-2014; Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Rehmann, Lars/H-2703-2014; OI Rehmann, Lars/0000-0003-3463-6405; O'Carroll, Denis/0000-0001-6557-226X FU Ontario Research Fund; Centre for Control of Emerging Contaminants; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council FX Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The authors express their appreciation for funding of this work to Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council in the form of Discovery Grants to K.P. Weber, K.J. Reimer, L. Rehmann, R.L. Legge and D.M. O'Carroll. Additional support from Ontario Research Fund by way of funding to the Centre for Control of Emerging Contaminants to R.M. Slawson and R.L. Legge is gratefully acknowledged. V. Reipa is thanked for assistance with dynamic light scattering measurements. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 46 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1002/etc.2412 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 274HQ UT WOS:000328597800008 PM 24123260 ER PT J AU Leite, MS Abashin, M Lezec, HJ Gianfrancesco, AG Talin, AA Zhitenev, NB AF Leite, Marina S. Abashin, Maxim Lezec, Henri J. Gianfrancesco, Anthony G. Talin, A. Alec Zhitenev, Nikolai B. TI Mapping the Local Photoelectronic Properties of Polycrystalline Solar Cells Through High Resolution Laser-Beam-Induced Current Microscopy SO IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS LA English DT Article DE Cadmium compounds; current measurement; grain boundaries (GBs); photovoltaic (PV) cells; scanning probe microscopy; thin-film devices; wavelength measurement ID FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON-BEAM; DIFFUSION; DEVICES AB To boost the efficiency of thin-film polycrystalline solar cells that are microscopically inhomogeneous, it is imperative to understand how the grain interiors (GIs) and grain boundaries (GBs) within these materials affect its overall electronic properties. By using an apertured near-field scanning optical microscope in an illumination mode, we determined the local photocurrent that is generated within the GIs and at the GBs with nanoscale resolution and correlate the results with surface morphology and composition. C1 [Leite, Marina S.; Abashin, Maxim; Lezec, Henri J.; Gianfrancesco, Anthony G.; Talin, A. Alec; Zhitenev, Nikolai B.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leite, Marina S.; Abashin, Maxim] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Leite, MS (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mleite@umd.edu; maxim.abashin@nist.gov; henri.lezec@nist.gov; anthony.gianfrancesco@nist.gov; aatalin@sandia.gov; nikolai.zhitenev@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 FU U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors would like to thank A. Band, A. Centrone, M. Davanco, B. Hamadani, P. Haney, G. Holland, T. Landin, J. Munday, K. Srinivasan, J. Schumacher, H. Yoon, and all the CNST NanoFab staff. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 23 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 2156-3381 J9 IEEE J PHOTOVOLT JI IEEE J. Photovolt. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 311 EP 316 DI 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2013.2284860 PG 6 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Physics GA 280NZ UT WOS:000329038800048 ER PT J AU Ghysels, M Gomez, L Cousin, J Tran, H Amarouche, N Engel, A Levin, I Durry, G AF Ghysels, M. Gomez, L. Cousin, J. Tran, H. Amarouche, N. Engel, A. Levin, I. Durry, G. TI Temperature dependences of air-broadening, air-narrowing and line-mixing coefficients of the methane nu(3) R(6) manifold lines-Application to in-situ measurements of atmospheric methane SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Spectroscopy; Methane; Temperature dependence; Balloon-borne; Spectrometer ID BAND Q-BRANCH; SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; MULTISPECTRUM FITS; CH4; N-2; AR; STRATOSPHERE; RETRIEVALS; PARAMETERS; SPECTRA AB In this work, we have revisited the spectroscopy of the R(6) manifold of the nu(3) band of methane which is particularly suitable for in situ laser monitoring of CH4. For that purpose, a home-made Difference Frequency Generation (DFG) laser emitting at 3.24 mu m has been coupled to a cryogenically-cooled optical cell to investigate the temperature dependences of the air-broadening, the air-narrowing and the air-mixing coefficients of these nu(3) R(6) manifold transitions. The temperatures of the measurements range from 213.5 K to room temperature. These are typically the temperatures found in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere. Finally, the measured spectroscopic parameters have been used to process the in-situ methane absorption spectra recorded by a balloon-borne laser diode spectrometer. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ghysels, M.; Cousin, J.; Durry, G.] CNR5, URM 7331, UFR Sci Exactes & Nat, Grp Spectrometr Mol & Atmospher, F-51687 Reims, France. [Gomez, L.] INTA, Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial Esteban Terradas, Area Invest & Instrumentac Atmosfer, Madrid 28850, Spain. [Tran, H.] Univ Paris Diderot, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, CNR5 UMR 7583,Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Levin, I.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Amarouche, N.] Inst Natl Sci Univers, Div Tech, F-92195 Meudon, France. RP Ghysels, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM melanie.ghysels@nist.gov; julien.cousin@univ-reims.fr; georges.durry@univ-reims.fr; gomezml@inta.es; ha.tran@lisa.u-pec.fr; an.engel@iau.uni-frankfurt.de; Ingeborg.Levin@iup.uni-heidelberg.de; amarouche@dt.insu.cnrs.fr RI Tran, Ha/I-5076-2013; Gomez, Laura/I-9272-2014; Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014 OI Gomez, Laura/0000-0002-6655-7659; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935 FU CNRS; CNES; Region Champagne-Ardenne FX We thank the CNES balloon department for its involvement in the test-flight. We thank Jean-Christophe Samake, Fabien Frerot, Louis Rey Grange, Christophe Berthod (DT-INSU (CNRS)) and Patrick Poinsignon (LATMOS) for the balloon-borne sensor development. The work described in this paper was supported by the CNRS, the CNES and the Region Champagne-Ardenne. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 133 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.08.003 PG 11 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 278DH UT WOS:000328868800015 ER PT J AU Rios-Berrios, R Vukicevic, T Tang, B AF Rios-Berrios, Rosimar Vukicevic, Tomislava Tang, Brian TI Adopting Model Uncertainties for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Prediction SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Hurricanes; Tropical cyclones; Inverse methods; Optimization ID BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATIONS; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; SENSITIVITY; STATE AB Quantifying and reducing the uncertainty of model parameterizations using observations is evaluated for tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction. This is accomplished using a nonlinear inverse modeling technique that produces a joint probability density function (PDF) for a set of parameters. The dependence of estimated parameter values and associated uncertainty on two types of observable quantities is analyzed using an axisymmetric hurricane model. When the observation is only the maximum tangential wind speed, the joint PDF of parameter estimates has large variance and is multimodal. When the full kinematic field within the inner core of the TC is used for the observations, however, the joint parameter estimates are well constrained. These results suggest that model parameterizations may not be optimized using the maximum wind speed. Instead, the optimization should be based on observations of the TC structure to improve the intensity forecasts. C1 [Rios-Berrios, Rosimar; Tang, Brian] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Vukicevic, Tomislava] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Rios-Berrios, R (reprint author), SUNY Albany, DAES-ES 325,1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM rrios-berrios@albany.edu RI Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Rios-Berrios, Rosimar/Q-8374-2016 OI Rios-Berrios, Rosimar/0000-0002-8902-1048 FU American Meteorological Society FX This research was conducted under the auspices of the Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science (SOARS) Program, which is managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. The first author was also funded by the American Meteorological Society-Lockheed Martin Graduate Fellowship. Special thanks are given to Ryan Torn, Marcus van Lier Walqui, and Paul Reasor for their valuable contributions to this study. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 72 EP 78 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00186.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200004 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Jiang, Y Liu, LP AF Xu, Qin Jiang, Yuan Liu, Liping TI Fitting Parametric Vortices to Aliased Doppler Velocities Scanned from Hurricanes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Data quality control; Kinematics; Radars; Radar observations; Variational analysis ID DATA QUALITY-CONTROL; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; KINEMATIC STRUCTURE; DEALIASING METHOD; GBVTD TECHNIQUE; PART II; WIND; RETRIEVAL; VORTEX; SIGNATURES AB An alias-robust least squares method that produces less errors than established methods is developed to produce reference radial velocities for automatically correcting raw aliased Doppler velocities scanned from hurricanes. This method estimates the maximum tangential velocity V-M and its radial distance R-M from the hurricane vortex center by fitting a parametric vortex model directly to raw aliased velocities at and around each selected vertical level. In this method, aliasing-caused zigzag discontinuities in the relationship between the observed and true radial velocities are formulated into the cost function by applying an alias operator to the entire analysis-minus-observation term to ensure the cost function to be smooth and concave around the global minimum. Simulated radar velocity observations are used to examine the cost function geometry around the global minimum in the space of control parameters (V-M, R-M). The results show that the global minimum point can estimate the true (V-M, R-M) approximately if the hurricane vortex center location is approximately known and the hurricane core and vicinity areas are adequately covered by the radar scans, and the global minimum can be found accurately by an efficient descent algorithm as long as the initial guess is in the concave vicinity of the global minimum. The method is used with elaborated refinements for automated dealiasing, and this utility is highlighted by an example applied to severely aliased radial velocities scanned from a hurricane. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Jiang, Yuan] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Jiang, Yuan; Liu, Liping] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Yuan] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU ONR [N000141010778]; NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175038] FX The authors are thankful to Vincent Wood of NSSL and anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the paper; to Yi Jin of NRL Monterey, California, for providing the COAMPS-simulated Hurricane Katrina wind field; to Mingjun Wang and Ming Xue of the University of Oklahoma (OU) for providing the GrVTD-retrieved Hurricane Irene vortex winds; and to Li Wei and Kang Nai of OU for their help processing the data. The research was supported by the ONR Grant N000141010778 to OU. Funding was also provided by NOAA/OAR under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce, and by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Basic Scientific and Operational Project and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 41175038. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 94 EP 106 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00362.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200006 ER PT J AU Jones, TA Otkin, JA Stensrud, DJ Knopfmeier, K AF Jones, Thomas A. Otkin, Jason A. Stensrud, David J. Knopfmeier, Kent TI Forecast Evaluation of an Observing System Simulation Experiment Assimilating Both Radar and Satellite Data SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Clouds; Ensembles; Mesoscale models; Model comparison; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; MULTICASE COMPARATIVE-ASSESSMENT; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; PART I; CONVECTIVE-SCALE; INFRARED RADIANCES; DOPPLER RADARS; ECMWF 4D-VAR; IMPACT AB In the first part of this study, Jones et al. compared the relative skill of assimilating simulated radar reflectivity and radial velocity observations and satellite 6.95-m brightness temperatures T-B and found that both improved analyses of water vapor and cloud hydrometeor variables for a cool-season, high-impact weather event across the central United States. In this study, the authors examine the impact of the observations on 1-3-h forecasts and provide additional analysis of the relationship between simulated satellite and radar data observations to various water vapor and cloud hydrometeor variables. Correlation statistics showed that the radar and satellite observations are sensitive to different variables. Assimilating 6.95-m T-B primarily improved the atmospheric water vapor and frozen cloud hydrometeor variables such as ice and snow. Radar reflectivity proved more effective in both the lower and midtroposphere with the best results observed for rainwater, graupel, and snow. The impacts of assimilating both datasets decrease rapidly as a function of forecast time. By 1 h, the effects of satellite data become small on forecast cloud hydrometeor values, though it remains useful for atmospheric water vapor. The impacts of radar data last somewhat longer, sometimes up to 3 h, but also display a large decrease in effectiveness by 1 h. Generally, assimilating both satellite and radar data simultaneously generates the best analysis and forecast for most cloud hydrometeor variables. C1 [Jones, Thomas A.; Stensrud, David J.; Knopfmeier, Kent] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Otkin, Jason A.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Jones, TA (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM thomas.jones@noaa.gov RI Otkin, Jason/D-1737-2012 OI Otkin, Jason/0000-0003-4034-7845 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013]; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS); National Science Foundation [OCI-1053575] FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA10NES4400013 as well as NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under the NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. Additional support was provided by the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS). The assimilation experiments were performed using the NOAA/NESDIS/STAR "S4'' supercomputer located at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the "ranger'' supercomputer located at the Texas Advanced Computing Center. Ranger is part of the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) network that is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCI-1053575. NR 57 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 107 EP 124 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00151.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200007 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Gao, JD Ziegler, CL Mansell, ER MacGorman, DR Dembek, SR AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Gao, Jidong Ziegler, Conrad L. Mansell, Edward R. MacGorman, Donald R. Dembek, Scott R. TI Evaluation of a Cloud-Scale Lightning Data Assimilation Technique and a 3DVAR Method for the Analysis and Short-Term Forecast of the 29 June 2012 Derecho Event SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Cloud resolving models; Data assimilation; Mesoscale models; Model errors; Model evaluation; performance; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; LEVEL-II DATA; PART II; TORNADIC THUNDERSTORMS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; DENSITY CURRENTS AB This work evaluates the short-term forecast (6 h) of the 29-30 June 2012 derecho event from the Advanced Research core of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-ARW) when using two distinct data assimilation techniques at cloud-resolving scales (3-km horizontal grid). The first technique assimilates total lightning data using a smooth nudging function. The second method is a three-dimensional variational technique (3DVAR) that assimilates radar reflectivity and radial velocity data. A suite of sensitivity experiments revealed that the lightning assimilation was better able to capture the placement and intensity of the derecho up to 6 h of the forecast. All the simulations employing 3DVAR, however, best represented the storm's radar reflectivity structure at the analysis time. Detailed analysis revealed that a small feature in the velocity field from one of the six selected radars in the original 3DVAR experiment led to the development of spurious convection ahead of the parent mesoscale convective system, which significantly degraded the forecast. Thus, the relatively simple nudging scheme using lightning data complements the more complex variational technique. The much lower computational cost of the lightning scheme may permit its use alongside variational techniques in improving severe weather forecasts on days favorable for the development of outflow-dominated mesoscale convective systems. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.; Dembek, Scott R.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gao, Jidong; Ziegler, Conrad L.; Mansell, Edward R.; MacGorman, Donald R.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, CIMMS, Ste 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alex.fierro@noaa.gov RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014; OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255; MacGorman, Donald/0000-0002-2395-8196 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce [NOAA-NESDIS-OAR-NA08OAR4320904] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the efforts of three anonymous formal reviewers, whose comments and suggestions helped to improve the revised manuscript. The authors also thank Ami Arthur for providing the NSSL three-dimensional NMQ radar mosaic data, and are also grateful to Kevin Manross, Travis Smith, and Christopher Riedel for providing the RAP analysis data. Thanks also go out to Bill Callahan, Benny Chukrun, Stan Heckman, and Jim Anderson from Earth Networks for providing the total lightning data. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was further supported by the NESDIS program, which operates under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce under the Grant NOAA-NESDIS-OAR-NA08OAR4320904. Computer resources were provided by the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) hosted at the University of Oklahoma. NR 90 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 183 EP 202 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00142.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200011 ER PT J AU van Lier-Walqui, M Vukicevic, T Posselt, DJ AF van Lier-Walqui, Marcus Vukicevic, Tomislava Posselt, Derek J. TI Linearization of Microphysical Parameterization Uncertainty Using Multiplicative Process Perturbation Parameters SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; Bias; Inverse methods; Probability forecasts; models; distribution; Cloud parameterizations; Data assimilation ID DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL; SIMULATIONS; SYSTEMS; IMPACT AB Recent studies have shown the importance of accounting for model physics uncertainty within probabilistic forecasts. Attempts have been made at quantifying this uncertainty in terms of microphysical parameters such as fall speed coefficients, moments of hydrometeor particle size distributions, and hydrometeor densities. It has been found that uncertainty in terms of these traditional microphysical parameters is highly non-Gaussian, calling into question the possibility of estimating and propagating this error using Gaussian statistical techniques such as ensemble Kalman methods. Here, a new choice of uncertain control variables is proposed that instead considers uncertainty in individual modeled microphysical processes. These process parameters are multiplicative perturbations on contributions of individual modeled microphysical processes to hydrometeor time tendency. The new process parameters provide a natural and appealing choice for the quantification of aleatory microphysical parameterization uncertainty. Results of a nonlinear Monte Carlo parameter estimation experiment for these new process parameters are presented and compared with the results using traditional microphysical parameters as uncertain control variables. Both experiments occur within the context of an idealized one-dimensional simulation of moist convection, under the observational constraint of simulated radar reflectivity. Results indicate that the new process parameters have a more Gaussian character compared with traditional microphysical parameters, likely due to a more linear control on observable model evolution. In addition, posterior forecast distributions using the new control variables (process parameters) are shown to have less bias and variance. These results strongly recommend the use of the new process parameters for an ensemble Kalman-based estimation of microphysical parameterization uncertainty. C1 [van Lier-Walqui, Marcus] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33130 USA. [Vukicevic, Tomislava] NOAA AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. [Posselt, Derek J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP van Lier-Walqui, M (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33130 USA. EM mvanlier-walqui@rsmas.miami.edu RI Vukicevic, Tomislava/B-1386-2014; Posselt, Derek/I-4912-2012 OI Posselt, Derek/0000-0002-5670-5822 FU NSF [AGS-1019184]; NASA [NNX09AJ43G, NNX09AJ46G]; Office of Naval Research [N00173-10-1-G035] FX M. van Lier-Walqui was supported by NSF Grant AGS-1019184. D. Posselt was supported by NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Grants NNX09AJ43G and NNX09AJ46G, as well as Office of Naval Research Grant N00173-10-1-G035. NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 142 IS 1 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00076.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 282UX UT WOS:000329200200023 ER PT J AU Stan, G Solares, SD Pittenger, B Erina, N Su, CM AF Stan, Gheorghe Solares, Santiago D. Pittenger, Bede Erina, Natalia Su, Chanmin TI Nanoscale mechanics by tomographic contact resonance atomic force microscopy SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; ADHESIVE CONTACT; SURFACE; LOAD; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; STIFFNESS; SAMPLES; MODEL; TIPS AB We report on quantifiable depth-dependent contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) measurements over polystyrene-polypropylene (PS-PP) blends to detail surface and sub-surface features in terms of elastic modulus and mechanical dissipation. The depth-dependences of the measured parameters were analyzed to generate cross-sectional images of tomographic reconstructions. Through a suitable normalization of the measured contact stiffness and indentation depth, the depth-dependence of the contact stiffness was analyzed by linear fits to obtain the elastic moduli of the materials probed. Besides elastic moduli, the contributions of adhesive forces (short-range versus long-range) to contact on each material were determined without a priori assumptions. The adhesion analysis was complemented by an unambiguous identification of distinct viscous responses during adhesion and in-contact deformation from the dissipated power during indentation. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe; Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pittenger, Bede; Erina, Natalia; Su, Chanmin] Bruker Nano Inc, AFM Business Unit, Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 42 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 31 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2014 VL 6 IS 2 BP 962 EP 969 DI 10.1039/c3nr04981g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 278LR UT WOS:000328892300045 PM 24287978 ER PT J AU Yim, HS Cho, YS Guang, XM Kang, SG Jeong, JY Cha, SS Oh, HM Lee, JH Yang, EC Kwon, KK Kim, YJ Kim, TW Kim, W Jeon, JH Kim, SJ Choi, DH Jho, S Kim, HM Ko, J Kim, H Shin, YA Jung, HJ Zheng, Y Wang, Z Chen, Y Chen, M Jiang, AW Li, EL Zhang, S Hou, HL Kim, TH Yu, LL Liu, S Ahn, K Cooper, J Park, SG Hong, CP Jin, W Kim, HS Park, C Lee, K Chun, S Morin, PA O'Brien, SJ Lee, H Kimura, J Moon, DY Manica, A Edwards, J Kim, BC Kim, S Wang, J Bhak, J Lee, HS Lee, JH AF Yim, Hyung-Soon Cho, Yun Sung Guang, Xuanmin Kang, Sung Gyun Jeong, Jae-Yeon Cha, Sun-Shin Oh, Hyun-Myung Lee, Jae-Hak Yang, Eun Chan Kwon, Kae Kyoung Kim, Yun Jae Kim, Tae Wan Kim, Wonduck Jeon, Jeong Ho Kim, Sang-Jin Choi, Dong Han Jho, Sungwoong Kim, Hak-Min Ko, Junsu Kim, Hyunmin Shin, Young-Ah Jung, Hyun-Ju Zheng, Yuan Wang, Zhuo Chen, Yan Chen, Ming Jiang, Awei Li, Erli Zhang, Shu Hou, Haolong Kim, Tae Hyung Yu, Lili Liu, Sha Ahn, Kung Cooper, Jesse Park, Sin-Gi Hong, Chang Pyo Jin, Wook Kim, Heui-Soo Park, Chankyu Lee, Kyooyeol Chun, Sung Morin, Phillip A. O'Brien, Stephen J. Lee, Hang Kimura, Jumpei Moon, Dae Yeon Manica, Andrea Edwards, Jeremy Kim, Byung Chul Kim, Sangsoo Wang, Jun Bhak, Jong Lee, Hyun Sook Lee, Jung-Hyun TI Minke whale genome and aquatic adaptation in cetaceans SO NATURE GENETICS LA English DT Article ID RNA-SEQ; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; PROTEIN FAMILIES; DATABASE; SEQUENCES; ALIGNMENT; GENES; IDENTIFICATION; STRESS AB The shift from terrestrial to aquatic life by whales was a substantial evolutionary event. Here we report the whole-genome sequencing and de novo assembly of the minke whale genome, as well as the whole-genome sequences of three minke whales, a fin whale, a bottlenose dolphin and a finless porpoise. Our comparative genomic analysis identified an expansion in the whale lineage of gene families associated with stress-responsive proteins and anaerobic metabolism, whereas gene families related to body hair and sensory receptors were contracted. Our analysis also identified whale-specific mutations in genes encoding antioxidants and enzymes controlling blood pressure and salt concentration. Overall the whale-genome sequences exhibited distinct features that are associated with the physiological and morphological changes needed for life in an aquatic environment, marked by resistance to physiological stresses caused by a lack of oxygen, increased amounts of reactive oxygen species and high salt levels. C1 [Yim, Hyung-Soon; Kang, Sung Gyun; Jeong, Jae-Yeon; Cha, Sun-Shin; Oh, Hyun-Myung; Lee, Jae-Hak; Yang, Eun Chan; Kwon, Kae Kyoung; Kim, Yun Jae; Kim, Tae Wan; Kim, Wonduck; Jeon, Jeong Ho; Kim, Sang-Jin; Choi, Dong Han; Lee, Hyun Sook; Lee, Jung-Hyun] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan, South Korea. [Cho, Yun Sung; Jho, Sungwoong; Kim, Hak-Min; Shin, Young-Ah; Kim, Byung Chul; Bhak, Jong] Genome Res Fdn, Personal Genom Inst, Suwon, South Korea. [Guang, Xuanmin; Zheng, Yuan; Wang, Zhuo; Chen, Yan; Chen, Ming; Jiang, Awei; Li, Erli; Zhang, Shu; Yu, Lili; Liu, Sha; Wang, Jun] BGI Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Kang, Sung Gyun; Jeong, Jae-Yeon; Cha, Sun-Shin; Kim, Sang-Jin; Lee, Hyun Sook; Lee, Jung-Hyun] Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Marine Biotechnol, Taejon, South Korea. [Cha, Sun-Shin] Korea Maritime Univ, Ocean Sci & Technol Sch, Pusan, South Korea. [Ko, Junsu; Kim, Hyunmin; Jung, Hyun-Ju; Kim, Tae Hyung; Ahn, Kung; Cooper, Jesse; Park, Sin-Gi; Hong, Chang Pyo; Bhak, Jong] TheragenEtex, Theragen BiO Inst, Suwon, South Korea. [Hou, Haolong] Shaanxi Yulin Energy Grp Co Ltd, Yulin, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. [Jin, Wook] Gachon Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Med, Inchon, South Korea. [Kim, Heui-Soo] Pusan Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Dept Biol Sci, Pusan, South Korea. [Park, Chankyu; Lee, Kyooyeol] Konkuk Univ, Dept Anim Biotechnol, Lab Genome Biol, Seoul, South Korea. [Chun, Sung] Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Genet, La Jolla, CA USA. [Chun, Sung] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. [Morin, Phillip A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [O'Brien, Stephen J.] St Petersburg State Univ, Theodosius Dobzhansky Ctr Genome Bioinformat, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Lee, Hang] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Seoul, South Korea. [Kimura, Jumpei] Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat & Cell Biol, Seoul, South Korea. [Moon, Dae Yeon] Minist Ocean & Fisheries, Marine Biodivers Inst Korea MABIK, Sejong, South Korea. [Manica, Andrea] Univ Cambridge, Dept Zool, Evolutionary Ecol Grp, Cambridge, England. [Edwards, Jeremy] Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Kim, Sangsoo] Soongsil Univ, Sch Syst Biomed Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Wang, Jun] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Wang, Jun] King Abdulaziz Univ, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Bhak, Jong] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Transdisciplinary Studies, Program Nano Sci & Technol, Suwon, South Korea. [Bhak, Jong] Adv Inst Convergence Technol Nano Sci & Technol, Suwon, South Korea. RP Lee, HS (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ansan, South Korea. EM jongbhak@genomics.org; jlee@kiost.ac RI Manica, Andrea/B-5497-2008; Chun, Sung/I-2212-2015; Wang, Jun/C-8434-2016; Kim, Hak-Min/G-6012-2016; Wang, Jun/B-9503-2016 OI Cho, Yun Sung/0000-0003-4490-8769; Manica, Andrea/0000-0003-1895-450X; Chun, Sung/0000-0003-3440-1913; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-8540-8931; Kim, Hak-Min/0000-0001-6066-2469; O'Brien, Stephen J./0000-0001-7353-8301; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-2113-5874 FU Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) in-house program, the Marine and Extreme Genome Research Center program of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea [PE98993]; Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program, Bioinformatics Platform Development for Next-Generation Bioinformation Analysis [10040231]; Russian Ministry of Science [11.G34.31.0068] FX No animals were killed or captured as a result of these studies. Samples of four minke whales and a finless porpoise for sequencing were acquired from the east coast of Korea after they were accidently killed and investigated by the maritime police. The sample from a bottlenose dolphin was obtained from Marine Park in Jeju Island, Korea. The fin whale sample was collected from a dead stranded fin whale by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC 134239) under US Marine Mammal Permit 14097-01, and the sample was transported internationally under a Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) permit. We thank C.-W. Kim (Marine Park Co., Ltd.) and Y.-R. An (Cetacean Research Institute) for the bottlenose dolphin and minke whale samples, respectively. We also thank M. Bhak for editing. We thank many people not listed as authors who provided feedback, samples and encouragement, especially the Cetacean Research Institute in Ulsan, Korea. This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) in-house program (PE98993), the Marine and Extreme Genome Research Center program of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. This work was also supported by the Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program 10040231, Bioinformatics Platform Development for Next-Generation Bioinformation Analysis. The Russian Ministry of Science supported S.J.O. (mega-grant 11.G34.31.0068). NR 73 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 20 U2 92 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1061-4036 EI 1546-1718 J9 NAT GENET JI Nature Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 46 IS 1 BP 88 EP + DI 10.1038/ng.2835 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 281PM UT WOS:000329113500019 PM 24270359 ER PT J AU Diddams, SA AF Diddams, Scott A. TI SPECTROSCOPY Combs grow bigger teeth SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM scott.diddams@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.1038/nphys2852 PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 279DJ UT WOS:000328940100005 ER PT J AU Danabasoglu, G Yeager, SG Bailey, D Behrens, E Bentsen, M Bi, D Biastoch, A Boning, C Bozec, A Canuto, VM Cassou, C Chassignet, E Coward, AC Danilov, S Diansky, N Drange, H Farneti, R Fernandez, E Fogli, PG Forget, G Fujii, Y Griffies, SM Gusev, A Heimbach, P Howard, A Jung, T Kelley, M Large, WG Leboissetier, A Lu, J Madec, G Marsland, SJ Masina, S Navarra, A Nurser, AJG Pirani, A Melia, DSY Samuels, BL Scheinert, M Sidorenko, D Treguier, AM Tsujino, H Uotila, P Valcke, S Voldoire, A Wangi, Q AF Danabasoglu, Gokhan Yeager, Steve G. Bailey, David Behrens, Erik Bentsen, Mats Bi, Daohua Biastoch, Arne Boening, Claus Bozec, Alexandra Canuto, Vittorio M. Cassou, Christophe Chassignet, Eric Coward, Andrew C. Danilov, Sergey Diansky, Nikolay Drange, Helge Farneti, Riccardo Fernandez, Elodie Fogli, Pier Giuseppe Forget, Gael Fujii, Yosuke Griffies, Stephen M. Gusev, Anatoly Heimbach, Patrick Howard, Armando Jung, Thomas Kelley, Maxwell Large, William G. Leboissetier, Anthony Lu, Jianhua Madec, Gurvan Marsland, Simon J. Masina, Simona Navarra, Antonio Nurser, A. J. George Pirani, Anna Salas y Melia, David Samuels, Bonita L. Scheinert, Markus Sidorenko, Dmitry Treguier, Anne-Marie Tsujino, Hiroyuki Uotila, Petteri Valcke, Sophie Voldoire, Aurore Wangi, Qiang TI North Atlantic simulations in Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments phase II (CORE-II). Part I: Mean states SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Global ocean-sea-ice modelling; Ocean model comparisons; Atmospheric forcing; Experimental design; Atlantic meridional overturning circulation; North Atlantic simulations ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; BOUNDARY-LAYER PARAMETERIZATION; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ANISOTROPIC HORIZONTAL VISCOSITY; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; FRESH-WATER DISCHARGE; HIGH-RESOLUTION MODEL; SEA-ICE; GLOBAL OCEAN; FREE-SURFACE AB Simulation characteristics from eighteen global ocean-sea-ice coupled models are presented with a focus on the mean Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and other related fields in the North Atlantic. These experiments use inter-annually varying atmospheric forcing data sets for the 60-year period from 1948 to 2007 and are performed as contributions to the second phase of the Coordinated Oceanice Reference Experiments (CORE-II). The protocol for conducting such CORE-II experiments is summarized. Despite using the same atmospheric forcing, the solutions show significant differences. As most models also differ from available observations, biases in the Labrador Sea region in upper-ocean potential temperature and salinity distributions, mixed layer depths, and sea-ice cover are identified as contributors to differences in AMOC. These differences in the solutions do not suggest an obvious grouping of the models based on their ocean model lineage, their vertical coordinate representations, or surface salinity restoring strengths. Thus, the solution differences among the models are attributed primarily to use of different subgrid scale parameterizations and parameter choices as well as to differences in vertical and horizontal grid resolutions in the ocean models. Use of a wide variety of sea-ice models with diverse snow and sea-ice albedo treatments also contributes to these differences. Based on the diagnostics considered, the majority of the models appear suitable for use in studies involving the North Atlantic, but some models require dedicated development effort. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Yeager, Steve G.; Bailey, David; Large, William G.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Behrens, Erik; Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Scheinert, Markus] GEOMAR, Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Bentsen, Mats] Uni Res Ltd, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Marsland, Simon J.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Australia. [Marsland, Simon J.] CSIRO, Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Australia. [Bozec, Alexandra; Chassignet, Eric; Lu, Jianhua] Florida State Univ, COAPS, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Canuto, Vittorio M.; Kelley, Maxwell; Leboissetier, Anthony] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Cassou, Christophe; Fernandez, Elodie] CERFACS, Toulouse, France. [Coward, Andrew C.; Nurser, A. J. George] NOCS, Southampton, Hants, England. [Danilov, Sergey; Jung, Thomas; Sidorenko, Dmitry; Wangi, Qiang] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res AWI, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Diansky, Nikolay; Gusev, Anatoly] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. [Drange, Helge] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Farneti, Riccardo] Abdus Salaam Int Ctr Theoret Phys, Trieste, Italy. [Fogli, Pier Giuseppe; Masina, Simona; Navarra, Antonio] Ctr Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici CMCC, Bologna, Italy. [Forget, Gael; Heimbach, Patrick] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Fujii, Yosuke; Tsujino, Hiroyuki] Japan Meteorol Agcy, MRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Griffies, Stephen M.; Samuels, Bonita L.] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. [Howard, Armando] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. [Madec, Gurvan] CNRS IRD UPMC, IPSL LOCEAN, Paris, France. [Masina, Simona; Navarra, Antonio] INGV, Bologna, Italy. [Pirani, Anna] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Int CLIVAR Project Off, Southampton, Hants, England. [Salas y Melia, David; Voldoire, Aurore] CNRM, Toulouse, France. [Treguier, Anne-Marie] IUEM, CNRS Ifremer IRD UBO, UMR 6523, Lab Phys Oceans, Plouzane, France. RP Danabasoglu, G (reprint author), NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. EM gokhan@ucar.edu RI Danilov, Sergey/S-6184-2016; Gusev, Anatoly/A-8528-2014; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; Jung, Thomas/J-5239-2012; madec, gurvan/E-7825-2010; Marsland, Simon/A-1453-2012; Masina, Simona/B-4974-2012; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/E-9486-2015; Treguier, Anne Marie/B-7497-2009; Uotila, Petteri/A-1703-2012; Farneti, Riccardo/B-5183-2011; Bi, Daohua/O-4508-2015; Biastoch, Arne/B-5219-2014; Heimbach, Patrick/K-3530-2013 OI Gusev, Anatoly/0000-0002-6463-3179; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; Jung, Thomas/0000-0002-2651-1293; madec, gurvan/0000-0002-6447-4198; Marsland, Simon/0000-0002-5664-5276; Fogli, Pier Giuseppe/0000-0001-7997-6273; Treguier, Anne Marie/0000-0003-4569-845X; Uotila, Petteri/0000-0002-2939-7561; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390; Heimbach, Patrick/0000-0003-3925-6161 FU U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF; U.S. Department of Energy; NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability; Predictability Program [NA09OAR4310163]; Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency; Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO; National Computational Infrastructure facility at the Australian National University; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore projects; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research; Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project; BNP-Paribas foundation via the PRECLIDE project under the CNRS [30023488]; WGOMD FX NCAR is sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). The CCSM and CESM are supported by the NSF and the U.S. Department of Energy. S. G. Yeager was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office under Climate Variability and Predictability Program Grant NA09OAR4310163. ACCESS modeling work has been undertaken as part of the Australian Climate Change Science Program, funded jointly by the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency, the Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO, and was supported by the National Computational Infrastructure facility at the Australian National University. AWI is a member of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers. Q. Wang and D. Sidorenko are funded by the Helmholtz Climate Initiative REK-LIM (Regional Climate Change) project. The BERGEN contribution is supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, as well as the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. The CMCC contribution received funding from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research and the Italian Ministry of Environment, Land, and Sea under the GEMINA project. P. G. Fogli thanks W. G. Large, J. Tribbia, M. Vertenstein, G. Danabasoglu, and D. Bailey for their support and help in bringing NEMO into the CESM framework while vising NCAR. E. Fernandez was supported by the BNP-Paribas foundation via the PRECLIDE project under the CNRS research convention agreement 30023488. We thank M. Harrison and R. Hallberg of GFDL for assistance with defining the GFDL-GOLD configuration, and P. R. Gent, M. Holland, and F. Bryan of NCAR for suggestions on an earlier version of the manuscript. Finally, we thank both the international CLIVAR and U. S. CLIVAR projects for patiently sponsoring WGOMD over the years as COREs were developed. NR 193 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 3 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 73 BP 76 EP 107 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.10.005 PG 32 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 281QW UT WOS:000329117100006 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Jemian, PR Braun, A AF Allen, Andrew J. Ilavsky, Jan Jemian, Pete R. Braun, Artur TI Evolution of electrochemical interfaces in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC): a Ni and Zr resonant anomalous ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering study with elemental and spatial resolution across the cell assembly SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID TOLERANT ANODE MATERIALS; OPERATING TEMPERATURE; YSZ CERMET; SULFUR; MICROSTRUCTURE; DEGRADATION; ENERGY; RECONSTRUCTION; SPECTROSCOPY; CATHODE AB Electrochemical interfaces are key to the direct conversion of fuels to electrical energy and lend energy converters like solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) their functionality. Over extended operation at high temperatures, the microstructure of the underlying component materials in the cathodes, anodes and electrolytes evolve to an extent that these interfaces become affected and ultimately impaired, giving rise to performance degradation. We present anomalous ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (anomalous USAXS) measurements to quantify the component phase interfacial surface areas as a function of position within the electrodes and electrolyte of a SOFC assembly. Using USAXS at a 3rd generation X-ray synchrotron facility, the primary microstructural parameters obtained are the mean feature size, size distribution and surface area, determined over a contiguous length scale from nanometers to micrometers in a single measurement at a given position. Here, a spatial resolution of <20 mu m has been achieved perpendicular to the SOFC electrode and electrolyte layers. Anomalous USAXS measurements at X-ray energies just below the Ni and Zr K-absorption edges have enabled the electrochemically-active solid components and their associated void morphologies to be distinguished from each other close to the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The anomalous variation of the X-ray scattering contrast with X-ray energy has been exploited to distinguish Ni-rich or Zr-rich component microstructures from adjacent phases, and to determine the interfacial surface areas both between specific solid phases and between each phase and the void network. Such information provides improved insights for relating the morphology of the SOFC triple phase boundary (TPB, where the reactant gas, electron-conducting and ion-conducting phases coincide) to the various component interfaces in the adjacent microstructure. We demonstrate how such measurements determine the electrochemically-active interface response to SOFC service life, especially in the anode with and without sulfur present in the fuel. Our approach can be generalized to address degradation issues at a quantitative level in other electrochemical systems such as batteries and photo-electrochemical cells. C1 [Allen, Andrew J.] NIST, US Dept Commerce, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilavsky, Jan] Argonne Natl Lab, XRay Sci Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Jemian, Pete R.] Argonne Natl Lab, APS Engn Support Div, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Braun, Artur] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Empa, Lab High Performance Ceram, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Allen, AJ (reprint author), NIST, US Dept Commerce, Mat Measurement Lab, Bldg 223,Rm B204,100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.allen@nist.gov; ilavsky@aps.anl.gov; jemian@anl.gov; artur.braun@alumni.ethz.ch RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; BRAUN, Artur/A-1154-2009 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; BRAUN, Artur/0000-0002-6992-7774 FU European Union [SES6-CT-2003-502612, MIRG-CT-2006-042095, 256885]; Swiss Competence Center for Energy Mobility [CCEM-705]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX We thank J. Sfeir (Hexis AG) for discussions and providing SOFC test specimens; S. Claggett (NIST Metallurgy Division) for ceramographic USAXS sample preparation; R. Bachtold (Empa) for the optical micrographs; and P. Holtappels and T. Graule (Empa) for supporting this project. A. B. is grateful for financial support from the European Union (Real-SOFC project no. SES6-CT-2003-502612; Marie Curie Actions no. MIRG-CT-2006-042095, SOFC-LIFE project no. 256885), and from the Swiss Competence Center for Energy & Mobility, project no. CCEM-705. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 9 BP 4676 EP 4690 DI 10.1039/c3ra46886k PG 15 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 279JQ UT WOS:000328956700057 ER PT J AU Chapman, KW Chupas, PJ Long, GG Bendersky, LA Levine, LE Mompiou, F Stalick, JK Cahn, JW AF Chapman, Karena W. Chupas, Peter J. Long, Gabrielle G. Bendersky, Leonid A. Levine, Lyle E. Mompiou, Frederic Stalick, Judith K. Cahn, John W. TI An ordered metallic glass solid solution phase that grows from the melt like a crystal SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Metallic glass; Phase transformation; Pair distribution function analysis; X-ray scattering ID PAIR DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; DIFFRACTION; REFINEMENT; DETECTOR; ALLOYS AB We report structural studies of an Al-Fe-Si glassy solid that is a solid solution phase in the classical thermodynamic sense. We demonstrate that it is neither a frozen melt nor nanocrystalline. The glass has a well-defined solubility limit and rejects Al during formation from the melt. The pair distribution function of the glass reveals chemical ordering out to at least 12 angstrom that resembles the ordering within a stable crystalline intermetallic phase of neighboring composition. Under isothermal annealling at 305 degrees C the glass first rejects Al, then persists for approximately 1 h with no detectable change in structure, and finally is transformed by a first-order phase transition to a crystalline phase with a structure that is different from that within the glass. It is possible that this remarkable glass phase has a fully ordered atomic structure that nevertheless possesses no long-range translational symmetry and is isotropic. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Chapman, Karena W.; Chupas, Peter J.; Long, Gabrielle G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Long, Gabrielle G.; Bendersky, Leonid A.; Levine, Lyle E.; Mompiou, Frederic; Cahn, John W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mompiou, Frederic] CNRS, Ctr Elaborat Mat & Etud Struct, F-31055 Toulouse, France. [Stalick, Judith K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cahn, John W.] Univ Washington, Dept Phys & Astron, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Long, GG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gglong@aps.anl.gov FU DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX The authors acknowledge Frank Biancaniello for alloy preparation and Alexander Shapiro for assistance with the SEM measurements. We also thank Maureen Williams for X-ray characterization and Kil-Won Moon for isothermal calorimetry. We thank Marjorie Senechal for useful discussions. The X-ray studies were conducted at beamlines 1-ID, 11-ID and 32-ID at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). This research would not have been possible without the unique capabilities of the dedicated pair distribution function X-ray scattering instrument at 11-ID-B at the APS. This instrument provides data over a broad range in Fourier space, offering the necessary high spatial resolution at intermediate length scales (6-20 angstrom). It is adequately sensitive to probe very small sample volumes (103 mu m3) and still provide adequate counting statistics to perform in situ real time measurements of phase transformations. The APS is an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, and was supported by the DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 EI 1873-2453 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 BP 58 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.08.063 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 274GK UT WOS:000328594600003 ER PT J AU Chen, WH Persily, AK Hodgson, AT Offermann, FJ Poppendieck, D Kumagai, K AF Chen, Wenhao Persily, Andrew K. Hodgson, Alfred T. Offermann, Francis J. Poppendieck, Dustin Kumagai, Kazukiyo TI Area-specific airflow rates for evaluating the impacts of VOC emissions in US single-family homes SO BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Indoor air quality; Product loading ratio; Air change rate; Residential housing; Building products; Volatile organic compounds (VOC) ID INDOOR; FORMALDEHYDE AB Product loading ratio and area-specific airflow rate are among the key parameters required for indoor air quality (IAQ) modeling and exposure health assessment of building product emissions. This paper analyzes product loading ratio variations and generates area-specific airflow rate distributions of major categories of interior building products for single family detached (SFD) homes in the U.S. The product categories addressed include ceiling, flooring, interior wallboard 82 paint, walls 82 wall coverings, doors, insulation and window treatments. The analysis employs a set of 83 SFD homes that are defined by Persily et al. (2006) as representing 80% of U.S. housing stock built prior to 1998. We first calculate product loading ratios from floor plans of these homes. We then combine the loading ratios with the air change rates previously modeled using CONTAM by Persily et al. (2010) to develop a national, average area-specific airflow rate distribution for each product category. We further analyze the trends affecting area-specific airflow rate distributions in newer homes. Finally, we discuss the implications of these results on assessing IAQ impacts of building products, especially their application to improve product standards for volatile organic compound (VOC) emission testing and evaluation. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chen, Wenhao; Kumagai, Kazukiyo] Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Indoor Air Qual Sect, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Persily, Andrew K.; Poppendieck, Dustin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hodgson, Alfred T.] Berkeley Analyt, Berkeley, CA USA. [Offermann, Francis J.] Indoor Environm Engn, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Chen, WH (reprint author), Calif Dept Publ Hlth, Indoor Air Qual Sect, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM Wenhao.Chen@cdph.ca.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-1323 EI 1873-684X J9 BUILD ENVIRON JI Build. Environ. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 BP 204 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.09.020 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 275XP UT WOS:000328713000020 ER PT J AU Punt, AE Dorn, M AF Punt, Andre E. Dorn, Martin TI Comparisons of meta-analytic methods for deriving a probability distribution for the steepness of the stock-recruitment relationship SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; Groundfish; Simulation; Steepness; Stock-recruitment relationship ID FISHERY MANAGEMENT; REFERENCE POINTS; RISK ANALYSIS; MODEL; STRATEGIES; INFERENCE AB The steepness parameter of the stock-recruitment relationship (the proportion of unfished recruitment when spawning biomass is reduced to 20% of its unfished level) is a key parameter in stock assessment models, and hence in the provision of scientific management advice for many fisheries. Prior probability distributions for steepness have been used when conducting assessments of US west coast groundfish in the absence of data to estimate steepness reliably. These priors have been developed by applying meta-analytic methods to the results from stock assessments, but the performances of these methods have not been evaluated. Three potential methods for applying meta-analysis to construct steepness priors are available: non-linear mixed models, Bayesian hierarchical methods, and a novel method which approximates marginal likelihoods using likelihood profiles. These methods are evaluated using simulation. The profile method is found to perform best. Estimates of the parameters which define the steepness prior are uncertain owing primarily to uncertainty associated with the results of the stock assessments which provide the input for the meta-analysis methods, and because of the small number of stocks available for inclusion in the meta-analysis. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dorn, Martin] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@uw.edu OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NOAA grant [NA100AR4320148] FX AEP was partially supported for this work under NOAA grant NA100AR4320148. This is JISAO contribution 2174. Motoki Wu (UW graduate student) conducted some of the initial simulations. The manuscript was improved though comments by Paul Spenser (AFSC), two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor (Ken Rose). NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 149 BP 43 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.09.015 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 275YQ UT WOS:000328715700006 ER PT J AU Bright, JA Stevenson, KE Coble, MD Hill, CR Curran, JM Buckleton, JS AF Bright, Jo-Anne Stevenson, Kate E. Coble, Michael D. Hill, Carolyn R. Curran, James M. Buckleton, John S. TI Characterising the STR locus D6S1043 and examination of its effect on stutter rates SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Forensic DNA; Sequencing; Stutter; Interpretation; D6S1043 AB The forensic analysis of DNA is most often undertaken by the amplification of short tandem repeats (STR) using the polymerase chain reaction ( PCR). DNA amplification can result in production of the target allele amplicon and a by-product called stutter. Stutter is the result of the miscopy of the target allele and is typically one repeat smaller. Stutter is traditionally described as a ratio of stutter and allele height; stutter ratio (SR). The challenge to DNA profile interpretation is most serious whenever stutter products are of a similar height to the minor allelic peaks in a mixed DNA profile. An accurate assignment of peaks and the prediction of their height is important when objectively interpreting forensic DNA profiles. The longest uninterrupted stretch (LUS) of tandem repeats within the allele has previously been shown to be a good predictor of stutter ratio. LUS is determined by sequencing a range of observed alleles at a locus. The locus D6S1043 is a relatively new locus to appear in commercial forensic DNA testing kits. To date however, there has been no comprehensive report of sequencing of this locus. In this work, we sequence a sample of D6S1043 alleles to determine LUS values and investigate allele repeat number and LUS as explanatory variables for SR. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bright, Jo-Anne; Stevenson, Kate E.; Buckleton, John S.] ESR Ltd, Auckland 1025, New Zealand. [Bright, Jo-Anne; Curran, James M.] Univ Auckland, Dept Stat, Auckland 1025, New Zealand. [Coble, Michael D.; Hill, Carolyn R.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Bright, JA (reprint author), Private Bag 92 021, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. EM jo.bright@esr.cri.nz OI Bright, Jo-Anne/0000-0001-7536-0308 FU US National Institute of Justice [2011-DN-BX-K541] FX This work was supported in part by grant 2011-DN-BX-K541 from the US National Institute of Justice. We acknowledge the useful advice of Julia Allwood and Joanne Simons (ESR) and the comments of Johanna Veth and Joanne Simons which have greatly improved this paper. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the source of the stutter ratio data that lies behind Figs. 1 and 2. These data were provided by the state and territory government forensic biology laboratories of Australia. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 20 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.06.012 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 272TE UT WOS:000328483000003 PM 24315584 ER PT J AU Diegoli, TM Linacre, A Coble, MD AF Diegoli, Toni M. Linacre, Adrian Coble, Michael D. TI Population genetic data for 15 X chromosomal short tandem repeat markers in three US populations SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE X chromosome; Mini-STRs; Identity testing; Kinship testing; Linkage; US population ID STR LOCI; MULTIPLEX PCR; PATTERNS; ALLELES; SYSTEM; REGION AB 314 African American, 434 U.S. Caucasian, and 398 U.S. Hispanic individuals were typed at X STR markers DXS6795, DXS9902, DXS8378, DXS7132, DXS6803, DXS6789, DXS7424, DXS101, GATA172D05, DXS7130, GATA165B12, HPRTB, GATA31E08, DXS10147, DXS7423. High forensic efficiency parameter values confirm the potential usefulness of these markers in certain specific kinship situations involving female offspring as well as identity testing. Alleles previously unobserved in U.S. populations were noted in this study at 8 different markers. Additionally, null alleles and a triallelic pattern were observed and described. Pairwise comparisons indicated consistency with similar published populations at overlapping markers. These data represent a substantial increase in the quantity of U.S. X chromosomal short tandem repeat data available to the community. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Diegoli, Toni M.] Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Dover, DE 19902 USA. [Diegoli, Toni M.] Amer Registry Pathol, Dover, DE 19903 USA. [Diegoli, Toni M.; Linacre, Adrian] Flinders Univ S Australia, Sch Biol Sci, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Coble, Michael D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Diegoli, TM (reprint author), Armed Forces Med Examiner Syst, Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, 115 Purple Heart Ave, Dover, DE 19902 USA. EM toni.m.diegoli.ctr@mail.mil OI Linacre, Adrian/0000-0001-5890-5548 FU National Institute of Justice [2011-DN-BX-K401] FX The authors would like to thank Minh Nguyen and the National Institute of Justice for funding under award #2011-DN-BX-K401; Dr. Moses Schanfield, Dr. Peter Vallone, Dr. John Butler, and Erica Butts for providing sample extracts and associated quantification data; Patty Czarnecki for assistance in organizing and aliquoting sample extracts; Jessica Saunier for bioinformatics assistance; and James Canik, Col. Louis Finelli, Dr. Timothy McMahon, and Lt. Col. Laura Regan for logistical and administrative support. The opinions and assertions contained herein are solely those of the authors and are not to be construed as official or as views of the National Institute of Justice, the United States Department of Defense or the United States Department of the Army. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 64 EP 67 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.07.008 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 272TE UT WOS:000328483000009 PM 24315590 ER PT J AU Kiesler, KM Coble, MD Hall, TA Vallone, PM AF Kiesler, Kevin M. Coble, Michael D. Hall, Thomas A. Vallone, Peter M. TI Comparison of base composition analysis and Sanger sequencing of mitochondrial DNA for four US population groups SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Mitochondrial DNA; Mass spectrometry; Human identification; DNA sequencing ID MTDNA CONTROL REGION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMPLIFICATION; HETEROPLASMY; SAMPLES; CELLS; ASSAY AB A set of 711 samples from four U. S. population groups was analyzed using a novel mass spectrometry based method for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) base composition profiling. Comparison of the mass spectrometry results with Sanger sequencing derived data yielded a concordance rate of 99.97%. Length heteroplasmy was identified in 46% of samples and point heteroplasmy was observed in 6.6% of samples in the combined mass spectral and Sanger data set. Using discrimination capacity as a metric, Sanger sequencing of the full control region had the highest discriminatory power, followed by the mass spectrometry base composition method, which was more discriminating than Sanger sequencing of just the hypervariable regions. This trend is in agreement with the number of nucleotides covered by each of the three assays. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 [Kiesler, Kevin M.; Coble, Michael D.; Vallone, Peter M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hall, Thomas A.] Ibis Biosci, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA. RP Kiesler, KM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Kevin.Kiesler@nist.gov OI Kiesler, Kevin/0000-0001-7995-6328 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 8 IS 1 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.10.003 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 272TE UT WOS:000328483000032 PM 24315613 ER PT J AU Otero, J L'Abee-Lund, JH Castro-Santos, T Leonardsson, K Storvik, GO Jonsson, B Dempson, B Russell, IC Jensen, AJ Bagliniere, JL Dionne, M Armstrong, JD Romakkaniemi, A Letcher, BH Kocik, JF Erkinaro, J Poole, R Rogan, G Lundqvist, H MacLean, JC Jokikokko, E Arnekleiv, JV Kennedy, RJ Niemela, E Caballero, P Music, PA Antonsson, T Gudjonsson, S Veselov, AE Lamberg, A Groom, S Taylor, BH Taberner, M Dillane, M Arnason, F Horton, G Hvidsten, NA Jonsson, IR Jonsson, N McKelvey, S Naesje, TF Skaala, O Smith, GW Saegrov, H Stenseth, NC Vollestad, LA AF Otero, Jaime L'Abee-Lund, Jan Henning Castro-Santos, Ted Leonardsson, Kjell Storvik, Geir O. Jonsson, Bror Dempson, Brian Russell, Ian C. Jensen, Arne J. Bagliniere, Jean-Luc Dionne, Melanie Armstrong, John D. Romakkaniemi, Atso Letcher, Benjamin H. Kocik, John F. Erkinaro, Jaakko Poole, Russell Rogan, Ger Lundqvist, Hans MacLean, Julian C. Jokikokko, Erkki Arnekleiv, Jo Vegar Kennedy, Richard J. Niemela, Eero Caballero, Pablo Music, Paul A. Antonsson, Thorolfur Gudjonsson, Sigurdur Veselov, Alexey E. Lamberg, Anders Groom, Steve Taylor, Benjamin H. Taberner, Malcolm Dillane, Mary Arnason, Fridthjofur Horton, Gregg Hvidsten, Nils A. Jonsson, Ingi R. Jonsson, Nina McKelvey, Simon Naesje, Tor F. Skaala, Oystein Smith, Gordon W. Saegrov, Harald Stenseth, Nils C. Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn TI Basin-scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; freshwater conditions; North Atlantic; phenology; sea surface temperature; smolt emigration ID FRESH-WATER ENVIRONMENT; SMOLT MIGRATION; BROWN TROUT; RIVER IMSA; MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC SALMON; POST-SMOLTS; TEMPERATURE; SEA; POPULATION AB Migrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater (parr') stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water (smolt') is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr-smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within- and among-river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post-smolts. Using generalized additive mixed-effects modelling, we analysed spatio-temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 degrees C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea-surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes. C1 [Otero, Jaime; Storvik, Geir O.; Stenseth, Nils C.; Vollestad, Leif Asbjorn] Univ Oslo, Dept Biosci, CEES, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [L'Abee-Lund, Jan Henning] Norwegian Water & Energy Directorate, N-0301 Oslo, Norway. [Castro-Santos, Ted; Letcher, Benjamin H.; Horton, Gregg] US Geol Survey, Silvio O Conte Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Biol Resources Div, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. [Leonardsson, Kjell; Lundqvist, Hans] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Studies SLU, SE-90183 Umea, Sweden. [Storvik, Geir O.] Univ Oslo, Dept Math, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. [Jonsson, Bror; Jonsson, Nina] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, N-0349 Oslo, Norway. [Dempson, Brian] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Russell, Ian C.] Cefas Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Jensen, Arne J.; Hvidsten, Nils A.; Naesje, Tor F.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res NINA, N-7485 Trondheim, Norway. [Bagliniere, Jean-Luc] INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 0985, ESE, F-35000 Rennes, France. [Dionne, Melanie] Minist Dev Durable Environm Faune & Parcs Quebec, Direct Faune Aquat, Ste Foy, PQ, Canada. [Romakkaniemi, Atso; Erkinaro, Jaakko; Niemela, Eero] Univ Oulu, Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland. [Kocik, John F.; Music, Paul A.] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Poole, Russell; Rogan, Ger; Dillane, Mary] Inst Marine, Fisheries Ecosyst Advisory Serv, Newport, Mayo, Ireland. [Jokikokko, Erkki] Finnish Game & Fisheries Res Inst, Bothnian Bay Fisheries Res Stn, FI-94450 Keminmaa, Finland. [Arnekleiv, Jo Vegar] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Sect Nat Hist, Museum Nat Hist & Archaeol, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Kennedy, Richard J.] Agrifood & Biosci Inst, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. [Caballero, Pablo] Conselleria Medio Rural Xunta Galicia, Secc Biodiversidade, Serv Conservac Nat Pontevedra, Pontevedra 36071, Spain. [Antonsson, Thorolfur; Gudjonsson, Sigurdur; Arnason, Fridthjofur; Jonsson, Ingi R.] Inst Freshwater Fisheries, IS-112 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Veselov, Alexey E.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Biol, Karelian Res Ctr, Petrozavodsk 185910, Russia. [Lamberg, Anders] Vilt & Fiskeinfo AS, N-7054 Ranheim, Norway. [Groom, Steve; Taylor, Benjamin H.; Taberner, Malcolm] Plymouth Marine Lab, Remote Sensing Grp, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Skaala, Oystein] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Saegrov, Harald] Radgivende Biologer AS, N-5003 Bergen, Norway. [Stenseth, Nils C.] Inst Marine Res, Flodevigen Marine Res Stn, N-4817 His, Norway. RP Otero, J (reprint author), CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas, Eduardo Cabello 6, Vigo 36208, Spain. EM j.o.villar@bio.uio.no RI Otero, Jaime/C-4848-2015; Stenseth, Nils Chr./G-5212-2016; OI Otero, Jaime/0000-0001-8020-0157; Stenseth, Nils Chr./0000-0002-1591-5399; Castro-Santos, Theodore/0000-0003-2575-9120 FU Norwegian Research Council [183989/S30]; Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate (NVE) FX This study is part of the Norwegian Research Council project no 183989/S30. J.O. acknowledges additional funding from Norwegian Water and Energy Directorate (NVE). We are grateful to all those people who manned the smolt counting facilities in all countries. This study would not be possible without their work. Earth Observation data were provided by the NERC EO Data Acquisition and Analysis Service, Plymouth. Dr. Alex Haro and four reviewers provided helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved earlier versions of the manuscript. NR 75 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 8 U2 88 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 61 EP 75 DI 10.1111/gcb.12363 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BZ UT WOS:000327998600007 PM 23966281 ER PT J AU van Hooidonk, R Maynard, JA Manzello, D Planes, S AF van Hooidonk, Ruben Maynard, Jeffrey Allen Manzello, Derek Planes, Serge TI Opposite latitudinal gradients in projected ocean acidification and bleaching impacts on coral reefs SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate change; climate models; coral bleaching; coral reefs; ocean acidification; projections ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; EL-NINO; CALCIFICATION; FUTURE; RATES; WILL; PH AB Coral reefs and the services they provide are seriously threatened by ocean acidification and climate change impacts like coral bleaching. Here, we present updated global projections for these key threats to coral reefs based on ensembles of IPCC AR5 climate models using the new Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) experiments. For all tropical reef locations, we project absolute and percentage changes in aragonite saturation state (arag) for the period between 2006 and the onset of annual severe bleaching (thermal stress >8 degree heating weeks); a point at which it is difficult to believe reefs can persist as we know them. Severe annual bleaching is projected to start 10-15years later at high-latitude reefs than for reefs in low latitudes under RCP8.5. In these 10-15years, arag keeps declining and thus any benefits for high-latitude reefs of later onset of annual bleaching may be negated by the effects of acidification. There are no long-term refugia from the effects of both acidification and bleaching. Of all reef locations, 90% are projected to experience severe bleaching annually by 2055. Furthermore, 5% declines in calcification are projected for all reef locations by 2034 under RCP8.5, assuming a 15% decline in calcification per unit of arag. Drastic emissions cuts, such as those represented by RCP6.0, result in an average year for the onset of annual severe bleaching that is similar to 20years later (2062 vs. 2044). However, global emissions are tracking above the current worst-case scenario devised by the scientific community, as has happened in previous generations of emission scenarios. The projections here for conditions on coral reefs are dire, but provide the most up-to-date assessment of what the changing climate and ocean acidification mean for the persistence of coral reefs. C1 [van Hooidonk, Ruben; Manzello, Derek] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Hooidonk, Ruben; Manzello, Derek] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Maynard, Jeffrey Allen; Planes, Serge] CRIOBE, CNRS, USR 3278, Lab Excellence CORAIL, Papetoai, Moorea, Fr Polynesia. [Maynard, Jeffrey Allen] UNCW, CREST Res Pk, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC USA. RP van Hooidonk, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem & Ecosyst Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Ruben.van.Hooidonk@noaa.gov RI Manzello, Derek/A-8661-2014; van Hooidonk, Ruben/F-7395-2010 OI Manzello, Derek/0000-0002-0720-3041; van Hooidonk, Ruben/0000-0002-3804-1233 FU Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative; NOAA; LABEX CORAIL; World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling; U.S. Department of Energy; NASA FX This study was made possible by a grant from the Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative to all authors via the IRCP, based at the CRIOBE research station in Moorea, French Polynesia. RvH was also supported by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program, and a LABEX CORAIL grant to SP partially supported JM. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling and the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, which are responsible for CMIP. We thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model outputs. We thank Denis Pierrot from NOAA AOML for help with understanding the code behind CO2SYS. Reef locations were obtained from the Millennium Coral Reef Mapping Project provided by the Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, University of South Florida, and Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD, Centre de Noumea), with support from NASA. Other data were compiled by UNEP-WCMC and the WorldFish Centre in collaboration with WRI and TNC. Comments from anonymous reviewers helped improve the manuscript. RvH and JM designed and implemented the study and wrote the manuscript, with input from DM and SP. NR 56 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 12 U2 156 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 103 EP 112 DI 10.1111/gcb.12394 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BZ UT WOS:000327998600010 PM 24151155 ER PT J AU Logan, CA Dunne, JP Eakin, CM Donner, SD AF Logan, Cheryl A. Dunne, John P. Eakin, C. Mark Donner, Simon D. TI Incorporating adaptive responses into future projections of coral bleaching SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acclimatization; adaptation; climate change; coral bleaching; global climate models; sea surface temperature ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMAL-STRESS; ALGAL ENDOSYMBIONTS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; ACCLIMATIZATION; ADAPTATION AB Climate warming threatens to increase mass coral bleaching events, and several studies have projected the demise of tropical coral reefs this century. However, recent evidence indicates corals may be able to respond to thermal stress though adaptive processes (e.g., genetic adaptation, acclimatization, and symbiont shuffling). How these mechanisms might influence warming-induced bleaching remains largely unknown. This study compared how different adaptive processes could affect coral bleaching projections. We used the latest bias-corrected global sea surface temperature (SST) output from the NOAA/GFDL Earth System Model 2 (ESM2M) for the preindustrial period through 2100 to project coral bleaching trajectories. Initial results showed that, in the absence of adaptive processes, application of a preindustrial climatology to the NOAA Coral Reef Watch bleaching prediction method overpredicts the present-day bleaching frequency. This suggests that corals may have already responded adaptively to some warming over the industrial period. We then modified the prediction method so that the bleaching threshold either permanently increased in response to thermal history (e.g., simulating directional genetic selection) or temporarily increased for 2-10years in response to a bleaching event (e.g., simulating symbiont shuffling). A bleaching threshold that changes relative to the preceding 60years of thermal history reduced the frequency of mass bleaching events by 20-80% compared with the no adaptive response' prediction model by 2100, depending on the emissions scenario. When both types of adaptive responses were applied, up to 14% more reef cells avoided high-frequency bleaching by 2100. However, temporary increases in bleaching thresholds alone only delayed the occurrence of high-frequency bleaching by ca. 10years in all but the lowest emissions scenario. Future research should test the rate and limit of different adaptive responses for coral species across latitudes and ocean basins to determine if and how much corals can respond to increasing thermal stress. C1 [Logan, Cheryl A.] Calif State Univ, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA USA. [Logan, Cheryl A.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Dunne, John P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Donner, Simon D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Geog, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada. RP Logan, CA (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Div Sci & Environm Policy, Seaside, CA USA. EM clogan@csumb.edu RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; FU NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; Cooperative Institute of Climate Science Postdoctoral Program at Princeton University FX We thank S. Jorgensen, K. Kroeker, and K. Mach for helpful discussion and comments on this manuscript. The NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program and the Cooperative Institute of Climate Science Postdoctoral Program at Princeton University funded this study. The contents in this manuscript are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 94 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 10 U2 169 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 20 IS 1 BP 125 EP 139 DI 10.1111/gcb.12390 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266BZ UT WOS:000327998600012 PM 24038982 ER PT J AU Chaouch, N Temimi, M Romanov, P Cabrera, R McKillop, G Khanbilvardi, R AF Chaouch, Naira Temimi, Marouane Romanov, Peter Cabrera, Reggina McKillop, George Khanbilvardi, Reza TI An automated algorithm for river ice monitoring over the Susquehanna River using the MODIS data SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE River ice; MODIS data; image classification ID MACKENZIE RIVER; SYSTEM AB Reliable and prompt information on river ice condition and extent is needed to make accurate hydrological forecasts to predict ice jams breakups and issue timely flood warnings. This study presents a technique to detect and monitor river ice using observations from the MODIS instrument onboard the Terra satellite. The technique incorporates a threshold-based decision tree image classification algorithm to process MODIS data and to determine the extent of ice. To differentiate between ice-covered and ice-free pixels within the riverbed, the algorithm combines observations in the visible and near-infrared spectral bands. The developed technique presents the core of the MODIS-based river ice mapping system, which has been developed to support National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NWS's operations. The system has been tested over the Susquehanna River in northeastern USA, where ice jam events leading to spring floods are a frequent occurrence. The automated algorithm generates three products: daily ice maps, weekly composite ice maps and running cloud-free composite ice maps. The performance of the system was evaluated over nine winter seasons. The analysis of the derived products has revealed their good agreement with the aerial photography and with in situ observations-based ice charts. The probability of ice detection determined from the comparison of the product with the high-resolution Landsat imagery was equal to 91%. A consistent inverse relationship was found between the river discharge and the ice extent. The correlation between the discharge and the ice extent as determined from the weekly composite product reached 0.75. The developed CREST River Ice Observation System has been implemented at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center as an operational Web tool allowing end users and forecasters to assess ice conditions on the river. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Chaouch, Naira; Temimi, Marouane; Romanov, Peter; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA, CREST Inst, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Cabrera, Reggina; McKillop, George] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Bohemia, NY USA. RP Chaouch, N (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM nchaouch@ccny.cuny.edu RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307 FU NOAA [NA06OAR4810162] FX The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of SHWPC through providing ice chart to verify the proposed river ice product. We would also like to thank David Vallee, Stephen DiRienzo and David Radell from NOAA NWS for their comments and suggestions. This study was supported by the NOAA under grant number NA06OAR4810162. The statements contained in this article are not the opinions of the funding agency or government, but reflect the views of the authors. NR 24 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 62 EP 73 DI 10.1002/hyp.9548 PG 12 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 273XO UT WOS:000328569800008 ER PT J AU Nunziata, F Migliaccio, M Li, XF Ding, XW AF Nunziata, Ferdinando Migliaccio, Maurizio Li, Xiaofeng Ding, Xianwen TI Coastline Extraction Using Dual-Polarimetric COSMO-SkyMed PingPong Mode SAR Data SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Coastline; polarimetry; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ID OBSERVE METALLIC TARGETS; IMAGES; CLASSIFICATION; WATERLINE; AREAS; SEA AB A two-step physically consistent procedure is proposed to exploit COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquired in the incoherent dual-polarization PingPong mode. The first step, which deals with land/sea discrimination, is accomplished in a robust and effective way by exploiting the inherent peculiarities of the CSK PingPong mode. Hence, a dual-polarization scattering model that relates the correlation between the HH and VV CSK polarimetric channels to the coherence time of the observed scene is first proposed. The second step, which deals with the extraction of the continuous coastline, is accomplished by a simple image processing that consists of extracting intermediate frequency components using two Gaussian-shaped filters. Experiments undertaken over actual CSK single-look slant range complex PingPong HH/VV SAR data show the physical soundness of the proposed rationale and the processing effectiveness. C1 [Nunziata, Ferdinando; Migliaccio, Maurizio] Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Tecnol, I-80133 Naples, Italy. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Ding, Xianwen] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai 201306, Peoples R China. RP Nunziata, F (reprint author), Univ Napoli Parthenope, Dipartimento Tecnol, I-80133 Naples, Italy. EM fer-dinando.nunziata@uniparthenope.it; maurizio.migliaccio@uniparthenope.it; xiaofeng.li@noaa.gov; dingxianwen@163.com RI Nunziata, Ferdinando/D-4054-2012; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Nunziata, Ferdinando/0000-0003-4567-0377; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Italian Space Agency (ASI) [I/066/09/0]; ASI; Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Program; Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission [12510501900]; Shanghai Oriental Scholar Program FX This work was supported in part by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) under Contract I/066/09/0. Part of the work was supported by ASI, the Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Program, the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission under Grant 12510501900, and the Shanghai Oriental Scholar Program. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 27 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 11 IS 1 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2247561 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 275SS UT WOS:000328698400022 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Scheuerell, MD Buhle, ER Copeland, T AF Thorson, James T. Scheuerell, Mark D. Buhle, Eric R. Copeland, Timothy TI Spatial variation buffers temporal fluctuations in early juvenile survival for an endangered Pacific salmon SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; hierarchical model; juvenile survival; portfolio effect; random effects ID DIVERSITY-STABILITY RELATIONSHIPS; CHINOOK SALMON; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STATISTICAL INEVITABILITY; REINTRODUCTION BIOLOGY; CENTRAL IDAHO; COUNT DATA; SYNCHRONY; RECRUITMENT AB Spatial, phenotypic and genetic diversity at relatively small scales can buffer species against large-scale processes such as climate change that tend to synchronize populations and increase temporal variability in overall abundance or production. This portfolio effect generally results in improved biological and economic outcomes for managed species. Previous evidence for the portfolio effect in salmonids has arisen from examinations of time series of adult abundance, but we lack evidence of spatial buffering of temporal variability in demographic rates such as survival of juveniles during their first year of life. We therefore use density-dependent population models with multiple random effects to represent synchronous (similar among populations) and asynchronous (different among populations) temporal variability as well as spatial variability in survival. These are fitted to 25years of survey data for breeding adults and surviving juveniles from 15 demographically distinct populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) within a single metapopulation in the Snake River in Idaho, USA. Model selection identifies the most support for the model that included both synchronous and asynchronous temporal variability, in addition to spatial variability. Asynchronous variability (log-SD=055) is approximately equal in magnitude to synchronous temporal variability (log-SD=067), but much lower than spatial variability (log-SD=111). We also show that the pairwise correlation coefficient, a common measure of population synchrony, is approximated by the estimated ratio of shared and total variance, where both approaches yield a synchrony estimate of 059. We therefore find evidence for spatial buffering of temporal variability in early juvenile survival, although between-population variability that persists over time is also large. We conclude that spatial variation decreases interannual changes in overall juvenile production, which suggests that conservation and restoration of spatial diversity will improve population persistence for this metapopulation. However, the exact magnitude of spatial buffering depends upon demographic parameters such as adult survival that may vary among populations and is proposed as an area of future research using hierarchical life cycle models. We recommend that future sampling of this metapopulation employ a repeated-measure sampling design to improve estimation of early juvenile carrying capacity. C1 [Thorson, James T.; Scheuerell, Mark D.; Buhle, Eric R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Copeland, Timothy] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Nampa, ID 83686 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014; Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010; Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 FU Bonneville Power Administration [1991-073-00] FX We gratefully acknowledge R. Hovel and P. Lisi, who contributed to ideas to this manuscript, and D. Holzer, who provided Fig. 1. We also thank K. See for editorial suggestions. Bonneville Power Administration provided funding for field work (Project 1991-073-00), and Paul Bunn compiled the data for this analysis. The manuscript would be incomplete without acknowledgement of the biologists who supervised the snorkel crews over the years (in alphabetical order): Kim Apperson, Arnie Brimmer, Tom Curet, Jon Flinders, Russ Kiefer, Eric Leitzinger, Jeff Lutch, Charlie Petrosky, Bruce Rich and Bill Schrader. Finally, we are grateful for helpful comments from three anonymous reviewers. NR 81 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8790 EI 1365-2656 J9 J ANIM ECOL JI J. Anim. Ecol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 83 IS 1 BP 157 EP 167 DI 10.1111/1365-2656.12117 PG 11 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 274OH UT WOS:000328615300017 PM 23919254 ER PT J AU Poley, LG Pond, BA Schaefer, JA Brown, GS Ray, JC Johnson, DS AF Poley, Lucy G. Pond, Bruce A. Schaefer, James A. Brown, Glen S. Ray, Justina C. Johnson, Devin S. TI Occupancy patterns of large mammals in the Far North of Ontario under imperfect detection and spatial autocorrelation SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Conservation biogeography; hierarchical modelling; imperfect detection; moose; northern Ontario; probability of occupancy; restricted spatial regression; spatial autocorrelation; wolf; woodland caribou ID WOODLAND CARIBOU; SITE-OCCUPANCY; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; BEHAVIORAL-RESPONSE; HABITAT SELECTION; MODELS; CONSERVATION; EXTINCTION; FOREST; WINTER AB AimAn understanding of the factors that influence species distributions in heterogeneous landscapes is important when making decisions regarding conservation. Moreover, occupancy probabilities based on detection data can reveal important species-habitat relationships. Accounting for the spatial autocorrelation of detection data increases the statistical validity of occupancy models, but is not often considered. Using novel occupancy modelling that explicitly incorporates detectability and spatial autocorrelation, we assessed the influence of habitat on occupancy patterns of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), moose (Alces alces) and wolves (Canis lupus) across a broad biogeographical extent where fire is the dominant agent of disturbance. LocationNorthern Ontario, Canada. MethodsWe aerially surveyed 3851 sampling units, each covering 100km(2), for woodland caribou, moose and wolves in February-March in 2009, 2010 and 2011, and visited 1663 units more than once to estimate detectability. We used restricted spatial regression to model occupancy probabilities of each species with respect to habitat factors in two ecozones, accounting for both imperfect detection and lack of independence of sampling units. ResultsCovariates influencing species detection varied among ecozones and species. Caribou occupancy was positively related to bogs and negatively related to disturbed areas, while moose occupancy showed opposite responses to these covariates. Wolf occupancy was related to high prey occupancy. Explicitly accounting for spatial autocorrelation in detection data reduced the chance of type I error in occupancy estimates compared with non-spatial models. Main conclusionsHabitat relationships and occupancy patterns support the hypothesis that caribou remain spatially segregated from moose to reduce predation risk. The broad scale of analysis indicated changes in species-habitat relationships, suggesting that limiting factors vary across biogeographical gradients. The spatial pattern in caribou occupancy allowed us to identify important areas used by caribou across the region, including the ecotone between fire-driven boreal forests and peatland complexes. The evidence for significant relationships between caribou and land cover, predators and alternate prey underscores the need for careful planning of development and infrastructure in the area. C1 [Poley, Lucy G.] Environm & Life Sci Grad Program, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Pond, Bruce A.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Wildlife Res & Dev, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Schaefer, James A.] Trent Univ, Dept Biol, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. [Brown, Glen S.] Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Ontario Terr Assessment Program, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. [Ray, Justina C.] Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 2T9, Canada. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Poley, LG (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Dept Geog, 2500 Univ Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM lgpoley@ucalgary.ca FU OMNR; Trent University; NSERC FX We thank the many dedicated staff of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR) who collected the observational data, particularly Gerry Racey, Christopher Stratton and Kevin Green, who were instrumental in organizing the field surveys, and Nancy Berglund, who helped with data preparation. We also thank Marc Kery and one anonymous referee for their helpful comments on our manuscript. This study was financially supported by OMNR and Trent University and an NSERC Discovery Grant to J.A.S. NR 58 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 63 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 BP 122 EP 132 DI 10.1111/jbi.12200 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 269VW UT WOS:000328271500011 ER PT J AU Tamura, Y Ishizuka, O Stern, RJ Nichols, ARL Kawabata, H Hirahara, Y Chang, Q Miyazaki, T Kimura, JI Embley, RW Tatsumi, Y AF Tamura, Yoshihiko Ishizuka, Osamu Stern, Robert J. Nichols, Alexander R. L. Kawabata, Hiroshi Hirahara, Yuka Chang, Qing Miyazaki, Takashi Kimura, Jun-Ichi Embley, Robert W. Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki TI Mission Immiscible: Distinct Subduction Components Generate Two Primary Magmas at Pagan Volcano, Mariana Arc SO JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY LA English DT Article DE basalt; subduction; phlogopite; mantle; igneous petrology; arc basalt; primary magma; Mariana arc; Pagan ID IZU-BONIN ARC; HIGHLY DEPLETED PERIDOTITE; LESSER ANTILLES; MANTLE WEDGE; CRUSTAL CONTAMINATION; LHERZOLITIC MANTLE; SUBMARINE VOLCANOS; INTRAOCEANIC ARC; PHASE-RELATIONS; ZONE MAGMATISM AB Pagan is one of the largest volcanoes along the Mariana arc volcanic front. It has a maximum elevation of 570 m (Mt. Pagan), but its submarine flanks descend to 2000-3000 m below sea level, and are unexplored. Bathymetric mapping and ROV Hyper-Dolphin dives (HPD1147 and HPD1148) on the submarine NE and SW flanks of Pagan were carried out during cruise NT10-12 of R.V. Natsushima in July 2010. There are no systematic compositional differences between subaerial lavas reported in the literature and differentiated submarine lavas collected in HPD1148, with < 7 wt % MgO, suggesting they are derived from the same magmatic system. However, these differentiated lavas show complexities including magma mixing; thus we concentrate on magnesian submarine lavas (> 7 wt % MgO). Twenty least-fractionated basalts (48 center dot 5-50 wt % SiO2) collected during HPD1147 extend to higher MgO (10-11 wt %) and Mg# (66-70) than the subaerial lavas. Olivine (up to Fo(94)) and spinel (Cr# up to 0 center dot 8) compositions suggest that these Pagan primitive magmas formed from high degrees of mantle melting. Two basalt types can be distinguished based on their geochemistry at similar (10-11 wt %) MgO; these erupted recently, 500 m apart. Both contain clinopyroxene and olivine phenocrysts and are referred to as COB1 and COB2. Lower TiO2, FeO, Na2O, K2O, incompatible trace element abundances, and Nb/Yb suggest that COB1 formed from higher degrees of mantle melting. In addition, light rare earth element (LREE) enrichment and higher Th/Nb in COB2 contrast with LREE depletion and lower Th/Nb in COB1. Higher Ba/Th and Ba/Nb and lower Th/Nb indicate that the main subduction addition in COB1 was dominated by hydrous fluid, whereas that in COB2 was dominated by sediment melt. Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes are also consistent with this interpretation. These observations suggest that the subduction component responsible for the greater degree of melting of the COB1 source was mostly hydrous fluid. The origin of such different metasomatic agents resulted in different primary magmas forming in the same volcano. Both hydrous fluid and sediment melt components may have unmixed from an originally homogeneous supercritical fluid in or above the subducting slab below the volcanic front. These may have been added separately to the mantle wedge peridotite (mantle diapir) and resulted in two neighboring but completely different primary magmas from the same diapir. Moreover, these primitive lavas suggest that even for intra-oceanic arcs assimilation-fractional crystallization is inevitable when these magmas evolve in the crust and, in addition, that phlogopite is present in their mantle residue and thus played an important role in their genesis. C1 [Tamura, Yoshihiko; Nichols, Alexander R. L.; Kawabata, Hiroshi; Hirahara, Yuka; Chang, Qing; Miyazaki, Takashi; Kimura, Jun-Ichi; Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Inst Res Earth Evolut IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Ishizuka, Osamu] Geol Survey Japan AIST, Inst Geosci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Stern, Robert J.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Geosci, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Kawabata, Hiroshi] Kochi Univ, Res & Educ Fac, Kochi 7808520, Japan. [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA PMEL, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Tatsumi, Yoshiyuki] Kobe Univ, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. RP Tamura, Y (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Inst Res Earth Evolut IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM tamuray@jamstec.go.jp OI Nichols, Alexander/0000-0002-8298-2882 FU JSPS [23340166, 19GS0211]; NSF [1026150] FX This work was supported in part by the JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (23340166) and Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research (19GS0211). Samples were collected during JAMSTEC cruise NT10-12. Participation of US scientists in this cruise was made possible by NSF grant 1026150 to R.J.S. NR 76 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0022-3530 EI 1460-2415 J9 J PETROL JI J. Petrol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1 BP 63 EP 101 DI 10.1093/petrology/egt061 PG 39 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 274AO UT WOS:000328577600004 ER PT J AU Shaw, TA Perlwitz, J AF Shaw, Tiffany A. Perlwitz, Judith TI On the Control of the Residual Circulation and Stratospheric Temperatures in the Arctic by Planetary Wave Coupling SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Planetary waves; Stratospheric circulation ID MARCH 2011; OZONE; TROPOSPHERE; MODEL; FLUX AB It is well established that interannual variability of eddy (meridional) heat flux near the tropopause controls the variability of Arctic lower-stratospheric temperatures during spring via a modification of the strength of the residual circulation. While most studies focus on the role of anomalous heat flux values, here the impact of total (climatology plus anomaly) negative heat flux events on the Arctic stratosphere is investigated. Utilizing the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) dataset, it is found that total negative heat flux events coincide with a transient reversal of the residual circulation and cooling of the Arctic lower stratosphere. The negative events weaken the seasonally averaged adiabatic warming.The analysis provides a new interpretation of the winters of 1997 and 2011, which are known to have the lowest March Arctic lower-stratospheric temperatures in the satellite era. While most winters involve positive and negative heat flux extremes, the winters of 1997 and 2011 are unique in that they only involved extreme negative events. This behavior contributed to the weakest adiabatic downwelling in the satellite era and suggests a dynamical contribution to the extremely low temperatures during those winters that could not be accounted for by diabatic processes alone. While it is well established that dynamical processes contribute to the occurrence of stratospheric sudden warming events via extreme positive heat flux events, the results show that dynamical processes also contribute to cold winters with subsequent impact on Arctic ozone loss. The results highlight the importance of interpreting stratospheric temperatures in the Arctic in the context of the dynamical regime with which they are associated. C1 [Shaw, Tiffany A.] Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Shaw, Tiffany A.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shaw, TA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, POB 1000,61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM tas2163@columbia.edu RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1129519]; NOAA's Climate Program Office; NASA [NNX13AM24G] FX TAS is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1129519. JP's contribution is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office and by NASA under Grant NNX13AM24G. The authors thank Dr. Paul Newman and an anonymous reviewer whose comments helped to improve the manuscript. We also thank the ECMWF for providing the ERA-Interim dataset. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0138.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 278ZM UT WOS:000328928400012 ER PT J AU Hogsett, WA Stewart, SR AF Hogsett, Wallace A. Stewart, Stacy R. TI Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone Intensification: Deep Convective Cyclonic "Left Movers" SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Supercells; Tropical cyclones ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATION; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; PART I; INNER-CORE; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; SUPERCELL STORMS; EVOLUTION; EYEWALL; BUOYANCY AB Deep convective processes play an important role in tropical cyclone (TC) formation and intensification. In this study, the authors investigate the interaction between discrete buoyant updrafts and the vertically sheared azimuthal flow of an idealized TC vortex by adapting the updraft-shear dynamical framework to the TC. The authors argue theoretically that deep updrafts initiating near the TC radius of maximum wind (RMW) may propagate with a component left of the mean tangential flow, or radially inward toward the TC center. Results suggest that these unique TC updrafts, or left movers with respect to the mean azimuthal flow, may play an active role in TC intensification.The notion that updraft-scale convection may propagate with a component transverse to the mean flow is not at all new. Cyclonic midlatitude supercell thunderstorms often deviate from their mean environmental flow, always to the right of the environmental vertical shear vector. The deviant motion arises owing to nonlinear interactions between the incipient updraft and the environmental vertical shear. Although significant differences exist between the idealized TC considered here and real TCs, observational and high-resolution operational modeling evidence suggests that some intense TC updrafts may propagate with a radially inward and right-of-shear component and exhibit structural characteristics consistent with theory.The authors propose that left movers constitute a unique class of intense TC updrafts that may be favored near the TC RMW where local vertical shear of the TC azimuthal winds may be maximized. To simulate these left movers in a realistic way, mesoscale TC forecasting models must resolve nonlinear interactions between updrafts and vertical shear. C1 [Hogsett, Wallace A.; Stewart, Stacy R.] NOAA, NWS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Hogsett, WA (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM wallace.a.hogsett@noaa.gov FU NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP) FX We thank Chris Landsea and David Zelinsky of NHC for helpful reviews of the manuscript and assistance constructing several figures, as well as the HWRF teams at both the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) and the Hurricane Research Division (HRD) for providing very high temporal-resolution data from the HWRF model. The provocative comments of three anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript. Airborne radar data were provided courtesy of the NOAA Hurricane Research Division of AOML in Miami, Florida. This work was supported by the NOAA Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP). NR 64 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 226 EP 242 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0284.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 278ZM UT WOS:000328928400014 ER PT J AU Dawson, DT Mansell, ER Jung, YS Wicker, LJ Kumjian, MR Xue, M AF Dawson, Daniel T., II Mansell, Edward R. Jung, Youngsun Wicker, Louis J. Kumjian, Matthew R. Xue, Ming TI Low-Level Z(DR) Signatures in Supercell Forward Flanks: The Role of Size Sorting and Melting of Hail SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Supercells; Cloud microphysics; Mixed precipitation; Radars; Radar observations; Cloud parameterizations; Cloud resolving models ID MULTIMOMENT BULK MICROPHYSICS; POLARIMETRIC RADAR DATA; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; PART I; SCHEME; POLARIZATION; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; SEDIMENTATION AB The low levels of supercell forward flanks commonly exhibit distinct differential reflectivity (Z(DR)) signatures, including the low-Z(DR) hail signature and the high-Z(DR) arc. The Z(DR) arc has been previously associated with size sorting of raindrops in the presence of vertical wind shear; here this model is extended to include size sorting of hail. Idealized simulations of a supercell storm observed by the Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), polarimetric radar on 1 June 2008 are performed using a multimoment bulk microphysics scheme, in which size sorting is allowed or disallowed for hydrometeor species. Several velocity-diameter relationships for the hail fall speed are considered, as well as fixed or variable bulk densities that span the graupel-to-hail spectrum. A T-matrix-based emulator is used to derive polarimetric fields from the hydrometeor state variables.Size sorting of hail is found to have a dominant impact on Z(DR) and can result in a Z(DR) arc from melting hail even when size sorting is disallowed in the rain field. The low-Z(DR) hail core only appears when size sorting is allowed for hail. The mean storm-relative wind in a deep layer is found to align closely with the gradient in mean mass diameter of both rain and hail, with a slight shift toward the storm-relative mean wind below the melting level in the case of rain. The best comparison with the observed 1 June 2008 supercell is obtained when both rain and hail are allowed to sort, and the bulk density and associated fall-speed curve for hail are predicted by the model microphysics. C1 [Dawson, Daniel T., II; Mansell, Edward R.; Wicker, Louis J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Dawson, Daniel T., II] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Jung, Youngsun; Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kumjian, Matthew R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Dawson, DT (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ddawson@ou.edu RI Dawson II, Daniel/I-4552-2012; Jung, Youngsun/O-6227-2016; Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Dawson II, Daniel/0000-0002-2079-1247; Jung, Youngsun/0000-0003-2265-9837; Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 FU National Research Council; National Science Foundation [AGS-1137702]; NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory; NOAA/OAR under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; NSF [AGS-1046171] FX This work was primarily supported by the National Research Council and National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowships (Grant AGS-1137702) awarded to the first author, NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, and was partially supported by NOAA/OAR under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, and NSF Grant AGS-1046171. We acknowledge Terry Schuur and other NSSL engineers and scientists who maintain and operate the KOUN polarimetric radar for providing high-quality data. We thank Patrick Marsh for providing portions of the Python code used in the analysis. We thank George Bryan, Hugh Morrison, David Dowell, Glen Romine, Robin Tanamachi, and Jeff Snyder for their helpful comments and discussions on earlier versions of this work and the three anonymous reviewers whose reviews significantly improved the manuscript. The sounding used for the 1 June 2008 supercell environment was derived from an online tool (http://www-angler.larc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/satimage/sounding.cgi). Graphics were generated using Matplotlib (Hunter 2007). NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 71 IS 1 BP 276 EP 299 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0118.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 278ZM UT WOS:000328928400016 ER PT J AU Baker, JD Johanos, TC Wurth, TA Littnan, CL AF Baker, Jason D. Johanos, Thea C. Wurth, Tracy A. Littnan, Charles L. TI Body growth in Hawaiian monk seals SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; body growth; length; girth; von Bertalanffy ID MONACHUS-SCHAUINSLANDI; SURVIVAL; ISLANDS; SIZE; MORTALITY; MASS AB Body length and axillary girth measurements of more than 600 free-ranging Hawaiian monk seals from 1 to 20yr old were analyzed. Comparison of fitted von Bertalanffy growth models confirmed there is no evidence of sexual dimorphism in this species. Substantial differences in growth patterns were detected among seven subpopulations representing the species entire geographic range. The age at which seals would be expected to attain a reference length of 180cm ranged from just over 3yr up to almost 7yr at the various sites. Subpopulations exhibiting slower growth have previously been found to also exhibit lower age-specific reproductive rates. Differences in growth of seals among sites likely indicate varying environmental conditions determining growth during the time periods represented in the sampled data. C1 [Baker, Jason D.; Johanos, Thea C.; Littnan, Charles L.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wurth, Tracy A.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 259 EP 271 DI 10.1111/mms.12035 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 277LY UT WOS:000328822200015 ER PT J AU van der Hoop, J Moore, M Fahlman, A Bocconcelli, A George, C Jackson, K Miller, C Morin, D Pitchford, T Rowles, T Smith, J Zoodsma, B AF van der Hoop, Julie Moore, Michael Fahlman, Andreas Bocconcelli, Alessandro George, Clay Jackson, Katharine Miller, Carolyn Morin, David Pitchford, Thomas Rowles, Teri Smith, Jamison Zoodsma, Barb TI Behavioral impacts of disentanglement of a right whale under sedation and the energetic cost of entanglement SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE disentanglement; Dtag; drag; energetics; entanglement; sedation; right whale; Eubalaena glacialis ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; BALEEN WHALES; METABOLIC-RATE; POWER OUTPUT; SEA LION; BUOYANCY; DRAG; KINEMATICS AB Protracted entanglement in fishing gear often leads to emaciation through reduced mobility and foraging ability, and energy budget depletion from the added drag of towing gear for months or years. We examined changes in kinematics of a tagged entangled North Atlantic right whale (Eg 3911), before, during, and after disentanglement on 15 January 2011. To calculate the additional drag forces and energetic demand associated with various gear configurations, we towed three sets of gear attached to a load-cell tensiometer at multiple speeds. Tag analyses revealed significant increases in dive depth and duration; ascent, descent and fluke stroke rates; and decreases in root mean square fluke amplitude (a proxy for thrust) following disentanglement. Conservative drag coefficients while entangled in all gear configurations (mean +/- SD C-d,C-e,C-go = 3.4x10(-3) +/- 0.0003, C-d,C-e,C-gb = 3.7x10(-3) +/- 0.0003, C-d,C-e,C-sl = 3.8x10(-3) +/- 0.0004) were significantly greater than in the nonentangled case (C-d,C-n = 3.2x10(-3) +/- 0.0003; P=0.0156, 0.0312, 0.0078, respectively). Increases in total power input (including standard metabolism) over the nonentangled condition ranged from 1.6% to 120.9% for all gear configurations tested; locomotory power requirements increased 60.0%-164.6%. These results highlight significant alteration to swimming patterns, and the magnitude of energy depletion in a chronically entangled whale. C1 [van der Hoop, Julie; Moore, Michael; Fahlman, Andreas; Miller, Carolyn] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fahlman, Andreas] Texas A&M Corpus Christi, Dept Life Sci, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA. [Bocconcelli, Alessandro] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Operat Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [George, Clay] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. [Jackson, Katharine; Pitchford, Thomas] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Morin, David; Smith, Jamison] NOAA Fisheries, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. [Rowles, Teri] NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Zoodsma, Barb] NOAA Fisheries, Fernandina Beach, FL 32034 USA. RP van der Hoop, J (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, 266 Woods Hole Rd,MS 50, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jvanderhoop@whoi.edu RI Fahlman, Andreas/A-2901-2011; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015; OI Fahlman, Andreas/0000-0002-8675-6479; Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631; van der Hoop, Julie/0000-0003-2327-9000 FU NOAA [NA09OAR4320129, PO EA133F09SE4792]; M. S. Worthington Foundation; North Pond Foundation; Sloan and Hardwick Simmons FX We gratefully acknowledge the collaborative efforts of Florida FWC, EcoHealth Alliance, Georgia DNR, NOAA SER, Provincetown Center for Coastal Studies, Georgia Aquarium, St. Johns County's Beach Services and Environmental Division, Hubbs-Sea World, University of Florida, Tricia Naessig, Susan Barco, Megan Stolen, the Atlantic Large Whale Disentanglement Network, and many others who assisted with the disentanglement and necropsy of this case. Funding sources include NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA09OAR4320129, PO EA133F09SE4792, the M. S. Worthington Foundation, the North Pond Foundation, Sloan and Hardwick Simmons. The research and disentanglement was conducted under National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration Permit 932-1905-00/MA-009526 issued to Dr. Teresa Rowles. NR 62 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 282 EP 307 DI 10.1111/mms.12042 PG 26 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 277LY UT WOS:000328822200017 ER PT J AU Vernazzani, BG Cabrera, E Brownell, RL AF Galletti Vernazzani, Barbara Cabrera, Elsa Brownell, Robert L., Jr. TI Eastern South Pacific southern right whale photo-identification catalog reveals behavior and habitat use patterns SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EUBALAENA-AUSTRALIS DESMOULINS; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; MAGELLAN; STRAIT; SHIPS; CHILE C1 [Galletti Vernazzani, Barbara; Cabrera, Elsa] Ctr Conservac Cetacea, Santiago, Chile. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Vernazzani, BG (reprint author), Ctr Conservac Cetacea, Casilla 19178, Santiago, Chile. EM barbara@ccc-chile.org FU Global Greengrants Fund FX We wish to acknowledge Jaime Conde and Katja Siemund for their valuable contribution with photographs of the recaptured whale; as well as the General Directorate of Maritime Territory and Marine Merchant of the Chilean Navy, Jose Luis Brito from the Natural Science and Archeological Museum of San Antonio and members of the National Marine Mammal Sighting Network for their important collaboration. We would also like to thank Francisco and Miguel Altamirano for their support with the marine survey, Magdalena Altamirano for contributing the videotape showing the reproductive behavior and Roberto Brahm for contributing the video showing the southernmost record of a mother-calf pair. Our special gratitude to Juan Carlos Cardenas and Jose Truda Palazzo Jr. for their continuing support of the Southern Right Whale Project/Chile and the Global Greengrants Fund for funding the project. We would also like to thank Carole Carlson, Katherine Ralls, Vicky Rowntree, Mariano Sironi, and two anonymous reviewers for their improvements to the note. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 389 EP 398 DI 10.1111/mms.12030 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 277LY UT WOS:000328822200024 ER PT J AU Schunter, C Garza, JC Macpherson, E Pascual, M AF Schunter, C. Garza, J. C. Macpherson, E. Pascual, M. TI SNP development from RNA-seq data in a nonmodel fish: how many individuals are needed for accurate allele frequency prediction? SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE minor allele frequency; non-model species; RNA-seq; SNP development; Tripterygion delaisi ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; REFERENCE GENOME; SEQUENCING DATA; POPULATION; PARENTAGE; PISCES; BLENNIOIDEI; EVOLUTION; DISCOVERY; MARKERS AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are rapidly becoming the marker of choice in population genetics due to a variety of advantages relative to other markers, including higher genomic density, data quality, reproducibility and genotyping efficiency, as well as ease of portability between laboratories. Advances in sequencing technology and methodologies to reduce genomic representation have made the isolation of SNPs feasible for nonmodel organisms. RNA-seq is one such technique for the discovery of SNPs and development of markers for large-scale genotyping. Here, we report the development of 192 validated SNP markers for parentage analysis in Tripterygion delaisi (the black-faced blenny), a small rocky-shore fish from the Mediterranean Sea. RNA-seq data for 15 individual samples were used for SNP discovery by applying a series of selection criteria. Genotypes were then collected from 1599 individuals from the same population with the resulting loci. Differences in heterozygosity and allele frequencies were found between the two data sets. Heterozygosity was lower, on average, in the population sample, and the mean difference between the frequencies of particular alleles in the two data sets was 0.135 +/- 0.100. We used bootstrap resampling of the sequence data to predict appropriate sample sizes for SNP discovery. As cDNA library production is time-consuming and expensive, we suggest that using seven individuals for RNA sequencing reduces the probability of discarding highly informative SNP loci, due to lack of observed polymorphism, whereas use of more than 12 samples does not considerably improve prediction of true allele frequencies. C1 [Schunter, C.; Macpherson, E.] CSIC, CEAB, Blanes 17300, Spain. [Schunter, C.; Pascual, M.] Univ Barcelona, Dept Genet, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. [Garza, J. C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Schunter, C (reprint author), CSIC, CEAB, Car Acc Cala St Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Spain. EM celiaschunter@gmail.com RI Pascual, Marta/M-7626-2015; Schunter, Celia/F-2507-2016 OI Pascual, Marta/0000-0002-6189-0612; Schunter, Celia/0000-0003-3620-2731 FU Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the BENTHOMICS project [CTM2010-22218-C02]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the FBBVA project [BIOCON 08 - 187/09] FX We thank S. Vollmer for the help with the de novo transcriptome assembly. We are grateful to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Molecular Ecology Team, especially V. Apkenas, C. Columbus, E. Gilbert-Horvath, D. Barshis, E. Anderson, D. Pearse and A. Abadia-Cardoso for support and helpful comments. We also thank C. Pegueroles for bioinformatic expertise. This work was partially funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the BENTHOMICS (CTM2010-22218-C02) project and the FBBVA project (BIOCON 08 - 187/09). The authors CS, EM and MP are part of the research group 2009SGR-636, 2009SGR-665 of the Generalitat de Catalunya. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 37 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12155 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271DX UT WOS:000328372500018 PM 23992151 ER PT J AU Do, C Waples, RS Peel, D Macbeth, GM Tillett, BJ Ovenden, JR AF Do, C. Waples, R. S. Peel, D. Macbeth, G. M. Tillett, B. J. Ovenden, J. R. TI NEESTIMATOR v2: re-implementation of software for the estimation of contemporary effective population size (N-e) from genetic data SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE heterozygote-excess; linkage disequilibrium; molecular coancestry; Plan I and II temporal sampling ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ALLELE FREQUENCY; EFFECTIVE NUMBER; PROGRAM; CONSERVATION; EVOLUTION; BREEDERS; SAMPLE; DRIFT AB NeEstimator v2 is a completely revised and updated implementation of software that produces estimates of contemporary effective population size, using several different methods and a single input file. NeEstimator v2 includes three single-sample estimators (updated versions of the linkage disequilibrium and heterozygote-excess methods, and a new method based on molecular coancestry), as well as the two-sample (moment-based temporal) method. New features include the following: (i) an improved method for accounting for missing data; (ii) options for screening out rare alleles; (iii) confidence intervals for all methods; (iv) the ability to analyse data sets with large numbers of genetic markers (10000 or more); (v) options for batch processing large numbers of different data sets, which will facilitate cross-method comparisons using simulated data; and (vi) correction for temporal estimates when individuals sampled are not removed from the population (Plan I sampling). The user is given considerable control over input data and composition, and format of output files. The freely available software has a new JAVA interface and runs under MacOS, Linux and Windows. C1 [Do, C.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Waples, R. S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Peel, D.] CSIRO Computat Informat, Hobart, Tas 7004, Australia. [Macbeth, G. M.] Queensland Dept Agr Fisheries & Forestry, Brisbane, Qld 4000, Australia. [Tillett, B. J.] UWA Oceans Inst, Australian Inst Marine Sci, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Ovenden, J. R.] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Mol Fisheries Lab, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Ovenden, JR (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Mol Fisheries Lab, Otto Hirschfeld Bldg 81, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM zljovend@uq.edu.au RI Ovenden, Jennifer/A-3717-2010; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 20 TC 208 Z9 210 U1 19 U2 170 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1755-098X EI 1755-0998 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 14 IS 1 BP 209 EP 214 DI 10.1111/1755-0998.12157 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 271DX UT WOS:000328372500023 PM 23992227 ER PT J AU Piau, L Collet, R Stein, RF Trampedach, R Morel, P Turck-Chieze, S AF Piau, L. Collet, R. Stein, R. F. Trampedach, R. Morel, P. Turck-Chieze, S. TI Models of solar surface dynamics: impact on eigenfrequencies and radius SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Sun: helioseismology ID STELLAR EVOLUTION CALCULATIONS; OF-STATE TABLES; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; GENERAL-PROPERTIES; MAIN-SEQUENCE; CONVECTION; FREQUENCIES; ATMOSPHERES; GRANULATION; SUN AB We study the effects of different descriptions of the solar surface convection on the eigenfrequencies of p modes. 1D evolution calculations of the whole Sun and 3D hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the current surface are performed. These calculations rely on realistic physics. Averaged stratifications of the 3D simulations are introduced in the 1D solar evolution or in the structure models. The eigenfrequencies obtained are compared to those of 1D models relying on the usual phenomenologies of convection and to observations of the Michelson Doppler Imager instrument aboard the Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO). We also investigate how the magnetic activity could change the eigenfrequencies and the solar radius, assuming that, 3 Mm below the surface, the upgoing plasma advects a 1.2 kG horizontal field. All models and observed eigenfrequencies are fairly close below 3 mHz. Above 3 mHz the eigenfrequencies of the phenomenological convection models are above the observed eigenfrequencies. The frequencies of the models based on the 3D simulations are slightly below the observed frequencies. Their maximum deviation is approximate to 3 mu Hz at 3 mHz but drops below 1 mu Hz at 4 mHz. Replacing the hydrodynamic by the magnetohydrodynamic simulation increases the eigenfrequencies. The shift is negligible below 2.2 mHz and then increases linearly with frequency to reach approximate to 1.7 mu Hz at 4 mHz. The impact of the simulated activity is a 14 mas shrinking of the solar layers near the optical depth unity. C1 [Collet, R.] Australian Natl Univ, Res Sch Astron & Astrophys, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia. [Stein, R. F.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron East Lansing, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Trampedach, R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trampedach, R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morel, P.] Observ Cote Azur, F-06304 Nice 4, France. [Turck-Chieze, S.] CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Piau, L (reprint author), 52 Ave Italie, F-75013 Paris, France. EM lrnt_p@yahoo.com FU Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award [DE120102940] FX We thank the anonymous referee for significantly contributing to the improvement of this work. Remo Collet is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Researcher Award (project number DE120102940). Part of this work was done at the UMR8190 of CNRS. The initial calculations were performed at the CCRT facility at CEA. NR 48 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 437 IS 1 BP 164 EP 175 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt1866 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 271EB UT WOS:000328373000034 ER PT J AU Kruusmaa, M Tan, XB Laschi, C Fioroni, P Madhavan, R AF Kruusmaa, Maarja Tan, Xiaobo Laschi, Cecilia Fioroni, Paolo Madhavan, Raj TI Guest editorial: New boundaries for robotics SO ROBOTICS AND AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kruusmaa, Maarja] Tallinn Univ Technol, Ctr Biorobot, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia. [Tan, Xiaobo] Michigan State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Laschi, Cecilia] Scuola Super Sant Anna, BioRobot Inst, Pisa, Italy. [Fioroni, Paolo] Univ Verona, Dept Comp Sci, I-37100 Verona, Italy. [Madhavan, Raj] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Madhavan, Raj] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kruusmaa, M (reprint author), Tallinn Univ Technol, Ctr Biorobot, EE-19086 Tallinn, Estonia. EM Maarja.Kruusmaa@ttu.ee RI Kruusmaa, Maarja/H-4620-2015; OI Laschi, Cecilia/0000-0001-5248-1043 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8890 EI 1872-793X J9 ROBOT AUTON SYST JI Robot. Auton. Syst. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 62 IS 1 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.robot.2012.12.002 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Robotics GA 275FZ UT WOS:000328663000001 ER PT J AU Schultz, BJ Dennis, RV Aldinger, JP Jaye, C Wang, X Fischer, DA Cartwright, AN Banerjee, S AF Schultz, Brian J. Dennis, Robert V. Aldinger, Jeffrey P. Jaye, Cherno Wang, Xi Fischer, Daniel A. Cartwright, Alexander N. Banerjee, Sarbajit TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies of electronic structure recovery and nitrogen local structure upon thermal reduction of graphene oxide in an ammonia environment SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID EDGE STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHITE OXIDE; DOPED GRAPHENE; FINE-STRUCTURE; FILMS; HYBRIDIZATION; TRANSPARENT; PROGRESS; NEXAFS AB Annealing graphene oxide under an ammonia environment provides a facile approach to defunctionalise this material while simultaneously enabling nitrogen incorporation en route to the preparation of chemically derived graphene. Here, we use X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) in conjunction with near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to probe both the global recovery of electronic structure in this material as well as to monitor evolution of the local structure of incorporated nitrogen atoms when graphene oxide is reduced under an ammonia gas environment at ambient and low pressures in the temperature range between 250 and 1000 degrees C. The local structure and extent of recovery of the pi-conjugated framework is correlated to electrical conductivity measurements. Angle-resolved C K-edge NEXAFS spectra along with O K-edge NEXAFS and C 1s high-resolution XPS spectra suggest that hydroxyl and epoxide functional groups on the basal plane of graphene oxide are eliminated upon annealing to a temperature of 250 degrees C, bringing about substantial restoration of the pi-conjugated framework of graphene. Furthermore, an increase in the in-plane orientation of constituent graphene oxide flakes is observed up to a temperature of 750 degrees C for annealing under both sets of conditions and is manifested as a greater spread in the intensity of the C K-edge pi* resonance as a function of angle of incidence of the X-ray beam. Angle-resolved N K-edge NEXAFS spectra and high-resolution N 1s XPS spectra supplement the global view of recovery of pi-conjugation with a local perspective of the chemical bonding environments of incorporated nitrogen atoms. Three distinct modes of nitrogen incorporation are evidenced: amine or nitrile like (N1), pyridinic (N2), and substitutional/graphitic (N3). The data suggest that nitrogen is initially incorporated as nitrile like functionalities at lower temperatures with these moieties protruding above and below the graphene basal plane; however, the nitrile and amine groups are subsequently transformed at higher temperatures through the elimination of oxygenated functional groups and reconstitution of the sp(2)-hybridized network to in-plane pyridinic and graphitic moieties. The latter two configurations are seen to substantially enhance the conductivity of reduced graphene oxide. C1 [Schultz, Brian J.; Dennis, Robert V.; Aldinger, Jeffrey P.; Banerjee, Sarbajit] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Xi; Cartwright, Alexander N.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Elect Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Banerjee, S (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM sb244@buffalo.edu RI Cartwright, Alexander/C-4380-2008 OI Cartwright, Alexander/0000-0002-0921-8036 FU National Science Foundation SSTEM fellowship; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Certain commercial names are presented in this manuscript for purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by NIST. RVD acknowledges support from a National Science Foundation SSTEM fellowship. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The XPS instrument used in this study was acquired through support from the National Science Foundation under CHE 1048740. NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 67 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 2 BP 634 EP 644 DI 10.1039/c3ra45591b PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 264AQ UT WOS:000327849700019 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Davis, R AF Kim, Yeon Seok Davis, Rick TI Multi-walled carbon nanotube layer-by-layer coatings with a trilayer structure to reduce foam flammability SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE Layer-by-layer assembly; Carbon nanotube; Trilayer; Flammability; Polyurethane foam; Cone calorimeter ID THIN-FILM ASSEMBLIES; GAS BARRIER; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; POLYURETHANE FOAM; FILLED COATINGS; NANOCOMPOSITES; GROWTH; COTTON; POLYELECTROLYTES; SURFACTANTS AB In order to improve the stability and growth speed of coating, a trilayer (TL) methodology was adapted and resulting film shows high thickness compared to the dimensions of the carbon nanotube. First, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes were functionalized via simple direct amination to be stabilized in the water with positive surface charge. Amine functionalized carbon nanotubes were deposited on polyurethane foam using layer-by-layer assembly with a TL approach. Additional polyethyleneimine layer promote the interaction between carbon nanotube and polymer layers resulting in uniform, durable and thick coating. The 440 +/- 47 nm thick 4 TL coatings of polyacrylic acid, polyethyleneimine functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and polyethyleneimine completely covers the entire internal and external surfaces of the foam. Microscopic images confirm strong polymer/nanotube interaction due to additional polyethyleneimine layer and well dispersed carbon nanotube network on the polyurethane foam surface. The carbon nanotube network created by the layer-by-layer process significantly reduces the flammability of foam (e.g., 35 +/- 3%) reduction in peak heat release rate and prevents pool fire by creating protective layer. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kim, Yeon Seok; Davis, Rick] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, R (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012 NR 38 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 52 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JAN 1 PY 2014 VL 550 BP 184 EP 189 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.10.167 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 272YP UT WOS:000328499700030 ER PT J AU Kamin, LM Palof, KJ Heifetz, J Gharrett, AJ AF Kamin, Lisa M. Palof, Katie J. Heifetz, Jonathan Gharrett, Anthony J. TI Interannual and spatial variation in the population genetic composition of young-of-the-year Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus) in the Gulf of Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bering Sea; genetic structure; Gulf of Alaska; isolation-by-distance; microsatellites; oceanic currents; Pacific ocean perch; rockfish; young-of-the-year ID LIMITED LARVAL DISPERSAL; QUEEN-CHARLOTTE SOUND; ROCKFISH SEBASTES; MARINE POPULATIONS; SELF-RECRUITMENT; GENUS SEBASTES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; ROUGHEYE ROCKFISH; UPWELLING REGION AB Little is known about the population structure of Alaskan rockfishes, including Pacific ocean perch (POP, Sebastes alutus), and how persistent and variable oceanographic features may influence their structures. Moreover, early life history information is sparse for many species. We used data from 14 microsatellite loci to characterize the genetic structure of young-of-the-year Pacific ocean perch collected during 1998-2003 from the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. Broad-scale geographic variation in genetic structure of the young-of-the-year (F-ST=0.005, P<10(-4)) had similarities to that observed in a previous adult study. The overall correlation between genetic and geographic distance (isolation by distance) was nearly identical to that observed in the adults. Fine-scale geographic divergence was also observed and may be the result of oceanographic circulation features within the Gulf of Alaska. Interannual variation (between cohorts) at locations sampled in more than oneyear is consistent with variable oceanography and fine-scale population structure rather than the influence of a sweepstakes effect. The similarities of the young-of-the-year with the adults and the pattern of genetic divergence confirm that dispersal of Pacific ocean perch is limited in all life stages. C1 [Kamin, Lisa M.; Palof, Katie J.; Gharrett, Anthony J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Heifetz, Jonathan] NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Gharrett, AJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Div Fisheries, 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM a.gharrett@alaska.edu FU North Pacific Research Board [520]; School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Dr. H. Richard Carlson Scholarship FX We thank scientists from the NOAA Fisheries Auke Bay Laboratories for collecting the samples used in this study and D. Tallmon, P. Barry, A. Godinez, and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier drafts. Funding for this project was provided by the North Pacific Research Board (#520) to A.J.G., and the School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks. This project was also supported by the Dr. H. Richard Carlson Scholarship. The findings and conclusions of the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. We also acknowledge the MODIS mission scientists and associated NASA personnel for the production of the data used in this research effort. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1111/fog.12038 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 262NU UT WOS:000327743200001 ER PT J AU Mourato, BL Hazin, F Bigelow, K Musyl, M Carvalho, F Hazin, H AF Mourato, Bruno L. Hazin, Fabio Bigelow, Keith Musyl, Michael Carvalho, Felipe Hazin, Humberto TI Spatio-temporal trends of sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus catch rates in relation to spawning ground and environmental factors in the equatorial and southwestern Atlantic Ocean SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; environmental effects; generalized additive models; sailfish; spatial prediction; spawning ground ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; HABITAT COMPRESSION; BILLFISHES; DISTRIBUTIONS; ASSESSMENTS; CONCURVITY; MOVEMENTS; PACIFIC; FISHES; SERIES AB Spatial and temporal trends of sailfish catch rates in the southwestern and equatorial Atlantic Ocean in relation to environmental variables were investigated using generalized additive models and fishery-dependent data. Two generalized additive models were fit: (i) spatio-temporal', including only latitude, longitude, month, and year; and (ii) oceanographic', including sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration, wind velocity, bottom depth, and depth of mixed layer and year. The spatio-temporal model explained more (average similar to 40%) of the variability in catch rates than the oceanographic model (average similar to 30%). Modeled catch rate predictions showed that sailfish tend to aggregate off the southeast coast of Brazil during the peak of the spawning season (November to February). Sailfish also seem to aggregate for feeding in two different areas, one located in the mid-west Atlantic to the south of similar to 15 degrees S and another area off the north coast of Brazil. The oceanographic model revealed that wind velocity and chlorophyll-a concentration were the most important variables describing catch rate variability. The results presented herein may help to understand sailfish movements in the Atlantic Ocean and the relationship of these movements with environmental effects. C1 [Mourato, Bruno L.; Hazin, Fabio; Hazin, Humberto] Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Pesca & Aquicultura, Lab Oceanog Pesqueira R Dom Manoel de Medeiros, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Mourato, Bruno L.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Oceanog, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil. [Bigelow, Keith] NOAA, Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Musyl, Michael] Pelag Res Grp LLC, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. [Carvalho, Felipe] Univ Florida, Sch Forest Resources & Conservat, Program Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Mourato, BL (reprint author), Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Pesca & Aquicultura, Lab Oceanog Pesqueira R Dom Manoel de Medeiros, S-N Dois Irmaos, BR-52171900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM bruno.pesca@gmail.com RI Mourato, Bruno/E-2820-2012; Hazin, Humberto/P-3240-2016 OI Hazin, Humberto/0000-0002-5999-2230 FU Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture of Brazil (MPA); National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil) FX This study was funded by the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture of Brazil (MPA). The senior author acknowledges receipt of a doctoral scholarship from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, Brazil). We also thank Dr. Chi-Lu Sun, Dr. Richard Brill, Dr. Jeffrey Runge and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments and suggestions on earlier drafts of this paper. A portion of this study was completed by the senior author as a visiting scholar at the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR, University of Hawaii). NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.1111/fog.12040 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 262NU UT WOS:000327743200003 ER PT J AU Song, J Renegar, TB Soons, J Muralikrishnan, B Villarrubia, J Zheng, A Vorburger, TV AF Song, J. Renegar, T. B. Soons, J. Muralikrishnan, B. Villarrubia, J. Zheng, A. Vorburger, T. V. TI The effect of tip size on the measured Ra of surface roughness specimens with rectangular profiles SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Surface metrology; Roughness average; Roughness calibration; Rectangular profile, Stylus radius; Type C roughness specimen AB When measuring rectangular and trapezoidal profile roughness specimens, the stylus tip increases the measured profile peak width and decreases the measured valley width. This can cause either an increase or a decrease in the apparent roughness average Ra, depending on the tip size and the ratio of peak width to valley width. Sometimes the change is larger than the combined measurement uncertainty from other sources. This raises the question as to whether measured surface parameters should be corrected for the effect of tip size. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Song, J.; Renegar, T. B.; Soons, J.; Muralikrishnan, B.; Villarrubia, J.; Zheng, A.; Vorburger, T. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM song@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 EI 1873-2372 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 38 IS 1 BP 217 EP 220 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2013.07.001 PG 4 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 270EE UT WOS:000328300900026 ER PT J AU Capps, SB Hall, A Hughes, M AF Capps, Scott B. Hall, Alex Hughes, Mimi TI Sensitivity of southern California wind energy to turbine characteristics SO WIND ENERGY LA English DT Article DE wind energy; wind turbine characteristics; atmospheric science ID URBAN CANOPY MODEL; SPEED PROFILE; GENERATORS; ACCURACY; WRF AB Using output from a high-resolution meteorological simulation, we evaluate the sensitivity of southern California wind energy generation to variations in key characteristics of current wind turbines. These characteristics include hub height, rotor diameter and rated power, and depend on turbine make and model. They shape the turbine's power curve and thus have large implications for the energy generation capacity of wind farms. For each characteristic, we find complex and substantial geographical variations in the sensitivity of energy generation. However, the sensitivity associated with each characteristic can be predicted by a single corresponding climate statistic, greatly simplifying understanding of the relationship between climate and turbine optimization for energy production. In the case of the sensitivity to rotor diameter, the change in energy output per unit change in rotor diameter at any location is directly proportional to the weighted average wind speed between the cut-in speed and the rated speed. The sensitivity to rated power variations is likewise captured by the percent of the wind speed distribution between the turbines rated and cut-out speeds. Finally, the sensitivity to hub height is proportional to lower atmospheric wind shear. Using a wind turbine component cost model, we also evaluate energy output increase per dollar investment in each turbine characteristic. We find that rotor diameter increases typically provide a much larger wind energy boost per dollar invested, although there are some zones where investment in the other two characteristics is competitive. Our study underscores the need for joint analysis of regional climate, turbine engineering and economic modeling to optimize wind energy production. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Capps, Scott B.; Hall, Alex] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Hughes, Mimi] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hughes, Mimi] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Capps, SB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM scapps@atmos.ucla.edu RI Hall, Alex/D-8175-2014; Hughes, Mimi/C-3710-2009 OI Hughes, Mimi/0000-0002-4554-9289 FU U.S. Department of Energy; City of Los Angeles FX The authors are grateful to Kevin Standish for providing invaluable guidance and input regarding turbine power curves and costs. Funding for this study was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy and the City of Los Angeles. SODAR data were provided by the South Coast Air Quality Management District. BLP data were obtained from the Meteorological Assimilation Data Ingest System (MADIS, http://madis.noaa.gov/). Surface observations were provided by the National Climatic Data Center. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1095-4244 EI 1099-1824 J9 WIND ENERGY JI Wind Energy PD JAN PY 2014 VL 17 IS 1 BP 141 EP 159 DI 10.1002/we.1570 PG 19 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 267IW UT WOS:000328091700009 ER PT J AU Cheung, KP Lu, JW Jiao, GF Vaz, C Campbell, JP Ryan, JT AF Cheung, K. P. Lu, J. W. Jiao, G. F. Vaz, C. Campbell, J. P. Ryan, J. T. GP IEEE BE Tang, TA Zhou, J TI Impact of BTI on Random Logic Circuit Critical Timing SO 2014 12TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE AND INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY (ICSICT) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit Technology CY OCT 28-31, 2014 CL Guilin, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE Beijing Sect, Fudan Univ, Guilin Univ of Technol, IEEE Electron Devices Soc Shanghai Chapter, IEEE SSCS Shanghai Chapter, The IET, Nat Sci Fdn of China ID BIAS TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; RELIABILITY C1 [Cheung, K. P.; Lu, J. W.; Jiao, G. F.; Vaz, C.; Campbell, J. P.; Ryan, J. T.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3282-5 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2LQ UT WOS:000380478500129 ER PT J AU Marvel, JA AF Marvel, Jeremy A. BE Chen, XW Qu, G Angelov, P Ferri, C Lai, JH Wani, MA TI Adaptive Restructuring of Radial Basis Functions Using Integrate-and-Fire Neurons SO 2014 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MACHINE LEARNING AND APPLICATIONS (ICMLA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA) CY DEC 03-06, 2014 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE Comp Soc, AML&A, IEEE, Wayne State Univ DE radial basis functions; neural networks; feed-forward networks; machine learning ID SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY AB This paper proposes a neurobiology-based extension of integrate-and-fire models of Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFNN) that adapts to novel stimuli by means of dynamic restructuring of the network's structural parameters. The new architecture automatically balances synapses modulation, re-centers hidden Radial Basis Functions (RBFs), and stochastically shifts parameter-space decision planes to maintain homeostasis. Example results are provided throughout the paper to illustrate the effects of changes to the RBFNN model. C1 [Marvel, Jeremy A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marvel, JA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.marvel@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7415-3 PY 2014 BP 189 EP 194 DI 10.1109/ICMLA.2014.35 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA BF2DW UT WOS:000380459000031 ER PT S AU Badaroglu, M Ng, K Salmani, M Kim, S Klimeck, G Chang, CP Cheung, C Fukuzaki, Y AF Badaroglu, Mustafa Ng, Kwok Salmani, Mehdi Kim, SungGeun Klimeck, Gerhard Chang, Chorng-Ping Cheung, Charles (Kin P) Fukuzaki, Yuzo GP IEEE TI More Moore Landscape for System Readiness-ITRS2.0 Requirements SO 2014 32ND IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER DESIGN (ICCD) SE Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Computer Design LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD) CY OCT 19-22, 2014 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, Hynix Co Ltd DE ITRS; PIDS; More Moore; roadmap; device; interconnect; lithography AB CMOS scaling enabled simultaneous system throughput scaling by concurrent delay, power, and area shrinks with thanks to Moore's law. System scaling is getting more difficult with the limitations in interconnect and bandwidth per power as well as the difficulties and cost of monolithic integration. This requires a holistic approach for an optimal balance of performance and power under the limits of technology. This paper covers a portfolio of More Moore technologies for power-aware device enabling value proposition for system scaling - where requirements and gaps will be addressed in the ITRS2.0 roadmap. C1 [Badaroglu, Mustafa] Qualcomm Technol, Leuven, Belgium. [Ng, Kwok] SRC, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Salmani, Mehdi; Klimeck, Gerhard] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kim, SungGeun] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. [Chang, Chorng-Ping] Appl Mat Inc, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA. [Cheung, Charles (Kin P)] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fukuzaki, Yuzo] Sony Corp, Atsugi, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Badaroglu, M (reprint author), Qualcomm Technol, Leuven, Belgium. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6404 BN 978-1-4799-6492-5 J9 PR IEEE COMP DESIGN PY 2014 BP 140 EP 145 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE2QP UT WOS:000369867800021 ER PT S AU White, MG Dowell, ML Lehman, JH AF White, Malcolm G. Dowell, Marla L. Lehman, John H. GP IEEE TI Traceable terahertz power metrology at NIST SO 2014 39TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER, AND TERAHERTZ WAVES (IRMMW-THZ) SE International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz) CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL Tucson, AZ SP THORLABS, Tydex, TOPTICA Photon, Bruker, Gentec EO, Lake Shore Cryotron, Ekspla, Zomega, TeraSense, Insight Product, Emcore, QMC Instruments, TeraView, NeaSpec, Advantest, MenloSystems, Traycer, Microtech Instruments Inc, LongWave Photon, Virginia Diodes Inc, ASU, MTT S, Journal Infrared Millimeter & Tera Hertz Waves, Tera Hertz Sci & Technol, Army Res Off AB We discuss measurement system and method for establishing traceability of terahertz (THz) power to NIST standards over a 0.3 to 7.5 THz range. In addition, we describe the performance of an electrically-calibrated thermopile detector, which is used as the NIST standard for THz power measurements. Specifically, we present measurements of the reflectance and spatial uniformity of the thermopile detector. C1 [White, Malcolm G.; Dowell, Marla L.; Lehman, John H.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP White, MG (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2162-2027 BN 978-1-4799-3877-3 J9 INT CONF INFRA MILLI PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BF0IL UT WOS:000378889200042 ER PT S AU Blattner, T Keyrouz, W Chalfoun, J Stivalet, B Brady, M Zhou, SJ AF Blattner, Timothy Keyrouz, Walid Chalfoun, Joe Stivalet, Bertrand Brady, Mary Zhou, Shujia GP IEEE TI A Hybrid CPU-GPU System for Stitching Large Scale Optical Microscopy Images SO 2014 43RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PARALLEL PROCESSING (ICPP) SE Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Annual International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP) CY SEP 09-12, 2014 CL Minneapolis, MN SP IEEE Comp Soc, Univ Minnesota, Int Assoc Comp & Commun DE Hybrid systems; Parallel Architectures; Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems; Scheduling and task partitioning AB Researchers in various fields are using optical microscopy to acquire very large images, 10 000-200 000 of pixels per side. Optical microscopes acquire these images as grids of overlapping partial images (thousands of pixels per side) that are then stitched together via software. Composing such large images is a compute and data intensive task even for modern machines. Researchers compound this difficulty further by obtaining time-series, volumetric, or multiple channel images with the resulting data sets now having or approaching terabyte sizes. We present a scalable hybrid CPU-GPU implementation of image stitching that processes large image sets at near interactive rates. Our implementation scales well with both image sizes and the number of CPU cores and GPU cards in a machine. It processes a grid of 42x59 tiles into a 17kx22k pixels image in 43 s (end-to-end execution times) when using one NVIDIA Tesla C2070 card and two Intel Xeon E-5620 quad-core CPUs, and in 29 s when using two Tesla C2070 cards and the same two CPUs. It also composes and renders the composite image without saving it in 15 s. In comparison, ImageJ/Fiji, which is widely used by biologists, has an image stitching plugin that takes > 3.6h for the same workload despite being multithreaded and executing the same mathematical operators; it composes and saves the large image in an additional 1.5 h. This implementation takes advantage of coarse-grain parallelism. It organizes the computation into a pipeline architecture that spans CPU and GPU resources and overlaps computation with data motion. The implementation achieves a nearly 10x performance improvement over our optimized non-pipeline GPU implementation and demonstrates near-linear speedup when increasing CPU thread count and increasing number of GPUs. C1 [Blattner, Timothy; Keyrouz, Walid; Chalfoun, Joe; Stivalet, Bertrand; Brady, Mary] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ITL, SSD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Shujia] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Comp Sci, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Keyrouz, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ITL, SSD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM timothy.blattner@nist.gov; walid.keyrouz@nist.gov; joe.chalfoun@nist.gov; bertrand.stivalet@nist.gov; mary.brady@nist.gov; szhou@umbc.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0190-3918 BN 978-1-4799-5618-0 J9 PROC INT CONF PARAL PY 2014 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1109/ICPP.2014.9 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BG9LY UT WOS:000393410400001 ER PT J AU Hassan, AM Obrzut, J Garboczi, EJ AF Hassan, Ahmed M. Obrzut, Jan Garboczi, Edward J. GP IEEE TI Free-space reconstruction of the electrical properties of carbon nanotube based composites in the Q-band range SO 2014 84TH ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference CY DEC 04-05, 2014 CL Boulder, CO DE Free space measurement; microwave error-correction model; nanocarbon composites; non-destructive testing AB A free-space transmission-reflection measurement method for the non-destructive electrical characterization of carbon nanotube based composites was developed. Specifically, this versatile method measures the dielectric properties of the sample in the Q-band, corresponding to a frequency range of 30 GHz to 50 GHz, and can be used with specimens that are either thinner or thicker than the radiation penetration depth. This method also involves an error correction model in order to accurately reconstruct the constitutive dielectric properties of the composites from the measured scattering parameters. In order to perform the error-correction only two reference scattering parameters measurements are required: one from a metal plate of known reflection coefficient and the other from air with no specimen. The simplicity of our error-correction model makes the method attractive for research, development, and for quality control in the manufacturing environment. C1 [Hassan, Ahmed M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Obrzut, Jan] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hassan, AM (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7085-8 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1XT UT WOS:000380443800012 ER PT J AU Houtz, DA Walker, DK Gu, DZ AF Houtz, Derek A. Walker, David K. Gu, Dazhen GP IEEE TI Progress Towards a NIST Microwave Brightness Temperature Standard for Remote Sensing SO 2014 84TH ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference CY DEC 04-05, 2014 CL Boulder, CO DE remote sensing; blackbody; passive microwave; calibration; traceability AB We discuss work at NIST aimed at developing a passive microwave brightness temperature standard. By reducing uncertainty, we can provide better calibrations for future weather and climate-monitoring radiometers. We discuss the calibration procedure used, measured data, and various theoretical and simulated results that have led to an improved understanding of the various uncertainty contributions in the measurement. We overview a Monte Carlo simulation to determine the uncertainty in target brightness temperature as a function of measurement distance and target size. We also discuss other future improvements including an improved blackbody design. The achievable calibration source brightness temperature uncertainty is expected to be reduced from the current 0.7 to 1.0 K from 18 to 65 GHz to less than 0.3 K. C1 [Houtz, Derek A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn & Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Houtz, Derek A.; Walker, David K.; Gu, Dazhen] NIST, RF Elect Grp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Houtz, DA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn & Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Derek.Houtz@colorado.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7085-8 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1XT UT WOS:000380443800021 ER PT J AU Randa, J AF Randa, James GP IEEE TI Comparison of Noise-Parameter Measurement Strategies: Simulation Results for Amplifiers SO 2014 84TH ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference CY DEC 04-05, 2014 CL Boulder, CO DE Amplifier noise measurement; amplifier noise parameters; noise-parameter measurement; measurement uncertainty; Monte Carlo simulation ID DESIGN AB A previously developed simulator for noise-parameter measurements has been used in an extensive investigation and comparison of different measurement strategies for measuring the noise parameters of low-noise amplifiers (LNAs). This paper summarizes the methodology and reports the salient results of that investigation. The simulator is based on a Monte Carlo program for noise-parameter uncertainties and enables us to compare the uncertainties (both type A and type B) obtained with a given set of input terminations. We focus on results that do not depend (or depend only weakly) on details of the device under test (DUT). One noteworthy result is the marked improvement in the noise-parameter measurement uncertainties when a matched, cold (i.e., well below ambient noise temperature) source is included in the set of input terminations. C1 [Randa, James] NIST, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), NIST, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7085-8 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1XT UT WOS:000380443800001 ER PT S AU Agha, IH Ates, S Sapienza, L Srinivasan, K AF Agha, Imad H. Ates, Serkan Sapienza, Luca Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Single-photon-compatible spectral broadening and shaping via nonlinear mixing and phase modulation SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We experimentally demonstrate spectral broadening and shaping of weak mono-exponentially decaying pulses via nonlinear mixing and phase modulation. This method is compatible with single photons wavepackets generated by quantum emitters. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Agha, Imad H.] Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Agha, Imad H.] Univ Dayton, Electroopt Grad Program, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Agha, Imad H.; Ates, Serkan; Sapienza, Luca; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agha, Imad H.; Ates, Serkan; Sapienza, Luca] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Agha, IH (reprint author), Univ Dayton, Dept Phys, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602363 ER PT S AU Allman, MS Verma, VB Horansky, R Marsili, F Stern, JA Shaw, MD Beyer, AD Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Allman, M. S. Verma, V. B. Horansky, R. Marsili, F. Stern, J. A. Shaw, M. D. Beyer, A. D. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI Progress towards a near IR single-photon superconducting nanowire camera for free-space imaging of light SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We describe our progress towards building a free-space coupled array of nanowire detectors with a multiplexed readout. The cryogenic, optical, and electronic packaging to readout the array will be discussed. C1 [Allman, M. S.; Verma, V. B.; Horansky, R.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.; Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.; Beyer, A. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Allman, MS (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Shane.allman@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600146 ER PT S AU Almand-Hunter, AE Li, HB Cundiff, ST Mootz, M Kira, M Koch, SW AF Almand-Hunter, Andrew E. Li, Hebin Cundiff, Steven T. Mootz, Martin Kira, Mackillo Koch, Stephan W. GP IEEE TI Quantum Electron-Hole Droplets in GaAs QuantumWells SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We present evidence from transient-absorption spectra for quantum electron-hole droplets in GaAs quantum wells. Quantum droplets have a two-particle correlation function characteristic of a liquid, but, unlike macroscopic droplets, have quantized binding energy. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Almand-Hunter, Andrew E.; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, Andrew E.; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, Andrew E.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mootz, Martin; Kira, Mackillo; Koch, Stephan W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Almand-Hunter, AE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Almand-Hunter, AE (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600284 ER PT S AU Assmann, M Kira, M Cundiff, ST AF Assmann, M. Kira, M. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Observing the Conditional Decoherence of a Mixed State of Light SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID TOMOGRAPHY AB We demonstrate a method to capture the temporal evolution of a light field using continuous-variable conditional two-time Wigner functions. Reference beams with fixed phase relationship to the signal are not required. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Assmann, M.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Assmann, M.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kira, M.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Assmann, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603218 ER PT S AU Autry, TM Nardin, G Silverman, KL Cundiff, ST AF Autry, T. M. Nardin, G. Silverman, Kevin L. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Multidimensional coherent optical photocurrent spectroscopy of a semiconductor quantum well SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We present a new technique for Multi-Dimensional Coherent spectroscopy of nano-structures. We measure the Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) amplitude and phase via photocurrent detection. The measurement is suitable for any nano-structures that can be electrically contacted. C1 [Autry, T. M.; Nardin, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Autry, T. M.; Nardin, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Autry, T. M.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Silverman, Kevin L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011 OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600462 ER PT S AU Bao, CY Funk, AC Yang, CX Cundiff, ST AF Bao, Chengying Funk, Andrew C. Yang, Changxi Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Pulse dynamics in a mode-locked fiber laser and its quantum limited comb linewidth SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We fully characterized the pulse dynamics in a mode-locked Er fiber laser experimentally by measuring its response to gain modulation. The measurement allows us to evaluate quantum-limited comb linewidth and phase noise spectrum. C1 [Bao, Chengying; Yang, Changxi] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Precis Instruments, State Key Lab Precis Measurement Technol & Instru, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Bao, Chengying; Funk, Andrew C.; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bao, Chengying; Funk, Andrew C.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603138 ER PT S AU Baynes, FN Quinlan, F Fortier, T Zhou, QG Beling, A Campbell, J Diddams, SA AF Baynes, Fred N. Quinlan, Franklyn Fortier, Tara Zhou, Qiugui Beling, Andreas Campbell, Joe Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Optical-to-Microwave Conversion with 1-second Instability at the 10(-17) Level SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID NOISE; PHOTODIODES; GENERATION; STABILITY AB We characterize high-power photodiodes under short pulse illumination for microwave generation. Photodetection limits the 10 GHz instability to 1.4 x 10(-17) at 1 s, corresponding to 1/f phase noise of -135 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz. C1 [Baynes, Fred N.; Quinlan, Franklyn; Fortier, Tara; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhou, Qiugui; Beling, Andreas; Campbell, Joe] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Baynes, FN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601274 ER PT S AU Beha, K Papp, SB Del'Haye, P Quinlan, F Lee, H Vahala, KJ Diddams, SA AF Beha, K. Papp, S. B. Del'Haye, P. Quinlan, F. Lee, H. Vahala, K. J. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI All-optical stabilization of a microresonator frequency comb SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate an optical clock based on stabilization of a microcomb to rubidium optical transitions. The clock's output is the 33 GHz microcomb line spacing, which is a coherent, integer sub-division of the rubidium reference. C1 [Beha, K.; Papp, S. B.; Del'Haye, P.; Quinlan, F.; Diddams, S. A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, H.; Vahala, K. J.] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Beha, K (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM katja.beha@nist.gov RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602052 ER PT S AU Bussieres, F Clausen, C Tiranov, A Korzh, B Verma, V Nam, SW Marsili, F Ferrier, A Goldner, P Herrmann, H Silberhorn, C Sohler, W Afzelius, M Gisin, N AF Bussieres, F. Clausen, C. Tiranov, A. Korzh, B. Verma, V. Nam, S. W. Marsili, F. Ferrier, A. Goldner, P. Herrmann, H. Silberhorn, C. Sohler, W. Afzelius, M. Gisin, N. GP IEEE TI Quantum teleportation from a telecom-wavelength photon to a solid-state quantum memory SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID REPEATERS AB Quantum teleportation [1] is a cornerstone of quantum information science due to its essential role in several important tasks such as the long-distance transmission of quantum information using quantum repeaters [2-4]. In this context, a challenge of paramount importance is the distribution of entanglement between remote nodes, and to use this entanglement as a resource for long-distance light-to-matter quantum teleportation. We report on the demonstration of quantum teleportation of the polarization state of a telecom-wavelength photon onto the state of a solid-state quantum memory. Entanglement is established between a rare-earth-ion doped crystal storing a single photon that is polarization-entangled with a flying telecom-wavelength photon [5, 6]. The latter is jointly measured, using highly efficient superconducting WSi nanowire single-photon detectors [7], with another flying qubit carrying the polarization state to be teleported, which heralds the teleportation. The fidelity of the polarization state of the photon retrieved from the memory is shown to be greater than the maximum fidelity achievable without entanglement, even when the combined distances travelled by the two flying qubits is 25 km of standard optical fibre. This light-to-matter teleportation channel paves the way towards long-distance implementations of quantum networks with solid-state quantum memories. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Bussieres, F.; Clausen, C.; Tiranov, A.; Korzh, B.; Afzelius, M.; Gisin, N.] Univ Geneva, Grp Appl Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Verma, V.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ferrier, A.; Goldner, P.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7574, Chim ParisTech, F-75005 Paris, France. [Herrmann, H.; Silberhorn, C.; Sohler, W.] Univ Paderborn, Appl Phys Integrated Opt Grp, D-33095 Paderborn, Germany. RP Bussieres, F (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Grp Appl Phys, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. EM felix.bussieres@unige.ch NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600493 ER PT S AU Cai, T Bose, R Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Cai, Tao Bose, Ranojoy Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo GP IEEE TI Locally and Reversibly Control the coupling of photonic crystal cavities using photochromic tuning SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID NANOCAVITY LASER AB We demonstrate a method to control the coupling interaction in a coupled-cavity photonic crystal molecule by using a local and reversible photochromic tuning technique. This method is promising for development of integrated photonic devices with large number of cavities. C1 [Cai, Tao; Bose, Ranojoy; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.; Waks, Edo] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cai, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tcai@umd.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602126 ER PT S AU Davanco, M Ates, S Liu, YX Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Ates, Serkan Liu, Yuxiang Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Si3N4 nanobeam optomechanical crystals SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID MODE AB We demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency in sideband-resolved Si3N4 optomechanical crystals supporting optical modes in the 980 nm band and approximate to 4 GHz mechanical resonances, in both ambient conditions and at cryogenic temperatures. (c) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Ates, Serkan; Liu, Yuxiang; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Sr Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ates, Serkan; Liu, Yuxiang] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcelo.davanco@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602073 ER PT S AU Davis, MS Xu, T Bohn, CD Lezec, HJ Agrawal, A AF Davis, Matthew S. Xu, Ting Bohn, Christopher D. Lezec, Henri J. Agrawal, Amit GP IEEE TI Aperiodic single-pixel angle-modulated plasmonic color sorter and angle sensor SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID FILTERS AB We demonstrate the design, simulation and experimental realization of a single aperiodic slit-groove plasmonic device that exhibits angle-selectable RGB color response at optical frequencies, as well as a high quality factor and optical contrast. C1 [Davis, Matthew S.; Agrawal, Amit] Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Xu, Ting; Bohn, Christopher D.; Lezec, Henri J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Davis, MS (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM msdavi01@syr.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601109 ER PT S AU Dean, KM Davis, LM Lubbeck, JL Manna, P Palmer, AE Jimenez, R AF Dean, Kevin M. Davis, Lloyd M. Lubbeck, Jennifer L. Manna, Premashis Palmer, Amy E. Jimenez, Ralph GP IEEE TI Microfluidic Flow Cytometer for Multiparameter Screening of Fluorophore Photophysics SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID RED-FLUORESCENT PROTEINS AB We present a microfluidic cytometer that sorts mammalian or yeast cells by laser force deflection following real-time multibeam, multiparameter fluorescence measurements, including photobleaching, lifetime and expression level, of the intrinsic fluorophores within each cell. C1 [Dean, Kevin M.; Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dean, Kevin M.; Palmer, Amy E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Lloyd M.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Dept Phys, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Davis, Lloyd M.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Space, Ctr Laser Applicat, Tullahoma, TN 37388 USA. [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Manna, Premashis; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Manna, Premashis; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lubbeck, Jennifer L.; Manna, Premashis; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dean, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, BioFrontiers Inst, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.dean@colorado.edu; ldavis@utsi.edu; jlubbeck@gmail.com; premashis.manna@colorado.edu; amy.palmer@colorado.edu; rjimenez@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Davis, Lloyd/D-7648-2013 OI Davis, Lloyd/0000-0002-3169-3044 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602326 ER PT S AU Del'Haye, P Loh, W Beha, K Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Del'Haye, Pascal Loh, William Beha, Katja Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Phase Measurements and Phase-Locking in Microresonator-Based Optical Frequency Combs SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID GENERATION AB We present a novel scheme for precise phase measurements of individual modes in microresonator-based optical frequency combs. We find microcomb states with characteristic phase-steps of multiples of pi and pi/2 in the comb spectrum. C1 [Del'Haye, Pascal; Loh, William; Beha, Katja; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Del'Haye, P (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602055 ER PT S AU Ding, CY Xiong, W Fan, TT Hickstein, DD Popmintchm, T Zhang, XS Walls, M Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Ding, Chengyuan Xiong, Wei Fan, Tingting Hickstein, Daniel D. Popmintchm, Tenio Zhang, Xiaoshi Walls, Mike Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. GP IEEE TI High flux coherent supercontinuum soft X-ray source driven by a single-stage 10 mJ, kHz, Ti:sapphire laser amplifier SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID GENERATION AB We demonstrate the highest flux tabletop coherent soft X-ray source to date, using high harmonics driven by a single-stage Ti:sapphire-pumped OPA at 1.3 mu m. The spectrum extends to 200eV, with a flux of >10(6) photons/pulse/1% bandwidth. C1 [Ding, Chengyuan; Xiong, Wei; Fan, Tingting; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Popmintchm, Tenio; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ding, Chengyuan; Xiong, Wei; Fan, Tingting; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Popmintchm, Tenio; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ding, Chengyuan; Xiong, Wei; Fan, Tingting; Hickstein, Daniel D.; Popmintchm, Tenio; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Xiaoshi; Walls, Mike] Kapteyn Murnane Labs, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Ding, CY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Ding, CY (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Chengyuan.ding@colorado.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601016 ER PT S AU Dyer, SD Wadleigh, L Verma, V Nam, SW AF Dyer, Shellee D. Wadleigh, Laura Verma, Varun Nam, Sae Woo GP IEEE TI Widely-Detuned All-Fiber Photon Pair Source in Standard Telecom Fiber SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate photon pair generation in the telecom O- and L-bands thru spontaneous four-wave mixing in fiber. These wavelengths have low loss in fiber and are widely detuned from the pump, which simplifies filtering and reduces Raman. C1 [Dyer, Shellee D.; Verma, Varun; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wadleigh, Laura] Carleton Coll, Dept Phys, Northfield, MN 55057 USA. RP Dyer, SD (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdyer@boulder.nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601080 ER PT S AU Fang, B Cohen, O Liscidini, M Sipe, JE Lorenz, VO AF Fang, B. Cohen, O. Liscidini, M. Sipe, J. E. Lorenz, V. O. GP IEEE TI High-resolution, stimulated-emission-based measurement of the joint spectral correlations of photon pairs produced in optical fiber SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate the measurement of photon-pair joint spectral correlations in optical fiber through stimulated four-wave mixing. This method enables us to study correlations more easily, precisely and quickly than with traditional coincidence counting measurements. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Fang, B.; Lorenz, V. O.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Cohen, O.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Cohen, O.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Liscidini, M.] Univ Pavia, Dept Phys, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Sipe, J. E.] Univ Toronto, Inst Opt Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Fang, B (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM bfang@udel.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600416 ER PT S AU Fortsch, M Schunk, G Furst, J Sedlmeir, F Strekalov, D Schwefel, HGL Gerrits, T Stevens, MJ Nam, SW Leuchs, G Marquardt, C AF Foertsch, Michael Schunk, Gerhard Fuerst, Josef Sedlmeir, Florian Strekalov, Dmitry Schwefel, Harald G. L. Gerrits, Thomas Stevens, Martin J. Nam, Sae Woo Leuchs, Gerd Marquardt, Christoph GP IEEE TI Highly efficient generation of narrow-band single-mode photon pairs from a whispering gallery mode resonator SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We present a highly efficient narrow-band pair-photon source based on a crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator, which emits photons in exactly one spatiotemporal mode. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Foertsch, Michael; Schunk, Gerhard; Fuerst, Josef; Sedlmeir, Florian; Strekalov, Dmitry; Schwefel, Harald G. L.; Leuchs, Gerd; Marquardt, Christoph] May Planck Inst Sci Light, Gunther Scharowsky Str 1,Bau 24, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Foertsch, Michael; Schunk, Gerhard; Fuerst, Josef; Sedlmeir, Florian; Schwefel, Harald G. L.; Leuchs, Gerd; Marquardt, Christoph] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Opt Informat & Photon, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Foertsch, Michael; Schunk, Gerhard; Sedlmeir, Florian] SAOT, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany. [Gerrits, Thomas; Stevens, Martin J.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fortsch, M (reprint author), May Planck Inst Sci Light, Gunther Scharowsky Str 1,Bau 24, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM Michael.Foertsch@mpl.mpg.de RI Leuchs, Gerd/G-6178-2012; Marquardt, Christoph/E-5332-2011 OI Leuchs, Gerd/0000-0003-1967-2766; Marquardt, Christoph/0000-0002-5045-513X NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601084 ER PT S AU Gerrits, T Marsili, F Shaw, M Bartley, TJ Nam, SW AF Gerrits, Thomas Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew Bartley, Tim J. Nam, Sae Woo GP IEEE TI Four-Photon Joint Spectral Probability Distribution of a High Spectral-Purity Photon Source SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We present the joint spectral amplitudes for a single and double photon pair from a spectrally factorizable type-II parametric downconversion process and show that the first Schmidt mode of double pair emission equals the square of the first single pair emission Schmidt mode. C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815 04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Matthew] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bartley, Tim J.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815 04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerrits@.nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601331 ER PT S AU Gerrity, MR Brown, S Popmintchev, T Murnane, MM Kaptevn, HC Backus, S AF Gerrity, M. R. Brown, S. Popmintchev, T. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Backus, S. GP IEEE TI High Repetition Rate, mJ-Level, mid-IR OPCPA System SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID AMPLIFIER; PULSES; ENERGY; LASER AB We describe a kHz repetition-rate mid-IR laser system based on OPCPA, optimized for soft x-ray high harmonic generation. To date we have demonstrated 1.4mJ at 1.6 mu m, and 550 mu J at 3 mu m, each with bandwidth compressible to <100fs. C1 [Gerrity, M. R.; Brown, S.; Popmintchev, T.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gerrity, M. R.; Brown, S.; Popmintchev, T.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Backus, S.] Kapteyn Murnane Labs Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Backus, S.] Colorado State Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Gerrity, MR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.gerrity@colorado.edu RI Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008 OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603021 ER PT S AU Glebov, BL Fan, JY Migdall, AL Lita, AE Nam, SW Gerrits, T AF Glebov, Boris L. Fan, Jingyun Migdall, Alan L. Lita, Adriana E. Nam, Sae Woo Gerrits, Thomas GP IEEE TI An Improved Method for Photon-Number Discrimination for Transition-Edge Sensors SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB Proposed discrimination of photon numbers is based on sum-squared error between an individual detector response curve and a calibration suite of response templates corresponding to a range of photon numbers. Templates for low numbers are obtained directly from data. Templates for higher photon numbers are extrapolated from fits describing incremental differences between successive low-number response templates. C1 [Glebov, Boris L.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lita, Adriana E.; Nam, Sae Woo; Gerrits, Thomas] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Glebov, BL (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM boris.glebov@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600276 ER PT S AU Hansom, J Schulte, CHH Le Gall, C Matthiesen, C Clarke, E Taylor, JM Atature, M AF Hansom, Jack Schulte, Carsten H. H. Le Gall, Claire Matthiesen, Clemens Clarke, Edmund Taylor, Jacob M. Atatuere, Mete GP IEEE TI Reservoir-assisted coherent control of a quantum dot spin SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate all-optical coherent manipulation of a quantum dot spin through coherent population trapping with a sub-linewidth spin splitting, enabled by the hyperfine interaction with a mesoscopic nuclear spin ensemble. C1 [Hansom, Jack; Schulte, Carsten H. H.; Le Gall, Claire; Matthiesen, Clemens; Atatuere, Mete] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Clarke, Edmund] Univ Sheffield, EPSRC Natl Ctr Technol 3 5, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Taylor, Jacob M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hansom, J (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. EM jh789@cam.ac.uk RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600155 ER PT S AU Kfir, O Grychtol, P Turgut, E Knut, R Zusin, D Popmintchev, D Popmintchev, T Nembach, H Shaw, JM Fleischer, A Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Cohen, O AF Kfir, Ofer Grychtol, Patrik Turgut, Emrah Knut, Ronny Zusin, Dmitriy Popmintchev, Dimitar Popmintchev, Tenio Nembach, Hans Shaw, Justin M. Fleischer, Avner Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Cohen, Oren GP IEEE TI Magnetic Circular Dichroism Probed with Bright High-order Harmonics SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate the first bright circularly-polarized high-order harmonics. Using this new tabletop light source, we demonstrate magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the M-shell absorption edges of Cobalt. C1 [Kfir, Ofer; Fleischer, Avner; Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Kfir, Ofer; Fleischer, Avner; Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Grychtol, Patrik; Turgut, Emrah; Knut, Ronny; Zusin, Dmitriy; Popmintchev, Dimitar; Popmintchev, Tenio; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grychtol, Patrik; Turgut, Emrah; Knut, Ronny; Zusin, Dmitriy; Popmintchev, Dimitar; Popmintchev, Tenio; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grychtol, Patrik; Turgut, Emrah; Knut, Ronny; Zusin, Dmitriy; Popmintchev, Dimitar; Popmintchev, Tenio; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knut, Ronny; Nembach, Hans; Shaw, Justin M.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fleischer, Avner] Ort Braude Coll, Dept Phys & Opt Engn, IL-21982 Karmiel, Israel. RP Kfir, O (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Inst Solid State, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM ofertx@technion.ac.il; oren@technion.ac.il RI Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008 OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601015 ER PT S AU Klose, A Maser, DL Ycas, G Diddams, SA AF Klose, Andrew Maser, Daniel L. Ycas, Gabriel Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Tunable Broadband Source of Femtosecond Pulses in the 2 mu m Region SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID SYSTEM AB A polarization maintaining Er: fiber-based source of femtosecond pulses was constructed using a 250 MHz mode-locked oscillator, fiber amplifier, and highly nonlinear fiber. The system generated 35 fs pulses with power variation of 1.3% on a timescale of days. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Klose, Andrew; Maser, Daniel L.; Ycas, Gabriel; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. [Maser, Daniel L.; Ycas, Gabriel] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Klose, A (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM andrew.klose@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602206 ER PT S AU Knappe, S AF Knappe, Svenja GP IEEE TI Microfabricated Optically-Pumped Magnetometers SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID SCALE ATOMIC MAGNETOMETER; INTERFEROMETRY AB The miniaturization of atomic devices with methods lent from microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has enabled small, low-power high-performance sensors. Pioneered by the development of the chip-scale atomic clock, the technology has advanced to gyroscopes and optically-pumped magnetometers. At the heart of each device is a MEMS alkali vapor cell. It is integrated with micro-optical components, heaters, photodiodes, and lasers in a miniature package of less than 1cm(3). MEMS fabrication can open the door for low-cost fabrication in large quantities and make atomic sensors manufacturable with lithographically-defined precision. C1 [Knappe, Svenja] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM knappe@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600062 ER PT S AU Kohoutek, JM Lin, PA Winterstein, J Lezec, H Sharma, R AF Kohoutek, John M. Lin, Pin Ann Winterstein, Jonathan Lezec, Henri Sharma, Renu GP IEEE TI Spatially resolved characterization of gas - metallic nanoparticle interaction by energy loss spectroscopy in an environmental transmission electron microscope SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We use an environmental transmission electron microscope to identify gas adsorption sites for various concentrations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide on Au nanoparticles by collecting electron energy-loss spectra. Experimental results are consistent with simulation. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America C1 [Kohoutek, John M.; Lin, Pin Ann; Winterstein, Jonathan; Lezec, Henri; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohoutek, John M.; Lin, Pin Ann] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kohoutek, JM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kohoutek@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600489 ER PT S AU Kuo, PS Pelc, JS Slattery, O Ma, LJ Tang, X AF Kuo, Paulina S. Pelc, Jason S. Slattery, Oliver Ma, Lijun Tang, Xiao GP IEEE TI Polarization-entangled photons from domain-engineered, periodically poled LiNbO3 SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID CONVERSION AB Using a domain-engineered, periodically poled LiNbO3 grating, we investigate polarization-entangled photon-pair generation near 1550 nm wavelength using type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slattery, Oliver; Ma, Lijun; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pelc, Jason S.] Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602362 ER PT S AU Lee, CC Schibli, TR AF Lee, C. -C. Schibli, T. R. GP IEEE TI Back-Action of Continuum on Solitons and the Resulting Energy Oscillations in a Mode-Locked Laser SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We describe a resonant phenomenon that exists in all mode-locked lasers with non negligible anomalous chromatic dispersion and self-phase modulation. Numerical simulation and experiment are also performed, and good agreement with the analytic results was found. C1 [Lee, C. -C.; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lee, CC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chienchung.lee@colorado.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601107 ER PT S AU Lee, C Zhang, ZS Mower, J Steinbrecher, G Zhou, HC Wang, LG Horansky, RD Verma, VB Allman, MS Lita, AE Mirin, RP Marsili, F Beyer, AD Shaw, MD Nam, SW Wornell, G Wong, FNC Shapiro, JH Englund, D AF Lee, Catherine Zhang, Zheshen Mower, Jacob Steinbrecher, Greg Zhou, Hongchao Wang, Ligong Horansky, Robert D. Verma, Varun B. Allman, Michael S. Lita, Adriana E. Mirin, Richard P. Marsili, Francesco Beyer, Andrew D. Shaw, Matthew D. Nam, Sae Woo Wornell, Gregory Wong, Franco N. C. Shapiro, Jeffrey H. Englund, Dirk GP IEEE TI High-dimensional time-energy entanglement-based quantum key distribution using dispersive optics SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We implement a high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol secure against collective attacks. We transform between conjugate measurement bases using group velocity dispersion. We obtain >3 secure bits per photon coincidence. C1 [Lee, Catherine; Zhang, Zheshen; Mower, Jacob; Steinbrecher, Greg; Zhou, Hongchao; Wang, Ligong; Wornell, Gregory; Wong, Franco N. C.; Shapiro, Jeffrey H.; Englund, Dirk] MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Room 36-575, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lee, Catherine] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Horansky, Robert D.; Verma, Varun B.; Allman, Michael S.; Lita, Adriana E.; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, Francesco; Beyer, Andrew D.; Shaw, Matthew D.] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave,Room 36-575, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM cath@mit.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600311 ER PT S AU Lee, KF Maslowski, P Mills, A Mohr, C Jiang, J Lee, CC Schibli, TR Schunemann, PG Fermann, ME AF Lee, Kevin F. Maslowski, P. Mills, A. Mohr, C. Jiang, Jie Lee, C. -C. Schibli, T. R. Schunemann, Peter G. Fermann, M. E. GP IEEE TI Broadband Midinfrared Comb-Resolved Fourier Transform Spectroscopy SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID FREQUENCY AB We combine a Tm-fiber frequency comb, phase-locked doubly-resonant GaAs optical parametric oscillator, multipass cell, and Fourier transform spectrometer to measure combresolved spectra at wavelengths of 3.1 to 5.5 micrometers for multiple gases at trace concentrations. C1 [Lee, Kevin F.; Mills, A.; Mohr, C.; Jiang, Jie; Fermann, M. E.] IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Maslowski, P.] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Lee, C. -C.; Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schibli, T. R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schunemann, Peter G.] BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03063 USA. RP Lee, KF (reprint author), IMRA Amer Inc, 1044 Woodridge Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM klee@imra.com RI Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014 OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602449 ER PT S AU Liew, SF Redding, B Solomon, GS Cao, H AF Liew, Seng Fatt Redding, Brandon Solomon, Glenn S. Cao, Hui GP IEEE TI Control of lasing modes in semiconductor microdisks by shaping pump profile SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate experimentally that by optimizing the spatial pump profile we can select different modes to lase in a semiconductor microdisk cavity, and suppress lasing in all other modes by increasing their thresholds. C1 [Liew, Seng Fatt; Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM hui.cao@yale.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603346 ER PT S AU Lim, K Shapiro, B Taylor, J Waks, E AF Lim, Kangmook Shapiro, Benjamin Taylor, Jacob Waks, Edo GP IEEE TI Optical magnetometry of single NV center scanning local magnetic field in micro fluid devices SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID DIAMOND AB By combining magnetic nanoparticle 3D positioning system and NV ESR measurements in micro-fluid device, we demonstrate sensing of magnetic fringe field of a magnetic bead repeatedly displaced and mapping field profile of the magnetic dipole. C1 [Lim, Kangmook; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lim, Kangmook; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shapiro, Benjamin] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, Jacob; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lim, K (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kmlim@umd.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602050 ER PT S AU Liu, YX Davanco, M Ti, CY Aksyuk, V Srinivasan, K AF Liu, Yuxiang Davanco, Marcelo Ti, Chaoyang Aksyuk, Vladimir Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Tuning Fork Cavity Optomechanical Transducers SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We present on-chip Si3N4 optomechanical transducers that integrate nanomechanical tuning forks with microdisk resonators for displacement measurements. Enhanced mechanical Q relative to single cantilevers and mechanical frequency adjustment by beam stress engineering were realized. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Liu, Yuxiang; Ti, Chaoyang] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. [Liu, Yuxiang; Davanco, Marcelo; Aksyuk, Vladimir; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, YX (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. EM yliu11@wpi.edu; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602130 ER PT S AU Long, DA Fleisher, AJ Wojtewicz, S Plusquellic, DF Hodges, JT AF Long, D. A. Fleisher, A. J. Wojtewicz, S. Plusquellic, D. F. Hodges, J. T. GP IEEE TI Rapid scanning cavity ring-down spectroscopy at the quantum noise limit SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We present an ultrasensitive cavity-enhanced technique for probing weak molecular absorptions. Recently, we have implemented heterodyne detection, which allowed for quantum-noise-limited detection and noise-equivalent absorption coefficients as low as 6x10(-14) cm(-1).Hz(-1/2). C1 [Long, D. A.; Fleisher, A. J.; Wojtewicz, S.; Hodges, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Plusquellic, D. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Long, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.long@nist.gov RI Wojtewicz, Szymon/A-5425-2015; Fleisher, Adam/A-4215-2012 OI Fleisher, Adam/0000-0001-9216-0607 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601203 ER PT S AU Luan, XS Huang, YJ Li, Y McMillan, JF Wang, D Hati, A Howe, DA Yu, MB Loo, GQ Kwong, DL Wong, CW AF Luan, Xingsheng Huang, Yongjun Li, Ying McMillan, James F. Wang, Di Hati, Archita Howe, David A. Yu, Mingbin Loo, Guoqiang Kwong, Dim-Lee Wong, Chee Wei GP IEEE TI A fully integrated chip-scale optomechanical oscillator SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate a chip-scale slot-type photonic crystal optomechanical oscillator fully integrated with an on-chip waveguide Ge photoreceiver, which exhibits high-harmonic tunable RF oscillations and high-quality optical resonances with controlled detuned continuous-wave laser drive. C1 [Luan, Xingsheng; Huang, Yongjun; Li, Ying; McMillan, James F.; Wang, Di; Wong, Chee Wei] Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Huang, Yongjun] Univ Elect Sci & Technol China, Sch Commun & Informat Engn, Key Lab Broadband Opt Fiber Transmiss & Commun Ne, Chengdu 611731, Peoples R China. [Hati, Archita; Howe, David A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Yu, Mingbin; Loo, Guoqiang; Kwong, Dim-Lee] Inst Microelect, Singapore 117685, Singapore. RP Luan, XS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Opt Nanostruct Lab, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM xl2354@columbia.edu; yh22663@columbia.edu; cww2104@columbia.edu RI Huang, Yongjun/D-6724-2012; Wang, Di/S-2463-2016; Wong, Chee Wei/E-9169-2017 OI Huang, Yongjun/0000-0002-5069-6451; Wang, Di/0000-0002-3536-7027; NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602127 ER PT S AU Marsili, F Stevens, MJ Kozorezov, A Verma, VB Lambert, C Stern, JA Horansky, R Dyer, S Shaw, MD Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Marsili, F. Stevens, M. J. Kozorezov, A. Verma, V. B. Lambert, C. Stern, J. A. Horansky, R. Dyer, S. Shaw, M. D. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI Hotspot Dynamics in Current Carrying WSi Superconducting Nanowires SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We measured the temporal dynamics of optically excited hotspots in current-carrying WSi superconducting nanowires as a function of bias current, temperature and excitation wavelength, observing an unexpected effect: hotspot relaxation depends strongly on bias current. C1 [Marsili, F.; Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Stevens, M. J.; Verma, V. B.; Horansky, R.; Dyer, S.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kozorezov, A.; Lambert, C.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster, England. RP Marsili, F (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM francesco.marsili.dr@jpl.nasa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600322 ER PT S AU Maser, DL Nugent-Glandorf, L Ycas, G Adler, F Knabe, K Diddams, SA AF Maser, Daniel L. Nugent-Glandorf, Lora Ycas, Gabriel Adler, Florian Knabe, Kevin Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Doubly-resonant mid-infrared AgGaSe2 optical parametric oscillator SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID CONTINUOUS-WAVE; POWER AB A doubly-resonant AgGaSe2 mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is synchronously pumped by a hybrid 2 mu m Er: fiber/Tm: fiber femtosecond mode-locked laser. The OPO produces spectra ranging from 3-5 mu m. Numerical simulations confirm the observed behavior. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Maser, Daniel L.; Nugent-Glandorf, Lora; Ycas, Gabriel; Adler, Florian; Knabe, Kevin; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Maser, Daniel L.; Ycas, Gabriel] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Diddams, SA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sdiddams@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601287 ER PT S AU Meiselman, S Cohen, O DeCamp, MF Lorenz, VO AF Meiselman, S. Cohen, O. DeCamp, M. F. Lorenz, V. O. GP IEEE TI Measuring coherence dynamics of methanol using transient coherent spontaneous Raman scattering SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate the measurement of vibrational state coherence dynamics in liquid methanol using transient coherent spontaneous Raman scattering. The resulting lifetimes and quantum beat frequency agree with frequency-domain and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurements. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Meiselman, S.; DeCamp, M. F.; Lorenz, V. O.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DC 19716 USA. [Cohen, O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Cohen, O.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Meiselman, S (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DC 19716 USA. EM vlorenz@udel.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601132 ER PT S AU Mittal, S Fan, J Migdall, A Taylor, JM Hafezi, M AF Mittal, S. Fan, J. Migdall, A. Taylor, J. M. Hafezi, M. GP IEEE TI Topological Edge States in Silicon Photonics SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate the robustness of topological edge states in a photonic system of coupled microring resonators. Using direct imaging and transmission analysis, we show that the edge states are robust to lattice disorders. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Mittal, S.; Fan, J.; Migdall, A.; Taylor, J. M.; Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mittal, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mittals@umd.edu RI Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603194 ER PT S AU Nam, SW Verma, VB Allman, MS Horansky, R Lita, A Marsili, F Stern, JA Shaw, MD Beyer, AD Mirin, RP AF Nam, S. W. Verma, V. B. Allman, M. S. Horansky, R. Lita, A. Marsili, F. Stern, J. A. Shaw, M. D. Beyer, A. D. Mirin, R. P. GP IEEE TI Nanowire superconducting single photon detectors progress and promise SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB Since the first reported detection of a single photon using a superconducting nanowire in 2001, rapid progress has been made in the development and application of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPD or SSPD). I will briefly describe use of these detectors in new applications, progress in detector developments, and describe areas of research and their potential impact. C1 [Nam, S. W.; Verma, V. B.; Allman, M. S.; Horansky, R.; Lita, A.; Marsili, F.; Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.; Beyer, A. D.; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nam, SW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nams@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600144 ER PT S AU Oh, DY Sell, D Lee, H Yang, KY Diddams, SA Vahala, KJ AF Oh, Dong Yoon Sell, David Lee, Hansuel Yang, Ku Youl Diddams, Scott A. Vahala, Kerry J. GP IEEE TI Supercontinuum Generation in a Silica Spiral Waveguide SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB A low-loss silica spiral waveguide is used for demonstrating on-chip supercontinuum generation. The broadest measured spectrum spans an octave (936 - 1888 nm) at -50 dB from peak when 2.17 nJ pulses are launched. C1 [Oh, Dong Yoon; Sell, David; Lee, Hansuel; Yang, Ku Youl; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oh, DY (reprint author), CALTECH, TJ Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602430 ER PT S AU Quinlan, F Baynes, FN Fortier, TM Zhou, QG Cross, A Campbell, JC Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, Franklyn Baynes, Fred N. Fortier, Tara M. Zhou, Qiugui Cross, Allen Campbell, Joe C. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Impact of Optical Amplification and Pulse Interleaving in Low Phase Noise Photonic Microwave Generation SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID SHOT-NOISE; TRAINS AB Using carefully constructed pulse interleavers, we demonstrate similar to 10 dB reduction in the quantum noise from optical amplification for short pulse detection, resulting in a phase noise floor on a 10 GHz microwave of -175 dBc/Hz. C1 [Quinlan, Franklyn; Baynes, Fred N.; Fortier, Tara M.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhou, Qiugui; Cross, Allen; Campbell, Joe C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602504 ER PT S AU Shaw, MD Birnbaum, K Cheng, M Srinivasan, M Quirk, K Kovalik, J Biswas, A Beyer, A Marsili, F Verma, VB Mirin, RP Nam, SW Stern, JA Farr, WH AF Shaw, M. D. Birnbaum, K. Cheng, M. Srinivasan, M. Quirk, K. Kovalik, J. Biswas, A. Beyer, A. Marsili, F. Verma, V. B. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. Stern, J. A. Farr, W. H. GP IEEE TI A Receiver for the Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration Using the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID DETECTOR AB We discuss the design and implementation of a receiver for the Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration based on a 12-pixel array of tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. The receiver was used to close a software communication link from lunar orbit at 39 and 79 Mbps. C1 [Shaw, M. D.; Birnbaum, K.; Cheng, M.; Srinivasan, M.; Quirk, K.; Kovalik, J.; Biswas, A.; Beyer, A.; Marsili, F.; Stern, J. A.; Farr, W. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Verma, V. B.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shaw, MD (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM matthew.d.shaw@jpl.nasa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602369 ER PT S AU Sinclair, LC Coddington, I Swann, WC Sonderhouse, L Rieker, GB Hati, A Iwakuni, K Newbury, NR AF Sinclair, L. C. Coddington, I. Swann, W. C. Sonderhouse, L. Rieker, G. B. Hati, A. Iwakuni, K. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI A frequency comb that maintains optical coherence under significant vibrations SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We discuss the design and performance of an all polarization-maintaining self-referenced frequency comb that can maintain optical coherence with an optical reference laser under strong vibrations from a shaker table and a moving vehicle. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Sinclair, L. C.; Coddington, I.; Swann, W. C.; Sonderhouse, L.; Rieker, G. B.; Hati, A.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iwakuni, K.] Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RP Sinclair, LC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.sinclair@nist.gov; nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603322 ER PT S AU Singh, R Moody, G Siemens, ME Li, H Cundiff, ST AF Singh, R. Moody, G. Siemens, M. E. Li, H. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Spectral Diffusion of Excitons in Disordered GaAs Quantum Wells SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We have studied spectral diffusion of excitons in GaAs quantum wells using two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. Localized and delocalized excitons exhibit distinct spectral diffusion characteristics. These results cannot be explained in the strong redistribution approximation. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Siemens, M. E.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Li, H.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Singh, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601325 ER PT S AU Srinivasan, K Agha, I Ates, S Davanco, M Liu, YX AF Srinivasan, Kartik Agha, Imad Ates, Serkan Davanco, Marcelo Liu, Yuxiang GP IEEE TI New Applications and Devices for Quantum Frequency Conversion SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; SINGLE PHOTONS; UP-CONVERSION; INTERFACE; MODE AB We review recent experiments demonstrating quantum frequency conversion (QFC) of single photon states of light and discuss perspectives for combining QFC with temporal wavepacket shaping. Progress in developing nanophotonic geometries for QFC is also presented. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Srinivasan, Kartik; Agha, Imad; Ates, Serkan; Davanco, Marcelo; Liu, Yuxiang] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Agha, Imad; Ates, Serkan; Liu, Yuxiang] Univ Maryland, Maiyland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603182 ER PT S AU Sun, B Singh, R Padilha, LA Bae, WK Pietryga, JM Klimov, VI Cundiff, ST AF Sun, B. Singh, R. Padilha, L. A. Bae, W. K. Pietryga, J. M. Klimov, V. I. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Two Dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy of CdSe/ZnS Colloidal Quantum Dots SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate 2D coherent spectroscopy of CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals and measure the exciton homogeneous linewidth. The 2D spectra also reveal an off-diagonal peak that oscillates as a function of the waiting time T. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Sun, B.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, B.; Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Padilha, L. A.] Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. [Bae, W. K.] Korea Inst Sci & Technol, Photoelect Hybrid Res Ctr, Seoul 136791, South Korea. [Pietryga, J. M.; Klimov, V. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sun, B (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Sun, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601134 ER PT S AU Sun, S Kim, H Solomon, GS Waks, E AF Sun, Shuo Kim, Hyochul Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo GP IEEE TI Strain Tuning of a Quantum Dot Strongly Coupled to a Photonic Crystal Cavity SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We experimentally demonstrate reversible strain-tuning of a quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity. We observe a clear anti-crossing between the quantum dot and the cavity using the strain tuning technique. C1 [Sun, Shuo; Kim, Hyochul; Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM shuosun@umd.edu NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600175 ER PT S AU Suzuki, T Singh, R Moody, G Assmann, M Akimov, IA Bayer, M Reuters, D Wieck, AD Cundiff, ST AF Suzuki, T. Singh, R. Moody, G. Assmann, M. Akimov, I. A. Bayer, M. Reuters, D. Wieck, A. D. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Exciton-Phonon Interactions in an InAs Quantum Dot Ensemble Studied with 2D Coherent Spectroscopy SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB 2D coherent spectroscopy is used to study exciton-phonon interactions in an InAs quantum dot ensemble. Temperature and size dependent properties of the zero-phonon line and the phonon background in the s- and p-shells are revealed. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Suzuki, T.; Singh, R.; Moody, G.; Assmann, M.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Suzuki, T.; Singh, R.; Moody, G.; Assmann, M.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, R.; Moody, G.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Assmann, M.; Akimov, I. A.; Bayer, M.] Tech Univ Dortmund, Expt Phys 2, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Akimov, I. A.] Russian Acad Sci, AF Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. [Reuters, D.; Wieck, A. D.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Lehrstuhl Angewundte Festkoerperphys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Wieck, Andreas Dirk/C-5129-2009 OI Wieck, Andreas Dirk/0000-0001-9776-2922 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600424 ER PT S AU Ullom, JN Dowell, M Fowler, J Miaja, L O'Neil, G Silverman, K Swetz, D Sagar, DM Yoon, Z Jimenez, R Uhlig, J Fullagar, W Kurunthu, D Mandal, U Sundstrom, V AF Ullom, J. N. Dowell, M. Fowler, J. Miaja, L. O'Neil, G. Silverman, K. Swetz, D. Sagar, D. M. Yoon, Z. Jimenez, R. Uhlig, J. Fullagar, W. Kurunthu, D. Mandal, U. Sundstrom, V. GP IEEE TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron tris(bipyridine) using superconducting microcalorimeters SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We are developing a tabletop apparatus for time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Short x-ray pulses are generated by focusing a pulsed 800 nm laser onto a water jet target. X-rays that pass through a sample of interest are detected using energy-resolving superconducting microcalorimeter detectors. We have successfully observed EXAFS features from iron tris(bipyridine) in a water solution. We discuss details of the microcalorimeter spectra and describe the steps that remain before the intrinsic sub-picosecond sensitivity of the apparatus can be realized. C1 [Ullom, J. N.; Dowell, M.; Fowler, J.; Miaja, L.; O'Neil, G.; Silverman, K.; Swetz, D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Sagar, D. M.; Yoon, Z.; Jimenez, R.] JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Uhlig, J.; Fullagar, W.; Kurunthu, D.; Mandal, U.; Sundstrom, V.] Dept Chem Phys, Lund, Sweden. RP Ullom, JN (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO USA. EM joel.ullom@nist.gov RI Kurunthu, Dharmalingam/M-9747-2014 OI Kurunthu, Dharmalingam/0000-0003-4943-6174 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600128 ER PT S AU Verma, VB Marsili, F Stern, JA Beyer, A Shaw, MD Nam, S Mirin, RP AF Verma, V. B. Marsili, F. Stern, J. A. Beyer, A. Shaw, M. D. Nam, S. Mirin, R. P. GP IEEE TI Progress and prospects for high efficiency and gigacount per second detectors for quantum repeaters using superconducting nanowire detectors SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID ATOMIC ENSEMBLES; LINEAR OPTICS; COMMUNICATION AB We describe our work on superconducting nanowire detector arrays and how they may be adapted to meet the requirements for implementing a quantum repeater. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Nam, S.; Mirin, R. P.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.; Stern, J. A.; Beyer, A.; Shaw, M. D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600496 ER PT S AU Verma, VB Lita, AE Vissers, MR Marsili, F Pappas, DP Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Lita, A. E. Vissers, M. R. Marsili, F. Pappas, D. P. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. GP IEEE TI High-efficiency superconducting nanowire single photon detectors based on amorphous Mo0.75Ge0.25 SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We measure a saturation of the internal quantum efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors based on a Mo0.75Ge0.25 alloy with peak system detection efficiency of 30%. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Lita, A. E.; Vissers, M. R.; Marsili, F.; Pappas, D. P.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,MC 815-04, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600281 ER PT S AU Wang, SK Menyuk, CR Sinclair, L Coddington, I Newbury, N AF Wang, Shaokang Menyuk, Curtis R. Sinclair, Laura Coddington, Ian Newbury, Nathan GP IEEE TI Soliton Wake Instability in a SESAM Modelocked Fiber Laser SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID MODE-LOCKING AB We describe the nonlinear evolution profile of the soliton wake instability in a single-polarization SESAM modelocked fiber laser system. We show that it leads to quasi-periodicity. C1 [Wang, Shaokang; Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Sinclair, Laura; Coddington, Ian; Newbury, Nathan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908603332 ER PT S AU Xu, T Lezec, HJ AF Xu, Ting Lezec, Henri J. GP IEEE TI Visible-Frequency Unidirectional Transmission Device incorporating a Hyperbolic Metamaterial SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We propose and experimentally demonstrate that unidirectional transmission of visible light can be provided by a reciprocal and passive planar device of wavelength-scale-thickness, incorporating subwavelength-pitch gratings and a hyperbolic metamaterial. C1 [Xu, Ting; Lezec, Henri J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ting] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xu, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ting.xu@nist.gov; henri.lezec@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600224 ER PT S AU Zhai, YH Becerra, FE Wen, JM Fan, JY Migdall, A AF Zhai, Yanhua Becerra, Francisco E. Wen, Jianmin Fan, Jingyun Migdall, Alan GP IEEE TI Sub-wavelength interferencing with thermal light SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We reported sub-wavelength spatial interferencing with unity visibility with thermal light, measuring fringe width of 15 nm for a used 780 nm laser beam. C1 [Zhai, Yanhua; Becerra, Francisco E.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhai, Yanhua; Becerra, Francisco E.; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wen, Jianmin] Yale Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. RP Zhai, YH (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yanhuazhai@gmail.com; jingyan.fan@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600420 ER PT S AU Zhong, T Zhou, HC Wang, LG Wornell, G Zhang, ZS Shapiro, J Wong, FNC Horansky, R Verma, V Lita, A Mirin, RP Gerrits, T Nam, SW Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Marsili, F Shaw, MD AF Zhong, Tian Zhou, Hongchao Wang, Ligong Wornell, Gregory Zhang, Zheshen Shapiro, Jeffrey Wong, Franco N. C. Horansky, Rob Verma, Varun Lita, Adriana Mirin, Richard P. Gerrits, Thomas Nam, Sae Woo Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Marsili, Francesco Shaw, Matthew D. GP IEEE TI Photon-Efficient High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate two high-dimensional QKD protocols - secure against collective Gaussian attacks yielding up to 8.6 secure bits per photon and 6.7 Mb/s throughput, with 6.9 bits per photon after transmission through 20 km of fiber. C1 [Zhong, Tian; Zhou, Hongchao; Wang, Ligong; Wornell, Gregory; Zhang, Zheshen; Shapiro, Jeffrey; Wong, Franco N. C.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Horansky, Rob; Verma, Varun; Lita, Adriana; Mirin, Richard P.; Gerrits, Thomas; Nam, Sae Woo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marsili, Francesco; Shaw, Matthew D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Zhong, T (reprint author), MIT, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tzhong@mit.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908601141 ER PT S AU Zhou, XL Herzing, AA Horl, A Trugler, A Hohenester, U Norris, TB AF Zhou, Xiuli Herzing, Andrew A. Hoerl, Anton Truegler, Andreas Hohenester, Ulrich Norris, Theodore B. GP IEEE TI Electron energy-loss spectroscopy of surface plasmon modes in silver nanowires: reconciling experiment and theory SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA AB Spectral shifts due to the excitation of higher-order modes occurred when an electric beam is directed near the silver nanowires. Three different theoretical approaches predict the main features of the observed spectra very well. C1 [Zhou, Xiuli; Norris, Theodore B.] Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoerl, Anton; Truegler, Andreas; Hohenester, Ulrich] Karl Franzens Univ Graz, Inst Physk, A-8010 Graz, Austria. RP Zhou, XL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Ultrafast Opt Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Trugler, Andreas/I-9095-2014 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908600488 ER PT S AU Zou, J Miao, HX Michels, T Aksyuk, V AF Zou, Jie Miao, Houxun Michels, Thomas Aksyuk, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Integrated silicon optomechanical transducers and their application in atomic force microscopy SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS (CLEO) SE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Jose, CA ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE AB We present integrated optomechanical transducers with exposed tips and demonstrate ultrahigh force sensitivity and large bandwidth. The transducer is implemented as an atomic force microscope probe in the contact mode and nanoscale resolution is demonstrated. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Zou, Jie; Miao, Houxun; Michels, Thomas; Aksyuk, Vladimir] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zou, Jie; Miao, Houxun; Michels, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zou, J (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jie.zou@nist.gov; vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-9020 J9 CONF LASER ELECTR PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BE2RC UT WOS:000369908602133 ER PT J AU Dadfarnia, M Sayrafian, K Mitcheson, P Baras, JS AF Dadfarnia, Mehdi Sayrafian, Kamran Mitcheson, Paul Baras, John S. GP IEEE TI Maximizing Output Power of a CFPG Micro Energy-Harvester for Wearable Medical Sensors SO 2014 EAI 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WIRELESS MOBILE COMMUNICATION AND HEALTHCARE (MOBIHEALTH) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2014 EAI 4th International Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and Healthcare (Mobihealth) CY NOV 03-05, 2014 CL Athens, GREECE SP European Alliance Innovat, Natl Tech Univ Athens, Inst Commun & Comp Syst, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, CREATENET, IEEE Journal of Biomed & Hlth Informat, IEEE EMBS Greece Chapter, Hellen Assoc Mobile Applicat Co DE Micro energy-harvester; body sensors; mathematical modelling AB Energy Harvesting refers to the process of capturing and storing energy from the ambient environment. Kinetic energy harvested from the human body motion seems to be one of the most convenient and attractive solutions for wearable wireless sensors in healthcare applications. Due to their small size, such sensors are often powered by small batteries which might necessitate frequent recharge or even sensor replacement. Energy harvesting can prolong the battery lifetime of these sensors. This could directly impact their everyday use and significantly help their commercial applications such as remote monitoring. In this paper, our aim is to develop a Simulink model of the CFPG device that can be used to study temporal behavior of the generated power. Having such a dynamic model, not only helps to have a more accurate estimation of the amount of power generated from various human movements, but also allows us to further optimize the design parameters of the micro-harvester (e.g. size/dimension, electrostatic holding force, etc.) with the characteristics of the input acceleration (i.e. human activity). C1 [Dadfarnia, Mehdi; Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dadfarnia, Mehdi; Baras, John S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sayrafian, Kamran] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mitcheson, Paul] Imperial Coll London, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, London, England. RP Dadfarnia, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Syst Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-63190-014-3 PY 2014 BP 218 EP 221 DI 10.4108/icst.mobihealth.2014.257413 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2PK UT WOS:000380487900057 ER PT J AU Howe, DA Hati, A Nelson, CW AF Howe, D. A. Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. GP IEEE TI Ultra-low Phase Noise Frequency Synthesis from Optical Atomic Frequency Standards SO 2014 European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th European Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL Neuchatel, SWITZERLAND DE accuracy; atomic; frequency synthesizer; optical atomic standard; optical frequency divider; oscillator; phase noise; stability ID TRANSMISSION; OFDM AB We discuss frequency synthesizer needs and recent phase noise results of a multi-level frequency divider that are consistent with the phase noise of new high-accuracy optical atomic standards. Optical atomic standards achieve extremely low frequency uncertainties in less than hundreds of seconds due to their unprecedented phase stability and accuracy. The desire for low white-FM noise that ordinarily required days of averaging for laboratory standards to attain full accuracy has been shifted to a need for low flicker-FM noise to maintain long-term frequency uncertainty with only seconds of averaging. This imposes new requirements for low levels of phase noise realizable by laser stabilization by a hi-Q optical cavity of a phase-coherent optical frequency comb. The multi-level frequency divider serves as a tool for synthesizing many low-phase noise frequencies. C1 [Howe, D. A.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dhowe@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5252-6 PY 2014 BP 44 EP 47 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG8WF UT WOS:000392736300011 ER PT S AU Alleaume, R Chapuran, TE Chunnilall, CJ Degiovanni, IP Lutkenhaus, N Martin, V Mink, A Peev, M Lucamarini, M Ward, M Shields, A AF Alleaume, Romain Chapuran, Thomas E. Chunnilall, Christopher J. Degiovanni, Ivo P. Lutkenhaus, Norbert Martin, Vincente Mink, Alan Peev, Momtchil Lucamarini, Marco Ward, Martin Shields, Andrew GP IEEE TI Worldwide Standardization Activity for Quantum Key Distribution SO 2014 GLOBECOM WORKSHOPS (GC WKSHPS) SE IEEE Globecom Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) CY DEC 08-12, 2014 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE DE industry security standards; quantum key distribution; quantum cryptography; quantum communications; optical and electro-optical components ID CRYPTOGRAPHY; NETWORK AB We discuss the on-going worldwide activity to develop forward looking standards for quantum key distribution (QKD) in the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) QKD industry specification group (ISG). The long term goal is to develop a certification methodology that bridges the gap between theoretical proofs and practical implementations with imperfect devices. Current efforts are focused on the handling of side channels and characterization of the most relevant components. C1 [Alleaume, Romain] Telecom ParisTech, Inst Mines Telecom, Paris, France. [Chapuran, Thomas E.] Appl Commun Sci, Basking Ridge, NJ USA. [Chunnilall, Christopher J.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington, Middx, England. [Degiovanni, Ivo P.] INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Lutkenhaus, Norbert] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Martin, Vincente] Univ Politecn Madrid, Madrid, Spain. [Mink, Alan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peev, Momtchil] AIT, Vienna, Austria. [Lucamarini, Marco; Ward, Martin; Shields, Andrew] Toshiba Res Europe, Cambridge, England. RP Alleaume, R (reprint author), Telecom ParisTech, Inst Mines Telecom, Paris, France. EM romain.alleaume@telecom-paristech.fr; tchapuran@appcomsci.com; christopher.chunnilall@npl.co.uk; i.degiovanni@inrim.it; nlutkenhaus@uwaterloo.ca; vicente@fi.upm.es; amink@nist.gov; momtchil.peev@ait.ac.at; marco.lucamarin@crl.toshiba.co.uk; martin.ward@crl.toshiba.co.uk; andrew.shields@crl.toshiba.co.uk RI Lutkenhaus, Norbert/B-3918-2009; OI Lutkenhaus, Norbert/0000-0002-4897-3376; Lucamarini, Marco/0000-0002-7351-4622 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-0069 BN 978-1-4799-7470-2 J9 IEEE GLOBE WORK PY 2014 BP 656 EP 661 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BF4QA UT WOS:000381558700112 ER PT B AU Ferraiolo, D Gavrila, S Jansen, W AF Ferraiolo, David Gavrila, Serban Jansen, Wayne BE Joshi, J Bertino, E Thuraisingham, B Liu, L TI On the Unification of Access Control and Data Services SO 2014 IEEE 15TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFORMATION REUSE AND INTEGRATION (IRI) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration (IEEE IRI) / IRI-HI / FMI / DIM / EM-RITE / WICSOC / SocialSec / IICPC / NatSec CY AUG 13-15, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Syst, Man Cybernet Soc, Soc Informat Reuse Integrat, Virginia Mil Inst, Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Informat Sci DE Access Control; Data Services; Access Control Policy; Policy Machine; Operating Environment AB A primary objective of enterprise computing (via a data center, cloud, etc.) is the controlled delivery of data services (DS). Typical DSs include applications such as email, workflow, and records management, as well as system level features, such as file and access control management. Although access control (AC) currently plays an important role in imposing control over the execution of DS capabilities, AC can be more fundamental to computing than one might expect. That is, if properly designed, a single AC mechanism can simultaneously implement, control, and deliver capabilities of multiple DSs. The Policy Machine (PM) is an AC framework that has been designed with this objective in mind. This paper describes the PM features that provide a generic AC mechanism to implement DS capabilities, and comprehensively enforces mission tailored access control policies across DSs. C1 [Ferraiolo, David; Gavrila, Serban] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jansen, Wayne] Bayview Behav Consulting, Point Roberts, WA 98281 USA. RP Ferraiolo, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dferraiolo@nist.gov; gavrila@nist.gov; jansen@computer.org NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5879-5; 978-1-4799-5880-1 PY 2014 BP 450 EP 457 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems SC Computer Science GA BF2AL UT WOS:000380450500061 ER PT S AU Alasti, M Barbi, M Sayrafian, K AF Alasti, Mehdi Barbi, Martina Sayrafian, Kamran GP IEEE TI Uncoordinated Strategies for Inter-BAN Interference Mitigation SO 2014 IEEE 25TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR, AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATION (PIMRC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications Workshops-PIMRC LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communication (PIMRC) CY SEP 02-05, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE DE body area network; reliability; interference AB A Body Area Network (BAN) is a radio standard for wireless connectivity of wearable and implantable sensor nodes that are located inside or in proximity to the human body. Many applications of BANs (e.g. physiological monitoring) require reliable communication of information between the sensor nodes and their controller. As there are currently no coordinating mechanisms among multiple co-located BANs, interference caused by co-channel transmission in adjacent BANs could impact the reliability and in general quality of the service experienced by a receiver node within an individual BAN. Here, we present a simulation platform that allows for statistical evaluation of interference in multi-BAN scenarios and performance of possible mitigation algorithms. Currently, there are no mechanisms for interfering BANs to explicitly coordinate their transmissions. As our analysis show, this may result in unacceptably high interference; and therefore, high link outage probability by the intended receiver. We propose uncoordinated approaches that could help to ease cross-interference among multiple adjacent BANs. Simulation results in our preliminary studies support the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Alasti, Mehdi; Barbi, Martina; Sayrafian, Kamran] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alasti, M (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-9570 BN 978-1-4799-4912-0 J9 UEEE INT SYM PERS IN PY 2014 BP 2150 EP 2154 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BG8UW UT WOS:000392729300408 ER PT J AU Haney, P Yoon, H Zhitenev, N AF Haney, Paul Yoon, Heayoung Zhitenev, Nikolai GP IEEE TI Electron beam induced current in photovoltaics with high recombination SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE Electron beam induced current; CdTe ID SOLAR-CELLS; DIFFUSION LENGTHS AB A model for interpreting electron beam induced current (EBIC) measurements is presented, which applies when recombination within the depletion region is substantial. This model is motivated by cross-sectional EBIC experiments on CdS-CdTe photovoltaic cells (prepared by cleaving, or focused ion beam milling). The experimental results clearly show that the maximum efficiency of carrier collection is less than 100 % and varies throughout the depletion region, contrary to the assumptions of most models used to interpret EBIC data. We describe a model which relaxes these assumptions by including recombination in the depletion region. We find that our model can reproduce experimental results only if the mobility-lifetime product mu T is spatially varying within the depletion region. C1 [Haney, Paul; Yoon, Heayoung; Zhitenev, Nikolai] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yoon, Heayoung] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Haney, P (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1616 EP 1620 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638901186 ER PT J AU Hamadani, B Roller, J Dougherty, B Yoon, H AF Hamadani, Behrang Roller, Jolm Dougherty, Brian Yoon, Howard GP IEEE TI Challenges of Irradiance-mode Spectral Response Measurements SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE spectral response; irradiance; integrating sphere; photovoltaic cells ID SOLAR-CELLS AB Irradiance-mode spectral response measurements of solar cells are important because they provide a direct, reliable and accurate route for determination of the short circuit current (I-sc) of solar cells under air mass 1.5 standard reference spectrum. In this work, a monochromator-based approach was combined with a light emitting diode (LED) array-operated system based on an integrating sphere design to obtain the irradiance-mode SR curves for a variety of cells, including large-area cells with dimensions up to 155 mm. Challenges associated with these measurements, including light uniformity, collimation issues and light bias effects are discussed. I-sc calculations using this approach and intercomparison with other laboratories confirm the accuracy of the outlined methodology. C1 [Hamadani, Behrang; Roller, Jolm; Dougherty, Brian; Yoon, Howard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 1875 EP 1878 PG 4 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638902024 ER PT J AU Dennis, T AF Dennis, Tasshi GP IEEE TI An Arbitrarily Programmable Solar Simulator Based on a Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulator SO 2014 IEEE 40TH PHOTOVOLTAIC SPECIALIST CONFERENCE (PVSC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 40th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL Denver, CO SP IEEE, Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Reliabil Soc, IEEE USA DE liquid crystal; multijunction; photovoltaic cells; quantum efficiency; solar simulation; spatial light modulator; super-continuum laser AB We describe the design, operation, and application of a programmable super-continuum solar simulator which incorporates a liquid crystal spatial light modulator to precisely control the spectral content within a prism-based spectrometer. Closed-loop operation of the simulator was used to optimize the output spectrum to match target profiles. Spectra are presented which simulate arbitrary irradiance profiles, an AM 1.5 solar reference spectrum, light biasing for multijunctions, and a dynamic light source for quantum efficiency measurements. Variable blue-rich and red-rich light-biasing spectra were used to demonstrate the current limiting behavior of a GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cell. The simulator light propagates as a beam with a single spatial mode, making it suitable for a variety of applications, including those that require a micrometer-scale focus. C1 [Dennis, Tasshi] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dennis, T (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4398-2 PY 2014 BP 3326 EP 3330 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BE0QY UT WOS:000366638903130 ER PT J AU Bajcsy, P Nguyen, P Vandecreme, A Brady, M AF Bajcsy, Peter Phuong Nguyen Vandecreme, Antoine Brady, Mary GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI Spatial Computations over Terabyte-Sized Images on Hadoop Platforms SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE Spatial image operations; Hadoop; Image partition; Distributed computing AB Our objective is to lower the barrier of executing spatial image computations in a computer cluster/cloud environment instead of in a desktop/laptop computing environment. We research two related problems encountered during an execution of spatial computations over terabyte-sized images using Apache Hadoop running on distributed computing resources. The two problems address (a) detection of spatial computations and their parameter estimation from a library of image processing functions, and (b) partitioning of image data for spatial image computations on Hadoop cluster/cloud computing platforms in order to minimize network data transfer. The first problem is solved by designing an iterative estimation methodology. The second problem is formulated as an optimization over three partitioning schemas (physical, logical without overlap and logical with overlap), and evaluated over several system configuration parameters. Our experimental results for the two problems demonstrate 100% accuracy in detecting spatial computations in the Java Advanced Imaging and ImageJ libraries, a speed-up of 5.36 between the default Hadoop physical partitioning and developed logical image partitioning with overlap, and 3.14 times faster execution of logical partitioning with overlap than the one without overlap. The novelty of our work is in designing an extension to Apache Hadoop to run a class of spatial image processing operations efficiently on a distributed computing resource. C1 [Bajcsy, Peter; Phuong Nguyen; Vandecreme, Antoine; Brady, Mary] NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bajcsy, P (reprint author), NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.bajcsy@nist.gov; phuong.nguyen@nist.gov; antoine.vandecreme@nist.gov; mary.brady@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 BP 816 EP 824 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900109 ER PT J AU Brodsky, A Krishnamoorthy, M Menasce, DA Shao, GD Rachuri, S AF Brodsky, Alexander Krishnamoorthy, Mohan Menasce, Daniel A. Shao, Guodong Rachuri, Sudarsan GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI Toward Smart Manufacturing Using Decision Analytics SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE smart manufacturing; decision support; decision guidance; optimization; data analytics ID HETEROGENEOUS ACTIVE AGENTS; OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS; ALGORITHMS AB This paper is focused on decision analytics for smart manufacturing. We consider temporal manufacturing processes with stochastic throughput and inventories. We demonstrate the use of the recently proposed concept of the decision guidance analytics language to perform monitoring, analysis, planning, and execution tasks. To support these tasks we define the structure of and develop modular reusable process component models, which represent data, decision/control variables, computation of functions, constraints, and uncertainty. The tasks are then implemented by posing declarative queries of the decision guidance analytics language for data manipulation, what-if prediction analysis, decision optimization, and machine learning. C1 [Brodsky, Alexander; Krishnamoorthy, Mohan; Menasce, Daniel A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Shao, Guodong; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brodsky, A (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM brodsky@gmu.edu; mkrishn4@gmu.edu; menasce@gmu.edu; gshao@nist.gov; sudarsan.rachuri@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 BP 967 EP 977 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900127 ER PT J AU Bhinge, R Biswas, N Dornfeld, D Park, J Law, KH Helu, M Rachuri, S AF Bhinge, Raunak Biswas, Nishant Dornfeld, David Park, Jinkyoo Law, Kincho H. Helu, Moneer Rachuri, Sudarsan GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI An Intelligent Machine Monitoring System for Energy Prediction Using a Gaussian Process Regression SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE Milling tool; Energy prediction; Gaussian Process regression; Data-driven manufacturing ID ONLINE AB Recent advances in machine automation and sensing technology offer new opportunities for continuous condition monitoring of an operating machine. This paper describes an intelligent machine monitoring framework that integrates and utilizes data collection, management, and analytics to derive an adaptive predictive model for the energy usage of a milling machine. This model is designed using a Gaussian Process (GP) regression algorithm, which is a flexible regression method that also provides an uncertainty estimate. To improve computational efficiency, we propose a Collective Gaussian Process (CGP) in which the overall energy prediction is made by constructing local GP models weighted by probability distribution functions obtained using the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) technique. Finally, we demonstrate the ability of the proposed monitoring framework to construct an energy prediction model to predict the energy used to machine a part. C1 [Bhinge, Raunak; Biswas, Nishant; Dornfeld, David] Univ Calif Berkeley, Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Park, Jinkyoo; Law, Kincho H.] Stanford Univ, Civil & Environm Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Helu, Moneer; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bhinge, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 BP 978 EP 986 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900128 ER PT J AU Lechevalier, D Narayanan, A Rachuri, S AF Lechevalier, David Narayanan, Anantha Rachuri, Sudarsan GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI Towards a Domain-Specific Framework for Predictive Analytics in Manufacturing SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE domain-specific modeling; predictive analytics; machine learning; manufacturing ID BAYESIAN NETWORKS; FAULT-DIAGNOSIS; MODEL AB Data analytics is proving to be very useful for achieving productivity gains in manufacturing. Predictive analytics (using advanced machine learning) is particularly valuable in manufacturing, as it leads to production improvement with respect to the cost, quantity, quality and sustainability of manufactured products by anticipating changes to the manufacturing system states. Many small and medium manufacturers do not have the infrastructure, technical capability or financial means to take advantage of predictive analytics. A domain-specific language and framework for performing predictive analytics for manufacturing and production frameworks can counter this deficiency. In this paper, we survey some of the applications of predictive analytics in manufacturing and we discuss the challenges that need to be addressed. Then, we propose a core set of abstractions and a domain-specific framework for applying predictive analytics on manufacturing applications. Such a framework will allow manufacturers to take advantage of predictive analytics to improve their production. C1 [Lechevalier, David; Narayanan, Anantha; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lechevalier, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lechevalier@nist.gov; anantha.narayanan@nist.gov; sudarsan.rachuri@nist.gov NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 BP 987 EP 995 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900129 ER PT J AU Amelot, J Bajcsy, P Plant, A Brady, M AF Amelot, Julien Bajcsy, Peter Plant, Anne Brady, Mary GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI Machine Learning and Interactive Visualization Applied to TB-sized Images of Stem Cells SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE Big Data; Parallel Computing; Machine Learning; Predictive Modeling; Interactive Data Visualization; Image Processing AB In order to characterize the growth and properties of stem cell colonies with high statistical significance, we address the problem of applying machine learning and interactive web visualizations to TB-sized images. Overcoming the computational challenges and designing advanced visualizations enabled knowledge discovery and quantitative analysis at unprecedented scales in cell microscopy. C1 [Amelot, Julien; Bajcsy, Peter; Brady, Mary] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Plant, Anne] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Amelot, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Julien.Amelot@nist.gov; Peter.Bajcsy@nist.gov; Anne.Plant@nist.gov; Mary.Brady@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900271 ER PT J AU Grady, NW Underwood, M Roy, A Chang, WL AF Grady, Nancy W. Underwood, Mark Roy, Arnab Chang, Wo L. GP IEEE BE Lin, J Hu, XH Chang, W Nambiar, R Aggarwal, C Cercone, N Honavar, V Huan, J Mobasher, B Pyne, S TI Big Data: Challenges, Practices and Technologies NIST Big Data Public Working Group Workshop at IEEE Big Data 2014 SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIG DATA (BIG DATA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Big Data CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, ELSEVIER, Natl Sci Fdn, CISCO, CCF DE Big Data; reference architecture; collaboration; security; privacy; metadata; standards AB Big Data has changed both technologies and practices for building data analytics systems. A number of working groups have been discussing the recent changes along a number of dimensions. The NIST Big Data Public Working Group organized a workshop to promote communication among working groups, technologists, and practitioners to come to an understanding of the current state of the Big Data discipline, collaboration best practices, future directions for this emerging specialization, and to identify security and privacy concerns. C1 [Grady, Nancy W.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Underwood, Mark] Krypton Bros LLC, New York, NY USA. [Roy, Arnab] Fujitsu Labs Amer, Sunnyvale, CA USA. [Chang, Wo L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grady, NW (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM nancy.w.grady@saic.com; underwood@kryptonbrothers.com; aroy@us.fujitsu.com; wchang@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5666-1 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BF2FK UT WOS:000380462900267 ER PT J AU Quirino, TS Delgado, J Zhang, XJ AF Quirino, Thiago Santos Delgado, Javier Zhang, Xuejin GP IEEE TI Improving the Scalability of a Hurricane Forecast System in Mixed-Parallel Environments Advancing the WRF framework toward faster and more accurate forecasts SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING AND COMMUNICATIONS, 2014 IEEE 6TH INTL SYMP ON CYBERSPACE SAFETY AND SECURITY, 2014 IEEE 11TH INTL CONF ON EMBEDDED SOFTWARE AND SYST (HPCC,CSS,ICESS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications HPCC 2014\11th IEEE International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems ICESS 2014\6th International Symposium on Cyberspace Safety and Security CSS 2014 CY AUG 20-22, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP FEMTO-ST Inst, Ecole Cent Paris, Ecole Mines Paris, IEEE, IEEE Computer Society, IEEE Tech Comm Scalable Comp DE High-performance scientific and engineering computing; HWRF; WRF; Parallel and distributed algorithms ID MODEL AB The Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model is one of the premier models in NOAA's operational suite of severe weather forecasting systems. An axiom in numerical weather prediction suggests that modeling the environment at high resolution optimizes forecast accuracy. However, due to operational time constraints, only the region immediately surrounding a single hurricane can be modeled in high resolution. Currently, this is achieved by embedding a relatively small high resolution, storm-following pair of grids within a larger and coarser grid. In a previous work, we extended HWRF to support multiple such independent storm-following pair of grids. The result was improved forecast accuracy by virtue of modeling storm-to-storm interactions in high resolution. However, some shortcomings in the underlying WRF framework cause these independent pairs of grids to be simulated sequentially. This limits the model's scalability and makes it impossible to harness this novel capability within the operational time constraints. In this paper, we address this issue by modifying the underlying WRF framework to simulate these independent pairs of storm-following grids in parallel. This is the first approach to be successfully implemented in the history of the WRF framework. C1 [Quirino, Thiago Santos] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, US DOC, OAR,AOML,HRD, Miami, FL 33165 USA. [Delgado, Javier; Zhang, Xuejin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Quirino, TS (reprint author), NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, US DOC, OAR,AOML,HRD, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM Thiago.Quirino@noaa.gov; Javier.Delgado@noaa.gov; Xuejin.Zhang@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4799-6123-8 PY 2014 BP 276 EP 281 DI 10.1109/HPCC.2014.50 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BF3NX UT WOS:000380560600044 ER PT S AU Chuang, MC Hwang, JN Kuo, FF Shan, MK Williams, K AF Chuang, Meng-Che Hwang, Jenq-Neng Kuo, Fang-Fei Shan, Man-Kwan Williams, Kresimir GP IEEE TI RECOGNIZING LIVE FISH SPECIES BY HIERARCHICAL PARTIAL CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE EXPONENTIAL BENEFIT SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING (ICIP) SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP) CY OCT 27-30, 2014 CL Paris, FRANCE SP IEEE DE hierarchical partial classification; exponential benefit; feature extraction; live fish recognition; underwater imagery AB Live fish recognition in open aquatic habitats suffers from the high uncertainty in many of the data. To alleviate this problem without discarding those data, the system should learn a species hierarchy so that high-level labels can be assigned to ambiguous data. In this paper, a systematic hierarchical partial classification algorithm is therefore proposed for underwater fish species recognition. Partial classification is applied at each level of the species hierarchy so that the coarse-to-fine categorization stops once the decision confidence is low. By defining the exponential benefit function, we formulate the selection of decision threshold as an optimization problem. Also, attributes from important fish anatomical parts are focused to generate discriminative feature descriptors. Experiments show that the proposed method achieves an accuracy up to 94%, with partial decision rate less than 5%, on underwater fish images with high uncertainty and class imbalance. C1 [Chuang, Meng-Che; Hwang, Jenq-Neng; Kuo, Fang-Fei] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shan, Man-Kwan] Natl Chengchi Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Taipei 11623, Taiwan. [Williams, Kresimir] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Chuang, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mengche@uw.edu; hwang@uw.edu; ffkuo@uw.edu; mkshan@nccu.edu.tw; kresimir.williams@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4799-5751-4 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2014 BP 5232 EP 5236 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BE2TU UT WOS:000370063605080 ER PT S AU Coder, JB Ladbury, JM Hunter, DF AF Coder, Jason B. Ladbury, John M. Hunter, David F. GP IEEE TI Characterizing a Device's Susceptibility to Broadband Signals: A Case Study SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) CY AUG 03-08, 2014 CL Raleigh, NC SP IEEE, EMC Soc, ANDRO, ARRL, FEKO, GAUSS INSTRUMENTS, INFIELD Sci Inc, RETLIF TESTING LABS, ETS LINDGREN, ENR Seven Mountains Sci Inc, Evaluat Engn, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Magazine, IEEE Microwave Magazine, ATER, In Compliance Same Page Publishing Inc, ITEM Interference Technol, Microwave Journal, Safety & EMC Magazine, Webcom Commun Corp, Wireless Design & Dev, ECN AB Electronic devices are commonly tested for their susceptibility to radiated signals which they may be exposed to during normal operation. A reverberation chamber is well suited to perform this type of testing because it can expose the device under test to a radiated signal from all polarization and incidence angles. Testing devices by exposing them to a narrow-band or CW signal has been well documented. However, with the increase in broadband communication signals, device manufacturers and users are becoming more interested in the device's performance when exposed to a broadband signal. In this case study, measurements of cable television/telecommunications equipment (i.e., set-top boxes, modems) are used to examine the potential for interference from 4G/LTE signals. We show that several difficulties arise when testing with broadband signals, particularly when measuring the incident electric field. We also examine how different device configurations (i.e., cabling and/or the use of splitters) can significantly change device performance. C1 [Coder, Jason B.; Ladbury, John M.] NIST, MS 818-02,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hunter, David F.] Cable Labs, Louisville, KY 80027 USA. RP Coder, JB (reprint author), NIST, MS 818-02,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jason.coder@nist.gov; d.hunter@cablelabs.com NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4799-5545-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2014 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BG9OA UT WOS:000393471300055 ER PT S AU Mell, P Harang, RE AF Mell, Peter Harang, Richard E. GP IEEE Comp Soc TI Lightweight Packing of Log Files for Improved Compression in Mobile Tactical Networks SO 2014 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: AFFORDABLE MISSION SUCCESS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE (MILCOM 2014) SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual IEEE Military Communications Conference on Affordable Mission Success - Meeting the Challenge (MILCOM) CY OCT 06-08, 2014 CL Raytheon, Baltimore, MD SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Commun Soc, AFCEA HO Raytheon DE security; logs; compression; Lempel-Ziv AB Devices in mobile tactical edge networks are often resource constrained due to their lightweight and mobile nature, and often have limited access to bandwidth. In order to maintain situational awareness in the cyber domain, security logs from these devices must be transmitted to command and control sites. We present a lightweight packing step that takes advantage of the restricted semantics and regular format of certain kinds of log files to render them substantially more amenable to compression with standard algorithms (especially Lempel-Ziv variants). We demonstrate that we can reduce compressed file sizes to as little as 21% of that of the maximally compressed file without packing. We can also reduce overall compression times up to 64% in our data sets. Our packing step permits lossless transmission of larger log files across the same network transmission medium, as well as permitting existing sets of logs to be transmitted within smaller network availability windows. C1 [Mell, Peter] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harang, Richard E.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Mell, P (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.mell@nist.gov; richard.e.harang.civ@mail.mil NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4799-6770-4 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2014 BP 192 EP 197 DI 10.1109/MILCOM.2014.37 PG 6 WC Telecommunications SC Telecommunications GA BE2QJ UT WOS:000369851400030 ER PT S AU Lee, DJ Kwon, JY Hong, YP Jargon, J AF Lee, Dong-Joon Kwon, Jae-Yong Hong, Young-Pyo Jargon, Jeffrey GP IEEE TI Photonic-assisted Endoscopic Analysis of W-band waveguide SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID PROBES AB We demonstrate an endoscopic probing system to measure field distribution through a W-band waveguide. The electric fields propagating inside a WR-10 waveguide are measured utilizing W-band harmonics of a femtosecond laser with a minute photonic probe. C1 [Lee, Dong-Joon; Kwon, Jae-Yong; Hong, Young-Pyo] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Electromagnet Wave, Daejeon, South Korea. [Jargon, Jeffrey] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lee, DJ (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Electromagnet Wave, Daejeon, South Korea. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 216 EP 217 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200107 ER PT S AU Li, J Diddams, S Vahala, K AF Li, Jiang Diddams, Scott Vahala, Kerry GP IEEE TI Pump frequency noise coupling into a microcavity by thermo-optic locking SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE DE Optical resonators; Thermal effect ID SILICON; CHIP AB Laser-microcavity relative frequency fluctuations caused by thermal locking are studied. The locking of laser-microcavity detuning causes microcavity temperature fluctuations that transfer pump frequency noise onto the microcavity modes within the thermal locking bandwidth. C1 [Li, Jiang; Vahala, Kerry] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Sr Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diddams, Scott] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vahala, K (reprint author), CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Sr Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 286 EP 287 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200140 ER PT S AU Balram, KC Davanco, M Srinivasan, K AF Balram, Krishna C. Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Moving boundary and photoelastic contributions to optomechanical coupling in GaAs microcavities SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We present simulations and measurements examining moving boundary and photoelastic contributions to the optomechanical coupling rate in GaAs microdisks, and discuss nanobeam optomechanical crystal geometries with the potential for enhanced coupling rates. C1 [Balram, Krishna C.; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balram, Krishna C.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Balram, KC (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 338 EP 339 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200164 ER PT S AU Newbury, NR AF Newbury, Nathan R. GP IEEE TI Photonic Advances in Time and Frequency Metrology: Frequency Combs SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID DECIMAL PLACE; NOBEL LECTURE; CLOCKS AB Frequency combs are now the dominate tool in high-precision, high-accuracy optical time and frequency metrology. I will review their basic behavior, noise properties, design, and discuss a few applications currently pursued at NIST. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Newbury, Nathan R.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 418 EP 419 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200201 ER PT S AU Loh, W Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Loh, William Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. GP IEEE TI Noise and Dynamics of Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Microresonator Laser Oscillators SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We experimentally study the noise induced from thermal bistability and the intracavity dynamics of a 1550 nm stimulated Brillouin scattering laser generated from a microresonator. C1 [Loh, William; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Loh, W (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 528 EP 529 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200251 ER PT S AU Davanco, M Sapienza, L Hellberg, CS Ates, S Balram, KC Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Sapienza, Luca Hellberg, C. Stephen Ates, Serkan Balram, Krishna C. Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI Quantum dot single photon sources: blinking and deterministic device fabrication SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS CONFERENCE (IPC) SE IEEE Photonics Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC) CY OCT 12-16, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB We discuss both multiple-time-scale blinking and deterministic device fabrication based on quantum dot registration through optical positioning, each within the context of creating bright, high efficiency single photon sources based on self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots. C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Sapienza, Luca; Ates, Serkan; Balram, Krishna C.; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo; Sapienza, Luca; Ates, Serkan; Balram, Krishna C.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hellberg, C. Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20735 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2374-0140 BN 978-1-4577-1504-4 J9 IEEE PHOTON CONF PY 2014 BP 546 EP 547 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BE4YN UT WOS:000372323200260 ER PT J AU Ru, VC Grance, T Ferraiolo, DF Kuhn, DR AF Ru, Vincent C. Grance, Tim Ferraiolo, David F. Kuhn, D. Rick GP IEEE TI An Access Control Scheme for Big Data Processing SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COLLABORATIVE COMPUTING: NETWORKING, APPLICATIONS AND WORKSHARING (COLLABORATECOM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th IEEE International Conference on Collaborative Computing Networking Applications and Worksharing CY OCT 22-25, 2014 CL Miami, FL DE Access Control; Authorization; Big Data; Distributed System AB Access Control (AC) systems are among the most critical of network security components. A system's privacy and security controls are more likely to be compromised due to the misconfiguration of access control policies rather than the failure of cryptographic primitives or protocols. This problem becomes increasingly severe as software systems become more and more complex, such as Big Data (BD) processing systems, which are deployed to manage a large amount of sensitive information and resources organized into a sophisticated BD processing cluster. Basically, BD access control requires the collaboration among cooperating processing domains to be protected as computing environments that consist of computing units under distributed AC managements. Many BD architecture designs were proposed to address BD challenges; however, most of them were focused on the processing capabilities of the "three Vs" (Velocity, Volume, and Variety). Considerations for security in protecting BD are mostly ad hoc and patch efforts. Even with some inclusion of security in recent BD systems, a critical security component, AC (Authorization), for protecting BD processing components and their users from the insider attacks, remains elusive. This paper proposes a general purpose AC scheme for distributed BD processing clusters. C1 [Ru, Vincent C.; Grance, Tim; Ferraiolo, David F.; Kuhn, D. Rick] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ru, VC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vhu@nist.gov; grance@nist.gov; dferraiolo@nist.gov; kuhn@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-63190-043-3 PY 2014 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.4108/icst.collaboratecom.2014.257649 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF2KY UT WOS:000380476700001 ER PT S AU Davanco, M Grutter, KE Liu, YX Aksyuk, V Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Grutter, Karen E. Liu, Yuxiang Aksyuk, Vladimir Srinivasan, Kartik GP IEEE TI SILICON NITRIDE CAVITY OPTOMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS (OMN) SE International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Photon Soc ID INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; CRYSTALS; MODE AB Planar fabrication technology has enabled the demonstration of on-chip systems in which interacting nanophotonic and nanomechanical resonators are directly integrated within a common platform. Such devices can be used for a variety of purposes in sensing, precision measurement, and signal transduction. Here, we review different nanocavity optomechanical systems that we are developing in thin film, stoichiometric Si3N4, in which mechanical modes with frequencies ranging from a few MHz to a few GHz are coupled to the optical modes of structures such as microdisk and photonic crystal cavities. C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Grutter, Karen E.; Liu, Yuxiang; Aksyuk, Vladimir; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yuxiang] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Aksyuk, Vladimir] Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-5033 J9 INT CONF OPTIC MEMS PY 2014 BP 29 EP 30 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE0PK UT WOS:000366524800015 ER PT S AU Zou, J Twedt, KA Davanco, M Srinivasan, K McClelland, J Aksyuk, VA AF Zou, Jie Twedt, Kevin A. Davanco, Marcelo Srinivasan, Kartik McClelland, Jabez Aksyuk, Vladimir A. GP IEEE TI DIRECT IMAGING OF NANOPHOTONIC CAVITY MODES USING Li ION MICROSCOPE SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL MEMS AND NANOPHOTONICS (OMN) SE International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Optical MEMS and Nanophotonics (OMN) CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IEEE Photon Soc AB Micrometer-scale photonic cavities with high quality factors (Q) enable on chip motion sensing with unparalleled precision and bandwidth. The optical mode shape is critical for the transducer performance, yet it is difficult to measure directly and noninvasively. Here we use a scanning lithium ion microscope to visualize the electric field energy density of a 10 um diameter, 245 nm thick, 60000 Q Si microdisk optical cavity and to identify the radial order of the mode. The technique utilizes a beam of Li ions as a high spatial resolution noncontact probe, minimally perturbing the measured cavity resonance. C1 [Zou, Jie; Twedt, Kevin A.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zou, Jie; Twedt, Kevin A.; Davanco, Marcelo; Srinivasan, Kartik; McClelland, Jabez; Aksyuk, Vladimir A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Zou, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM vladimir.aksyuk@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2160-5033 J9 INT CONF OPTIC MEMS PY 2014 BP 47 EP 48 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BE0PK UT WOS:000366524800024 ER PT J AU Kelley, R Meier, J Karimkashi, S McCord, M Meier, I Zhang, GF Palmer, R Zahrai, A Schmidt, D Doviak, RJ Zrnic, DS AF Kelley, Redmond Meier, John Karimkashi, Shaya McCord, Matt Meier, Isaac Zhang, Guifu Palmer, Robert Zahrai, Allen Schmidt, Damon Doviak, Richard J. Zrnic, Dusan S. GP IEEE TI Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar: Hardware Design and Mobile Demonstrator SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radar Conference CY OCT 13-17, 2014 CL Lille, FRANCE AB This paper describes the design of a mobile Cylindrical Polarimetric Phased Array Radar (CPPAR) developed at the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC). The primary purpose of the radar is to prove the concept of a CPPAR and demonstrate its inherent polarimetric advantages. Since these advantages become most apparent in the context of the polarimetric weather radar mission, the ability to make meaningful weather measurements with the system is desired. With limited resources, a novel system has been designed which both can demonstrate the CPPAR concept and serve as a platform for general phased array research in the future. C1 [Kelley, Redmond; Meier, John; Karimkashi, Shaya; McCord, Matt; Meier, Isaac; Zhang, Guifu; Palmer, Robert] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [McCord, Matt; Zahrai, Allen; Doviak, Richard J.; Zrnic, Dusan S.] NOAA, OARr Natl Severe Storms Lab NSSL, Norman, OK USA. [McCord, Matt] CIMMS, Norman, OK USA. [Schmidt, Damon] Schmidt Tech Serv Inc STS, Largo, FL USA. RP Kelley, R (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM redmond@ou.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4195-7 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF5OD UT WOS:000382379800058 ER PT J AU Torres, S Adams, R Curtis, C Forren, E Forsyth, D Ivic, I Priegnitz, D Thompson, J Warde, D AF Torres, Sebastian Adams, Ric Curtis, Christopher Forren, Eddie Forsyth, Douglas Ivic, Igor Priegnitz, David Thompson, John Warde, David GP IEEE TI A Demonstration of Adaptive Weather Surveillance and Multifunction Capabilities on the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL RADAR CONFERENCE (RADAR) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Radar Conference CY OCT 13-17, 2014 CL Lille, FRANCE DE phased array radar; multifunction radar; weather radar; adaptive weather surveillance; multifunction scheduling; NWRT PAR; MPAR AB This paper describes the latest adaptive scanning and multifunction capabilities of the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased-Array Radar located in Norman, Oklahoma (USA). Proof-of-concept focused and tailored observations of weather and scheduling algorithms for multifunction operation are described, and their performance is illustrated with real-data examples. It is demonstrated that adaptive scanning of weather is feasible in a multifunction radar and has the potential to reduce revisit times and to provide meteorological data that can aid in the forecaster's warning-decision process. C1 [Torres, Sebastian] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Torres, S (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Sebastian.Torres@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4195-7 PY 2014 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF5OD UT WOS:000382379800182 ER PT B AU Friedman, A Hu, VC AF Friedman, Art Hu, Vincent C. GP IEEE TI Attribute Assurance for Attribute Based Access Control SO 2014 IT PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE (IT PRO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IT Professional Conference (IT Pro) CY MAY 22-22, 2014 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IT PROFESSIONAL, SPOPS, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, NIST, NOBLIS AB In recent years, Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) has evolved as the preferred logical access control methodology in the Department of Defense and Intelligence Community, as well as many other agencies across the federal government. Gartner recently predicted that "by 2020, 70% of enterprises will use attribute-based access control (ABAC) as the dominant mechanism to protect critical assets, up from less that 5% today." A definition and introduction to ABAC can be found in NIST Special Publication 800-162, Guide to Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) Definition and Considerations and Intelligence Community Policy Guidance (ICPG) 500.2, Attribute-Based Authorization and Access Management. Within ABAC, attributes are used to make critical access control decisions, yet standards for attribute assurance have just started to be researched and documented. This presentation outlines factors influencing attributes that an authoritative body must address when standardizing attribute assurance and proposes some notional implementation suggestions for consideration. Attribute Assurance brings a level of confidence to attributes that is similar to levels of assurance for authentication (e.g., guidelines specified in NIST SP 800-63 and OMB M-04-04). There are three principal areas of interest when considering factors related to Attribute Assurance. Accuracy establishes the policy and technical underpinnings for semantically and syntactically correct descriptions of Subjects, Objects, or Environmental conditions. Interoperability considers different standards and protocols used for secure sharing of attributes between systems in order to avoid compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the attributes or exposing vulnerabilities in provider or relying systems or entities. Availability ensures that the update and retrieval of attributes satisfy the application to which the ABAC system is applied. In addition, the security and backup capability of attribute repositories need to be considered. Similar to a Level of Assurance (LOA), a Level of Attribute Assurance (LOAA) assures a relying party that the attribute value received from an Attribute Provider (AP) is accurately associated with the subject, resource, or environmental condition to which it applies. An Attribute Provider (AP) is any person or system that provides subject, object (or resource), or environmental attributes to relying parties regardless of transmission method. The AP may be the original, authoritative source (e.g., an Applicant). The AP may also receive information from an authoritative source for repacking or store-and-forward (e.g., an employee database) to relying parties or they may derive the attributes from formulas (e.g., a credit score). Regardless of the source of the AP's attributes, the same standards should apply to determining the LOAA. As ABAC is implemented throughout government, attribute assurance will be a critical, limiting factor in its acceptance. With this presentation, we hope to encourage dialog between attribute relying parties, attribute providers, and federal agencies that will be defining standards for ABAC in the immediate future. C1 [Friedman, Art] NSA, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. [Hu, Vincent C.] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Friedman, A (reprint author), NSA, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. EM Arfried@nsa.gov; vhu@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1ZC UT WOS:000380447100013 ER PT B AU Quirolgico, S AF Quirolgico, Stephen GP IEEE TI App Vetting Systems: Issues and Challenges SO 2014 IT PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE (IT PRO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IT Professional Conference (IT Pro) CY MAY 22-22, 2014 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IT PROFESSIONAL, SPOPS, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, NIST, NOBLIS AB Increasingly, attention is being paid to security vulnerabilities of mobile apps, and with good reason. Such vulnerabilities, if exploited, could be used to wreak havoc on users by stealing their information or controlling their mobile device. Given the billions of mobile apps in use today, security breaches threaten to occur on a very large scale. Fortunately, efforts have been made to address these vulnerabilities by developing tools to test for and identify them. Today, there are dozens of tools available for testing one or more known vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, however, no single tool has shown the ability to identify all potential vulnerabilities and thus, efforts have also been made to leverage multiple tools in order to provide sufficient vulnerability-detection coverage. These efforts have recently led to the development of systems for managing the testing of apps via multiple tools and for supporting the decision-making process for approving or rejecting apps prior to deployment on a mobile device. We refer to such systems as app vetting systems. App vetting systems comprise a number of actors and components and support a workflow that entails (1) the submission of apps by clients including developers and app stores, (2) the testing and analyses of apps via multiple tools including remote tool services and human analysts, (3) the combining of tool results into a single vulnerability risk assessment and (4) the approval or rejection of apps by a decision maker. App vetting systems are aimed primarily at organizations that have a persistent need to analyze large numbers of apps. Although the general concept of an app vetting system is simple, numerous issues and challenges exist with respect to their design, deployment and usage. To better understand some of these issues and challenges it is best to examine each phase of the app vetting workflow. During the submission phase, for example, issues surrounding intellectual property arise due to the storage and decompiling of apps on the app vetting system as well as other components including remote tool services used by the app vetting system. Here, challenges exist in developing and enforcing policies and usage agreements across all components used by an app vetting system to protect against intellectual property violations. During the testing phase, an app vetting system will process an app using multiple test tools. Perhaps the most obvious challenge with regard to test tools is the difficultly in selecting the most cost-effective set of tools necessary to satisfy the organization's mobile app security requirements (if they exist). In addition, challenges exist in integrating heterogeneous test tools with an app vetting system, underscoring the need for APIs and tool wrappers to be developed. Because an app vetting system must also be able to automatically combine results from multiple, disparate tools into a single vulnerability risk assessment, work is needed to develop standardized reporting formats and risk assessment metrics as well as novel algorithms to support this capability. Another tool-related issue concerns licensing, particularly with respect to commercial tools. Often, commercial tool licenses will restrict the number of apps that can be tested (or the number of lines of code that can be examined) by the tool or provide unrestricted usage at a very high cost. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to know a priori how many apps (or lines of code) will need to be tested so a challenge exists in selecting the most appropriate licensing agreements. A related challenge is deciding who (organization or client) will pay for using a commercial tool. This decision will likely impact the design and implementation of the app vetting system to support the desired business model. Ultimately, an app vetting system is used to facilitate decision-making in approving or rejecting apps. In general, the approval or rejection of an app can be automated in cases where tools detect no or low-risk vulnerabilities or if one or more tools detect a severe or high-risk vulnerability, respectively. It is the cases in between no-/low- risk and severe/high-risk vulnerabilities, however, that complicate the approval or rejection process. Here, several challenges exist including comparing disparate vulnerability reports with the organization's app security requirements and identifying acceptable risk thresholds for approving or rejecting an app. Sometimes, human analysts are employed to provide additional insight in order to facilitate the approval/rejection decision-making process, but this potentially leads to inconsistent results. In addition, protocols and procedures for accepting or rejecting an app must be defined. For example, approving an app may require the app vetting system to digitally sign and return the app to the client. In other cases, rejecting an app might require working with a developer to address identified vulnerabilities; such interaction may be contentious if developers disagree with risk assessments derived by the app vetting system, particularly if those assessments are based on false positive tool results. This presentation discusses the issues and challenges surrounding app vetting systems and provides lessons learned during the development and deployment of an app vetting system for the DARPA TransApps program. C1 [Quirolgico, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quirolgico, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1ZC UT WOS:000380447100008 ER PT B AU Sriram, R AF Sriram, Ram GP IEEE TI Smart Networked Systems and Societies: What Will the Future Look Like? SO 2014 IT PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE (IT PRO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IT Professional Conference (IT Pro) CY MAY 22-22, 2014 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IT PROFESSIONAL, SPOPS, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, NIST, NOBLIS AB We are witnessing a new revolution in computing and communication. The Internet, which has spanned several networks in a wide variety of domains, is having a significant impact on every aspect of our lives. The next generation of networks will utilize a wide variety of resources with significant sensing capabilities. Such networks will extend beyond physically linked computers to include multimodal-information from biological, cognitive, semantic, and social networks. This paradigm shift will involve symbiotic networks of people (social networks), smart devices, and smart phones or mobile personal computing and communication devices that will form net-centric societies or cyber-physical social systems. These devices - and the network - will be constantly sensing, monitoring, and interpreting the environment; this is sometimes referred to as the Internet of Things (IOT). The symbiosis of IOT and social networks will have significant implications for both the market for advanced computing and communication infrastructure and the future markets - for nearly 4.5 billion people -- that net-centric societies will create. In this talk I will discuss a future vision for healthcare, which will involve smart phones, smart devices, and social networks, and will discuss computing technologies that make this vision a reality. Bio: Dr. Ram D. Sriram is currently the chief of the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Before joining the Software and Systems Division, Sriram was the leader of the Design and Process group in the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division, Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, where he conducted research on standards for interoperability of computer-aided design systems. He was also the manager of the Sustainable Manufacturing Program. Prior to joining NIST, he was on the engineering faculty (1986-1994) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and was instrumental in setting up the Intelligent Engineering Systems Laboratory. Sriram has co-authored or authored more than 250 publications, including several books. Sriram was a founding co- editor of the International Journal for AI in Engineering. In 1989, he was awarded a Presidential Young Investigator Award from the National Science Foundation. In 2011, Sriram received the ASME Design Automation Award. Sriram is a Fellow of ASME and AAAS, a member (life) of ACM, a Senior Member of the IEEE, a member (life) of AAAI, and a member (life) of the Washington Academy of Sciences. Sriram has a B. Tech. from IIT, Madras, India, and an M.S. and a Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA. C1 [Sriram, Ram] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sriram, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 PG 38 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1ZC UT WOS:000380447100001 ER PT B AU Voas, J AF Voas, Jeffery GP IEEE TI A Transformative Internet? SO 2014 IT PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE (IT PRO) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IT Professional Conference (IT Pro) CY MAY 22-22, 2014 CL GAITHERSBURG, MD SP IT PROFESSIONAL, SPOPS, IEEE COMPUTER SOC, NIST, NOBLIS C1 [Voas, Jeffery] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Voas, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF1ZC UT WOS:000380447100003 ER PT S AU Beets, R Hill, C Coniglione, R Portmann, H AF Beets, Raymond Hill, Christopher Coniglione, Robert Portmann, Helmut GP IEEE TI Counter-Vandalism at NDBC SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA AB Vandalism of data buoys is a common and significant challenge across many buoy arrays. From accidental interference during fishing activities to deliberate desecration, data buoys endure a wide range of physical extremes from human activity, in addition to powerful environmental forces. In regions popular for commercial fishing, the impact of vandalism to oceanographic and meteorological data availability has been debilitating, with cases of newly deployed buoys having been lost within days - or even hours - following their deployment. Ocean observing programs cannot be effectively sustained with the level of attrition that has been wrought through vandalism. With the overwhelming majority of the buoy vandalism events perpetrated by fishing vessels, several Regional Fishery Management Organizations (RFMOs) have adopted similarly worded resolutions prohibiting fishing on, or near, data buoys. Violation of these resolutions can result in the offending fishing vessel being flagged for Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing. Despite this protective measure, buoy vandalism continues to have a substantial impact on the availability of data from ocean observing programs. An act of buoy vandalism will often leave clues in the form of data signatures in telecommunicated messages, such as an unnatural or sudden shifts of buoy compass heading, unforeseen buoy movement, apparent and sudden water pressure excursions. To aid in monitoring suspected vandalism, the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) has contracted Automatic Identification System (AIS) services to locate proximal vessels AIS transmitters. In 2012, a purse seine fishing vessel with an Ecuador flag was found through AIS data to be collocated with a Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) mooring, originally located at 5 degrees N 110 degrees W, over a distance of 12 nautical miles from the anchor location. In this case, NDBC had evidence in the form of anomalous buoy data and suspect AIS data. As an added mitigation measure, NDBC developed and deployed the first generation of the BuoyCAM to detect, and put a face on, the illegal fishing activities decimating portions of the TAO buoy array. In 2013, 10 BuoyCAMs were deployed amongst newly serviced TAO stations. The combination of camera data, analysis of buoy data signatures, and AIS information has allowed NDBC to document several incidents of vandalism with indisputable evidence. The BuoyCAMs captured willful and deliberate actions by large commercial fishing vessels that are in blatant violation of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) resolution, C-11-03, prohibiting fishing on data buoys. In one such case, a Belize-flagged long-line fishing vessel was captured by a BuoyCAM moments before striking the TAO mooring at 5 degrees N 110 degrees W. This vessel incursion resulted in the catastrophic damage to the buoy super-structure, yielding a complete loss of station transmissions. Another case captured a Venezuela-flagged purse seine fishing vessel clearly tied off to the TAO mooring at 0 degrees 95 degrees W in the act of sling-shot fishing. The same, or identical, vessel was spotted the following day by a BuoyCAM at another nearby TAO station, located at 2 degrees S 95 degrees W, where it was seen to attach a suspected fish-aggregating device (FAD) directly to the hull of the data buoy. C1 [Portmann, Helmut] NOAA Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Beets, Raymond; Coniglione, Robert] NDBC, PAE, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hill, Christopher] NDBC, NVis Solut Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Beets, R (reprint author), NDBC, PAE, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800204 ER PT S AU Howlett, E Signell, RP Wilson, D Snowden, DP Knee, KR AF Howlett, Eoin Signell, Richard P. Wilson, Douglas Snowden, Derrick P. Knee, Kelly R. GP IEEE TI Data Management Update for the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE ocean observing; data management; ocean modeling; data visualization; data discovery; data access AB The US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) is a collaboration between Federal, State, Local, Academic and Commercial partners to manage and/or provide access to a wide range of ocean observing assets and data feeds, including in-situ buoys, drifters, gliders, radar, satellite data, and numerical models and meet the needs of the ocean data community. This paper provides a discussion on the evolution of DMAC within IOOS, shows how the evolved DMAC will de-centralize ocean observing and enable the RAs to establish operational observing systems and create new forecast products supporting ocean, coastal, and estuarine interests and provides an update on the status of the current system. C1 [Howlett, Eoin; Knee, Kelly R.] RPS ASA, South Kingstown, RI USA. [Signell, Richard P.] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wilson, Douglas] Caribbean Wind LLC, Annapolis, MD USA. [Snowden, Derrick P.] NOAA, US IOOS, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Howlett, E (reprint author), RPS ASA, South Kingstown, RI USA. EM eoin.howlett@rpsgroup.com; rsignell@usgs.gov; doug@coastaloceanobs.com; derrick.snowden@noaa.gov; kelly.knee@rpsgroup.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 10 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800304 ER PT S AU Kohut, J Palamara, L Curchitser, E Oliver, MJ Breece, M Manderson, J Fox, D DiDomenico, G AF Kohut, Josh Palamara, Laura Curchitser, Enrique Oliver, Matthew J. Breece, Matthew Manderson, John Fox, Dewayne DiDomenico, Greg GP IEEE TI Toward Dynamic Marine Spatial Planning Tools: Can we inform fisheries stock assessments by using dynamic habitat models informed by the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS)? SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE Habitat Models; Ocean Observing; Fisheries ID MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; RADAR AB Since marine organisms are tightly coupled to the properties of the turbulent ocean fluid, the locations of critical habitat can change rapidly in time and space. Historically it has been difficult to measure these dynamic properties, but advances in ocean observing technologies allow us to measure many aspects of habitat (e.g. surface temperature, currents) and model others (e.g. bottom temperature, phytoplankton, zooplankton) over large spatial scales with fine temporal resolution. We observed a strong relationship between bottom temperature and butterfish (Peprilus triacanthus) distribution on the Mid Atlantic Bight continental shelf and used modeled temperature from 1958-2007 to observe changes in the spread of predicted habitat. Predicted habitat maps showed high seasonal and high interannual variability. This model was incorporated into the 2013 Butterfish stock assessment. In addition, observing platforms like gliders have become resources to expanding tracking studies that can now target pelagic habitats of the target species. We see these approaches as a step toward ecosystem based solutions that actually account for the measured dynamics of the system. C1 [Kohut, Josh; Palamara, Laura; Curchitser, Enrique] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Oliver, Matthew J.; Breece, Matthew] Univ Delaware, Coll Earth Ocean & Environm, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. [Manderson, John] NOAA, Ecosyst Proc Div, NEFSC, NMFS, James J Howard Marine Hi, NJ 07732 USA. [Fox, Dewayne] Delaware State Univ, Coll Agr & Related Studies, Delaware, OH 19901 USA. [DiDomenico, Greg] Garden State Seafood Assoc, Trenton, NJ 08608 USA. RP Kohut, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800120 ER PT S AU Patterson, MCL Osbrink, D Downer, D Etro, J Brescia, A Cione, J AF Patterson, Mark C. L. Osbrink, Drew Downer, David Etro, Jim Brescia, Anthony Cione, Joe GP IEEE TI Atmospheric and Ocean Boundary Layer Profiling with Unmanned Air Platforms SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs); ocean boundary layer; sensors; ADMAR; METOC; COAMPS (R); ISR; sonobuoy; autonomous; World Meteorological Organization AB New techniques are being investigated to gather atmospheric and near ocean boundary layer data using unmanned air vehicles. The US Navy has supported the development of the Coyote, sonobuoy launched unmanned air vehicle (UAV) and associated sensor suite that has been miniaturized and integrated into the platform to provide temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity and wind speed from its launch altitude to near sea level. Data is collected in World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standard format. Telemetry from the autopilot is used to georectify the data and provides true three dimensional C1 [Patterson, Mark C. L.; Osbrink, Drew] Sensintel Inc, 3292 East Hemisphere Loop, Tucson, AZ 85614 USA. [Downer, David; Etro, Jim] Itri Corp, Springfield, VA 22152 USA. [Brescia, Anthony] Acoust Syst Div, Patuxent River, MD 20670 USA. [Cione, Joe] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Patterson, MCL (reprint author), Sensintel Inc, 3292 East Hemisphere Loop, Tucson, AZ 85614 USA. EM mark.patterson@hydronalix.com; andrew.osbrink@sensintel.com; david.downer@itricorp.com; jim.etro@itricorp.com; anthony.brescia@navy.mil; joe.cione@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 7 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800004 ER PT S AU Willis, Z AF Willis, Zdenka GP IEEE TI US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) - Enabling Decisions, Advancing Technologies SO 2014 OCEANS - ST. JOHN'S SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans Conference CY SEP 14-19, 2014 CL St Johns, CANADA DE Ocean Observing; Ocean Enterprise; Ocean Technologies; GOOS; GEO; GEOSS AB The United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) is a user-driven, coordinated network of people, organizations, and technology that generate and disseminate continuous data about our coastal waters, Great Lakes, and oceans supported by strong research and development activities. IOOS (R) is our Eyes on our Oceans, Coasts and Great Lakes that enable the United States to track, predict, manage, and adapt to changes in our marine environment and deliver critical information to decision makers to improve safety, enhance our economy and protect our environment. IOOS enables decision making every day and fosters advances in science and technology. IOOS, in the United States, has been compared to the National Weather Service but an unanswered question is whether there exists an "ocean enterprise" like the weather enterprise. Technologies must be incubated and rapidly inserted to keep the US IOOS system operating effectively and efficiently. Since oceans know no boundaries, US IOOS is also the United States' contribution to the Global Ocean Observing System which is part of the ocean contribution to the Global Earth Observation Systems of Systems (GEOSS). US IOOS is supporting the Blue Planet Initiative under GEOSS in a number of efforts. C1 [Willis, Zdenka] NOAA, US IOOS, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Willis, Z (reprint author), NOAA, US IOOS, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4799-4918-2 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA BE2QI UT WOS:000369848800090 ER PT J AU Lu, JW Vaz, C Campbell, JP Ryan, JT Cheung, KP Jiao, GF Bersuker, G Young, CD AF Lu, J. W. Vaz, C. Campbell, J. P. Ryan, J. T. Cheung, K. P. Jiao, G. F. Bersuker, G. Young, C. D. GP IEEE TI Device-Level PBTI-induced Timing Jitter Increase in Circuit-Speed Random Logic Operation SO 2014 Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI-Technology): Digest of Technical Papers SE Symposium on VLSI Technology-Digest of Technical Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI-Technology): Digest of Technical Papers CY JUN 09-12, 2014 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID BIAS TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; RELIABILITY C1 [Lu, J. W.; Vaz, C.; Campbell, J. P.; Ryan, J. T.; Cheung, K. P.; Jiao, G. F.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bersuker, G.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY USA. [Young, C. D.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3332-7 J9 S VLSI TECH PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3NF UT WOS:000380558800049 ER PT J AU Majumdar, K Clark, R Ngai, T Tapily, K Consiglio, S Bersch, E Matthews, K Stinzianni, E Trickett, Y Nakamura, G Wajda, C Leusink, G Chong, H Kaushik, V Woicik, J Hobbs, C Kirsch, P AF Majumdar, K. Clark, R. Ngai, T. Tapily, K. Consiglio, S. Bersch, E. Matthews, K. Stinzianni, E. Trickett, Y. Nakamura, G. Wajda, C. Leusink, G. Chong, H. Kaushik, V. Woicik, J. Hobbs, C. Kirsch, P. GP IEEE TI Statistical demonstration of silicide-like uniform and ultra-low specific contact resistivity using a metal/high-k/Si stack in a sidewall contact test structure SO 2014 SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY (VLSI-TECHNOLOGY): DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS SE Symposium on VLSI Technology-Digest of Technical Papers LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Symposium on VLSI Technology (VLSI-Technology): Digest of Technical Papers CY JUN 09-12, 2014 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Japan Soc Appl Phys AB We demonstrate a 300mm wafer scale conformal contact process to achieve uniform ultra-low specific contact resistivity (rho(c)) for metal/high-k/n(+)Si (MIS) contacts. To achieve conformal contacts, we use a sidewall TLM (STLM) test structure that helps to minimize current crowding effect and variability. A systematic study is provided by varying doping density (N-D), high-k material (LaOx, ZrOx and TiOx) and high-k thickness (t(d)) to optimize rho(c). The obtained rho(c) and its uniformity are found to be comparable with standard nickel silicide technology, with a possibility of further improvement by use of lower work-function metal. C1 [Majumdar, K.; Ngai, T.; Bersch, E.; Matthews, K.; Stinzianni, E.; Hobbs, C.; Kirsch, P.] SEMATECH, 257 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Clark, R.; Tapily, K.; Consiglio, S.; Trickett, Y.; Nakamura, G.; Wajda, C.; Leusink, G.] TEL Technol Ctr Amer LLC, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Chong, H.; Kaushik, V.] CNSE, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Woicik, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Majumdar, K (reprint author), SEMATECH, 257 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM kausik.majumdar@sematech.org NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3332-7 J9 S VLSI TECH PY 2014 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BF3NF UT WOS:000380558800085 ER PT J AU Bettouche, Y Agba, BL Kouki, AB AF Bettouche, Yamina Agba, Basile L. Kouki, Ammar B. GP IEEE TI Geoclimatic Factor and Point Refractivity Evaluation in Quebec-Canada SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI AB It is well known that the propagation of electromagnetic waves is affected by the refractivity of the atmosphere. This refractivity is characterized by the value of the radio refractive index, which depends on the temperature, pressure, and humidity in the atmosphere. In this paper, we estimate the radio refractive index (N), the point refractivity gradient (dN(1)) as well as, the geoclimatic factor (K) at altitude 65 m above the ground based on the radiosonde meteorological data in the coastal north-east station, Spet-iles (Quebec), at latitude 50.22 degrees N and longitude 66.27 degrees W, with altitude of 52 m above mean sea level from 2009 to 2013. These data have been obtained from NOAA/ESRL1 Earth System Research Laboratory database. The average values of daily, monthly and seasonal variations of the dN(1) and K are analysed for a given year. Thereafter, the obtained average annual values of the dN(1) and K for several years are compared with the values obtained from the ITU-R world map. C1 [Bettouche, Yamina; Kouki, Ammar B.] Ecole Technol Super, Montreal, PQ H3C 1K3, Canada. [Agba, Basile L.] Inst Rech Hydro Quebec, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S1, Canada. RP Bettouche, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. EM Yamina.bettouche.1@ens.etsmtl.ca; agba.basile@ireq.ca; ammar.kouki@etsmtl.ca NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628702102 ER PT J AU Gong, YJ Capstick, M McCormick, DL Horn, T Wilson, P Kuster, N AF Gong, Yijian Capstick, Myles McCormick, David L. Horn, Thomas Wilson, Perry Kuster, Niels GP IEEE TI Life Time Dosimetric Assessment for Mice and Rats exposed to Cell Phone Radiation Proceedings of the XXXIst URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium to be Held in Beijing, China (CIE), August 17-23, 2014 SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI AB In this paper, we present a detailed life time dosimetry analysis for individually housed rodents exposed to radio frequency (RF) signals. This long term investigation is part of the toxicity and carcinogenicity study on cell phone radiation funded by the National Toxicology Program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. We exposed unrestrained rodents in reverberation chambers, which require accurate analysis of the dose as well as the uncertainty and variation due to the exposure environment, animal posture, and differences in the growth rates of individual rodents. For this purpose, six high-resolution anatomical models of rats and mice, plus five posture models of a male rat and male mice, were analyzed, and accurate whole-body and organ-specific specific absorption rates (SAR) were extracted and are reported. These detailed dosimetric results provide a comprehensive reference for studies of long-term biological effects of the exposure of rodents to RF energy. C1 [Gong, Yijian; Capstick, Myles; Kuster, Niels] ITIS Fdn, CH-8004 Zurich, Switzerland. [Gong, Yijian; Kuster, Niels] ETHZ, Informat Technol & Elect Engn, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [McCormick, David L.; Horn, Thomas] IIT Res Inst, Chicago, IL USA. [Wilson, Perry] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gong, YJ (reprint author), ITIS Fdn, CH-8004 Zurich, Switzerland. EM gong@itis.ethz.ch; capstick@itis.ethz.ch; DMccormick@iitri.org; jgauger@iitri.org; pfw@boulder.nist.gov; kuster@itis.ethz.ch NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703288 ER PT J AU Holloway, CL Gordon, JA Schwarzkopf, A Anderson, D Miller, S Thaicharoen, N Raithel, G Jefferts, S Heavner, TP AF Holloway, Christopher L. Gordon, Josh A. Schwarzkopf, Andrew Anderson, Dave Miller, Stephanie Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee Raithel, Georg Jefferts, Steven Heavner, Thomas P. GP IEEE TI Broadband Rydberg Atom Based Self-Calibrating RF E-Field Probe SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI AB We present a significantly new approach for an electric (E) field probe design. The probe is based on the interaction of RF-fields with Rydberg atoms, where alkali atoms are excited optically to Rydberg states and the applied RF-field alters the resonant state of the atoms. For this probe, the Rydberg atoms are excited in a glass vapor cell. The Rydberg atoms act like an RF-to-optical transducer, converting an RF E-field to an optical-frequency response. The probe utilizes the concept of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). The RF transition in the four-level atomic system causes a split of the EIT transmission spectrum for the probe laser. This splitting is easily measured and is directly proportional to the applied RF field amplitude. Therefore, by measuring this splitting we get a direct measurement of the RF E-field strength. The significant dipole response of Rydberg atoms over the GHz regime enables this technique to make traceable measurements over a large frequency band including 1-500 GHz. We will show that, with one probe, measurements can be made over a very large frequency range. This is a truly broadband probe/sensor. In this paper, we report on our results in the development of this probe. C1 [Holloway, Christopher L.; Gordon, Josh A.; Jefferts, Steven; Heavner, Thomas P.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schwarzkopf, Andrew; Anderson, Dave; Miller, Stephanie; Thaicharoen, Nithiwadee; Raithel, Georg] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Holloway, CL (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM holloway@boulder.nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628702056 ER PT J AU Le, G Burke, WJ Pfaff, RF Freudenreich, H Maus, S Luhr, H AF Le, Guan Burke, William J. Pfaff, Robert F. Freudenreich, Henry Maus, Stefan Luehr, Hermann GP IEEE TI C/NOFS Measurements of Ring Current Magnetic Field in Low-latitude Ionosphere SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI AB The Vector Electric Field Instrument (VEFI) suite onboard the C/NOFS spacecraft includes a sensitive fluxgate magnetometer to measure DC and ULF magnetic fields in the low latitude ionosphere. The instrument includes a DC vector measurement at 1 sample/sec with a range of +/- 45,000 nT whose primary objective is to enable both V x B and E x B measurements that are more accurate than those provided when a simple magnetic field model is used instead. The magnetic field data can also be used for scientific research to provide information of large-scale ionospheric and magnetospheric current systems. At low latitudes the magnetic field residuals (data with the internal magnetic field model subtracted) are predominately produced by the stormtime ring current. Since C/NOFS provides a complete coverage of all local times every 97 minutes, magnetic field data allow studies of the temporal evolution and local-time variations of stormtime ring current. The analysis demonstrates the feasibility of using instrumented spacecraft in low-inclination orbits to specify the ring current's evolution and local time asymmetry. We will present the results of a statistical study of the stormtime ring current. C1 [Le, Guan; Pfaff, Robert F.; Freudenreich, Henry] NASA, Space Weather Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20546 USA. [Burke, William J.] Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. [Maus, Stefan] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Luehr, Hermann] GFZ German Res Ctr Geosci, Potsdam, Germany. RP Le, G (reprint author), NASA, Space Weather Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20546 USA. EM guan.le@nasa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703019 ER PT J AU Li, W Ni, B Thorne, RM Bortnik, J Green, JC Kletzing, CA Kurth, WS Hospodarsky, GB AF Li, W. Ni, B. Thorne, R. M. Bortnik, J. Green, J. C. Kletzing, C. A. Kurth, W. S. Hospodarsky, G. B. GP IEEE TI Calculation of Whistler-Mode Wave Intensity Using Energetic Electron Precipitation SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI ID RADIATION-BELT ELECTRONS; CHORUS; ACCELERATION AB The energetic electron population measured by multiple low-altitude POES satellites is used to infer whistler-mode wave amplitudes using a physics-based inversion technique. We validate this technique by quantitatively analyzing a conjunction event between the Van Allen Probes and POES, and find that the inferred hiss wave amplitudes from POES electron measurements agree remarkably well with directly measured hiss waves amplitudes. We also use this technique to construct the global distribution of chorus wave intensity with extensive coverage over a broad L-MLT region during the 8-9 October 2012 storm and demonstrate that the inferred chorus wave amplitudes agree well with conjugate measurements of chorus wave amplitudes from the Van Allen Probes. The evolution of the whistler-mode wave intensity inferred from low-altitude electron measurements can provide real-time global estimates of the wave intensity, which cannot be obtained from in-situ wave measurements by equatorial satellites alone, but are crucial in quantifying radiation belt electron dynamics. C1 [Li, W.; Ni, B.; Thorne, R. M.; Bortnik, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Green, J. C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 7127 Math Sci Bldg,405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM moonli@atmos.ucla.edu; bbni@atmos.ucla.edu; rmt@atmos.ucla.edu; jbortnik@gmail.com; Janet.Green@noaa.gov; craig-kletzing@uiowa.edu; william-kurth@uiowa.edu; george-hospodarsky@uiowa.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703153 ER PT J AU Xu, F Li, XF Jin, YQ AF Xu, Feng Li, Xiaofeng Jin, Ya-Qiu GP IEEE TI Physics-based Scattering Model of Rainfall over Sea Surface SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR AB Because of its critical role in tropical storm events, rainfall over sea surface has always been an important subject for remote sensing. Recently, space-borne high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been found to be a potential tool for rainfall observation. However, many interesting phenomenon of rain-wind over sea surface as revealed by SAR images are still not fully understood. This paper attempts to develop a physics-based radiative transfer model to capture the scattering behavior of rainfall over rough sea surface. Raindrop scattering and attenuation is modeled as Rayleigh spherical particle, while rain-induced rough surface is described by the Log-Gaussian ring-wave spectrum. The model is compared with empirical models and measurements. C1 [Xu, Feng; Jin, Ya-Qiu] Fudan Univ, Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] GST Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Xu, F (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Key Lab Informat Sci Electromagnet Waves MoE, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM fengxu@fudan.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628702089 ER PT J AU Zabotin, NA Bullett, TW AF Zabotin, N. A. Bullett, T. W. GP IEEE TI Visualization and Three-Dimensional Measurements of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances with the Wallops Island Vipir/Dynasonde System SO 2014 XXXITH URSI GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND SCIENTIFIC SYMPOSIUM (URSI GASS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS) CY AUG 16-23, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP URSI C1 [Zabotin, N. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Energy & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zabotin, N. A.; Bullett, T. W.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bullett, T. W.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zabotin, NA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Energy & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015 OI Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-5225-3 PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BE0QU UT WOS:000366628703037 ER PT S AU Magna, G Vergara, A Martinelli, E Di Natale, C AF Magna, Gabriele Vergara, Alexander Martinelli, Eugenio Di Natale, Corrado BE Sberveglieri, G Ferrari, V TI Automatic fault identification and on-line unsupervised calibration of replaced sensors by means of cooperative classifiers SO 28TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE TRANSDUCERS (EUROSENSORS 2014) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th European Conference on Solid-State Transducers (EUROSENSORS) CY SEP 07-10, 2014 CL Brescia, ITALY SP Natl Res Council, AISEM DE sensor drift; sensor fault; online calibration AB In this paper, we present a data processing architecture based on a set of cooperative classifiers aimed at class recognition with sensor arrays. The main property of the method is the mitigation of the performance degradation due to drift and fault of individual sensors. Moreover the capability to preserve high classification rate even with a faulty sensor allows replacing and calibrating a sensor during the measurement itself. The algorithm has been positively tested with an experimental dataset with an array of commercial metal oxide semiconductor sensors used to identify a number of volatile compounds. (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Magna, Gabriele; Martinelli, Eugenio; Di Natale, Corrado] Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Sensors Grp, Rome, Italy. [Vergara, Alexander] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martinelli, E (reprint author), Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Sensors Grp, Rome, Italy. EM martinelli@ing.uniroma2.it OI Di Natale, Corrado/0000-0002-0543-4348 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 87 BP 855 EP 858 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.11.288 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Remote Sensing SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Remote Sensing GA BE2LJ UT WOS:000369531700206 ER PT S AU Liu, YK AF Liu, Yi-Kai BE Garay, JA Gennaro, R TI Single-Shot Security for One-Time Memories in the Isolated Qubits Model SO ADVANCES IN CRYPTOLOGY - CRYPTO 2014, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Annual International Cryptology Conference (CRYPTO) CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA SP Int Assoc Cryptol Res, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Comp Sci Dept HO Univ Calif Santa Barbara DE Quantum cryptography; information theory; local operations and classical communication (LOCC); oblivious transfer; one-time programs ID QUANTUM BIT COMMITMENT; CRYPTOGRAPHY; ENTANGLEMENT; NONLOCALITY; TOKENS; CODES AB One-time memories (OTM's) are simple, tamper-resistant cryptographic devices, which can be used to implement sophisticated functionalities such as one-time programs. Can one construct OTM's whose security follows from some physical principle? This is not possible in a fully-classical world, or in a fully-quantum world, but there is evidence that OTM's can be built using "isolated qubits" - qubits that cannot be entangled, but can be accessed using adaptive sequences of single-qubit measurements. Here we present new constructions for OTM's using isolated qubits, which improve on previous work in several respects: they achieve a stronger "single-shot" security guarantee, which is stated in terms of the (smoothed) min-entropy; they are proven secure against adversaries who can perform arbitrary local operations and classical communication (LOCC); and they are efficiently implementable. These results use Wiesner's idea of conjugate coding, combined with error-correcting codes that approach the capacity of the q-ary symmetric channel, and a high-order entropic uncertainty relation, which was originally developed for cryptography in the bounded quantum storage model. C1 [Liu, Yi-Kai] NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, YK (reprint author), NIST, Appl & Computat Math Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yi-kai.liu@nist.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-662-44381-1; 978-3-662-44380-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8617 BP 19 EP 36 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BE3XE UT WOS:000371335000002 ER PT B AU Knote, C Hodzic, A Jimenez, JL Volkamer, R Orlando, JJ Baidar, S Brioude, J Fast, J Gentner, DR Goldstein, AH Hayes, PL Knighton, WB Oetjen, H Setyan, A Stark, H Thalman, RM Tyndall, G Washenfelder, R Waxman, E Zhang, Q AF Knote, Christoph Hodzic, Alma Jimenez, Jose L. Volkamer, Rainer Orlando, John J. Baidar, Sunil Brioude, Jerome Fast, Jerome Gentner, Drew R. Goldstein, Allen H. Hayes, Patrick L. Knighton, W. Berk Oetjen, Hilke Setyan, Ari Stark, Harald Thalman, Ryan M. Tyndall, Geoffrey Washenfelder, Rebecca Waxman, Eleanor Zhang, Qi BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Novel Pathways to Form Secondary Organic Aerosols: Glyoxal SOA in WRF/Chem SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy ID MULTIPHASE CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS PARTICLES; MODEL; FRAMEWORK AB Current approaches to simulate secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in regional and global numerical models are based on parameterizations of the oxidation of precursor gases in the gas-phase and subsequent partitioning into particles. Recent findings suggest however that formation in the aqueous-phase of aerosols might contribute substantially to ambient SOA load. In this work we investigate the contribution of glyoxal to SOA through chemical processes associated with aerosols. Both a very simple and a more explicit mechanism of SOA formation from glyoxal was included in the regional chemistry transport model WRF/Chem. We simulated the first 2 weeks of June 2010 over the domain of California to make use of the extensive dataset collected during the CARES/CalNex field campaigns to evaluate our simulations. Contributions to total SOA mass were found to range from 1 to 15 % in the LA basin, and < 1 to 9 % in the isoprene-rich eastern slopes of the Central Valley. We find that the simple approach previously used in box as well as global modeling studies gives the highest contributions. A combination of reversible partitioning and volume pathways can provide comparable amounts only if partitioning of glyoxal into the aerosol liquid-phase is instantaneous. C1 [Knote, Christoph; Hodzic, Alma; Orlando, John J.; Tyndall, Geoffrey] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Volkamer, Rainer; Baidar, Sunil; Hayes, Patrick L.; Oetjen, Hilke; Thalman, Ryan M.; Waxman, Eleanor] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.; Volkamer, Rainer; Baidar, Sunil; Brioude, Jerome; Hayes, Patrick L.; Stark, Harald; Thalman, Ryan M.; Washenfelder, Rebecca; Waxman, Eleanor] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, Patrick L.] Univ Montreal, Dept Chim, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Brioude, Jerome; Washenfelder, Rebecca] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Fast, Jerome] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. [Gentner, Drew R.; Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, Allen H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Knighton, W. Berk] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Setyan, Ari; Zhang, Qi] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stark, Harald] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. RP Knote, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM knote@ucar.edu; alma@ucar.edu RI Setyan, Ari/C-4025-2011 OI Setyan, Ari/0000-0002-9078-6478 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 149 EP 154 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__24 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800024 ER PT B AU Delle Monache, L Djalalova, I Wilczak, J AF Delle Monache, Luca Djalalova, Irina Wilczak, James BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Analog-Based Postprocessing Methods for Air Quality Forecasting SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy ID KALMAN-FILTER; BIAS CORRECTION; OZONE AB Two new postprocessing methods based on analogs are proposed to reduce the systematic and random errors of air quality prediction. The analog of a forecast for a given location and time is defined as a past prediction that matches selected features of the current forecast. The first method is the weighted average of the observations that verified when the best analogs were valid (AN). The second method consists in applying a postprocessing algorithm inspired by the Kalman filter (KF) to AN (KFAN). The AN and KFAN are tested for ground level ozone and PM2.5 0-48 h predictions from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, with observations from 1602 surface stations from the EPA AirNow network over the continental United States for a 1-year period. Preliminary results of the new methods include a large reduction of the systematic and random errors of the direct model output, with an increase of the correlation between observations and predictions at all forecast lead times. C1 [Delle Monache, Luca] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Djalalova, Irina] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Djalalova, Irina; Wilczak, James] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Delle Monache, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lucadm@ucar.edu; irina.v.djalalova@noaa.gov; james.m.wilczak@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__38 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800038 ER PT B AU Pan, L Tong, D Lee, P Kim, H Chai, TF Ding, C AF Pan, Li Tong, Daniel Lee, Pius Kim, Hyuncheol Chai, Tianfeng Ding, Charles BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Diagnostic Evaluation of NOx Emission Upgrade on Air Quality Forecast SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM AB The U. S. National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC) provides air quality forecast for the nation by disseminating numerical model predicted surface concentration of O3 and PM2.5 to the public. However, the fidelity of NAQFC is dependent on the accuracies of the emission projection factors employed to estimate the various emissions. This study focuses on comparing variability of surface NOx and O3 concentrations for two emission modeling scenarios for July of 2011: the Base Case and a New Emission Case. The Base Case used the U. S. EPA 2005 National Emission Inventory (NEI2005), its projection procedures adhered to a standard practice used by NAQFC since its inception in 2003. The New Emission Case adopted a scaling procedure based on more recent EPA data demonstrated a significant reduction of the mobile source's share of NOx emission among the major contributors. It reduced from 33.6 % in the Base Case to 25.2 % in the New Emission Case. This is even more significant if one takes into account the large increase in vehicle miles traveled since 2005. The NOx SIP Call had achieved significant reduction of NOx emission from power plants, but still lagged behind that achieved by the reduction in the on-road vehicular (mobile) exhausts. Geographically population change trends in the last decade do not necessarily translates into proportional changes in NOx emission. C1 [Pan, Li; Tong, Daniel; Lee, Pius; Kim, Hyuncheol; Chai, Tianfeng; Ding, Charles] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pan, Li; Tong, Daniel; Kim, Hyuncheol; Chai, Tianfeng] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellite, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pan, L (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Li.Pan@noaa.gov; Daniel.Tong@noaa.gov; Pius.Lee@noaa.gov; Hyun.Kim@noaa.gov; Tianfeng.Chai@noaa.gov; charlesding95@gmail.com RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__84 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800084 ER PT B AU Kim, HC Choi, H Ngan, F Lee, P AF Kim, Hyun Cheol Choi, Heesu Ngan, Fantine Lee, Pius BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Surface Ozone Variability in Synoptic Pattern Perspectives SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy ID CLASSIFICATION AB Synoptic weather pattern plays an important role in regional air quality. It influences strongly the daily maximum surface level ozone concentrations. We utilize Spatial Synoptic Classification methodology, surface ozone simulations from the NOAA National Air Quality Forecast Capability and observations from the US EPA Air Quality System, to investigate the behavior of surface ozone and air quality model's performance in different synoptic weather patterns. This study was conducted for the following six air quality air-shed regions: California (CA), Michigan Lake (MI), Ohio River Valley (OV), Northeastern (NE), Southeastern (SE), and Texas (TX), during the ozone season (May to September) in years 2009-2011. Based on air mass' thermal characteristics and origins, the SSC methodology provides six types of air mass classifications: Dry Polar (DP), Dry Moderate (DM), Dry Tropical (DT), Moisture Polar (MP), Moisture Moderate (MM), and Moisture Tropical (MT). Results show distinct behaviors of ozone's magnitude and model's performance among the various air mass types, implying the impact of synoptic weather patterns to regional air quality, and NAQFC's success in reproducing these patterns. The MT and DT air mass types are the most important types conducive to high surface ozone episodes throughout their occurrence frequency and high ozone production efficiency, respectively. The MT air mass also shows highest in both mean bias and root mean square error, implying the high uncertainty in model performance due to cloudy or unstable atmospheric conditions. C1 [Kim, Hyun Cheol; Choi, Heesu; Ngan, Fantine; Lee, Pius] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kim, Hyun Cheol; Ngan, Fantine] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Choi, Heesu] Korea Univ, Environm Sci & Ecol Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Kim, HC (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hyun.kim@noaa.gov; miso-hun@korea.ac.kr; fantine.ngan@noaa.gov; Pius.Lee@noaa.gov RI Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Ngan, Fong/G-1324-2012 OI Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; Ngan, Fong/0000-0002-7263-7727 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 551 EP 556 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__91 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800091 ER PT B AU Tong, DQ Lei, H Pan, L Chai, TF Kim, H Lee, P Saylor, R Wang, MH Kondragunta, S AF Tong, Daniel Q. Lei, Hang Pan, Li Chai, Tianfeng Kim, Hyuncheol Lee, Pius Saylor, Rick Wang, Menghua Kondragunta, Shobha BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Assimilation of Satellite Oceanic and Atmospheric Products to Improve Emission Forecasting SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy AB Satellite data presents an unprecedented opportunity to improve emission inventories at a near-real-time pace. Here we demonstrate how to utilize satellite oceanic and atmospheric products to improve emission forecasting. First, we present the development and validation of a global high resolutionmarine isoprene emission product. Isoprene emission is calculated from NOAA global weather forecasting data and Chlorophyll-a and light attenuation rate at 490 nm (K490) data derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) aboard Aqua. The emission product is validated with isoprene measurements from field campaigns. In the second case, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data from the EPA Air Quality System (AQS) and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) are used to examine the long-term trends in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions for the NOAA National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC). Comparing of summertime NOx data from OMI, NAQFC and AQS over New York between 2005 and 2011 shows a similar reduction level from all datasets (33 % reduction from 2005 to 2011), but OMI and AQS agree better while NAQFC emission inventories fail to catch the gradual progression of emission reduction. These case studies, in addressing various aspects of emission uncertainty, collectively demonstrate that satellite remote sensing can play an important role in improving emission forecasting and, hopefully, air quality predictions. C1 [Tong, Daniel Q.; Lei, Hang; Pan, Li; Chai, Tianfeng; Kim, Hyuncheol] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Tong, Daniel Q.; Pan, Li; Chai, Tianfeng; Kim, Hyuncheol; Lee, Pius] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellite, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lei, Hang] George Mason Univ, Ctr Spatial Informat Sci & Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Saylor, Rick] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. RP Tong, DQ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Daniel.Tong@noaa.gov; Hang.Lei@noaa.gov; Li.Pan@noaa.gov; Tianfeng.Chai@noaa.gov; hyun.kim@noaa.gov; pius.lee@noaa.gov; rick.saylor@noaa.gov; Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov; shobha.kondragunta@noaa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 563 EP 569 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__93 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800093 ER PT B AU Pagowski, M Grell, GA AF Pagowski, Mariusz Grell, Georg A. BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Assimilation and Forecasting Fine Aerosols Over North America in Summer 2012 SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy ID MODEL AB In a study, we examine impact of assimilation in-situ measurements on the prediction of fine aerosol concentrations over North America in the summer of 2012. We use an online meteorology-chemistry model WRF-Chem and an assimilation system which includes the Gridpoint Statistical Intepolation (GSI) and an Ensemble Kalman Filter. We note large initial benefit of data assimilation and relatively quick deterioration of forecast verification scores with time. Causes for such deterioration include deficiencies of the initial state resulting from the lack of observations of the individual aerosol species and their vertical distribution, weaknesses of chemical and physical parameterizations and errors in emission sources. C1 [Pagowski, Mariusz; Grell, Georg A.] NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pagowski, M (reprint author), NOAA, Global Syst Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Mariusz.Pagowski@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 571 EP 574 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__94 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800094 ER PT B AU Neu, JL Osterman, G Eldering, A Pinder, R McQueen, J Tang, YH AF Neu, Jessica L. Osterman, Gregory Eldering, Annmarie Pinder, Rob McQueen, Jeff Tang, Youhua BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Evaluating the Vertical Distribution of Ozone and Its Relationship to Pollution Events in Air Quality Models Using Satellite Data SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy AB Most regional scale models that are used for air quality forecasts and ozone source attribution do not adequately capture the distribution of ozone in the mid-and upper troposphere, but it is unclear how this shortcoming relates to their ability to simulate surface ozone. We combine ozone profile data from the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and a new joint product from TES and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument along with ozonesonde measurements and EPA AirNow ground station ozone data to examine air quality events during August 2006 in the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) and National Air Quality Forecast Capability (NAQFC) models. We present both aggregated statistics and case-study analyses with the goal of assessing the relationship between the models' ability to reproduce surface air quality events and their ability to capture the vertical distribution of ozone. We find that the models lack the mid-tropospheric ozone variability seen in TES and the ozonesonde data, and discuss future work to determine the conditions under which this variability appears to be important for surface air quality. C1 [Neu, Jessica L.; Osterman, Gregory; Eldering, Annmarie] CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Atmospher Sci Div, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Pinder, Rob] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling & Anal Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [McQueen, Jeff; Tang, Youhua] Natl Weather Service, NOAA, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20748 USA. RP Neu, JL (reprint author), CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Earth Atmospher Sci Div, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM jessica.l.neu@jpl.nasa.gov; gregory.b.osterman@jpl.nasa.gov; annmarie.eldering@jpl.nasa.gov; pinder.rob@epa.gov; jeff.mcqueen@noaa.gov; youhua.tang@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 575 EP 580 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__95 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800095 ER PT B AU Chai, TF Lee, P Pan, L Kim, H Tong, D AF Chai, Tianfeng Lee, Pius Pan, Li Kim, Hyuncheol Tong, Daniel BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Building and Testing Atmospheric Chemistry Reanalysis Modeling System SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy AB This study is a first step towards building an atmospheric chemistry reanalysis modeling system. We aim to provide the air quality science community with three-dimensional (3D) reanalysis atmospheric chemical fields over the conterminous U.S. (CONUS). This initial 3D gridded reanalysis product is available at 12 km horizontal grid spacing with 22 uneven vertical levels extending from surface to 100 hPa. The principal components of the modeling system are the Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological model, a chemical data assimilation model based on an optimal interpolation scheme, and the U.S. EPA Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ). Only the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) Aerosol Optical Depth observations are assimilated as we focus on the aerosol reanalysis at this early stage. CMAQ predictions before and after the assimilation are evaluated against the AIRNow surface PM2.5 (Particulate Matter smaller than 2.5 mu m in diameter) measurements. Based on the preliminary results, the future directions to improve the chemistry reanalysis modeling system are discussed. C1 [Chai, Tianfeng] Univ Maryland, Air Resources Lab, NOAA, NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict,Cooperat Inst, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lee, Pius] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pan, Li; Kim, Hyuncheol; Tong, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Air Resources Lab, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chai, TF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Air Resources Lab, NOAA, NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict,Cooperat Inst, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Tianfeng.Chai@noaa.gov; Pius.Lee@noaa.gov; Li.Pan@noaa.gov; Hyun.Kim@noaa.gov; Daniel.Tong@noaa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 581 EP 585 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__96 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800096 ER PT B AU Lee, P Pan, L Kim, H Tong, D AF Lee, Pius Pan, Li Kim, Hyuncheol Tong, Daniel BE Steyn, D Mathur, R TI Intensive Campaigns Supported by Air Quality Forecasting Capability to Identify Chemical and Atmospheric Regimes Susceptible to Standard Violations SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXIII SE Springer Proceedings in Complexity LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Technical Meeting (ITM) on Air Pollution Modelling and Its Application CY AUG 27-31, 2013 CL US Environm Protect Agcy, Miami, FL SP Univ British Columbia, Environm Canada HO US Environm Protect Agcy ID SYSTEM AB The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has started a series of regional scale multiple platform field measurement intensives between 2011 and 2014. These measurement campaigns are collectively called the Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) project. The emphasis of spatial collocation of multiple space-, air-and ground-based measurements facilitate the characterization of the vertical distribution of various air pollutants. During the January 16 to February 8, 2013 DISCOVER-AQ campaign over the San Joaquin Valley (SJV), California, one of the frontier science questions addressed concerned the frequent wintertime Particulate Matter (PM) standard violation over SJV and its vicinities. This study represents our contribution of real-time air quality forecasting to support flight-planning during the campaign as well as post analysis and model evaluation for some of the air pollutants. Two sets of real-time forecasts based on a coupled National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) North American Model (NAM) and the U.S. EPA Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) are included in the study: (1) a 12 km horizontal resolution domain over the Conterminous U.S., and (2) a 4 km resolution domain over the SJV and its adjacent areas nested-in from (1) as its parent. During the campaign there were several episodes of high surface PM concentration in the lowest hundreds of meters over SJV. We performed post-analyses of meteorological parameters such as the planetary boundary height and of chemical characteristics such as verification of modeled concentration of PM components at surface levels. Comparisons of the performance of the two forecasts will shed insight on horizontal resolution requirement to capture the meteorology and chemistry characteristics in SJV air quality modeling. These analyses will aid policy and regulatory relevant decisions as well as assist in improving the model for future applications. C1 [Lee, Pius; Pan, Li; Kim, Hyuncheol; Tong, Daniel] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Pan, Li; Kim, Hyuncheol; Tong, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellite, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lee, P (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM pius.lee@noaa.gov RI Tong, Daniel/A-8255-2008; Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012 OI Tong, Daniel/0000-0002-4255-4568; Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-319-04379-1; 978-3-319-04378-4 J9 SPRINGER PR COMPLEX PY 2014 BP 587 EP 592 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-04379-1__97 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BG8LE UT WOS:000392403800097 ER PT B AU Amaro, RL Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ AF Amaro, Robert L. Drexler, Elizabeth S. Slifka, Andrew J. BE Brongers, M Rudland, D TI DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENGINEERING-BASED HYDROGEN-ASSISTED FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR CODE IMPLEMENTATION SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2014, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2014) CY JUL 20-24, 2014 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div ID PIPELINE STEEL; STRESS AB A primary barrier to the widespread use of gaseous hydrogen as an energy carrier is the creation of a hydrogen-specific transportation network. Research performed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of transportation and ASME committee B31.12 (Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines), has resulted in a phenomenological model to predict fatigue crack growth of API pipeline steels cyclically loaded in high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. The full model predicts hydrogen-assisted (HA) fatigue crack growth (FCG) as a function of applied load and hydrogen pressure. Implementation of the model into an engineering format is crucial for the realization of safe, cost-effective pipelines for the nation's hydrogen infrastructure. Working closely with ASME B31.12, two simplified iterations of the model have been created for an engineering-based code implementation. The engineering-based iterations are detailed here and the benefits of both are discussed. A case study is then presented detailing the use of both versions. The work is concluded with a discussion of the potential impact that model implementation would have upon future hydrogen pipeline installations. C1 [Amaro, Robert L.; Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Slifka, Andrew J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Amaro, RL (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4604-9 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A027 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1BJ UT WOS:000380290200027 ER PT B AU Slifka, AJ Drexler, ES Amaro, RL Lauria, DS Hayden, LE Stalheim, DG Chen, YS AF Slifka, Andrew J. Drexler, Elizabeth S. Amaro, Robert L. Lauria, Damian S. Hayden, Louis E. Stalheim, Douglas G. Chen, Yaoshan BE Brongers, M Rudland, D TI SUMMARY OF AN ASME/DOT PROJECT ON MEASUREMENTS OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE OF PIPELINE STEELS SO ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2014, VOL 6B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2014) CY JUL 20-24, 2014 CL Anaheim, CA SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div ID HYDROGEN AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology has been testing pipeline steels for about 3 years to determine the fatigue crack growth rate in pressurized hydrogen gas; the project was sponsored by the Department of Transportation, and was conducted in close collaboration with ASME B31.12 Committee on Hydrogen Piping and Pipelines. Four steels were selected, two X52 and two X70 alloys. Other variables included hydrogen gas pressures of 5.5 MPa and 34 MPa, a load ratio, R, of 0.5, and cyclic loading frequencies of 1 Hz, 0.1 Hz, and a few tests at 0.01 Hz. Of particular interest to ASME. and DOT was whether the X70 materials would exhibit higher fatigue crack growth rates than the X52 materials. API steels are designated based on yield strength and monotonic tensile tests have historically shown that loss of ductility correlates with increase in yield strength. The X70 materials performed on par with the X52 materials in fatigue. The test matrix, the overall set of data, implications for the future, and lessons learned during the 3-year extensive test program will be discussed. C1 [Slifka, Andrew J.; Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Amaro, Robert L.; Lauria, Damian S.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hayden, Louis E.] Louis E Hayden Associates, Bethlehem, PA USA. [Stalheim, Douglas G.] DGS Met Solut Inc, Vancouver, WA USA. [Chen, Yaoshan] CRES, Dublin, OH USA. RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4604-9 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A026 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BF1BJ UT WOS:000380290200026 ER PT J AU Jonsson, P Bengtsson, P Ekman, J Gustafsson, S Karlsson, LB Gaigalas, G Fischer, CF Kato, D Murakami, I Sakaue, HA Hara, H Watanabe, T Nakamura, N Yamamoto, N AF Jonsson, P. Bengtsson, P. Ekman, J. Gustafsson, S. Karlsson, L. B. Gaigalas, G. Fischer, C. Froese Kato, D. Murakami, I. Sakaue, H. A. Hara, H. Watanabe, T. Nakamura, N. Yamamoto, N. TI Relativistic CI calculations of spectroscopic data for the 2p(6) and 2p(5)3l configurations in Ne-like ions between Mg III and Kr XXVII SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-STRUCTURE PACKAGE; FE-XVII; ENERGY-LEVELS; BEAM-FOIL; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; IMAGING SPECTROMETER; FORBIDDEN TRANSITION; LIFETIMES AB Energies, E1, M1, E2, M2 transition rates, oscillator strengths, and lifetimes from relativistic configuration interaction calculations are reported for the states of the 2p(6), 2p(5)3s, 2p(5)3p, and 2p(5)3d, configurations in all Ne-like ions between Mg III and Kr XXVII. Core-valence and core-core correlation effects are accounted for through single and double excitations to increasing sets of active orbitals. The Breit interaction and leading quantum electrodynamic effects are included as perturbations. The results are compared with experiments and other recent benchmark calculations. In Mg III, Al IV, Si V. P VI, S VII, and Ar IX, for which experimental energies are known to high accuracy, the mean error in the calculated energies is only 0.011%. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Jonsson, P.; Bengtsson, P.; Ekman, J.; Gustafsson, S.; Karlsson, L. B.] Malmo Univ, Sch Technol, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. [Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius Pedag Univ, Dept Phys, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Fischer, C. Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kato, D.; Murakami, I.; Sakaue, H. A.] Natl Inst Nat Sci, Natl Inst Fus Sci, Toki, Gifu 5095292, Japan. [Hara, H.; Watanabe, T.] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Nakamura, N.] Univ Electrocommun, Chofu, Tokyo 1828585, Japan. [Yamamoto, N.] Chubu Univ, Kasugai, Aichi 4878501, Japan. RP Jonsson, P (reprint author), Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. EM per.jonsson@mah.se RI Ekman, Jorgen/C-1385-2013; Gustafsson, Stefan/L-5491-2013; Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013; Karlsson, Lennart /F-7419-2014; NAKAMURA, Nobuyuki/B-4945-2011 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637; Karlsson, Lennart /0000-0003-0043-0548; FU National Institutes of Natural Science of Japan; Swedish research council FX This work is partially supported by the Research Cooperation program in the National Institutes of Natural Science of Japan. Support from the Swedish research council is also acknowledged. NR 45 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 19 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X EI 1090-2090 J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD JAN PY 2014 VL 100 IS 1 BP 1 EP 154 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2013.06.001 PG 154 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 269JO UT WOS:000328237800001 ER PT J AU Wang, MY Misakian, M He, HJ Bajcsy, P Abbasi, F Davis, JM Cole, KD Turko, IV Wang, LL AF Wang, Meiyao Misakian, Martin He, Hua-Jun Bajcsy, Peter Abbasi, Fatima Davis, Jeffrey M. Cole, Kenneth D. Turko, Illarion V. Wang, Lili TI Quantifying CD4 receptor protein in two human CD4+lymphocyte preparations for quantitative flow cytometry SO CLINICAL PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC); Lyophilized Cyto-Trol (TM); CD4 receptor density; Flow cytometry; Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry (MS); Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Microvilli; Cell surface area AB Background: In our previous study that characterized different human CD4+ lymphocyte preparations, it was found that both commercially available cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and a commercially available lyophilized PBMC (Cyto-Trol T) preparation fulfilled a set of criteria for serving as biological calibrators for quantitative flow cytometry. However, the biomarker CD4 protein expression level measured for T helper cells from Cyto-Trol was about 16% lower than those for cryopreserved PBMC and fresh whole blood using flow cytometry and mass cytometry. A primary reason was hypothesized to be due to steric interference in anti-CD4 antibody binding to the smaller sized lyophilized control cells. Method: Targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry (MS) is used to quantify the copy number of CD4 receptor protein per CD4+ lymphocyte. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is utilized to assist searching the underlying reasons for the observed difference in CD4 receptor copy number per cell determined by MRM MS and CD4 expression measured previously by flow cytometry. Results: The copy number of CD4 receptor proteins on the surface of the CD4+ lymphocyte in cryopreserved PBMCs and in lyophilized control cells is determined to be (1.45 +/- 0.09) x 10(5) and (0.85 +/- 0.11) x 10(5), respectively, averaged over four signature peptides using MRM MS. In comparison with cryopreserved PBMCs, there are more variations in the CD4 copy number in lyophilized control cells determined based on each signature peptide. SEM images of CD4+ lymphocytes from lyophilized control cells are very different when compared to the CD4+ T cells from whole blood and cryopreserved PBMC. Conclusion: Because of the lyophilization process applied to Cyto-Trol control cells, a lower CD4 density value, defined as the copy number of CD4 receptors per CD4+ lymphocyte, averaged over three different production lots is most likely explained by the loss of the CD4 receptors on damaged and/or broken microvilli where CD4 receptors reside. Steric hindrance of antibody binding and the association of CD4 receptors with other biomolecules likely contribute significantly to the nearly 50% lowe