FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Park, Y Remley, KA AF Park, Youngcheol Remley, Kate A. GP IEEE TI Two-Stage Correction for Wideband Wireless Signal Generators with Time-Interleaved Digital-to-Analog-Converters SO 2014 83RD ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG): MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 83rd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG) - Microwave Measurements for Emerging Technologies CY JUN 06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, MTT S, ARFTG DE Millimeter-wave wireless communications; modulated signal; signal generator; wireless systems AB We present a correction technique for arbitrary waveform generators that utilize time-interleaved digital-to-analog converters. By correcting non-ideal responses of the digital-to-analog converters, the overall signal quality of the source can be improved. To verify this technique, the improvement in a 64-quadrature-amplitude-modulated waveform with a bandwidth of 1.25 GHz was evaluated. The error vector magnitude of the source was improved from 7.8 % to 0.7% with the proposed corrections. C1 [Park, Youngcheol] Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Seoul, South Korea. [Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Park, Y (reprint author), Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Seoul, South Korea. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4423-1 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC4NM UT WOS:000352790100013 ER PT S AU Yu, LB Duan, F Lei, Y Kacker, RN Kuhn, DR AF Yu, Linbin Duan, Feng Lei, Yu Kacker, Raghu N. Kuhn, D. Richard BE Clarke, PJ Zulkernine, M Paul, RA Xu, J TI Combinatorial Test Generation For Software Product Lines Using Minimum Invalid Tuples SO 2014 IEEE 15TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON HIGH-ASSURANCE SYSTEMS ENGINEERING (HASE) SE IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE) CY JAN 09-11, 2014 CL Miami, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc DE Feature Model; Combinatorial Testing; Constraint Handling AB A software product line is a set of software systems that share some common features. Several recent works have been reported that apply combinatorial testing, a very effective testing strategy, to software product lines. A unique challenge in these efforts is dealing with a potentially large number of constraints among different features. In this paper, we propose a novel constraint-handling strategy that uses minimum invalid tuples (MITs) as an alternative to traditional constraint solvers. Our approach systematically derives all MITs from a software product line, and uses them to quickly determine the validity of a test configuration during test generation. We implemented a test generation research tool called LOOKUP that integrates the proposed constraint-handling strategy with a general test generation algorithm called IPOG-C. Experimental results show that LOOKUP performs considerably better than two existing test generation tools in terms of test size and execution time. C1 [Yu, Linbin; Duan, Feng; Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kuhn, D. Richard] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, LB (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM linbin.yu@mavs.uta.edu; feng.duan@mavs.uta.edu; ylei@cse.uta.edu; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; kuhn@nist.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1530-2059 BN 978-1-4799-3465-2 J9 IEEE HI ASS SYS ENGR PY 2014 BP 65 EP 72 DI 10.1109/HASE.2014.18 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BC3MK UT WOS:000351728000009 ER PT J AU Dirksen, RJ Sommer, M Immler, FJ Hurst, DF Kivi, R Vomel, H AF Dirksen, R. J. Sommer, M. Immler, F. J. Hurst, D. F. Kivi, R. Voemel, H. TI Reference quality upper-air measurements: GRUAN data processing for the Vaisala RS92 radiosonde SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; AWEX-G; HUMIDITY; VALIDATION; CAMPAIGN; CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERE; ACCURACY; PRODUCTS AB The GCOS (Global Climate Observing System) Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN) data processing for the Vaisala RS92 radiosonde was developed to meet the criteria for reference measurements. These criteria stipulate the collection of metadata, the use of well-documented correction algorithms, and estimates of the measurement uncertainty. An important and novel aspect of the GRUAN processing is that the uncertainty estimates are vertically resolved. This paper describes the algorithms that are applied in version 2 of the GRUAN processing to correct for systematic errors in radiosonde measurements of pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind, as well as how the uncertainties related to these error sources are derived. Currently, the RS92 is launched on a regular basis at 13 out of 15 GRUAN sites. An additional GRUAN requirement for performing reference measurements with the RS92 is that the manufacturer-prescribed procedure for the radiosonde's preparation, i.e. heated reconditioning of the sensors and recalibration during ground check, is followed. In the GRUAN processing however, the recalibration of the humidity sensors that is applied during ground check is removed. For the dominant error source, solar radiation, laboratory experiments were performed to investigate and model its effect on the RS92's temperature and humidity measurements. GRUAN uncertainty estimates are 0.15K for night-time temperature measurements and approximately 0.6K at 25 km during daytime. The other uncertainty estimates are up to 6% relative humidity for humidity, 10-50m for geopotential height, 0.6 hPa for pressure, 0.4-1ms(-1) for wind speed, and 1 degrees for wind direction. Daytime temperature profiles for GRUAN and Vaisala processing are comparable and consistent within the estimated uncertainty. GRUAN daytime humidity profiles are up to 15% moister than Vaisala processed profiles, of which two-thirds is due to the radiation dry bias correction and one-third is due to an additional calibration correction. Redundant measurements with frost point hygrometers (CFH and NOAA FPH) show that GRUAN-processed RS92 humidity profiles and frost point data agree within 15% in the troposphere. No systematic biases occur, apart from a 5% dry bias for GRUAN data around 40 degrees C at night. C1 [Dirksen, R. J.; Sommer, M.; Immler, F. J.; Voemel, H.] Richard Assmann Observ, Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, Deutsch Wetterdienst, D-15848 Lindenberg Tauche, Germany. [Hurst, D. F.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Hurst, D. F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kivi, R.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Sodankyla, Finland. RP Dirksen, RJ (reprint author), Richard Assmann Observ, Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, Deutsch Wetterdienst, Observ 12, D-15848 Lindenberg Tauche, Germany. EM ruud.dirksen@dwd.de RI Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 12 BP 4463 EP 4490 DI 10.5194/amt-7-4463-2014 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CF1GA UT WOS:000352290900016 ER PT S AU Johnson, LL Anulacion, BF Arkoosh, MR Burrows, DG da Silva, DAM Dietrich, JP Myers, MS Spromberg, J Ylitalo, GM AF Johnson, Lyndal L. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Arkoosh, Mary R. Burrows, Douglas G. da Silva, Denis A. M. Dietrich, Joseph P. Myers, Mark S. Spromberg, Julann Ylitalo, Gina M. BE Tierney, KB Farrell, AP Brauner, CJ TI EFFECTS OF LEGACY PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS) IN FISH-CURRENT AND FUTURE CHALLENGES SO ORGANIC CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY OF FISHES SE Fish Physiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; TOXICOPATHIC HEPATIC-LESIONS; SOLE PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; CARP CYPRINUS-CARPIO C1 [Johnson, Lyndal L.; Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Arkoosh, Mary R.; da Silva, Denis A. M.; Dietrich, Joseph P.; Myers, Mark S.; Spromberg, Julann; Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burrows, Douglas G.] NOAA, Environm Conservat Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Johnson, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 411 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1546-5098 BN 978-0-12-398254-4 J9 FISH PHYSIOL JI Fish Physiology PY 2014 VL 33 BP 53 EP 140 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398254-4.00002-9 PG 88 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC3NB UT WOS:000351739400003 ER PT S AU Collier, TK Anulacion, BF Arkoosh, MR Dietrich, JP Incardona, JP Johnson, LL Ylitalo, GM Myers, MS AF Collier, Tracy K. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Arkoosh, Mary R. Dietrich, Joseph P. Incardona, John P. Johnson, Lyndal L. Ylitalo, Gina M. Myers, Mark S. BE Tierney, KB Farrell, AP Brauner, CJ TI EFFECTS ON FISH OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) AND NAPHTHENIC ACID EXPOSURES SO ORGANIC CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY OF FISHES SE Fish Physiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID KILLIFISH FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; SOLE PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; MEDAKA ORYZIAS-LATIPES; SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE; CYPRINUS-CARPIO L; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL C1 [Collier, Tracy K.] Puget Sound Partnership, Tacoma, WA 98501 USA. [Anulacion, Bernadita F.; Arkoosh, Mary R.; Dietrich, Joseph P.; Incardona, John P.; Johnson, Lyndal L.; Ylitalo, Gina M.; Myers, Mark S.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Collier, TK (reprint author), Puget Sound Partnership, Tacoma, WA 98501 USA. NR 296 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1546-5098 BN 978-0-12-398254-4 J9 FISH PHYSIOL JI Fish Physiology PY 2014 VL 33 BP 195 EP 255 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398254-4.00004-2 PG 61 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC3NB UT WOS:000351739400005 ER PT S AU Fulton, MH Key, PB DeLorenzo, ME AF Fulton, M. H. Key, P. B. DeLorenzo, M. E. BE Tierney, KB Farrell, AP Brauner, CJ TI INSECTICIDE TOXICITY IN FISH SO ORGANIC CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY OF FISHES SE Fish Physiology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRESH-WATER FISH; CYPRINUS-CARPIO L.; MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; CHANNA-PUNCTATUS BLOCH; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; BRAIN ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES C1 [Fulton, M. H.; Key, P. B.; DeLorenzo, M. E.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. RP Fulton, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. NR 238 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1546-5098 BN 978-0-12-398254-4 J9 FISH PHYSIOL JI Fish Physiology PY 2014 VL 33 BP 309 EP 368 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-398254-4.00006-6 PG 60 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC3NB UT WOS:000351739400007 ER PT J AU McDonough, WG Dunkers, JP Forster, AL Heckert, NA Kim, JH Wight, SA Holmes, GA AF McDonough, Walter G. Dunkers, Joy P. Forster, Amanda L. Heckert, N. Alan Kim, Jae H. Wight, Scott A. Holmes, Gale A. BE Ames, RG Boeka, RD TI TESTING AND ANALYSES OF COPOLYMER FIBERS BASED ON 5-AMINO-2-(P-AMINOPHENYL)-BENZIMIDAZOLE SO 28TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Symposium on Ballistics CY SEP 22-26, 2014 CL Atlanta, GA SP Natl Defense Ind Assoc, Int Ballist Soc ID ACRYLIC-MELAMINE COATINGS; BALLISTIC FIBERS; EXPOSURE AB The co-polymer aramid fiber morphology is markedly different from PBO and PPTA fibers. This morphology makes removing single filaments for testing a challenge, yet this challenge must be overcome if we are to understand the fundamental properties for fibers being considered for such critical applications. For each fiber type, the tensile strengths were similar, with the standard deviations for the wet extracted fibers being roughly half that for the dry extracted fibers and the wet extraction process significantly reduced the damage to the fiber surfaces. C1 [McDonough, Walter G.; Kim, Jae H.; Holmes, Gale A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Amanda L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forster, Amanda L.; Wight, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heckert, N. Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McDonough, WG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-60595-149-2 PY 2014 BP 1543 EP 1551 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Mechanics; Physics GA BC2IL UT WOS:000350969700168 ER PT S AU Thomas, DS AF Thomas, Douglas S. BE Chapman, RE Goodkind, MN TI Economic Impact of Improved Service-Life Prediction for Seams in Low-Slope EPDM Roofing SO IDEAS TO IMPACT: HOW BUILDING ECONOMIC STANDARDS KEEP YOU ON TRACK SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Building Economics CY OCT 05, 2014 CL New Orleans, LA SP ASTM Int Comm E06 Performance Bldg & Subcommittee E06.81 Bldg Econ DE adjusted internal rate of return; construction; EPDM; present value net savings; roofing; savings-to-investment ratio; service-life AB In the early part of the 1970s, built-up roofing dominated the U.S. membrane roofing industry. It was estimated that 10 % to 15 % of these roofs failed prematurely, but by the early 1980s new membranes were being rapidly adopted. Among them, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) rubber, manufactured as preformed single-ply sheets ready for field installation, experienced the most rapid growth. Although performance was generally satisfactory, far too often, disbonding of seams occurred. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) researchers developed a creep-rupture methodology to study the factors affecting seam performance including mechanical loading of the seam, thickness of the adhesive used to form the seam, and rubber surface cleanness of the rubber before the adhesive was applied. This research had a noteworthy impact on the EPDM roofing industry in that it accelerated changes to seam technology and increased users' confidence that EPDM would provide satisfactory long-term performance. This paper examines the economic impact of the research conducted by NIST's Service Life Prediction (SLP) Program for EPDM roofing. Three ASTM standards are used to calculate the value of NIST's research investment: (1) present value of net savings (PVNS) [ASTM E1074-09: Practice for Measuring Net Benefits and Net Savings for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012], (2) savings-to-investment ratio (SIR) [ASTM E964-06: Practice for Measuring Benefit-to-Cost and Savings-to-Investment Ratios for Buildings and Building Systems, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012], and (3) adjusted internal rate of return (AIRR) [ ASTM E1057-06: Standard Practice for Measuring Internal Rate of Return and Adjusted Internal Rate of Return for Investments in Buildings and Building Systems, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012]. The results show that the PVNS attributable to NIST is $26.7 x 10(6) with an SIR of 2.5 and an AIRR of 13.7 %. Stated in present-value terms, every public dollar invested in NIST's SLP-related research, development, and deployment effort generated $ .5 in cost savings to the public. C1 NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thomas, DS (reprint author), NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM douglas.thomas@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7617-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1586 BP 127 EP 148 DI 10.1520/STP158620140035 PG 22 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BC2QB UT WOS:000351217000007 ER PT S AU Butry, DT AF Butry, David T. BE Chapman, RE Goodkind, MN TI The Economics of Residential Fire Sprinklers and the Potential Impact of Recent Code Changes SO IDEAS TO IMPACT: HOW BUILDING ECONOMIC STANDARDS KEEP YOU ON TRACK SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Building Economics CY OCT 05, 2014 CL New Orleans, LA SP ASTM Int Comm E06 Performance Bldg & Subcommittee E06.81 Bldg Econ DE fire sprinklers; economics; market penetration; sprinkler requirements ID PERFORMANCE AB Residential fire sprinklers are expected to prevent room flashover, improving conditions for occupant egress and thereby reducing the number of fatalities resulting from home fires. Based on data reported by the National Fire Protection Association, in the U.S., occupant deaths resulting from fires in oneand two-family dwellings ("homes") averaged 2154 between 2008 and 2012-some 71 % of all fire deaths. Of these fires, none involved homes with sprinklers, partly due to their effectiveness, but also due to their rarity in the U. S. housing stock. Their scarcity is largely explained by economic considerations. Using ASTM Standard Practices, we demonstrate the economic performance of sprinklers is primarily driven by the (1) physical performance of sprinklers in terms of fatalities avoided, (2) value of a statistical life (VSL), (3) time value of money (discount rate), (4) insurance savings for owners of sprinklered homes, and (5) sprinkler installation costs. Only until recently have the benefits been shown to outweigh the costs, specifically when the VSL is high and the discount rate is low. Such research was cited in support of a change to the International Residential Code requiring sprinklers in all new one-and two-family homes, which became effective Jan. 1, 2011. We evaluate the impact-in terms of occupant fatalities and occupant and fire service injuries avoided-from continued penetration of sprinklers into the U. S. housing stock. The results suggest that the impact can be significant, but is moderated by the rate of statewide code adoption and the turnover in the housing market. C1 NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7617-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1586 BP 149 EP 163 DI 10.1520/STP158620140038 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BC2QB UT WOS:000351217000008 ER PT S AU Kneifel, JD AF Kneifel, J. D. BE Chapman, RE Goodkind, MN TI Life-Cycle Cost Implications of More Stringent State Energy Codes SO IDEAS TO IMPACT: HOW BUILDING ECONOMIC STANDARDS KEEP YOU ON TRACK SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Building Economics CY OCT 05, 2014 CL New Orleans, LA SP ASTM Int Comm E06 Performance Bldg & Subcommittee E06.81 Bldg Econ DE building economics; economic analysis; energy efficiency; life-cycle costing AB Energy efficiency requirements in energy codes vary across states, with states having adopted energy codes ranging across editions of the industry consensus standard (ASHRAE 90.1). Some states do not have a code requirement for energy efficiency, leaving it up to the locality or jurisdiction to set its own requirements. This paper uses ASTM building economic standards (E917-05(2010) and E1074-09) to estimate the impacts that the adoption of more stringent energy codes for commercial buildings would have on building life-cycle costs. The results are based on analysis of the Building Industry Reporting and Design for Sustainability (BIRDS) database. For this study, the performance of buildings designed to meet current state energy codes is compared to their performance when meeting a "Low Energy Case" (LEC) building design based on ASHRAE 189.1-2009, which increases energy efficiency beyond the ASHRAE 90.1-2007 design, to determine whether more stringent energy standard editions are life-cycle cost-effective in reducing energy consumption. The approach is described in detail for a single city and building type (Knoxville, TN). Using the same approach, the new savings for each building type in all cities for Tennessee are calculated. The estimated average savings for each of the building types are aggregated using state-level new commercial building construction data to calculate the magnitude of the net savings ( 80.8GWh annually and $28.1 x 10(6) in life- cycle costs) that Tennessee may realize if it were to adopt the LEC design as its state energy code. These state- level estimates are further aggregated to the national level, estimating the potential total impact from nationwide adoption of the LEC design to be 34 441GWh and $1.0 billion for 1 years' worth of construction for a 10-year study period. C1 NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kneifel, JD (reprint author), NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7617-1 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1586 BP 164 EP 183 DI 10.1520/STP158620140036 PG 20 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BC2QB UT WOS:000351217000009 ER PT S AU Zarr, RR Leigh, SD AF Zarr, Robert R. Leigh, Stefan D. BE Stovall, TK Whitaker, T TI Standard Reference Material 1450d, Fibrous Glass Board, for Thermal Insulation Measurements SO NEXT-GENERATION THERMAL INSULATION CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES SE American Society for Testing and Materials Special Technical Publications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Next Generation Thermal Insulation Challenges and Opportunities CY OCT 23-24, 2013 CL Jacksonville, FL SP ASTM Int Comm C16 Thermal Insulat DE bulk density; certified reference material; guarded hot plate; heat flow meter; high density molded fibrous glass board; standard reference material; thermal conductivity; thermal insulation; thermal resistance AB Thermal conductivity measurements at and near room temperature are presented as the basis for certified values of thermal conductivity for Standard Reference Material 1450d, Fibrous Glass Board. The measurements have been conducted in accordance with a randomized full factorial experimental design with two variables, bulk density and temperature, using the National Institute of Standards and Technology 1016 mm line-heat-source guarded-hot-plate apparatus. The thermal conductivity of the specimens was measured over a range of bulk densities from 114 to 124 kg/m(3) and mean temperatures from 280 to 340 K. Uncertainties of the measurements, consistent with current international guidelines, have been prepared. A summary of the physical properties and associated analyses of Standard Reference Material 1450d are presented. C1 [Zarr, Robert R.; Leigh, Stefan D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zarr, RR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8632, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.zarr@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTM INTERNATIONAL PI WEST CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DRIVE, PO BOX C700, WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0066-0558 BN 978-0-8031-7593-8 J9 AM SOC TEST MATER PY 2014 VL 1574 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1520/STP157420130063 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BC2OL UT WOS:000351134500005 ER PT S AU Lee, HH Shinder, II Wright, JD Moldover, MR AF Lee, Hsin-Hung Shinder, Iosif I. Wright, John D. Moldover, Michael R. BE Huang, CY Tsai, HY Chang, JY Yeh, MK Lin, CA TI Application of ANFIS Method to the Non-nulling Calibration of Multi-hole Pitot Tube SO 37TH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MECHANICS (37TH NCTAM 2013) & THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MECHANICS (1ST ICM) SE Procedia Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th National Conference on Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (37th-NCTAM) / 1st International Conference on Mechanics (1st-ICM) CY NOV 08-09, 2013 CL Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu, TAIWAN SP Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Power Mech Engn, Soc Theoret & Appl Mech Republic China, Natl Sci Council HO Natl Tsing Hua Univ DE ANFIS; fuzzy logic; multi-hole pitot tube; non-nulling; calibration ID NETWORK-BASED CALIBRATION; AIR DATA SYSTEM; NEURAL-NETWORK; PRESSURE PROBES AB In this paper, ANFIS method was first applied to multi-hole pitot tube calibration modeling owing to its capability of efficient learning, easy implementation and excellent explanation through fuzzy rules. The results show that ANFIS method can help identify the dominant parameters and construct fuzzy learning system. After the determination of the ANFIS structure from the calibration data, the network of pitot tube calibration parameters was established and the correlation among non-dimensional pressure coefficients, flow angle and flow velocity were constructed as well. Due to its programmability, ANFIS can be integrated with real-time data acquisition system and wind tunnel, a large database consisting of flow properties, flow angles and the non-dimensional pressure coefficients can be efficiently established and is also helpful for shortening the calibration procedures. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Lee, Hsin-Hung] Ind Technol Res Inst, Ctr Measurement Stand, Hsinchu, Taiwan. [Shinder, Iosif I.; Wright, John D.; Moldover, Michael R.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lee, HH (reprint author), Ind Technol Res Inst, Ctr Measurement Stand, Hsinchu, Taiwan. EM KyleLee@itri.org.tw NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-7058 J9 PROCEDIA ENGINEER PY 2014 VL 79 BP 125 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.proeng.2014.06.320 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BC2FM UT WOS:000350875100018 ER PT S AU Csiszar, I Zhou, LH Godin, R Atkins, T Divakarla, M Liu, XP AF Csiszar, Ivan Zhou, Lihang Godin, Ray Atkins, Thomas Divakarla, Murty Liu, Xingpin GP IEEE TI SUOMI NPP EDR PERFORMANCE SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Joint International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) / 35th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-18, 2014 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc DE remote sensing; low earth orbit satellites; sensor systems and applications; environmental monitoring AB In this paper we describe the current maturity status of the Environmental Data Records (EDRs) from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite. The maturity status is measured by the performance of the algorithm against the documented requirements as well as the level of validation effort accomplished. Overall, the products have reached performance levels allowing operational evaluation or implementation on operational applications. Further improvements are underway towards meeting the needs of the user community. C1 [Csiszar, Ivan; Zhou, Lihang] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Csiszar, I (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011; Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011 OI Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871; Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-5775-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2014 BP 1179 EP 1181 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6946641 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC0WG UT WOS:000349688101160 ER PT S AU Churnside, JH AF Churnside, James H. GP IEEE TI ECOSYSTEM STUDIES USING PROFILING POLARIZATION LIDAR SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Joint International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) / 35th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-18, 2014 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc DE Lidar; polarization; fish; plankton; thin layers ID AIRBORNE LIDAR; SCATTERING LAYERS; OCEAN; FISH; SEA AB Airborne lidar has been demonstrated to be a useful tool to obtain horizontal distributions and vertical profiles of fish, zooplankton, and phytoplankton. Polarization filtering allows scattering from larger irregular particles like fish and plankton to be distinguished from the general background scattering. When combined with other observations, airborne lidar has been demonstrated to be a useful tool to investigate the effects of physical processes on the ecosystem and the interactions between different trophic levels. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-5775-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2014 BP 2699 EP 2702 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6947031 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC0WG UT WOS:000349688103174 ER PT S AU Zavorotny, VU Voronovich, AG AF Zavorotny, Valery U. Voronovich, Alexander G. GP IEEE TI RECENT PROGRESS ON FORWARD SCATTERING MODELING FOR GNSS REFLECTOMETRY SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Joint International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) / 35th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-18, 2014 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc DE Bistatic radar scattering; Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS); GNSS reflectometry; ocean waves; wind ID GPS SIGNALS; OCEAN; SURFACE; RETRIEVAL; WAVES AB A geometric optics limit of the Kirchhoff approximation is widely used for modeling the bistatic radar cross section of the ocean surface. The question of practically acceptable accuracy of this approximation for GNSS-R applications remains open. In this paper we use more accurate approximation, the small slope approximation to assess the validity of the geometric optics model. Here, we present the results of calculations of the bistatic radar cross section for L-band circular polarization signals using both the geometric optics model and the small slope approximation. Another issue addressed in this paper is the sensitivity of the modeled bistatic radar cross section to wind direction. Two semi-empirical surface spectral models are employed and in- and out-of-plane geometries are considered. Also, using the small slope approximation we investigate the sensitivity of the azimuthal angle dependence of the bistatic radar cross section to wave fetch. C1 [Zavorotny, Valery U.; Voronovich, Alexander G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zavorotny, VU (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-5775-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2014 BP 3814 EP 3817 DI 10.1109/IGARSS.2014.6947315 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC0WG UT WOS:000349688105096 ER PT S AU Voronovich, AG Zavorotny, VU AF Voronovich, Alexander G. Zavorotny, Valery U. GP IEEE TI SENSITIVITY OF MODELED POLARIMETRIC RADAR OCEAN SCATTERING TO WIND DIRECTION SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM (IGARSS) SE IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing IGARSS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Joint International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) / 35th Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing CY JUL 13-18, 2014 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP IEEE, Inst Elect & Elect Engineers, Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, Canadian Remote Sensing Soc DE Polarimetric radar scattering; cross polarization; ocean wind scatterometry; wind direction ID ROUGH SEA-SURFACE; VECTOR WINDS; WAVES AB The results of airborne and satellite polarimetric radar experiments at Ku- and C-bands indicate that the sensitivity of cross-polarized signals persists for high wind speed when the co-polarized signals saturate. It was found that the cross-polarized return is also sensitive to the anisotropy of the wind-driven waves. Here, our intention is to analyze how well the available theoretical models can reproduce the azimuthal angle behavior of polarimetric radar signals. We calculated the fully polarimetric normalized radar cross section using the numerical code based on a small slope approximation of the second order. These calculations are performed for Ku- and C-bands and for two semi-empirical ocean spectral models. Results are compared with the available experimental data obtained from airborne and satellite platforms. The differences between the theoretical curves and experimental data suggest that some additional contribution, presumably from scattering by steep and breaking waves, needs to be accounted for. C1 [Voronovich, Alexander G.; Zavorotny, Valery U.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2153-6996 BN 978-1-4799-5775-0 J9 INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE PY 2014 BP 5021 EP 5024 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Geology; Remote Sensing GA BC0WG UT WOS:000349688107039 ER PT J AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V. GP IEEE TI On Systemic Risk in the Cloud Computing Model SO 2014 26TH INTERNATIONAL TELETRAFFIC CONGRESS (ITC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Teletraffic Congress (ITC) CY SEP 09-11, 2014 CL Karlskrona, SWEDEN SP IEEE Commun Soc, Blekinge Tekniska Hogskola DE cloud computing model; dynamic resource sharing; economic efficiency; systemic risk; tradeoffs AB The major benefits of the emerging cloud computing infrastructure include elimination of the fixed cost and reduction in the marginal cost for the users due to the economy of scale and dynamic resource sharing. This paper argues that these unquestionable economic benefits of dynamic resource sharing are inherently associated with systemic risks and drawbacks. This possibility necessitates shift in cloud architecture design and operation paradigm from maximizing the economic benefits to managing and optimization of the inherent systemic risk/benefit tradeoffs. This paper is a first step towards exposure and quantification of inherent tradeoffs involving system economic efficiency and systemic risk of cascading overload in the cloud model of shared resources. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-9836283-9-2 PY 2014 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC0SJ UT WOS:000349470200010 ER PT J AU Edsinger, RE Reilly, ML Schooley, JF AF Edsinger, R. E. Reilly, M. L. Schooley, J. F. TI Thermal Expansion of Platinum and Platinum-Rhodium Alloys (vol 91, pg 333, 1986) SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Edsinger, R. E.; Reilly, M. L.; Schooley, J. F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edsinger, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PY 2014 VL 119 DI 10.6028/jres.091.037.errata2014 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5LU UT WOS:000350400900001 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Marks, RB AF Williams, Dylan F. Marks, Roger B. TI A General Waveguide Circuit Theory (vol 97, pg 533, 1992) SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Williams, Dylan F.; Marks, Roger B.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PY 2014 VL 119 DI 10.6028/jres.097.024.errata2014 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CC5MU UT WOS:000350403500001 ER PT S AU Chbili, Z Shreshta, PR Campbell, JP Suehle, JS Ioannou, DE Cheung, KP AF Chbili, Zakariae Shreshta, Pragya R. Campbell, Jason P. Suehle, John S. Ioannou, Dimitris E. Cheung, Kin P. BE Okumura, H Harima, H Kimoto, T Yoshimoto, M Watanabe, H Hatayama, T Matsuura, H Funaki, T Sano, Y TI Unexpected effect of thermal storage observed on SIC power DMOSFET SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2013, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials (ICSCRM) CY SEP 29-OCT 04, 2013 CL Miyazaki, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Res Inst Appl Sci, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Inst Elect Engineers Japan, Ceram Soc Japan, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Japanese Asso Crystal Growth, Vacuum Soc Japan, MITSUBISHI ELECT CORP, Cree Inc, TOKYO ELECTRON LTD, SICC Sci & Technol Co Ltd, AIXTRON SE, Infineon Technologies, Amer Elements, Lasertec Corp, MIYAZAKI CONVENT & VISITORS BUREAU, Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol Int, Exchange Program, Commemorat Org Japan World Exposit 70, Murata Sci Fdn, Inoue Fdn Sci, Kyoto Inst Technol Int Exchange Promot Fund, Fdn Promot Mat Sci & Technol Japan, Telecommunicat Advancement Fdn, Tateisi Sci & Technol Fdn, Panasoic Corp, Sumitomo Elect Ind Ltd, Dow Corning Corp, DENSO CORP, Toyota Motor Corp, Honda R&D Co Ltd, Hitachi Chem Co Ltd, SHOWA DENKO K K, Fuji Elect Co Ltd, TOSHIBA CORP, Hitachi Ltd, ROHM Co Ltd, SHINDENGEN ELECT MFG CO LTD, SICOXS CORP, Sumitomo Corp, SANKEN ELECT CO LTD DE Power electronics; SiC; DMOSFET; Reliability; TDDB; charge trapping and Temperature Instability ID RELIABILITY; MOSFETS AB In this paper we report an unexpected improvement in the SiC DMOSFET transistor characteristics after a long temperature treatment at 150 C. The evolution of the device characteristics during a TDDB stress is compared to that after an elevated temperature treatment. The improvement in characteristics after storage at high temperature is believed to be due to instabilities caused by the quality of the SiO2/SiC interface and its large density of defects. C1 [Chbili, Zakariae; Shreshta, Pragya R.; Campbell, Jason P.; Suehle, John S.; Cheung, Kin P.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chbili, Zakariae; Ioannou, Dimitris E.] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Chbili, Z (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Kin.Cheung@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2014 VL 778-780 BP 529 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.778-780.529 PG 2 WC Crystallography; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Crystallography; Materials Science GA BA5GD UT WOS:000336634100124 ER PT J AU Langseth, BJ Purcell, KM Craig, JK Schueller, AM Smith, JW Shertzer, KW Creekmore, S Rose, KA Fennel, K AF Langseth, Brian J. Purcell, Kevin M. Craig, J. Kevin Schueller, Amy M. Smith, Joseph W. Shertzer, Kyle W. Creekmore, Sean Rose, Kenneth A. Fennel, Katja TI Effect of Changes in Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations on the Spatial Dynamics of the Gulf Menhaden Fishery in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ESTUARY-DEPENDENT FISHES; BROWN SHRIMP; HYPOXIC ZONE; ATLANTIC CROAKER; LOUISIANA SHELF; TEXAS; POPULATION; MODEL; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB Declines in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in aquatic environments can lead to conditions of hypoxia (DO 2mg/L), which can directly and indirectly affect aquatic organisms. Direct effects include changes in growth and mortality; indirect effects include changes in distribution, movement, and interactions with other species. For mobile species, such as the pelagic filter-feeding Gulf Menhaden Brevoortia patronus, indirect effects are more prevalent than direct effects. The northern Gulf of Mexico experiences one of the largest areas of seasonal hypoxia in the world; this area overlaps spatially and temporally with the Gulf Menhaden commercial purse-seine fishery, which is among the largest fisheries by weight in the United States. Harvest records from the Gulf Menhaden fishery in 2006-2009 and fine-scale spatial and temporal predictions from a physical-biogeochemical model were used with spatially varying regression models to examine the effects of bottom DO concentration, spatial location, depth, week, and year on four response variables: probability of fishing, total Gulf Menhaden catch, total fishery effort, and CPUE. We found nearshore shifts in the probability of fishing as DO concentration declined, and we detected a general westward shift in all response variables. We also found increases in CPUE as DO concentration declined in the Louisiana Bight, an area that experiences chronic, severe hypoxia. The overall effects of environmental conditions on fishing response variables appeared to be moderate. Nevertheless, movement of either Gulf Menhaden or the purse-seine fishery in response to environmental conditions could potentially affect the susceptibility of Gulf Menhaden to harvest and could therefore influence assessment of the stock and associated stock status indicators.Received March 4, 2014; accepted June 26, 2014 C1 [Langseth, Brian J.; Purcell, Kevin M.; Craig, J. Kevin; Schueller, Amy M.; Smith, Joseph W.; Shertzer, Kyle W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Creekmore, Sean; Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Fennel, Katja] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Langseth, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Inouye Reg Ctr, 1845 Wasp Blvd,Bldg 176, Honolulu, HI 96818 USA. EM brian.langseth@noaa.gov RI Fennel, Katja/A-7470-2009 OI Fennel, Katja/0000-0003-3170-2331 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research FX We thank N. Bacheler, R. Leaf, and two anonymous reviewers for contributions to previous drafts of the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the Fisheries and the Environment Program of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). K.M.P. was supported by a grant from the NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research to J.K.C. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NOAA or any of its subagencies. B.J.L. designed and performed the analysis with support from K.M.P., J.K.C., A.M.S., J.W.S., and K.W.S.; A.M.S., J.K.C., K.W.S., and J.W.S. obtained funding for the research; S.C., K.A.R., and K.F. designed the physical-biogeochemical model simulations and generated and processed the DO values; and all co-authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 223 EP 234 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.949017 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC1TL UT WOS:000350126700001 ER PT J AU Garner, SB Patterson, WF Porch, CE Tarnecki, JH AF Garner, Steven B. Patterson, William F., III Porch, Clay E. Tarnecki, Joseph H. TI Experimental Assessment of Circle Hook Performance and Selectivity in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Recreational Reef Fish Fishery SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID RED SNAPPER; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; RELEASE FISHERIES; MODEL SELECTION; OFFSET CIRCLE; CATCH RATES; SURVIVAL; MANAGEMENT; GROWTH; INJURY AB Circle hooks are required when targeting reef fishes in the U.S. federal waters of the Gulf of Mexico. However, limited data is available to evaluate circle hook performance (e.g., hooking location and catch rate) or selectivity in this fishery. Therefore, a fishing experiment was conducted to test the performance of a range of circle hook sizes (2/0 and 4/0 Mustad 39940BLN and 9/0, 12/0, and 15/0 Mustad 39960D) in the recreational reef fish fishery, as well as to estimate hook selectivity directly for Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, the most targeted reef fish in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Reef fish communities were surveyed with a micro remotely operated vehicle equipped with a laser scaler and then fished with one of five circle hook sizes. Hooking location typically was in the jaw for all hooks examined, with the mean percentage of jaw hooking being 94.1% for all reef fishes and 92.9% for Red Snapper. Fish size generally increased with hook size but at the cost of a reduced catch rate. The percentage of the catch constituted by Red Snapper decreased from 73% for 2/0 hooks to 60% for 9/0 hooks but then increased to 84% for 15/0 hooks. Dome-shaped (exponential logistic) selectivity functions resulted when fitting candidate models to hook-specific Red Snapper size at catch and remotely operated vehicle laser-scaled size distribution data. While Red Snapper median size at full selectivity increased with circle hook size, the difference in that parameter between the smallest and largest hooks was only 66mm, or a difference of approximately one age-class. Results of this study suggest that mandating the use of large (e.g., 12/0) circle hooks would have relatively little effect on either Red Snapper catch rate or selectivity but would decrease the catch rate for other reef fishes, which would be problematic during closed Red Snapper seasons when fishermen attempt to target other species.Received February 19, 2014; accepted July 29, 2014 C1 [Garner, Steven B.; Patterson, William F., III; Tarnecki, Joseph H.] Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Porch, Clay E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Garner, SB (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM sgarner@disl.org FU U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service's Cooperative Research Program [NA09NMF4540137] FX Funding for this work was provided by the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service's Cooperative Research Program (NA09NMF4540137) to W.F.P. and C.E.P. We gratefully acknowledge charter boat captains Johnny Greene, Gary Jarvis, Sean Kelley, and Seth Wilson, along with their crews, for the invaluable cooperation and assistance they provided throughout this study. We also thank the numerous volunteer anglers who participated in fishing experiments. NR 43 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 235 EP 246 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.952463 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC1TL UT WOS:000350126700002 ER PT J AU Campbell, MD Pollack, AG Driggers, WB Hoffmayer, ER AF Campbell, Matthew D. Pollack, Adam G. Driggers, William B. Hoffmayer, Eric R. TI Estimation of Hook Selectivity of Red Snapper and Vermilion Snapper from Fishery-Independent Surveys of Natural Reefs in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ESTIMATING GILLNET SELECTIVITY; ALGARVE SOUTHERN PORTUGAL; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; SIZE-SELECTIVITY; FUNCTIONAL FORM; CATCH; NETS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; NEBULOSUS AB Implementation of circle hook regulations in the Gulf of Mexico will impact the length structure and age structure of the snapper-grouper fishery catch as well as demographic data for stock assessments; therefore, an understanding of circle hook selectivity patterns is critical. Indirect selectivity analysis of the vertical-line catch of Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus and Vermilion Snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens showed that for both species, there were significant differences in mean FL among hook sizes, broad length frequency distributions, and wide selectivity curves. Although the results suggest that hook size regulations could be a useful management strategy for targeting desired size-classes of these snappers, the broadly overlapping length distributions indicate that undersized catch would not be eliminated. Selectivity curves generated from the different families of distributions produced equally good fit to the data and provided a basis for evaluating various selectivity curves when the size structure of the sampled population is unknown. If the size structure of the population is known, then the use of direct selectivity methods is recommended. Right-skewed distributions generally fit the data best, suggesting that hook regulations are likely to be more effective if the desired goal is to reduce the amount of undersized catch by eliminating small hook sizes. Conversely, elimination of large hooks appears to be less likely to reduce the catch of larger size-classes because mouth gape is likely the primary limiting factor and small hooks can catch large fish. Catch rates were significantly different among hook sizes; thus, regulations based on hook size could impact fishing effort and change the dynamics of how the snapper-grouper fishery is prosecuted. Tradeoffs between moderate improvements in size-class targeting, changes in effort, and various components of fishing mortality (i.e., catch and regulatory discards) will require further investigation through simulation modeling or field experimentation.Received April 23, 2014; accepted September 16, 2014 C1 [Campbell, Matthew D.; Driggers, William B.; Hoffmayer, Eric R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Pollack, Adam G.] NOAA, Riverside Technol Inc, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Campbell, MD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM matthew.d.campbell@noaa.gov OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0002-0087-5291 NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 260 EP 273 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.968302 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC1TL UT WOS:000350126700004 ER PT J AU Rand, KM Munro, P Neidetcher, SK Nichol, DG AF Rand, Kimberly M. Munro, Peter Neidetcher, Sandra K. Nichol, Daniel G. TI Observations of Seasonal Movement from a Single Tag Release Group of Pacific Cod in the Eastern Bering Sea SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; MORHUA; GULF; FISHERY; INSHORE; ALASKA; MAINE AB The Pacific Cod Gadus macrocephalus in the eastern Bering Sea is the target of one of the most lucrative fisheries in Alaska; however, relatively little is known about the movement of Pacific Cod and how this interacts with intense fishing on local spawning aggregations of cod every spring (January-April). This study aimed to draw inferences on Pacific Cod movement using a single tag release group of fish and the fishery as a representative for movement by qualitatively examining both temporal and spatial patterns of tag recoveries. Based on the tag recoveries in this study and past genetic studies, there is evidence that Pacific Cod show both homing tendencies and site fidelity during the spring when large aggregations of cod form to spawn. This study also supports results from an earlier study on Pacific Cod movement in this region and presents new insights into cod movement patterns. The cod in this tag release group were widely distributed across the Bering Sea during the summer and fall months and returned to the vicinity of the release site in the spring, presumably to spawn. Understanding the movement of cod and their interactions with the fishery is essential to the successful management of the Pacific Cod stock.Received May 12, 2014; accepted October 7, 2014 C1 [Rand, Kimberly M.; Neidetcher, Sandra K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fishery Management Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Munro, Peter; Nichol, Daniel G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment Conservat & Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rand, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fishery Management Div, 7600 Sand Point Way Northeast, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kimberly.rand@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [815, 508] FX We thank the North Pacific Research Board for providing the funding for this research paper (NPRB Project 815, Publication 508). We thank Stan Kotwicki at the AFSC for providing input on bottom temperatures in the Bering Sea. We also thank the crew members of the FV Pacific Star for providing the platform for the tag release of Pacific Cod in the Bering Sea. Thanks are extended to the AFSC scientists, including Terry Sample and Olav Ormseth, who participated in the cruise. Finally, thank you to the three AFSC reviewers, in particular Libby Logerwell, the Fisheries Interaction Team leader. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NMFS, NOAA. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the NMFS. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 287 EP 296 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.976680 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA CC1TL UT WOS:000350126700006 ER PT J AU Becerra, LO Borys, M Chung, JW Davidson, S Fuchs, P Jacques, C Jian, W Kubarych, ZJ Kumar, A Malengo, A Fenn, K Medina, N Meury, PA Mizushima, S Picard, A Steyn, R Zelenka, Z AF Becerra, Luis Omar Borys, Michael Chung, Jin Wan Davidson, Stuart Fuchs, Peter Jacques, Claude Jian, Wang Kubarych, Zeina J. Kumar, Anil Malengo, Andrea Fenn, Kitty Medina, Nieves Meury, Paul-Andre Mizushima, Shigeki Picard, Alain Steyn, Ronel Zelenka, Zoltan TI Final report on CCM.M-K4: Key comparison of 1 kg stainless steel mass standards SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB This report describes a key comparison of 1 kg stainless steel mass standards, CCM.M-K4, undertaken by the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) Working Group on the Dissemination of the kilogram (WGD-kg). The CCM.M-K4 comparison was launched during the 12th meeting of the CCM (2010). The aim of the present comparison is to verify the consistency of 1 kg stainless steel mass standards among members of the CCM. The previous CCM 1 kg stainless steel mass standards comparison was carried out in 1995-1997 as the CCM.M-K1 comparison. The Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was the pilot laboratory for this key comparison. There were sixteen participants in the CCM.M-K4 comparison, all are CCM members. The comparison was structured into four petals with two stainless steel travelling mass standards per petal. The measurements and the reported results were completed between one month and five months depending on the participants. One laboratory's results were found to be inconsistent with the other laboratories' results and one other laboratory gave a significant deviation from the key comparison reference value (KCRV). Both laboratories were contacted before preparation of this draft A, without disclosing the details of the deviations, to allow them to check and revise their values. The fourteen other participants were in agreement with each other and degrees of equivalence have been established. Finally, the mass values of the eight stainless steel travelling standards were determined in air by the NMIs with claimed standard uncertainties ranging from 0.007 mg to 0.021 mg. Degrees of equivalence have been established by using the Generalized Linear Least-Squares estimation (GLS) method. The result demonstrates the high quality of this comparison and that some participants are able to provide, for their mass calibration services, standard uncertainties of around ten micrograms. The good uniformity of world-wide mass dissemination since the last periodic mass verification carried out in 1992 is demonstrated by the agreement among the NMI's results. In addition, the observed weighted mean of the NMI deviations against the BIPM is -0.0098 mg (sigma = 0.0036 mg). Despite the good result obtained in this particular comparison we should, in order to have a more accurate calibration system, improve the knowledge of the ageing effects of the mass references and to increase the BIPM calibration frequency of the national prototypes. C1 [Becerra, Luis Omar] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Municipio El Marques 76246, Queretaro, Mexico. [Borys, Michael] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Chung, Jin Wan] Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Ctr Mass & Related Quant, Taejon 305340, South Korea. [Davidson, Stuart] Natl Phys Lab, Mass Grp, Engn Measurement Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Fuchs, Peter] Fed Inst Metrol METAS, Lab Masse Kraft & Druck, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Jacques, Claude] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Jian, Wang] Natl Inst Metrol, Mech & Acoust Div, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. [Kubarych, Zeina J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Quantum Measurement Div, Mass & Force Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kumar, Anil] Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. [Malengo, Andrea] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Fenn, Kitty] Natl Measurement Inst, West Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Medina, Nieves] Ctr Espanol Metrol, Tres Cantos Madrid 28760, Spain. [Meury, Paul-Andre] DMSI, Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, Dept Masse Volume Masse Volum Viscosite, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Mizushima, Shigeki] Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Mech Metrol Div, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Picard, Alain] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Steyn, Ronel] Natl Metrol Inst South Africa, Mass Dens & Small Volume Lab, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. [Zelenka, Zoltan] Bundesamt Eich & Vermessungwesen, A-1160 Vienna, Austria. RP Picard, A (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM apicard@bipm.org NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 22 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700040 ER PT J AU Benkova, M Makovnik, S Mickan, B Arias, R Chahine, K Funaki, T Li, CH Choi, HM Seredyuk, D Su, CM Windenberg, C Wright, J AF Benkova, Miroslava Makovnik, Stefan Mickan, Bodo Arias, Roberto Chahine, Khaled Funaki, Tatsuya Li, Chunhui Choi, Hae Man Seredyuk, Denys Su, Chun-Min Windenberg, Christophe Wright, John TI Final report on CIPM key comparison CCM.FF-K6.2011: Comparison of the Primary (National) Standards of Low-Pressure Gas Flow SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Benkova, Miroslava] CMI, Brno, Czech Republic. [Makovnik, Stefan] SMU, Bratislava, Slovakia. [Mickan, Bodo] PTB, Berlin, Germany. [Arias, Roberto] CENAM, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Chahine, Khaled] NMI, Lindfield, NSW, Australia. [Funaki, Tatsuya] NMIJ AIST, Ibaraki, Japan. [Li, Chunhui] NIM, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Choi, Hae Man] KRISS, Taejon, South Korea. [Seredyuk, Denys] GP, Kiev, Ukraine. [Su, Chun-Min] CMS, Taipei, Taiwan. [Windenberg, Christophe] LNE LADG, Paris, France. [Wright, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Benkova, M (reprint author), CMI, Brno, Czech Republic. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 36 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700039 ER PT J AU Bierzychudek, ME Elmquist, R Hernandez, F AF Bierzychudek, Marcos E. Elmquist, Randolph Hernandez, Felipe TI SIM.EM-S10 RMO COMPARISON FINAL REPORT High value resistance comparison with two-terminal cryogenic current comparators SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bierzychudek, Marcos E.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Santa Fe, Argentina. [Elmquist, Randolph] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Hernandez, Felipe] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Bierzychudek, ME (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Santa Fe, Argentina. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 36 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700088 ER PT J AU Gressier, V Bonaldi, AC Dewey, MS Gilliam, DM Harano, H Masuda, A Matsumoto, T Moiseev, N Nico, JS Nolte, R Oberstedt, S Roberts, NJ Rottger, S Thomas, DJ AF Gressier, V. Bonaldi, A. C. Dewey, M. S. Gilliam, D. M. Harano, H. Masuda, A. Matsumoto, T. Moiseev, N. Nico, J. S. Nolte, R. Oberstedt, S. Roberts, N. J. Roettger, S. Thomas, D. J. TI International Key Comparison of Neutron Fluence Measurements in Monoenergetic Neutron Fields - CCRI(III)-K11 SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMANDE FACILITY; LONG COUNTER AB To ensure the validity of their national standards, National Metrology Institutes, NMIs, participate regularly in international comparisons. In the area of neutron metrology, Section III of the Consultative Committee for Ionizing Radiation is in charge of the organization of these comparisons. From September 2011 to October 2012, the eleventh key comparison, named CCRI(III)-K11, took place at the AMANDE facility of the LNE-IRSN, in France. Participants from nine NMIs came with their own primary reference instruments, or instruments traceable to primary standards, with the aim of determining the neutron fluence, at 1 m distance from the target in vacuum, per monitor count at four monoenergetic neutron fields: 27 keV, 565 keV, 2.5 MeV and 17 MeV. The key comparison reference values (KCRV) were evaluated as the weighted mean values of the results provided by seven participants. The uncertainties of each KCRV are between 0.9 % and 1.7 %. The degree of equivalence (DoE), defined as the deviation of the result reported by the laboratories for each energy from the corresponding KCRV, and the associated expanded uncertainty are also reported and discussed. C1 [Gressier, V.] Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Bonaldi, A. C.; Oberstedt, S.] Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Dewey, M. S.; Gilliam, D. M.; Nico, J. S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harano, H.; Masuda, A.; Matsumoto, T.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. [Moiseev, N.] DI Mendeleyev Inst Metrol, St Petersburg 190005, Russia. [Nolte, R.; Roettger, S.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38023 Braunschweig, Germany. [Roberts, N. J.; Thomas, D. J.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Gressier, V (reprint author), Inst Radiol Protect & Nucl Safety, F-13115 St Paul Les Durance, France. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S AR 06009 PG 33 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700053 ER PT J AU Huang, PH Meyer, CW Martines-Lopez, E Pacheco, JAD Mendez-Lango, E AF Huang, P. H. Meyer, C. W. Martines-Lopez, E. Davila Pacheco, J. A. Mendez-Lango, E. TI BILATERAL KEY COMPARISON SIM.T-K6.2 ON HUMIDITY STANDARDS IN THE DEW/FROST-POINT TEMPERATURE RANGE FROM-20 degrees C TO 20 degrees C SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material DE Comparison; Humidity; Dew Point; Frost Point; Degree of Equivalence AB A Regional Metrology Organization (RMO) Key Comparison of dew/frost point temperatures was carried out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, USA) and the Centro Nacional de Metrologia (CENAM, Mexico) between July, 2008 and December, 2008. The results of this comparison are reported here, along with descriptions of the humidity laboratory standards for NIST and CENAM and the uncertainty budget for these standards. This report also describes the protocol for the comparison and presents the data acquired. The results are analyzed, determining degree of equivalence between the dew/frost-point standards of NIST and CENAM. C1 [Huang, P. H.; Meyer, C. W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, PH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700093 ER PT J AU Kessler, C Allisy-Roberts, PJ Minniti, R AF Kessler, C. Allisy-Roberts, P. J. Minniti, R. TI Comparisons of the radiation protection standards for air kerma of the NIST and the BIPM for Co-60 and Cs-137 gamma radiation SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID RAY BEAMS; REEVALUATION; EXPOSURE AB An indirect comparison of the standards for air kerma of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA, and of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out in the Co-60 and Cs-137 radiation protection-level beams of the BIPM in September 2011. The comparison results, based on the calibration coefficient for two transfer standards and expressed as a ratio of the NIST and the BIPM standards for air kerma, are 1.0023 with a combined standard uncertainty of 3.2 x 10(-3) in Co-60 and 0.9990 with a combined standard uncertainty of 3.5 x 10(-3) in Cs-137. The result in the Co-60 beam for radiation protection agrees within the uncertainties with the result of the comparison carried out at the same time in the CIS Bio Co-60 beam for radiotherapy-level air kerma. C1 [Kessler, C.; Allisy-Roberts, P. J.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Minniti, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kessler, C (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700024 ER PT J AU Michotte, C Ratel, G Courte, S Yunoki, A Unno, Y Fitzgerald, R Pibida, L Frechou, C Bobin, C Thiam, C AF Michotte, C. Ratel, G. Courte, S. Yunoki, A. Unno, Y. Fitzgerald, R. Pibida, L. Frechou, C. Bobin, C. Thiam, C. TI BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 of activity measurements of the radionuclide I-131 for the NMIJ (Japan), the NIST (USA) and the LNE-LNHB (France), with linked results for the APMP.RI(II)-K2.I-131 comparison SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB Three new participations in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 comparison have been added to the previous results and this has produced a revised value for the key comparison reference value (KCRV), calculated using the power-moderated weighted mean. A link has been made to the APMP.RI(II)-K2.I-131 comparison held in 2009 through the NMIJ who participated in both comparisons. Three national metrology institutes (NMIs) used the Asia Pacific Metrology Programme (APMP) comparison to update their degree of equivalence. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the International Reference System (SIR) and the KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table for twelve NMIs in the BIPM.RI(II)-K1.I-131 comparison and five other participants in the APMP.RI(II)-K2.I-131 comparison. A graphical presentation is also given. C1 [Michotte, C.; Ratel, G.; Courte, S.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. [Yunoki, A.; Unno, Y.] Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Fitzgerald, R.; Pibida, L.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Michotte, C (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S AR 06003 PG 25 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700032 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, G Guenther, F Duewer, D Lee, J Kim, JS Hall, B Weiss, R Harth, C Reimann, S Vollmer, M AF Rhoderick, George Guenther, Franklin Duewer, David Lee, Jeongsoon Kim, Jin Seog Hall, Bradley Weiss, Ray Harth, Christina Reimann, Stefan Vollmer, Martin TI CCQM-P151 Final Report Pilot Study CCQM P151 Halocarbons in Dry Whole Air SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB The growing awareness of climate change/global warming and continuing concerns regarding stratospheric ozone depletion will require future measurements and standards for many compounds, in particular halocarbons that are linked to these issues. In order to track and control the emissions of these species globally in the atmosphere, it is necessary to demonstrate measurement equivalence at the highest levels of accuracy for assigned values of standards. This report describes the results of a pilot study between National Metrology Institutes and atmospheric research laboratories for several of the more important halocarbons at atmospheric concentration levels. The comparison includes the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC 12), trichlorofluoromethane (CFC 11), and 1,1,2- trichlorotrifluoroethane (CFC 113); the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC 22) and 1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC 142b); and the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane (HFC 134a), all in a dried whole air sample. The objective of this key comparison is to compare the measurement capabilities of the participants for these halocarbons at trace atmospheric levels. C1 [Rhoderick, George; Guenther, Franklin; Duewer, David] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Jeongsoon; Kim, Jin Seog] KRISS, Div Metrol Qual Life, Taejon, South Korea. [Hall, Bradley] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Weiss, Ray; Harth, Christina] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Geosci Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Reimann, Stefan; Vollmer, Martin] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Empa, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Rhoderick, G (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 38 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700050 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, G Guenther, F Duewer, D Lee, J Moon, D Lee, J Lim, J Kim, JS AF Rhoderick, George Guenther, Franklin Duewer, David Lee, Jeongsoon Moon, Dongmin Lee, Jinbok Lim, Jeongsik Kim, Jin Seog TI CCQM-K83 Final Report International Comparison CCQM-K83 Halocarbons in Dry Whole Air SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rhoderick, George; Guenther, Franklin; Duewer, David] NIST, Gas Sensing Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lee, Jeongsoon; Moon, Dongmin; Lee, Jinbok; Lim, Jeongsik; Kim, Jin Seog] KRISS, Ctr Gas Anal, Div Metrol Qual Life, Taejon, South Korea. RP Rhoderick, G (reprint author), NIST, Gas Sensing Metrol Grp, Div Chem Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 33 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700048 ER PT J AU Sanchez, H Cioffi, J Ventura, R Ferreira, V Ramos, R Martinez, A Montaluisa, J Gonzalez, J Postigo, H Hamilton, F Elmquist, R Zhang, NF Izquierdo, D AF Sanchez, Harold Cioffi, Jorge Ventura, Rodrigo Ferreira, Vitor Ramos, Rodrigo Martinez, Alexander Montaluisa, Julio Gonzalez, Julio Postigo, Henry Hamilton, Francis Elmquist, Rand Zhang, Nien Fan Izquierdo, Daniel TI Final Report SIM.EM-S5 Voltage, Current and Resistance Comparison June 2007-October 2009 SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material DE Comparison; multimeter; measurement error; measurement uncertainty AB This is a report of the results of the second Interamerican Metrology System (SIM) comparison on calibration of digital multimeters, 'performed for strengthening the interaction among National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and for establishing the degree of equivalence between those laboratories in accordance with the CIPM Mutual Recognition Agreement. From June 2007 to October 2009, four multimeters were used as traveling standards for measurements in eleven countries, with NIST-USA acting as pilot laboratory. Results for nine measurement points are presented as errors relative to a comparison reference value together with their uncertainty. C1 [Cioffi, Jorge] INTI, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. [Elmquist, Rand; Zhang, Nien Fan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM hsanchez@ice.go.cr NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 21 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700089 ER PT J AU Via, J Moussay, P Wielgosz, R Li, H Hui, WL Norris, JE Guenther, F AF Via, Joele Moussay, Philippe Wielgosz, Robert Li, Hou Hui, Wendy Liu Norris, James E. Guenther, Frank TI Final report, On-going Key Comparison BIPM.QM-K1, Ozone at ambient level, comparison with NMC, A*STAR, May 2013 SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB As part of the on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of Singapore maintained by the National Metrology Centre, A*STAR (NMC, A*STAR) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), via a transfer standard maintained by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol. C1 [Via, Joele; Moussay, Philippe; Wielgosz, Robert] BIPM, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Li, Hou; Hui, Wendy Liu] ASTAR, NMC, Singapore 118221, Singapore. [Norris, James E.; Guenther, Frank] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Via, J (reprint author), BIPM, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM jviallon@bipm.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 24 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700015 ER PT J AU Viallon, J Moussay, P Idrees, F Wielgosz, R Norris, JE Guenther, F AF Viallon, Joele Moussay, Philippe Idrees, Faraz Wielgosz, Robert Norris, James E. Guenther, Franck TI Final report, Ongoing Key Comparison BIPM.QM-K1, Ozone at ambient level, comparison with NIST, (February 2013) SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material AB As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range of 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol. C1 [Viallon, Joele; Moussay, Philippe; Idrees, Faraz; Wielgosz, Robert] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. [Norris, James E.; Guenther, Franck] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Viallon, J (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM jviallon@bipm.org NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 26 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700017 ER PT J AU Vogl, J Yim, YH Lee, KS Goenaga-Infante, H Malinowskiy, D Ren, TX Wang, J Vocke, RD Murphy, K Nonose, N Rienitz, O Noordmann, J Naykki, T Sara-Aho, T Ari, B Cankur, O AF Vogl, Jochen Yim, Yong-Hyeon Lee, Kyoung-Seok Goenaga-Infante, Heidi Malinowskiy, Dmitriy Ren, Tongxiang Wang, Jun Vocke, Robert D., Jr. Murphy, Karen Nonose, Naoko Rienitz, Olaf Noordmann, Janine Naykki, Teemu Sara-Aho, Timo Ari, Betul Cankur, Oktay TI Final report of the key comparison CCQM-K98 Pb isotope amount ratios in bronze SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vogl, Jochen] BAM, Brooklyn, NY 11217 USA. [Yim, Yong-Hyeon; Lee, Kyoung-Seok] KRISS, Taejon, South Korea. [Goenaga-Infante, Heidi; Malinowskiy, Dmitriy] LGC, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Ren, Tongxiang; Wang, Jun] NIM, Uttarkashi, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Vocke, Robert D., Jr.; Murphy, Karen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Nonose, Naoko] NMIJ, Tokyo, Japan. [Rienitz, Olaf; Noordmann, Janine] PTB, Braunschweig, Germany. [Naykki, Teemu; Sara-Aho, Timo] SYKE, Inglewood, CA USA. [Ari, Betul; Cankur, Oktay] TUBITAK UME, Kocaeli, Turkey. RP Vogl, J (reprint author), BAM, Brooklyn, NY 11217 USA. RI Vogl, Jochen/A-5960-2009 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S PG 47 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700049 ER PT J AU Watjen, U Altzitzoglou, T Ceccatelli, A Dikmen, H Ferreux, L Frechou, C Garcia, L Gundogdu, G Kis-Benedek, G La Rosa, J Luca, A Moreno, Y Oropesa, P Pierre, S Schmiedel, M Spasova, Y Szucs, L Vasile, M Wershofen, H Yucel, U AF Watjen, U. Altzitzoglou, T. Ceccatelli, A. Dikmen, H. Ferreux, L. Frechou, C. Garcia, L. Gundogdu, G. Kis-Benedek, G. La Rosa, J. Luca, A. Moreno, Y. Oropesa, P. Pierre, S. Schmiedel, M. Spasova, Y. Szuecs, L. Vasile, M. Wershofen, H. Yucel, U. TI Activity concentration measurements of Cs-137, Sr-90 and K-40 in a wild food matrix reference material (Wild Berries) CCRI(II)-S8 SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material ID GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY; EFFICIENCY TRANSFER AB In 2009, the CCRI approved a supplementary comparison to be organized by the IRMM as pilot laboratory for the activity concentrations of Cs-137, Sr-90 and K-40 in a matrix material of dried bilberries. The organization of this comparison and the material and measurement methods used are described. The supplementary comparison reference value (SCRV) for each of the three radionuclides are given together with the degrees of equivalence of each participating laboratory with the SCRV for the specific radionuclide. The results of this supplementary comparison allow the participating NMIs/designated institutes to declare calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) for the given radionuclides in a similar type of food matrix, an important aspect seen the relatively few supplementary comparisons for activity in matrix materials organized so far. C1 [Watjen, U.; Altzitzoglou, T.; Spasova, Y.; Vasile, M.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Garcia, L.; Moreno, Y.; Oropesa, P.] Ctr Isotopos, Radionuclide Metrol Dept CENTIS DMR, Havana, Cuba. [Ceccatelli, A.; Kis-Benedek, G.] IAEA, Dept Nucl Sci & Applicat, Terr Environm Lab, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Luca, A.] Horia Hulubei Natl Inst Res & Dev Phys & Nucl Eng, Magurele 077125, Romania. [Ferreux, L.; Frechou, C.; Pierre, S.] CEA Saclay, LIST, Lab Natl Metrol & Essais, Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Szuecs, L.] Hungarian Trade Licensing Off MKEH, HU-1124 Budapest, Hungary. [La Rosa, J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schmiedel, M.; Wershofen, H.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Dikmen, H.; Gundogdu, G.; Yucel, U.] Turkish Atom Energy Commiss, Saraykoy Nucl Res & Training Ctr, TR-06983 Ankara, Turkey. RP Watjen, U (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. RI Luca, Aurelian/A-3645-2011 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PY 2014 VL 51 SU S AR 06007 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA CB7PV UT WOS:000349820700052 ER PT S AU Qiu, S Cao, CY Zhang, B Shao, X Xie, W Bai, Y Li, CR AF Qiu, Shi Cao, Changyong Zhang, Bin Shao, Xi Xie, Wang Bai, Yan Li, Chuanrong BE Larar, AM Suzuki, M Wang, J TI Feasibility study of remote sensing using structured light for 3D damage assessments after natural disasters SO MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Remote Sensing Technology, Techniques and Applications V CY OCT 14-16, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE remote sensing; 3D; disaster assessments; 3D scanning; structured light ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; EARTHQUAKE; SATELLITE AB Feasibility of using structured light for remote sensing and 3D damage assessments have been explored in this study. Although near real-time reconstruction of 3D objects in color is an active research area which possesses a wide variety of application including disaster assessments, its application to remote sensing is relatively new. Structured light can be applied to aircraft, UAV platforms, as well as provide in situ accurate disaster assessments. It also provides ground truth for validating satellite observations. The feasibility for this type of applications is investigated with model building and automobile experiments and has produced promising preliminary results. C1 [Qiu, Shi; Shao, Xi; Bai, Yan] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xie, Wang] Harvard Univ, Dept Math, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Li, Chuanrong] Chinese Acad Sci, Acad OptoElect, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Qiu, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-330-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9263 AR UNSP 92632R DI 10.1117/12.2068760 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC1AH UT WOS:000349892800056 ER PT S AU Schiel, JE Mire-Sluis, A Davis, D AF Schiel, John E. Mire-Sluis, Anthony Davis, Darryl BE Schiel, JE Davis, DL Borisov, OV TI Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics: The Need for Biopharmaceutical Reference Materials SO STATE-OF-THE-ART AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THERAPEUTIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CHARACTERIZATION, VOL 1 - MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THERAPEUTICS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND REGULATORY SPACE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGY PAT; FC-FUSION PROTEINS; HOST-CELL PROTEINS; BISPECIFIC ANTIBODIES; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; PRODUCTS; MURINE; MOUSE AB Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) harness the highly evolved specificity of adaptive immunity to fight disease. mAb-based therapeutics have grown exponentially with the advent of mammalian cell culture, process, and formulation technology. At the same time, state-of-the-art and emerging analytical and biophysical methodology provides very detailed process and product information. Although such a battery of methodology and wealth of information is critical to product understanding, the accuracy, precision, robustness, and suitability of such techniques are also of critical importance. Performance specifications have previously been set on a product-specific basis and continued suitability verified with trending and comparability to in-house product-specific reference standards. This mechanism is likely irreplaceable due to the highly individual yet heterogeneous nature of mAb therapeutics. However, a representative and widely available material, coupled with detailed historical data, would greatly supplement characterization efforts throughout the drug product lifecycle. To this end, a first-of-its kind qualitative and quantitative biopharmaceutical reference material to supplement drug substance/product characterization is described. The NIST mAb IgG1 kappa is intended to provide a well-characterized, longitudinally available test material that is expected to greatly facilitate development of originator and follow-on biologics for the foreseeable future. C1 [Schiel, John E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mire-Sluis, Anthony] Amgen Inc, North Amer Singapore Abingdon Contract & Prod Qua, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Davis, Darryl] Janssen Res & Dev LLC, Spring House, PA 19002 USA. RP Schiel, JE (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.schiel@nist.gov NR 98 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3026-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1176 BP 1 EP 34 D2 10.1021/bk-2014-1176 PG 34 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BC0ZH UT WOS:000349873500002 ER PT S AU Schiel, JE Davis, DL Borisov, OV AF Schiel, John E. Davis, Darryl L. Borisov, Oleg V. BE Schiel, JE Davis, DL Borisov, OV TI State-of-the-Art and Emerging Technologies for Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Characterization Volume 1. Monoclonal Antibody Therapeutics: Structure, Function, and Regulatory Space Preface SO STATE-OF-THE-ART AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR THERAPEUTIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY CHARACTERIZATION, VOL 1 - MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY THERAPEUTICS: STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND REGULATORY SPACE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Schiel, John E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Darryl L.] Janssen Res & Dev LLC, Spring House, PA 19002 USA. [Borisov, Oleg V.] Novavax Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Schiel, JE (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.schiel@nist.gov; DDavis14@its.jnj.com; oborisov@novavax.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-3026-2 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1176 BP IX EP XI D2 10.1021/bk-2014-1176 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA BC0ZH UT WOS:000349873500001 ER PT S AU Serra, YL Jiang, XA Tian, BJ Amador-Astua, J Maloney, ED Kiladis, GN AF Serra, Yolande L. Jiang, Xianan Tian, Baijun Amador-Astua, Jorge Maloney, Eric D. Kiladis, George N. BE Gadgil, A Liverman, DM TI Tropical Intraseasonal Modes of the Atmosphere SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 39 SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE multiscale variability; Madden-Julian oscillation; convectively coupled equatorial waves; tropical convection; convective organization; atmospheric transport ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; WEST-AFRICAN MONSOON; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; STATIC ENERGY BUDGET; SOUTH CHINA SEA; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; INTRA-AMERICA SEA AB Tropical intraseasonal variability (TISV) of the atmosphere describes the coherent variability in basic state variables, including pressure, wind, temperature, and humidity, as well as in the physical phenomena associated with the covariability of these parameters, such as rainfall and cloudiness, over synoptic (similar to 1,000 km, similar to 1-10 days) to planetary (similar to 10,000 km, similar to 10-100 days) scales. In the past, the characteristics of individual TISV modes were studied separately, and much has been learned from this approach. More recent studies have increasingly focused on the multiscale nature of these modes, leading to exciting new developments in our understanding of tropical meteorology. This article reviews the most recent observations of TISV and its associated impacts on regional weather, short-term climate patterns, and atmospheric chemical transports, as well as the ability of numerical models to capture these interacting modes of variability. We also suggest where the field might focus its efforts in the future. C1 [Serra, Yolande L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Jiang, Xianan] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Joint Inst Reg Earth Syst Sci & Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Jiang, Xianan; Tian, Baijun] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Amador-Astua, Jorge] Univ Costa Rica, Sch Phys, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. [Amador-Astua, Jorge] Univ Costa Rica, Ctr Geophys Res, San Jose 115012060, Costa Rica. [Maloney, Eric D.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Serra, YL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM serra@email.arizona.edu; xianan@jifresse.ucla.edu; baijun.tian@jpl.nasa.gov; jorge.amador@ucr.ac.cr; emaloney@atmos.colostate.edu; george.n.kiladis@noaa.gov RI Tian, Baijun/A-1141-2007; Maloney, Eric/A-9327-2008; Serra, Yolande/I-3457-2015 OI Tian, Baijun/0000-0001-9369-2373; Maloney, Eric/0000-0002-2660-2611; Serra, Yolande/0000-0003-3542-1158 NR 218 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2339-4 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour PY 2014 VL 39 BP 189 EP 215 DI 10.1146/annurev-environ-020413-134219 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB9LO UT WOS:000348446900008 ER PT S AU Jackson, RB Vengosh, A Carey, JW Davies, RJ Darrah, TH O'Sullivan, F Petron, G AF Jackson, Robert B. Vengosh, Avner Carey, J. William Davies, Richard J. Darrah, Thomas H. O'Sullivan, Francis Petron, Gabrielle BE Gadgil, A Liverman, DM TI The Environmental Costs and Benefits of Fracking SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES, VOL 39 SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE horizontal drilling; hydraulic fracturing; induced seismicity; shale gas; water resources; air quality; well integrity ID NATURAL-GAS OPERATIONS; MARCELLUS SHALE GAS; DRINKING-WATER WELLS; UNITED-STATES; WASTE-WATER; BARNETT SHALE; HAYNESVILLE SHALE; FRACTURED SHALE; METHANE LEAKAGE; PIPELINE LEAKS AB Unconventional oil and natural gas extraction enabled by horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is driving an economic boom, with consequences described from "revolutionary" to "disastrous." Reality lies somewhere in between. Unconventional energy generates income and, done well, can reduce air pollution and even water use compared with other fossil fuels. Alternatively, it could slow the adoption of renewables and, done poorly, release toxic chemicals into water and air. Primary threats to water resources include surface spills, wastewater disposal, and drinking-water contamination through poor well integrity. An increase in volatile organic compounds and air toxics locally are potential health threats, but the switch from coal to natural gas for electricity generation will reduce sulfur, nitrogen, mercury, and particulate air pollution. Data gaps are particularly evident for human health studies, for the question of whether natural gas will displace coal compared with renewables, and for decadal-scale legacy issues of well leakage and plugging and abandonment practices. Critical topics for future research C1 [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.] Stanford Univ, Precourt Inst Energy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Jackson, Robert B.; Vengosh, Avner] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Carey, J. William] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Davies, Richard J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Darrah, Thomas H.] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [O'Sullivan, Francis] MIT, Energy Initiat, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Petron, Gabrielle] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jackson, RB (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm, Sch Earth Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM rob.jackson@stanford.edu; vengosh@duke.edu; bcarey@lanl.gov; darrah.24@osu.edu; frankie@mit.edu; gabrielle.petron@noaa.gov RI Darrah, Tom/I-2253-2016 NR 166 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 82 U2 415 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1543-5938 BN 978-0-8243-2339-4 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour PY 2014 VL 39 BP 327 EP 362 DI 10.1146/annurev-environ-031113-144051 PG 36 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BB9LO UT WOS:000348446900013 ER PT S AU Sohn, MY Silver, RM AF Sohn, Martin Y. Silver, Richard M. BE Figueiro, M Lerner, S Muschaweck, J Rogers, J TI 193 nm scatterfield microscope illumination optics SO INTERNATIONAL OPTICAL DESIGN CONFERENCE 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Optical Design Conference (IODC) CY JUN 23-26, 2014 CL HI SP Opt Soc, SPIE, Amer Elements Corp, Edmund Opt Inc, Optimax Syst Inc, Rochester Precis Opt LLC, Synopsys Inc DE Scatterfield microscopy; 193 nm; lens design; microscope design; instrumentation; measurement; semiconductor metrology; angular illumination AB A scatterfield microscope for deep sub-wavelength semiconductor metrology using 193 nm light has been designed. In addition to accommodating the fixed numerical aperture and size of its commercial catadioptric objective lens, the illumination optics are formed to implement essential parameters necessary for angular illumination control at the sample plane. This angle-resolved scatterfield microscope requires access to a relatively large (> 10 mm) conjugate back focal plane as well as increased fluence from the ArF excimer laser source. The parametric optimization process yielded a telecentric conjugate back focal plane with appropriate numerical aperture and diameter by adjustment of the parameters of two interrelated lens groups. C1 [Sohn, Martin Y.; Silver, Richard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sohn, MY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.sohn@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-378-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9293 AR 92931D DI 10.1117/12.2074211 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BC0RM UT WOS:000349402800048 ER PT S AU Wang, XL Liu, XM Jiang, LD Wang, MH Sun, JQ AF Wang, Xiaolong Liu, Xiaoming Jiang, Lide Wang, Menghua Sun, Junqiang BE Frouin, RJ Pan, D Murakami, H Son, YB TI VIIRS Ocean Color Data Visualization and Processing With IDL-Based NOAA-SeaDAS SO OCEAN REMOTE SENSING AND MONITORING FROM SPACE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Remote Sensing and Monitoring from Space CY OCT 15-16, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE NOAA-SeaDAS; VIIRS; MODIS; GOCI; IDL; ocean color remote sensing; image visualization ID PRODUCTS; SEAWIFS; IMAGER; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENT; ALGORITHM; WATERS; SYSTEM; MODIS AB The NOAA Sea-viewing Data Analysis System (NOAA-SeaDAS) is an Interactive Data Language (IDL)-based satellite data visualization, analysis, and processing system based on the version 6.4 of the NASA's Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view (SeaWiFS) Data Analysis System (SeaDAS) released in 2012. NOAA-SeaDAS inherited all the original functionalities of SeaDAS 6.4 and was upgraded with many new functions and new sensor supports, particularly the support of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (SNPP). The main goal of the NOAA-SeaDAS development is primarily in support of NOAA ocean color team's calibration and validation activities. The current version of NOAA-SeaDAS can visualize, analyze, and process VIIRS Sensor Data Records (SDR or Level-1B data) produced by the NOAA Interface Data Processing System (IDPS), ocean color Environmental Data Records (EDR or Level-2 data) produced by the NOAA Multi-Sensor Level-1 to Level-2 (MSL12) ocean color data processing system, and Level-3 data binned or mapped from Level-2 data produced by NOAA-MSL12. NOAA-SeaDAS is currently serving an active IDL user group at NOAA and will serve other institutions and universities in the future. The goal is to allow various scientific users to visualize, analyze, and process VIIRS data from Level-1B through Level-2 and Level-3. In addition, NOAA-SeaDAS can also visualize satellite images from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), as well as many other satellite ocean color sensors, e. g., SeaWiFS, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), etc. NOAA-SeaDAS is under constant development to create new system functionalities and enhance user experience. With constantly increasing volume in the global ocean color data archive, NOAA-SeaDAS will play an important role in support of global marine environment data analysis and various scientific applications. C1 [Wang, Xiaolong; Liu, Xiaoming; Jiang, Lide; Wang, Menghua; Sun, Junqiang] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, XL (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010; Liu, Xiaoming/F-5571-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411; NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-328-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9261 AR 92611H DI 10.1117/12.2070478 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB9ZW UT WOS:000348837900036 ER PT J AU Skillicorn, AD Taylor, TJ Kelley, MH Nelson, ED AF Skillicorn, Alan D. Taylor, Thomas J. Kelley, Michael H. Nelson, Eric D. GP IEEE TI Toward More Effective Spectrum Testing and Sharing SO 2014 NATIONAL WIRELESS RESEARCH COLLABORATION SYMPOSIUM (NWRCS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Wireless Research Collaboration Symposium (NWRCS) CY MAY 15-16, 2014 CL Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID SP IEEE Comp Soc, Natl Sci Fdn, IEEE, Idaho State Univ, Eastern Idaho Engn Council, Idaho Acad Sci, Bannock Dev Corp, S2 Corp HO Idaho Natl Lab DE spectrum; spectrum sharing; testing; NASCTN; CAC; DOC; DOD AB In response to the Presidential Memorandum on Wireless Innovation and the recommendation of the Presidential Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), the federal government has begun the process of organizing a National Advanced Spectrum and Communications Test Network (NASCTN) under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC). The intent of this organization is to provide a single place for information about and access to all federally owned, operated or funded spectrum test facilities. This paper describes the NASCTN effort and the processes that are being developed to support its role as a focal point for spectrum sharing testing in the federal government. C1 [Skillicorn, Alan D.] Mitre Corp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Taylor, Thomas J.] US Dept Def, Washington, DC USA. [Kelley, Michael H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Nelson, Eric D.] Natl Telecommun & Informat Adm, Inst Telecommun Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Skillicorn, AD (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 BP 123 EP + DI 10.1109/NWRCS.2014.27 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BC0LO UT WOS:000349176100022 ER PT S AU Perkins, TT AF Perkins, Thomas T. BE Dill, KA TI Angstrom-Precision Optical Traps and Applications SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF BIOPHYSICS, VOL 43 SE Annual Review of Biophysics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE optical tweezers; single-molecule force spectroscopy; DNA; molecular motor; RNA polymerase ID SINGLE-MOLECULE BIOPHYSICS; RNA-POLYMERASE MOLECULES; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; VIRUS NS3 HELICASE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; KINESIN MOLECULES; MECHANICAL FORCE; HIGH-RESOLUTION; STRETCHING DNA; TWEEZERS AB Single-molecule optical-trapping experiments are now resolving the smallest units of motion in biology, including 1-base-pair steps along DNA. This review initially concentrates on the experimental problems with achieving 1-angstrom instrumental stability and the technical advances necessary to overcome these issues. Instrumental advances are complemented by insights in optical-trapping geometry and single-molecule motility assay development to accommodate the elasticity of biological molecules. I then discuss general issues in applying this measurement capability in the context of precision measurements along DNA. Such enhanced optical-trapping assays are revealing the fundamental step sizes of increasingly complex enzymes, as well as informative pauses in enzymatic motion. This information in turn is providing mechanistic insight into kinetic pathways that are difficult to probe by traditional assays. I conclude with a brief discussion of emerging techniques and future directions. C1 [Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Perkins, TT (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 NR 100 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 28 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1936-122X BN 978-0-8243-1843-7 J9 ANNU REV BIOPHYS JI Annu. Rev. Biophys. PY 2014 VL 43 BP 279 EP 302 DI 10.1146/annurev-biophys-042910-155223 PG 24 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA BB9LG UT WOS:000348434000013 PM 24773015 ER PT S AU Kelman, LM Kelman, Z AF Kelman, Lori M. Kelman, Zvi BE Bassler, BL TI Archaeal DNA Replication SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF GENETICS, VOL 48 SE Annual Review of Genetics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Archaea; initiation of DNA replication; protein-DNA interactions; protein-protein interactions; regulation of DNA replication; protein structure ID MINICHROMOSOME MAINTENANCE PROTEIN; THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM DELTA-H; CELL NUCLEAR ANTIGEN; MCM HELICASE ACTIVITY; N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; SULFOLOBUS-SOLFATARICUS; METHANOBACTERIUM-THERMOAUTOTROPHICUM; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; THERMOCOCCUS-KODAKARENSIS; BINDING-PROTEINS AB DNA replication is essential for all life forms. Although the process is fundamentally conserved in the three domains of life, bioinformatic, biochemical, structural, and genetic studies have demonstrated that the process and the proteins involved in archaeal DNA replication are more similar to those in eukaryal DNA replication than in bacterial DNA replication, but have some archaeal-specific features. The archaeal replication system, however, is not monolithic, and there are some differences in the replication process between different species. In this review, the current knowledge of the mechanisms governing DNA replication in Archaea is summarized. The general features of the replication process as well as some of the differences are discussed. C1 [Kelman, Lori M.] Montgomery Coll, Program Biotechnol, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kelman, LM (reprint author), Montgomery Coll, Program Biotechnol, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. EM lori.kelman@montgomerycollege.edu; zkelman@umd.edu NR 184 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-4197 BN 978-0-8243-1248-0 J9 ANNU REV GENET JI Annu. Rev. Genet. PY 2014 VL 48 BP 71 EP 97 DI 10.1146/annurev-genet-120213-092148 PG 27 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA BB9LP UT WOS:000348448600004 PM 25421597 ER PT S AU Playford, HY Owen, LR Levin, I Tucker, MG AF Playford, Helen Y. Owen, Lewis R. Levin, Igor Tucker, Matt G. BE Clarke, DR TI New Insights into Complex Materials Using Reverse Monte Carlo Modeling SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH, VOL 44 SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE materials; local structure; total scattering; pair distribution function ID PAIR-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; TOTAL SCATTERING; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL DISORDER; PHASE-TRANSITION; HIGH-TEMPERATURE; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; PYROCHLORE; SIMULATION AB Local structure and disorder in crystalline materials are increasingly recognized as the key to understanding their functional properties. From negative thermal expansion to dielectric response to thermoelectric properties to ionic conductivity, a clear picture of the local atomic arrangements is essential for understanding these phenomena and developing new practical systems. The combination of total scattering and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling can provide an unprecedented level of structural detail. In this article, we briefly introduce the method and present a short overview of the scientific areas in which RMC has provided important new insights. Finally, we discuss how the RMC algorithm can be used to combine inputs from multiple experimental techniques, thus moving toward a complex modeling paradigm and helping us to fully understand complex functional materials. C1 [Playford, Helen Y.; Tucker, Matt G.] Harwell Oxford, ISIS Facil, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Owen, Lewis R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England. [Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Harwell Oxford, Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England. RP Playford, HY (reprint author), Harwell Oxford, ISIS Facil, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM matt.tucker@stfc.ac.uk RI Tucker, Matt/C-9867-2016; OI Tucker, Matt/0000-0002-2891-7086; Owen, Lewis/0000-0003-2311-3908 NR 72 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 40 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1744-7 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2014 VL 44 BP 429 EP 449 DI 10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121712 PG 21 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB9LT UT WOS:000348451900017 ER PT J AU Lee, L Wooldridge, PJ Gilman, JB Warneke, C de Gouw, J Cohen, RC AF Lee, L. Wooldridge, P. J. Gilman, J. B. Warneke, C. de Gouw, J. Cohen, R. C. TI Low temperatures enhance organic nitrate formation: evidence from observations in the 2012 Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA; ALKYL; CONSTANTS; ALKANES; NOX; OH AB Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and total alkyl nitrates (Sigma ANs) were measured using thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence during the 2012 Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS) in Utah, USA. The observed NO2 concentration was highest before sunrise and lowest in the late afternoon, suggestive of a persistent local source of NO2 coupled with turbulent mixing out of the boundary layer. In contrast, Sigma ANs co-varied with solar radiation with a noontime maximum, indicating that local photochemical production combined with rapid mixing and/or deposition was the dominant factor in determining the 6 AN concentrations. We calculate that Sigma ANs were a large fraction (similar to 60%) of the HOx free radical chain termination and show that the temperature dependence of the alkyl nitrate yields enhances the role of Sigma ANs in local chemistry during winter by comparison to what would occur in the warmer temperatures of summer. C1 [Lee, L.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Warneke, C.; de Gouw, J.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Cohen, R. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Cohen, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM rccohen@berkeley.edu RI Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; FU NOAA [NA13OAR4310067]; NSF [AGS-1120076] FX The authors acknowledge the NOAA office of global programs: NA13OAR4310067 and NSF AGS-1120076 for their support of this research. The authors also acknowledge Jim Roberts for his hospitality and support in PAN, HONO, and ClNO2 data, and Brian Lerner for VOC data. NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 22 BP 12441 EP 12454 DI 10.5194/acp-14-12441-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ9LR UT WOS:000348536700004 ER PT J AU Samset, BH Myhre, G Herber, A Kondo, Y Li, SM Moteki, N Koike, M Oshima, N Schwarz, JP Balkanski, Y Bauer, SE Bellouin, N Berntsen, TK Bian, H Chin, M Diehl, T Easter, RC Ghan, SJ Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Lamarque, JF Lin, G Liu, X Penner, JE Schulz, M Seland, O Skeie, RB Stier, P Takemura, T Tsigaridis, K Zhang, K AF Samset, B. H. Myhre, G. Herber, A. Kondo, Y. Li, S-M. Moteki, N. Koike, M. Oshima, N. Schwarz, J. P. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. E. Bellouin, N. Berntsen, T. K. Bian, H. Chin, M. Diehl, T. Easter, R. C. Ghan, S. J. Iversen, T. Kirkevag, A. Lamarque, J-F. Lin, G. Liu, X. Penner, J. E. Schulz, M. Seland, O. Skeie, R. B. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Tsigaridis, K. Zhang, K. TI Modelled black carbon radiative forcing and atmospheric lifetime in AeroCom Phase II constrained by aircraft observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL PROFILES; CLIMATE MODELS; AEROSOL DIRECT; EMISSIONS; UNCERTAINTY; SENSITIVITY; PACIFIC; BUDGET AB Atmospheric black carbon (BC) absorbs solar radiation, and exacerbates global warming through exerting positive radiative forcing (RF). However, the contribution of BC to ongoing changes in global climate is under debate. Anthropogenic BC emissions, and the resulting distribution of BC concentration, are highly uncertain. In particular, long-range transport and processes affecting BC atmospheric lifetime are poorly understood. Here we discuss whether recent assessments may have overestimated present-day BC radiative forcing in remote regions. We compare vertical profiles of BC concentration from four recent aircraft measurement campaigns to simulations by 13 aerosol models participating in the AeroCom Phase II intercomparison. An atmospheric lifetime of BC of less than 5 days is shown to be essential for reproducing observations in remote ocean regions, in line with other recent studies. Adjusting model results to measurements in remote regions, and at high altitudes, leads to a 25% reduction in AeroCom Phase II median direct BC forcing, from fossil fuel and biofuel burning, over the industrial era. The sensitivity of modelled forcing to BC vertical profile and lifetime highlights an urgent need for further flight campaigns, close to sources and in remote regions, to provide improved quantification of BC effects for use in climate policy. C1 [Samset, B. H.; Myhre, G.; Berntsen, T. K.; Skeie, R. B.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Herber, A.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res Helmholtz, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Kondo, Y.; Moteki, N.; Koike, M.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Li, S-M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Oshima, N.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Schwarz, J. P.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Balkanski, Y.] CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bauer, S. E.; Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bauer, S. E.; Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Earth Inst, New York, NY USA. [Bellouin, N.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bian, H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Chin, M.; Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Easter, R. C.; Ghan, S. J.; Zhang, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Schulz, M.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Lamarque, J-F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, NCAR Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lin, G.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Liu, X.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Diehl, T.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Iversen, T.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Iversen, T.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Bellouin, N.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Diehl, T.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Samset, BH (reprint author), CICERO, Oslo, Norway. EM b.h.samset@cicero.oslo.no RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Oshima, Naga/E-4708-2012; Myhre, Gunnar/A-3598-2008; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Samset, Bjorn H./B-9248-2012; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Myhre, Gunnar/0000-0002-4309-476X; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Samset, Bjorn H./0000-0001-8013-1833; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; FU Research Council of Norway; EC [FP7-ENV-2011-282688]; Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program - US Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research; Office of Biological and Environmental Research; DOE [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; European Research Council under the European Union [FP7-280025]; UK NERC [NE/J022624/1]; NASA MAP [NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N, NN-H-08-Z-DA-001-N]; Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim [207711/E10]; NOTUR/NorStore; Norwegian Space Center through the PM-VRAE project; National Science Foundation; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Ministry of the Environment, Japan [A-0803, A-1101, 2-1403]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [23221001, 26701004] FX B. H. Samset, G. Myhre and M. Schulz were supported by the Research Council of Norway, through the grants SLAC, AEROCOM-P3 and EarthClim, and the EC Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement FP7-ENV-2011-282688 (ECLIPSE). R. C. Easter, S. J. Ghan, X. Liu and K. Zhang were supported by the Scientific Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) program funded by the US Department of Energy Office of Advanced Scientific Computing Research and Office of Biological and Environmental Research. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. P. Stier's research has been supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. FP7-280025 and by the UK NERC project GASSP (NE/J022624/1). S. E. Bauer was supported by the NASA MAP program (NN-H-04-Z-YS-008-N and NN-H-08-Z-DA-001-N). Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS). T. Iversen, A. Kirkevag and O. Seland were supported by the Research Council of Norway through the EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, CRAICC, and through the EU projects PEGASOS and ACCESS. A. Kirkevag also received funding from the Norwegian Space Center through the PM-VRAE project. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. N. Bellouin was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). Y. Kondo, N. Moteki, M. Koike, and N. Oshima were supported by the Global Environment Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (A-0803, A-1101, and 2-1403) and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23221001 and 26701004. NR 43 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 3 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 22 BP 12465 EP 12477 DI 10.5194/acp-14-12465-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ9LR UT WOS:000348536700006 ER PT J AU Hoffmann, L Hoppe, CM Muller, R Dutton, GS Gille, JC Griessbach, S Jones, A Meyer, CI Spang, R Volk, CM Walker, KA AF Hoffmann, L. Hoppe, C. M. Mueller, R. Dutton, G. S. Gille, J. C. Griessbach, S. Jones, A. Meyer, C. I. Spang, R. Volk, C. M. Walker, K. A. TI Stratospheric lifetime ratio of CFC-11 and CFC-12 from satellite and model climatologies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC SPECTROMETER ILAS; ENVISAT-MIPAS MEASUREMENTS; OZONE DEPLETION; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; POLAR VORTEX; ACE-FTS; MIDDLE LATITUDES; TECHNICAL NOTE; PIPE MODEL; TRANSPORT AB Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) play a key role in stratospheric ozone loss and are strong infrared absorbers that contribute to global warming. The stratospheric lifetimes of CFCs are a measure of their stratospheric loss rates that are needed to determine global warming and ozone depletion potentials. We applied the tracer-tracer correlation approach to zonal mean climatologies from satellite measurements and model data to assess the lifetimes of CFCl3 (CFC-11) and CF2Cl2 (CFC-12). We present estimates of the CFC-11 = CFC-12 lifetime ratio and the absolute lifetime of CFC-12, based on a reference lifetime of 52 years for CFC-11. We analyzed climatologies from three satellite missions, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), the HIgh Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), and the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). We found a CFC-11 = CFC-12 lifetime ratio of 0.47 +/- 0.08 and a CFC-12 lifetime of 112(96-133) years for ACE-FTS, a ratio of 0.46 +/- 0.07 and a lifetime of 113(97-134) years for HIRDLS, and a ratio of 0.46 +/- 0.08 and a lifetime of 114(98-136) years for MIPAS. The error-weighted, combined CFC-11 = CFC-12 lifetime ratio is 0.46 +/- 0.04 and the CFC-12 lifetime estimate is 113(103-124) years. These results agree with the recent Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) reassessment, which recommends life-times of 52(43-67) years and 102(88-122) years, respectively. Having smaller uncertainties than the results from other recent studies, our estimates can help to better constrain CFC-11 and CFC-12 lifetime recommendations in future scientific studies and assessments. Furthermore, the satellite observations were used to validate first simulation results from a new coupled model system, which integrates a Lagrangian chemistry transport model into a climate model. For the coupled model we found a CFC-11 = CFC-12 lifetime ratio of 0.48 +/- 0.07 and a CFC-12 lifetime of 110(95-129) years, based on a 10-year perpetual run. Closely reproducing the satellite observations, the new model system will likely become a useful tool to assess the impact of advective transport, mixing, and photochemistry as well as climatological variability on the stratospheric lifetimes of long-lived tracers. C1 [Hoffmann, L.; Griessbach, S.; Meyer, C. I.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Supercomputing Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Hoppe, C. M.; Mueller, R.; Spang, R.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Dutton, G. S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Gille, J. C.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gille, J. C.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Limb Atmospher Sounding, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jones, A.; Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Volk, C. M.] Berg Univ Wuppertal, Fachbereich Phys, Wuppertal, Germany. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. RP Hoffmann, L (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich Supercomputing Ctr, D-52425 Julich, Germany. EM l.hoffmann@fz-juelich.de RI Muller, Rolf/A-6669-2013; Hoppe, Charlotte/J-8434-2014; Meyer, Catrin/B-7094-2013; Hoffmann, Lars/A-5173-2013; Spang, Reinhold/A-2738-2013; OI Muller, Rolf/0000-0002-5024-9977; Hoppe, Charlotte/0000-0002-9740-8744; Hoffmann, Lars/0000-0003-3773-4377; Spang, Reinhold/0000-0002-2483-5761; Griessbach, Sabine/0000-0003-3792-3573 FU Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences; Canadian Space Agency; NASA [NAS5-97046] FX Combined CFC-11 and CFC-12 surface data sets were provided by the NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division. Development of the ACE-FTS climatology was supported by grants from the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences and the Canadian Space Agency. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency. HIRDLS is a joint project between the UK and the USA. HIRDLS data are processed at the HIRDLS Science Investigator-led Processing System (SIPS) in Boulder, Colorado. John Gille was supported by NASA under contract NAS5-97046. Envisat MIPAS data were provided by the European Space Agency. We thank Patrick Jockel and Nicole Thomas for support in developing the EMAC/CLaMS model. We acknowledge Jens-Uwe Grooss, Paul Konopka, and Felix Ploeger for providing climatological and initial data for the model runs. We thank Joan Alexander, Patrick Jockel, and Steve Montzka for constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. NR 66 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 22 BP 12479 EP 12497 DI 10.5194/acp-14-12479-2014 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ9LR UT WOS:000348536700007 ER PT J AU Sotiropoulou, G Sedlar, J Tjernstrom, M Shupe, MD Brooks, IM Persson, POG AF Sotiropoulou, G. Sedlar, J. Tjernstrom, M. Shupe, M. D. Brooks, I. M. Persson, P. O. G. TI The thermodynamic structure of summer Arctic stratocumulus and the dynamic coupling to the surface SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE STRATOCUMULUS; SEA-ICE RETREAT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; VERTICAL MOTIONS; CLIMATE MODELS; ANNUAL CYCLE; HEAT-BUDGET; CLOUD OCEAN; RADIATION AB The vertical structure of Arctic low-level clouds and Arctic boundary layer is studied, using observations from ASCOS (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study), in the central Arctic, in late summer 2008. Two general types of cloud structures are examined: the "neutrally stratified" and "stably stratified" clouds. Neutrally stratified are mixed-phase clouds where radiative-cooling near cloud top produces turbulence that generates a cloud-driven mixed layer. When this layer mixes with the surface-generated turbulence, the cloud layer is coupled to the surface, whereas when such an interaction does not occur, it remains decoupled; the latter state is most frequently observed. The decoupled clouds are usually higher compared to the coupled; differences in thickness or cloud water properties between the two cases are however not found. The surface fluxes are also very similar for both states. The decoupled clouds exhibit a bimodal thermodynamic structure, depending on the depth of the sub-cloud mixed layer (SCML): clouds with shallower SCMLs are disconnected from the surface by weak inversions, whereas those that lay over a deeper SCML are associated with stronger inversions at the decoupling height. Neutrally stratified clouds generally precipitate; the evaporation/sublimation of precipitation often enhances the decoupling state. Finally, stably stratified clouds are usually lower, geometrically and optically thinner, non-precipitating liquid-water clouds, not containing enough liquid to drive efficient mixing through cloud-top cooling. C1 [Sotiropoulou, G.; Sedlar, J.; Tjernstrom, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sotiropoulou, G.; Sedlar, J.; Tjernstrom, M.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, M. D.; Persson, P. O. G.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brooks, I. M.] Univ Leeds, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Sotiropoulou, G (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM georgia@misu.su.se RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410; Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; DAMOCLES Integrated Research Project; EU; Swedish National Research Council; Bert Bolin Center for Climate Research; DAMOCLES; UK Natural Environment Research Council; NSF; Office of Naval Research FX The Arctic Summer Cloud-Ocean Study (ASCOS) was an IPY project under the AICI-IPY umbrella and an endorsed SOLAS project. ASCOS was made possible by funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the DAMOCLES Integrated Research Project, EU 6th Framework Program, while the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (SPRS) provided access to the icebreaker Oden and logistical support. Support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) for remote sensing instruments is gratefully acknowledged. MT & JS were funded by the Swedish National Research Council, the Bert Bolin Center for Climate Research and DAMOCLES. IMB was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council while MDS and POGP were funded by the NSF. GS was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Finally we are greatly indebted to the Oden's Captain Mattias Peterson and his crew for invaluable assistance with many things during ASCOS. NR 79 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 22 BP 12573 EP 12592 DI 10.5194/acp-14-12573-2014 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ9LR UT WOS:000348536700012 ER PT B AU Lucon, E AF Lucon, E. BE Hashmi, S TI Testing of Small-Sized Specimens SO COMPREHENSIVE MATERIALS PROCESSING, VOL 1: ASSESSING PROPERTIES OF CONVENTIONAL AND SPECIALIZED MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SMALL PUNCH TESTS; FUSION-REACTOR MATERIALS; PRESSURE-VESSEL STEEL; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SHEAR PUNCH; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MINIATURE SPECIMENS; FERRITIC STEELS; RECENT PROGRESS; POWER-PLANT C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lucon, E (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 130 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA BN 978-0-08-096533-8; 978-0-08-096532-1 PY 2014 BP 135 EP 163 DI 10.1016/B978-0-08-096532-1.00110-2 PG 29 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB8RO UT WOS:000347381600009 ER PT S AU Bai, Y Cao, CY Shao, X Wang, WH AF Bai, Yan Cao, Changyong Shao, Xi Wang, Wenhui BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI Suomi NPP VIIRS calibration knowledge base for SDR data quality assurance, anomaly investigation, and EDR applications SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is one of the key instruments onboard the Suomi NPP spacecraft. To ensure the data quality of the VIIRS for all users and products, and to support the calibration/validation of the VIIRS, a calibration knowledgebase has been developed as part of the cal/val tool for the postlaunch verification and validation of VIIRS SDR and its use for data quality assurance, anomaly investigation, and EDR applications. The components of the knowledge-base include 1) event log database which keeps record of all major changes and activities in both spacecraft flight, and ground processing system, including such events as lunar maneuvers, calibration updates and anomalies in the processing systems, and instrument performance anomalies such as scan sync loss; 2) VIIRS image gallery, which has a large sample of VIIRS images for areas of interest such as hurricanes, solar eclipse; 3) validation site time series which provides long term trending at more than 30 vicarious sites worldwide; 4) daily orbital track which is used for locating data granules based on the time, location, and orbit. In addition, all VIIRS related parameters and information are also provided. The Calibration Knowledge base has become an indispensable tool for VIIRS data users. C1 [Bai, Yan; Shao, Xi; Wang, Wenhui] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Bai, Y (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 92641M DI 10.1117/12.2069006 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500039 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Blonski, S Wang, WH Shao, X Choi, T Bai, Y Xiong, XX AF Cao, Changyong Blonski, Slawomir Wang, Wenhui Shao, Xi Choi, Tayoung Bai, Yan Xiong, Xiaoxiong BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI Overview of Suomi NPP VIIRS Performance in the last 2.5 years SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci ID BANDS AB Since the successful launch of the Suomi NPP on October 28, 2011, the VIIRS instrument has performed well in general. This paper provides an overview of the evolution of the VIIRS instrument performance, major events experienced in the nearly three years since launch, and the ground processing system changes to account for various effects and discrepancies. The mirror degradation in the near-infrared bands due to prelaunch mirror contamination has been gradually leveling off, although the degradation in the solar diffuser continues. In the ground processing, many changes have been implemented in the operational code. This includes the stray-light correction for the Day/Night band, the automatic calibration for the reflective solar band, and corrections for several errors in the code, and resolving various discrepancies in the calibration equations and coefficients. The scientific community is generally satisfied with the quality of the VIIRS SDR data. However, there are remaining issues to be resolved through further research and development. These issues include meeting the more stringent requirement and desire for ocean color applications, better understanding of the polarization effects especially off-nadir, understanding and resolving inconsistencies between solar and lunar calibration. The Suomi NPP VIIRS SDR has been used for generating a variety of products with great success by worldwide users. Together with the follow-on instruments J1 and J2, VIIRS will be the primary data source for moderate resolution satellite observations in the next decades. C1 [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Blonski, Slawomir; Bai, Yan] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Wang, Wenhui; Choi, Tayoung] ERT, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU JPSS program office FX The authors would like to thank the entire VIIRS SDR team for their dedicated support to the VIIRS postlaunch cal/val. This work is partially funded by the JPSS program office. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 926402 DI 10.1117/12.2068991 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500001 ER PT S AU Li, A Sampson, S Wolf, W Yu, T Garcia, R Martin, G Straka, W Fan, M Schiffer, E Goldberg, M AF Li, A. Sampson, S. Wolf, W. Yu, T. Garcia, R. Martin, G. Straka, W. Fan, M. Schiffer, E. Goldberg, M. BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI GOES-R AWG Product Processing System Framework: Research to Operations SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE GOES-R; ABI; Algorithms; Research to Operations; Himawari AHI AB GOES-R Algorithm Working Group's (AWG) Product Processing System Framework is currently being run both in operations and in near real-time to support algorithm verification and validation over extended seasonal datasets. The algorithms are being tested using a variety of data sets, including: MODIS, SEVIRI, GOES, VIIRS data, and ABI WRF simulated data. The Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI) data will also be used as ABI proxy data to test the GOES-R algorithms in the Framework. AWG Integration Team (AIT) has developed a suite of tools to monitor product quality, product processing, and system performance for the near real-time product generation. These capabilities have allowed the framework to be expanded for use in transitioning algorithms to operations. The GOES-R AWG Derived Atmospheric Motion Vector Winds algorithm has been successfully updated and transitioned to operations running on existing GOES and VIIRS data. Other GOES-R algorithms that are being upgraded for operational use on VIIRS include the Clouds, Aerosols, and Cryosphere products. In addition, legacy operational cloud systems will be integrated into the Framework. The design details of the AWG Framework, near real-time algorithm product generation system, monitoring tools, transitioning of the framework to operations, and future algorithm implementation plans shall be discussed. C1 [Li, A.; Sampson, S.; Yu, T.; Fan, M.] IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wolf, W.; Goldberg, M.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Garcia, R.; Martin, G.; Straka, W.; Schiffer, E.] CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Li, A (reprint author), IMSG, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 92641C DI 10.1117/12.2067349 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500032 ER PT S AU Shao, X Zhang, B Cao, CY AF Shao, Xi Zhang, Bin Cao, Changyong BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI Modeling Phase-Angle Dependence of Lunar Irradiance using Longterm Lunar Measurements by VIRS on TRMM SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE TRMM VIRS; lunar calibration; lunar irradiance model; waxing and waning lunar phase ID ON-ORBIT CALIBRATIONS; MOON AB Moon reflects sun light and its surface is radiometicly stable, making it an ideal target for calibrating satellite radiometers. Since lunar irradiance depends strongly on lunar phase and differs between waxing and waning phases, an accurate modeling of dependence of lunar irradiance on lunar phase angle is needed and requires long term consistent observations of the moon. Since its operation in 1998, the Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite makes regular observations of moon through space view for about 15 years with comprehensive coverage of lunar phases varying from waxing to waning. Two of these VIRS bands are reflected solar bands centered at 0.62 and 1.61um. Lunar measurements through space view of VIRS are not subject to atmospheric effects. Therefore, long term lunar observation by VIRS on TRMM is an invaluable dataset for both verifying and calibrating lunar irradiance models. In this study, analysis of long-term lunar observations using VIRS data are performed and phase-angle dependence of lunar irradiance is modeled. Effects of waxing and waning phases on lunar irradiance for two visible bands of VIRS are quantified. It is found that the lunar disk-integrated intensity of waxing lunar phase is higher than those of waning phase for phase angle >40 degrees for both channels and is consistent with the fact that the waning moon shows more of dark maria. The derived phase angle-dependences of lunar disk effective reflectance for these two channels are compared with model. C1 [Shao, Xi; Zhang, Bin] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Shao, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 92641E DI 10.1117/12.2068467 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500034 ER PT S AU Shao, X Choi, T Cao, CY Blonski, S Wang, WH Bai, Y AF Shao, Xi Choi, Taeyoung Cao, Changyong Blonski, Slawomir Wang, Wenhui Bai, Yan BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI Trending of Suomi-NPP VIIRS Radiometric Performance with Lunar Band Ratio SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE Lunar band ratio; radiometric trending; radiometric calibration; lunar calibration; VIIRS ID MOON AB Radiometric stability of the lunar surface and its smooth reflectance spectrum makes the moon an ideal target for calibrating satellite-based hyper/multi-band visible imagers, as demonstrated in several lunar calibration studies of satellite radiometers. Most of lunar calibrations rely on using lunar irradiance models to calibrate satellite radiometers, which require the lunar irradiance model to be highly accurate. In this paper, we use Lunar Band Ratio (LBR) to trend satellite radiometer performance so that the usage of lunar irradiance model is not required. The LBR method is applied to monitor long term radiometric performance of VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) onboard Suomi-NPP. VIIRS observes moon at nearly the same lunar phase angle through Earth view during scheduled spacecraft maneuver. Total lunar digital number are calculated for each VIIRS reflective solar bands (RSBs) from lunar observations and one of the most stable bands of VIIRS such as M4 band is chosen as the reference band for calculating the band ratio. LBRs are compared with the degradation factors derived from VIIRS operational radiometric calibration of RSBs using onboard solar diffuser. The LBR analysis reveals that M6 and M7 degrade the fastest and agree well with the trending independently determined from onboard solar diffuser. For stable bands such as M3-M4 of VIIRS, the variation range of band ratios of M2/M4 and M3/M4 are all within 0.6%, indicating the LBR can be used to reveal the sub percent band to band stability. For M11 band of VIIRS, there have been large uncertainties in verifying its radiometric performance using vicarious ground targets. LBR of M11 provides an independent and useful radiometric stability monitoring tool for verifying the relative stability of M11 band. The LBR analysis also shows that band-to-band variability in the spectrally similar band pairs such as I2 vs. M7 and I3 vs. M10 of VIIRS are consistent within 0.2%. It is demonstrated that long-term performance monitoring of VIIRS instrument using LBR is an important part of the VIIRS lunar calibration for solar bands and can effectively reveal the degradation of instruments. C1 [Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Blonski, Slawomir; Wang, Wenhui; Bai, Yan] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Shao, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 92640K DI 10.1117/12.2068474 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500013 ER PT S AU Shao, X Cao, CY Zhang, B Qiu, S Elvidge, C Von Hendy, M AF Shao, Xi Cao, Changyong Zhang, Bin Qiu, Shi Elvidge, Christopher Von Hendy, Michael BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI Radiometric calibration of DMSP-OLS Sensor using VIIRS Day/Night Band SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE DMSP-OLS; VIIRS-DNB; Dome C; lunar vicarious calibration; night time imaging; night light sensor calibration ID OPERATIONAL LINESCAN SYSTEM; NIGHTTIME; SATELLITE; IMAGERY; LIGHT; EARTH AB Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) has been collecting global night light imaging data for more than 40 years. With the launch of Suomi-NPP satellite in 2011, the Day/Night Band (DNB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) represents a major advancement in night time imaging capabilities because it surpasses DMSP-OLS in having broader radiometric measurement range, more accurate radiometric calibration, finer spatial resolution, and better geometric quality. DMSP-OLS sensor does not have on-board calibration and data is recorded as digital number (DN). Therefore, VIIRS-DNB provides opportunities to perform quantitative radiometric calibration of DMSP-OLS sensor. In this paper, vicarious radiometric calibration of DMSP-OLS at night under lunar illumination is performed. Events were selected when satellite flies above Dome C in Antarctic at night and the moon illuminates the site with lunar phase being more than quarter moon. Additional event selection criteria to limit solar and lunar zenith angle range have been applied to ensure no influence of stray light effects and adequate lunar illumination. The data from DMSP-OLS and VIIRS-DNB were analyzed to derive the characteristic radiance or DN for the region of interest. The scaling coefficient for converting DMSP-OLS DN values into radiance is determined to optimally merge the observation of DMSP-OLS into VIIRS-DNB radiance data as a function of lunar phases. Calibrating the nighttime light data collected by the DMSP-OLS sensors into radiance unit can enable applications of using both sensor data and advance the applications of night time imagery data. C1 [Shao, Xi; Zhang, Bin; Qiu, Shi] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Elvidge, Christopher; Von Hendy, Michael] NOAA Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observ Grp, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shao, X (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 92640A DI 10.1117/12.2068999 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500006 ER PT S AU Sun, JQ Madhavan, S Xiong, XX Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Madhavan, Sriharsha Xiong, Xiaoxiong Wang, Menghua BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI Electronic Crosstalk Correction for Terra Long Wave Infrared Photovoltaic Bands SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE Terra; MODIS; TEB; LWIR PV; Crosstalk; Moon; Striping; Long-term Drifts; Radiometric Improvements ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; MODIS; CALIBRATION AB The MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of the primary instruments in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS). The first MODIS instrument was launched in December 1999 on-board the Terra spacecraft. MODIS has 36 bands, among which 27-30 are Long Wave Infrared (LWIR) PhotoVoltaic (PV) bands covering a wavelength range from 6.72 mu m to 9.73 mu m. It has been found that there is severe contamination in Terra band 27 from other three bands due to crosstalk of signals among them. The crosstalk effect induces strong striping in the Earth View (EV) images and causes large long-term drift in the EV Brightness Temperature (BT) in the band. An algorithm using a linear approximation derived from on-orbit lunar observations has been developed to correct the crosstalk effect for band 27. It was demonstrated that the crosstalk correction can substantially reduce the striping in the EV images and significantly remove the long-term drift in the EV BT. In this paper, it is shown that other three LWIR PV bands are also contaminated by the crosstalk of signals among themselves. The effect induces strong striping artifacts and large long-term drifts in these bands as similarly observed in band 27. The crosstalk correction algorithm previously developed is applied to correct the crosstalk effect. It is demonstrated that the crosstalk correction successfully reduces the striping in the EV images and removes long-term drifts in the EV BT in bands 28-30 as was done similarly for band 27. The crosstalk correction algorithm can thus substantially improve both the image quality and radiometric accuracy of the LWIR PV bands Level 1B (L1B) products. The algorithm can be applied to other MODIS bands and/or other remote sensors that exhibit an electronic crosstalk effect. C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sun, Junqiang] Global Sci & Technol, Suite, MD 200 USA. [Madhavan, Sriharsha] Sci & Syst Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 10210 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong] Sci & Explorat Directorate, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 926412 DI 10.1117/12.2069028 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500027 ER PT S AU Sun, JQ Wang, MH AF Sun, Junqiang Wang, Menghua BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands On-Orbit Calibration and Performance: A Three-Year Update SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE SNPP; VIIRS; RSB; Radiometric Calibration; Solar Diffuser; Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor; Moon AB The on-orbit calibration of the reflective solar bands (RSBs) of VIIRS and the result from the analysis of the up-to-date 3 years of mission data are presented. The VIIRS solar diffuser (SD) and lunar calibration methodology are discussed, and the calibration coefficients, called F-factors, for the RSBs are given for the latest reincarnation. The coefficients derived from the two calibrations are compared and the uncertainties of the calibrations are discussed. Numerous improvements are made, with the major improvement to the calibration result come mainly from the improved bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) of the SD and the vignetting functions of both the SD screen and the sun-view screen. The very clean results, devoid of many previously known noises and artifacts, assures that VIIRS has performed well for the three years on orbit since launch, and in particular that the solar diffuser stability monitor (SDSM) is functioning essentially without flaws. The SD degradation, or H-factors, for most part shows the expected decline except for the surprising rise on day 830 lasting for 75 days signaling a new degradation phenomenon. Nevertheless the SDSM and the calibration methodology have successfully captured the SD degradation for RSB calibration. The overall improvement has the most significant and direct impact on the ocean color products which demands high accuracy from RSB observations. C1 [Sun, Junqiang; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Sun, JQ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR 92640L DI 10.1117/12.2068964 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500014 ER PT S AU Wang, WH Cao, CY AF Wang, Wenhui Cao, Changyong BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI Monitoring the VIIRS Ocean Color Band Calibration Using the Rayleigh Scattering Method SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE Suomi NPP; VIIRS; calibration accuracy monitoring; Rayleigh scattering method; ocean color bands; high gain stage ID IN-FLIGHT CALIBRATION AB Post-launch monitoring of radiometric accuracy and stability of VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) Solar Reflective Bands (RSB) at high gain stage (HGS) is essential for ocean color applications. This study investigates the absolute radiometric calibration accuracy of VIIRS bands M1-M5 at HGS using selected clear-sky dark ocean surfaces where top of atmosphere (TOA) signal is dominated by Rayleigh scattering. Vicarious gains were estimated using ratios between satellite observed and radiative transfer model simulated TOA reflectance. VIIRS TOA reflectance was simulated using 6SV (Second Simulation of a Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum - Vector, version 1.1). Input parameters required by the 6SV, including atmospheric profiles, wind speed and direction, aerosol optical thickness, and chlorophyll-a concentration, were obtained from the NASA Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis products, VIIRS aerosol optical thickness product, and previous studies. The Rayleigh scattering method developed in this study was applied to June to August 2014 VIIRS observations over six oceanic sites. Preliminary results indicated that the 3-month averaged vicarious gain for bands M1, M2, and M5 are close to 1. Relatively larger vicarious gains were observed in the other two bands, especially in band M4. The Rayleigh scattering calibration results generally agree with results from the VIIRS deep convective clouds time series analysis. C1 [Wang, Wenhui] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Cao, Changyong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, STAR NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, WH (reprint author), Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 92641D DI 10.1117/12.2068438 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500033 ER PT S AU Wang, WH Cao, CY AF Wang, Wenhui Cao, Changyong BE Xiong, X Shimoda, H TI Assessing the VIIRS RSB Calibration Stability Using Deep Convective Clouds SO EARTH OBSERVING MISSIONS AND SENSORS: DEVELOPMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Missions and Sensors - Development, Implementation, and Characterization III CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE Suomi NPP; VIIRS; calibration stability monitoring; deep convective clouds; reflective solar bands ID REFLECTIVE SOLAR BANDS; MODIS; AQUA AB This study investigates the VIIRS reflective solar bands (RSB) calibration stability using the Deep Convective Clouds (DCC) technique. DCC time series from March 2012 to August 2014 were developed for bands M1-M5 and M7. The mean and mode of the monthly probability distribution functions of DCC reflectance are used as two important indices in using DCC for calibration. The DCC mode time series, which are more stable than the mean time series, were chosen for calibration stability monitoring for individual bands. For bands M5 and M7, our results indicate that the operational radiometric calibration stabilities (1-sigma) are 0.3% and 0.4%, respectively, with variations (maximum - minimum) less than 1.3%. The stabilities of bands M1-M4 are 0.5% -0.7%, with variations of 2% -3.5%. Larger fluctuations in bands M1-M3 monthly DCC reflectance were observed since early 2014, consistent with F-factor trend changes during this period. The DCC mean band ratio time series were used for inter-channel relative calibration stability monitoring. M1/M4, M2/M4, M3/M4, and M5/M7 time series reveal distinct band ratio patterns in 2013 compared to those in 2012. The DCC time series were also compared with the VIIRS validation site time series and VIIRS-MODIS simultaneous nadir overpass time series. Comparison results further support that the DCC time series are capable to detect sub-percent calibration changes in the visible and near-infrared spectrum. C1 [Wang, Wenhui] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Cao, Changyong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, STAR NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, WH (reprint author), Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012 FU JPSS program office FX This work is funded by the JPSS program office. The authors thank Slawomir Blonski and Sirish Uprety at the STAR VIIRS SDR Support Team for providing VIIRS- MODIS SNO and SNO-x time series. The authors would also like to thank GSICS vis/ nir sub-group for kindly providing the Hu et. al (2004) Angular Distribution Model. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-331-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9264 AR UNSP 926410 DI 10.1117/12.2068434 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BC0QN UT WOS:000349361500026 ER PT S AU Lin, CC Krommenhoek, PJ Watson, SS Gu, XH AF Lin, Chiao-Chi Krommenhoek, Peter J. Watson, Stephanie S. Gu, Xiaohong BE Dhere, NG Wohlgemuth, JH JonesAlbertus, R TI Chemical Depth Profiling of Photovoltaic Backsheets after Accelerated Laboratory Weathering SO RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS, MODULES, COMPONENTS, AND SYSTEMS VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Reliability of Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, Components, and Systems VII as a part of the SPIE Solar Energy and Technology Meeting CY AUG 20-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE photovoltaic; backsheet; polymeric multilayer; Raman imaging; cross-section; accelerated weathering/aging ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ACETATE COPOLYMERS; PV MODULES; SPECTRA; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); DEGRADATION; SURFACE; ENCAPSULATION; SCATTERING; COATINGS AB Polymeric multilayer backsheets provide protection for the backside of photovoltaic (PV) module from the damage of moisture and ultraviolet (UV). Due to the nature of multilayer films, certain material property characterization of a backsheet could only be studied by examining its cross-section parallel to the thickness direction of the film. In this study, commercial PPE (polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/PET/ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)) backsheet films were aged on the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) SPHERE (Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure) with UV irradiance at 170 W/m(2) (300 nm to 400 nm) under accelerated weathering conditions of 85 degrees C and two relative humidity (R. H.) levels of 5% (low) and 60% (high). Cryo-microtomy was used to obtain crosssectional PPE samples with a flat surface parallel to the thickness direction, and chemical depth profiling of multilayers was conducted by Raman microscopic mapping. Atomic force microscopy with peak force tapping mode was used complementarily for cross-sectional imaging. The results revealed that the PPE backsheet films were comprised of five main layers, including pigmented-PET, core PET, inner EVA, pigmented-EVA and outer EVA, along with their interfacial regions and two adhesive layers. UV and moisture degradation on the outer pigmented PET layer was clearly observed; while the damage on the core PET layer was less significance, indicating that the outer pigmented PET layer effectively reduced the damage from UV. In high R. H. exposure, both adhesive layers were severely deteriorated. It was found that the EVA layers were susceptible to moisture at elevated temperature, especially for the pigmented-EVA. Based on the results of accelerated weathering, this depth profiling study brings new understanding to the mechanisms of failure observed in polymeric multilayer backsheets during field exposure. C1 [Lin, Chiao-Chi; Krommenhoek, Peter J.; Watson, Stephanie S.; Gu, Xiaohong] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, CC (reprint author), NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-206-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9179 DI 10.1117/12.2066400 PG 12 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA BC0QK UT WOS:000349342900020 ER PT J AU Thomson, SRD Perron, JK Kimball, MO Mehta, S Gasparini, FM AF Thomson, Stephen R. D. Perron, Justin K. Kimball, Mark O. Mehta, Sarabjit Gasparini, Francis M. TI Fabrication of Uniform Nanoscale Cavities via Silicon Direct Wafer Bonding SO JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS LA English DT Article DE Physics; Issue 83; silicon direct wafer bonding; nanoscale; bonded wafers; silicon wafer; confined liquids; lithographic techniques ID SUPERFLUID TRANSITION; SI-WAFERS; HE-4; SEPARATION AB Measurements of the heat capacity and superfluid fraction of confined He-4 have been performed near the lambda transition using lithographically patterned and bonded silicon wafers. Unlike confinements in porous materials often used for these types of experiments(3), bonded wafers provide predesigned uniform spaces for confinement. The geometry of each cell is well known, which removes a large source of ambiguity in the interpretation of data. Exceptionally flat, 5 cm diameter, 375 mu m thick Si wafers with about 1 mu m variation over the entire wafer can be obtained commercially (from Semiconductor Processing Company, for example). Thermal oxide is grown on the wafers to define the confinement dimension in the z-direction. A pattern is then etched in the oxide using lithographic techniques so as to create a desired enclosure upon bonding. A hole is drilled in one of the wafers (the top) to allow for the introduction of the liquid to be measured. The wafers are cleaned(2) in RCA solutions and then put in a microclean chamber where they are rinsed with deionized water(4). The wafers are bonded at RT and then annealed at similar to 1,100 degrees C. This forms a strong and permanent bond. This process can be used to make uniform enclosures for measuring thermal and hydrodynamic properties of confined liquids from the nanometer to the micrometer scale. C1 [Thomson, Stephen R. D.; Gasparini, Francis M.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Perron, Justin K.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Baltimore, MD USA. [Perron, Justin K.] NIST, Washington, DC USA. [Kimball, Mark O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryogen & Fluids Branch, Washington, DC USA. [Mehta, Sarabjit] HRL Labs, Malibu, CA USA. RP Gasparini, FM (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Dept Phys, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM fmg@buffalo.edu FU NSF [DMR-0605716, DMR-1101189]; Moti Lal Rustgi Professorship FX This work was funded by NSF grants DMR-0605716 and DMR-1101189. Also, the Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Center was used to grow and pattern the oxides. We thank them for their assistance. One of us FMG is grateful for the support of the Moti Lal Rustgi Professorship. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 6 PU JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1 ALEWIFE CENTER, STE 200, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02140 USA SN 1940-087X J9 JOVE-J VIS EXP JI J. Vis. Exp. PD JAN PY 2014 IS 83 AR e51179 DI 10.3791/51179 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AZ9DZ UT WOS:000348513500057 PM 24457563 ER PT S AU Meng, F Cao, CY Shao, X AF Meng, F. Cao, C. Y. Shao, X. BE Im, E Yang, S Zhang, P TI Analysis of satellite-based aerosol optical thickness over China in 2013 SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation V CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE VIIRS; aerosol optical thickness; particulate matter ID VARIABILITY; SURFACE; TRENDS; DEPTH AB The spatial and temporal variations in regional aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over China during 2013 were investigated in this study using Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aerosol intermediate product (IP) data obtained from the NOAA CLASS. It is found that high level AOT in China mainly occurs in the spring and summer. The study compared the aerosols in the economically developed eastern China to those in the western region; urban areas versus rural areas; inland versus coastal cities. Further investigation was also performed to validate VIIRS derived AOT data and aerosol type with in situ ground measurements. C1 [Meng, F.] Shandong Jianzhu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Shao, X.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD USA. [Cao, C. Y.; Shao, X.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD USA. RP Meng, F (reprint author), Shandong Jianzhu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Jinan, Peoples R China. EM xshcn@astro.umd.edu RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271413] FX This work is partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271413]. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-326-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9259 DI 10.1117/12.2068439 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BB9ZL UT WOS:000348833900014 ER PT S AU Pryor, KL AF Pryor, Kenneth L. BE Im, E Yang, S Zhang, P TI Downburst Prediction Applications of Meteorological Geostationary Satellites SO Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation V CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE severe convective storms; downbursts; microbursts; mesoscale forecasting ID MICROBURST ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES; DOWNDRAFT; SOUNDINGS; MESONET; STORM; ECHO AB A suite of products has been developed and evaluated to assess hazards presented by convective storm downbursts derived from the current generation of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) (13-15). The existing suite of GOES downburst prediction products employs the GOES sounder to calculate risk based on conceptual models of favorable environmental profiles for convective downburst generation. A diagnostic nowcasting product, the Microburst Windspeed Potential Index (MWPI), is designed to infer attributes of a favorable downburst environment: 1) the presence of large convective available potential energy (CAPE), and 2) the presence of a surface-based or elevated mixed layer with a steep temperature lapse rate and vertical relative humidity gradient. These conditions foster intense convective downdrafts upon the interaction of sub-saturated air in the elevated or sub-cloud mixed layer with the storm precipitation core. This paper provides an updated assessment of the MWPI algorithm, presents recent case studies demonstrating effective operational use of the MWPI product over the Atlantic coastal region, and presents validation results for the United States Great Plains and Mid-Atlantic coastal region. In addition, an application of the brightness temperature difference (BTD) between GOES imager water vapor (6.5 mu m) and thermal infrared (11 mu m) channels that identifies regions where downbursts are likely to develop, due to mid-tropospheric dry air entrainment, will be outlined. C1 NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Pryor, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Ken.Pryor@noaa.gov RI Pryor, Ken/F-5620-2010 OI Pryor, Ken/0000-0002-9766-2080 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-326-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9259 DI 10.1117/12.2069283 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BB9ZL UT WOS:000348833900007 ER PT S AU Wen, YX Hong, Y Kirstetter, P Cao, Q Gourley, JJ Zhang, J Xue, XW AF Wen, Yixin Hong, Yang Kirstetter, Pierre Cao, Qing Gourley, J. J. Zhang, Jian Xue, Xianwu BE Im, E Yang, S Zhang, P TI Systematical evaluation of VPR- Identification and Enhancement VPR-IE) approach for different precipitation types SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation V CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE); satellite remote sensing; vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR); weather radar ID VERTICAL PROFILES; MELTING-LAYER; UNITED-STATES; RADAR; REFLECTIVITY AB Over complex terrains, ground radars usually rely on scans at higher elevation angles to observe precipitating systems. The surface quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) might have considerable errors if veridical structure of precipitation is not considered because radar reflectivity varies with height due to evaporation at low levels as well as processes of melting, aggregation, and drop break-up. The vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) links the surface precipitation to the radar observation at higher levels, which is very useful for accurately estimating the surface rainfall. Researchers at the University of Oklahoma have demonstrated the integration of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar products (4-km precipitation quantity, types, and 250-meter vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR)) into the NEXRAD ground-based radar rainfall estimation system. In the latest progress in the VPRIdentification and Enhancement (VPR-IE) approach, we have optimally combined the climatological VPR information to the National Mosaic QPE (NMQ) system from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2011 over the Mountainous West Region of the U. S. Performance of latest VPR-IE is systematically evaluated by rain gauges measurements for different precipitation types. The results indicate improvements in precipitation detection and estimation following the incorporation of space-based radar information into ground radar networks. C1 [Wen, Yixin; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Wen, Yixin; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK USA. [Hong, Yang; Kirstetter, Pierre; Cao, Qing] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, HyDrometeorol & RemOte Sensing Lab, Norman, OK USA. [Gourley, J. J.; Zhang, Jian; Xue, Xianwu] NOAA Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Wen, YX (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM YangHong@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-326-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9259 AR UNSP 92590C DI 10.1117/12.2069334 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BB9ZL UT WOS:000348833900005 ER PT S AU Yi, BQ Yang, P Weng, FX Liu, QH AF Yi, Bingqi Yang, Ping Weng, Fuzhong Liu, Quanhua BE Im, E Yang, S Zhang, P TI Assessment and validation of the community radiative transfer model for ice cloud conditions SO REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE, CLOUDS, AND PRECIPITATION V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Clouds, and Precipitation V CY OCT 13-15, 2014 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP SPIE, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Minist Earth Sci DE Radiative transfer; CRTM; ice cloud; scattering properties ID SCATTERING AB The performance of the Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) under ice cloud conditions is evaluated and improved with the implementation of MODIS collection 6 ice cloud optical property model based on the use of severely roughened solid column aggregates and a modified Gamma particle size distribution. New ice cloud bulk scattering properties (namely, the extinction efficiency, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and scattering phase function) suitable for application to the CRTM are calculated by using the most up-to-date ice particle optical property library. CRTM-based simulations illustrate reasonable accuracy in comparison with the counterparts derived from a combination of the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer (DISORT) model and the Line-by-line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM). Furthermore, simulations of the top of the atmosphere brightness temperature with CRTM for the Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CrIS) are carried out to further evaluate the updated CRTM ice cloud optical property look-up table. C1 [Yi, Bingqi; Yang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite Meteorol & Climatol Div, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yi, BQ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM bingqi.yi@tamu.edu RI Yi, Bingqi/E-4076-2012; Yang, Ping/B-4590-2011 OI Yi, Bingqi/0000-0002-1437-8376; NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-326-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9259 AR UNSP 92591C DI 10.1117/12.2069341 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Optics GA BB9ZL UT WOS:000348833900024 ER PT S AU Hu, B Gharavi, H AF Hu, Bin Gharavi, Hamid GP IEEE TI Greedy Backpressure Routing for Smart Grid Sensor Networks SO 2014 IEEE 11TH CONSUMER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING CONFERENCE (CCNC) SE IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 11th Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC) CY JAN 10-13, 2014 CL Las Vegas, NV SP IEEE DE Smart Grid; wireless mesh networks; routing protocols; greedy buckpressure,;WLAN; IEEE 802.11s AB In this paper, a greedy backpressure routing protocol is proposed for multigate mesh networks. This protocol evaluates the greedy backpressure metric (GSM) value of mesh points and routes packets in the direction of the steepest gradient. The GBM value is calculated using a combination of traffic load and the mesh point's hop count to the closest gateway. The proposed routing algorithm can realize the effect of traffic load from all the nodes along the path to each gateway by iteratively updating information from neighbors through periodic beacon exchange. The consideration of incorporating traffic load helps to route packets around congested area. The results indicate that the greedy backpressure multigate mesh routing is capable of achieving significant improvement in the network reliability, latency, and throughput performance. C1 [Hu, Bin; Gharavi, Hamid] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bhu@nist.gov; gharavi@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2331-9852 BN 978-1-4799-2355-7 J9 CONSUM COMM NETWORK PY 2014 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BB8ZY UT WOS:000347902800010 ER PT J AU Fueglistaler, S Abalos, M Flannaghan, TJ Lin, P Randel, WJ AF Fueglistaler, S. Abalos, M. Flannaghan, T. J. Lin, P. Randel, W. J. TI Variability and trends in dynamical forcing of tropical lower stratospheric temperatures SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BREWER-DOBSON CIRCULATION; ERA-INTERIM REANALYSIS; ANNUAL CYCLE; WATER-VAPOR; TROPOPAUSE; OZONE; ASSIMILATION; EVOLUTION; SYSTEM; BUDGET AB The contribution of dynamical forcing to variations and trends in tropical lower stratospheric 70 hPa temperature for the period 1980-2011 is estimated based on ERA-Interim and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) reanalysis data. The dynamical forcing is estimated from the tropical mean residual upwelling calculated with the momentum balance equation, and with a simple proxy based on eddy heat fluxes averaged between 25 degrees and 75 degrees in both hemispheres. The thermodynamic energy equation with Newtonian cooling is used to relate the dynamical forcing to temperature. The deseasonalised, monthly mean time series of all four calculations are highly correlated (similar to 0.85) with temperature for the period 1995-2011 when variations in radiatively active tracers are small. All four calculations provide additional support to previously noted prominent aspects of the temperature evolution 1980-2011: an anomalously strong dynamical cooling (similar to 1 to 2 K) following the Pinatubo eruption that partially offsets the warming from enhanced aerosol, and a few years of enhanced dynamical cooling (similar to -0.4 K) after October 2000 that contributes to the prominent drop in water entering the stratosphere at that time. The time series of dynamically forced temperature calculated with the same method are more highly correlated and have more similar trends than those from the same reanalysis but with different methods. For 1980-2011 (without volcanic periods), the eddy heat flux calculations give a dynamical cooling of similar to -0.1 to similar to -0.25 K decade(-1) (magnitude sensitive to latitude belt considered and reanalysis), largely due to increasing high latitude eddy heat flux trends in September and December-January. The eddy heat flux trends also explain the seasonality of temperature trends very well, with maximum cooling in January-February. Trends derived from momentum balance calculations show near-zero annual mean dynamical cooling, with weaker seasonal trends especially in December-January. These contradictory results arising from uncertainties in data and methods are discussed and put in context to previous analyses. C1 [Fueglistaler, S.; Flannaghan, T. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Abalos, M.] Meteorol Dynam Lab, Paris, France. [Lin, P.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Randel, W. J.] NCAR UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fueglistaler, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM stf@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Lin, Pu/D-4393-2014; Abalos, Marta/J-8455-2016; Randel, William/K-3267-2016 OI Lin, Pu/0000-0003-2577-6094; Abalos, Marta/0000-0002-1267-5115; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Program; DOE [SC0006841] FX We thank three anonymous reviewers for their thorough and helpful reviews. We thank RSS for providing the TLS temperature data. MSU data are produced by remote sensing systems and sponsored by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program. Data are available at www.remss.com. We thank ECMWF for providing ERA-Interim reanalyses. MERRA data used in this study/project have been provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. NCEP Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA; retrieved from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. SF and TJF acknowledge support from DOE grant SC0006841. NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 24 BP 13439 EP 13453 DI 10.5194/acp-14-13439-2014 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AZ0TI UT WOS:000347957100001 ER PT J AU Carter, BR Toggweiler, JR Key, RM Sarmiento, JL AF Carter, B. R. Toggweiler, J. R. Key, R. M. Sarmiento, J. L. TI Processes determining the marine alkalinity and calcium carbonate saturation state distributions SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; RED-SEA; DISSOLUTION; SEDIMENTS; SALINITY; LITHIFICATION; OCEANOGRAPHY; DISSOCIATION; CONSTANTS; DISCHARGE AB We introduce a composite tracer for the marine system, Alk*, that has a global distribution primarily determined by CaCO3 precipitation and dissolution. Alk* is also affected by riverine alkalinity from dissolved terrestrial carbonate minerals. We estimate that the Arctic receives approximately twice the riverine alkalinity per unit area as the Atlantic, and 8 times that of the other oceans. Riverine inputs broadly elevate Alk* in the Arctic surface and particularly near river mouths. Strong net carbonate precipitation results in low Alk* in subtropical gyres, especially in the Indian and Atlantic oceans. Upwelling of dissolved CaCO3-rich deep water elevates North Pacific and Southern Ocean Alk*. We use the Alk* distribution to estimate the variability of the calcite saturation state resulting from CaCO3 cycling and other processes. We show that regional differences in surface calcite saturation state are due primarily to the effect of temperature differences on CO2 solubility and, to a lesser extent, differences in freshwater content and air-sea disequilibria. The variations in net calcium carbonate cycling revealed by Alk* play a comparatively minor role in determining the calcium carbonate saturation state. C1 [Carter, B. R.; Key, R. M.; Sarmiento, J. L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Carter, BR (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM brcarter@princeton.edu OI Carter, Brendan/0000-0003-2445-0711 FU US National Science Foundation [ANT-1040957]; CICS [NA08OAR432052] FX We thank Eun Young Kwon for contributions to early versions of this research. We also thank the US National Science Foundation for research support (ANT-1040957), as well as the numerous scientists and crew that contributed to the data sets used in this study. R. Key was supported by CICS grant NA08OAR432052. We also thank Judith Hauck and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive reviews. NR 55 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 7 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 24 BP 7349 EP 7362 DI 10.5194/bg-11-7349-2014 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AZ0UH UT WOS:000347959800012 ER PT J AU Godo, OR Reiss, C Siegel, V Watkins, JL AF Godo, O. R. Reiss, C. Siegel, V. Watkins, J. L. TI COMMERCIAL FISHING VESSEL AS RESEARCH VESSELS IN THE ANTARCTIC - REQUIREMENTS AND SOLUTIONS EXEMPLIFIED WITH A NEW VESSEL SO CCAMLR SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TARGET-STRENGTH; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; KRILL; BIOMASS; STOCK; SEA AB The climate-induced changes presently seen in the ecosystems of the Antarctic region require a precautionary approach with respect to the human use of these ecosystems. In particular, resource harvesting requires enough basic knowledge, as well as adequate monitoring, to avoid unintended impacts on the harvested stocks and the associated ecosystem. Due to the vastness and remoteness of the Antarctic region, research vessel capacity is not readily available for conventional coverage of harvested stocks and their ecosystems. This paper describes the potential of using commercial fishing vessels to bridge the gap in research vessel capacity. The various tasks and required instrumentation are presented and discussed. To illustrate this concept a description of a Norwegian krill fishing vessel now under construction is presented. This type of combined fishing and research vessel could make a large amount of important data available for both management, through CCAMLR, and the broader scientific community and thus improve the basis for resource evaluation and management. C1 [Godo, O. R.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Reiss, C.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Siegel, V.] Thunen Inst Seefischerei, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. [Watkins, J. L.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Godo, OR (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM olavrune@imr.no OI Godo, Olav Rune/0000-0001-8826-8068 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU C C A M L R TI PI NORTH HOBART PA PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA SN 1023-4063 J9 CCAMLR SCI JI CCAMLR Sci. PY 2014 VL 21 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AZ4TG UT WOS:000348215300002 ER PT S AU Grotenhuis, MG Wu, XQ Flynn, L Beach, E Niu, JG Yu, W AF Grotenhuis, Michael G. Wu, Xiangqian Flynn, Larry Beach, Eric Niu, Jianguo Yu, Wei BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Post-launch performance evaluation of the OMPS Nadir Mapper and Nadir Profiler SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIX CY AUG 18-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE OMPS; JPSS; Suomi-NPP; SDR; inter-comparison; vicarious calibration; end-to-end calibration; post-launch performance ID CALIBRATION; SUITE AB The Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) represents the latest generation of polar-orbiting satellites operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The first in the JPSS series of satellites, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) spacecraft was launched in November 2011 to bridge the gap between the current Polar Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) and the future JPSS-1. The Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) is a suite of hyperspectral instruments onboard the Suomi NPP spacecraft designed to continue atmospheric ozone records through both atmospheric profiles and global distribution mapping. OMPS will also be included on the future JPSS payloads. In order to properly extend measurements from previous ozone instruments, including the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SBUV) instrument on POES, proper OMPS calibration is necessary. In this study, the post-launch performance of the OMPS Nadir Mapper (NM) and Nadir Profiler (NP) are evaluated through their Sensor Data Records (SDRs), which validates their end-to-end calibration. This is achieved through stability monitoring and intercomparison. C1 [Grotenhuis, Michael G.] ERT Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Grotenhuis, MG (reprint author), ERT Inc, NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Michael.Grotenhuis@noaa.gov RI Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Grotenhuis, Michael/G-1195-2010 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Grotenhuis, Michael/0000-0002-6236-864X NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-245-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9218 AR 92181V DI 10.1117/12.2062204 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB9HP UT WOS:000348319500056 ER PT S AU Johnson, BC Maxwell, S Shirley, E Slack, K Graham, G AF Johnson, B. Carol Maxwell, Stephen Shirley, Eric Slack, Kim Graham, Gary BE Butler, JJ Xiong, X Gu, X TI Validation of Spectral Radiance Assignments to Integrating Sphere Radiance Standards for the Advanced Baseline Imager SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIX CY AUG 18-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Calibration; integrating sphere sources; spectral radiance scales; uncertainty estimates; validation ID CALIBRATION AB The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) is the next-generation imaging sensor for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) operational meteorological satellites in geostationary orbit. One pathway for traceability to reference standards of the visible and near-infrared radiometric response for ABI is to a 1.65 m diameter integrating sphere source standard of spectral radiance. This source illuminates the full entrance pupil via the ABI Earth-view port, thus determining the absolute spectral radiance responsivity in the visible and shortwave infrared. The spectral radiance values of the large sphere are assigned by Exelis using a double monochromator and a 15.24 cm diameter integrating sphere source standard that is calibrated by NIST. As part of the ABI program, Exelis was required by NASA to have the spectral radiance values assigned by Exelis to the large sphere be validated by NIST. Here we report the results of that activity, which took place in April, 2013. During the week of April 8, Exelis calibrated the 1.65 m diameter sphere at all 24 levels that correspond to the ABI calibration protocol. During the week of April 15, the NIST validation exercise for five selected levels took place. NIST deployed a portable spectral radiance source, a filter radiometer restricted to the visible and near-infrared, and two spectroradiometers that covered from 350 nm to 2500 nm. The NIST sphere source served as the validation standard. The comparison results, which are reported at the ABI bands, agreed to within the combined uncertainties. We describe the methodology, results, and uncertainty estimates related to this effort. C1 [Johnson, B. Carol; Maxwell, Stephen; Shirley, Eric] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Johnson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cjohnson@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-245-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9218 AR 92180Z DI 10.1117/12.2065509 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB9HP UT WOS:000348319500028 ER PT B AU Good, MJ Kocik, JF AF Good, Molly J. Kocik, John F. BE Taylor, WW Lynch, AJ Leonard, NJ TI The Intern-Mentor Experience: A Sample of the Real World SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES: PERSPECTIVES FOR EMERGING PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Good, Molly J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Ctr Syst Integrat & Sustainabil, E Lansing, MI 48823 USA. [Kocik, John F.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Kocik, JF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Maine Field Stn, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA. EM john.kocik@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-38-7 PY 2014 BP 31 EP 37 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BB8DW UT WOS:000346453500007 ER PT B AU Van Houtan, KS Schwaab, EC AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Schwaab, Eric C. BE Taylor, WW Lynch, AJ Leonard, NJ TI Today's Fisheries Challenges Require Creative, Interdisciplinary Problem Solving SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES: PERSPECTIVES FOR EMERGING PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Schwaab, Eric C.] Natl Aquarium, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1000, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-38-7 PY 2014 BP 153 EP 158 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BB8DW UT WOS:000346453500024 ER PT B AU Lederhouse, T Bigford, TE AF Lederhouse, Terra Bigford, Thomas E. BE Taylor, WW Lynch, AJ Leonard, NJ TI Considering Habitat in the Interdisciplinary Fisheries Management Profession SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES: PERSPECTIVES FOR EMERGING PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Lederhouse, Terra] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Bigford, Thomas E.] Amer Fisheries Soc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Lederhouse, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM terra.lederhouse@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-38-7 PY 2014 BP 357 EP 363 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BB8DW UT WOS:000346453500055 ER PT B AU Knott, T Stephens, DD AF Knott, Trey Stephens, David D. BE Taylor, WW Lynch, AJ Leonard, NJ TI Catfish in the Courtroom: How Forensic Science Catches Seafood Cheats SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES: PERSPECTIVES FOR EMERGING PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Knott, Trey] NOAA, Marine Forens Program, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Stephens, David D.] Michigan State Univ, Sch Criminal Justice Forens Wildlife & Environm O, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Stephens, DD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Sch Criminal Justice Forens Wildlife & Environm O, 655 Auditorium Rd,450 Baker Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM steph340@msu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-38-7 PY 2014 BP 451 EP 458 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BB8DW UT WOS:000346453500068 ER PT B AU MacMillan, JR MacMillan, EA AF MacMillan, John R. MacMillan, Eric A. BE Taylor, WW Lynch, AJ Leonard, NJ TI Aquaculture in the 21st Century: Opportunities for the Emerging Professional SO FUTURE OF FISHERIES: PERSPECTIVES FOR EMERGING PROFESSIONALS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [MacMillan, John R.] Clear Springs Foods Inc, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. [MacMillan, Eric A.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP MacMillan, JR (reprint author), Clear Springs Foods Inc, POB 712, Buhl, ID 83316 USA. EM randy.macmillan@clearsprings.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA BN 978-1-934874-38-7 PY 2014 BP 467 EP 472 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BB8DW UT WOS:000346453500070 ER PT J AU Weiler, M Shaw, JM Nembach, HT Silva, TJ AF Weiler, Mathias Shaw, Justin M. Nembach, Hans T. Silva, Thomas J. TI Detection of the DC Inverse Spin Hall Effect Due to Spin Pumping in a Novel Meander-Stripline Geometry SO IEEE MAGNETICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Microwave magnetics; inverse spin Hall effect; spin pumping; spin rectification ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; SPINTRONICS AB The dc voltage obtained from the inverse spin Hall effect (iSHE) due to spin pumping in ferromagnet/normal-metal (NM) bilayers can be unintentionally superimposed with magnetoresistive rectification of ac charge currents in the ferromagnetic layer. We introduce a meander-stripline device in which these spurious rectification voltages vanish while the iSHE voltage is maximized. In this device, a quantitative study of the dc iSHE is performed in a broad frequency range for Ni80Fe20/NM multilayers with NM = {Pt, Ta, Cu/Au, Cu/Pt}. The experimentally recorded voltages can be fully ascribed to the iSHE due to spin pumping. Furthermore, we measure a small iSHE voltage in single CoFe thin films. C1 [Weiler, Mathias; Shaw, Justin M.; Nembach, Hans T.; Silva, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Weiler, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mathias.weiler@nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013; Weiler, Mathias/H-4266-2016 OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642; FU German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) FX M. Weiler would like to acknowledge a stipend of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and thank E. Jue for valuable comments during the manuscript preparation. NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1949-307X J9 IEEE MAGN LETT JI IEEE Magn. Lett. PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3700104 DI 10.1109/LMAG.2014.2361791 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA AZ0DK UT WOS:000347916300014 ER PT J AU Walter, JF Hoenig, JM Christman, MC AF Walter, John F. Hoenig, John M. Christman, Mary C. TI Reducing Bias and Filling in Spatial Gaps in Fishery-Dependent Catch-per-Unit-Effort Data by Geostatistical Prediction, I. Methodology and Simulation SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID DESIGN; MODELS AB Geostatistical prediction can address two difficult issues in interpreting fishery-dependent catch per unit effort (CPUE): the lack of a sampling design and the need to fill spatial gaps. In this paper we demonstrate the spatial weighting properties of geostatistics for treating data collected without a sampling design or with a selection bias, two basic traits of fishery-dependent data. We then examine the bias and precision of geostatistical prediction of CPUE based on fishery-dependent data through simulation. We create data sets with known variograms, sample them with a preference for sites with high abundance, and then estimate variograms and CPUE as the geostatistical mean relative abundance. The variograms obtained from the simulated fishery samples correctly estimated the range but underestimated the sill, and the geostatistical mean substantially improved the estimation of CPUE over the arithmetic mean. Though the geostatistical mean still overestimated the true value, the error was primarily due to prediction into unsampled locations, where predictions revert toward the arithmetic mean. The geostatistical variance at a point, which is a function of spatial autocorrelation and the location of adjacent samples, provides a measure of uncertainty. This variance measures the degree to which predictions are derived from nearby data versus distant observations, which translates the spatial extent of extrapolation into probabilistic terms. In conjunction with conventional standardization methods that account for factors affecting catchability, geostatistical prediction provides an additional tool that reduces but does not eliminate biases inherent in fishery-dependent data and supports the need to predict CPUE in unsampled areas. C1 [Walter, John F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hoenig, John M.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Christman, Mary C.] MCC Stat Consulting LLC, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Walter, JF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.f.walter@noaa.gov FU NOAA-Sea Grant Service Joint Graduate Fellowship FX We thank Courtney Harris, William DuPaul, Roger Mann, Paul Rago, and Doug Vaughan for reviewing this manuscript. This research was conducted by J.F.W. while he held a NOAA-Sea Grant Service Joint Graduate Fellowship in population dynamics. This is VIMS contribution 3398. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1095 EP 1107 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.932865 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AZ7IB UT WOS:000348391600003 ER PT J AU Walter, JF Hoenig, JM Christman, MC AF Walter, John F. Hoenig, John M. Christman, Mary C. TI Reducing Bias and Filling in Spatial Gaps in Fishery-Dependent Catch-per-Unit-Effort Data by Geostatistical Prediction, II. Application to a Scallop Fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MONITORING-SYSTEM DATA; POPULATION AB Fishery-dependent catch per unit effort (CPUE) comprises critical input for many stock assessments. Construction of CPUE indices usually employs some method of data standardization. However, conventional methods based on linear models do not effectively deal with the fact that samples are collected with a selection bias or with the problem of filling spatial gaps. Geostatistical interpolation methods can ameliorate some of the biases caused by both of these problems while remaining complementary to traditional linear model-based CPUE standardization. In this paper we present geostatistical estimates of sea scallop Placopecten magellanicus CPUE from tows recorded by onboard observers during an opening of Georges Bank Closed Area II in 1999. By selecting tows for which there was little prior effort (on the basis of accumulated effort measured by vessel monitoring systems), we obtained tows that reflected initial abundance as closely as possible. These tows were used to obtain a variogram which was used in geostatistical prediction of sea scallop CPUE. The kriged mean was substantially lower than the arithmetic sample mean, indicating that a geostatistical approach reduced the influence of repeated sampling in locations of extremely high CPUE and increased the weight of isolated observations in areas of low CPUE. The results produced a map that was qualitatively similar to that obtained from a preseason fishery-independent survey. Overall differences between the two approaches were driven by the extension of predictions into areas at the edges of spatial autocorrelation where kriging predictions approached the grand mean of the data set. C1 [Walter, John F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hoenig, John M.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Christman, Mary C.] MCC Stat Consulting LLC, Gainesville, FL 32605 USA. RP Walter, JF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.f.walter@noaa.gov FU NOAA-Sea Grant Joint Graduate Fellowship FX We thank William DuPaul, Courtney Harris, Roger Mann, Paul Rago, and Doug Vaughan for reviewing this manuscript. This research was conducted by J.F.W. while he held a NOAA-Sea Grant Joint Graduate Fellowship in population dynamics. This is VIMS contribution 3399. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1108 EP 1118 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.932866 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AZ7IB UT WOS:000348391600004 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Zwolinski, JP AF Demer, David A. Zwolinski, Juan P. TI Optimizing Fishing Quotas to Meet Target Fishing Fractions of an Internationally Exploited Stock of Pacific Sardine SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; WEST-COAST; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; SAGAX; MIGRATION AB Two stocks of Pacific Sardine Sardinops sagax migrate seasonally and synchronously along the west coasts of Mexico, the USA, and Canada. Landings from the two stocks are currently combined in U.S. assessments of the northern stock, but the stocks may be differentiated by their associated seawater habitats, which are predominantly characterized by different ranges of sea surface temperature. We compared the combined and temperature-differentiated landings of the two stocks in each country for the period 1993-2011, demonstrating how different attributions of the landings affected the estimated annual fishing fraction (F) for the northern stock. Using combined or stock-differentiated landings and assessed biomasses, we found that the current harvest control rule (HCR) for Pacific Sardine has not consistently maintained a total F below the U.S. target value because the "distribution" parameter (used to account for the northern stock's proportion in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone [EEZ]), has not adequately accounted for northern stock landings in Mexico and Canada. We propose a refinement to the HCR, giving explicit consideration to the summed landings in Mexico and Canada, to more optimally set the annual U.S. quota. The performance of our method was compared with (1) the values of F that would have been achieved during the federal management period (2000-2011) if the U.S. quotas had always been met and (2) the generally lower actual values of F that were calculated using the default HCR formulation (1993-2011). We demonstrate that application of our method would permit more U.S. fishing for Pacific Sardine when the northern stock is large and predominantly located in the U.S. EEZ and would curtail U.S. fishing when a large proportion of the stock is present and fished in the Mexican EEZ, Canadian EEZ, or both. C1 [Demer, David A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Zwolinski, Juan P.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1119 EP 1130 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.951802 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AZ7IB UT WOS:000348391600005 ER PT J AU Bergmann, C Driggers, WB Hoffmayer, ER Campbell, MD Pellegrin, G AF Bergmann, Charles Driggers, William B., III Hoffmayer, Eric R. Campbell, Matthew D. Pellegrin, Gilmore TI Effects of Appendaged Circle Hook Use on Catch Rates and Deep Hooking of Black Sea Bass in a Recreational Fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORTH-CAROLINA; REEF FISHES; MORTALITY; SNAPPER; GROUPER; PERSPECTIVES; PERFORMANCE; INJURY; SIZE AB Previous studies have demonstrated that circle hooks modified with an appendage can reduce the occurrence of deep hooking in some fishes. To determine whether this modification affects total catch and deep-hooking rate of Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata in a recreational fishery off the coast of Florida, anglers were provided with standardized gear that included one appendaged and one nonappendaged hook. Both hook types were fished equally, and a greater number of Black Sea Bass were caught on appendaged hooks (n = D 301) than on nonappendaged hooks (n = 221). There was no significant difference in the mean TL (P = 0.80) of jaw-or deep-hooked fish during the study. Logistic regression was applied to the data using anatomical hooking location as the dependent variable and angler, hook position, and hook type as categorical factors. Hook type was the only significant variable in the final model (P = 0.03) in which fewer fish were deep hooked on appendaged hooks (0.96%) than on nonappendaged hooks (2.11%). Our findings indicate appendaged hooks are capable of reducing deep hooking of Black Sea Bass without reducing catch rates or altering size composition of the catch. C1 [Bergmann, Charles; Driggers, William B., III; Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Campbell, Matthew D.; Pellegrin, Gilmore] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov OI Campbell, Matthew/0000-0002-0087-5291 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1199 EP 1203 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.956160 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AZ7IB UT WOS:000348391600015 ER PT J AU Merz, JE Garrison, TM Bergman, PS Blankenship, S Garza, JC AF Merz, Joseph E. Garrison, Thomas M. Bergman, Paul S. Blankenship, Scott Garza, John Carlos TI Morphological Discrimination of Genetically Distinct Chinook Salmon Populations: an Example from California's Central Valley SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID STOCK IDENTIFICATION; SAMPLE-SIZE; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; MORPHOMETRIC VARIATION; DISTRIBUTION MODELS; BODY MORPHOLOGY; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; RIVER; ACCURACY AB We compared a length-at-date growth model to truss network (morphometric) models for classifying emigrating juvenile (age 0 through age 1) California Central Valley Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha to three genetically identified races at upstream (salmon generally younger and smaller) and downstream (salmon generally older and larger) monitoring stations. Morphometric models including capture date and head to standard length ratio performed better than the growth model at distinguishing genetically assigned fall-run and late fall-run juveniles; prediction accuracy increased from 54.6% to 63.8% for upstream salmon and from 17% to 73% for downstream salmon. The growth model may over inflate downstream estimates of federally listed Chinook Salmon by misidentifying fall and late-fall runs (nonlisted) as winter and spring runs (both listed) as much as 83% of the time. Morphometric models did not improve run assignment for the listed runs; the growth model outperformed morphometric models at downstream stations. Morphometric models including head shape and sample date had similar accuracy measures to models, including multiple fish measurement ratios, suggesting head shape is the strongest predictor of the juvenile Central Valley Chinook Salmon race. Our results indicate morphometric modeling can improve identification of nonlisted juvenile Central Valley Chinook Salmon from federally listed runs, potentially benefitting monitoring, water management, and protection of sensitive species. C1 [Merz, Joseph E.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Garrison, Thomas M.; Bergman, Paul S.; Blankenship, Scott] Cramer Fish Sci, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Garza, John Carlos] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Merz, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM jemerz@ucsc.edu NR 50 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 6 BP 1259 EP 1269 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.956161 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AZ7IB UT WOS:000348391600022 ER PT S AU Kassianov, E Barnard, J Flynn, C Riihimaki, L Michalsky, J Hodges, G AF Kassianov, Evgueni Barnard, James Flynn, Connor Riihimaki, Laura Michalsky, Joseph Hodges, Gary BE Comeron, A Kassianov, EI Schafer, K Picard, RH Stein, K Gonglewski, JD TI Retrieval of Areal-averaged Spectral Surface Albedo from Transmission Data Alone: Computationally Simple and Fast Approach SO REMOTE SENSING OF CLOUDS AND THE ATMOSPHERE XIX AND OPTICS IN ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION AND ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing of Clouds and the Atmosphere XIX and Optics in Atmospheric Propagation and Adaptive Systems XVII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE areal-averaged surface albedo; ground- and satellite-based remote sensing; atmospheric transmission ID CENTRAL FACILITY; MODIS; REFLECTANCE; CLOUD AB We introduce and evaluate a simple retrieval of areal-averaged surface albedo using ground-based measurements of atmospheric transmission alone at five wavelengths (415, 500, 615, 673 and 870nm), under fully overcast conditions. Our retrieval is based on a one-line semi-analytical equation and widely accepted assumptions regarding the weak spectral dependence of cloud optical properties, such as cloud optical depth and asymmetry parameter, in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. To illustrate the performance of our retrieval, we use as input measurements of spectral atmospheric transmission from the Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR). These MFRSR data are collected at two well-established continental sites in the United States supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The areal-averaged albedos obtained from the MFRSR are compared with collocated and coincident Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) white-sky albedo. In particular, these comparisons are made at four MFRSR wavelengths (500, 615, 673 and 870nm) and for four seasons (winter, spring, summer and fall) at the ARM site using multi-year (2008-2013) MFRSR and MODIS data. Good agreement, on average, for these wavelengths results in small values (<= 0.015) of the corresponding root mean square errors (RMSEs) for these two sites. The obtained RMSEs are comparable with those obtained previously for the shortwave albedos (MODIS-derived versus tower-measured) for these sites during growing seasons. We also demonstrate good agreement between tower-based daily-averaged surface albedos measured for "nearby" overcast and non-overcast days. Thus, our retrieval originally developed for overcast conditions likely can be extended for non-overcast days by interpolating between overcast retrievals. C1 [Kassianov, Evgueni; Barnard, James; Flynn, Connor; Riihimaki, Laura] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hodges, Gary] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kassianov, E (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM Evgueni.Kassianov@pnnl.gov FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER); US Department of Energy (DOE); Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) [DE-A06-76RLO] FX This work has been supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research (OBER) of the US Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated by Battelle for the DOE under contract DE-A06-76RLO 1830. The MODIS surface albedo data, with product designation MCD43B3 (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/modis_products_table/mcd43b3; 1- km resolution), are downloaded from the MODIS Reprojection Tool Web Interface (MRTWeb) site (https://mrtweb.cr.usgs.gov/). We greatly appreciate that these data have been made available to us. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-305-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9242 AR UNSP 924205 DI 10.1117/12.2070282 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB9HJ UT WOS:000348316100005 ER PT S AU Graf, MJ Disseler, SM Dhital, C Hogan, T Bojko, M Amato, A Luetkens, H Baines, C Margineda, D Giblin, SR Jura, M Wilson, SD AF Graf, M. J. Disseler, S. M. Dhital, C. Hogan, T. Bojko, M. Amato, A. Luetkens, H. Baines, C. Margineda, D. Giblin, S. R. Jura, M. Wilson, S. D. BE Salman, Z Amato, A Luetkens, H Morenzoni, E TI Magnetism and magnetic order in the pyrochlore iridates in the insulator-to-metal crossover region SO 13TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MUON SPIN ROTATION, RELAXATION AND RESONANCE SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (MuSR) CY JUN 01-06, 2014 CL Grindelwald, SWITZERLAND SP Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Univ Zurich, Univ Fribourg, Swiss Natl Fdn, Costruzioni Apparecchiature Elettroniche Nucleari S p A, X TRONIX AG, BlueFors Cryogen Oy Ltd, TECO Rene Koch, Teledyne LeCroy SA AB We present resistivity, magnetization, and zero field muon spin relaxation (mu SR) data for the pyrochlore iridate materials Nd2-xCaxIr2O7 (x = 0, 0.06, and 0.10) and Sm2Ir2O7. While Nd2Ir2O7 (Nd227) is weakly conducting, Sm2Ir2O7 (Sm227) has a slowly diverging resistivity at low temperature. Nd227 and 5m227 exhibit magnetic anomalies at T-M = 105K and 137K, respectively. However, zero-field mu SR measurements show that long-range magnetic order of the Ir4+ sublattice sets in at much lower temperatures (T-LRO similar to 8K for Nd227 and 70K for 5m227); both materials show heavily damped muon precession with a characteristic frequency near 9 MHz. The magnetic anomaly at T-M in Nd227 is not significantly affected by the introduction of hole carriers by Ca-substitution in the conducting Nd2-xCax2O7 samples, but the muon precession is fully suppressed for both. C1 [Graf, M. J.; Dhital, C.; Hogan, T.; Bojko, M.; Wilson, S. D.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Disseler, S. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Amato, A.; Luetkens, H.; Baines, C.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Muon Spin Spect, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Margineda, D.; Giblin, S. R.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, Wales. [Jura, M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Graf, MJ (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM grafm@bc.edu RI Amato, Alex/H-7674-2013; Luetkens, Hubertus/G-1831-2011; OI Amato, Alex/0000-0001-9963-7498; Disseler, Steven/0000-0002-5079-6145 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-1056625, DMR-1337576]; National Research Council; EPSCR FX SR measurements were performed at the Swiss Muon Source and the ISIS Muon Facility. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation grants DMR-1056625 (SDW) and DMR-1337576 (SDWand MJG), the National Research Council (SMD), and EPSCR (SRG). NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 6 U2 28 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 551 AR UNSP 012020 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/551/1/012020 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BB8XA UT WOS:000347715800020 ER PT J AU Wells, RS Smith, CR Sweeney, JC Townsend, FI Fauquier, DA Stone, R Langan, J Schwacke, LH Rowles, TK AF Wells, Randall S. Smith, Cynthia R. Sweeney, Jay C. Townsend, Forrest I. Fauquier, Deborah A. Stone, Rae Langan, Jennifer Schwacke, Lori H. Rowles, Teresa K. TI Fetal Survival of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE pregnancy detection; fetal survival; ultrasound; bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; reproductive success ID LIFE-HISTORY; PROGESTERONE; ULTRASOUND; PREGNANCY; DIAGNOSIS; OVULATION AB Reproductive success is an important aspect of dolphin population health as it is an indicator of the trajectory for the population into the future. Concerns about potential reproductive impacts of environmental contaminants have stimulated increased interest in measuring reproductive success in wild dolphin populations. One measure of reproductive success is the survival of fetuses to parturition. Pregnancy determination for wild dolphins, including differentiation of pregnancy stage, is possible during capture-release health assessments through application of diagnostic ultrasound to evaluate fetal development and viability, estimate gestational age, and measure anatomical structures. As a first step toward understanding reproductive success in utero, we combined pregnancy detections during health assessments with subsequent observational population monitoring to examine and evaluate pregnancy outcome for well-known, long-term resident common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Sarasota Bay, Florida. In total, 0.83 (95% CI = 0.52 to 0.99) of detected pregnancies were documented as resulting in live births. The use of ultrasound for systematic pregnancy determination provides a useful tool for measuring an important component of reproductive success. Application of this approach for conservation of wild populations benefits from the establishment of baseline values such as the estimates provided herein for the reference population of bottlenose dolphins residing in Sarasota Bay, Florida. C1 [Wells, Randall S.; Fauquier, Deborah A.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Smith, Cynthia R.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Sweeney, Jay C.; Stone, Rae] Dolphin Quest Inc, Middleburg, VA 20117 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Fort Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Fauquier, Deborah A.; Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal Hlth & Stranding Response Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Langan, Jennifer] Chicago Zool Soc, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, IL 60513 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Wells, RS (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota Dolphin Res Program, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM rwells@mote.org FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program [EA-133F-12-SE-2078] FX The efforts of a number of people made this project possible. In particular, we thank Brian Balmer, Howard Rhinehart, Blair Irvine, Michael Scott, and Veronica Cendejas for their varied, frequent, and repeated contributions. The staff, students, and volunteers of the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program provided opportunities for ultrasonographic examination through their safe and careful handling of the bottlenose dolphins during field health assessments. Support for collecting these data over the years was provided by Dolphin Quest, Inc., Earthwatch Institute, Morris Animal Foundation's Betty White Wildlife Rapid Response Fund, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, National Marine Fisheries Service, the Georgia Aquarium, the National Marine Mammal Foundation, and the Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment being conducted cooperatively among the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, other state and federal Trustees, and BP. Funding for data analyses was provided through the National Marine Fisheries Service, Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program, Contract No. EA-133F-12-SE-2078. Field research was performed under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit Nos. 655, 945, 522-1569, 522-1785, and 15543, as well as annual Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approvals through Mote Marine Laboratory. Leslie Hart, Suzanne Lane, and John Venturella reviewed an earlier draft and provided very helpful comments. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 252 EP 259 DI 10.1578/AM.40.3.2014.252 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AZ4LO UT WOS:000348192800004 ER PT J AU Hanson, MB Walker, WA AF Hanson, M. Bradley Walker, William A. TI Trans-Pacific Consumption of Cephalopods by North Pacific Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) SO AQUATIC MAMMALS LA English DT Article DE killer whale; Orcinus orca; diet; cephalopods; fish; marine mammals ID GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; ODONTOCETE CETACEANS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS; FEEDING-HABITS; MARINE MAMMALS; SOUTHERN SEA; ALASKA; POPULATIONS; SQUID AB Cephalopods are an important component of many cetacean diets. Although some odontocete species in the subfamily, which includes killer whales, primarily consume squid (e.g., pilot whales, beaked whales), killer whales, for the most part, are thought to specialize. In the North Pacific Ocean, three ecotypes have been identified based on dietary specialization. These ecotypes include residents, which have been documented to be piscivorous, feeding primarily on salmonids; offshores, which are also piscivorous but feed primarily on sharks and other fish species; and transients, which feed primarily on marine mammals. Based on the occurrence of cephalopods in the stomach contents of two confirmed transient ecotype killer whales from the west coast of the United States, and two others that are likely closely related to the transient ecotype from across the North Pacific Ocean, we suggest that cephalopods may represent an underappreciated component of the diet of transient killer whales or closely related ecotypes throughout the North Pacific Ocean. Only cephalopods that are known to occur at relatively deep depths were present in the stomach of a killer whale from Hawai'i. The stomach of a killer whale collected in the Sea of Okhotsk not only contained marine mammal and fish parts, but also squid known to only occur at deep depths. Of the two whales from the west coast of the United States that were genetically identified as transients, one contained only squid and the other contained squid and marine mammal parts. If squid were to comprise a substantial portion of the diet in these west coast United States transient killer whales, instead of primarily marine mammals as currently thought, this could account for a mismatch between expected and observed stable isotope values of transient killer whales previously sampled in the eastern North Pacific. C1 [Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Walker, William A.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hanson, MB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brad.hanson@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 15 PU EUROPEAN ASSOC AQUATIC MAMMALS PI MOLINE PA C/O DR JEANETTE THOMAS, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, WESTERN ILLIONIS UNIV-QUAD CITIES, 3561 60TH STREET, MOLINE, IL 61265 USA SN 0167-5427 J9 AQUAT MAMM JI Aquat. Mamm. PY 2014 VL 40 IS 3 BP 274 EP 284 DI 10.1578/AM.40.3.2014.274 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AZ4LO UT WOS:000348192800006 ER PT B AU Mohseni, A Azari, H AF Mohseni, Alaeddin Azari, Haleh BE Kim, YR TI Effective temperature for permanent deformation testing of asphalt mixtures SO ASPHALT PAVEMENTS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th ISAP International Conference on Asphalt Pavements CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Raleigh, NC SP ISAP, Carolina Asphalt Pavement Assoc, TROXLER, Korea Inst Construct Technol, InstroTek Inc, Natl Asphalt Pavement Assoc, Dongre Lab Serv Inc, Heritage Grp DE Effective temperature; asphalt mixture performance; permanent deformation; degree-days; rutting AB Effective temperature for rutting (T-eff) is defined in the literature as a single testing temperature for asphalt mixtures to simulate rutting in the field. This temperature is essential in reducing the testing and analysis of asphalt mixture performance. Current procedures are developed during SHRP A-407 and NCHRP 9-22 projects which calculate T-eff from Mean Annual Air Temperature (MAAT). The objective of this study is to review the existing T-eff approaches for testing asphalt mixtures and to explore the possibility of developing a more robust and simplified T-eff procedure. Comparison of the SHRP and NCHRP procedures with the calculated rutting determined that the test temperatures provided by these procedures were too low to cause rutting damage. Furthermore, the comparison of Degree-Days parameter, which correlated well with rutting, and MAAT revealed that MAAT is over-predicting T-eff in coastal areas due to mild winters while under-predicting it in desert areas due to colder nights. An enhanced T-eff approach was developed based on the incremental rutting damage concept that was used for the LTPP Bind high-temperature model. The proposed procedure is more accurate since it is calibrated to the field and experts' opinion, yet it is simpler and easier to use than the current approaches. C1 [Mohseni, Alaeddin] Pavement Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Azari, Haleh] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, AASHTO Mat Reference Lab AMRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohseni, A (reprint author), Pavement Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-315-73675-4; 978-1-138-02693-3 PY 2014 BP 1501 EP 1511 PG 11 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BB8SH UT WOS:000347408100141 ER PT J AU Morton, D Arnold, D Webley, P Wotawa, G Stunder, B AF Morton, Don Arnold, Delia Webley, Peter Wotawa, Gerhard Stunder, Barbara TI Unified model intercomparison for volcanic ash transport modelling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE particle dispersion model; volcanic ash model intercomparison; HYSPLIT; FLEXPART; PUFF; Mount Spurr ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; ERUPTION AB Our group is pursuing a volcanic ash transport model intercomparison study to evaluate the relative performance of several atmospheric transport models for selected case studies. These intercomparisons require the definition of standard output formats for producing results in a common framework. We define here the common format and develop a set of evaluation tools, allowing for side-by-side comparisons on a level playing field C1 [Morton, Don] Boreal Sci Comp LLC, Fairbanks, AK 99710 USA. [Morton, Don] Univ Alaska, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Arnold, Delia; Wotawa, Gerhard] Cent Inst Meteorol & Geodynam, Vienna, Austria. [Webley, Peter] Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Stunder, Barbara] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Air Resources Lab, College Pk, MD USA. RP Morton, D (reprint author), Boreal Sci Comp LLC, Fairbanks, AK 99710 USA. EM Don.morton@alaska.edu; Deliona.Arnold@gmail.com; pwebley@gi.alaska.edu; Gerhard.wotawa@zamg.ac.at; barbara.stunder@noaa.gov RI Webley, Peter/F-8238-2015; Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 OI Webley, Peter/0000-0001-5327-8151; NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0957-4352 EI 1741-5101 J9 INT J ENVIRON POLLUT JI Int. J. Environ. Pollut. PY 2014 VL 55 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1504/IJEP.2014.065926 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AY5YU UT WOS:000347645900024 ER PT S AU Pham, MS Rollett, AD Creuziger, A Iadicola, MA Foecke, T AF Pham, Minh-Son Rollett, Anthony D. Creuziger, Adam Iadicola, Mark A. Foecke, Timothy BE Larkiola, J TI Constitutive Modeling based on Evolutionary Multi-junctions of Dislocations SO MATERIAL FORMING ESAFORM 2014 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Conference of the European-Scientific-Association-on-Material-Forming (ESAFORM) CY MAY 07-09, 2014 CL Espoo, FINLAND SP European Sci Assoc Mat Forming, VTT DE crystal plasticity; constitutive law; dislocation interactions; latent hardening; aluminum ID CRYSTAL PLASTICITY AB A latent hardening model based on binary junction-induced hardening can effectively describe the anisotropy measured in multiaxial tests. However, this approach still has some descriptive and predictive limitations. Recent findings show that binary junctions generated by interactions of pairs of dislocations can only induce short-term hardening effect due to the unzipping process of binary junctions. By contrast, multi-junctions, which are formed via multiple interactions of dislocations, can exert a strong and enduring influence on the hardening of polycrystals. In this study, we extend the modeling of dislocation junctions from the binary to multi-junctions, and implement this evolution into a self-consistent visco-plastic model. An application of this model for predicting the yield surface and texture evolution of AA5754 during uniaxial and plane strain loadings is given as a demonstration of the capabilities of the evolutionary binary-multi junction approach. C1 [Pham, Minh-Son; Rollett, Anthony D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Eng, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Pham, Minh-Son; Creuziger, Adam; Iadicola, Mark A.; Foecke, Timothy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Mat Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pham, MS (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Eng, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM minhson@andrew.cmu.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 BN 978-3-03835-106-1 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2014 VL 611-612 BP 1771 EP 1776 DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.611-612.1771 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BB8TP UT WOS:000347481000217 ER PT S AU Kohoutek, JM Lin, PA Winterstein, J Lezec, H Sharma, R AF Kohoutek, John M. Pin Ann Lin Winterstein, Jonathan Lezec, Henri Sharma, Renu BE Verma, P Egner, A TI Gas-metallic nanoparticle surface interaction characterized with in-situ electron energy loss spectroscopy SO NANOIMAGING AND NANOSPECTROSCOPY II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoimaging and Nanospectroscopy II CY AUG 17-19, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE catalysis; EELS; nanoparticle; surface plasmon resonance; peak shift; gas detection; spectroscopy ID QUANTUM CASCADE LASER; GOLD; HYDROGEN; DISSOCIATION; NANOSHELLS; CATALYSIS AB We use an environmental scanning transmission electron microscope (ESTEM) equipped with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and a monochromated electron source to perform energy loss measurements on metallic nanoparticles (NPs) exposed to local gaseous environments at varying pressures. In particular, we characterize the effect of exposure to CO or H-2 on the surface plasmon resonance of a gold NP. By addressing various sites around the perimeter of a triangular NP (edge length similar to 20 nm) with the electron beam in STEM mode, the energy loss spectrum resulting from site-specific excitation of surface plasmon resonance is probed with a spatial resolution of similar to 1 nm and energy resolution of similar to 100 meV. Local gas adsorption is evidenced by peak shifts in the energy loss spectrum, which are found to be positive for CO and negative for H-2. Strong site selectivity is evident, with CO and H-2 adsorbing preferentially at the edge and corner sites, respectively. To characterize the sign and magnitude of the energy shifts, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations of electron-beam excitation of the NP are performed using a specialized model in which the local electron concentration is allowed to vary spatially over the particle volume. This is a result of both the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of the adsorbate and its degree of electronegativity. C1 [Kohoutek, John M.; Pin Ann Lin; Winterstein, Jonathan; Lezec, Henri; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20851 USA. RP Kohoutek, JM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20851 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-196-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9169 AR 91690Z DI 10.1117/12.2060553 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BB9CC UT WOS:000348129000015 ER PT J AU Mohseni, A Azari, H AF Mohseni, Alaeddin Azari, Haleh TI High-Temperature Characterization of Highly Modified Asphalt Binders and Mixtures SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB To characterize highly modified asphalt binders under high temperatures, this paper presents an alternative that uses the incremental repeated load permanent deformation (iRLPD) test in lieu of the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. The rationale for the iRLPD test includes a reduced loading time that better correlates with field-loading conditions, decreased variability of results, and an improved estimation of highly modified binder behavior. Moreover, an iRLPD high-temperature model for the highly modified binder is presented; this model is also correlated to the iRLPD traffic model to provide traffic estimates through the use of the iRLPD mixture parameter. Laboratory results indicate that as the level of binder modification increases, MSCR underestimates the strain response that can lead to overestimation of traffic levels. The study also illustrates the effect of the stress strain nonlinearity parameter, which increases as the level of binder modification increases. The difference in the permanent strain and recovery response from the two methods is exacerbated by the level of binder modification; however, for neat binders, the MSCR and iRLPD strain ratio approaches unity. The results demonstrate that the permanent strain of polymer modified binder is highly time dependent and thus the loading time for testing asphalt binders should be properly selected. The LTPPBind software seems to underestimate the traffic levels calculated from the iRLPD and MSCR models; nevertheless, the results of iRLPD and LTPPBind are in agreement, insinuating that the LTPPBind model underpredict. s the traffic level for neat binders, whereas the MSCR model overpredicts the traffic level for highly modified binders. C1 [Mohseni, Alaeddin] Pavement Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD 20817 USA. [Azari, Haleh] NIST, AASHTO Adv Pavement Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Azari, H (reprint author), NIST, AASHTO Adv Pavement Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM azari@aaprl.org NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2014 IS 2444 BP 38 EP 51 DI 10.3141/2444-05 PG 14 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA AZ4FH UT WOS:000348176800005 ER PT S AU Chao, IC Lin, SY Lee, KB Proctor, F Shen, CC Chang, FR AF Chao, I-Chun Lin, Shinn-Yan Lee, Kang B. Proctor, Fred Shen, Chien-Chung Chang, Fan-Ren GP IEEE TI Precise Latency Measurement of Unidirectional-Data-Flow Network Equipment SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) CY MAY 19-22, 2014 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, UFFC, Asia Pacific Metrol Programme, Minist Sci & Technol, NAR Labs, Instrument Technol Res Ctr, Sensors & Actuators Tech, Tsing Hua Univ DE IEEE 1588; Latency Measurement; One Way Delay; Packet-by-Packet Precise Measurement Method; Precision Time Protocol; PTP; PTP-based Measurement Method AB In regards to network performance measurements, many timing indices, such as latency, jitter, and one-way delay (OWD), are getting more attention because real-time applications and needs are pushing higher network capabilities. Data latency in a network can be measured by placing additional unidirectional-data-flow (UDF) devices, such as test access taps (TAPs), on the network path. However, this can create severe uncertainty to the timing measurement when sub-microsecond precision measurements need to be achieved. This paper proposes the Precision Time Protocol (PTP)-Based Measurement method for measuring latency of a UDF device based on traditional OWD measurements. In addition, we propose a Packet-by-Packet Precise Measurement method, which can further reduce the measurement uncertainty caused by the limit of precision in the PTP synchronization protocol in the PTP-Based Measurement method, by strictly calculating the latency for each packet. C1 [Chao, I-Chun; Chang, Fan-Ren] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Lin, Shinn-Yan] Chunghwa Telecom Co Ltd, Telecommun Labs, Taoyuan, Taiwan. [Lee, Kang B.; Proctor, Fred] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Shen, Chien-Chung] Univ Delaware, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Newark, DC USA. RP Chao, IC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM R96921048@ntu.edu.tw; sylin@cht.com.tw; kang.lee@nist.gov; fred.proctor@nist.gov; cshen@udel.edu; fanren@ntu.edu.tw NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-4916-8 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2014 BP 2 EP 4 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BB8BZ UT WOS:000346295600001 ER PT S AU Hinkley, N Beloy, K Phillips, N Schioppo, M Sherman, JA Oates, CW Ludlow, AD AF Hinkley, N. Beloy, K. Phillips, N. Schioppo, M. Sherman, J. A. Oates, C. W. Ludlow, A. D. GP IEEE TI Optical atomic clock measurements at the mHz level SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) CY MAY 19-22, 2014 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, UFFC, Asia Pacific Metrol Programme, Minist Sci & Technol, NAR Labs, Instrument Technol Res Ctr, Sensors & Actuators Tech, Tsing Hua Univ C1 [Hinkley, N.; Beloy, K.; Phillips, N.; Schioppo, M.; Sherman, J. A.; Oates, C. W.; Ludlow, A. D.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hinkley, N (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Nathan.Hinkley@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-4916-8 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2014 BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BB8BZ UT WOS:000346295600062 ER PT S AU Donley, EA Blanshan, E Esnault, FX Kitching, J AF Donley, E. A. Blanshan, E. Esnault, F. -X. Kitching, J. GP IEEE TI Frequency Biases in a Cold-Atom Coherent Population Trapping Clock SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) CY MAY 19-22, 2014 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, UFFC, Asia Pacific Metrol Programme, Minist Sci & Technol, NAR Labs, Instrument Technol Res Ctr, Sensors & Actuators Tech, Tsing Hua Univ C1 [Donley, E. A.; Blanshan, E.; Esnault, F. -X.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM elizabeth.donley@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-4916-8 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2014 BP 290 EP 290 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BB8BZ UT WOS:000346295600078 ER PT S AU Brewer, SM Chen, JS Leibrandt, DR Chou, CW Wineland, DJ Bergquist, JC Rosenband, T AF Brewer, S. M. Chen, J. S. Leibrandt, D. R. Chou, C. W. Wineland, D. J. Bergquist, J. C. Rosenband, T. GP IEEE TI A high-accuracy mobile Al+ optical clock SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) CY MAY 19-22, 2014 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, UFFC, Asia Pacific Metrol Programme, Minist Sci & Technol, NAR Labs, Instrument Technol Res Ctr, Sensors & Actuators Tech, Tsing Hua Univ C1 [Brewer, S. M.; Chen, J. S.; Leibrandt, D. R.; Chou, C. W.; Wineland, D. J.; Bergquist, J. C.; Rosenband, T.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Brewer, SM (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chin-wen.chou@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-4916-8 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2014 BP 560 EP 560 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BB8BZ UT WOS:000346295600155 ER PT S AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA AF Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. Howe, D. A. GP IEEE TI Correlation Measurements between PM and AM Noise in Oscillators SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) CY MAY 19-22, 2014 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, UFFC, Asia Pacific Metrol Programme, Minist Sci & Technol, NAR Labs, Instrument Technol Res Ctr, Sensors & Actuators Tech, Tsing Hua Univ DE AM noise; correlation; modulation; PM noise AB We discuss techniques for measuring the correlation between phase-modulated (PM) and amplitude-modulated (AM) noise in an oscillator and report results of such correlation in a few selected oscillators of similar size, weight, power consumption and vibration sensitivity. C1 [Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita.hati@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-4916-8 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2014 BP 575 EP 577 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BB8BZ UT WOS:000346295600160 ER PT S AU Nelson, CW Hati, A Howe, DA AF Nelson, C. W. Hati, A. Howe, D. A. GP IEEE TI Collapse of the Cross-spectral Function SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM (FCS) SE IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (FCS) CY MAY 19-22, 2014 CL Taipei, TAIWAN SP IEEE, UFFC, Asia Pacific Metrol Programme, Minist Sci & Technol, NAR Labs, Instrument Technol Res Ctr, Sensors & Actuators Tech, Tsing Hua Univ DE anti-correlation; cross-spectrum; collapse; phase inversion; power spectral density AB Cross-spectral analysis is a mathematical tool for extracting the power spectral density of a correlated signal from two time series in the presence of uncorrelated interfering signals. We demonstrate and explain a set of amplitude and phase conditions where the detection of the desired signal using cross-spectral analysis fails partially or entirely in the presence of a second uncorrelated signal [1-2]. Not understanding when and how this effect occurs can lead to dramatic under-reporting of the desired signal. C1 [Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nelson, CW (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM craig.nelson@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1075-6787 BN 978-1-4799-4916-8 J9 P IEEE INT FREQ CONT PY 2014 BP 583 EP 584 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BB8BZ UT WOS:000346295600162 ER PT J AU Obrzut, J Orloff, N Kirilov, O AF Obrzut, J. Orloff, N. Kirilov, O. GP IEEE TI Non-contact Conductance Measurement of Nanosize Objects using Reasonant Cavity SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 12-15, 2014 CL Montevideo, URUGUAY SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE non contact measurement; resonant cavity; microwave conductivity; carbon nanotubes ID PERTURBATION TECHNIQUE; RESONANT-CAVITY; PERMITTIVITY AB A cavity perturbation method is used to determine conductance of small volume nano-carbon materials. These are the building blocks of nanostructured materials and devices, and therefore their electrical characteristics are important in the materials development and production. Non-contact measurement is performed in WR-90 waveguide configuration in the X-band frequency band from 6 GHz to 12 GHz. The presented semi-empirical perturbation model correlates the experimental quality factor and the specimen volume with the specimen imaginary part of permittivity and conductance. The measurement is illustrated on conducting carbon nanotube films having volumes in the range of 10(-5) cm(3) and conductivity of 50 S/cm. C1 [Obrzut, J.; Orloff, N.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kirilov, O.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Obrzut, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jan.obrzut@nist.gov; nathan.orloff@nist.gov; oleg.kirillov@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscience and Technology FX This work was supported by a Research Grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscience and Technology. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6386-0 PY 2014 BP 816 EP 818 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BB8EN UT WOS:000346477200158 ER PT J AU Song, EY Lee, KB Proctor, F AF Song, Eugene Y. Lee, Kang B. Proctor, Fred GP IEEE TI Testing System for IEEE 1451.5-802.11 Standard-based Wireless Sensors SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (I2MTC) PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) CY MAY 12-15, 2014 CL Montevideo, URUGUAY SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE API; EUT; FENT; IEEE 1451.0; IEEE 1451.5-802.11; NCAP; Personality Module; Testing Framework; UCA; WTIM; Wireless Sensor; Wireshark AB The hierarchical architecture of factory equipment networks consists of the factory level, cell level, and device level. The equipment at different levels of the factory networks may employ different network communication protocols. The challenges that industry faces are how to easily and efficiently test all kinds of equipment with different network communication protocols at different network levels. The Factory Equipment Network Testing (FENT) framework provides a solution to solve the problem described. The FENT framework can be used to test different factory equipment including sensors, actuators, and controllers in a networked production environment. This paper introduces a testing system for Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1451.5-802.11 standard-based wireless sensors. The testing system based on the FENT framework consists of an Universal Client Application (UCA), UCA Application Programming Interface (API), IEEE 1451.5-802.11 Personality Module (PM), packet capture (Wireshark), and Equipment under Test (EUT) that is an IEEE 1451.5-802.11 wireless sensor. This testing system developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was used to remotely test the real-time performance of wireless sensors for the condition monitoring of machine tools. A test case of remote testing the IEEE 1451.5-802.11 wireless sensors is provided to verify and validate the functionality of the FENT framework. C1 [Song, Eugene Y.; Lee, Kang B.; Proctor, Fred] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, EY (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eugene.song@nist.gov; kang.lee@nist.gov; fred.proctor@nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4673-6386-0 PY 2014 BP 862 EP 867 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BB8EN UT WOS:000346477200167 ER PT J AU Funk, C Hoell, A Shukla, S Blade, I Liebmann, B Roberts, JB Robertson, FR Husak, G AF Funk, C. Hoell, A. Shukla, S. Blade, I. Liebmann, B. Roberts, J. B. Robertson, F. R. Husak, G. TI Predicting East African spring droughts using Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature indices SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GREATER HORN; RAINFALL; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; PREDICTABILITY; OSCILLATION; SIGNALS; SEASONS; MODELS; TRENDS AB In eastern East Africa (the southern Ethiopia, eastern Kenya and southern Somalia region), poor boreal spring (long wet season) rains in 1999, 2000, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2011 contributed to severe food insecurity and high levels of malnutrition. Predicting rainfall deficits in this region on seasonal and decadal time frames can help decision makers implement disaster risk reduction measures while guiding climate-smart adaptation and agricultural development. Building on recent research that links more frequent East African droughts to a stronger Walker circulation, resulting from warming in the Indo-Pacific warm pool and an increased east-to-west sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the western Pacific, we show that the two dominant modes of East African boreal spring rainfall variability are tied to SST fluctuations in the western central Pacific and central Indian Ocean, respectively. Variations in these two rainfall modes can thus be predicted using two SST indices - the western Pacific gradient (WPG) and central Indian Ocean index (CIO), with our statistical forecasts exhibiting reasonable cross-validated skill (r(cv) approximate to 0.6). In contrast, the current generation of coupled forecast models show no skill during the long rains. Our SST indices also appear to capture most of the major recent drought events such as 2000, 2009 and 2011. Predictions based on these simple indices can be used to support regional forecasting efforts and land surface data assimilations to help inform early warning and guide climate outlooks. C1 [Funk, C.] US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93441 USA. [Funk, C.; Hoell, A.; Shukla, S.; Husak, G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara Geog, Santa Barbara, CA USA. [Blade, I.] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Blade, I.] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Liebmann, B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Liebmann, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Roberts, J. B.; Robertson, F. R.] NASA, Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL USA. RP Funk, C (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Santa Barbara, CA 93441 USA. EM chris@geog.ucsb.edu FU USAID Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET); NASA SERVIR; NASA [NNH12ZDA001N]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310151] FX This research was supported by the USAID Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET), NASA SERVIR, the NASA NNH12ZDA001N IDS project Seasonal Prediction of Hydro-Climatic Extremes in the Greater Horn of Africa Under Evolving Climate Conditions and NOAA Technical Transitions grant NA11OAR4310151. We would like to thank Libby White for her thoughtful comments. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 12 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 12 BP 4965 EP 4978 DI 10.5194/hess-18-4965-2014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AY0UY UT WOS:000347313600004 ER PT J AU Arhonditsis, GB Stow, CA Rao, YR Perhar, G AF Arhonditsis, George B. Stow, Craig A. Rao, Yerubandi R. Perhar, Gurbir TI What has been accomplished twenty years after the Oreskes et al. (1994) critique? Current state and future perspectives of environmental modeling in the Great Lakes SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIBRATION; SYSTEMS C1 [Arhonditsis, George B.; Perhar, Gurbir] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Ecol Modeling Lab, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Rao, Yerubandi R.] Environm Canada, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. RP Arhonditsis, GB (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys & Environm Sci, Ecol Modeling Lab, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada. EM georgea@utsc.utoronto.ca RI Arhonditsis, George/C-6980-2009; OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Arhonditsis, George/0000-0001-5359-8737 NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 3 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.11.002 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FY UT WOS:000347274100001 ER PT J AU DuFour, MR Pritt, JJ Mayer, CM Stow, CA Qian, SS AF DuFour, Mark R. Pritt, Jeremy J. Mayer, Christine M. Stow, Craig A. Qian, Song S. TI Bayesian hierarchical modeling of larval walleye (Sander vitreus) abundance and mortality: Accounting for spatial and temporal variability on a large river SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Maumee River; Larval fish; Variance partitioning; State-space ID WESTERN LAKE-ERIE; STIZOSTEDION-VITREUM; FISH; TRENDS; SIZE; TRIBUTARIES; UNCERTAINTY; POPULATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; MANAGEMENT AB Larval fish are extremely variable in space and time while sampling of populations is generally restricted and incomplete. However, estimates of abundance and mortality are important for understanding population dynamics, habitat quality, and anthropogenic impacts. Acknowledging and addressing variability during sampling and data analysis are imperative to producing informative estimates. A combination of spatially and temporally distributed ichthyoplankton sampling and Bayesian hierarchical and state-space modeling was used to partition variance and estimate abundance and mortality of larval walleye (Sander vitreus) in the Maumee River during 2010 and 2011. System variability and degree of sampling coverage have a direct impact on the quality of abundance estimates. Small scale factors (i.e., within site and day-to-day) accounted for the most variation in larval walleye densities, therefore sampling should concentrate on capturing these sources. Bayesian state-space modeling can improve estimates by sharing information through time, properly accounting for uncertainty, and producing probability distribution based estimates. Larval fish are highly variable and difficult to sample; however, the application of Bayesian methods during the data analysis process can lead to improved estimates of abundance and informed management actions. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [DuFour, Mark R.; Pritt, Jeremy J.; Mayer, Christine M.; Qian, Song S.] Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, Oregon, OH 43618 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP DuFour, MR (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Lake Erie Ctr, Dept Environm Sci, 6200 Bayshore Rd, Oregon, OH 43618 USA. EM mark.dufour@rockets.utoledo.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA09OAR4170182]; GLERL-Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research Long-Term Great Lakes Fellowship FX The authors would like to thank Dr. E.F. Roseman, and J. Hageman for their guidance on larval fish ecology and identification. Additionally we would like to thank those involved in the collection and processing of larval fish samples including P. Bichier, M. Kuebbeler, R. Mapes, and B. Sander. We would also like to thank the First Energy Corp. for providing information on daily water intake rates from the Bay Shore power plant over the periods of study. This research was funded in part by support from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) grant number NA09OAR4170182. M.R. DuFour received support from the GLERL-Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystem Research Long-Term Great Lakes Fellowship. This is NOAA-Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL) contribution number 1730. This is contribution number 2014-16 of the University of Toledo's Lake Erie Center. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 3 BP 29 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.08.001 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FY UT WOS:000347274100004 ER PT J AU Stow, CA Cha, YK Qian, SS AF Stow, Craig A. Cha, Yoon Kyung Qian, Song S. TI A Bayesian hierarchical model to guide development and evaluation of substance objectives under the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Numerical criteria; Nutrient criteria; Phosphorus; Hierarchical model; Bayesian; Saginaw Bay ID SAGINAW BAY; MANAGEMENT; ASSESSMENTS; VIOLATIONS; CONFIDENCE; STANDARDS; CRITERIA; ONTARIO; CANADA; HURON AB Under the 2012 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement Canada and the United States are obliged to develop target concentrations for water quality constituents of particular concern. These "substance objectives" are closely analogous to numerical criteria under the US Clean Water Act. To develop effective substance objectives, it is important to consider how compliance with these objectives will be evaluated. Total phosphorus concentrations, for example, vary temporally and spatially, thus sample-based statistics will always be uncertain measures of the "true" underlying population characteristic. Using data from Saginaw Bay in Lake Huron, we develop a Bayesian hierarchical model that can be used to evaluate compliance with target concentrations on a temporally and spatially explicit basis. The "confidence of compliance" with targets can be assessed from the variance of the model parameter posterior distributions. This approach allows data to be grouped to represent spatial and temporal domains of particular interest, such as spring mean conditions in a certain area, and facilitates "partial pooling" of information so that regions with sparse data and high uncertainty can "borrow information" from more data-rich areas. (C) 2014 International Association for Great Lakes Research. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Cha, Yoon Kyung] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Qian, Song S.] Univ Toledo, Dept Environm Sci, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. RP Cha, YK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM ykcha@umich.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research FX This research was sponsored by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research. Lauren Fry produced the Saginaw Bay map. GLERL contribution number 1711. NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PY 2014 VL 40 SU 3 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jglr.2014.07.005 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AY0FY UT WOS:000347274100006 ER PT J AU Farnam, Y Bentz, D Hampton, A Weiss, WJ AF Farnam, Yaghoob Bentz, Dale Hampton, Allison Weiss, W. Jason TI Acoustic Emission and Low-Temperature Calorimetry Study of Freeze and Thaw Behavior in Cementitious Materials Exposed to Sodium Chloride Salt SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID CONCRETE; WATER; DAMAGE; PASTE AB This paper describes a series of experiments that were performed to assess the freeze-thaw behavior of mortar specimens exposed to sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. A low-temperature longitudinal guarded comparative calorimeter was used to perform cyclic freeze-thaw testing on mortar specimens saturated with NaCl solutions. Heat flow and acoustic emission activity were monitored during the freeze-thaw experiment to detect ice formation and cracking. Although the conventional water-NaCl phase diagram would suggest that no freezing or damage would occur in specimens saturated with 15% and 23.3% NaCl solution by mass within the applied freeze-thaw temperature range, damage was observed. For these specimens, an additional heat flow peak attributed to an unexpected phase change, accompanied by acoustic activity, was detected at a temperature higher than the expected freezing point. For better understanding of the source of this damage, a low-temperature differential scanning calorimeter was used to investigate the influence of NaCl on freeze-thaw behavior of water, two pore solutions, hydrated cement powder, and calcium hydroxide powder. The results showed that the pore solution alters the freeze-thaw behavior slightly; however, it does not exhibit the unexpected phase change at higher concentrations. The specimens made with hydrated cement powder showed the unexpected phase change in high concentrations of NaCl solution in a temperature range between 0 degrees C and 8 degrees C. Although the exact nature of this phase change is not definitively known, it appears to result in premature damage during freeze-thaw when high-concentration salt solutions are used, even if freezing of the solution is not occurring. C1 [Farnam, Yaghoob; Hampton, Allison; Weiss, W. Jason] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Bentz, Dale] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weiss, WJ (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, 550 Stadium Mall Dr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM wjweiss@purdue.edu FU Joint Transportation Research Program FX This work was supported in part by the Joint Transportation Research Program administered by the Indiana Department of Transportation and Purdue University. This research was conducted in the Pankow Laboratory at Purdue University and the Accelerated Pavement Testing facility at the Indiana Department of Transportation, and the authors acknowledge the support that has made operation of these facilities possible. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 EI 2169-4052 J9 TRANSPORT RES REC JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2014 IS 2441 BP 81 EP 90 DI 10.3141/2441-11 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA AX8AK UT WOS:000347132600012 ER PT J AU Meier, WN Peng, G Scott, DJ Savoie, MH AF Meier, Walter N. Peng, Ge Scott, Donna J. Savoie, Matt H. TI Verification of a new NOAA/NSIDC passive microwave sea-ice concentration climate record SO POLAR RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea ice; Arctic and Antarctic oceans; climate data record; evaluation; passive microwave remote sensing ID SPECIAL SENSOR MICROWAVE/IMAGER; ALGORITHM; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; CHARTS AB A new satellite-based passive microwave sea-ice concentration product developed for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Data Record (CDR) programme is evaluated via comparison with other passive microwave-derived estimates. The new product leverages two well-established concentration algorithms, known as the NASA Team and Bootstrap, both developed at and produced by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The sea-ice estimates compare well with similar GSFC products while also fulfilling all NOAA CDR initial operation capability (IOC) requirements, including (1) self-describing file format, (2) ISO 19115-2 compliant collection-level metadata, (3) Climate and Forecast (CF) compliant file-level metadata, (4) grid-cell level metadata (data quality fields), (5) fully automated and reproducible processing and (6) open online access to full documentation with version control, including source code and an algorithm theoretical basic document. The primary limitations of the GSFC products are lack of metadata and use of untracked manual corrections to the output fields. Smaller differences occur from minor variations in processing methods by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (for the CDR fields) and NASA (for the GSFC fields). The CDR concentrations do have some differences from the constituent GSFC concentrations, but trends and variability are not substantially different. C1 [Meier, Walter N.] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Peng, Ge] N Carolina State Univ, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Peng, Ge] NOAA, Remote Sensing & Applicat Div, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Scott, Donna J.; Savoie, Matt H.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Meier, WN (reprint author), NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM walt.meier@nasa.gov OI Meier, Walter/0000-0003-2857-0550; Peng, Ge /0000-0002-1986-9115 FU NOAA's NCDC CDR; NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006]; [NA07OAR4310056] FX This work was funded by NOAA's NCDC CDR programme. WNM, DJS and MHS were supported by the grant NA07OAR4310056. GP is supported by NOAA through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. GP thanks J. Privette for beneficial suggestions and discussions on confusion matrix and K. Knapp, C. Schreck and J. Matthews for comments on the layout of the confusion matrix diagram. WNM thanks S. Mallory for initial development work on the CDR processing software. The daily and monthly NOAA/NSIDC passive microwave sea-ice concentration CDR data files, including both CDR and GSFC fields, can be downloaded from http://nsidc.org/data/g02202.html or http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdr/operationalcdrs.html. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0800-0395 EI 1751-8369 J9 POLAR RES JI Polar Res. PY 2014 VL 33 AR 21004 DI 10.3402/polar.v33.21004 PG 22 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Oceanography GA AX3KZ UT WOS:000346839500001 ER PT J AU Sterr, U Legero, T Mattei, D Kessler, T Hagemann, C Riehle, F Ye, J Martin, M Zhang, W AF Sterr, Uwe Legero, Thomas Mattei, Dan Kessler, Th. Hagemann, Ch. Riehle, Fritz Ye, Jun Martin, Michael Zhang, Wei GP IEEE TI Thermal Noise in Optical Reference Resonators (Invited Paper) SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON METROLOGY FOR AEROSPACE (METROAEROSPACE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Aerospace (MetroAeroSpace) CY MAY 29-30, 2014 CL Benevento, ITALY SP IEEE, IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc, AESS ID CAVITIES AB Thermal noise fundamentally limits the frequency stability of optical resonators used in optical clocks or to generate ultrapure microwaves by optical frequency division. We will give an overview of the relevant noise mechanisms, their calculation and discuss different current developments to reduce the noise. In one approach a cryogenic silicon resonator with very low thermal noise operated at a temperature of 124 K, the point of zero thermal expansion, will be presented. With a laser stabilized to this resonator a fractional laser frequency instability of 10(-16) for averaging times around one second has been reached. C1 [Sterr, Uwe; Legero, Thomas; Mattei, Dan; Kessler, Th.; Hagemann, Ch.; Riehle, Fritz] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Ye, Jun; Martin, Michael; Zhang, Wei] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Sterr, U (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM uwe.sterr@ptb.de OI zhang, wei/0000-0003-2065-2535 FU Centre for Quantum Engineering and SpaceTime Research ( QUEST); Physikalisch- Technische Bundesanstalt ( PTB); JILA Physics Frontier Center ( NSF); National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) FX The silicon cavity work was supported and developed jointly by the Centre for Quantum Engineering and SpaceTime Research ( QUEST), the Physikalisch- Technische Bundesanstalt ( PTB), the JILA Physics Frontier Center ( NSF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST). The authors would like to thank R. Lalezari of ATF for the coating of the silicon mirrors and Y. Lin of JILA for the initial finesse measurements. The authors also thank M. Notcutt and R. Fox for technical assistance with the construction of the second reference cavity. U. Kuetgens and D. Schulze are thanked for X- ray orientation of the spacer and mirrors, and G. Grosche for technical assistance with fibre noise cancellation. J. Ye thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2069-3 PY 2014 BP 521 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB7YL UT WOS:000346122600094 ER PT S AU Lake, JL Yeary, M Curtis, CD AF Lake, J. L. Yeary, M. Curtis, C. D. GP IEEE TI Adaptive Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation Techniques at the National Weather Radar Testbed: First Results SO 2014 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Radar Conference - From Sensing to Information CY MAY 19-23, 2014 CL Cincinnati, OH SP IEEE, AESS, IEEE Signal Proc Soc, IEEE Geoscience & Remote Sensing Soc, IEEE Antennas & Propagat Soc, Antenna Measurement & Tech Assoc, Inst Navigat AB As demand for microwave bandwidth increases, meteorological radars must balance the benefits of utilizing a large spectrum with the significant cost of reserving such a large bandwidth. With increased crowding of the frequency spectrum, interference from other transmitters will become more prevalent, affecting the integrity of meteorological data. This problem has already arisen at the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar. This paper introduces a new algorithm known as ISDA. The ISDA is intended to mitigate the effects of this interference, and early results from application of this algorithm to theoretical and real radar data afflicted with this interference are presented. C1 [Lake, J. L.; Yeary, M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Curtis, C. D.] Univ Oklahoma, Nat Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, NOAA OAR, Norman, OK USA. RP Lake, JL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM john.lake@ou.edu; yeary@ou.edu; chris.curtis@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative [NA1 10AR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA1 10AR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4799-2035-8 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2014 BP 840 EP 845 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB8EZ UT WOS:000346494600164 ER PT J AU Singh, S Fiddler, MN Smith, D Bililign, S AF Singh, Sujeeta Fiddler, Marc N. Smith, Damon Bililign, Solomon TI Error Analysis and Uncertainty in the Determination of Aerosol Optical Properties Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, Integrating Nephelometry, and the Extinction-Minus-Scattering Method SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONDENSATION PARTICLE COUNTER; COMPLEX REFRACTIVE-INDEX; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; AMBIENT MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; PERFORMANCE; RETRIEVAL; SPECTROMETER; EFFICIENCIES AB Despite the substantial improvements in the measurements of aerosol physical and chemical properties and in the direct and indirect radiative effects of aerosols, there is still a need for studying the properties of aerosols under controlled laboratory conditions to develop a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of aerosol formation, chemistry, and dynamics. In this work, we present the factors that affect measurement accuracy and the resulting uncertainties of the extinction-minus-scattering method using a combination of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and integrating nephelometry at a wider range of optical wavelengths than previously attempted. Purely scattering polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with diameters from 107-303 nm and absorbing polystyrene spheres (APSL) with 390 nm diameter were used to determine the consistency and agreement, within experimental uncertainties, of CRDS and nephelometer values with theoretical calculations derived from Mie theory for non-absorbing spheres. Overall uncertainties for extinction cross-section were largely 10%-11% and dominated by condensation particle counter (CPC) measurement error. Two methods for determining sigma(ext) error are described, and they were found to produce equivalent results. Systematic uncertainties due to particle losses, RD cell geometry (R-L), CPC counting efficiency, ring-down regression fitting, blank drift, optical tweezing, and recapturing of forward scattered light are also investigated. The random error observed in this work for absorbing spheres is comparable to previous reported measurements. For both absorbing and non-absorbing spheres, a statistical framework is developed for including the contributions to random error due to CPC measurement uncertainty, R-L, statistical fluctuations in particle counts, fluctuations in the blank, and mass flow controller flow error. C1 [Singh, Sujeeta] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Energy & Environm Syst Dept, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Fiddler, Marc N.; Bililign, Solomon] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, Dept Phys, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Smith, Damon; Bililign, Solomon] N Carolina Agr & Tech State Univ, NOAA ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. RP Bililign, S (reprint author), North Caroline A&T State Univ, Dept Phys, 1601 E Market St,Marteena Hall, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM bililignsol@gmail.com FU Department of Defense [W911NF-11-1-0188] FX This work is supported by the Department of Defense under grant #W911NF-11-1-0188. NR 57 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 48 IS 12 BP 1345 EP 1359 DI 10.1080/02786826.2014.984062 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW6OH UT WOS:000346388200016 ER PT J AU Nalepa, TF AF Nalepa, Thomas F. TI Relative comparison and perspective on invasive species in the Laurentian and Swedish Great Lakes SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE non-native species; ballast-water introductions; large lake systems; socio-economic impacts ID CHINESE MITTEN CRAB; H. MILNE EDWARDS; ERIOCHEIR-SINENSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; WATER-QUALITY; SWEDEN; MICHIGAN; VATTERN; VANERN; PHOSPHORUS AB The Laurentian Great Lakes and the Swedish Great Lakes both have a long history of being invaded by non-native species, although the total number reported in the former system far exceeds that in the latter. Until about the 1980s, non-native species that had the greatest ecosystem and/or socioeconomic impacts in both systems were controlled, or their negative impacts ameliorated by management actions; most prominent of these species were the Sea Lamprey and Alewife in the Laurentian Great Lakes, and Crayfish plague in the Swedish Great Lakes. In the 1980s, a number of species native to the Ponto-Caspian region were introduced into the Laurentian Great Lakes via the ballast water of transoceanic ships, and these species had significant ecosystem impacts, could not be controlled by management actions, and changed the way these lake resources were managed. Similar introductions have not occurred in the Swedish Great Lakes, but many of the same species that have impacted the Laurentian Great Lakes are spreading in European systems and in the Baltic Sea, and thus could pose an invasion risk to lakes in Sweden. Based on experiences in the Laurentian Great Lakes, it seems prudent to conduct a thorough assessment of these invaders relative to potential vectors of introduction for the Swedish Great Lakes. Also, an assessment of long-term monitoring programs is in order. Long-term data provides baseline information of the ecosystem and tracks ecosystem responses if indeed an invader becomes established. C1 [Nalepa, Thomas F.] Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Water Ctr, 214 S State St,Suite 200, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM nalepa@umich.edu NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2014 VL 17 IS 4 BP 394 EP 403 DI 10.1080/14634988.2014.972494 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AW7CX UT WOS:000346423200011 ER PT S AU Dlugosz, L AF Dlugosz, Larry GP ASHRAE TI Ambient Airborne Particle Concentrations in Hospital Inpatient Rooms SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2014, VOL 120, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY APR 16, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP ASHRAE AB Airborne particulate concentrations were measured in a 2-year old hospital with a three-channel, handheld particle counter. Two sixty-second tests at a flow rate of 0.1 CFM (2.83 liters/minute) were made at one meter above the floor in the center of each of 22 unoccupied single bed inpatient rooms on one medical-surgical unit. The results for each room were averaged. There was considerable variation in ambient particle concentration among the rooms as exemplified by 8-fold to 11 fold differences between rooms having the highest and lowest particle counts in each particle size channel. The resulting mean (standard deviation) average particle concentrations in counts per ft(3)/minute [and m(3)/minute], respectively, for all 22 rooms according to particle diameter were: 0.3 microns - 733 (365) and [25,882 (12,888)], 0.5 microns - 164 (5790) and [5798 (3291)], and 5.0 microns - 34 (20) and [1200 (710)]. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dlugosz, L (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2014 VL 120 IS 2 PG 4 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BB8GU UT WOS:000346573500065 ER PT S AU Lo, LJ AF Lo, L. James GP ASHRAE TI Wind-driven Airflow through Building Openings: Preliminary Experimental Results using Particle Image Velocimetry SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2014, VOL 120, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASHRAE Annual Conference CY APR 16, 2014 CL Seattle, WA SP ASHRAE ID VENTILATION AB Today's low energy and sustainable buildings often call for innovative designs involving strategies such as natural ventilation. However, natural ventilation airflow is often difficult to estimate, mostly due to the unsteadiness of the wind. This study investigates wind-driven natural ventilation experimentally by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) conducted in a boundary layer wind tunnel using a glass building analogue with modeled openings. Using the PIV technique, both the outdoor wind flow and the resulting indoor through flow were visualized and measured. By varying the opening sizes in the glass model and the incident angle of the approaching wind, the airflow behavior around the openings was investigated. The experimental results provide a novel representation of the airflow characteristics for wind-driven airflow through a building, and the results are expected to aid designers in estimating wind-driven ventilation rate in buildings. C1 NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lo, LJ (reprint author), NIST, Indoor Air Qual & Ventilat Grp, Div Energy & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2014 VL 120 IS 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BB8GU UT WOS:000346573500053 ER PT J AU Cao, Z Dai, M Evans, W Gan, J Feely, R AF Cao, Z. Dai, M. Evans, W. Gan, J. Feely, R. TI Diagnosing CO2 fluxes in the upwelling system off the Oregon-California coast SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INORGANIC CARBON; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CLIMATE-CHANGE; OCEAN; CIRCULATION; WATERS AB It is generally known that the interplay between the carbon and nutrients supplied from subsurface waters via biological metabolism determines the CO2 fluxes in upwelling systems. However, quantificational assessment of such interplay is difficult because of the dynamic nature of both upwelling circulation and the associated biogeochemistry. We recently proposed a new framework, the Ocean-dominated Margin (OceMar), for semi-quantitatively diagnosing the CO2 source/sink nature of an ocean margin over a given period of time, highlighting that the relative consumption between carbon and nutrients determines if carbon is in excess (i.e., CO2 source) or in deficit (i.e., CO2 sink) in the upper waters of ocean margins relative to their off-site inputs from the adjacent open ocean. In the present study, such a diagnostic approach based upon both couplings of physics-biogeochemistry and carbon-nutrients was applied to resolve the CO2 fluxes in the well-known upwelling system off Oregon and northern California of the US west coast, using data collected along three cross-shelf transects from the inner shelf to the open basin in spring/early summer 2007. Through examining the biological consumption on top of the water mass mixing revealed by the total alkalinity-salinity relationship, we successfully predicted and semi-analytically resolved the CO2 fluxes showing strong uptake from the atmosphere beyond the nearshore regions. This CO2 sink nature primarily resulted from the higher utilization of nutrients relative to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) based on their concurrent inputs from the depth. On the other hand, the biological responses to intensified upwelling were minor in nearshore waters off the Oregon-California coast, where significant CO2 outgassing was observed during the sampling period and resolving CO2 fluxes could be simplified without considering DIC/nutrient consumption, i.e., decoupling between upwelling and biological consumption. We reasoned that coupling physics and biogeochemistry in the OceMar model would assume a steady state with balanced DIC and nutrients via both physical transport and biological alterations in comparable timescales. C1 [Cao, Z.; Dai, M.] Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen, Peoples R China. [Evans, W.; Feely, R.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Evans, W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Gan, J.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Div Environm, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Gan, J.] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Math, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Dai, M (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen, Peoples R China. EM mdai@xmu.edu.cn RI Dai, Minhan/G-3343-2010; Cao, Zhimian/J-2122-2016; OI Dai, Minhan/0000-0003-0550-0701; Gan, Jianping/0000-0001-9827-7929 FU National Key Scientific Research Project [2015CB954000]; National Basic Research Program (973) - Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC [2009CB421200]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91328202, 41121091, 90711005, 41130857]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX This work was funded by the National Key Scientific Research Project (no. 2015CB954000) and the National Basic Research Program (973) (no. 2009CB421200) sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the PRC. This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China through grants 91328202, 41121091, 90711005 and 41130857. We are very grateful to the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC; http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/) for the online-published data of the first North American Carbon Program (NACP) West Coast Cruise. Z. Cao is supported by the Humboldt Research Fellowship for postdoctoral researchers provided by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. We thank John Hodgkiss for his help with the manuscript's English. Comments from Rik Wanninkhof, Debby Ianson and another anonymous reviewer have significantly improved the quality of the paper. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 22 BP 6341 EP 6354 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6341-2014 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CJ UT WOS:000346356800012 ER PT J AU van der Velde, IR Miller, JB Schaefer, K van der Werf, GR Krol, MC Peters, W AF van der Velde, I. R. Miller, J. B. Schaefer, K. van der Werf, G. R. Krol, M. C. Peters, W. TI Terrestrial cycling of (CO2)-C-13 by photosynthesis, respiration, and biomass burning in SiBCASA SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; BIOPHYSICAL PARAMETERS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; CO2 ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC GCMS; GLOBAL FIELDS; DIOXIDE AB We present an enhanced version of the SiBCASA terrestrial biosphere model that is extended with (a) biomass burning emissions from the SiBCASA carbon pools using remotely sensed burned area from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED), (b) an isotopic discrimination scheme that calculates C-13 signatures of photosynthesis and autotrophic respiration, and (c) a separate set of C-13 pools to carry isotope ratios into heterotrophic respiration. We quantify in this study the terrestrial exchange of CO2 and (CO2)-C-13 as a function of environmental changes in humidity and biomass burning. The implementation of biomass burning yields similar fluxes as CASA-GFED both in magnitude and spatial patterns. The implementation of isotope exchange gives a global mean discrimination value of 15.2 parts per thousand, ranges between 4 and 20 parts per thousand depending on the photosynthetic pathway in the plant, and compares favorably (annually and seasonally) with other published values. Similarly, the isotopic disequilibrium is similar to other studies that include a small effect of biomass burning as it shortens the turnover of carbon. In comparison to measurements, a newly modified starch/sugar storage pool propagates the isotopic discrimination anomalies to respiration much better. In addition, the amplitude of the drought response by SiBCASA is lower than suggested by the measured isotope ratios. We show that a slight increase in the stomatal closure for large vapor pressure deficit would amplify the respired isotope ratio variability. Our study highlights the importance of isotope ratio observations of C-13 to assess and improve biochemical models like SiBCASA, especially with regard to the allocation and turnover of carbon and the responses to drought. C1 [van der Velde, I. R.; Krol, M. C.; Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Miller, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schaefer, K.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [van der Werf, G. R.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Fac Earth & Life Sci, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Peters, W.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. RP van der Velde, IR (reprint author), Wageningen Univ, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. EM ivar.vandervelde@wur.nl RI Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; van der Werf, Guido/M-8260-2016 OI van der Werf, Guido/0000-0001-9042-8630 FU VIDI [864.08.012]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [SH-060-13] FX We thank all the people involved in the BASIN measurement campaigns as well as Louis Giglio for sharing the GFED version 3 burned-area data. This project was funded and supported by a VIDI grant (864.08.012) and a grant for computing time (SH-060-13) from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 23 BP 6553 EP 6571 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6553-2014 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CM UT WOS:000346357100004 ER PT J AU Bates, NR Garley, R Frey, KE Shake, KL Mathis, JT AF Bates, N. R. Garley, R. Frey, K. E. Shake, K. L. Mathis, J. T. TI Sea-ice melt CO2-carbonate chemistry in the western Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air-sea CO2 gas exchange, mixed-layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN CHUKCHI SEA; CARBON-CYCLE; DYNAMICS; CLIMATE; ACIDIFICATION; SEAWATER; SLOPE; SHELF; DISSOCIATION; FEEDBACKS AB The carbon dioxide (CO2)-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt and co-located, contemporaneous seawater has rarely been studied in sea-ice-covered oceans. Here, we describe the CO2-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt (both above sea-ice as " melt ponds" and below sea-ice as " interface waters") and mixed-layer properties in the western Arctic Ocean in the early summer of 2010 and 2011. At 19 stations, the salinity (similar to 0.5 to < 6.5), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; similar to 20 to < 550 mol kg(-1)) and total alkalinity (TA; similar to 30 to < 500 mol kg(-1)) of above-ice melt pond water was low compared to the co-located underlying mixed layer. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) in these melt ponds was highly variable (similar to < 10 to > 1500 atm) with the majority of melt ponds acting as potentially strong sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. The pH of melt pond waters was also highly variable ranging from mildly acidic (6.1 to 7) to slightly more alkaline than underlying seawater (> 8.2 to 10.8). All of the observed melt ponds had very low (< 0.1) saturation states (Omega) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals such as aragonite (Omega(aragonite)). Our data suggest that sea-ice generated alkaline or acidic type melt pond water. This melt water chemistry dictates whether the ponds are sources of CO2 to the atmosphere or CO2 sinks. Below-ice interface water CO2-carbonate chemistry data also indicated substantial generation of alkalinity, presumably owing to dissolution of CaCO3 in sea-ice. The interface waters generally had lower pCO(2) and higher pH/ Omega(aragonite) than the co-located mixed layer beneath. Sea-ice melt thus contributed to the suppression of mixed-layer pCO(2), thereby enhancing the surface ocean's capacity to uptake CO2 from the atmosphere. Our observations contribute to growing evidence that sea-ice CO(2)carbonate chemistry is highly variable and its contribution to the complex factors that influence the balance of CO2 sinks and sources (and thereby ocean acidification) is difficult to predict in an era of rapid warming and sea-ice loss in the Arctic Ocean. C1 [Bates, N. R.; Garley, R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. [Frey, K. E.; Shake, K. L.] Clark Univ, Grad Sch Geog, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Mathis, J. T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Mathis, J. T.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Bates, NR (reprint author), Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, St Georges, Bermuda. EM nick.bates@bios.edu FU NASA [NNX10AG36G, NNX10AH71G]; NSF [PLR-1107457, ARC-1107645, ARC-1204044, PLR-1107997] FX We would like to thank the captain and crew of the USCGC icebreaker Healy. We would like to especially thank K. Arrigo and many colleagues involved in the ICESCAPE project for their data contributions. Are Olsen and two anonymous reviewers are kindly thanked for their constructive reviews of the paper. N. R. Bates was supported by NASA award NNX10AG36G and NSF award PLR-1107457. K. E. Frey was supported by NASA award NNX10AH71G and NSF awards ARC-1107645 and ARC-1204044. J. T. Mathis was supported by NASA award NNX10AG36G and NSF award PLR-1107997. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 23 BP 6769 EP 6789 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6769-2014 PG 21 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CM UT WOS:000346357100018 ER PT J AU Gehlen, M Seferian, R Jones, DOB Roy, T Roth, R Barry, J Bopp, L Doney, SC Dunne, JP Heinze, C Joos, F Orr, JC Resplandy, L Segschneider, J Tjiputra, J AF Gehlen, M. Seferian, R. Jones, D. O. B. Roy, T. Roth, R. Barry, J. Bopp, L. Doney, S. C. Dunne, J. P. Heinze, C. Joos, F. Orr, J. C. Resplandy, L. Segschneider, J. Tjiputra, J. TI Projected pH reductions by 2100 might put deep North Atlantic biodiversity at risk SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; BENTHIC BIODIVERSITY; CARBONATE SYSTEM; SEA CARBON; CO2; IMPACTS; ORGANISMS; SEAMOUNTS; CORALS; WATER AB This study aims to evaluate the potential for impacts of ocean acidification on North Atlantic deep-sea ecosystems in response to IPCC AR5 Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs). Deep-sea biota is likely highly vulnerable to changes in seawater chemistry and sensitive to moderate excursions in pH. Here we show, from seven fully coupled Earth system models, that for three out of four RCPs over 17% of the seafloor area below 500m depth in the North Atlantic sector will experience pH reductions exceeding -0.2 units by 2100. Increased stratification in response to climate change partially alleviates the impact of ocean acidification on deep benthic environments. We report on major pH reductions over the deep North Atlantic seafloor (depth >500 m) and at important deep-sea features, such as seamounts and canyons. By 2100, and under the high CO2 scenario RCP8.5, pH reductions exceeding -0.2 (-0.3) units are projected in close to 23% (similar to 15 %) of North Atlantic deep-sea canyons and similar to 8% (3 %) of seamounts - including seamounts proposed as sites of marine protected areas. The spatial pattern of impacts reflects the depth of the pH perturbation and does not scale linearly with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Impacts may cause negative changes of the same magnitude or exceeding the current target of 10% of preservation of marine biomes set by the convention on biological diversity, implying that ocean acidification may offset benefits from conservation/management strategies relying on the regulation of resource exploitation. C1 [Gehlen, M.; Bopp, L.; Orr, J. C.; Resplandy, L.] CEA Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, LSCE IPSL, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Seferian, R.] CNRM GAME, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Grp Etude Atmosphere Meteorol, CNRS, F-31100 Toulouse, France. [Jones, D. O. B.] Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Roy, T.] LOCEAN IPSL, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Roth, R.; Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Roth, R.; Joos, F.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Barry, J.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dunne, J. P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Heinze, C.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, C.; Tjiputra, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Segschneider, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Heinze, C.; Tjiputra, J.] Uni Res Climate, Bergen, Norway. RP Gehlen, M (reprint author), CEA Saclay, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, LSCE IPSL, F-91198 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM marion.gehlen@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Jones, Daniel/A-3412-2009; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Jones, Daniel/0000-0001-5218-1649; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080; Resplandy, Laure/0000-0002-1212-3943; Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453; Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030 FU EU FP7 project EPOCA [211384]; EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE [264879]; UK Natural Environment Research Council as part of the Marine Environmental Mapping Programme (MAREMAP); National Science Foundation [AGS-1048827]; Swiss National Science Foundation; NOTUR [NN2980K, NN2345K]; NorStore [NS2980K, NS2345K]; Labex L-IPSL - ANR [ANR-10-LABX-0018]; European FP7 IS-ENES2 project [312979] FX This work was supported through EU FP7 projects EPOCA (grant no. 211384) and CARBOCHANGE (grant no. 264879). D. O. B. Jones was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council as part of the Marine Environmental Mapping Programme (MAREMAP). S. C. Doney acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (AGS-1048827). F. Joos acknowledges support from the Swiss National Science Foundation. This is a contribution from the BIOFEEDBACK project of the Centre for Climate Dynamics at Bjerknes Centre. C. Heinze and J. Tjiputra are grateful for support through NOTUR projects NN2980K and NN2345K as well as NorStore projects NS2980K and NS2345K for HPC CPU time and data storage. To analyse the CMIP5 data, this study benefited from the IPSL Prodiguer-Ciclad facility, which is supported by CNRS and UPMC, as well as Labex L-IPSL, which is funded by the ANR (grant no. ANR-10-LABX-0018) and by the European FP7 IS-ENES2 project (grant no. 312979). NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 23 BP 6955 EP 6967 DI 10.5194/bg-11-6955-2014 PG 13 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CM UT WOS:000346357100030 ER PT J AU Stock, CA Dunne, JP John, JG AF Stock, C. A. Dunne, J. P. John, J. G. TI Drivers of trophic amplification of ocean productivity trends in a changing climate SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; PART I; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; TIME-SERIES; MODEL; PLANKTON; FORMULATION; FISHERIES; PATTERNS AB Pronounced projected 21st century trends in regional oceanic net primary production (NPP) raise the prospect of significant redistributions of marine resources. Recent results further suggest that NPP changes may be amplified at higher trophic levels. Here, we elucidate the role of planktonic food web dynamics in driving projected changes in mesozooplankton production (MESOZP) found to be, on average, twice as large as projected changes in NPP by the latter half of the 21st century under a high emissions scenario in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's ESM2M-COBALT (Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophics) earth system model. Globally, MESOZP was projected to decline by 7.9% but regional MESOZP changes sometimes exceeded 50 %. Changes in three planktonic food web properties - zooplankton growth efficiency (ZGE), the trophic level of mesozooplankton (MESOTL), and the fraction of NPP consumed by zooplankton (zooplankton-phytoplankton coupling, ZPC), explain the projected amplification. Zooplankton growth efficiencies (ZGE) changed with NPP, amplifying both NPP increases and decreases. Negative amplification (i.e., exacerbation) of projected subtropical NPP declines via this mechanism was particularly strong since consumers in the subtropics have limited surplus energy above basal metabolic costs. Increased mesozooplankton trophic level (MESOTL) resulted from projected declines in large phytoplankton production. This further amplified negative subtropical NPP declines but was secondary to ZGE and, at higher latitudes, was often offset by increased ZPC. Marked ZPC increases were projected for high-latitude regions experiencing shoaling of deep winter mixing or decreased winter sea ice both tending to increase winter zooplankton biomass and enhance grazer control of spring blooms. Increased ZPC amplified projected NPP increases in the Arctic and damped projected NPP declines in the northwestern Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Improved understanding of the physical and biological interactions governing ZGE, MESOTL and ZPC is needed to further refine estimates of climate-driven productivity changes across trophic levels. C1 [Stock, C. A.; Dunne, J. P.; John, J. G.] NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Stock, CA (reprint author), NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM charles.stock@noaa.gov OI Stock, Charles/0000-0001-9549-8013 NR 69 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 26 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 24 BP 7125 EP 7135 DI 10.5194/bg-11-7125-2014 PG 11 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AW6CT UT WOS:000346357800003 ER PT J AU Fraser, A Palmer, PI Feng, L Bosch, H Parker, R Dlugokencky, EJ Krummel, PB Langenfelds, RL AF Fraser, A. Palmer, P. I. Feng, L. Boesch, H. Parker, R. Dlugokencky, E. J. Krummel, P. B. Langenfelds, R. L. TI Estimating regional fluxes of CO2 and CH4 using space-borne observations of XCH4 : XCO2 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SINKS; EMISSIONS; SATELLITE; ROBUST; CYCLE AB We use the GEOS-Chem global 3-D atmospheric chemistry transport model to interpret XCH4 : XCO2 column ratios retrieved from the Japanese Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT). The advantage of these data over CO2 and CH4 columns retrieved independently using a full physics optimal estimation algorithm is that they are less prone to scattering-related regional biases. We show that the model is able to reproduce observed global and regional spatial (mean bias = 0.7 %) and temporal variations (global r(2) = 0.92) of this ratio with a model bias < 2.5%. We also show that these variations are driven by emissions of CO2 and CH4 that are typically 6 months out of phase, which may reduce the sensitivity of the ratio to changes in either gas. To simultaneously estimate fluxes of CO2 and CH4 we use a maximum likelihood estimation approach We use two approaches to resolve independent flux estimates of these two gases using GOSAT observations of XCH4 : XCO2: (1) the a priori error covariance between CO2 and CH4 describing common source from biomass burning; and (2) also fitting independent surface atmospheric measurements of CH4 and CO2 mole fraction that provide additional constraints, improving the effectiveness of the observed GOSAT ratio to constrain flux estimates. We demonstrate the impact of these two approaches using numerical experiments. A posteriori flux estimates inferred using only the GOSAT ratios and taking advantage of the error covariance due to biomass burning are not consistent with the tme fluxes in our experiments, as the inversion system cannot judge which species' fluxes to adjust. This reflects the weak dependence of XCH4 : XCO2 on biomass burning. We find that adding the surface data effectively provides an "anchor" to the inversion that dramatically improves the ability of the GOSAT ratios to infer both CH4 and CO2 fluxes. We show that the regional flux estimates inferred from GOSAT XCH4 : XCO2 ratios together with the surface mole fraction data during 2010 are typically consistent with or better than the corresponding values inferred from fitting XCH4 or the full-physics XCO2 data products, as judged by a posteriori uncertainties We show that the fluxes inferred from the ratio measurements perform best over regions where there is a large seasonal cycle such as Tropical South America, for which we report a small but significant annual source of CO2 compared to a small annual sink inferred from the XCO2 data. We argue that given that the ratio measurements are less compromised by systematic error than the full physics data products, the resulting a posteriori estimates and uncertainties provide a more faithful description of the tmth. Based on our analysis we also argue that by using the ratios we may be reaching the current limits on the precision of these observed space-based data. C1 [Fraser, A.; Palmer, P. I.; Feng, L.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Boesch, H.; Parker, R.] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Krummel, P. B.; Langenfelds, R. L.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. RP Palmer, PI (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. EM paul.palmer@ed.ac.uk RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012 OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; Australian Bureau of Meteorology; Natural Environment Research Council National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO); ESA [4000104980/1-LG]; ESA Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI); Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award FX We thank Doug Worthy for the Environment Canada data. NOAA ESRL is supported by NOAA's Climate Program Office; and CSIRO research at Cape Grim is supported by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. A. Fraser and R. Parker were supported by the Natural Environment Research Council National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO). L. Feng was partly funded by the "Data Assimilation Project Interfacing EO data with atmospheric and land surface models" ESA contract 4000104980/1-LG. H. Bosch, R. Parker and L. Feng also acknowledge funding by the ESA Climate Change Initiative (GHG-CCI). P. I. Palmer gratefully acknowledges his Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 23 BP 12883 EP 12895 DI 10.5194/acp-14-12883-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW2SW UT WOS:000346140100017 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM AF Murphy, D. M. TI Rare temperature histories and cirrus ice number density in a parcel and a one-dimensional model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE LAYER; CLOUD FORMATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; CRYSTAL NUMBERS; NUCLEATION; PARAMETERIZATION; MICROPHYSICS; MECHANISMS AB A parcel and a one-dimensional model are used to investigate the temperature dependence of ice crystal number density. The number of ice crystals initially formed in a cold cirrus cloud is very sensitive to the nucleation mechanism and the detailed history of cooling rates during nucleation. A possible small spread in the homogeneous freezing threshold due to varying particle composition is identified as a sensitive nucleation parameter. In a parcel model, the slow growth rate of ice crystals at low temperatures inherently leads to a strong increase in ice number density at low temperatures. This temperature dependence is not observed. The model temperature dependence occurs for a wide range of assumptions and for either homogeneous or, less strongly, heterogeneous freezing. However, the parcel model also shows that random temperature fluctuations result in an extremely wide range of ice number densities. A one-dimensional model is used to show that the rare temperature trajectories resulting in the lowest number densities are disproportionately important. Low number density ice crystals sediment and influence a large volume of air. When such fall streaks are included, the ice number becomes less sensitive to the details of nucleation than it is in a parcel model. The one-dimensional simulations have a more realistic temperature dependence than the parcel mode. The one-dimensional model also produces layers with vertical dimensions of meters even if the temperature forcing has a much broader vertical wavelength. Unlike warm clouds, cirrus clouds are frequently surrounded by supersaturated air. Sedimentation through supersaturated air increases the importance of any process that produces small numbers of ice crystals. This paper emphasizes the relatively rare temperature trajectories that produce the fewest crystals. Other processes are heterogeneous nucleation, sedimentation from the very bottom of clouds, annealing of disordered to hexagonal ice, and entrainment. C1 NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; FU NOAA FX This work was supported by NOAA base and climate funding. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 23 BP 13013 EP 13022 DI 10.5194/acp-14-13013-2014 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AW2SW UT WOS:000346140100025 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Gao, Z Li, D Li, Y Zhang, N Zhao, X Chen, J AF Zhang, Y. Gao, Z. Li, D. Li, Y. Zhang, N. Zhao, X. Chen, J. TI On the computation of planetary boundary-layer height using the bulk Richardson number method SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID MIXING HEIGHT; MODEL; TURBULENCE; PARAMETERIZATION; DIFFUSION; SCALES; FOREST AB Experimental data from four field campaigns are used to explore the variability of the bulk Richardson number of the entire planetary boundary layer (PBL), R-ibc, which is a key parameter for calculating the PBL height (PBLH) in numerical weather and climate models with the bulk Richardson number method. First, the PBLHs of three different thermally stratified boundary layers (i.e., strongly stable boundary layers, weakly stable boundary layers, and unstable boundary layers) from the four field campaigns are determined using the turbulence method, the potential temperature gradient method, the low-level jet method, and the modified parcel method. Then for each type of boundary layer, an optimal Ribc is obtained through linear fitting and statistical error minimization methods so that the bulk Richardson method with this optimal Ribc yields similar estimates of PBLHs as the methods mentioned above. We find that the optimal Ribc increases as the PBL becomes more unstable: 0.24 for strongly stable boundary layers, 0.31 for weakly stable boundary layers, and 0.39 for unstable boundary layers. Compared with previous schemes that use a single value of Ribc in calculating the PBLH for all types of boundary layers, the new values of Ribc proposed by this study yield more accurate estimates of PBLHs. C1 [Zhang, Y.; Li, Y.; Zhao, X.; Chen, J.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Jiangsu Key Lab Agr Meteorol, Int Ctr Ecol Meteorol & Environm, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gao, Z.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, D.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Zhang, N.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Gao, Z (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM zgao@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Chen, Jiquan/D-1955-2009 OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; FU China Meteorological Administration [GYHY201006024]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) [2012CB417203, 2011CB403501]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275022]; CAS Strategic Priority Research Program [5 XDA05110101] FX This study is supported by the China Meteorological Administration under grant GYHY201006024, the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) under grants 2012CB417203 and 2011CB403501, the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 41275022, and the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program, grant 5 XDA05110101. We are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their careful review and valuable comments, which led to a substantial improvement of this manuscript. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2599 EP 2611 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-2599-2014 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW2TP UT WOS:000346142200004 ER PT J AU Angevine, WM Brioude, J McKeen, S Holloway, JS AF Angevine, W. M. Brioude, J. McKeen, S. Holloway, J. S. TI Uncertainty in Lagrangian pollutant transport simulations due to meteorological uncertainty from a mesoscale WRF ensemble SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID ERROR CHARACTERIZATION; MODEL; DISPERSION; CO2; INVERSIONS; EMISSIONS; SYSTEM AB Lagrangian particle dispersion models require meteorological fields as input. Uncertainty in the driving meteorology is one of the major uncertainties in the results. The propagation of uncertainty through the system is not simple, and it has not been thoroughly explored. Here, we take an ensemble approach. Six different configurations of the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model drive otherwise identical simulations with FLEXPART-WRF for 49 days over eastern North America. The ensemble spreads of wind speed, mixing height, and tracer concentration are presented. Uncertainty of tracer concentrations due solely to meteorological uncertainty is 30-40 %. Spatial and temporal averaging reduces the uncertainty marginally. Tracer age uncertainty due solely to meteorological uncertainty is 15-20 %. These are lower bounds on the uncertainty, because a number of processes are not accounted for in the analysis. C1 [Angevine, W. M.; Brioude, J.; McKeen, S.; Holloway, J. S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, W. M.; Brioude, J.; McKeen, S.; Holloway, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Brioude, J.] Univ La Reunion, Meteo France, CNRS, Lab Atmosphere & Cyclones,UMR8105, La Reunion, France. RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wayne.m.angevine@noaa.gov RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; NR 29 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2817 EP 2829 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-2817-2014 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW2TP UT WOS:000346142200017 ER PT J AU Wei, Y Liu, S Huntzinger, DN Michalak, AM Viovy, N Post, WM Schwalm, CR Schaefer, K Jacobson, AR Lu, C Tian, H Ricciuto, DM Cook, RB Mao, J Shi, X AF Wei, Y. Liu, S. Huntzinger, D. N. Michalak, A. M. Viovy, N. Post, W. M. Schwalm, C. R. Schaefer, K. Jacobson, A. R. Lu, C. Tian, H. Ricciuto, D. M. Cook, R. B. Mao, J. Shi, X. TI The North American Carbon Program Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project - Part 2: Environmental driver data SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN DEPOSITION; LAND-USE; SOLAR-RADIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; CO2; REANALYSIS; BIOSPHERE; CYCLE; PRECIPITATION AB Ecosystems are important and dynamic components of the global carbon cycle, and terrestrial biospheric models (TBMs) are crucial tools in further understanding of how terrestrial carbon is stored and exchanged with the atmosphere across a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Improving TBM skills, and quantifying and reducing their estimation uncertainties, pose significant challenges. The Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) is a formal multi-scale and multi-model intercomparison effort set up to tackle these challenges. The MsTMIP protocol prescribes standardized environmental driver data that are shared among model teams to facilitate model-model and model-observation comparisons. This paper describes the global and North American environmental driver data sets prepared for the MsTMIP activity to both support their use in MsTMIP and make these data, along with the processes used in selecting/processing these data, accessible to a broader audience. Based on project needs and lessons learned from past model intercomparison activities, we compiled climate, atmospheric CO2 concentrations, nitrogen deposition, land use and land cover change (LULCC), C3 / C4 grasses fractions, major crops, phenology and soil data into a standard format for global (0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees resolution) and regional (North American: 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees resolution) simulations. In order to meet the needs of MsTMIP, improvements were made to several of the original environmental data sets, by improving the quality, and/or changing their spatial and temporal coverage, and resolution. The resulting standardized model driver data sets are being used by over 20 different models participating in MsTMIP. The data are archived at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC, http://daac.ornl.gov) to provide long-term data management and distribution. C1 [Wei, Y.; Liu, S.; Post, W. M.; Ricciuto, D. M.; Cook, R. B.; Mao, J.; Shi, X.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Huntzinger, D. N.; Schwalm, C. R.] No Arizona Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Michalak, A. M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Viovy, N.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Paris, France. [Schaefer, K.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jacobson, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Lu, C.; Tian, H.] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Int Ctr Climate & Global Change Res, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Wei, Y (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM weiy@ornl.gov RI Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; Mao, Jiafu/B-9689-2012; OI Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Mao, Jiafu/0000-0002-2050-7373; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302 FU NASA ROSES [NNX11AO08A, NNH10AN68I] FX Funding for the Multi-scale Synthesis and Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP) was provided through NASA ROSES grant no. NNX11AO08A. Data management support for preparing, documenting, and distributing model driver was performed by the Modeling and Synthesis Thematic Data Center (MAST-DC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, with funding through NASA ROSES grant no. NNH10AN68I. MsTMIP environmental driver data can be obtained from the ORNL DAAC (http://daac.ornl.gov) and the simulation outputs can be obtained from the MsTMIP product archive (http://nacp.ornl.gov/MsTMIP.shtml). This is MsTMIP contribution no. 2. We would like to thank the MsTMIP Modeling teams that participated in discussions of the requirements and characteristics of driver data needed for the simulations, as well as the protocol for running the simulations. NR 92 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 2875 EP 2893 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-2875-2014 PG 19 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AW2TP UT WOS:000346142200021 ER PT J AU Wittmann, RC Francis, MH AF Wittmann, Ronald C. Francis, Michael H. TI Near-Field Spherical Scanning Antenna Measurements: Probe Deconvolution and Sensitivity SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID COMPENSATION AB We define and calculate sensitivity for several actual and simulated probes. Probe sensitivity can have a significant impact on the measurement uncertainty associated with probe deconvolution in near-field spherical-scanning, antenna measurements. C1 [Wittmann, Ronald C.; Francis, Michael H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wittmann, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wittmannrc@gmail.com NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5869 EI 1687-5877 J9 INT J ANTENN PROPAG JI Int. J. Antennas Propag. PY 2014 AR 587874 DI 10.1155/2014/587874 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AW5CO UT WOS:000346293700001 ER PT J AU Kim, KH Lim, T Kim, MJ Choe, S Park, KJ Ahn, SH Kwon, OJ Kim, JJ AF Kim, Kwang Hwan Lim, Taeho Kim, Myung Jun Choe, Seunghoe Park, Kyung Ju Ahn, Sang Hyun Kwon, Oh Joong Kim, Jae Jeong TI Direct Cu Electrodeposition on Electroless Deposited NiWP Barrier Layer on SiO2 Substrate for All-Wet Metallization Process SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION BARRIER; COPPER DIFFUSION; THIN-FILMS; NICKEL; RESISTIVITY; TECHNOLOGY; EVOLUTION; TUNGSTEN; BORON; TA AB Electroless deposition of a NiWP barrier layer on a SiO2 substrate was investigated for all-wet Cu interconnect fabrication. In this study, the entire fabrication process including substrate activation, barrier layer electroless deposition, and direct Cu electrodeposition wasmodified. The SiO2 substrate was activated via Pd nanoparticles that were immobilized on the substrate by using a preformed self-assembled monolayer composed of 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane. Reduction of NiWP layer resistivity was achieved by applying ultrasound during the substrate activation process and by adding poly(ethylene glycol) to the electroless deposition bath. The Cu electrodeposition was performed directly on the NiWP layer after performing coulometric oxide reduction, thus improving the adhesion and nucleation density of Cu on the NiWP layer. The electrodeposition process was conducted in two steps: Cu nucleation and Cu thin film formation at a high overpotential followed by additional Cu film growth at a low overpotential. As a result, a uniform, smooth Cu film covered the NiWP layer. In addition, bottom-up Cu filling was accomplished on a 120 nm wide, patterned substrate with a 2.5 aspect ratio. Barrier layer performance was evaluated by using a Cu / NiWP / Pd / SiO2 stacked specimen formed by applying the proposed procedure. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Kim, Kwang Hwan; Lim, Taeho; Kim, Myung Jun; Choe, Seunghoe; Kim, Jae Jeong] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. [Park, Kyung Ju] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Ahn, Sang Hyun] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kwon, Oh Joong] Incheon Natl Univ, Dept Energy & Chem Engn, Inchon 406772, South Korea. RP Kim, KH (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Chem & Biol Engn, Gwanak 1, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM ojkwon@incheon.ac.kr; jjkimm@snu.ac.kr FU "R&D Center for reduction of Non-CO2 Greenhouse gases" - Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) [2013001690004] FX This work was supported by the "R&D Center for reduction of Non-CO2 Greenhouse gases (2013001690004)" funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as "Global Top Environment R&D Program". NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 14 BP D756 EP D760 DI 10.1149/2.0291414jes PG 5 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AW0IO UT WOS:000345975500066 ER PT S AU Roshko, A Geiss, RH Schlager, JB Brubaker, MD Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Harvey, TE AF Roshko, A. Geiss, R. H. Schlager, J. B. Brubaker, M. D. Bertness, K. A. Sanford, N. A. Harvey, T. E. BE Eddy, CR Kuball, M Koleske, DD Amano, H TI Characterization of InGaN quantum disks in GaN nanowires SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 11, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY AUG 25-30, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Zeiss, Nichia, Laytec, Nitride Semicond Fdn Japan, Aixtron, Osram, Plasma Therm, Crystal IS, Dow Elect Mat DE gallium nitride; nanowires; transmission electron microscopy; photoluminescence ID EPITAXY AB Catalyst-free GaN nanowires with InGaN quantum disks (QDs) were characterized by scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) and photoluminescence. A variety of structures, from QDs with large strain fields to apparently strain free QDs were observed. TEM lattice imaging revealed dislocations in the QD regions of the samples. Stacking faults were also observed and appear to be associated with the GaN growth temperature rather than the presence of indium. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in the TEM revealed indium concentrated in stacking faults but not always localized in the QD regions. Photoluminescence spectra show a red-shift, possibly associated with indium concentration. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Roshko, A.; Geiss, R. H.; Schlager, J. B.; Brubaker, M. D.; Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.; Harvey, T. E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Roshko, A (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM roshko@boulder.nist.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1002/pssc.201300639 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BB7WP UT WOS:000346071300034 ER PT S AU Bertness, KA Brubaker, MD Harvey, TE Duff, SM Sanders, AW Sanford, NA AF Bertness, Kris A. Brubaker, Matt D. Harvey, Todd E. Duff, Shannon M. Sanders, Aric W. Sanford, Norman A. BE Eddy, CR Kuball, M Koleske, DD Amano, H TI In situ temperature measurements for selective epitaxy of GaN nanowires SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 11, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY AUG 25-30, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Zeiss, Nichia, Laytec, Nitride Semicond Fdn Japan, Aixtron, Osram, Plasma Therm, Crystal IS, Dow Elect Mat DE selective epitaxy mask; blackbody emission; molecular beam epitaxy; substrate temperature ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PYROMETRIC INTERFEROMETRY; GROWTH; SILICON AB We demonstrate with spatially resolved, in situ temperature measurements and ex situ reflectance measurements that differences in appearance for masked and unmasked surfaces on patterned growth substrates arise from wavelength-dependent emissivity variations and not from actual temperature differences. For this study, Si(111) substrates were coated with thin AlN buffer layers (about 40 nm thick) and then further coated with a SiNx mask layer (about 60 nm thick). "Blackbody" emission spectra were collected from homogeneous regions at growth temperatures near those that allow the selective epitaxy of catalyst-free GaN nanowires on the AlN by molecular beam epitaxy. The data were acquired with a commercial in situ diagnostic system that incorporates optical fiber collection to limit the sampling area to a circle about 5 mm in diameter on the substrate. The emittance spectra are estimated from room-temperature reflectance measurements. The implication for selectivity mechanisms and temperature measurements in molecular beam epitaxy in general are also discussed. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Bertness, Kris A.; Brubaker, Matt D.; Harvey, Todd E.; Duff, Shannon M.; Sanders, Aric W.; Sanford, Norman A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bertness@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 590 EP 593 DI 10.1002/pssc.201300545 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BB7WP UT WOS:000346071300055 ER PT S AU Sanford, NA Blanchard, PT Brubaker, M Bertness, KA Roshko, A Schlager, JB Kirchhofer, R Diercks, DR Gorman, B AF Sanford, N. A. Blanchard, P. T. Brubaker, M. Bertness, K. A. Roshko, A. Schlager, J. B. Kirchhofer, R. Diercks, D. R. Gorman, B. BE Eddy, CR Kuball, M Koleske, DD Amano, H TI Laser-assisted atom probe tomography of MBE grown GaN nanowire heterostructures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 11, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY AUG 25-30, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Zeiss, Nichia, Laytec, Nitride Semicond Fdn Japan, Aixtron, Osram, Plasma Therm, Crystal IS, Dow Elect Mat DE atom probe; gallium nitride nanowires AB Laser-assisted atom probe tomography (L-APT) was performed on GaN nanowires (NWs) and axial GaN/InGaN nanowire heterostructures. All samples were grown by MBE on Si(111) substrates. The laser pulse energy (PE) at 355 nm used in L-APT analysis of GaN NWs was restricted to the range of 2-50 fJ in order to recover the correct GaN stoichiometry within experimental uncertainty. Higher PE at 355 nm generally returns an apparent (but unphysical) deficit in N composition for GaN. Axial GaN/InGaN NW heterostructures were also grown by MBE. In these experiments a GaN NW segment was first grown at 820 degrees C followed by GaN-capped InGaN marker layers grown variously at 585 and 615 degrees C. The capped InGaN markers were separated by GaN spacer layers. L-APT revealed that under certain growth conditions, In diffused throughout the quantum well region. These observations were corroborated by HRTEM. Moreover, L-APT performed on the GaN/InGaN NWs with PE = 2 fJ revealed that regions with dispersed In showed an (unphysical) N deficit but regions where the InGaN marker layers remained localized showed the approximately correct stoichiometry. Interestingly, even when the In markers remain localized, background In is still found in the GaN spacers between the markers. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Sanford, N. A.; Blanchard, P. T.; Brubaker, M.; Bertness, K. A.; Roshko, A.; Schlager, J. B.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kirchhofer, R.; Diercks, D. R.; Gorman, B.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sanford, NA (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sanford@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1002/pssc.201300579 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BB7WP UT WOS:000346071300059 ER PT S AU Schlager, JB Brubaker, MD Bertness, KA Sanford, NA AF Schlager, John B. Brubaker, Matt D. Bertness, Kris A. Sanford, Norman A. BE Eddy, CR Kuball, M Koleske, DD Amano, H TI Estimates of photoluminescence efficiencies in GaN nanowires at high injection levels from steady-state photoluminescence measurements SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 11, NO 3-4 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Nitride Semiconductors (ICNS) CY AUG 25-30, 2013 CL Washington, DC SP Off Naval Res, Army Res Off, Sandia Natl Lab, Natl Sci Fdn, Zeiss, Nichia, Laytec, Nitride Semicond Fdn Japan, Aixtron, Osram, Plasma Therm, Crystal IS, Dow Elect Mat DE gallium nitride; internal quantum efficiency; molecular beam epitaxy; nanowire; photoluminescence ID QUANTUM EFFICIENCY AB Photoluminescence (PL) efficiencies were estimated for individual silicon-doped GaN nanowires grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). Steady-state PL measurements reveal efficiencies that depend on excitation intensity, temperature, and nanowire morphology. While many nanowires had their best efficiencies at base temperature (T similar to 4 K), some nanowires, given sufficient excitation intensities, had best efficiencies at elevated temperatures (T similar to 100 K). Room-temperature internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of PL was as high as 33 +/- 5%. These steady-state results corroborate with time-resolved PL measurements reported earlier, and both methods can aid in optimizing the growth and processing of nanowires for future applications in nanoscale optoelectronics. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Schlager, John B.; Brubaker, Matt D.; Bertness, Kris A.; Sanford, Norman A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. RP Schlager, JB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. EM john.schlager@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3-4 BP 810 EP 812 DI 10.1002/pssc.201300535 PG 3 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA BB7WP UT WOS:000346071300109 ER PT J AU Cao, Q Hong, Y Chen, S Gourley, JJ Zhang, J Kirstetter, PE AF Cao, Qing Hong, Yang Chen, Sheng Gourley, Jonathan J. Zhang, Jian Kirstetter, P. E. TI Snowfall Detectability of NASA's CloudSat: The First Cross-Investigation of Its 2C-Snow-Profile Product and National Multi-Sensor Mosaic QPE (NMQ) Snowfall Data SO PROGRESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH-PIER LA English DT Article ID RADAR AB This study investigates snowfall detectability and snowfall rate estimation with NASA's Cloud Sat through the first evaluation of its newly released 2C-SNOW-PROFILE products using the National Mosaic and Multisensor QPE System (NMQ) snowfall products. The primary focus is on the detection and estimation of surface snowfall. The results show that the Cloud Sat product has good detectability of light snow (snow water equivalent less than 1 mm/h) but degrades in moderate and heavy snow (heavier than 1 mm/h). The analysis suggests that the new 2C-SNOW-PROFILE algorithm is insufficient in correcting signal losses due to attenuation. Its underestimation is well correlated to snowfall intensity. Issues of sensitivity and data sampling with ground radars, which may affect the interpretation of the results, are also discussed. This evaluation of the new 2C-SNOW-PROFILE algorithm provides guidance for applications of the product and identifies particular error sources that can be addressed in future versions of the Cloud Sat snowfall algorithm. C1 [Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Res & Innovat, Enterprise, AL USA. [Hong, Yang; Chen, Sheng; Kirstetter, P. E.] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang; Chen, Sheng; Kirstetter, P. E.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Zhang, Jian; Kirstetter, P. E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU NASA [NNX11AL78G] FX This work was partially supported by NASA grants No. NNX11AL78G with the title of "Incorporating NASA Spaceborne Precipitation Research Products into National Mosaic QPE Real-time System for Improved Short-term Weather Prediction at Colorado Basin River Forecast Center" and the Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC) at the University of Oklahoma. NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU E M W PUBLISHING PI CAMBRIDGE PA PO BOX 425517, KENDALL SQUARE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142 USA SN 1559-8985 J9 PROG ELECTROMAGN RES JI Prog. Electromagn. Res. PY 2014 VL 148 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.2528/PIER14030405 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA AW2XY UT WOS:000346151100006 ER PT J AU Deeter, MN Martinez-Alonso, S Edwards, DP Emmons, LK Gille, JC Worden, HM Sweeney, C Pittman, JV Daube, BC Wofsy, SC AF Deeter, M. N. Martinez-Alonso, S. Edwards, D. P. Emmons, L. K. Gille, J. C. Worden, H. M. Sweeney, C. Pittman, J. V. Daube, B. C. Wofsy, S. C. TI The MOPITT Version 6 product: algorithm enhancements and validation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; POLLUTION; MODEL; CO AB The Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) Version 6 (V6) product for carbon monoxide (CO) incorporates several enhancements which will benefit many users of MOPITT data. V6 algorithm improvements are described in detail, and V6 validation results are presented. First, a geolocation bias related to the orientation of the MOPITT instrument relative to the TERRA platform was characterized and eliminated. Second, the variable a priori for CO concentrations for V6 is based on simulations performed with the chemical transport model Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-chem) for the years 2000-2009 instead of the model-derived climatology for 1997-2004 used for V5. Third, meteorological fields required for V6 retrieval processing are extracted from the MERRA (Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis For Research And Applications) reanalysis. Finally, a significant latitude-dependent retrieval bias in the upper troposphere in Version 5 products has been substantially reduced. C1 [Deeter, M. N.; Martinez-Alonso, S.; Edwards, D. P.; Emmons, L. K.; Gille, J. C.; Worden, H. M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Pittman, J. V.; Daube, B. C.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Deeter, MN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mnd@ucar.edu RI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/D-8594-2011; Deeter, Merritt/O-6078-2016; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Martinez-Alonso, Sara/0000-0001-5185-8670; Deeter, Merritt/0000-0002-3555-0518; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Program; National Science Foundation FX Matthieu Pommier, at the Air Quality Research Division of Environment Canada (and now at the Pierre Simon Laplace Institute), was instrumental in helping to identify and correct the geolocation bias. The NCAR MOPITT project is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Observing System (EOS) Program. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 11 BP 3623 EP 3632 DI 10.5194/amt-7-3623-2014 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU7LB UT WOS:000345781000001 ER PT J AU Intrieri, JM de Boer, G Shupe, MD Spackman, JR Wang, J Neiman, PJ Wick, GA Hock, TF Hood, RE AF Intrieri, J. M. de Boer, G. Shupe, M. D. Spackman, J. R. Wang, J. Neiman, P. J. Wick, G. A. Hock, T. F. Hood, R. E. TI Global Hawk dropsonde observations of the Arctic atmosphere obtained during the Winter Storms and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (WISPAR) field campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE; WEATHER AB In February and March of 2011, the Global Hawk unmanned aircraft system (UAS) was deployed over the Pacific Ocean and the Arctic during the Winter Storms and Pacific Atmospheric Rivers (WISPAR) field campaign. The WISPAR science missions were designed to (1) improve our understanding of Pacific weather systems and the polar atmosphere; (2) evaluate operational use of unmanned aircraft for investigating these atmospheric events; and (3) demonstrate operational and research applications of a UAS dropsonde system at high latitudes. Dropsondes deployed from the Global Hawk successfully obtained high-resolution profiles of temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind information between the stratosphere and surface. The 35m wingspan Global Hawk, which can soar for similar to 31 h at altitudes up to similar to 20 km, was remotely operated from NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base (AFB) in California. During the 25 h polar flight on 9-10 March 2011, the Global Hawk released 35 sondes between the North Slope of Alaska and 85 degrees N latitude, marking the first UAS Arctic dropsonde mission of its kind. The polar flight transected an unusually cold polar vortex, notable for an associated record-level Arctic ozone loss, and documented polar boundary layer variations over a sizable ocean-ice lead feature. Comparison of dropsonde observations with atmospheric reanalyses reveal that, for this day, large-scale structures such as the polar vortex and air masses are captured by the reanalyses, while smaller-scale features, including low-level jets and inversion depths, are mischaracterized. The successful Arctic dropsonde deployment demonstrates the capability of the Global Hawk to conduct operations in harsh, remote regions. The limited comparison with other measurements and reanalyses highlights the potential value of Arctic atmospheric dropsonde observations where routine in situ measurements are practically nonexistent. C1 [Intrieri, J. M.; de Boer, G.; Shupe, M. D.; Spackman, J. R.; Neiman, P. J.; Wick, G. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Boer, G.; Shupe, M. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, J.; Hock, T. F.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hood, R. E.] NOAA, Unmanned Aircraft Syst Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wang, J.] SUNY Albany, Dept Atmospher & Environm Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Intrieri, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM janet.intrieri@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Intrieri, Janet/D-5608-2015 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; FU National Science Foundation [NSF ARC1203902]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0008794, DE-SC0007005] FX The authors wish to thank the NASA and NOAA Global Hawk support team, particularly Phil Hall, Dave Fratello, and Chris Naftel; NCAR dropsonde engineering and data team; and Son Nghiem (NASA JPL) for the MODIS satellite imagery. Additionally, we would like to thank Stuart Hinson, William Blackmore, and Scot Loehrer for their help with the Barrow, Alaska radiosonde data. G. de Boer acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (NSF ARC1203902) and US Department of Energy (DE-SC0008794). M. D. Shupe acknowledges the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0007005). NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 11 BP 3917 EP 3926 DI 10.5194/amt-7-3917-2014 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU7LB UT WOS:000345781000022 ER PT J AU Laeng, A Grabowski, U von Clarmann, T Stiller, G Glatthor, N Hopfner, M Kellmann, S Kiefer, M Linden, A Lossow, S Sofieva, V Petropavlovskikh, I Hubert, D Bathgate, T Bernath, P Boone, CD Clerbaux, C Coheur, P Damadeo, R Degenstein, D Frith, S Froidevaux, L Gille, J Hoppel, K McHugh, M Kasai, Y Lumpe, J Rahpoe, N Toon, G Sano, T Suzuki, M Tamminen, J Urban, J Walker, K Weber, M Zawodny, J AF Laeng, A. Grabowski, U. von Clarmann, T. Stiller, G. Glatthor, N. Hoepfner, M. Kellmann, S. Kiefer, M. Linden, A. Lossow, S. Sofieva, V. Petropavlovskikh, I. Hubert, D. Bathgate, T. Bernath, P. Boone, C. D. Clerbaux, C. Coheur, P. Damadeo, R. Degenstein, D. Frith, S. Froidevaux, L. Gille, J. Hoppel, K. McHugh, M. Kasai, Y. Lumpe, J. Rahpoe, N. Toon, G. Sano, T. Suzuki, M. Tamminen, J. Urban, J. Walker, K. Weber, M. Zawodny, J. TI Validation of MIPAS IMK/IAA V5R_O3_224 ozone profiles SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID LIMB EMISSION-SPECTRA; MICHELSON INTERFEROMETER; SATELLITE DATA; POAM-III; SAGE II; RETRIEVAL; ALGORITHM; TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTS; SMILES AB We present the results of an extensive validation program of the most recent version of ozone vertical profiles retrieved with the IMK/IAA (Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia) MIPAS (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding) research level 2 processor from version 5 spectral level 1 data. The time period covered corresponds to the reduced spectral resolution period of the MIPAS instrument, i.e., January 2005-April 2012. The comparison with satellite instruments includes all post-2005 satellite limb and occultation sensors that have measured the vertical profiles of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone: ACE-FTS, GOMOS, HALOE, HIRDLS, MLS, OSIRIS, POAM, SAGE II, SCIAMACHY, SMILES, and SMR. In addition, balloon-borne MkIV solar occultation measurements and ground-based Umkehr measurements have been included, as well as two nadir sensors: IASI and SBUV. For each reference data set, bias determination and precision assessment are performed. Better agreement with reference instruments than for the previous data version, V5R_O3_220 (Laeng et al., 2014), is found: the known high bias around the ozone vmr (volume mixing ratio) peak is significantly reduced and the vertical resolution at 35 km has been improved. The agreement with limb and solar occultation reference instruments that have a known small bias vs. ozonesondes is within 7% in the lower and middle stratosphere and 5% in the upper troposphere. Around the ozone vmr peak, the agreement with most of the satellite reference instruments is within 5 %; this bias is as low as 3% for ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, POAM and SBUV. C1 [Laeng, A.; Grabowski, U.; von Clarmann, T.; Stiller, G.; Glatthor, N.; Hoepfner, M.; Kellmann, S.; Kiefer, M.; Linden, A.; Lossow, S.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol IMK KIT, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany. [Coheur, P.; McHugh, M.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Serv Chim Quant & Photophys, Brussels, Belgium. [Rahpoe, N.; Weber, M.] Univ Bremen, Inst Umweltphys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Froidevaux, L.; Toon, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Boone, C. D.; Walker, K.] Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Sofieva, V.; Tamminen, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Damadeo, R.; Zawodny, J.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, CNRS INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Versailles, France. [Clerbaux, C.] ULB, Brussels, Belgium. [Bathgate, T.; Degenstein, D.] Univ Saskatchevan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [Frith, S.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Gille, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kasai, Y.] NICT, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. [Sano, T.; Suzuki, M.] JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Urban, J.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Hubert, D.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron BIRA IASB, Brussels, Belgium. [Lumpe, J.] Computat Phys Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Hoppel, K.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Bernath, P.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Laeng, A (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol IMK KIT, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Karlsruhe, Germany. EM alexandra.laeng@kit.edu RI Sofieva, Viktoria/E-1958-2014; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Hopfner, Michael/A-7255-2013; Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; OI Sofieva, Viktoria/0000-0002-9192-2208; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Hopfner, Michael/0000-0002-4174-9531; Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency; Sweden (SNSB); Canada (CSA); Finland (TEKES); France (CNES); European Space Agency; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology FX Part of this work was done in the framework of Ozone_cci Project by the European Space Agency. MIPAS level 1 data are provided by the European Space Agency. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The ACE mission is supported primarily by the Canadian Space Agency. Odin is a Swedish-led satellite project funded jointly by Sweden (SNSB), Canada (CSA), Finland (TEKES), and France (CNES), with support by the third party mission programme of the European Space Agency. The SMILES mission is a joint project of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT). Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.r We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. NR 37 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 11 BP 3971 EP 3987 DI 10.5194/amt-7-3971-2014 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU7LB UT WOS:000345781000027 ER PT J AU Muller, T Virkkula, A Ogren, JA AF Mueller, T. Virkkula, A. Ogren, J. A. TI Constrained two-stream algorithm for calculating aerosol light absorption coefficient from the Particle Soot Absorption Photometer SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; NEPHELOMETER; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; AETHALOMETER; 3-WAVELENGTH AB We present a new correction scheme for filter-based absorption photometers based on a constrained two-stream (CTS) radiative transfer model and experimental calibrations. The two-stream model was initialized using experimentally accessible optical parameters of the filter. Experimental calibrations were taken from the literature and from dedicated experiments for the present manuscript. Uncertainties in the model and calibration experiments are discussed and uncertainties for retrieval of absorption coefficients are derived. For single-scattering albedos lower than 0.8, the new CTS method and also other correction schemes suffer from the uncertainty in calibration experiments, with an uncertainty of about 20% in the absorption coefficient. For high single-scattering albedos, the CTS correction significantly reduces errors. At a single-scattering albedo of about 0.98 the error can be reduced to 30 %, whereas errors using the Bond correction (Bond et al., 1999) are up to 100 %. The correction scheme was tested using data from an independent experiment. The tests confirm the modeled performance of the correction scheme when comparing the CTS method to other established correction methods. C1 [Mueller, T.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Virkkula, A.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Virkkula, A.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Virkkula, A.] Nanjing Univ, Sch Atmospher Sci Nanjing, Inst Climate & Global Change Res, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Muller, T (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. EM thomas.mueller@tropos.de RI Mueller, Thomas/E-5426-2015; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 12 BP 4049 EP 4070 DI 10.5194/amt-7-4049-2014 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU7LL UT WOS:000345782000002 ER PT J AU Ross, RM Quetin, LB Newberger, T Shaw, CT Jones, JL Oakes, SA Moore, KJ AF Ross, Robin M. Quetin, Langdon B. Newberger, Timothy Shaw, C. Tracy Jones, Janice L. Oakes, Stephanie A. Moore, Kelly J. TI Trends, cycles, interannual variability for three pelagic species west of the Antarctic Peninsula 1993-2008 SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Time-series for Antarctic zooplankton; Antarctic krill; Antarctic silverfish ID KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; TERRA-NOVA BAY; TUNICATE SALPA-THOMPSONI; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; NATURAL GROWTH-RATES; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; SEA-ICE EXTENT; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; ROSS SEA; PLEURAGRAMMA-ANTARCTICUM AB The Palmer Long Term Ecological Research study region west of the Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing warming and changing seasonal sea ice dynamics. Abundance patterns of 3 species of pelagic secondary producers were analyzed for trends, cycles, range extensions or shifts in the location of highest density, and for changes in population dynamics over a 16 yr period (1993-2008). Species analyzed represented different hydrographic regimes and are known to have contrasting responses to seasonal sea ice dynamics: krill Euphausia superba, seasonal sea ice zone; tunicates Salpa thompsoni, warmer waters with minimal sea ice; and larval Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum, cold continental shelf waters. Cycles were observed in grid-wide abundance and recruitment for E. superba. Maximum grid-wide densities did not decrease, but the location of highest densities shifted southward 200 km, away from Adelie penguin rookeries at the northern end. A distinct change post-1999 was apparent in the frequency of occurrence and abundance of S. thompsoni. Mixtures of krill and salps became common, but neither peak densities nor the frequency of peak years for salps increased. As with Antarctic krill, highest salp densities shifted southward alongshore. Larval P. antarcticum were abundant in the northern coastal region in the early 1990s, but virtually disappeared in that region after 1999/2000. Possible mechanisms underlying these observations include the southerly movement of the sea ice edge during spring, changes in proximity of source populations (salps), and changes in transport pathways (larval P. antarcticum). Patterns are compared to those in the SW Atlantic. C1 [Ross, Robin M.; Quetin, Langdon B.; Jones, Janice L.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Newberger, Timothy] NOAA, GMD 1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shaw, C. Tracy] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Oakes, Stephanie A.] NOAA NMFS, Marine Ecosyst Div, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Moore, Kelly J.] Channel Isl Natl Pk, Ventura, CA 93001 USA. RP Ross, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM ross@msi.ucsb.edu FU National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs [OPP-9011927, OPP-9632763, OPP-0217282, ANT-1010688]; Regents of the University of California; University of California at Santa Barbara; Marine Science Institute, UCSB FX Constructive comments and questions from anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge all the graduate students and volunteers who were critical to data collection. Without the ship-handling skills of the captains, mates, and crews of the MV 'Polar Duke' and ARSV 'Laurence M. Gould', and help of Antarctic Support Associates and Raytheon Polar Services personnel, the samples would never have made it to the deck. Discussions with P. Kremer on salp population dynamics early in the PAL LTER and during manuscript preparation were invaluable. M. White of the British Antarctic Survey and REU student C. Hoffman were critical in the development of the fish larval identification decision tree. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs, under Award Nos. OPP-9011927, OPP-9632763, OPP-0217282, and ANT-1010688, The Regents of the University of California, the University of California at Santa Barbara, and the Marine Science Institute, UCSB. This is Palmer LTER contribution No. 490. NR 125 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 515 BP 11 EP 32 DI 10.3354/meps10965 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU6HD UT WOS:000345703500002 ER PT J AU Claiborne, AM Miller, JA Weitkamp, LA Teel, DJ Emmett, RL AF Claiborne, Andrew M. Miller, Jessica A. Weitkamp, Laurie A. Teel, David J. Emmett, Robert L. TI Evidence for selective mortality in marine environments: the role of fish migration size, timing, and production type SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Early marine survival; Hatchery; Naturally propagated; Size-selective mortality; Otolith ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; REARED ATLANTIC SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; EARLY OCEAN RESIDENCE; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; LIFE-HISTORY; COHO SALMON; OTOLITH MICROSTRUCTURE; RELATIVE VULNERABILITY AB The underlying causes of mortality during critical life stages of fish are not well understood, nor is it clear if these causes are similar for naturally versus artificially propagated (i.e. hatchery) individuals. To assess the importance of selective mortality related to production type (hatchery vs. naturally produced) and size at and timing of marine entry, we compared attributes of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the upper Columbia River summer- and fall-run genetic stock group captured in the Columbia River estuary with back-calculated attributes of survivors captured in marine waters. We used genetic stock identification, otolith chemistry and structure, and physical tags to determine stock of origin, size at and timing of marine entry, and production type. Fish emigrated from fresh water in May to September and the majority of fish collected in the estuary (87%) had arrived within 3 d of capture. In 1 of 2 yr, timing of marine entry for both production types differed between the estuary and ocean: the ocean catch included a greater proportion of juveniles that emigrated in late July than the estuary catch. There was no evidence of selective mortality of smaller juveniles during early marine residence in hatchery or natural juveniles, but the mean percentage (+/- SE) of hatchery fish in ocean collections was 16 +/- 5.8% less than in the estuary, which could indicate reduced survival compared to naturally produced fish. Results from this study highlight the need to understand the effects of hatchery rearing and how hatchery propagation may influence survival during later critical life-history transitions. C1 [Claiborne, Andrew M.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Teel, David J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC 98366 USA. [Emmett, Robert L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. RP Claiborne, AM (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way North, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM andrew.claiborne@dfw.wa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries; Mamie Markham Research Award; Washington County Flyfishers; Flyfishers Club of Oregon; Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife FX This study would not have been possible without the many scientists who meticulously collected the estuary and ocean data used in this study, and Cindy Bucher, Paul Hoffarth, and Todd Miller who provided otolith collections. We thank those who reviewed this manuscript internally and the 3 anonymous reviewers, associate editor, and editor who provided valuable critique and greatly improved this paper. This research was supported by the Bonneville Power Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries; The Mamie Markham Research Award; Washington County Flyfishers; the Flyfishers Club of Oregon; and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. This research was conducted under Oregon scientific research permits OR15374, OR 16308, OR15408, OR16408, and Washington scientific research permits WA10-160, WA11-045 and NOAA Fisheries Service ESA Permit 1410 and 1290-7R. NR 86 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 515 BP 187 EP 202 DI 10.3354/meps10963 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AU6HD UT WOS:000345703500015 ER PT J AU Kraus, J Reichelt, R Gunther, S Gregoratti, L Amati, M Kiskinova, M Yulaev, A Vlassiouk, I Kolmakov, A AF Kraus, Juergen Reichelt, Robert Guenther, Sebastian Gregoratti, Luca Amati, Matteo Kiskinova, Maya Yulaev, Alexander Vlassiouk, Ivan Kolmakov, Andrei TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of wet and gaseous samples through graphene membranes SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; AMBIENT-PRESSURE; EMISSION MICROSCOPY; RADIATION-DAMAGE; HIGH-QUALITY; 1 MBAR; PHOTOEMISSION; INTERFACES; SURFACES; LIQUID AB Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and microscopy are highly important for exploring morphologically and chemically complex liquid-gas, solid-liquid and solid-gas interfaces under realistic conditions, but the very small electron mean free path inside dense media imposes serious experimental challenges. Currently, near ambient pressure PES is conducted using dexterously designed electron energy analyzers coupled with differentially pumped electron lenses which make it possible to conduct PES measurements at a few hPa. This report proposes an alternative ambient pressure approach that can be applied to a broad class of samples and be implemented in conventional PES instruments. It uses ultrathin electron transparent but molecular impermeable membranes to isolate the high pressure sample environment from the high vacuum PES detection system. We demonstrate that the separating graphene membrane windows are both mechanically robust and sufficiently transparent for electrons in a wide energy range to allow soft X-ray PES of liquid and gaseous water. The performed proof-of-principle experiments confirm the possibility to probe vacuum-incompatible toxic or reactive samples placed inside such hermetic, gas flow or fluidic environmental cells. C1 [Kraus, Juergen; Reichelt, Robert; Guenther, Sebastian] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, D-85748 Garching, Germany. [Gregoratti, Luca; Amati, Matteo; Kiskinova, Maya] Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, I-34149 Trieste, Italy. [Yulaev, Alexander] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vlassiouk, Ivan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yulaev, Alexander; Kolmakov, Andrei] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kolmakov, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrei.kolmakov@nist.gov RI Vlassiouk, Ivan/F-9587-2010; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Vlassiouk, Ivan/0000-0002-5494-0386; Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [GU 521/2-1] FX The suggestions and comments from Drs N. Zhitenev, Ch. Brown, D. Meier, R. Sharma and C. Powell (all at NIST) are greatly acknowledged. This work made extensive use of NIST SRD-82 EAL and NIST-71 IMFP databases, for which the authors are thankful to Drs C. J. Powell and A. Jablonski. S. G. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the German Science Foundation (DFG, contract number GU 521/2-1). NR 66 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 5 U2 32 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2014 VL 6 IS 23 BP 14394 EP 14403 DI 10.1039/c4nr03561e PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AT5QR UT WOS:000344997600040 PM 25333337 ER PT J AU Beacham, TD Beamish, RJ Candy, JR Wallace, C Tucker, S Moss, JH Trudel, M AF Beacham, Terry D. Beamish, Richard J. Candy, John R. Wallace, Colin Tucker, Strahan Moss, Jamal H. Trudel, Marc TI Stock-Specific Migration Pathways of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in British Columbia Waters and in the Gulf of Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; NORTH-AMERICA; MARINE SURVIVAL; LIFE-HISTORY; PUGET-SOUND; COHO SALMON; WEST-COAST AB We outlined the route and relative timing of juvenile Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka migration by analyzing stock composition and relative CPUE in marine sampling conducted in coastal British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska. Variation at 14 microsatellites was analyzed for 10,500 juvenile Sockeye Salmon obtained from surveys conducted during 1996-2011. Using a 404-population baseline, we identified the sampled individuals to 47 populations or stocks of origin. Stock compositions of the mixtures increased in diversity in more northerly sampling locations, indicating a general northward movement of juveniles. The primary migration route of Columbia River and Washington stocks was northward along the west coast of Vancouver Island, with a majority of the juveniles subsequently migrating through Queen Charlotte Sound and Dixon Entrance. Fraser River stocks migrated principally through the Strait of Georgia and Johnstone Strait. Some Fraser River populations, such as the Cultus Lake population, appeared to spend little time rearing in the Strait of Georgia, as individuals from this population were primarily observed in July samples from Hecate Strait, Dixon Entrance, and Southeast Alaska. Other Fraser River populations, such as the Chilko Lake and Quesnel Lake populations, were widely distributed during July surveys, as they were observed from the Gulf of Alaska to the Strait of Georgia. For the British Columbia central coast and Owikeno Lake stocks, not all individuals migrated northward in the summer: some individuals were still present in local areas during the fall and winter after spring entry into the marine environment. Juvenile Fraser River Sockeye Salmon dominated the catch of juveniles at the Yakutat, Prince William Sound, Kodiak Island, and Alaska Peninsula sampling locations. There was a wide divergence among stocks in dispersion among sampling locations. C1 [Beacham, Terry D.; Beamish, Richard J.; Candy, John R.; Wallace, Colin; Tucker, Strahan; Trudel, Marc] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Moss, Jamal H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst,Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Beacham, TD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM terry.beacham@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Trudel, Marc/H-1955-2012 FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Genome British Columbia; Bonneville Power Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service; World Wildlife Fund FX We thank the captains and crews of the vessels W. E. Ricker, Ocean Selector, Frosti, and Northwest Explorer for conducting sampling operations, and we thank numerous staff for their assistance during sampling. Staff of the Molecular Genetics Laboratory at the Pacific Biological Station conducted the DNA analysis. R. Sweeting provided CPUE results for the Strait of Georgia, and S. Johnson provided access to some 2010 samples from the Strait of Georgia. Financial support for the study was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Space Agency, Genome British Columbia, Bonneville Power Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, and World Wildlife Fund. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Fisheries and Oceans Canada or the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1386 EP 1403 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.935476 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800002 ER PT J AU Eiler, JH Masuda, MM Spencer, TR Driscoll, RJ Schreck, CB AF Eiler, John H. Masuda, Michele M. Spencer, Ted R. Driscoll, Richard J. Schreck, Carl B. TI Distribution, Stock Composition and Timing, and Tagging Response of Wild Chinook Salmon Returning to a Large, Free-Flowing River Basin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID YUKON RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; BEHAVIORAL THERMOREGULATION; TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS; SPAWNING MIGRATIONS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; FISH REPRODUCTION; SOCKEYE-SALMON AB Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha returns to the Yukon River basin have declined dramatically since the late 1990s, and detailed information on the spawning distribution, stock structure, and stock timing is needed to better manage the run and facilitate conservation efforts. A total of 2,860 fish were radio-tagged in the lower basin during 2002-2004 and tracked upriver. Fish traveled to spawning areas throughout the basin, ranging from several hundred to over 3,000 km from the tagging site. Similar distribution patterns were observed across years, suggesting that the major components of the run were identified. Daily and seasonal composition estimates were calculated for the component stocks. The run was dominated by two regional components comprising over 70% of the return. Substantially fewer fish returned to other areas, ranging from 2% to 9% of the return, but their collective contribution was appreciable. Most regional components consisted of several principal stocks and a number of small, spatially isolated populations. Regional and stock composition estimates were similar across years even though differences in run abundance were reported, suggesting that the differences in abundance were not related to regional or stock-specific variability. Run timing was relatively compressed compared with that in rivers in the southern portion of the species' range. Most stocks passed through the lower river over a 6-week period, ranging in duration from 16 to 38 d. Run timing was similar for middle-and upper-basin stocks, limiting the use of timing information for management. The lower-basin stocks were primarily later-run fish. Although differences were observed, there was general agreement between our composition and timing estimates and those from other assessment projects within the basin, suggesting that the telemetry-based estimates provided a plausible approximation of the return. However, the short duration of the run, complex stock structure, and similar stock timing complicate management of Yukon River returns. C1 [Eiler, John H.; Masuda, Michele M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Spencer, Ted R.; Driscoll, Richard J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. [Schreck, Carl B.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Eiler, JH (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM john.eiler@noaa.gov FU U.S.-Canada Yukon River Treaty Implementation Fund; Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative Fund; Alaska Department of Fish and Game; National Marine Fisheries Service FX Primary funding for this study was provided by the U.S.-Canada Yukon River Treaty Implementation Fund, Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim Sustainable Salmon Initiative Fund, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, and National Marine Fisheries Service. Supplemental support was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Bureau of Land Management, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bering Sea Fisherman's Association, Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association, National Park Service, and the Restoration and Enhancement Fund of the Yukon River Panel. We thank the many people that assisted with field work, including agency personnel and local fishers from Russian Mission and Marshall. We are particularly grateful to R. Brown, B. Mercer, C. Osborne, and C. Stark for their assistance with fish tracking and spawning ground recoveries. Technical support for the telemetry component of the study was provided by N. Christensen, L. Kuechle, A. Mayer, and R. Reichle. J. Pella was instrumental in the development of the stock composition analysis. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. Reference to trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 97 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1476 EP 1507 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.959997 PG 32 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800009 ER PT J AU Kahn, JE Hager, C Watterson, JC Russo, J Moore, K Hartman, K AF Kahn, J. E. Hager, C. Watterson, J. C. Russo, J. Moore, K. Hartman, K. TI Atlantic Sturgeon Annual Spawning Run Estimate in the Pamunkey River, Virginia SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ALTAMAHA RIVER; NEW-YORK; STOCK; FISHERY; GEORGIA AB On February 6, 2012, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed five distinct population segments (DPSs) of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus encompassing their entire U.S. range, including one DPS in Chesapeake Bay, as either threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Designation of DPSs is a management tool that identifies significant, discrete, geographically defined portions of a species' range, which can be listed as unique management units. At the time of listing, all DPSs except the Chesapeake Bay DPS comprised several rivers with known reproduction. After the Chesapeake Bay DPS was established, an additional spawning population was confirmed in the Pamunkey River, which is part of the York River system. We used the Schumacher-Eschmeyer formula for multiple census to estimate the number of adult Atlantic Sturgeon that spawned in the Pamunkey River during 2013. Gill nets were placed between river kilometers 27 and 67 in the upper Pamunkey River for 10 weeks during spawning season. The Schumacher-Eschmeyer model gave an estimate of 75 adult Atlantic Sturgeon (95% confidence interval = 17-168 adults) for the 2013 spawning population. This study represents the first estimate of annual spawning population abundance for any river in the Chesapeake Bay DPS and is only the third estimate of Atlantic Sturgeon abundance rangewide. C1 [Kahn, J. E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hager, C.; Russo, J.] Chesapeake Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Watterson, J. C.] US Dept Navy, Naval Facil Engn Command, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Moore, K.] Pamunkey Tribal Govt, King William, VA 23086 USA. [Hartman, K.] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Kahn, JE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jason.kahn@noaa.gov FU U.S. Navy FX This research was aided by the support and assistance of Kevin Brown (chief of the Pamunkey Tribe), William Tyler (private landowner and sturgeon research supporter), and Albert Spells (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). We are grateful to the U.S. Navy for providing personnel and funds for the telemetry tags and receivers and to NMFS for providing personnel and issuing ESA sampling permits (Permit Number 16547). State sampling permits were issued by the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries (Permit Number 045061) and the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (Permit Number 12-059 [renewed]). NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1508 EP 1514 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.945661 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800010 ER PT J AU McMillan, JR Pess, GR McHenry, ML Moses, R Quinn, TP AF McMillan, John R. Pess, George R. McHenry, Michael L. Moses, Raymond Quinn, Thomas P. TI Documentation of Unusual, Fall Spawning by Coastal Cutthroat Trout in the Elwha River System, Washington SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALMO-GAIRDNERI; CHINOOK SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; DAM REMOVAL; BROWN TROUT; STREAM; POPULATION; COHO; LAKE; TEMPERATURE AB The timing of breeding is a key trait, reflecting selective forces acting on the adults and offspring in the population, contributing to reproductive isolation, and affecting the population's success during rapid environmental change. Salmon and trout populations vary greatly in the peak and range of breeding dates, and timing is a defining trait for salmonid populations. This study reports the occurrence and details of spawning by Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii in Indian Creek in the Elwha River, Washington, in October and November. This is unusually early in the season for this characteristically spring-spawning species and is much earlier than conspecifics elsewhere in the river system and the region. We hypothesize that the stream's low gradient and lake-dampened hydrologic regime reduced the depth of gravel scouring in the fall, and thus permitted the evolution of such an early breeding date by these small-bodied (ca. 20-35 cm) fish. The exclusion of otherwise sympatric, fall-spawning Coho Salmon O. kisutch for the past century from the habitat by Elwha Dam may also have contributed to this adaptation, and the recolonization by the larger and later-spawning Coho Salmon may have affected the Coastal Cutthroat Trout through redd disturbance. C1 [McMillan, John R.; Pess, George R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McHenry, Michael L.; Moses, Raymond] Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe, Dept Fisheries, Port Angeles, WA 98363 USA. [Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP McMillan, JR (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.mcmillan@noaa.gov FU Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington [NA10OAR4170075, R/LME-7] FX We thank Wilson Wells, Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe (LEKT), for his assistance in field work, Randall McCoy, LEKT, for his GIS expertise in drafting the Indian Creek map, Sam Brenkman, Olympic National Park, for sharing his knowledge of Cutthroat Trout, and Polly Hicks, NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC), for support. Funding was partly provided through a grant to Thomas Quinn from Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, pursuant to NOAA Award NA10OAR4170075, Project R/LME-7. We also thank Sarah Morley, Todd Bennett, and Phil Roni at NOAA-NWFSC and the anonymous reviewers and the journal's editorial staff for reviews and suggestions that improved the manuscript. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 6 BP 1605 EP 1611 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.963255 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AU6IK UT WOS:000345706800019 ER PT J AU Wicksten, MK Nuttall, MF Hickerson, EL AF Wicksten, Mary K. Nuttall, Marissa F. Hickerson, Emma L. TI Crustaceans from antipatharians on banks of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico SO ZOOKEYS LA English DT Article DE Anomura; Caridea; Cirripedia; Antipatharia; Gulf of Mexico ID PONTONIINE SHRIMPS DECAPODA; ECOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; BLACK CORALS; PALAEMONIDAE; ATLANTIC; CARIDEA; ISLANDS; GENUS AB The stalked barnacle Oxynaspis gracilis, the chirostylid squat lobster Uroptychus sp., and the caridean shrimps Periclimenes of antipathophilus and Pseudopontonides principis have been collected at 68-124 m by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) on banks in the northern Gulf of Mexico. These species inhabited six species of antipatharian hosts. Pseudopontonides principis, O. gracilis, and U. sp. were not confined to a single host species. Except for O. gracilis, collected by ROV in 2004-2005, these species have not been reported previously in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Wicksten, Mary K.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Nuttall, Marissa F.; Hickerson, Emma L.] Flower Gardens Banks Natl Marine Sanctuary, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Wicksten, MK (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Wicksten@bio.tamu.edu FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program (DSCRTP); United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston; Erma Lee and Luke Mooney Graduate Student Travel Grant FX We thank Richard Heard, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, for sharing information on P. antipathophilus, Les Wilk, ReefNet Inc., Mississauga, Canada, for sharing photographs of Pseudopontonides principis, and Darryl Felder, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, for sharing his records of Uroptychus sp. Larry Griffing, Texas A&M University, took the photograph used in Figure 2; and Texas A&M University at Galveston allowed the use of the scanning electron microscope. Research partners that assisted in the collection of these samples included the University of North Carolina at Wilmington Undersea Vehicle Program (UNCW UVP) and the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON). The study was funded in part by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Deep Sea Coral Research and Technology Program (DSCRTP), the United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM), and a mini-grant from the Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston; and an Erma Lee and Luke Mooney Graduate Student Travel Grant. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU PENSOFT PUBL PI SOFIA PA GEO MILEV STR 13A, SOFIA, 1111, BULGARIA SN 1313-2989 EI 1313-2970 J9 ZOOKEYS JI ZooKeys PY 2014 IS 457 SI SI BP 45 EP 53 DI 10.3897/zookeys.457.6280 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AU5BD UT WOS:000345621200004 PM 25561830 ER PT S AU Shin, SJ Woo, J Rachuri, S AF Shin, Seung-Jun Woo, Jungyub Rachuri, Sudarsan BE Lien, TK TI Predictive analytics model for power consumption in manufacturing SO 21ST CIRP CONFERENCE ON LIFE CYCLE ENGINEERING SE Procedia CIRP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering (CIRP LCE) CY JUN 18-20, 2014 CL Trondheim, NORWAY SP CIRP DE Sustainable manufacturing; Sustainability indicator; Big data; STEP-NC; MTConnect; Machine learning AB A Smart Manufacturing (SM) system should be capable of handling high volume data, processing high velocity data and manipulating high variety data. Big data analytics can enable timely and accurate insights using machine learning and predictive analytics to make better decisions. The objective of this paper is to present big data analytics modeling in the metal cutting industry. This paper includes: 1) identification of manufacturing data to be analyzed, 2) design of a functional architecture for deriving analytic models, and 3) design of an analytic model to predict a sustainability performance especially power consumption, using the big data infrastructure. A prototype system has been developed for this proof-of-concept, using open platform solutions including MapReduce, Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), and a machine-learning tool. To derive a cause-effect relationship of the analytic model, STEP-NC (a standard that enables the exchange of design-to-manufacturing data, especially machining) plan data and MTConnect machine monitoring data are used for a cause factor and an effect factor, respectively. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Shin, Seung-Jun; Woo, Jungyub; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shin, SJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM seungjun.shin@nist.gov NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-8271 J9 PROC CIRP PY 2014 VL 15 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1016/j.procir.2014.06.036 PG 6 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BB7EG UT WOS:000345432400027 ER PT S AU Wietfeldt, FE Darius, G Dewey, MS Fomin, N Greene, GL Mulholland, J Snow, WM Yue, AT AF Wietfeldt, F. E. Darius, G. Dewey, M. S. Fomin, N. Greene, G. L. Mulholland, J. Snow, W. M. Yue, A. T. BE Theroine, C Pignol, G Soldner, T TI A path to a 0.1 s neutron lifetime measurement using the beam method SO ESS SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM ON NEUTRON PARTICLE PHYSICS AT LONG PULSE SPALLATION SOURCES (NPPATLPS 2013) SE Physics Procedia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ESS Science Symposium on Neutron Particle Physics at Long-Pulse Spallation Sources (NPPatLPS) CY MAR 25-27, 2013 CL Lab Phys Subatomique & Cosmologie, Grenoble, FRANCE SP European Spallat Source HO Lab Phys Subatomique & Cosmologie DE neutron lifetime; neutron decay; beta decay ID PHYSICS AB The beam method obtains the beta decay lifetime of the free neutron from the specific activity of a slow neutron beam. The best previous result had an overall uncertainty of 3.4 s [Nico, et al. (2005)]. We present a plan for a phased experimental program that will improve the overall uncertainty using this method to 0.1 s or below and may help elucidate systematic effects that could explain the current disagreement between the most recent beam and bottle method neutron lifetime experiments. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Wietfeldt, F. E.; Darius, G.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Dewey, M. S.; Yue, A. T.] Nat Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Fomin, N.; Greene, G. L.; Mulholland, J.] Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. [Greene, G. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Mulholland, J.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN USA. [Yue, A. T.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wietfeldt, FE (reprint author), Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM few@tulane.edu NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1875-3892 J9 PHYSCS PROC PY 2014 VL 51 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.phpro.2013.12.013 PG 5 WC Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA BB7EL UT WOS:000345438700010 ER PT J AU Leite, MS Ruzmetov, D Li, ZP Bendersky, LA Bartelt, NC Kolmakov, A Talin, AA AF Leite, Marina S. Ruzmetov, Dmitry Li, Zhipeng Bendersky, Leonid A. Bartelt, Norman C. Kolmakov, Andrei Talin, A. Alec TI Insights into capacity loss mechanisms of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries with Al anodes SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIATION; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; LITHIUM; ALUMINUM; DIFFUSION; SILICON; DELITHIATION; SYSTEM AB The atomistic mechanism for lithiation/delithiation in all-solid-state batteries is still an open question, and the 'holy grail' to engineer devices with extended lifetime. Here, by combining real-time scanning electron microscopy in ultra-high vacuum with electrochemical cycling, we quantify the dynamic degradation of Al anodes in Li-ion all-solid-state batteries, a promising alternative for ultra lightweight devices. We find that AlLi alloy mounds are formed on the top surface of the Al anode and that degradation of battery capacity occurs because of Li trapped in them. Our approach establishes a new platform for probing the real-time degradation of electrodes, and can be expanded to other complex systems, allowing for high throughput characterization of batteries with nanoscale resolution. C1 [Leite, Marina S.] Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Leite, Marina S.; Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Kolmakov, Andrei; Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leite, Marina S.; Ruzmetov, Dmitry] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Zhipeng; Bendersky, Leonid A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bartelt, Norman C.; Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA USA. RP Leite, MS (reprint author), Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mleite@umd.edu RI Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160] FX The authors acknowledge N. Zhitenev and N. Hudak for fruitful discussions, J. Schumacher for FIB-ed sample preparation for TEM measurements and Nanofab at CNST. MSL and DR acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. This work was partially supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NCB was supported by the DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. AAT acknowledges partial support for data analysis and writing of the manuscript by Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DESC0001160. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 75 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2014 VL 2 IS 48 BP 20552 EP 20559 DI 10.1039/c4ta03716b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AU3RL UT WOS:000345531200019 ER PT S AU Moody, D Perlner, R Smith-Tone, D AF Moody, Dustin Perlner, Ray Smith-Tone, Daniel BE Mosca, M TI An Asymptotically Optimal Structural Attack on the ABC Multivariate Encryption Scheme SO POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY, PQCRYPTO 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQCrypto) CY OCT 01-03, 2014 CL Waterloo, CANADA SP CryptoWorks21, Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Microsoft Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Fields Inst Res Math Sci, Tutte Inst Math & Comp DE multivariate public key cryptography; differential; invariant; encryption ID PKCS; TTS AB Historically, multivariate public key cryptography has been less than successful at offering encryption schemes which are both secure and efficient. At PQCRYPTO '13 in Limoges, Tao, Diene, Tang, and Ding introduced a promising new multivariate encryption algorithm based on a fundamentally new idea: hiding the structure of a large matrix algebra over a finite field. We present an attack based on subspace differential invariants inherent to this methodology. The attack is a structural key recovery attack which is asymptotically optimal among all known attacks (including algebraic attacks) on the original scheme and its generalizations. C1 [Moody, Dustin; Perlner, Ray; Smith-Tone, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moody, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dustin.moody@nist.gov; ray.perlner@nist.gov; daniel.smith@nist.gov NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-11659-4; 978-3-319-11658-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8772 BP 180 EP 196 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB7GG UT WOS:000345511100011 ER PT S AU Perlner, R AF Perlner, Ray BE Mosca, M TI Optimizing Information Set Decoding Algorithms to Attack Cyclosymmetric MDPC Codes SO POST-QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY, PQCRYPTO 2014 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQCrypto) CY OCT 01-03, 2014 CL Waterloo, CANADA SP CryptoWorks21, Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Microsoft Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Fields Inst Res Math Sci, Tutte Inst Math & Comp DE information set decoding; code-based cryptography; moderate density parity check (MDPC) codes; cyclosymmetric ID KEYS AB Recently, several promising approaches have been proposed to reduce keysizes for code based cryptography using structured, but non-algebraic codes, such as quasi-cyclic (QC) Moderate Density Parity Check (MDPC) codes. Biasi et al. propose further reducing the keysizes of code-based schemes using cyclosymmetric (CS) codes. While Biasi et al. analyze the complexity of attacking their scheme using standard information-set-decoding algorithms, the research presented here shows that information set decoding algorithms can be improved, by choosing the columns of the information set in a way that takes advantage of the added symmetry. The result is an attack that significantly reduces the security of the proposed CS-MDPC schemes to the point that they no longer offer an advantage in keysize over QC-MDPC schemes of the same security level. QC-MDPC schemes are not affected by this paper's result. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Perlner, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ray.perlner@nist.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-11659-4; 978-3-319-11658-7 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8772 BP 220 EP 228 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB7GG UT WOS:000345511100013 ER PT S AU Ivezic, N Kulvatunyou, B Srinivasan, V AF Ivezic, Nenad Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Srinivasan, Vijay BE Roy, R Tomiyama, T Tiwari, A Tracht, K Shahab, E Shaw, A TI On architecting and composing through-life engineering information services to enable smart manufacturing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE IN THROUGH-LIFE ENGINEERING SERVICES SE Procedia CIRP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Through-life Engineering Services (TESConf) CY NOV 04-05, 2014 CL Cranfield Univ, Cranfield, ENGLAND SP CIRP, DMG MORI HO Cranfield Univ DE Through-life engineering; information services; standards; architectures; service composition; SOA AB Engineering information systems play an important role in the current era of digitization of manufacturing, which is also known as smart manufacturing. Traditionally, these engineering information systems spanned the lifecycle of a product by providing interoperability of software subsystems through a combination of open and proprietary exchange of data. But research and development efforts are underway to replace this paradigm with engineering information services that can be composed dynamically to meet changing needs in the operation of smart manufacturing systems. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges in architecting such engineering information services and composing them to enable smart manufacturing. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ivezic, Nenad; Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Srinivasan, Vijay] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Srinivasan, V (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2212-8271 J9 PROC CIRP PY 2014 VL 22 BP 45 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.procir.2014.07.004 PG 8 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BB7FL UT WOS:000345451600006 ER PT J AU Pena, M Toth, Z AF Pena, Malaquias Toth, Zoltan TI Estimation of analysis and forecast error variances SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE uncertainty of analysis; forecast verification; estimation methods; data assimilation; ensemble forecasts ID DATA ASSIMILATION; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; WEATHER PREDICTION; STATISTICS; NCEP; VERIFICATION; RESOLUTION; SYSTEMS; GROWTH; SPACE AB Accurate estimates of error variances in numerical analyses and forecasts (i.e. difference between analysis or forecast fields and nature on the resolved scales) are critical for the evaluation of forecasting systems, the tuning of data assimilation (DA) systems and the proper initialisation of ensemble forecasts. Errors in observations and the difficulty in their estimation, the fact that estimates of analysis errors derived via DA schemes, are influenced by the same assumptions as those used to create the analysis fields themselves, and the presumed but unknown correlation between analysis and forecast errors make the problem difficult. In this paper, an approach is introduced for the unbiased estimation of analysis and forecast errors. The method is independent of any assumption or tuning parameter used in DA schemes. The method combines information from differences between forecast and analysis fields ('perceived forecast errors') with prior knowledge regarding the time evolution of (1) forecast error variance and (2) correlation between errors in analyses and forecasts. The quality of the error estimates, given the validity of the prior relationships, depends on the sample size of independent measurements of perceived errors. In a simulated forecast environment, the method is demonstrated to reproduce the true analysis and forecast error within predicted error bounds. The method is then applied to forecasts from four leading numerical weather prediction centres to assess the performance of their corresponding DA and modelling systems. Error variance estimates are qualitatively consistent with earlier studies regarding the performance of the forecast systems compared. The estimated correlation between forecast and analysis errors is found to be a useful diagnostic of the performance of observing and DA systems. In case of significant model-related errors, a methodology to decompose initial value and model-related forecast errors is also proposed and successfully demonstrated. C1 [Pena, Malaquias] NOAA, IMSG Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Toth, Zoltan] NOAA, Global Syst Div, ESRL, OAR, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pena, M (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG Environm Modeling Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM malaquias.pena.mendez@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2014 VL 66 AR 21767 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v66.21767 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AU4CO UT WOS:000345556700001 ER PT J AU Lebo, ZJ Feingold, G AF Lebo, Z. J. Feingold, G. TI On the relationship between responses in cloud water and precipitation to changes in aerosol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED NONPRECIPITATING STRATOCUMULUS; MESOSCALE CELLULAR STRUCTURES; SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; SATELLITE DATA; TRADE CUMULUS; OPEN CELLS; PART I; DRIZZLE AB Climate models continue to exhibit strong sensitivity to the representation of aerosol effects on cloud reflectance and cloud amount. This paper evaluates a proposed method to constrain modeled cloud liquid water path (LWP) adjustments in response to changes in aerosol concentration N-a using observations of precipitation susceptibility. Recent climate modeling has suggested a linear relationship between relative LWP responses to relative changes in N-a, i.e., dlnLWP/dln N-a, and the precipitation frequency susceptibility S-pop, which is defined as the relative change in the probability of precipitation for a relative change in N-a. Using large-eddy simulations (LES) of marine stratocumulus and trade wind cumulus clouds, we show that these two cloud regimes exhibit qualitatively different relationships between lambda and S-pop; in stratocumulus clouds, lambda increases with S-pop, while in trade wind cumulus, lambda decreases with S-pop. The LES-derived relationship for marine stratocumulus is qualitatively similar but quantitatively different than that derived from climate model simulations of oceanic clouds aggregated over much larger spatial scales. We explore possible reasons for variability in these relationships, including the selected precipitation threshold and the various definitions of precipitation susceptibility that are currently in use. Because aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions are inherently small-scale processes, we recommend that when deriving the relationship between lambda and S-pop, careful attention be given to the cloud regime, the scale, and the extent of aggregation of the model output or the observed data. C1 [Lebo, Z. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lebo, Z. J.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lebo, ZJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zach.lebo@noaa.gov RI Lebo, Zachary/N-3374-2014; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lebo, Zachary/0000-0002-1064-4833; FU Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research Program; NOAA's Climate Goal FX The authors thank the Department of Energy's Atmospheric System Research Program and NOAA's Climate Goal for funding. Hongli Jiang is thanked for providing the RICO simulations. NR 49 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 21 BP 11817 EP 11831 DI 10.5194/acp-14-11817-2014 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT5LY UT WOS:000344985700015 ER PT J AU You, Y Kanawade, VP de Gouw, JA Guenther, AB Madronich, S Sierra-Hernandez, MR Lawler, M Smith, JN Takahama, S Ruggeri, G Koss, A Olson, K Baumann, K Weber, RJ Nenes, A Guo, H Edgerton, ES Porcelli, L Brune, WH Goldstein, AH Lee, SH AF You, Y. Kanawade, V. P. de Gouw, J. A. Guenther, A. B. Madronich, S. Sierra-Hernandez, M. R. Lawler, M. Smith, J. N. Takahama, S. Ruggeri, G. Koss, A. Olson, K. Baumann, K. Weber, R. J. Nenes, A. Guo, H. Edgerton, E. S. Porcelli, L. Brune, W. H. Goldstein, A. H. Lee, S. -H. TI Atmospheric amines and ammonia measured with a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; THERMODYNAMIC-EQUILIBRIUM MODEL; PRIMARY ALIPHATIC-AMINES; SULFURIC-ACID; PARTICLE-PHASE; BOREAL FOREST; NUCLEATION; GAS; AIR; TRIMETHYLAMINE AB We report measurements of ambient amines and ammonia with a fast response chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) in a southeastern US forest and a moderately polluted midwestern site during the summer. At the forest site, mostly C3-amines (from pptv to tens of pptv) and ammonia (up to 2 ppbv) were detected, and they both showed temperature dependencies. Aerosol-phase amines measured thermal-desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometer (TDCIMS) showed a higher mass fraction in the evening with cooler temperatures and lower in the afternoon with warmer temperatures, a trend opposite to the gas-phase amines. Concentrations of aerosol-phase primary amines measured with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) from micron and submicron particles were 2 orders of magnitude higher than the gas-phase amines. These results indicate that gas to particle conversion is one of the major processes that control the ambient amine concentrations at this forest site. Temperature dependencies of C3-amines and ammonia also imply reversible processes of evaporation of these nitrogen-containing compounds from soil surfaces in daytime and deposition to soil surfaces at nighttime. During the transported biomass burning plume events, various amines (C1-C6) appeared at the pptv level, indicating that biomass burning is a substantial source of amines in the southeastern US. At the moderately polluted Kent site, there were higher concentrations of C1- to C6-amines (pptv to tens of pptv) and ammonia (up to 6 ppbv). C1- to C3-amines and ammonia were well correlated with the ambient temperature. C4- to C6-amines showed frequent spikes during the nighttime, suggesting that they were emitted from local sources. These abundant amines and ammonia may in part explain the frequent new particle formation events reported from Kent. Higher amine concentrations measured at the polluted site than at the rural forested site highlight the importance of constraining anthropogenic emission sources of amines. C1 [You, Y.; Porcelli, L.; Lee, S. -H.] Kent State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Kanawade, V. P.] Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. [Kanawade, V. P.] Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Ctr Environm Sci & Engn, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. [de Gouw, J. A.; Koss, A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Guenther, A. B.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Guenther, A. B.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Madronich, S.; Lawler, M.; Smith, J. N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sierra-Hernandez, M. R.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lawler, M.; Smith, J. N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Takahama, S.; Ruggeri, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Ingn Environm, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Olson, K.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Baumann, K.; Edgerton, E. S.] Atmospher Res & Anal Inc, Morrisville Cary, NC USA. [Weber, R. J.; Nenes, A.; Guo, H.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Nenes, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brune, W. H.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM slee19@kent.edu RI Koss, Abigail/B-5421-2015; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Kanawade, Vijay/0000-0001-5611-3029; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Takahama, Satoshi/0000-0002-3335-8741 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1137821, AGS 1241498]; NSF; Swiss National Science Foundation [SNF 200021_143298] FX We acknowledge funding support from National Science Foundation (NSF, AGS-1137821, AGS 1241498) for SHL; NSF for AN, HG, and RW; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF 200021_143298) for ST. SHL also thanks Greg Huey, Dave Tanner, Huan Yu and Dave Benson for helpful conversations on CIMS; Janek Uin for assistance on the data reduction; Greg Frost and Charles Blanchard for discussions on ammonia emissions; Jessica Gilman and Brian Lerner for help with the gas chromatography measurements. NR 73 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 15 U2 87 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 22 BP 12181 EP 12194 DI 10.5194/acp-14-12181-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU0CL UT WOS:000345290700012 ER PT J AU Dinh, T Fueglistaler, S Durran, D Ackerman, T AF Dinh, T. Fueglistaler, S. Durran, D. Ackerman, T. TI Cirrus and water vapour transport in the tropical tropopause layer - Part 2: Roles of ice nucleation and sedimentation, cloud dynamics, and moisture conditions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID UPPER BOUNDARY-CONDITION; STRATOSPHERIC WATER; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; DEHYDRATION; HUMIDITY; EQUATION; CLIMATE; MODELS; TRENDS AB A high-resolution, two-dimensional numerical model is used to study the moisture redistribution following homogeneous ice nucleation induced by Kelvin waves in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). We compare results for dry/moist initial conditions and three levels of complexity for the representation of cloud processes: complete microphysics and cloud radiative effects, likewise but without radiative effects, and instantaneous removal of moisture in excess of saturation upon nucleation. Cloud evolution and moisture redistribution are found to be sensitive to initial conditions and cloud processes. Ice sedimentation leads to a downward flux of water, whereas the cloud radiative heating induces upward advection of the cloudy air. The latter results in an upward (downward) flux of water vapour if the cloudy air is moister (drier) than the environment, which is typically when the environment is subsaturated (supersaturated). Only a fraction (similar to 25% or less) of the cloud experiences nucleation. Post-nucleation processes (ice depositional growth, sedimentation, and sublimation) are important to cloud morphology, and both dehydrated and hydrated layers may be indicators of TTL cirrus occurrence. The calculation with instantaneous removal of moisture not only misses the hydration but also underestimates dehydration due to (i) nucleation before reaching the minimum saturation mixing ratio, and (ii) lack of moisture removal from sedimenting ice particles below the nucleation level. The sensitivity to initial conditions and cloud processes suggests that it is difficult to reach generic, quantitative estimates of cloud-induced moisture redistribution on the basis of case-by-case calculations. C1 [Dinh, T.; Fueglistaler, S.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Fueglistaler, S.; Durran, D.; Ackerman, T.] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Durran, D.; Ackerman, T.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Dinh, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM tdinh@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Dinh, Tra/L-5227-2013; Durran, Dale/G-3677-2015 OI Dinh, Tra/0000-0002-0144-2762; Durran, Dale/0000-0002-6390-2584 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; DOE grant [SC0006841]; NSF grant [AGS-1417659] FX We are grateful to Marat Khairoutdinov for sharing the System for Atmospheric Modeling, and Tak Yamaguchi for sharing the Lagrangian parcel-tracking model. We also would like to thank two anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped improve the manuscript. This research was supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, DOE grant SC0006841, and NSF grant AGS-1417659. NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 22 BP 12225 EP 12236 DI 10.5194/acp-14-12225-2014 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU0CL UT WOS:000345290700015 ER PT B AU Lehnert, KW AF Lehnert, Konrad W. BE Aspelmeyer, M Kippenberg, TJ Marquardt, F TI Introduction to Microwave Cavity Optomechanics SO CAVITY OPTOMECHANICS: NANO- AND MICROMECHANICAL RESONATORS INTERACTING WITH LIGHT SE Quantum Science and Technology LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE ANTENNA; MICROMECHANICAL RESONATOR; NANOMECHANICAL MOTION; QUANTUM LIMIT; BACK-ACTION; SUPERCONDUCTING QUBIT; MECHANICAL RESONATOR; RADIATION-PRESSURE; GROUND-STATE; TRANSDUCER AB In this chapter, I introduce the concepts of electromechanical superconducting resonant circuits, a topic known as microwave cavity optomechanics. As part of that introduction, I will provide: a review of the field's development, a discussion of its relationship to "optical" cavity optomechanics, and a description of its current progress. In addition, I derive in pedagogical detail the classical dynamics of a mechanical oscillator parametrically coupled to a resonant circuit. Finally, I show that the cavity optomechanical Hamiltonian is the quantum description for a such an electromechanical circuit. C1 [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lehnert, Konrad W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lehnert, KW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM konrad.lehnert@jila.colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-642-55312-7; 978-3-642-55311-0 J9 QUANT SCI TECH PY 2014 BP 233 EP 252 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-55312-7_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-55312-7 PG 20 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BB6FN UT WOS:000344745800012 ER PT B AU Ohring, G Romanov, P Ferraro, R Heidinger, A Laszlo, I Zou, CZ Foster, M AF Ohring, George Romanov, Peter Ferraro, Ralph Heidinger, Andrew Laszlo, Istvan Zou, Cheng-Zhi Foster, Mike BE Ohring, G TI Satellite Observations of North American Climate Change SO CLIMATE CHANGE IN NORTH AMERICA SE Regional Climate Studies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE TRENDS; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; PRECIPITATION RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; INTERACTIVE MULTISENSOR SNOW; RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; TOTAL SOLAR IRRADIANCE; SEA-ICE CONCENTRATION; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; TIME-SERIES; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION C1 [Ohring, George; Ferraro, Ralph; Laszlo, Istvan; Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Romanov, Peter] CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Foster, Mike] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Ohring, G (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM george.ohring@gmail.com RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 216 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND BN 978-3-319-03768-4; 978-3-319-03767-7 J9 REG CLIM STUD PY 2014 BP 95 EP 165 DI 10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4_3 D2 10.1007/978-3-319-03768-4 PG 71 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BB6NU UT WOS:000344883100005 ER PT S AU Li, CR Wang, Q Cao, CY Shao, X Ma, LL Zhou, YS Qiu, S Li, JJ AF Li, Chuanrong Wang, Qi Cao, Changyong Shao, Xi Ma, Lingling Zhou, Yongsheng Qiu, Shi Li, Jianjian BE Ahmad, F TI A Fast Target Detection and Imaging Method for Compressive Sensing Earth Observation SO COMPRESSIVE SENSING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Compressive Sensing III CY MAY 07-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Digital micro mirror device (DMD); earth observation; compressive sensing; target detection; image resolution ID SPARSE REPRESENTATION AB The compressive sensing imaging technique, based on the realization of random measurement via active or passive devices (e.g., DMD), has attracted more and more attention. For imaging target of interest within large uniform scene (e.g., ships in the sea), high-resolution image was usually reconstructed and then used to detect targets, however the process is time-consuming, and moreover only part of the image consists of the targets of interest. In this paper, the stepwise multi-resolution fast target detection and imaging method through the combination of different numbers of DMD mirrors was explored. Low resolution image for larger area target searching and successively higher resolution image for smaller area containing the targets were reconstructed. Also, non-imaging fast target detection was realized based on the detector energy intensity, which includes the steps of rough target positioning by successively opening DMD blocks and accurate target positioning by adjusting the rough areas via intelligent search algorithm. Simulation experiments were carried out to compare the proposed method with traditional method. The result shows the area of the ships are accurately positioned without reconstructing the image by the proposed method and the multi-level scale imaging for suspect areas is realized. Compared with traditional target detection method from the reconstructed image, the proposed method not only highly enhances the measuring and reconstruction efficiency but also improves the positioning accuracy, which would be more significant for large area scene. C1 [Li, Chuanrong; Wang, Qi; Ma, Lingling; Zhou, Yongsheng; Li, Jianjian] Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Optoelect, Key Lab Quantitat Remote Sensing Informat Technol, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Wang, Qi; Li, Jianjian] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cao, Changyong; Li, Jianjian] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Appl & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Shao, Xi; Qiu, Shi] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD USA. RP Li, CR (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Acad Optoelect, Key Lab Quantitat Remote Sensing Informat Technol, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. RI Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU CAS/SAFEA; National High Technology Research and Development Program [2013AA121304, 2013AA1229-02/-03] FX This work was financially supported by the CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams and the National High Technology Research and Development Program ( 2013AA121304, 2013AA1229-02/- 03). NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-046-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9109 AR UNSP 91090T DI 10.1117/12.2050253 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB6UL UT WOS:000345035800024 ER PT S AU Wang, LY Zhang, MY Jajodia, S Singhal, A Albanese, M AF Wang, Lingyu Zhang, Mengyuan Jajodia, Sushil Singhal, Anoop Albanese, Massimiliano BE Kutylowski, M Vaidya, J TI Modeling Network Diversity for Evaluating the Robustness of Networks against Zero-Day Attacks SO COMPUTER SECURITY - ESORICS 2014, PT II SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security (ESORICS) CY SEP 07-11, 2014 CL Wroclaw Univ Technol, Wroclaw, POLAND HO Wroclaw Univ Technol DE Security Metrics; Diversity; Network Security; Zero Day Attack; Network Robustness ID DESIGN DIVERSITY; WEB SERVERS; SECURITY; VULNERABILITY; SYSTEM AB The interest in diversity as a security mechanism has recently been revived in various applications, such as Moving Target Defense (MTD), resisting worms in sensor networks, and improving the robustness of network routing. However, most existing efforts on formally modeling diversity have focused on a single system running diverse software replicas or variants. At a higher abstraction level, as a global property of the entire network, diversity and its impact on security have received limited attention. In this paper, we take the first step towards formally modeling network diversity as a security metric for evaluating the robustness of networks against potential zero day attacks. Specifically, we first devise a biodiversity-inspired metric based on the effective number of distinct resources. We then propose two complementary diversity metrics, based on the least and the average attacking efforts, respectively. Finally, we evaluate our algorithm and metrics through simulation. C1 [Wang, Lingyu; Zhang, Mengyuan] Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Jajodia, Sushil; Albanese, Massimiliano] George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. EM wang@ciise.concordia.ca; mengy_zh@ciise.concordia.ca; jajodia@gmu.edu; anoop.singhal@nist.gov; malbanes@gmu.edu OI Albanese, Massimiliano/0000-0002-2675-5810 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-13-1-0421, W911NF-091-0525, W911NF-13-1-0317]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0461, N00014-13-1-0703]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [60NANB14D060]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [N01035] FX The authors thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. The work of Sushil Jajodia and Massimiliano Albanese was partially supported by the Army Research Office under grants W911NF-13-1-0421, W911NF-091-0525, and W911NF-13-1-0317, and by the Office of Naval Research under grants N00014-12-1-0461 and N00014-13-1-0703. The work of Sushil Jajodia and Lingyu Wang was also supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under the grant 60NANB14D060. The work of Lingyu Wang and Mengyuan Zhang was also supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada under Discovery Grant N01035. Commercial products are identified in order to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the identified products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-319-11212-1; 978-3-319-11211-4 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2014 VL 8713 BP 494 EP 511 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BB6WZ UT WOS:000345090200028 ER PT S AU Albanese, M Jajodia, S Singhal, A Wang, LY AF Albanese, Massimiliano Jajodia, Sushil Singhal, Anoop Wang, Lingyu BE Obaidat, MS Filipe, J TI An Efficient Framework for Evaluating the Risk of Zero-Day Vulnerabilities SO E-BUSINESS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS, ICETE 2013 SE Communications in Computer and Information Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Joint Conference on e-Business and Telecommunications (ICETE) CY JUL 29-31, 2013 CL Reykjavik, ICELAND DE Zero-day attacks; Vulnerability analysis; Attack graphs ID ATTACK GRAPHS AB Computer systems are vulnerable to both known and zero-day attacks. Although known attack patterns can be easily modeled, thus enabling the definition of suitable hardening strategies, handling zero-day vulnerabilities is inherently difficult due to their unpredictable nature. Previous research has attempted to assess the risk associated with unknown attack patterns, and a metric to quantify such risk, the k-zero-day safety metric, has been defined. However, existing algorithms for computing this metric are not scalable, and assume that complete zero-day attack graphs have been generated, which may be unfeasible in practice for large networks. In this paper, we propose a framework comprising a suite of polynomial algorithms for estimating the k-zero-day safety of possibly large networks efficiently, without pre-computing the entire attack graph. We validate our approach experimentally, and show that the proposed solution is computationally efficient and accurate. C1 [Albanese, Massimiliano; Jajodia, Sushil] George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Jajodia, Sushil] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Lingyu] Concordia Univ, Concordia Inst Informat Syst Engn, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Jajodia, S (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Secure Informat Syst, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jaodia@gmu.edu OI Albanese, Massimiliano/0000-0002-2675-5810 FU National Institutes of Standard and Technology [70NANB12H236]; Army Research Office under MURI [W911NF-09-1-0525]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0461]; MITRE Sponsored Research Program FX The work presented in this paper is supported in part by the National Institutes of Standard and Technology under grant number 70NANB12H236, by the Army Research Office under MURI award number W911NF-09-1-0525, and by the Office of Naval Research under award number N00014-12-1-0461. The work of Sushil Jajodia was also supported by the MITRE Sponsored Research Program. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1865-0929 BN 978-3-662-44787-1 J9 COMM COM INF SC PY 2014 VL 456 BP 322 EP 340 DI 10.1007/978-3-662-44788-8_19 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BB7BB UT WOS:000345296600019 ER PT J AU Priddel, D Carlile, N Portelli, D Kim, Y O'Neill, L Bretagnolle, V Ballance, LT Phillips, RA Pitman, RL Rayner, MJ AF Priddel, David Carlile, Nicholas Portelli, Dean Kim, Yuna O'Neill, Lisa Bretagnolle, Vincent Ballance, Lisa T. Phillips, Richard A. Pitman, Robert L. Rayner, Matt J. TI Pelagic distribution of Gould's Petrel (Pterodroma leucoptera): linking shipboard and onshore observations with remote-tracking data SO EMU LA English DT Article DE at-sea sightings; foraging distribution; geographical separation of subspecies; geolocation; GLS logger; migration; New Caledonian Petrel ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; WESTERN INDIAN-OCEAN; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; NONBREEDING ALBATROSSES; SEABIRD; MOVEMENTS; MIGRATION; ISLANDS; GEOLOCATION; BEHAVIOR AB This study describes and compares the pelagic distribution and migratory patterns of the two subspecies of Gould's Petrel (Pterodroma leucoptera), and contrasts data obtained from tracking birds at sea using geolocators with observational data (shipboard sightings, by-catch records and beachcast specimens). While breeding, tracked individuals of both subspecies (P. l. leucoptera and P. l. caledonica) foraged within the Tasman Sea and south of the Australian continent, with forays west into the Indian Ocean before laying. After breeding, both subspecies migrated to distinct non-breeding ranges within the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Observational data identified the general pattern of migration and foraging areas of the species, whereas data from geolocators provided details of routes and timing of migration, core foraging ranges, and marked spatial and temporal segregation between the two subspecies. However, by attaching geolocators only to established breeders, as is typical of studies of small and medium-sized seabirds, these devices failed to identify that non-breeding birds (pre-breeders and adults that are deferring breeding) may not follow the same migratory schedules or have the same at-sea distribution. We conclude that integrating data from electronic tracking with observational data substantially improves our understanding of the pelagic distribution of seabird populations. C1 [Priddel, David; Carlile, Nicholas; O'Neill, Lisa] Off Environm & Heritage, Hurstville, NSW 2220, Australia. [Portelli, Dean] Univ New S Wales, Australian Wetlands Rivers & Landscape Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Kim, Yuna] Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. [Bretagnolle, Vincent] Ctr Etud Biol Chize, Ctr Natl Rech Sci, F-79360 Beauvoir Sur Niort, France. [Ballance, Lisa T.; Pitman, Robert L.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. [Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Rayner, Matt J.] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Carlile, N (reprint author), Off Environm & Heritage, POB 1967, Hurstville, NSW 2220, Australia. EM nicholas.carlile@environment.nsw.gov.au FU New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia; New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chize, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, New Zealand; Cumberland Bird Observers Club, Sydney, Australia FX Access to the New Caledonian colony of Gould's Petrel would not have been possible without the generous assistance of Isabelle Brun, and for this we thank her. Numerous people kindly provided information on pelagic sightings of Gould's Petrel and beachcast specimens. In particular, Rohan Clarke and Tony Palliser provided details of their observations and Eric Woehler (Australian Antarctic Division) provided data held in the Australian Antarctic Data Centre, as well as voyage details and sampling effort across the Southern Ocean. L. T. Ballance and R. L. Pitman sincerely acknowledge the many talented seabird observers who collected sightings data on the many NOAA research cruises summarised in this study, particularly Michael P. Force and Sophie Webb, and the Commanding Officers and crew of the NOAA Research Vessels David Starr Jordan and McArthur. M. J. Rayner acknowledges the support of Wendy Rayner during the completion of this study. This work was supported by: the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney, Australia (D. Priddel and N. Carlile); postdoctoral funding from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology (M. J. Rayner); the Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chize, Beauvoir-sur-Niort, France (V. Bretagnolle); the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, New Zealand (M. J. Rayner); and the Cumberland Bird Observers Club, Sydney, Australia (N. Carlile). It was undertaken under Animal Research approval number 021028/02 of the Animal Ethics Committee of the New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 0158-4197 EI 1448-5540 J9 EMU JI Emu PY 2014 VL 114 IS 4 BP 360 EP 370 DI 10.1071/MU14021 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA AT8DK UT WOS:000345164000009 ER PT J AU Shen, H Valadez-Perez, NE Guralnick, B Liu, Y Mackay, ME AF Shen, Hao Valadez-Perez, Nestor E. Guralnick, Brett Liu, Yun Mackay, Michael E. TI Performance enhancement of polymer-based solar cells by induced phase-separation with silica particles SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES; BULK-HETEROJUNCTION; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS; AU NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACIAL SEGREGATION; CONJUGATED POLYMER; SELF-ORGANIZATION; BLEND FILMS; THIN-FILMS; EFFICIENCY AB Adding metallic nanoparticles into bulk-heterojunction, polymer-based solar cells has been proven an effective strategy to enhance light absorption of the active layer and device performance. However, the high-energy surfaces on the nanoparticles may also affect the morphology of the active layer by influencing phase-separation, which has not been studied in detail. Here, we show that silica particles embedded in the active layer will affect the aggregation behavior of [6,6]-phenyl C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in the bulk-heterojunction of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT): PCBM. Using a novel graphical technique to analyze the absolute scattering intensity of small angle neutron scattering data, we conclusively demonstrate that some PCBM will migrate away from the bulk solution to the surface of the silica upon annealing and improve the device performance. The overall effect is to decrease the device series resistance and improve the power conversion efficiency by 10 to 20% relative to the control group. In contrast to metallic nanoparticles that utilize the surface plasmon resonance, our results indicate that, even with optically inert particles, the induced phase separation of PCBM may also result in an improved device. C1 [Shen, Hao; Guralnick, Brett; Liu, Yun; Mackay, Michael E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Valadez-Perez, Nestor E.] Univ Guanajuato, Div Ciencias & Ingn, Guanajuato 37150, Mexico. [Valadez-Perez, Nestor E.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mackay, Michael E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Mackay, ME (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM mem@udel.edu FU NIST through the Center for Neutron Science at the University of Delaware [70NANB10H256]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce FX This work was supported by NIST Award 70NANB10H256 through the Center for Neutron Science at the University of Delaware, and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. The authors acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. The authors also thank Prof. David Martin for usage of the UV-vis spectrometer. NR 79 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7526 EI 2050-7534 J9 J MATER CHEM C JI J. Mater. Chem. C PY 2014 VL 2 IS 47 BP 10087 EP 10100 DI 10.1039/c4tc01947d PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AT8UZ UT WOS:000345208500006 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B Herzing, A AF Nikoobakht, Babak Herzing, Andrew TI Where is the required lattice match in horizontal growth of nanowires? SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ZINC-OXIDE NANOWIRES; SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS; GUIDED GROWTH; INP NANOWIRES; DEFECT-FREE; SURFACE; SAPPHIRE; WHISKERS; ISLANDS AB The horizontal growth of nanowires (NWs) using the surface-directed vapor-liquid-solid (SVLS) process has been demonstrated for a number of semiconductors and shows the unique ability of eliminating post-growth alignment steps. However, the epitaxial relationship between horizontal NWs and their underlying surface has not been well understood, as it becomes more convoluted in systems with closely matched lattice and crystal symmetry. We have unraveled one of the main mechanisms driving the lateral growth by investigating a highly-mismatched system comprising TiO2 anatase, a 4-fold symmetry crystal, grown on substrates with lower and higher symmetries including sapphire and GaN. Counter-intuitively, our results reveal that the lattice match with substrate exists along the width of the NWs. We demonstrate the first set of examples that rule out the requirement for having a lattice match along the NW growth axis, which is observed in the non-VLS growth of epitaxial quantum wires. Unlike wurtzite or zinc-blende crystals that have a preferred lattice orientation regardless of the substrate crystal structure, we observe new evidence on strict control of the substrate on shape, faceting and orientation of nanocrystals that could offer a selective route for tailoring TiO2 NW properties and functions at the ensemble level. C1 [Nikoobakht, Babak; Herzing, Andrew] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nikoobakht, B (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mailstop 8372, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babak.nikoobakht@nist.gov RI Nikoobakht, Babak/D-7562-2011 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2014 VL 6 IS 21 BP 12814 EP 12821 DI 10.1039/c4nr04537h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AT5QQ UT WOS:000344997500074 PM 25225768 ER PT S AU Kuo, PS Pelc, JS Slatter, O Ma, LJ Tang, X AF Kuo, Paulina S. Pelc, Jason S. Slatter, Oliver Ma, Lijun Tang, Xiao BE Eggleton, BJ Gaeta, AL Broderick, NGR Sergienko, AV Rauschenbeutel, A Durt, T TI Domain-engineered PPLN for entangled photon generation and other quantum information applications SO NONLINEAR OPTICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS VIII; AND QUANTUM OPTICS III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Optics and Its Applications VIII; and Quantum Optics III CY APR 14-16, 2014 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP SPIE, Brussels Photon Team, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek DE quantum optics; nonlinear optics; parametric processes; polarization entangled pair source; spontaneous parametric downconversion; entanglement ID LINBO3 WAVE-GUIDES; UP-CONVERSION; WAVELENGTH CONVERSION; FREQUENCY-CONVERSION; PAIRS; EFFICIENCY; CHANNEL AB We describe the design and application of domain-engineered, periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) for use to produce entangled photons and for other tools in quantum information and communications. By specially designing and controlling the PPLN poling pattern, multiple nonlinear optical processes can be simultaneously phasematched. This capability can be used to generate polarization-entangled photon pairs through type-II spontaneous parametric downconversion. The single PPLN crystal is designed to produce both the vertical bar HV > and vertical bar VH > states where the downconverted photons are distinguishable by wavelengths, which enables generation of post-selection-free, polarization-entangled twin photons. We describe the design and fabrication of the PPLN crystal, and initial experimental results for downconversion of a 775 nm pump to 1532 nm and 1567 nm orthogonally polarized photons. We also discuss other applications of engineered optical frequency conversion for quantum information including the use of dual-wavelength upconversion as a beamsplitter to route or analyze photons. C1 [Kuo, Paulina S.; Slatter, Oliver; Ma, Lijun; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kuo, PS (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkuo@nist.gov NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-084-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9136 AR 913603 DI 10.1117/12.2058567 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BB6WM UT WOS:000345076700002 ER PT J AU Buehrens, TW Kiffney, P Pess, GR Bennett, TR Naman, SM Brooks, G Quinn, TP AF Buehrens, T. W. Kiffney, P. Pess, G. R. Bennett, T. R. Naman, S. M. Brooks, G. Quinn, T. P. TI Increasing Juvenile Coho Salmon Densities during Early Recolonization Have Not Affected Resident Coastal Cutthroat Trout Growth, Movement, or Survival SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NEWLY ACCESSIBLE HABITAT; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; STEELHEAD TROUT; MARKED ANIMALS; PACIFIC SALMON; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; SUMMER DISTRIBUTION AB The process of salmon colonization in the upper Cedar River and Rock Creek, Washington, following the installation of a fish ladder at Landsburg Diversion Dam in 2003, offered an opportunity to measure the effects of interspecific interactions on the dynamics of resident fish populations. Rapid recolonization by Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch provided a natural experiment to determine the influence of Coho Salmon densities on the growth, movement, and survival of resident Coastal Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii clarkii relative to other abiotic and biotic factors such as habitat quality, environmental conditions, and conspecific density. During 14 seasonal sampling events from 2005 to 2009, we PIT-tagged 1,851 and recaptured 394 Cutthroat Trout in Rock Creek, collected habitat data, enumerated fish populations, and monitored fish movements with PIT tag antenna arrays. Trout growth varied significantly among seasons and was greatest during spring and early summer. Mean juvenile Coho Salmon density in summer and fall increased eightfold from 0.04 to 0.32 and from 0.08 to 0.68 fish/m(2), respectively, approaching levels seen in established populations, but did not explain variation in trout growth, movement, or survival. Summer growth of trout parr and fry were both negatively correlated with the density of conspecifics but were positively correlated with total salmonid density. Additionally, trout parr growth was positively correlated with stream discharge, whereas trout fry growth was negatively correlated with initial size and declined during the course of the study. However, abiotic and biotic explanatory variables accounted for little of the variation in trout growth, movement, and survival, suggesting that a great deal of individual variation exists. Overall, trout were largely unaffected by Coho Salmon colonists despite large increases in juvenile Coho Salmon density, though this may change if salmon populations continue to grow. C1 [Buehrens, T. W.; Quinn, T. P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Buehrens, T. W.; Kiffney, P.; Pess, G. R.; Bennett, T. R.; Naman, S. M.; Brooks, G.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kiffney, P.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway. [Naman, S. M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Buehrens, TW (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 2108 Grand Blvd, Vancouver, WA 98661 USA. EM thomas.buehrens@dfw.wa.gov FU Seattle Public Utilities; NOAA Fisheries; Washington Fly Fishing Club graduate scholarship; University of Washington's H. Mason Keeler Endowment FX We thank R. Klett, R. Holland, M. Liermann, J. Cram, K. Kloehn, P. Roni, and V. Pelekis from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center; T. Seamons, J. Anderson, N. Kendall, T. Jaecks, and M. Bond from the University of Washington; D. Paige, D. Chapin, H. Burnett, P. Faulds, J. McDowell, and K. Burton of Seattle Public Utilities; and numerous undergraduate interns for their assistance collecting data in the field. We also thank J. Skalski for statistical advice. This manuscript greatly benefitted from reviews of earlier versions by M. Liermann, E. Buhle, and P. Connolly, as well as two anonymous reviewers. Funding was provided by Seattle Public Utilities, NOAA Fisheries, a Washington Fly Fishing Club graduate scholarship, and the University of Washington's H. Mason Keeler Endowment. NR 75 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 892 EP 907 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.923071 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT3AS UT WOS:000344807700003 ER PT J AU Chasco, BE Ward, EJ Hesse, JA Rabe, C Kinzer, R Vogel, JL Orme, R AF Chasco, Brandon E. Ward, Eric J. Hesse, Jay A. Rabe, Craig Kinzer, Ryan Vogel, Jason L. Orme, Rick TI Evaluating the Accuracy and Precision of Multiple Abundance Estimators Using State-Space Models: A Case Study for a Threatened Population of Chinook Salmon in Johnson Creek, Idaho SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RECOVERY PLANS; REDD COUNTS; ESTIMATING DENSITY; BULL TROUT; ERROR AB Over the last century, Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha populations in the Pacific Northwest have experienced dramatic declines, leading to many of them being listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. The abundance of these threatened populations relative to the thresholds for delisting remains the primary metric for assessing recovery, yet determining the true population abundances from multiple survey types with unknown levels of accuracy and precision remains difficult. The abundance of the spring-summer Chinook Salmon population in Johnson Creek, Idaho, has been measured using a mark-recapture survey and three different redd count surveys (RCSs) that vary temporally and spatially. Using a state-space model, we determined the accuracy and precision of each survey type by decoupling the observation error of the survey from the process error describing the annual variability in the true population abundance. We then extended the results of the model to determine the risk of managers' incorrectly delisting the population (a type I error) or incorrectly keeping it listed (a type II error). Finally, we show that salmon managers with data-limited populations (primarily those with only single-pass index RCSs) might use the results of our risk analysis to determine whether expanding survey efforts to minimize management risks is appropriate when they are confronted with dwindling financial resources. For example, we determined that although both the multiple-pass extended RCS (CV = 0.06) and mark-recapture surveys (CV = 0.14) provide unbiased estimates of salmon abundance in Johnson Creek, the mark-recapture study can have annual costs that are 30-100 times greater. Managers may determine that directing research funds toward acquiring information unique to weir-based mark-recapture surveys (i.e., migration timing, good genetics samples, etc.) may not be justified for all populations. C1 [Chasco, Brandon E.; Hesse, Jay A.; Rabe, Craig; Kinzer, Ryan; Vogel, Jason L.; Orme, Rick] Nez Perce Tribe, Lapwai, ID 83501 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chasco, BE (reprint author), Nez Perce Tribe, POB 365, Lapwai, ID 83501 USA. EM brandon.chasco@gmail.com FU Bonneville Power Administration FX We would like to thank Eric Buhle and Paul Kucera for their comments, which contributed greatly to the final version of this article. We would also like to thank the two reviewers whose edits led to considerable improvements to the initial draft. We thank Idaho Fish and Game and Doug Nelson for collecting and providing data and the Bonneville Power Administration for funding major portions of the Johnson Creek research. NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 945 EP 954 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.926302 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AT3AS UT WOS:000344807700008 ER PT S AU Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK AF Germer, Thomas A. Zwinkels, Joanne C. Tsai, Benjamin K. BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences Spectrophotometry: Accurate Measurement of Optical Properties of Materials Introduction SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Germer, Thomas A.; Tsai, Benjamin K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zwinkels, Joanne C.] Natl Res Council Canada, NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600002 ER PT S AU Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK AF Germer, Thomas A. Zwinkels, Joanne C. Tsai, Benjamin K. BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Theoretical Concepts in Spectrophotometric Measurements SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ROUGH SURFACE; SCATTERING C1 [Germer, Thomas A.; Tsai, Benjamin K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zwinkels, Joanne C.] Natl Res Council Canada, NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP 11 EP 66 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386022-4.00002-9 PG 56 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600003 ER PT S AU Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK AF Germer, Thomas A. Zwinkels, Joanne C. Tsai, Benjamin K. BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Spectrophotometry: Accurate Measurement of Optical Properties of Materials Preface SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Germer, Thomas A.; Tsai, Benjamin K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zwinkels, Joanne C.] Natl Res Council Canada, NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP XXI EP XXV PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600001 ER PT S AU Gaertner, AA Yoon, HW Germer, TA AF Gaertner, Arnold A. Yoon, Howard W. Germer, Thomas A. BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Dispersive Methods SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MOLECULAR ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETERS; HOLMIUM OXIDE SOLUTION; WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION; LINEARITY; GLASS; LIGHT; NONLINEARITY; STANDARDS; APERTURE C1 [Gaertner, Arnold A.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Yoon, Howard W.; Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaertner, AA (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP 67 EP 95 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386022-4.00003-0 PG 29 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600004 ER PT S AU Kaplan, SG Quijada, MA AF Kaplan, Simon G. Quijada, Manuel A. BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Fourier Transform Methods SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TRANSMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS; INFRARED TRANSMITTANCE; FT-IR; REFLECTANCE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER; ACCURACY; SILICON; INDEX C1 [Kaplan, Simon G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quijada, Manuel A.] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kaplan, SG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP 97 EP 141 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386022-4.00004-2 PG 45 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600005 ER PT S AU Zwinkels, JC DeRose, PC Leland, JE AF Zwinkels, Joanne C. DeRose, Paul C. Leland, James E. BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Spectral Fluorescence Measurements SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ION-DOPED GLASS; THE-ART COMPARABILITY; CORRECTION STANDARD; QUANTUM YIELDS; INTEGRATING SPHERES; EMISSION; CALIBRATION; SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; POLARIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY C1 [Zwinkels, Joanne C.] Natl Res Council Canada, NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [DeRose, Paul C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leland, James E.] Copia LLC, Goshen, NH USA. RP Zwinkels, JC (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP 221 EP 290 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386022-4.00007-8 PG 70 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600008 ER PT S AU Germer, TA Stover, JC Schroder, S AF Germer, Thomas A. Stover, John C. Schroeder, Sven BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Angle-Resolved Diffuse Reflectance and Transmittance SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID THIN-FILM COATINGS; ROBOT-BASED GONIOREFLECTOMETER; OPTICAL SCATTER INSTRUMENT; OUT-OF-PLANE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; ROUGH SURFACES; 193 NM; COMPONENTS; MULTILAYERS; ULTRAVIOLET C1 [Germer, Thomas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stover, John C.] Scatter Works Inc, Tucson, AZ USA. [Schroeder, Sven] Fraunhofer Inst Appl Opt & Precis Engn, Jena, Germany. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 60 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP 291 EP 331 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386022-4.00008-X PG 41 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600009 ER PT S AU Watanabe, H Ishii, J Wakabayashi, H Kumano, T Hanssen, L AF Watanabe, Hiromichi Ishii, Juntaro Wakabayashi, Hidenobu Kumano, Tomoyuki Hanssen, Leonard BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Spectral Emissivity Measurements SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; MELTING-POINTS; LIQUID-METALS; SPECTROPHOTOMETER SYSTEM; RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LASER POLARIMETRY; FULL RADIATOR C1 [Watanabe, Hiromichi; Ishii, Juntaro] AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Wakabayashi, Hidenobu] Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, Japan. [Kumano, Tomoyuki] Kobe City Coll Technol, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. [Hanssen, Leonard] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watanabe, H (reprint author), AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP 333 EP 366 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386022-4.00009-1 PG 34 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600010 ER PT S AU Nadal, ME Wyble, D Zarobila, CJ AF Nadal, Maria E. Wyble, Dave Zarobila, Clarence J. BE Germer, TA Zwinkels, JC Tsai, BK TI Color and Appearance SO SPECTROPHOTOMETRY: ACCURATE MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS SE Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ERRORS; STANDARD OBSERVER; COLORIMETRY; PROPAGATION; GLOSS; HAZE C1 [Nadal, Maria E.; Zarobila, Clarence J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wyble, Dave] Avian Rochester LLC, Webster, NY USA. RP Nadal, ME (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 73 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1079-4042 BN 978-0-12-386023-1; 978-0-12-386022-4 J9 EXPTL METH PHYS SCI PY 2014 VL 46 BP 367 EP 407 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-386022-4.00010-8 PG 41 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB6DB UT WOS:000344679600011 ER PT J AU Kaku, KC Reid, JS O'Neill, NT Quinn, PK Coffman, DJ Eck, TF AF Kaku, K. C. Reid, J. S. O'Neill, N. T. Quinn, P. K. Coffman, D. J. Eck, T. F. TI Verification and application of the extended spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA plus ) methodology to estimate aerosol fine and coarse mode extinction coefficients in the marine boundary layer SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; IN-SITU; PARTICLES; DEPTH; PARAMETERIZATIONS; TRANSPORT; EXPONENT; PACIFIC; BRAZIL AB The spectral deconvolution algorithm (SDA) and SDA+ (extended SDA) methodologies can be employed to separate the fine and coarse mode extinction coefficients from measured total aerosol extinction coefficients, but their common use is currently limited to AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) aerosol optical depth (AOD). Here we provide the verification of the SDA+ methodology on a non-AERONET aerosol product, by applying it to fine and coarse mode nephelometer and particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP) data sets collected in the marine boundary layer. Using data sets collected on research vessels by NOAAPMEL(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory), we demonstrate that with accurate input, SDA+ is able to predict the fine and coarse mode scattering and extinction coefficient partition in global data sets representing a range of aerosol regimes. However, in low-extinction regimes commonly found in the clean marine boundary layer, SDA+ output accuracy is sensitive to instrumental calibration errors. This work was extended to the calculation of coarse and fine mode scattering coefficients with similar success. This effort not only verifies the application of the SDA+ method to in situ data, but by inference verifies the method as a whole for a host of applications, including AERONET. Study results open the door to much more extensive use of nephelometers and PSAPs, with the ability to calculate fine and coarse mode scattering and extinction coefficients in field campaigns that do not have the resources to explicitly measure these values. C1 [Kaku, K. C.] CSC, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Reid, J. S.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [O'Neill, N. T.] Univ Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, PQ J1K 2R1, Canada. [Quinn, P. K.; Coffman, D. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Eck, T. F.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Eck, T. F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kaku, KC (reprint author), CSC, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. EM kkaku@csc.com RI Reid, Jeffrey/B-7633-2014; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Reid, Jeffrey/0000-0002-5147-7955; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU office of Naval Research; National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Environment Canada; NASA AERONET Program FX Funding for this effort was initiated under a grant from the office of Naval Research Code 35, with completion by Code 32. We are grateful to NOAA for the collection and use of their voluminous data records. PMEL's contribution to this work was provided by NOAA's Climate Program Office. Funding for N. T. O'Neill was provided by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Environment Canada. T. F. Eck's funding was provided by the NASA AERONET Program. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 10 BP 3399 EP 3412 DI 10.5194/amt-7-3399-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT2AE UT WOS:000344732200012 ER PT J AU Coburn, S Ortega, I Thalman, R Blomquist, B Fairall, CW Volkamer, R AF Coburn, S. Ortega, I. Thalman, R. Blomquist, B. Fairall, C. W. Volkamer, R. TI Measurements of diurnal variations and eddy covariance (EC) fluxes of glyoxal in the tropical marine boundary layer: description of the Fast LED-CE-DOAS instrument SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION; AIR-SEA FLUXES; ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTION; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; NITRIC-OXIDE; GAS TRANSFER; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MULTIPHASE CHEMISTRY; SPATIAL VARIABILITY AB Here we present first eddy covariance (EC) measurements of fluxes of glyoxal, the smallest alpha-dicarbonyl product of hydrocarbon oxidation, and a precursor for secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The unique physical and chemical properties of glyoxal -i.e., high solubility in water (effective Henry's law constant, K-H = 4.2x10(5) M atm(-1)) and short atmospheric lifetime (similar to 2 h at solar noon) -make it a unique indicator species for organic carbon oxidation in the marine atmosphere. Previous reports of elevated glyoxal over oceans remain unexplained by atmospheric models. Here we describe a Fast Light-Emitting Diode Cavity-Enhanced Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (Fast LED-CEDOAS) instrument to measure diurnal variations and EC fluxes of glyoxal and inform about its unknown sources. The fast in situ sensor is described, and first results are presented from a cruise deployment over the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (20 degrees N to 10 degrees S; 133 to 85 degrees W) as part of the Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogens and Oxygenated VOCs (TORERO) field experiment (January to March 2012). The Fast LED-CE-DOAS is a multispectral sensor that selectively and simultaneously measures glyoxal (CHOCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), oxygen dimers (O-4), and water vapor (H2O) with similar to 2 Hz time resolution (Nyquist frequency similar to 1 Hz) and a precision of similar to 40 pptv Hz(-0.5) for glyoxal. The instrument is demonstrated to be a "white-noise" sensor suitable for EC flux measurements. Fluxes of glyoxal are calculated, along with fluxes of NO2, H2O, and O-4, which are used to aid the interpretation of the glyoxal fluxes. Further, highly sensitive and inherently calibrated glyoxal measurements are obtained from temporal averaging of data (e. g., detection limit smaller than 2.5 pptv in an hour). The campaign average mixing ratio in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) is found to be 43 +/- 9 pptv glyoxal, which is higher than the Northern Hemisphere (NH) average of 32 +/- 6 pptv (error reflects variability over multiple days). The diurnal variation of glyoxal in the marine boundary layer (MBL) is measured for the first time, and mixing ratios vary by similar to 8 pptv (NH) and similar to 12 pptv (SH) over the course of 24 h. Consistently, maxima are observed at sunrise (NH: 35 +/- 5 pptv; SH: 47 +/- 7 pptv), and minima at dusk (NH: 27 +/- 5 pptv; SH: 35 +/- 8 pptv). In both hemispheres, the daytime flux was directed from the atmosphere into the ocean, indicating that the ocean is a net sink for glyoxal during the day. After sunset the ocean was a source for glyoxal to the atmosphere (positive flux) in the SH; this primary ocean source was operative throughout the night. In the NH, the nighttime flux was positive only shortly after sunset and negative during most of the night. Positive EC fluxes of soluble glyoxal over oceans indicate the presence of an ocean surface organic microlayer (SML) and locate a glyoxal source within the SML. The origin of most atmospheric glyoxal, and possibly other oxygenated hydrocarbons over tropical oceans, remains unexplained and warrants further investigation. C1 [Coburn, S.; Ortega, I.; Thalman, R.; Volkamer, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Coburn, S.; Ortega, I.; Thalman, R.; Volkamer, R.] CIRES Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Blomquist, B.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fairall, C. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Volkamer, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu RI Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016 OI Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369 FU US National Science Foundation under NSF-CAREER [ATM-847793]; NSF [AGS-l104104]; NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship FX The development of the Fast LED-CE-DOAS sensor was supported by the US National Science Foundation under NSF-CAREER award ATM-847793. The TORERO project is a US-SOLAS contribution, and it is supported by NSF under award AGS-l104104 (PI: R. Volkamer). S. Coburn is a recipient of a NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship. The authors thank the captain and crew of the RV Ka'imimoana, Brian Lake and the NOAA TAO program, and David Welsh for their valuable support during the "TORERO cruise" KA-12-01. Mingxi Yang provided valuable comments on the manuscript. NR 72 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 28 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 10 BP 3579 EP 3595 DI 10.5194/amt-7-3579-2014 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT2AE UT WOS:000344732200023 ER PT J AU Li, R Warneke, C Graus, M Field, R Geiger, F Veres, PR Soltis, J Li, SM Murphy, SM Sweeney, C Petron, G Roberts, JM de Gouw, J AF Li, R. Warneke, C. Graus, M. Field, R. Geiger, F. Veres, P. R. Soltis, J. Li, S. -M. Murphy, S. M. Sweeney, C. Petron, G. Roberts, J. M. de Gouw, J. TI Measurements of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using PTR-MS: calibration, humidity dependence, inter-comparison and results from field studies in an oil and gas production region SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID PROTON-TRANSFER-REACTION; REACTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; REDUCED SULFUR-COMPOUNDS; FORMALDEHYDE MEASUREMENTS; CHEMI-LUMINESCENCE; CARBON-DISULFIDE; AIR; EMISSIONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; VALIDATION AB Natural gas production is associated with emissions of several trace gases, some of them classified as air toxics. While volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have received much attention, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can also be of concern due to the known health impacts of exposure to this hazardous air pollutant. Here, we present quantitative, fast time-response measurements of H2S using protontransfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) instruments. An ultra-light-weight PTR-MS (ULW-PTR-MS) in a mobile laboratory was operated for measurements of VOCs and H2S in a gas and oil field during the Uintah Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS) 2012 campaign. Measurements of VOCs and H2S by a PTR-MS were also made at the Horse Pool ground site in the Uintah Basin during UBWOS 2013. The H2S measurement by PTR-MS is strongly humidity dependent because the proton affinity of H2S is only slightly higher than that of water. The H2S sensitivity of PTR-MS ranged between 0.6-1.4 ncps ppbv-1 during UBWOS 2013. We compare the humidity dependence determined in the laboratory with in-field calibrations and determine the H2S mixing ratios for the mobile and ground measurements. The PTR-MS measurements at Horse Pool are evaluated by comparison with simultaneous H2S measurements using a PTR time-of-flight MS (PTR-ToF-MS) and a Picarro cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) instrument for H2S/CH4. On average 0.6 +/- 0.3 ppbv H2S was present at Horse Pool during UBWOS 2013. The correlation between H2S and methane enhancements suggests that the source of H2S is associated with oil and gas extraction in the basin. Significant H2S mixing ratios of up to 9 ppmv downwind of storage tanks were observed during the mobile measurements. This study suggests that H2S emissions associated with oil and gas production can lead to short-term high levels close to point sources, and elevated background levels away from those sources. In addition, our work has demonstrated that PTR-MS can make reliable measurements of H2S at levels below 1 ppbv. C1 [Li, R.; Warneke, C.; Graus, M.; Veres, P. R.; Roberts, J. M.; de Gouw, J.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Li, R.; Warneke, C.; Graus, M.; Veres, P. R.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Field, R.; Soltis, J.; Murphy, S. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Geiger, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Sweeney, C.; Petron, G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Li, R (reprint author), NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rui.li@noaa.gov RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FIELD, ROBERT/0000-0003-0228-1419 FU CIRES Innovative Research Program; State of Utah; US Environmental Protection Agency; Western Energy Alliance; Uinta Impact Mitigation Special Service District; Bureau of Land Management FX We thank Russ Schnell, Jonathan Kofler, Steve Brown, Pete Edwards and Bill Dube for their contributions to this work. R. Li's work was supported by the CIRES Innovative Research Program. The use of PTR-ToF-MS and Picarro CRDS (CH4/H2S) was supported by NSF. The 2012 and 2013 UBWOS campaigns were made possible by support from the following organizations: State of Utah, US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Energy Alliance, Uinta Impact Mitigation Special Service District, and the Bureau of Land Management. The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Uinta Basin Winter Ozone and Air Quality Study collaborators or funding agencies. NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 10 BP 3597 EP 3610 DI 10.5194/amt-7-3597-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT2AE UT WOS:000344732200024 ER PT J AU Queen, WL Hudson, MR Bloch, ED Mason, JA Gonzalez, MI Lee, JS Gygi, D Howe, JD Lee, K Darwish, TA James, M Peterson, VK Teat, SJ Smit, B Neaton, JB Long, JR Brown, CM AF Queen, Wendy L. Hudson, Matthew R. Bloch, Eric D. Mason, Jarad A. Gonzalez, Miguel I. Lee, Jason S. Gygi, David Howe, Joshua D. Lee, Kyuho Darwish, Tamim A. James, Michael Peterson, Vanessa K. Teat, Simon J. Smit, Berend Neaton, Jeffrey B. Long, Jeffrey R. Brown, Craig M. TI Comprehensive study of carbon dioxide adsorption in the metal-organic frameworks M-2(dobdc) (M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IRON(II) COORDINATION SITES; WAALS DENSITY FUNCTIONALS; AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; POWDER DIFFRACTOMETER; HYDROGEN ADSORPTION; FORCE-FIELDS; LEWIS-ACID; CAPTURE; STORAGE; BINDING AB Analysis of the CO2 adsorption properties of a well-known series of metal-organic frameworks M-2(dobdc) (dobdc(4-) = 2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) is carried out in tandem with in situ structural studies to identify the host-guest interactions that lead to significant differences in isosteric heats of CO2 adsorption. Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction and single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments are used to unveil the site-specific binding properties of CO2 within many of these materials while systematically varying both the amount of CO2 and the temperature. Unlike previous studies, we show that CO2 adsorbed at the metal cations exhibits intramolecular angles with minimal deviations from 180 degrees, a finding that indicates a strongly electrostatic and physisorptive interaction with the framework surface and sheds more light on the ongoing discussion regarding whether CO2 adsorbs in a linear or nonlinear geometry. This has important implications for proposals that have been made to utilize these materials for the activation and chemical conversion of CO2. For the weaker CO2 adsorbents, significant elongation of the metal-O(CO2) distances are observed and diffraction experiments additionally reveal that secondary CO2 adsorption sites, while likely stabilized by the population of the primary adsorption sites, significantly contribute to adsorption behavior at ambient temperature. Density functional theory calculations including van der Waals dispersion quantitatively corroborate and rationalize observations regarding intramolecular CO2 angles and trends in relative geometric properties and heats of adsorption in the M-2(dobdc)-CO2 adducts. C1 [Queen, Wendy L.; Lee, Jason S.; Howe, Joshua D.; Lee, Kyuho; Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Gonzalez, Miguel I.; Gygi, David; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Jason S.; Howe, Joshua D.; Lee, Kyuho; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Darwish, Tamim A.; James, Michael] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Natl Deuterat Facil, Lucas Heights, Australia. [James, Michael] Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. [Peterson, Vanessa K.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia. [Teat, Simon J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Smit, Berend] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Dept Inst Sci & Ingn Chim, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.; Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Queen, WL (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM wlqueen@lbl.gov; jrlong@berkeley.edu; craig.brown@nist.gov RI Smit, Berend/B-7580-2009; EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; James, Michael/A-8960-2011; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015 OI Smit, Berend/0000-0003-4653-8562; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135; Gonzalez, Miguel/0000-0003-4250-9035; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001015]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy; NSF; Gerald K. Branch fellowship; NIST/NRC Fellowship Program; US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy [DE-SC0001015] FX This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Award DE-FG02-12ER16362. Work at the Molecular Foundry was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and computational resources were provided by NERSC and LBNL Lawrencium. The contributions of E.D.B., J.A.M., M.I.G., D.G., J.D.H., K.L., B.S., J.B.N., and J.R.L. were further supported through the Center for Gas Separations Relevant to Clean Energy Technologies, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DE-SC0001015. The Advanced Light Source is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Work at the National Deuteration Facility of ANSTO is partly funded by the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy. We like to thank A.J. "Timmy" Ramirez-Cuesta at ISIS for his help in carrying out the TOSCA measurements and Vanessa K. Peterson for her help carrying out the experiments on WOMBAT and Echidna at The Bragg Institute. We would further like to thank Greg Y. Morrison and James R. Nasiatka, of the Advanced Light Source for the design and fabrication of the gas-loading cell and dosing system used on Beamline 11.3.1 and Greg Halder for assistance with data collected at the XSD beamline 17-BM-B at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. We also thank NSF for providing graduate fellowship support for J.A.M., a Gerald K. Branch fellowship in chemistry for the support of E.D.B. and the NIST/NRC Fellowship Program for the support of M.R.H. Development of the gas cell and gas dosing manifold used at the Advanced Light Source was partially funded by the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001015. We also acknowledge Professor O. M. Yaghi for the use of the D-8 Venture single crystal X-ray diffractometer at the Materials Science Division in LBNL. NR 76 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 15 U2 115 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 EI 2041-6539 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 BP 4569 EP 4581 DI 10.1039/c4sc02064b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AS6MA UT WOS:000344376400004 ER PT J AU Goulette, GS Hawkes, JP Kocik, JF Manning, JP Music, PA Wallinga, JP Zydlewski, GB AF Goulette, Graham S. Hawkes, James P. Kocik, John F. Manning, James P. Music, Paul A. Wallinga, John P. Zydlewski, Gayle Barbin TI Opportunistic Acoustic Telemetry Platforms: Benefits of Collaboration in the Gulf of Maine SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC STURGEON; MIGRATION; SALMON; OCEAN; RIVER AB Biologists monitor animal behavior, habitat use, and survival through local telemetry projects. Migratory species cross these lines, connecting projects. Biologists can further these connections by expanding the area monitored, but this step is expensive. We evaluated three opportunistic platforms: (1) oceanographic buoys, (2) commercial fishing gear, and (3) drifters to test the feasibility of expanding coverage while minimizing costs. All Gulf of Maine platforms provided novel data, generating over 15,000 detections from animals released by 18 organizations. Performance was strong for buoys and commercial gear but low recovery hampered drifter utility, although advances in real-time drifter communication should improve future efficacy. Opportunistic platforms proved to be a low-cost method that can benefit researchers across aquatic systems. Animals from other studies connected us with researchers, fostered dialogue, and highlighted information gains from data sharing. Working with fishers and oceanographers also strengthens interdisciplinary and stakeholder communication and can increase overall public understanding and support. RESUMENlos biologos monitorean el comportamiento, uso de habitat y supervivencia de los animales a traves de proyectos locales de telemetria. Las especies migratorias traspasan estos limites y, por consecuencia, representan una oportunidad para conectar los proyectos. Los biologos pueden llevar aun mas alla estos proyectos, expandiendo las areas monitoreadas, sin embargo dar este paso resulta costoso. En este trabajo, se evaluan tres plataformas de oportunidad: (1) boyas oceanograficas, (2) equipos de pesca comercial y (3) cuerpos de deriva para probar la viabilidad de expandir la cobertura de los proyectos, al mismo tiempo que se minimizan los costos. Todas estas las plataformas en el Golfo de Maine proveen datos nuevos, generando mas de 15,000 detecciones de animales liberados por 18 organizaciones. El desempeno fue bueno en el caso de las boyas y del equipo de pesca comercial, pero los cuerpos de deriva redujeron las utilidades debido a su lenta recuperacion; no obstante, los avances alcanzados en la comunicacion en tiempo real con estos artefactos debieran mejorar su efectividad en el futuro. Las plataformas de oportunidad probaron ser un metodo de bajo costo que puede beneficiar a los investigadores que trabajan en distintos sistemas acuaticos. Los animales estudiados en otros trabajos, permitieron conectar a los investigadores entre si, lo que propicia el dialogo y pone en relieve la ganancia de informacion e intercambio de datos. El trabajo conjunto entre pescadores y oceanografos fortalece la interdisciplinariedad y la comunicacion con los interesados y, asimismo, puede incrementar el entendimiento y el soporte del publico en general. C1 [Goulette, Graham S.; Hawkes, James P.; Kocik, John F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04473 USA. [Manning, James P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Music, Paul A.] Integrated Stat, Orono, ME USA. [Wallinga, John P.; Zydlewski, Gayle Barbin] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. RP Goulette, GS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 17 Godfrey Dr,Suite 1, Orono, ME 04473 USA. EM John.Kocik@noaa.gov FU Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal and Ocean Observing Systems FX UMOOS is funded through the Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal and Ocean Observing Systems. Receivers on the short-term wind energy test site buoy were supplied by the University of Maine-led DeepCWind Consortium. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PY 2014 VL 39 IS 10 BP 441 EP 450 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.943740 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AS8YN UT WOS:000344531000003 ER PT J AU Fletcher, JK Bretherton, CS Xiao, H Sun, R Han, J AF Fletcher, J. K. Bretherton, C. S. Xiao, H. Sun, R. Han, J. TI Improving subtropical boundary layer cloudiness in the 2011 NCEP GFS SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID SHALLOW CUMULUS CONVECTION; SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL; GLOBAL FORECAST SYSTEM; PART I; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; VERTICAL DIFFUSION; OCEAN MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATIONS; SCHEME AB The current operational version of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecasting System (GFS) shows significant low cloud bias. These biases also appear in the Coupled Forecast System (CFS), which is developed from the GFS. These low cloud biases degrade seasonal and longer climate forecasts, particularly of short-wave cloud radiative forcing, and affect predicted sea surface temperature. Reducing this bias in the GFS will aid the development of future CFS versions and contributes to NCEP's goal of unified weather and climate modelling. Changes are made to the shallow convection and planetary boundary layer parameterisations to make them more consistent with current knowledge of these processes and to reduce the low cloud bias. These changes are tested in a single-column version of GFS and in global simulations with GFS coupled to a dynamical ocean model. In the single-column model, we focus on changing parameters that set the following: the strength of shallow cumulus lateral entrainment, the conversion of updraught liquid water to precipitation and grid-scale condensate, shallow cumulus cloud top, and the effect of shallow convection in stratocumulus environments. Results show that these changes improve the single-column simulations when compared to large eddy simulations, in particular through decreasing the precipitation efficiency of boundary layer clouds. These changes, combined with a few other model improvements, also reduce boundary layer cloud and albedo biases in global coupled simulations. C1 [Fletcher, J. K.] Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Bretherton, C. S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Xiao, H.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Sun, R.] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Han, J.] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, SRG, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Fletcher, JK (reprint author), Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic, Australia. EM jennifer.fletcher@monash.edu FU NOAA MAPP as part of the Sc-Cu Climate Process Team [GC10-670a]; NCEP FX This work is supported by NOAA MAPP grant GC10-670a as part of the Sc-Cu Climate Process Team. The first author would like to thank Hua-Lu Pan at NCEP for his support and Peter Blossey at University of Washington for providing LES runs. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 5 BP 2107 EP 2120 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-2107-2014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AT1ZW UT WOS:000344730900017 ER PT J AU Apodaca, K Zupanski, M DeMaria, M Knaff, JA Grasso, LD AF Apodaca, K. Zupanski, M. DeMaria, M. Knaff, J. A. Grasso, L. D. TI Development of a hybrid variational-ensemble data assimilation technique for observed lightning tested in a mesoscale model SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTION; HURRICANE; FILTER; SYSTEM; OCEAN AB Lightning measurements from the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) that will be aboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite - R Series will bring new information that can have the potential for improving the initialization of numerical weather prediction models by assisting in the detection of clouds and convection through data assimilation. In this study we focus on investigating the utility of lightning observations in mesoscale and regional applications suitable for current operational environments, in which convection cannot be explicitly resolved. Therefore, we examine the impact of lightning observations on storm environment. Preliminary steps in developing a lightning data assimilation capability suitable for mesoscale modeling are presented in this paper. World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) data was utilized as a proxy for GLM measurements and was assimilated with the Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter, interfaced with the Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model core of the Weather Research and Forecasting system (WRF-NMM). In order to test this methodology, regional data assimilation experiments were conducted. Results indicate that lightning data assimilation had a positive impact on the following: information content, influencing several dynamical variables in the model (e. g., moisture, temperature, and winds), and improving initial conditions during several data assimilation cycles. However, the 6 h forecast after the assimilation did not show a clear improvement in terms of root mean square (RMS) errors. C1 [Apodaca, K.; Zupanski, M.; Grasso, L. D.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [DeMaria, M.; Knaff, J. A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Res & Applicat, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Apodaca, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM karina.apodaca@colostate.edu RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409 FU NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Program [NA17RJ1228]; Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program [NA10NES4400012]; National Science Foundation Collaboration in Mathematical Geosciences Grant [ATM-0930265]; National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the NOAA GOES-R Risk Reduction Program grant NA17RJ1228 (Amendment 175), and the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation program grant NA10NES4400012. This work was also partially supported by the National Science Foundation Collaboration in Mathematical Geosciences Grant ATM-0930265. We would like to acknowledge the high-performance computing support provided by NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Data, valuable input and some plots were provided by the following individuals: Daniel Bikos, Gregory DeMaria, Robert DeMaria, Jack Dostalek, and Daniel Lindsey. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2014 VL 21 IS 5 BP 1027 EP 1041 DI 10.5194/npg-21-1027-2014 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AT1ZD UT WOS:000344728500008 ER PT J AU Garg, S Castro-Roman, F Porcar, L Butler, P Bautista, PJ Krzyzanowski, N Perez-Salas, U AF Garg, Sumit Castro-Roman, Francisco Porcar, Lionel Butler, Paul Bautista, Pedro Jesus Krzyzanowski, Natalie Perez-Salas, Ursula TI Cholesterol solubility limit in lipid membranes probed by small angle neutron scattering and MD simulations SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORGANIZATION; PHASE-BEHAVIOR; BILAYERS; PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE; PHOSPHATIDYLSERINE; CRYSTALS AB The solubility limits of cholesterol in small unilamellar vesicles made of POPS and POPC were probed using Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and coarse grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. SANS, being non-invasive, allowed the direct and quantitative measurement of cholesterol in intact vesicles. Our experimental measurements reveal a 61% mole fraction solubility limit of cholesterol in POPC, consistent with previous studies. However, in POPS the solubility limit of cholesterol is found to be 73%mole fraction. Previous work reports solubility limits of cholesterol in POPS varying significantly, ranging from 36% up to 66%. The CG MD simulations are in remarkable quantitative agreement with our experimental results showing similar solubility limits. Further, neither experiments nor simulations show evidence of stable nanodomains of cholesterol in POPS membranes as suggested in some previous reports. C1 [Garg, Sumit; Perez-Salas, Ursula] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Garg, Sumit; Krzyzanowski, Natalie; Perez-Salas, Ursula] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Castro-Roman, Francisco; Bautista, Pedro Jesus] IPN, Ctr Invest & Estudios Avanzados, Mexico City 07738, DF, Mexico. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, Large Scale Struct Grp, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Butler, Paul] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Butler, Paul] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Colburn Lab, Newark, DE USA. RP Perez-Salas, U (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM ursulaps@uic.edu RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; Centro Nacional de Supercomputo (CNS) del Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (IPICyT) FX This work utilized facilities at the National Institute for Standards and Technology, supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0454672. U.P-S and S.G acknowledge support from U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Certain commercial materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. FCR acknowledges Centro Nacional de Supercomputo (CNS) del Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (IPICyT) for its support with computing resources. NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 46 BP 9313 EP 9317 DI 10.1039/c4sm01219d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AT5EC UT WOS:000344965200013 PM 25338228 ER PT S AU Waks, E Kim, H Bose, R Cai, T Sun, S Solomon, GS AF Waks, Edo Kim, Hyochul Bose, Ranojoy Cai, Tao Sun, Shuo Solomon, Glenn S. BE Subramania, GS Foteinopoulou, S TI Controlling a photon with a solid-state quantum bit SO ACTIVE PHOTONIC MATERIALS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active Photonic Materials VI CY AUG 17-21, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Quantum dot; photonic crystal; quantum information; nanophotonics ID DOT; SPIN; SEMICONDUCTOR; ENTANGLEMENT; SYSTEM; SPECTROSCOPY; NETWORK AB Generating strong interactions between single quanta of light and matter is central to quantum information science, and a key component of quantum computers and long-distance quantum networks. In quantum information processing, these interactions are required to create elementary logic operations (quantum gates) between stationary matter quantum bits (qubits) and photonic qubits that can be transmitted over long distances. Efficient quantum gates between photonic and matter qubits are a crucial enabler for a broad range of applications that include robust quantum networks, non-destructive quantum measurements, and strong photon-photon interactions. So far these qubit-photon gates have been achieved using single atoms and at microwave frequencies in circuit QED systems. Their implementation with solid-state quantum emitters, however, has remained a difficult challenge. We demonstrate that the qubit state of a photon can be controlled by a single solid-state qubit composed of a quantum dot (QD) strongly coupled to an optical nanocavity. We show that the QD acts as a coherently controllable qubit system that conditionally flips the polarization of a photon reflected from the cavity mode on picosecond timescales. This operation implements a controlled NOT (cNOT) logic gate between the QD and the incident photon, which is a universal quantum operation that can serve as a general light-matter interface for remote entanglements and quantum computations. Our results represent an important step towards an all solid-state implementation of quantum networks and quantum computers, and provide a versatile approach for controlling and probing interactions between a photon and a single quantum emitter on ultra-fast timescales. C1 [Waks, Edo; Kim, Hyochul; Bose, Ranojoy; Cai, Tao; Sun, Shuo] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Waks, Edo; Solomon, Glenn S.] Joint Quantum Inst, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Waks, Edo; Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Waks, E (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM edowaks@umd.edu NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-189-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9162 AR UNSP 91620A DI 10.1117/12.2061333 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BB5TZ UT WOS:000344105600004 ER PT J AU Lee, M Malyshev, S Shevliakova, E Milly, PCD Jaffe, PR AF Lee, M. Malyshev, S. Shevliakova, E. Milly, P. C. D. Jaffe, P. R. TI Capturing interactions between nitrogen and hydrological cycles under historical climate and land use: Susquehanna watershed analysis with the GFDL land model LM3-TAN SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; NORTHEASTERN USA; EARTH-SYSTEM; FRESH-WATER; SOIL; NITRATE; CARBON; EXPORT; EUTROPHICATION; ACIDIFICATION AB We developed a process model LM3-TAN to assess the combined effects of direct human influences and climate change on terrestrial and aquatic nitrogen (TAN) cycling. The model was developed by expanding NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model LM3V-N of coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen (C-N) cycling and including new N cycling processes and inputs such as a soil denitrification, point N sources to streams (i.e., sewage), and stream transport and microbial processes. Because the model integrates ecological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes, it captures key controls of the transport and fate of N in the vegetation-soil-river system in a comprehensive and consistent framework which is responsive to climatic variations and land-use changes. We applied the model at 1/8 degrees resolution for a study of the Susquehanna River Basin. We simulated with LM3-TAN stream dissolved organic-N, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N loads throughout the river network, and we evaluated the modeled loads for 1986-2005 using data from 16 monitoring stations as well as a reported budget for the entire basin. By accounting for interannual hydrologic variability, the model was able to capture interannual variations of stream N loadings. While the model was calibrated with the stream N loads only at the last downstream Susquehanna River Basin Commission station Marietta (40 degrees 02' N, 76 degrees 32' W), it captured the N loads well at multiple locations within the basin with different climate regimes, land-use types, and associated N sources and transformations in the sub-basins. Furthermore, the calculated and previously reported N budgets agreed well at the level of the whole Susquehanna watershed. Here we illustrate how point and non-point N sources contributing to the various ecosystems are stored, lost, and exported via the river. Local analysis of six sub-basins showed combined effects of land use and climate on soil denitrification rates, with the highest rates in the Lower Susquehanna Sub-Basin (extensive agriculture; Atlantic coastal climate) and the lowest rates in the West Branch Susquehanna Sub-Basin (mostly forest; Great Lakes and Midwest climate). In the re-growing secondary forests, most of the N from non-point sources was stored in the vegetation and soil, but in the agricultural lands most N inputs were removed by soil denitrification, indicating that anthropogenic N applications could drive substantial increase of N2O emission, an intermediate of the denitrification process. C1 [Lee, M.; Jaffe, P. R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Malyshev, S.; Shevliakova, E.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Cooperat Inst Climate Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] US Geol Survey, Princeton, NJ USA. [Milly, P. C. D.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lee, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM minjinl@princeton.edu; jaffe@princeton.edu FU Fulbright Scholarship; Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the Mary and Randall Hack '69 Research Fund; Korean National Institute of Environmental Research; NOAA (US Department of Commerce) [NA08OAR4320752]; USDA [2011-67003-30373] FX Support for M. Lee was provided by a Fulbright Scholarship, by the Princeton Environmental Institute at Princeton University through the Mary and Randall Hack '69 Research Fund, and by the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research. E. Shevliakova and S. Malyshev acknowledge support in part from the NOAA (US Department of Commerce) grant NA08OAR4320752 and the USDA grant 2011-67003-30373. The statements, findings, and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, the US Department of Commerce, or the US Department of Agriculture. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 20 BP 5809 EP 5826 DI 10.5194/bg-11-5809-2014 PG 18 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AT0UD UT WOS:000344649300010 ER PT S AU Atlas, R Pagano, TS AF Atlas, Robert Pagano, Thomas S. BE Mouroulis, P Pagano, TS TI Observing system simulation experiments to assess the potential impact of proposed satellite instruments on hurricane prediction SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XIX CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE OSSE; hurricanes; numerical weather prediction AB Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are an important tool for evaluating the potential impact of proposed new observing systems, as well as for evaluating trade-offs in observing system design, and in developing and assessing improved methodology for assimilating new observations. Extensive OSSEs have been conducted at NASA/GSFC and NOAA/AOML over the last three decades. These OSSEs determined correctly the quantitative potential for several proposed satellite observing systems to improve weather analysis and prediction prior to their launch, evaluated trade-offs in orbits, coverage and accuracy for space-based wind lidars, and were used in the development of the methodology that led to the first beneficial impacts of satellite surface winds on numerical weather prediction. In this paper, we summarize early applications of global OSSEs to hurricane track forecasting and new experiments using both global and regional models. These experiments are aimed at determining (1) the potential impact of unmanned aerial systems, (2) the relative impact of alternative concepts for space-based lidar winds, and (3) the relative impact of alternative concepts for polar and geostationary hyperspectral sounders. C1 [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pagano, Thomas S.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Atlas, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Robert.atlas@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-249-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9222 AR UNSP 922202 DI 10.1117/12.2063648 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB5JU UT WOS:000343913700001 ER PT S AU Coddington, I Giorgetta, FR Rieker, GB Swann, WC Zolot, AM Sinclair, LC Baumann, E Cromer, C Newbury, NR AF Coddington, I. Giorgetta, F. R. Rieker, G. B. Swann, W. C. Zolot, A. M. Sinclair, L. C. Baumann, E. Cromer, C. Newbury, N. R. BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI CO2 Phase and Amplitude Spectra Measured over 2 km Outdoor Path With a Dual-Comb Spectrometer SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXII held a part of the Annual SPIE Optics + Photonics Meeting CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; FREQUENCY COMBS; TIME; LASERS; INTERFEROMETRY; ACCURATE C1 [Coddington, I.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Rieker, G. B.; Swann, W. C.; Zolot, A. M.; Sinclair, L. C.; Baumann, E.; Cromer, C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014 OI Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090; Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-246-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9219 AR 921907 DI 10.1117/12.2061931 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5PM UT WOS:000344015800005 ER PT S AU Padula, F Cao, CY AF Padula, Francis Cao, Changyong BE Scholl, MS Paez, G TI Preliminary Study of the Suomi NPP VIIRS Detector-Level Spectral Response Function Effects for the Long-Wave Infrared Bands M15 & M16 SO INFRARED REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XXII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Remote Sensing and Instrumentation XXII held a part of the Annual SPIE Optics + Photonics Meeting CY AUG 18, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; long-wave infrared; SST; striping; detector-level spectral response AB The Suomi NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Environmental Data Record (EDR) team observed an anomalous striping pattern in the SST data. To assess possible causes due to detector-level Spectral Response Functions (SRFs), a study was conducted to compare the radiometric response of the detector-level and operational band averaged SRFs of VIIRS bands M15 & M16 using simulated blackbody radiance data and clear-sky ocean radiances under different atmospheric conditions. It was concluded that the SST product is likely impacted by small differences in detector-level SRFs, and that if users require optimal system performance detector-level processing is recommended. Future work will investigate potential SDR product improvements through detector-level processing in support of the generation of Suomi NPP VIIRS climate quality SDRs. C1 [Padula, Francis] GeoThinkTank LLC, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS STAR, Silver Spring, MD, England. RP Padula, F (reprint author), GeoThinkTank LLC, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 FU JPSS Program FX This work is partially funded by the JPSS Program. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. government. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-246-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9219 AR UNSP 92190C DI 10.1117/12.2060905 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5PM UT WOS:000344015800010 ER PT S AU Orji, NG Itoh, H Wang, CM Dixson, RG AF Orji, Ndubuisi G. Itoh, Hiroshi Wang, Chunmei Dixson, Ronald G. BE Postek, MT Orji, NG TI Technique for AFM Tip Characterization SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors VIII CY AUG 20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE critical dimension AFM; tip characterizer ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; RECONSTRUCTION AB In atomic force microscopy (AFM) metrology, the scanning tip is a major source of uncertainty. Images taken with an AFM show an apparent broadening of feature dimensions due to the finite size of the tip. An AFM image is a combination of the feature shape, the tip geometry and details of the tip-sample interaction. Here we describe the use of a new multi-feature characterizer for CD-AFM tip, and report initial measurement results. The results are compared with those obtained from the current tip characterizer. C1 [Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Dixson, Ronald G.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Itoh, Hiroshi; Wang, Chunmei] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Res Inst Instrumentat Frontier, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-200-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9173 AR UNSP 917305 DI 10.1117/12.2062759 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BB5XW UT WOS:000344189100003 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Cizmar, P AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Cizmar, Petr BE Postek, MT Orji, NG TI Nanomanufacturing Concerns about Measurements made in the SEM Part III: Vibration and Drift. SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors VIII CY AUG 20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; measurements; metrology; modelling; vibration; drift; scanning electron microscope; SEM; standards; reference material ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; LARGE-DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; QUANTITATIVE SMALL; METROLOGY; MAGNIFICATIONS; IMAGES AB Many advanced manufacturing processes employ scanning electron microscopes (SEM) for on-line critical measurements for process and quality control. This is the third of a series of papers discussing various causes of measurement uncertainty in scanned particle beam instruments, and some of the solutions researched and developed at NIST. Scanned particle beam instruments especially the scanning electron microscope have gone through tremendous evolution to become indispensable tools for many and diverse scientific and industrial applications. These improvements have significantly enhanced their performance and made them far easier to operate. But, ease of operation has also fostered operator complacency. In addition, the user-friendliness has reduced the need for extensive operator training. Unfortunately, this has led to the concept that the SEM is just another expensive digital camera or another peripheral device connected to a computer and that all of the issues related to obtaining quality data have been solved. Hence, a person ( or company) using these instruments may be lulled into thinking that all of the potential pitfalls have been fully eliminated and they believe everything they see on the micrograph is always correct. But, as described in this and the earlier presentations this may not be the case. The first paper in this series discussed some of the issues related to signal generation in the SEM, including instrument calibration, electron beam-sample interactions and the need for physics-based modelling to understand the actual image formation mechanisms to properly interpret SEM images. The second paper, discussed another major issue confronting the microscopist: specimen contamination and methods of contamination elimination. This third paper, discusses vibration and drift and some useful solutions. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cizmar, Petr] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-200-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9173 AR UNSP 917306 DI 10.1117/12.2062032 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BB5XW UT WOS:000344189100004 ER PT S AU Postek, MT AF Postek, Michael T. BE Postek, MT Orji, NG TI Nanomanufacturing Metrology for Cellulosic Nanomaterials: an Update SO INSTRUMENTATION, METROLOGY, AND STANDARDS FOR NANOMANUFACTURING, OPTICS, AND SEMICONDUCTORS VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing, Optics, and Semiconductors VIII CY AUG 20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; cellulose measurements; metrology; scanning electron microscope; SEM; standards; reference material AB The development of the metrology and standards for advanced manufacturing of cellulosic nanomaterials (or basically, wood-based nanotechnology) is imperative to the success of this rising economic sector. Wood-based nanotechnology is a revolutionary technology that will create new jobs and strengthen America's forest-based economy through industrial development and expansion. It allows this, previously perceived, low-tech industry to leap-frog directly into high-tech products and processes and thus improves its current economic slump. Recent global investments in nanotechnology programs have led to a deeper appreciation of the high performance nature of cellulose nanomaterials. Cellulose, manufactured to the smallest possible-size (similar to 2 nm x similar to 100 nm), is a high-value material that enables products to be lighter and stronger; have less embodied energy; utilize no catalysts in the manufacturing, are biologically compatible and, come from a readily renewable resource. In addition to the potential for a dramatic impact on the national economy - estimated to be as much as $250 billion worldwide by 2020 - cellulose-based nanotechnology creates a pathway for expanded and new markets utilizing these renewable materials. The installed capacity associated with the US pulp and paper industry represents an opportunity, with investment, to rapidly move to large scale production of nano-based materials. However, effective imaging, characterization and fundamental measurement science for process control and characterization are lacking at the present time. This talk will discuss some of these needed measurements and potential solutions. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-200-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9173 AR 917302 DI 10.1117/12.2064023 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics GA BB5XW UT WOS:000344189100001 ER PT J AU Passerotti, MS Andrews, AH Carlson, JK Wintner, SP Goldman, KJ Natanson, LJ AF Passerotti, M. S. Andrews, A. H. Carlson, J. K. Wintner, S. P. Goldman, K. J. Natanson, L. J. TI Maximum age and missing time in the vertebrae of sand tiger shark (Carcharias taurus): validated lifespan from bomb radiocarbon dating in the western North Atlantic and southwestern Indian Oceans SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE carbon-14; longevity; ragged tooth shark; spikkel-skeurtandhaai ID SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; SOUTH-AFRICA; RAFINESQUE 1810; C-14 DATA; GROWTH; CHRONOLOGIES; DEPOSITION; DELTA-C-14; AUSTRALIA; PRECISION AB Bomb radiocarbon analysis of vertebral growth bands was used to validate lifespan for sand tiger sharks (Carcharias taurus) from the western North Atlantic (WNA) and southwestern Indian Oceans (SIO). Visual counts of vertebral growth bands were used to assign age and estimate year of formation (YOF) for sampled growth bands in eight sharks from the WNA and two sharks from the SIO. Carbon-14 results were plotted relative to YOF for comparison with regional Delta C-14 reference chronologies to assess the accuracy of age estimates. Results from the WNA validated vertebral age estimates up to 12 years, but indicated that ages of large adult sharks were underestimated by 11-12 years. Age was also underestimated for adult sharks from the SIO by 14-18 years. Validated lifespan for C. taurus individuals in the present study reached at least 40 years for females and 34 years for males. Findings indicated that the current age-reading methodology is not suitable for estimating the age of C. taurus beyond similar to 12 years. Future work should investigate whether vertebrae of C. taurus record age throughout ontogeny, or cease to be a reliable indicator at some point in time. C1 [Passerotti, M. S.; Carlson, J. K.] Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Andrews, A. H.] Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Wintner, S. P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, KwaZulu Natal Sharks Board, ZA-4056 Durban, South Africa. [Wintner, S. P.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Biomed Resource Unit, ZA-4056 Durban, South Africa. [Goldman, K. J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Natanson, L. J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Passerotti, MS (reprint author), Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM mpasserotti@gmail.com RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources, Species of Concern Program [J8LPM38-P00]; NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Chip Cotton for assistance beyond the call of duty with procuring archival samples, as well as Alyssa Mathers for help with cataloguing and processing vertebrae. Jennifer Potts and the NMFS Beaufort laboratory provided laboratory space and invaluable assistance with processing. Beverly Barnett provided base maps in ArcView for the publication. Thanks also to Hans Walters (Wildlife Conservation Society), Alan Henningsen (Baltimore Aquarium), Dewayne Fox (Delaware State University) and Geremy Cliff (KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board) for helpful information regarding captive and wild sand tiger sharks. Thanks to Gary Fitzhugh, Alex Chester, Edward DeMartini and two anonymous reviewers for comments and suggestions on previous versions of this manuscript. Funding for this work was provided by NOAA Fisheries, Office of Protected Resources, Species of Concern Program (grant number J8LPM38-P00) and by NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Science Center. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2014 VL 65 IS 8 BP 674 EP 687 DI 10.1071/MF13214 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AS6NN UT WOS:000344380200002 ER PT J AU Song, ZY Liu, HL Wang, CZ Zhang, LP Qiao, FL AF Song, Z. Y. Liu, H. L. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, L. P. Qiao, F. L. TI Evaluation of the eastern equatorial Pacific SST seasonal cycle in CMIP5 models SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GLOBAL CLIMATE MODEL; COUPLED OCEAN; TROPICAL PACIFIC; SYSTEM MODEL; SIMULATIONS; VARIABILITY; BIASES AB The annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) has the largest amplitude in the tropical oceans, but it is poorly represented in the coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 3 (CMIP3). In this study, 18 models from CMIP5 are evaluated in terms of their capability of simulating the SST annual cycle in the EEP. Fourteen models are able to simulate the annual cycle fairly well, which suggests that the performances of CGCMs have been improved. The results of multi-model ensemble (MME) mean show that CMIP5 CGCMs can capture the annual cycle signal in the EEP with a correlation coefficient up to 0.9. Moreover, the CMIP5 models can simulate the westward propagation character of the EEP SST - in particular, EEP region 1 (EP1) near the eastern coast leading EEP region 2 (EP2) near the central equatorial Pacific by 1 to 2 months in spring. However, the models fail to reproduce the in-phase SST relationship between EP1 and EP2 in August and September. For amplitude simulations, the model SST in EP1 shows weaker seasonal variation than the observations due to the large warm SST biases from the southeastern tropical Pacific in the boreal autumn. In EP2, the simulated SST amplitudes are nearly the same as the observations while there is the presence of a quasi-constant cold bias associated with poor cold tongue simulation in the CGCMs. To improve CGCM simulation of a realistic SST seasonal cycle, local and remote SST biases that exist in both CMIP3 and CMIP5 CGCMs must be resolved at least for simulating the SSTs in the central equatorial Pacific and the southeastern tropical Pacific. C1 [Song, Z. Y.; Qiao, F. L.] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Liu, H. L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Liu, H. L.; Wang, C. Z.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Zhang, L. P.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Qiao, FL (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao, Peoples R China. EM qiaofl@fio.org.cn RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [41476023]; National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB950500]; NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centres [U1406404] FX This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant 41476023, the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) grant 2010CB950500 and NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centres grant U1406404. We acknowledge the ESG-PCMDI for providing the CMIP5 model datasets. We are also very grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their careful review and valuable comments, which led to substantial improvement of this manuscript. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 5 BP 837 EP 843 DI 10.5194/os-10-837-2014 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AS0AL UT WOS:000343940300006 ER PT S AU Newbury, DE Ritchie, NWM AF Newbury, Dale E. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Maugel, TK TI Rigorous Quantitative Elemental Microanalysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (SEM/EDS) with Spectrum Processing by NIST DTSA-II SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies CY SEP 16-18, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE DE DTSA-II; elemental analysis; energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); silicon drift detector - energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (SDD-EDS); quantitative analysis; x-ray microanalysis AB Quantitative electron-excited x-ray microanalysis by scanning electron microscopy/silicon drift detector energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM/SDD-EDS) is capable of achieving high accuracy and high precision equivalent to that of the high spectral resolution wavelength dispersive x-ray spectrometer even when severe peak interference occurs. The throughput of the SDD-EDS enables high count spectra to be measured that are stable in calibration and resolution (peak shape) across the full deadtime range. With this high spectral stability, multiple linear least squares peak fitting is successful for separating overlapping peaks and spectral background. Careful specimen preparation is necessary to remove topography on unknowns and standards. The standards-based matrix correction procedure embedded in the NIST DTSA-II software engine returns quantitative results supported by a complete error budget, including estimates of the uncertainties from measurement statistics and from the physical basis of the matrix corrections. NIST DTSA-II is available free for Java-platforms at: http://www.cstl.nist.gov/div837/837.02/epq/dtsa2/index.html). C1 [Newbury, Dale E.; Ritchie, Nicholas W. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, DE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-299-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9236 AR 92360H DI 10.1117/12.2065842 PG 17 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BB5JJ UT WOS:000343909200012 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, AE Cizmar, P AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras E. Cizmar, Petr BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Maugel, TK TI Does Your SEM Really Tell the Truth? - How would you know? Part 3: Vibration and Drift SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies CY SEP 16-18, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; measurements; metrology; modelling; vibration; drift; scanning electron microscope; SEM; standards; reference material ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; LARGE-DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS; EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION; QUANTITATIVE SMALL; METROLOGY; MAGNIFICATIONS; IMAGES AB This is the third of a series of papers discussing various causes of measurement uncertainty in scanned particle beam instruments, and some of the solutions researched and developed at NIST. Scanned particle beam instruments especially the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have gone through tremendous evolution to become indispensable tools for many and diverse scientific and industrial applications. These improvements have significantly enhanced their performance and made them far easier to operate. But, ease of operation has also fostered operator complacency. In addition, the user-friendliness has reduced the need for extensive operator training. Unfortunately, this has led to the concept that the SEM is just another expensive digital camera or another peripheral device connected to a computer and that all of the issues related to obtaining quality data have been solved. Hence, a person (or company) using these instruments may be lulled into thinking that all of the potential pitfalls have been fully eliminated and they believe everything they see on the micrograph is always correct. But, as described in this and the earlier presentations this may not be the case. The first paper in this series discussed some of the issues related to signal generation in the SEM, including instrument calibration, electron beam-sample interactions and the need for physics-based modelling to understand the actual image formation mechanisms to properly interpret SEM images. The second paper, discussed another major issue confronting the microscopist: specimen contamination and methods of contamination elimination. This third paper, discusses vibration and drift and some useful solutions. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cizmar, Petr] Physikalisch Tech Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-299-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9236 AR UNSP 923605 DI 10.1117/12.2065235 PG 10 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BB5JJ UT WOS:000343909200004 ER PT S AU Villarrubia, JS Vladar, AE Postek, MT AF Villarrubia, J. S. Vladar, A. E. Postek, M. T. BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Maugel, TK TI 3D Monte Carlo modeling of the SEM: Are there applications to photomask metrology? SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies CY SEP 16-18, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE DE charging; dimensional metrology; model-based library (MBL) metrology; photomask; scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ID SCANNING-ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; DIMENSIONAL METROLOGY; SCATTERING; SIMULATION; LIBRARY; LINES; BIAS AB The ability to model the effect of fields due to charges trapped in insulators with floating conductors has been added to JMONSEL (Java Monte Carlo simulator for Secondary Electrons) and applied to a simple photomask metal on glass geometry. These capabilities are prerequisites if model-based scanning electron microscope (SEM) metrology is to be extended beyond wafer to photomask applications, where such samples must frequently be measured. Model-based SEM is an alternative to the customary threshold-or gradient-based approach. It is more demanding inasmuch as it requires a model of the physics of image formation, but the reward is greater accuracy, lower sensitivity to secondary sample characteristics (e.g., edge shape) that affect the intensity, and information about 3D geometrical shape (not simply the width) of the measured features. The prerequisites are ability to measure a signal, such as the SEM image, that is sensitive to changes in the parameters one wishes to measure and a model that describes the relationship between the signal and the parameters. The simulation shows the development of the potential energy barrier to electron escape during an initial transient charging-up phase, accompanied by increasing electron recapture and stabilization of the average yield. C1 [Villarrubia, J. S.; Vladar, A. E.; Postek, M. T.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Villarrubia, JS (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-299-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9236 AR 923602 DI 10.1117/12.2069324 PG 12 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BB5JJ UT WOS:000343909200002 ER PT S AU Wu, CL Farkas, N Dagata, JA He, BC Fu, WE AF Wu, Chung-Lin Farkas, Natalia Dagata, John A. He, Bo-Ching Fu, Wei-En BE Postek, MT Newbury, DE Platek, SF Maugel, TK TI Particle Deformation Induced by AFM Tapping under Different Setpoint Voltages SO SCANNING MICROSCOPIES 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Scanning Microscopies CY SEP 16-18, 2014 CL Monterey, CA SP SPIE DE height; polystyrene nanoparticles; setpoint voltages (SPVs); atomic force microscopy (AFM) ID NANOPARTICLES AB The measured height of polystyrene nanoparticles varies with setpoint voltage during atomic force microscopy (AFM) tapping-mode imaging. Nanoparticle height was strongly influenced by the magnitude of the deformation caused by the AFM tapping forces, which was determined by the setpoint voltage. This influence quantity was studied by controlling the operational AFM setpoint voltage. A test sample consisting of well-dispersed 60-nm polystyrene and gold nanoparticles co-adsorbed on poly-l-lysine-coated mica was studied in this research. Gold nanoparticles have not only better mechanical property than polystyrene nanoparticles, but also obvious facets in AFM phase image. By using this sample of mixed nanoparticles, it allows us to confirm that the deformation resulted from the effect of setpoint voltage, not noise. In tapping mode, the deformation of polystyrene nanoparticles increased with decreasing setpoint voltage. Similar behavior was observed with both open loop and closed loop AFM instruments. C1 [Wu, Chung-Lin; He, Bo-Ching; Fu, Wei-En] Ind Technol Res Inst, Mat Res Labs, Ctr Measurement Stand, Hsinchu 31015, Taiwan. [Farkas, Natalia; Dagata, John A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fu, WE (reprint author), Ind Technol Res Inst, Mat Res Labs, Ctr Measurement Stand, Hsinchu 31015, Taiwan. EM WeienFu@itri.org.tw NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-299-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9236 AR UNSP 92360W DI 10.1117/12.2070356 PG 6 WC Microscopy; Optics SC Microscopy; Optics GA BB5JJ UT WOS:000343909200021 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Ginn, T Rempel-Hester, MA Arthur, C Rutherford, N AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Ginn, Thomas Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann Arthur, Courtney Rutherford, Nicolle TI Effects of Pollution on Marine Organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Tissue residues; toxicity; bioaccumulation; biomagnification; biomarkers; sediment quality; ecological risk assessment; endocrine disrupters; nano particles; POPs; PCBs; PAHs; PBDEs; radionuclides; pharmaceuticals; personal care products; trace metals; pesticides; biomarkers; marine biocides; oil spills; dispersants; sewage; debris; dredging; eutrophication; human disturbance; Arctic; Antarctic ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MUSSEL MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; COPEPOD TIGRIOPUS-JAPONICUS; HORIZON OIL-SPILL; WATER-ACCOMMODATED FRACTION; OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-HONGKONGENSIS; TRACE-ELEMENT BIOACCUMULATION; URCHIN PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; SEAGRASS CYMODOCEA-NODOSA AB This review covers selected 2013 articles on the biological effects of pollutants and human physical disturbances on marine and estuarine plants, animals, ecosystems and habitats, The review, based lamely on journal articles. coven's field and laboratory measurement activities (bioaccumulation of contaminants, field assessment surveys, toxicity testing and biomarkers) as well as pollution issues of current interest including endocrine disrupters, emerging contaminants, wastewater discharges, dredging and disposal, etc. Special emphasis is placed on effects of oil spills and marine debris due in part to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil blowout in the Gulf of Mexico and the 2011 Japanese tsunami, Several topical areas reviewed in the past (ballast water and ocean acidification) Were dropped this year, The focus of this review is on effects, not pollutant bate and transport There is considerable overlap across subject areas (e.g. some bioaccumulation papers may be cited in other topical categories). Please use keyword searching of the text to locate related but distributed papers. Use this review only as a guide and please consult the original papers before citing them. C1 [Mearns, Alan J.; Rutherford, Nicolle] NOAA, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Alexandria, VA USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Rempel-Hester, Mary Ann] Aquat Toxicol Support, Bremerton, WA USA. [Arthur, Courtney] IM Syst Grp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Arthur, Courtney] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.meams@noaa.gov NR 339 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 12 U2 136 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 EI 1554-7531 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2014 VL 86 IS 10 BP 1869 EP 1954 DI 10.2175/106143014X14031280668498 PG 86 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AR9RW UT WOS:000343914400034 ER PT S AU Jiao, GF Lu, JW Campbell, JP Ryan, JT Cheung, KP Young, CD Bersuker, G AF Jiao, G. F. Lu, J. W. Campbell, J. P. Ryan, J. T. Cheung, K. P. Young, C. D. Bersuker, G. GP IEEE TI Circuit Speed Timing Jitter Increase in Random Logic Operation after NBTI Stress SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliability Soc ID BIAS TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY AB Recently, much effort has been spent trying to relate NBTI observations to real circuit impacts. While many of these efforts rely on circuit simulation to bridge this gap, an experimental approach is, of course, preferred. In this study we provide this experimental solution in the form of eye-diagram measurements to quantify NBTI-induced changes in timing jitter. We investigate these NBTI-induced jitter increases using a variety of ring-oscillator as well as pseudo-random gate patterns. The pseudo-random gate pattern is a close approximation to real world random logic. We observe that the NBTI-induced jitter increase depends strongly on the chosen gate pattern and is most severe for the pseudo-random case. These observations strongly suggest that more regular gate pattern (ring-oscillator) measurements underestimate the circuit impact of NBTI. C1 [Jiao, G. F.; Lu, J. W.; Campbell, J. P.; Ryan, J. T.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Young, C. D.] Univ Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Eng, Dallas, TX USA. [Bersuker, G.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY USA. RP Jiao, GF (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4799-3317-4 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB5GG UT WOS:000343833200105 ER PT S AU Shrestha, PR Nminibapiel, D Kim, JH Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Deora, S Bersuker, G Baumgart, H AF Shrestha, P. R. Nminibapiel, D. Kim, J-H. Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Deora, S. Bersuker, G. Baumgart, H. GP IEEE TI Energy Control Paradigm for Compliance-Free Reliable Operation of RRAM SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS) CY JUN 01-05, 2014 CL Waikoloa, HI SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliability Soc DE RRAM; current compliance; pulsed forming; reliability AB We demonstrate reliable RRAM operation by controlling the forming energy via short voltage pulses (picosecond range) which eliminates the need for a current compliance element. We further show that the dissipated energy during forming and SET/RESET processes plays a critical role. The SET/RESET cycling endurance of thus formed devices is shown to also be dependent on the SET/RESET energy. Multiple-pulse forming is also investigated as a method to further tighten the control of forming energy with promising endurance results. C1 [Shrestha, P. R.; Nminibapiel, D.; Kim, J-H.; Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Deora, S.; Bersuker, G.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX USA. [Shrestha, P. R.; Nminibapiel, D.; Baumgart, H.] Old Domin Univ, Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Shrestha, PR (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4799-3317-4 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BB5GG UT WOS:000343833200166 ER PT J AU Ait-Helal, W Borbon, A Sauvage, S de Gouw, JA Colomb, A Gros, V Freutel, F Crippa, M Afif, C Baltensperger, U Beekmann, M Doussin, JF Durand-Jolibois, R Fronval, I Grand, N Leonardis, T Lopez, M Michoud, V Miet, K Perrier, S Prevot, ASH Schneider, J Siour, G Zapf, P Locoge, N AF Ait-Helal, W. Borbon, A. Sauvage, S. de Gouw, J. A. Colomb, A. Gros, V. Freutel, F. Crippa, M. Afif, C. Baltensperger, U. Beekmann, M. Doussin, J-F Durand-Jolibois, R. Fronval, I. Grand, N. Leonardis, T. Lopez, M. Michoud, V. Miet, K. Perrier, S. Prevot, A. S. H. Schneider, J. Siour, G. Zapf, P. Locoge, N. TI Volatile and intermediate volatility organic compounds in suburban Paris: variability, origin and importance for SOA formation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADICAL-INITIATED REACTIONS; POWERED MOTOR-VEHICLES; URBAN BACKGROUND SITE; DUTY DIESEL TRUCKS; ON-ROAD EMISSIONS; N-ALKANES; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS AB Measurements of gaseous and particulate organic carbon were performed during the MEGAPOLI experiments, in July 2009 and January-February 2010, at the SIRTA observatory in suburban Paris. Measurements comprise primary and secondary volatile organic compounds (VOCs), of both anthropogenic and biogenic origins, including C-12-C-16 n-alkanes of intermediate volatility (IVOCs), suspected to be efficient precursors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The time series of gaseous carbon are generally consistent with times series of particulate organic carbon at regional scale, and are clearly affected by meteorology and air mass origin. Concentration levels of anthropogenic VOCs in urban and suburban Paris were surprisingly low (2-963 ppt) compared to other megacities worldwide and to rural continental sites. Urban enhancement ratios of anthropogenic VOC pairs agree well between the urban and suburban Paris sites, showing the regional extent of anthropogenic sources of similar composition. Contrary to other primary anthropogenic VOCs (aromatics and alkanes), IVOCs showed lower concentrations in winter (< 5 ppt) compared to summer (13-27 ppt), which cannot be explained by the gas-particle partitioning theory. Higher concentrations of most oxygenated VOCs in winter (18-5984 ppt) suggest their dominant primary anthropogenic origin. The respective role of primary anthropogenic gaseous compounds in regional SOA formation was investigated by estimating the SOA mass concentration expected from the anthropogenic VOCs and IVOCs (I/VOCs) measured at SIRTA. From an integrated approach based on emission ratios and SOA yields, 38% of the SOA measured at SIRTA is explained by the measured concentrations of I/VOCs, with a 2% contribution by C-12-C-16 n-alkane IVOCs. From the results of an alternative time-resolved approach, the average IVOC contribution to SOA formation is estimated to be 7 %, which is half of the average contribution of the traditional aromatic compounds (15 %). Both approaches, which are based on in situ observations of particular I/VOCs, emphasize the importance of the intermediate volatility compounds in the SOA formation, and support previous results from chamber experiments and modeling studies. They also support the need to make systematic the IVOCs' speciated measurement during field campaigns. C1 [Ait-Helal, W.; Sauvage, S.; Fronval, I.; Leonardis, T.; Locoge, N.] Univ Lille Nord France, F-59000 Lille, France. [Ait-Helal, W.; Sauvage, S.; Fronval, I.; Leonardis, T.; Locoge, N.] Ecole Mines Douai, Dept Chim & Environm, F-59508 Douai, France. [Ait-Helal, W.; Borbon, A.; Afif, C.; Beekmann, M.; Doussin, J-F; Durand-Jolibois, R.; Grand, N.; Michoud, V.; Miet, K.; Perrier, S.; Siour, G.; Zapf, P.] UPD, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, UPEC,IPSL, Creteil, France. [de Gouw, J. A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Colomb, A.] Univ Blaise Pascal, Clermont Univ, LaMP, UMR CNRS 6016, Aubiere, France. [Gros, V.; Lopez, M.] Univ Versailles St Quentin Yvelines, LSCE, CNRS 8212, CEA, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Freutel, F.; Schneider, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Crippa, M.; Baltensperger, U.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Afif, C.] Univ St Joseph, Fac Sci, Ctr Anal & Rech, Beirut, Lebanon. RP Borbon, A (reprint author), UPD, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, UPEC,IPSL, Creteil, France. EM agnes.borbon@lisa.u-pec.fr RI Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Schneider, Johannes/A-2674-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Doussin, Jean-Francois/C-5246-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Schneider, Johannes/0000-0001-7169-3973; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Doussin, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-8042-7228; MIET, Killian/0000-0002-7829-0787 FU European Union's Seventh Framework Program FP [212520]; French ANR project MEGAPOLI - PARIS [ANR-09-BLAN-0356]; French ADEME via the CNRS-INSU/LEFE; European Community within the seventh Framework Program: Eurochamp-2 (EU-FP7) [228335]; ADEME; Fulbright Commission FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program FP/2007-2011 under grant agreement no. 212520. Support from the French ANR project MEGAPOLI - PARIS (ANR-09-BLAN-0356), from the French ADEME via the CNRS-INSU/LEFE program is acknowledged. This research work has been supported by the European Community within the seventh Framework Program: Eurochamp-2 (EU-FP7 grant agreement no. 228335).; The authors acknowledge ADEME and the Fulbright Commission for their financial support to W. Ait-Helal doctoral researches. The authors acknowledge M. Haeffelin, the SIRTA and the LHVP team for their technical support. R. Sarda-Esteve and J. Nicolas are kindly acknowledged for the CO measurements at SIRTA. The authors also thank Tera Environnement for lending the sampling systems. The authors thankfully acknowledge A. Stohl, J. F. Burkhart and S. Eckhardt for the FLEXPART simulations. Finally, the authors thank all the people who helped with their insights on the data and its analysis: F. Ozturk and R. Bahreini for all the discussions on the particulate matter and its measurement by AMS, P. Ziemann for the kind help on the SOA yield of IVOCs. The French ether database (http://ether.ipsl.jussieu.fr/megapoli/) is acknowledged for hosting the experimental data. NR 163 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 65 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 19 BP 10439 EP 10464 DI 10.5194/acp-14-10439-2014 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3GF UT WOS:000344164800004 ER PT J AU Lothon, M Lohou, F Pino, D Couvreux, F Pardyjak, ER Reuder, J de Arellano, JVG Durand, P Hartogensis, O Legain, D Augustin, P Gioli, B Lenschow, DH Faloona, I Yague, C Alexander, DC Angevine, WM Bargain, E Barrie, J Bazile, E Bezombes, Y Blay-Carreras, E van de Boer, A Boichard, JL Bourdon, A Butet, A Campistron, B de Coster, O Cuxart, J Dabas, A Darbieu, C Deboudt, K Delbarre, H Derrien, S Flament, P Fourmentin, M Garai, A Gibert, F Graf, A Groebner, J Guichard, F Jimenez, MA Jonassen, M van den Kroonenberg, A Magliulo, V Martin, S Martinez, D Mastrorillo, L Moene, AF Molinos, F Moulin, E Pietersen, HP Piguet, B Pique, E Roman-Cascon, C Rufin-Soler, C Said, F Sastre-Marugan, M Seity, Y Steeneveld, GJ Toscano, P Traulle, O Tzanos, D Wacker, S Wildmann, N Zaldei, A AF Lothon, M. Lohou, F. Pino, D. Couvreux, F. Pardyjak, E. R. Reuder, J. de Arellano, J. Vila-Guerau Durand, P. Hartogensis, O. Legain, D. Augustin, P. Gioli, B. Lenschow, D. H. Faloona, I. Yaguee, C. Alexander, D. C. Angevine, W. M. Bargain, E. Barrie, J. Bazile, E. Bezombes, Y. Blay-Carreras, E. van de Boer, A. Boichard, J. L. Bourdon, A. Butet, A. Campistron, B. de Coster, O. Cuxart, J. Dabas, A. Darbieu, C. Deboudt, K. Delbarre, H. Derrien, S. Flament, P. Fourmentin, M. Garai, A. Gibert, F. Graf, A. Groebner, J. Guichard, F. Jimenez, M. A. Jonassen, M. van den Kroonenberg, A. Magliulo, V. Martin, S. Martinez, D. Mastrorillo, L. Moene, A. F. Molinos, F. Moulin, E. Pietersen, H. P. Piguet, B. Pique, E. Roman-Cascon, C. Rufin-Soler, C. Said, F. Sastre-Marugan, M. Seity, Y. Steeneveld, G. J. Toscano, P. Traulle, O. Tzanos, D. Wacker, S. Wildmann, N. Zaldei, A. TI The BLLAST field experiment: Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; OBSERVED EVENING TRANSITION; DOPPLER SPECTRAL WIDTH; LOW-LEVEL JETS; CONVECTIVE TURBULENCE; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; SURFACE-LAYER; KINETIC-ENERGY; DRAINAGE FLOW; LENGTH SCALES AB Due to the major role of the sun in heating the earth's surface, the atmospheric planetary boundary layer over land is inherently marked by a diurnal cycle. The afternoon transition, the period of the day that connects the daytime dry convective boundary layer to the night-time stable boundary layer, still has a number of unanswered scientific questions. This phase of the diurnal cycle is challenging from both modelling and observational perspectives: it is transitory, most of the forcings are small or null and the turbulence regime changes from fully convective, close to homogeneous and isotropic, toward a more heterogeneous and intermittent state. These issues motivated the BLLAST (Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence) field campaign that was conducted from 14 June to 8 July 2011 in southern France, in an area of complex and heterogeneous terrain. A wide range of instrumented platforms including full-size aircraft, remotely piloted aircraft systems, remote-sensing instruments, radiosoundings, tethered balloons, surface flux stations and various meteorological towers were deployed over different surface types. The boundary layer, from the earth's surface to the free troposphere, was probed during the entire day, with a focus and intense observation periods that were conducted from midday until sunset. The BLLAST field campaign also provided an opportunity to test innovative measurement systems, such as new miniaturized sensors, and a new technique for frequent radiosoundings of the low troposphere. Twelve fair weather days displaying various meteorological conditions were extensively documented during the field experiment. The boundary-layer growth varied from one day to another depending on many contributions including stability, advection, subsidence, the state of the previous day's residual layer, as well as local, meso-or synoptic scale conditions. Ground-based measurements combined with tethered-balloon and airborne observations captured the turbulence decay from the surface throughout the whole boundary layer and documented the evolution of the turbulence characteristic length scales during the transition period. Closely integrated with the field experiment, numerical studies are now underway with a complete hierarchy of models to support the data interpretation and improve the model representations. C1 [Lothon, M.; Lohou, F.; Durand, P.; Bargain, E.; Bezombes, Y.; Campistron, B.; Darbieu, C.; Derrien, S.; Pique, E.; Said, F.] Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Pino, D.; Blay-Carreras, E.] Barcelona Tech UPC, Appl Phys Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Couvreux, F.; Legain, D.; Barrie, J.; Bazile, E.; Dabas, A.; Guichard, F.; Moulin, E.; Piguet, B.; Seity, Y.; Traulle, O.; Tzanos, D.] Meteo France, CNRM GAME, UMR3589, Toulouse, France. [Couvreux, F.; Legain, D.; Barrie, J.; Bazile, E.; Dabas, A.; Guichard, F.; Moulin, E.; Piguet, B.; Seity, Y.; Traulle, O.; Tzanos, D.] CNRS, Toulouse, France. [Pardyjak, E. R.; Alexander, D. C.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Reuder, J.; Jonassen, M.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [de Arellano, J. Vila-Guerau; Hartogensis, O.; van de Boer, A.; de Coster, O.; Moene, A. F.; Pietersen, H. P.; Steeneveld, G. J.] Wageningen Univ, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Augustin, P.; Deboudt, K.; Delbarre, H.; Flament, P.; Fourmentin, M.] Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, Lab Phys & Chim Atmospher, Dunkerque, France. [Gioli, B.; Toscano, P.; Zaldei, A.] Natl Res Council IBIMET CNR, Inst Biometeorol, Florence, Italy. [Lenschow, D. H.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Faloona, I.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA USA. [Yaguee, C.; Roman-Cascon, C.; Sastre-Marugan, M.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Geofis & Meteorol, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Angevine, W. M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, W. M.] NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Boichard, J. L.; Mastrorillo, L.] OMP, SEDOO, Toulouse, France. [Bourdon, A.; Butet, A.] Meteo France, CNES, CNRS, Serv Avions Francais Instrumentes Rech Environm, Francazal, France. [Cuxart, J.; Martinez, D.; Molinos, F.] Univ Illes Balears, Dept Fis, Palma De Mallorca, Spain. [Garai, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Gibert, F.] Ecole Polytech, Meteorol Dynam Lab, Palaiseau, France. [Graf, A.] Inst Bio & Geowissensch, Julich, Germany. [Groebner, J.; Wacker, S.] PMOD WRC, Davos, Switzerland. [Jimenez, M. A.] Mediterranean Inst Adv Studies UIB CSIC, Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain. [van den Kroonenberg, A.; Martinez, D.; Wildmann, N.] Univ Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany. [Martin, S.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Rufin-Soler, C.] Inst Rech Environm Ind IRENI, Dunkerque, France. [Pino, D.] Inst Space Studies Catalonia IEEC UPC, Barcelona, Spain. [van de Boer, A.] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, Bonn, Germany. [Magliulo, V.] Natl Res Council ISAFOM CNR, Inst Mediterranean Agr & Forest Syst, Naples, Italy. RP Lothon, M (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, Lab Aerol, CNRS, Toulouse, France. EM marie.lothon@aero.obs-mip.fr RI Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/B-2816-2010; Gioli, Beniamino/A-1251-2009; Graf, Alexander/D-1963-2009; Pino, David/F-7940-2014; Martinez, Daniel/H-4534-2015; Jimenez, Maria/K-8724-2015; Vila, Jordi /B-4538-2010; magliulo, vincenzo/A-4858-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Yague, Carlos/G-4498-2011; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013 OI Moene, Arnold/0000-0003-3614-8544; LENSCHOW, DONALD/0000-0003-4353-0098; Toscano, Piero/0000-0001-9184-0707; Piguet, Bruno/0000-0002-8070-7924; Steeneveld, Gert-Jan/0000-0002-5922-8179; Gioli, Beniamino/0000-0001-7631-2623; Graf, Alexander/0000-0003-4870-7622; Pino, David/0000-0002-4512-0175; Martinez, Daniel/0000-0002-8718-9883; Jimenez, Maria/0000-0002-8411-5512; magliulo, vincenzo/0000-0001-5505-6552; Yague, Carlos/0000-0002-6086-4877; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116 FU INSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de l'UniversINSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, LEFE-IMAGO program); Meteo-France; Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees (University of Toulouse); EUFAR (EUropean Facility for Airborne Research) BLLATE-12; COST [ES0802]; Spanish MINECO projects [CGL2009-08609, CGL2012-37416-C04-03, CGL2012-37416-C04-02, CGL2011-13477-E] FX The BLLAST field experiment was made possible thanks to the contribution of several institutions and supports: INSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, LEFE-IMAGO program), Meteo-France, Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees (University of Toulouse), EUFAR (EUropean Facility for Airborne Research) BLLATE-1&2, COST ES0802 (European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical) and the Spanish MINECO projects CGL2009-08609, CGL2012-37416-C04-03, CGL2012-37416-C04-02 and CGL2011-13477-E. The field experiment would not have occurred without the contribution of all participating European and American research groups, which all have contributed in a significant amount. The Piper Aztec research airplane is operated by SAFIRE, which is a unit supported by INSU-CNRS, Meteo-France and the French Spatial Agency (CNES). BLLAST field experiment was hosted by the instrumented site of Centre de Recherches Atmospheriques, Lannemezan, France (Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees, Laboratoire d'Aerologie). Its 60 m tower is partly supported by the POCTEFA/FLUXPYR European program. BLLAST data are managed by SEDOO, from Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees. See http://bllast.sedoo.fr for all contributions. Since 2013, the French ANR supports BLLAST analysis. Finally, we thank Harm J. J. Jonker, Robert J. Beare and Zbignew Sorbjan for fruitful discussions. NR 136 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 20 BP 10931 EP 10960 DI 10.5194/acp-14-10931-2014 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3GO UT WOS:000344165800002 ER PT J AU Houweling, S Krol, M Bergamaschi, P Frankenberg, C Dlugokencky, EJ Morino, I Notholt, J Sherlock, V Wunch, D Beck, V Gerbig, C Chen, H Kort, EA Rockmann, T Aben, I AF Houweling, S. Krol, M. Bergamaschi, P. Frankenberg, C. Dlugokencky, E. J. Morino, I. Notholt, J. Sherlock, V. Wunch, D. Beck, V. Gerbig, C. Chen, H. Kort, E. A. Rockmann, T. Aben, I. TI A multi-year methane inversion using SCIAMACHY, accounting for systematic errors using TCCON measurements (vol 14, pg 3991, 2014) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Houweling, S.; Krol, M.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, S.; Krol, M.; Rockmann, T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual MAQ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Bergamaschi, P.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Va, Italy. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Morino, I.] NIES, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Notholt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Sherlock, V.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Beck, V.; Gerbig, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Chen, H.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res CIO, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. [Chen, H.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kort, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Houweling, S (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM s.houweling@sron.nl RI Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 20 BP 10961 EP 10962 DI 10.5194/acp-14-10961-2014 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3GO UT WOS:000344165800003 ER PT J AU Warneke, C Geiger, F Edwards, PM Dube, W Petron, G Kofler, J Zahn, A Brown, SS Graus, M Gilman, JB Lerner, BM Peischl, J Ryerson, TB de Gouw, JA Roberts, JM AF Warneke, C. Geiger, F. Edwards, P. M. Dube, W. Petron, G. Kofler, J. Zahn, A. Brown, S. S. Graus, M. Gilman, J. B. Lerner, B. M. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. de Gouw, J. A. Roberts, J. M. TI Volatile organic compound emissions from the oil and natural gas industry in the Uintah Basin, Utah: oil and gas well pad emissions compared to ambient air composition SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; UNITED-STATES; OZONE; HYDROCARBONS; VALIDATION; METHANE; WINTER; SHALE AB Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with oil and natural gas production in the Uintah Basin, Utah were measured at a ground site in Horse Pool and from a NOAA mobile laboratory with PTR-MS instruments. The VOC compositions in the vicinity of individual gas and oil wells and other point sources such as evaporation ponds, compressor stations and injection wells are compared to the measurements at Horse Pool. High mixing ratios of aromatics, alkanes, cycloalkanes and methanol were observed for extended periods of time and for short-term spikes caused by local point sources. The mixing ratios during the time the mobile laboratory spent on the well pads were averaged. High mixing ratios were found close to all point sources, but gas well pads with collection and dehydration on the well pad were clearly associated with higher mixing ratios than other wells. The comparison of the VOC composition of the emissions from the oil and natural gas well pads showed that gas well pads without dehydration on the well pad compared well with the majority of the data at Horse Pool, and that oil well pads compared well with the rest of the ground site data. Oil well pads on average emit heavier compounds than gas well pads. The mobile laboratory measurements confirm the results from an emissions inventory: the main VOC source categories from individual point sources are dehydrators, oil and condensate tank flashing and pneumatic devices and pumps. Raw natural gas is emitted from the pneumatic devices and pumps and heavier VOC mixes from the tank flashings. C1 [Warneke, C.; Edwards, P. M.; Dube, W.; Petron, G.; Kofler, J.; Graus, M.; Gilman, J. B.; Lerner, B. M.; Peischl, J.; de Gouw, J. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Warneke, C.; Edwards, P. M.; Dube, W.; Brown, S. S.; Graus, M.; Gilman, J. B.; Lerner, B. M.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; de Gouw, J. A.; Roberts, J. M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Geiger, F.; Zahn, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Petron, G.; Kofler, J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Warneke, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM carsten.warneke@noaa.gov RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; FU Western Energy Alliance; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; NOAA Climate Program Office - Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; HGF Graduate School for Climate and Environment FX We thank Questar Energy Products, in particular Stephanie Tomkinson, for the Horse Pool site preparation and logistical support. We thank Nicole Downey for useful discussions. This work was supported in part by the Western Energy Alliance. This work was also supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program and by the NOAA Climate Program Office - Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. Felix Geiger acknowledges a grant from HGF Graduate School for Climate and Environment. NR 23 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 70 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 20 BP 10977 EP 10988 DI 10.5194/acp-14-10977-2014 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3GO UT WOS:000344165800005 ER PT J AU Wang, X Heald, CL Ridley, DA Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Perring, AE Coe, H Liu, D Clarke, AD AF Wang, X. Heald, C. L. Ridley, D. A. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Perring, A. E. Coe, H. Liu, D. Clarke, A. D. TI Exploiting simultaneous observational constraints on mass and absorption to estimate the global direct radiative forcing of black carbon and brown carbon SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; UNITED-STATES; CROSS-SECTION; MIXING STATE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ANGSTROM EXPONENT; SOOT AEROSOLS; CO-BENEFITS AB Atmospheric black carbon (BC) is a leading climate warming agent, yet uncertainties on the global direct radiative forcing (DRF) remain large. Here we expand a global model simulation (GEOS-Chem) of BC to include the absorption enhancement associated with BC coating and separately treat both the aging and physical properties of fossil-fuel and biomass-burning BC. In addition we develop a global simulation of brown carbon (BrC) from both secondary (aromatic) and primary (biomass burning and biofuel) sources. The global mean lifetime of BC in this simulation (4.4 days) is substantially lower compared to the AeroCom I model means (7.3 days), and as a result, this model captures both the mass concentrations measured in near-source airborne field campaigns (ARCTAS, EUCAARI) and surface sites within 30%, and in remote regions (HIPPO) within a factor of 2. We show that the new BC optical properties together with the inclusion of BrC reduces the model bias in absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) at multiple wavelengths by more than 50% at AERONET sites worldwide. However our improved model still underestimates AAOD by a factor of 1.4 to 2.8 regionally, with the largest underestimates in regions influenced by fire. Using the RRTMG model integrated with GEOS-Chem we estimate that the all-sky top-of-atmosphere DRF of BC is +0.13 Wm(-2) (0.08 Wm(-2) from anthropogenic sources and 0.05 Wm(-2) from biomass burning). If we scale our model to match AERONET AAOD observations we estimate the DRF of BC is +0.21 Wm(-2), with an additional +0.11 Wm(-2) of warming from BrC. Uncertainties in size, optical properties, observations, and emissions suggest an overall uncertainty in BC DRF of -80%/+140%. Our estimates are at the lower end of the 0.2-1.0 Wm(-2) range from previous studies, and substantially less than the +0.6 Wm(-2) DRF estimated in the IPCC 5th Assessment Report. We suggest that the DRF of BC has previously been overestimated due to the overestimation of the BC lifetime (including the effect on the vertical profile) and the incorrect attribution of BrC absorption to BC. C1 [Wang, X.; Heald, C. L.; Ridley, D. A.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Heald, C. L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Perring, A. E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Spackman, J. R.] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Spackman, J. R.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Coe, H.; Liu, D.] Univ Manchester, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Clarke, A. D.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Wang, X (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM xuanw12@mit.edu RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wang, Xuan/D-2970-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Liu, Dantong/E-6668-2017; OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Liu, Dantong/0000-0002-3879-2280; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713 FU EPA-STAR program; US EPA [RD-83503301] FX This work was supported by the EPA-STAR program. Although the research described in this article has been funded in part by the US EPA through grant/cooperative agreement (RD-83503301), it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. We thank Cameron McNaughton and Yutaka Kondo for providing measurements of BC mass concentrations from the ARCTAS campaign. NR 110 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 9 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 20 BP 10989 EP 11010 DI 10.5194/acp-14-10989-2014 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3GO UT WOS:000344165800006 ER PT J AU Cui, YY Hodzic, A Smith, JN Ortega, J Brioude, J Matsui, H Levin, EJT Turnipseed, A Winkler, P de Foy, B AF Cui, Y. Y. Hodzic, A. Smith, J. N. Ortega, J. Brioude, J. Matsui, H. Levin, E. J. T. Turnipseed, A. Winkler, P. de Foy, B. TI Modeling ultrafine particle growth at a pine forest site influenced by anthropogenic pollution during BEACHON-RoMBAS 2011 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL NUCLEATION; SULFURIC-ACID CONCENTRATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GLOBAL CCN; CONDENSATION; EVENTS; IMPACT AB Formation and growth of ultrafine particles is crudely represented in chemistry-climate models, contributing to uncertainties in aerosol composition, size distribution, and aerosol effects on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. Measurements of ultrafine particles, their precursor gases, and meteorological parameters were performed in a ponderosa pine forest in the Colorado Front Range in July-August 2011, and were analyzed to study processes leading to small particle burst events (PBEs) which were characterized by an increase in the number concentrations of ultrafine 4-30 nm diameter size particles. These measurements suggest that PBEs were associated with the arrival at the site of anthropogenic pollution plumes midday to early afternoon. During PBEs, number concentrations of 4-30 nm diameter particles typically exceeded 10(4) cm(-3), and these elevated concentrations coincided with increased SO2 and monoterpene concentrations, and led to a factor-of-2 increase in CCN concentrations at 0.5% supersaturation. The PBEs were simulated using the regional WRF-Chem model, which was extended to account for ultrafine particle sizes starting at 1 nm in diameter, to include an empirical activation nucleation scheme in the planetary boundary layer, and to explicitly simulate the subsequent growth of Aitken particles (10-100 nm) by condensation of organic and inorganic vapors. The updated model reasonably captured measured aerosol number concentrations and size distribution during PBEs, as well as ground-level CCN concentrations. Model results suggest that sulfuric acid originating from anthropogenic SO2 triggered PBEs, and that the condensation of monoterpene oxidation products onto freshly nucleated particles contributes to their growth. The simulated growth rate of similar to 3.4 nm h(-1) for 440 nm diameter particles was comparable to the measured average value of 2.3 nm h(-1). Results also suggest that the presence of PBEs tends to modify the composition of sub-20 nm diameter particles, leading to a higher mass fraction of sulfate aerosols. Sensitivity simulations suggest that the representation of nucleation processes in the model largely influences the predicted number concentrations and thus CCN concentrations. We estimate that nucleation contributes 67% of surface CCN at 0.5% supersaturation in this pine forest environment. C1 [Cui, Y. Y.; de Foy, B.] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Hodzic, A.; Smith, J. N.; Ortega, J.; Turnipseed, A.; Winkler, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Smith, J. N.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. [Brioude, J.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brioude, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matsui, H.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Levin, E. J. T.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Winkler, P.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Hodzic, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM alma@ucar.edu RI Levin, Ezra/F-5809-2010; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; FU DOE [DE-FG0208ER64627]; NCAR; NCAR's Advanced Study Program/Graduate Visitor Program; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [J3198-N21]; National Science Foundation [ATM-0919317]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0006861] FX The authors would like to acknowledge data contributions, interesting discussions and editing from Lisa Kaser (University of Innsbruck, Austria, and ASP postdoc at National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR), Ezra Levin (Colorado State University), David Gochis (National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR), Jerome Fast (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, PNNL), and Christoph Knote (National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR). This research has been supported by the DOE DE-FG0208ER64627 grant, and NCAR which is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research on behalf of the National Science Foundation. Authors would like to thank in particular the generous support of the NCAR's Advanced Study Program/Graduate Visitor Program. P. Winkler acknowledges financial support from the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, project no. J3198-N21). J. N. Smith acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (ATM-0919317) and US Department of Energy (DE-SC0006861). NR 69 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 20 BP 11011 EP 11029 DI 10.5194/acp-14-11011-2014 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3GO UT WOS:000344165800007 ER PT J AU Hu, X Li, D Huang, H Shen, S Bou-Zeid, E AF Hu, X. Li, D. Huang, H. Shen, S. Bou-Zeid, E. TI Modeling and sensitivity analysis of transport and deposition of radionuclides from the Fukushima Dai-ichi accident SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-POWER-PLANT; SCALE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION; DRY DEPOSITION; SOURCE-TERM; AIRBORNE RADIONUCLIDES; SIMULATION; CHERNOBYL; DISCHARGE; PARAMETERIZATION AB The atmospheric transport and ground deposition of radioactive isotopes I-131 and Cs-137 during and after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident (March 2011) are investigated using the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. The aim is to assess the skill of WRF in simulating these processes and the sensitivity of the model's performance to various parameterizations of unresolved physics. The WRF-Chem model is first upgraded by implementing a radioactive decay term into the advection-diffusion solver and adding three parameterizations for dry deposition and two parameterizations for wet deposition. Different microphysics and horizontal turbulent diffusion schemes are then tested for their ability to reproduce observed meteorological conditions. Subsequently, the influence of emission characteristics (including the emission rate, the gas partitioning of I-131 and the size distribution of Cs-137) on the simulated transport and deposition is examined. The results show that the model can predict the wind fields and rainfall realistically and that the ground deposition of the radionuclides can also be captured reasonably well. The modeled precipitation is largely influenced by the microphysics schemes, while the influence of the horizontal diffusion schemes on the wind fields is subtle. However, the ground deposition of radionuclides is sensitive to both horizontal diffusion schemes and microphysical schemes. Wet deposition dominated over dry deposition at most of the observation stations, but not at all locations in the simulated domain. To assess the sensitivity of the total daily deposition to all of the model physics and inputs, the averaged absolute value of the difference (AAD) is proposed. Based on AAD, the total deposition is mainly influenced by the emission rate for both I-131 and Cs-137; while it is not sensitive to the dry deposition parameterizations since the dry deposition is just a minor fraction of the total deposition. Moreover, for I-131, the deposition is moderately sensitive (AAD between 10 and 40% between different runs) to the microphysics schemes, the horizontal diffusion schemes, gas-partitioning and wet deposition parameterizations. For Cs-137, the deposition is very sensitive (AAD exceeding 40% between different runs) to the microphysics schemes and wet deposition parameterizations, but moderately sensitive to the horizontal diffusion schemes and the size distribution. C1 [Hu, X.] Peoples Publ Secur Univ China, Inst Police Informat Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Hu, X.; Huang, H.; Shen, S.] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Publ Safety Res, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hu, X.; Bou-Zeid, E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Li, D.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Engn Phys, Inst Publ Safety Res, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM hhong@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn FU Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China under 863 [2012AA050907]; National Nature Science Foundation of China [71373140]; State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian [SKLNBC0308]; Independent Research Program of Tsinghua University [2012Z10137, 2012THZ0124]; Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of the State Education Ministry FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China under 863 (Grant no. 2012AA050907), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 71373140), the State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian (no. SKLNBC0308), the Independent Research Program of Tsinghua University (2012Z10137, 2012THZ0124) and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of the State Education Ministry. E. Bou-Zeid and D. Li, and the 1-year exchange visit of X. Hu to Princeton University, are partially supported by a grant from an anonymous donor aimed at studying anthropogenic impacts on the hydrological cycle and water resources in China. We are grateful to Maofeng Liu for helping us to process the figures and Ting Sun for providing the forcing data used in the simulations. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 20 BP 11065 EP 11092 DI 10.5194/acp-14-11065-2014 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AS3GO UT WOS:000344165800009 ER PT J AU deReynier, YL AF deReynier, Yvonne L. TI U.S. Fishery Management councils as ecosystem based management policy takers and policymakers SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based management; fishery management councils; Magnuson-Stevens Act; U; S; ocean policy ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; BOTTOM TRAWL FISHERY; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PRESIDENTIAL POWER; EXECUTIVE ORDERS; MARINE MAMMALS; UNITED-STATES; BYCATCH; ACT; IMPLEMENTATION AB The United States has a new national ocean policy that adopts ecosystem-based management (EBM) as its first principle for managing U.S. ocean spaces and marine resources. However, U.S. laws that govern the uses of ocean spaces present a challenging tangle of authorities and mandates that do not easily facilitate ecosystem-based policies. For over 30years, U.S. marine fisheries management has been guided by eight Regional Fishery Management Councils. Working under the many laws that guide setting stewardship priorities for ocean ecosystems, councils provide the Federal Government with advice on fisheries harvest levels, fish habitat protections, and fishing community needs. Implementing EBM for any ocean ecosystem requires a careful examination of the laws and policy processes that affect human interaction with that ecosystem. This article explores the U.S. perspective on federal ecosystem-based fisheries management, its part in U.S. national ocean policy, and how fishery management councils might position themselves as both EBM policymakers and policy takers for ocean resource management. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP deReynier, YL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM yvonne.dereynier@noaa.gov NR 99 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2014 VL 42 IS 6 BP 512 EP 530 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.964678 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AS0RY UT WOS:000343986800002 ER PT S AU Winter, AD Larios, E Alamgir, FM Jaye, C Fischer, DA Campo, EM AF Winter, A. Douglas Larios, Eduardo Alamgir, Faisal M. Jaye, Chem Fischer, Daniel A. Campo, Eva M. BE Campo, EM Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Polymer-carbon nanotube composites: electrospinning, alignment and interactions SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices XI CY AUG 19-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID ABSORPTION-FINE-STRUCTURE; PHOTOEMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; NANOCOMPOSITES; SPECTRA AB The possibility of novel nanocomposite materials with dramatically improved properties requires fundamental studies of interactions. Full elucidation of these concepts will allow the tailoring of such systems for particular applications. Using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, we investigated interactions in electrospun poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(methyl methacrylate)-multiwall carbon nanotube composites. This paper describes these interactions through a building-block model, addresses their dependence upon filler size, and discusses electrospinning as an alignment solution. Though alignment of filler and polymeric chains was not observed spectrally, SEM imaging confirmed uniaxial carbon nanotube alignment in composite fibres. Spectra acquired at different incidence angles revealed differences in energy and intensity of resonances, suggesting conformational configurations. These differences were more significant in composites with larger nanofiller. This supported proposed models of CH-p interactions and hydrogen bonding as adhesion mechanisms. C1 [Winter, A. Douglas; Campo, Eva M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. [Larios, Eduardo; Campo, Eva M.] Univ Texas, Department Phys & Astron, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Alamgir, Faisal M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jaye, Chem; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Winter, AD (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Center for Research Resources [5 G12RR013646-12]; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities [G12MD007591]; National Institutes of Health; NSF [DMR-1103730, DMR 0934218] FX Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02- 98CH10886. This work was partially founded by by grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5 G12RR013646-12) and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (G12MD007591) from the National Institutes of Health. The authors would like to acknowledge NSF for support with grants DMR-1103730, " Alloys at the Nanoscale: The Case of Nanoparticles Second Phase and PREM: NSF PREM Grant # DMR 0934218. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-197-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9170 AR UNSP 91700H DI 10.1117/12.2064905 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BB5HM UT WOS:000343874400010 ER PT S AU Winter, AD Larios, E Jaye, C Fischer, DA Omastova, M Campo, EM AF Winter, A. Douglas Larios, Eduardo Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Omastova, Maria Campo, Eva M. BE Campo, EM Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Thermo-active polymer nanocomposites: a spectroscopic study SO NANOENGINEERING: FABRICATION, PROPERTIES, OPTICS, AND DEVICES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices XI CY AUG 19-20, 2014 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Thermo-active; smart behaviour; NEXAFS spectroscopy; MWCNT; polarised Raman spectroscopy; EVA ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; NANOTUBE COMPOSITES AB Photo- and thermo-mechanical actuation behaviour in specific polymer-carbon nanotube composites has been observed in recent years and studied at the macroscale. These systems may prove to be suitable components for a wide range of applications, from MOEMs and nanotechnology to neuroscience and tissue engineering. Absence of a unified model for actuation behaviour at a molecular level is hindering development of such smart materials. We observed thermo-mechanical actuation of ethylene-vinyl acetate vertical bar carbon nanotube composites through in situ near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy to correlate spectral trends with macroscopic observations. This paper presents spectra of composites and constituents at room temperature to identify resonances in a building block model, followed by spectra acquired during thermo-actuation. Effects of strain-induced filler alignment are also addressed. Spectral resonances associated with C=C and C=O groups underwent synchronised intensity variations during excitation, and were used to propose a conformational model of actuation based on carbon nanotube torsion. Future actuation studies on other active polymer nanocomposites will verify the universality of the proposed model. C1 [Winter, A. Douglas; Campo, Eva M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. [Larios, Eduardo; Campo, Eva M.] Univ Texas, Dept Phys & Astron, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Omastova, Maria] Slovak Acad Sci, Polymer Inst, Bratislava 84541, Slovakia. RP Winter, AD (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL57 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; FP7VEGA FX We kindly acknowledge Professor Eugene Terentjev at Cambridge University, Faisal M. Alamgir at Georgia Institute of Technology and Conan Weiland at Synchrotron Research Inc. for insightful discussions. Research was carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886. This project was partially founded by FP7VEGA NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-197-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9170 AR UNSP 917003 DI 10.1117/12.2064904 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BB5HM UT WOS:000343874400002 ER PT S AU Arnone, R Vandermeulen, R Ladner, SD Bowers, J Martinolich, P Fargion, G Ondrusek, M AF Arnone, R. Vandermeulen, R. Ladner, S. D. Bowers, J. Martinolich, P. Fargion, G. Ondrusek, M. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Sensitivity of calibration "gains" to ocean color processing in coastal and open waters using ensembles members for NPP-VIIRS SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Satellite; SNPP VIIRS; Ocean Color; Optics; Validation; Vicarious Calibration ID VALIDATION; ALGORITHM; AERONET AB The sensitivity of ocean color products to variations in vicarious calibration gains at Top of Atmosphere (TOA) shows varying impacts in different water types for Suomi- NPP VIIRS. Blue water vicarious gains from MOBY in situ data, which is used for global open waters, and green water gains derived from complex coastal WaveCIS AERONET waters, have a different impact on spectral normalized water leaving radiances and the derived ocean color products (inherent optical properties, chlorophyll). We evaluated the influence of gains from open and coastal waters by establishing a set of ensemble-processed products. The TOA gains show a non-linear impact on derived ocean color products, since gains affect multiple ocean color processing algorithms such as atmospheric correction, NIR iterations, etc. We show how the variations within the ensemble TOA gain members spatially impact derived products from different water types (high CDOM, high backscattering, etc). The difference in color products derived from the Blue and Green water gain show a spatial distribution to characterize the product uncertainty in coastal and open ocean water types. The results of the ensemble gain members are evaluated with in situ matchups. Results suggest the sensitivity of the ocean color processing for open ocean verses coastal waters. C1 [Arnone, R.; Vandermeulen, R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Ladner, S. D.] Stennis Space Ctr, Naval Res Lab, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Bowers, J.; Martinolich, P.] Stennis Space Ctr, QinetiQ North Amer, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Fargion, G.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92115 USA. [Ondrusek, M.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Arnone, R (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 FU Navy; NOAA FX We acknowledge the support from Navy and NOAA sponsors. We appreciate NOAA CLASS for providing VIIRS data and the JPSS SDR team for contribution of the VIIRS weekly LUTS. We recognize the NASA AERONET - OC network and the MOBY team for providing quality data in a timely manner. NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR UNSP 911105 DI 10.1117/12.2053409 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700003 ER PT S AU Blonski, S Cao, CY Shao, X Uprety, S AF Blonski, Slawomir Cao, Changyong Shao, Xi Uprety, Sirish BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI VIIRS reflective solar bands calibration changes and potential impacts on ocean color applications SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Suomi NPP; VIIRS; reflective solar bands; radiometric calibration AB The VIIRS (Visible-Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) instrument onboard the Suomi NPP (National Polar-orbiting Partnership) spacecraft started acquiring Earth observations in November 2011. Since then, radiometric calibration applied to the VIIRS RSB (Reflective Solar Band) measurements for the SDR (Sensor Data Record) production has been improved several times. In this paper, timeline of the main upgrades to the calibration software and parameters is compared with the changes of the radiometric coefficients applied in the operational production of the VIIRS SDR. Initially, radiometric calibration coefficients were updated once per week to correct for the responsivity degradation that occurs for some of the sensor's spectral bands due to contamination of the VIIRS telescope's mirrors. Despite the frequent updates, discontinuities in the radiometric calibration could still affect ocean color time series. In August 2012, magnitude of the radiometric coefficient changes was greatly reduced by implementing a procedure that predicts (about a week ahead) values of the calibration coefficients for each Earth scan until a subsequent update. The updates have been continued with the weekly frequency, and the coefficient prediction errors were monitored by comparisons with the initial invariant coefficients from the following week. The predicted coefficients were also compared with the coefficients derived once per orbit from the onboard solar diffuser measurements by an automated procedure implemented in the VIIRS data operational processing software. The paper evaluates the changes in the VIIRS RSB coefficient updates for bands M1 to M7 and potential impacts of these changes on ocean color applications. C1 [Blonski, Slawomir; Shao, Xi] Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cao, Changyong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD USA. [Uprety, Sirish] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Blonski, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS ESSIC, 5825 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM sblonski@umd.edu RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU JPSS program office; NOAA [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was partially funded by the JPSS program office and by the NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 for the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites (CICS) at the University of Maryland/ ESSIC. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. government. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR UNSP 911106 DI 10.1117/12.2053315 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700004 ER PT S AU Churnside, JH Naugolnykh, K Marchbanks, RD AF Churnside, James H. Naugolnykh, Konstantin Marchbanks, Richard D. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Optical Remote Sensing of Sound in the Ocean SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE lidar; ocean optics; ocean acoustics; bubbles; remote sensing ID OCEANOGRAPHIC LIDAR; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BLUE WHALE; SIGNATURE; BUBBLES; WATER; GULF; SEA AB We are proposing a novel remote sensing technique to measure sound in the upper ocean. The objective is a system that can be flown on an aircraft. Conventional acoustic sensors are ineffective in this application, because almost none (similar to 0.1 %) of the sound in the ocean is transmitted through the water/air interface. The technique is based on the acoustic modulation of bubbles near the sea surface. It is clear from the ideal gas law that the volume of a bubble will decrease if the pressure is increased, as long as the number of gas molecules and temperature remain constant. The pressure variations associated with the acoustic field will therefore induce proportional volume fluctuations of the insonified bubbles. The lidar return from a collection of bubbles has been shown to be proportional to the total void fraction, independent of the bubble size distribution. This implies that the lidar return from a collection of insonified bubbles will be modulated at the acoustic frequencies, independent of the bubble size distribution. Moreover, that modulation is linearly related to the sound pressure. The basic principles have been demonstrated in the laboratory, and these results will be presented. Estimates of signal-to-noise ratio suggest that the technique should work in the open ocean. Design considerations and signal-to-noise ratios will also be presented. C1 [Churnside, James H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Naugolnykh, Konstantin] Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marchbanks, Richard D.] NOAA & Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Marchbanks, Richard/I-4410-2013 FU U. S. Navy FX This work was partially supported by the U. S. Navy. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR UNSP 91110T DI 10.1117/12.2052930 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700020 ER PT S AU Gladkova, I Kihai, Y Ignatov, A Shahriar, F Petrenko, B AF Gladkova, Irina Kihai, Yuri Ignatov, Alexander Shahriar, Fazlul Petrenko, Boris BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Exploring Pattern Recognition Enhancements to ACSPO Clear-Sky Mask for VIIRS: Potential and Limitations SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE VIIRS; SST; clear sky mask; thermal fronts ID ALGORITHM; IMAGES AB Discriminating clear-ocean from cloud in the thermal IR imagery is challenging, especially at night. Thresholds in automated cloud detection algorithms are often set conservatively leading to underestimation of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) domain. Yet an expert user can visually distinguish the cloud patterns from SST. In this study, available pattern recognition methodologies are discussed and an automated algorithm formulated. Analyses are performed with the SSTs retrieved from the VIIRS sensor onboard S-NPP using the NOAA ACSPO system. Based on the analyses of global data, we have identified low-level spectral and spatial features potentially useful for discriminating cloud from clear-ocean. The algorithm attempts to mimic the visual perception by a human operator such as gradient information, spatial connectivity, and high/low frequency discrimination. It first identifies contiguous areas with similar features, and then makes decision based on the statistics of the whole region, rather then on a per pixel basis. Our initial objective was to automatically identify clear sky regions misclassified by ACSPO as cloud, and improve coverage of dynamic areas of the ocean and coastal zones. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Kihai, Yuri; Ignatov, Alexander; Petrenko, Boris] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Gladkova, Irina; Kihai, Yuri; Petrenko, Boris] GST Inc, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Gladkova, Irina; Shahriar, Fazlul] CUNY City Coll, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol, New York, NY USA. [Shahriar, Fazlul] CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM gladkova@cs.ccny.cuny.edu RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU JPSS Program Office; NOAA FX This work is conducted under the JPSS SST Project funded by the JPSS Program Office, and the Ocean Remote Sensing Program funded by NOAA. We thank Marouan Bouali, John Stroup, John Sapper and Xingming Liang for help with the data and useful discussions. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, ordecision NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR UNSP 91110G DI 10.1117/12.2053474 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700013 ER PT S AU Ladner, SD Arnone, R Vandermeulen, R Martinolich, P Lawson, A Bowers, J Crouti, R Ondrusek, M Fargion, G AF Ladner, S. D. Arnone, R. Vandermeulen, R. Martinolich, P. Lawson, A. Bowers, J. Crouti, R. Ondrusek, M. Fargion, G. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Inter-Satellite Comparison and Evaluation of Navy SNPP-VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua Ocean Color Properties SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Satellite; SNPP VIIRS; Ocean Color; Optics; Validation; Vicarious Calibration ID PRODUCTS; AERONET AB Navy operational ocean color products of inherent optical properties and radiances are evaluated for the Suomi-NPP VIIRS and MODIS-Aqua sensors. Statistical comparisons with shipboard measurements were determined in a wide variety of coastal, shelf and offshore locations in the Northern Gulf of Mexico during two cruises in 2013. Product consistency between MODIS-Aqua, nearing its end-of-life expectancy, and Suomi-NPP VIIRS is being evaluated for the Navy to retrieve accurate ocean color properties operationally from VIIRS in a variety of water types. Currently, the existence, accuracy and consistency of multiple ocean color sensors (VIIRS, MODIS-Aqua) provides multiple looks per day for monitoring the temporal and spatial variability of coastal waters. Consistent processing methods and algorithms are used in the Navy's Automated Processing System (APS) for both sensors for this evaluation. The inherent optical properties from both sensors are derived using a coupled ocean-atmosphere NIR correction extending well into the bays and estuaries where high sediment and CDOM absorption dominate the optical signature. Coastal optical properties are more complex and vary from chlorophyll-dominated waters offshore. The in-water optical properties were derived using vicariously calibrated remote sensing reflectances and the Quasi Analytical Algorithm (QAA) to derive the Inherent Optical Properties (IOP's). The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the JPSS program have been actively engaged in calibration/validation activities for Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ocean color products. C1 [Ladner, S. D.; Lawson, A.; Crouti, R.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Arnone, R.; Vandermeulen, R.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, Dept Marine Sci, Mississippi State, MS 39529 USA. [Martinolich, P.; Bowers, J.] Stennis Space Ctr, QinetiQ North Amer, Mississippi State, MS USA. [Ondrusek, M.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Fargion, G.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92115 USA. RP Ladner, SD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 FU Navy; NOAA FX We greatly appreciate the support we have received from our Navy and NOAA sponsors. Wesley Goode (NRL), Mike Ondrusek ( NOAA),Nima Pahlevan (UMASS) and ZhongPing Lee ( UMASS) is recognized for collecting, processing and providing in situ cruise data. We appreciate NAVO (VIIRS SDR AFWA) and NOAA CLASS for providing VIIRS and MODIS Aqua data in a timely manner and the JPSS SDR team for contribution of the VIIRS weekly LUTS. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR UNSP 911107 DI 10.1117/12.2053060 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700005 ER PT S AU Naik, P Wang, MH AF Naik, Puneeta Wang, Menghua BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Evaluation of in situ radiometric data processing for calibration and validation of satellite ocean color remote sensing SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE remote sensing; normalized water-leaving radiance; ocean color; in situ data; BRDF ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SWIR ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; MODIS-AQUA MEASUREMENTS; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CHESAPEAKE BAY; CHLOROPHYLL; SEAWIFS; ALGORITHM AB In situ data are essential for calibration, validation, and bio-optical algorithm development of ocean color remote sensing, as well as for studying and understanding of ocean optical, biological, and biogeochemical properties. Especially, calibration and validation of ocean color satellite data relies on high quality in situ data. In addition, objective evaluation of satellite ocean color products need well quality controlled in situ data from various bio-optical environments covering diverse aquatic waters. The goal of ocean color satellite sensors is to remotely derive accurate normalized water-leaving radiance spectra (nL(w)(lambda)), therefore other water biological and biogeochemical property data can be obtained using satellite-measured nL(w)(lambda) spectra. In this paper, we show results from analyzing in situ data processing procedure from the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) and NASA SeaWiFS Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS) used for satellite ocean color calibration and validation purposes. Various issues in determining final product of in situ radiometric data processing such as convolving nL(w)(lambda) with respect to satellite sensor spectral response functions, sensor effective band center wavelengths, and effects of Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) are analyzed and discussed. Performance of satellite-derived nL(w)(lambda) taking into consideration of various issues in the in situ data processing is also assessed. C1 [Naik, Puneeta; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Naik, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 66 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR 911108 DI 10.1117/12.2053457 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700006 ER PT S AU Ondrusek, ME Stengel, E Rella, MA Goode, W Ladner, S Feinholz, M AF Ondrusek, M. E. Stengel, E. Rella, M. Ampollo Goode, W. Ladner, S. Feinholz, M. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Validation of Ocean Color Sensors Using a Profiling Hyperspectral Radiometer SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Satlantic Hyperpro; In Situ Measurements; Ocean Color Validation; VIIRS ID VICARIOUS CALIBRATION; COASTAL WATERS AB Validation measurements of satellite ocean color sensors require in situ measurements that are accurate, repeatable and traceable enough to distinguish variability between in situ measurements and variability in the signal being observed on orbit. The utility of using a Satlantic Profiler II equipped with HyperOCR radiometers (Hyperpro) for validating ocean color sensors is tested by assessing the stability of the calibration coefficients and by comparing Hyperpro in situ measurements to other instruments and between different Hyperpros in a variety of water types. Calibration and characterization of the NOAA Satlantic Hyperpro instrument is described and concurrent measurements of water-leaving radiances conducted during cruises are presented between this profiling instrument and other profiling, above-water and moored instruments. The moored optical instruments are the US operated Marine Optical BuoY (MOBY) and the French operated Boussole Buoy. In addition, Satlantic processing versions are described in terms of accuracy and consistency. A new multi-cast approach is compared to the most commonly used single cast method. Analysis comparisons are conducted in turbid and blue water conditions. Examples of validation matchups with VIIRS ocean color data are presented. With careful data collection and analysis, the Satlantic Hyperpro profiling radiometer has proven to be a reliable and consistent tool for satellite ocean color validation. C1 [Ondrusek, M. E.; Stengel, E.] NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Rella, M. Ampollo] NATO Sci & Technol Org, La Spezia, Italy. [Goode, W.; Ladner, S.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Feinholz, M.] Moss Landing Marine Lab, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Ondrusek, ME (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Ondrusek, Michael/F-5617-2010 OI Ondrusek, Michael/0000-0002-5311-9094 FU JPSS EDR Cal/Val program and NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing FX This work is supported by the JPSS EDR Cal/Val program and NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing funding. We would like to acknowledge the help of MOBY Team members. Especially Stephanie Flora from Moss Landing Marine Labs and Carol Johnson from NIST for calibration support. We would also like to acknowledge ZhongPing Lee for cruise support during Hawaii 2012 calibration efforts. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR UNSP 91110Y DI 10.1117/12.2052933 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700022 ER PT S AU Petrenko, B Ignatov, A Kihai, Y Zhou, X Stroup, J AF Petrenko, B. Ignatov, A. Kihai, Y. Zhou, X. Stroup, J. BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI SST algorithms for ACSPO reanalysis of AVHRR GAC data from 2002-2013 SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE sea surface temperature; algorithm; regression; bias; reprocessing; AVHRR ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE AB In response to a request from the NOAA Coral Reef Watch Program, NOAA SST Team initiated reprocessing of 4 km resolution GAC data from AVHRRs flown onboard NOAA and MetOp satellites. The objective is to create a long-term Level 2 Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO) SST product, consistent with NOAA operations. ACSPO-Reanalysis (RAN) is used as input in the NOAA geo-polar blended Level 4 SST and potentially other Level 4 SST products. In the first stage of reprocessing (reanalysis 1, or RAN1), data from NOAA-15, -16, -17, -18, -19, and Metop-A and -B, from 2002-present have been processed with ACSPO v2.20, and matched up with quality controlled in situ data from in situ Quality Monitor (iQuam) version 1. The similar to 12 years time series of matchups were used to develop and explore the SST retrieval algorithms, with emphasis on minimizing spatial biases in retrieved SSTs, close reproduction of the magnitudes of true SST variations, and maximizing temporal, spatial and inter-platform stability of retrieval metrics. Two types of SST algorithms were considered: conventional SST regressions, and recently developed incremental regressions. The conventional equations were adopted in the EUMETSAT OSI-SAF formulation, which, according to our previous analyses, provide relatively small regional biases and well-balanced combination of precision and sensitivity, in its class. Incremental regression equations were specifically elaborated to automatically correct for model minus observation biases, always present when RTM simulations are employed. Improved temporal stability was achieved by recalculation of SST coefficients from matchups on a daily basis, with a +/- 45 day window around the current date. This presentation describes the candidate SST algorithms considered for the next round of ACSPO reanalysis, RAN2. C1 [Petrenko, B.; Ignatov, A.; Kihai, Y.; Zhou, X.; Stroup, J.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Petrenko, B (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RI Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR 91110E DI 10.1117/12.2053008 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700012 ER PT S AU Wang, MH Son, S Jiang, LD Shi, W AF Wang, Menghua Son, SeungHyun Jiang, Lide Shi, Wei BE Hou, WW Arnone, RA TI Observations of Ocean Diurnal Variations from the Korean Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) SO OCEAN SENSING AND MONITORING VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ocean Sensing and Monitoring VI CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE GOCI; ocean color; diurnal variability; tide effect; western Pacific region ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; INFRARED BANDS; BOHAI SEA; REFLECTANCE; SEAWIFS AB The first geostationary ocean color satellite sensor, Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) onboard the Korean Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), which was launched in June of 2010 and has eight spectral bands from the blue to the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths in 412-865 nm, can monitor and measure ocean phenomenon over a local area of the western Pacific region centered at 36 degrees N and 130 degrees E and covering similar to 2500 x 2500 km(2). Hourly measurements during daytime (i.e., eight images per day from local 9: 00 to 16: 00) are a unique capability of GOCI to be used for the short-and long-term regional ocean environmental monitoring. A recent study from a collaboration between NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) and Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) showed that the GOCI ocean color products such as normalized water-leaving radiance spectra, nL(w)(lambda), for GOCI coverage region derived using an iterative NIR-corrected atmospheric correction algorithm (Wang et al., Opt. Express, vol. 20, 741-753, 2012) were significantly improved compared with the original GOCI data products and have a comparable data quality as from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Aqua in this region (Wang et al., Opt. Express, vol. 21, 3835-3849, 2013). It is also shown that the GOCI-derived ocean color data can be used to effectively monitor ocean phenomenon in the region such as tide-induced re-suspension of sediments, diurnal variations of ocean optical and biogeochemical properties, and horizontal advection of river discharge. In this paper, we show some more recent results of GOCI-measured ocean diurnal variations in various coastal regions of the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, and East China Sea. With possibly eight-time measurements daily, GOCI provides a unique capability to monitor the ocean environments in near real-time, and GOCI data can be used to address the diurnal variability in the ecosystem of the GOCI coverage region. In addition, more in situ data measured around the Korean coastal regions are used to validate the GOCI ocean color data quality, including evaluation of ocean diurnal variations in the region. The GOCI results demonstrate that GOCI can effectively provide real-time monitoring of water optical, biological, and biogeochemical variability of the ocean ecosystem in the region. C1 [Wang, Menghua; Son, SeungHyun; Jiang, Lide; Shi, Wei] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Jiang, Lide/G-2041-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Jiang, Lide/0000-0002-9883-4411 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-048-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9111 AR 911102 DI 10.1117/12.2053476 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BB5GR UT WOS:000343862700001 ER PT S AU Bohn, R AF Bohn, Robert BE Benvenuto, MA TI Life Beyond Chemistry SO WHAT YOU NEED FOR THE FIRST JOB, BESIDES THE PH.D. IN CHEMISTRY SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on What You Need for the First Job, besides the PhD in Chemistry / 246th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY SEP 08-13, 2013 CL Indianapolis, IN SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Chem Educ AB This article points out an approach to a career search by providing the reader with a series of tools and exercises to enumerate and characterize their chemical skill set and personal inventory of skills, motivations and goals for a career. Through a process of aligning the skills, abilities and motivators, and assessment of the results, the reader should have a clearer idea of what careers suit them. Ideas for creating and conducting a job search and the thoughts on the interview process conclude the discussion. Earning an advanced degree in chemistry is not easy. If you are working toward one, then you are experiencing it. If you have one, then allow me to personally congratulate you on your accomplishment. In either case, graduating was a two-edge sword. You leave the secure world of academia and then step into the real world. Change can be scary, but with change comes opportunity especially for those who can recognize it. Whether you are about to embark on your job search or you are in the process, you should know how to identify the opportunities that may be right in front of you. Many people miss opportunity since it doesn't hold up a sign saying "Opportunity Here" or other blatantly obvious signals. In this chapter, 1 hope to give you tools and advice on recognizing different possibilities for future employment based on the skills which you learned during your chemical education coupled with your unique skills which will lead to not only future employment, but to a fulfilling career. That is your goal. Do not waiver. Stay on target. C1 [Bohn, Robert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.bohn@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-2962-4 J9 ACS SYM SER JI ACS Symp. Ser. PY 2014 VL 1165 BP 47 EP 54 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines SC Chemistry; Education & Educational Research GA BB5RM UT WOS:000344037100006 ER PT S AU Sahoo, A Souryal, M Ranganathan, M AF Sahoo, Anirudha Souryal, Michael Ranganathan, Mudumbai GP IEEE TI Implementation of an Opportunistic Spectrum Access Scheme with Disruption QoS SO 2014 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COGNITIVE RADIO ORIENTED WIRELESS NETWORKS AND COMMUNICATIONS (CROWNCOM) SE International ICST Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM) CY JUN 02-04, 2014 CL Oulu, FINLAND ID COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS; FRAMEWORK; MAC AB Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA) is one of the models proposed for Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA). In OSA systems, it is important to restrict the interference caused by Secondary Users (SUs) to the Primary Users (PUs). In [1], such an OSA scheme, based on residual idle time distribution of PU traffic, was proposed for a single channel system. In this paper, we suitably modify the above scheme for OFDM-based communication. We present a prototype implementation of the scheme on a GNU Radio based software defined radio (SDR) system using USRP hardware. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prototype implementation of an OSA system which can bound the interference to PUs. We use two different Quality of Service (QoS) metrics to validate the scheme. We also show that a naive method of transmitting for a certain fraction of the mean residual idle time may lead to poor performance. C1 [Sahoo, Anirudha; Souryal, Michael; Ranganathan, Mudumbai] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sahoo, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anirudha.sahoo@nist.gov; souryal@nist.gov; mranga@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2166-5370 BN 978-1-63190-003-7 J9 INT ICST CONF COGN PY 2014 BP 335 EP 340 DI 10.4108/icst.crowncom.2014.255337 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BB5AL UT WOS:000343594900056 ER PT S AU Radebaugh, R AF Radebaugh, Ray BE Weisend, JG Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Fesmire, J Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Thermodynamic Analysis of Cascade Microcryocoolers with Low Pressure Ratios* SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / Transactions of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2013 CL Anchorage, AK SP Air Liquide, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryomech Inc, DeMaCo, Linde, Lydall, Meyer Tool & Mfg Inc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc DE Cascade; cryocoolers; cryogenics; efficiency; heat exchangers; Joule-Thomson; microcompressors; recuperative; stages; vapor-compression cycle. ID COOLERS; MW AB The vapor-compression cycle for refrigeration near ambient temperature achieves high efficiency because the isenthalpic expansion of the condensed liquid is a rather efficient process. However, temperatures are limited to about 200 K with a single-stage system. Temperatures down to 77 K are possible with many stages. In the case of microcryocoolers using microcompressors, pressure ratios are usually limited to about 6 or less. As a result, even more stages are required to reach 77 K. If the microcompressors can be fabricated with low-cost wafer-level techniques, then the use of many stages with separate compressors may become a viable option for achieving temperatures of 77 K with high efficiency. We analyze the ideal thermodynamic efficiency of a cascade Joule-Thomson system for various temperatures down to 77 K and with low pressure ratios. About nine stages are required for 77 K, but fewer stages are also analyzed for operation at higher temperatures. For 77 K, an ideal second-law efficiency of 83 % of Carnot is possible with perfect recuperative heat exchangers and 65 % of Carnot is possible with no recuperative heat exchangers. The results are compared with calculated efficiencies in mixed-refrigerant cryocoolers over the range of 77 K to 200 K. Refrigeration at intermediate temperatures is also available. The use of single-component fluids in each of the stages is expected to eliminate the problem of pulsating flow and temperature oscillations experienced in microcryocoolers using mixed refrigerants. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1202-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1573 BP 132 EP 141 DI 10.1063/1.4860693 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BB4VM UT WOS:000343409400018 ER PT S AU Lewis, MA Taylor, RP Bradley, PE Radebaugh, R AF Lewis, M. A. Taylor, R. P. Bradley, P. E. Radebaugh, R. BE Weisend, JG Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Fesmire, J Kittel, P Klebaner, A Marquardt, J Nellis, G Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Yuan, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Effect of Flow-Pressure Phase on Performance of Regenerators in the Range of 4 K to 20 K SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the Transactions of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC) / Transactions of the International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2013 CL Anchorage, AK SP Air Liquide, Burkert Fluid Control Syst, Cryomech Inc, DeMaCo, Linde, Lydall, Meyer Tool & Mfg Inc, PHPK Technologies, SuperPower Inc DE Acoustic Power; EMF; Expander; Phase Shift; Regenerator AB Modeling with REGEN3.3 has shown that the phase between flow and pressure at the cold end of 4 K regenerators has a large effect on their second-law efficiency. The use of inertance tubes in small 4 K pulse tube cryocoolers has limited phase-shifting ability, and their phase shift cannot be varied unless their dimensions are varied. We report here on the use of a miniature linear compressor, operating at the pulse tube warm end of about 30 K, as a controllable expander that can be used to vary the phase over 360 degrees. We also use the back EMF of the linear motor to measure the acoustic power, flow rate amplitude, and phase between flow and pressure at the piston face. We discuss the measurements of the linear motor parameters that are required to determine the piston velocity from the back EMF as well as the measurement procedures to determine the back EMF when the expander is operating at a temperature around 30 K. Our experimental results on the performance of a regenerator/pulse tube stage operating below 30 K show an optimum performance when the flow at the phase shifter lags the pressure by about 65 degrees to 80 degrees, which is close to the model results of about 60 degrees. Temperatures below 10 K were achieved at the cold end in these measurements. The efficiency of the compressor operating as an expander is also discussed. C1 [Lewis, M. A.; Bradley, P. E.; Radebaugh, R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Taylor, R. P.] Virginia Mil Inst, Dept Mech Engn, Lexington, VA 24450 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX This research was partially funded by the Office of Naval Research, with Deborah Van Vechten as the project monitor. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1202-6 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1573 BP 562 EP 569 DI 10.1063/1.4860751 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Materials Science; Physics GA BB4VM UT WOS:000343409400076 ER PT S AU Kramida, A AF Kramida, A. BE Baudelet, M TI Using databases for data analysis in laser spectroscopy SO LASER SPECTROSCOPY FOR SENSING: FUNDAMENTALS, TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE atomic spectroscopy databases; creating laser-spectroscopy databases; relational databases AB A brief review of existing atomic spectroscopy databases is given with an emphasis on databases relevant to laser-spectroscopy research. Key data elements in these databases are described. A strategy for building a specialized relational database for laser spectroscopy is outlined with references to key resources and tutorials. Recipes are given for solving several basic tasks related to data analysis in laser spectroscopy using a relational database. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramida, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.kramida@nist.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-1501 BN 978-0-85709-873-3; 978-0-85709-273-1 J9 WOODH PUB SER ELECT PY 2014 IS 43 BP 102 EP 124 DI 10.1533/9780857098733.1.102 PG 23 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BB3SM UT WOS:000343032700005 ER PT J AU Friedland, KD Ward, BR Welch, DW Hayes, SA AF Friedland, Kevin D. Ward, Bruce R. Welch, David W. Hayes, Sean A. TI Postsmolt Growth and Thermal Regime Define the Marine Survival of Steelhead from the Keogh River, British Columbia SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; INDUCED PARASITE INFESTATIONS; WILD JUVENILE SALMON; TO-ADULT SURVIVAL; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The population of anadromous steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss in the Keogh River has been studied intensively, in part because of its pattern of declining recruitment, which is largely attributed to poor marine survival. Climate variability has changed the productivity of salmonid species in all regions of the North Pacific, with areas alternately shifting between periods of enhanced and depressed productivity. The mechanisms governing marine survival and adult recruitment are central to contemporary resource management concerns but are also of concern with regard to the long-term prospects of managing biodiversity. We provide evidence that postsmolt growth contributes to the pattern of marine survival of Keogh River steelhead over the period corresponding to smolt years 1977-1999. Size at ocean entry did not appear to have sufficient contrast to significantly affect survival. However, assessment of scale growth suggested that the fish's initial growth at sea is not as important as the sustained growth conditions during summer and fall of the postsmolt year. The return rate of steelhead was negatively correlated with sea surface temperature in the ocean domains that were assumed to provide postsmolt nursery habitat, suggesting that growth is directly affected by warming conditions or that ocean warming affects the food web upon which steelhead depend. Steelhead appear to respond to changing climate and growth regimes in a manner similar to that of their North Atlantic analog, the Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar. Comparative data show that eastern basin Atlantic Salmon populations are negatively affected by a thermal regime of increasing temperature during the postsmolt year, suggesting a relationship between postsmolt growth and survival. C1 [Friedland, Kevin D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Ward, Bruce R.] Univ British Columbia, British Columbia Minist Environm, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Welch, David W.] Kintama Res Serv, Nanaimo, BC V9S 3B3, Canada. [Hayes, Sean A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Friedland, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM kevin.friedland@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 19 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.1080/19425120.2013.860065 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600001 ER PT J AU Uhrin, AV Matthews, TR Lewis, C AF Uhrin, Amy V. Matthews, Thomas R. Lewis, Cynthia TI Lobster Trap Debris in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Distribution, Abundance, Density, and Patterns of Accumulation SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID LOST FISHING GEAR; SPINY LOBSTER; PANULIRUS-ARGUS; FISHERY; IMPACTS; SHELF; REEFS; USA AB The fishery for spiny lobster Panulirus argus in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is well chronicled, but little information is available on the prevalence of lost or abandoned lobster traps. In 2007, towed-diver surveys were used to identify and count pieces of trap debris and any other marine debris encountered. Trap debris density (debris incidences/ha) in historic trap-use zones and in representative benthic habitats was estimated. Trap debris was not proportionally distributed with fishing effort. Coral habitats had the greatest density of trap debris despite trap fishers' reported avoidance of coral reefs while fishing. The accumulation of trap debris on coral emphasizes the role of wind in redistributing traps and trap debris in the sanctuary. We estimated that 85,548 +/- 23,387 (mean +/- SD) ghost traps and 1,056,127 +/- 124,919 nonfishing traps or remnants of traps were present in the study area. Given the large numbers of traps in the fishery and the lack of effective measures for managing and controlling the loss of gear, the generation of trap debris will likely continue in proportion to the number of traps deployed in the fishery. Focused removal of submerged trap debris from especially vulnerable habitats such as reefs and hardbottom, where trap debris density is high, would mitigate key habitat issues but would not address ghost fishing or the cost of lost gear. C1 [Uhrin, Amy V.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Matthews, Thomas R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. [Lewis, Cynthia] Keys Marine Lab, Layton Long Key, FL 33001 USA. RP Matthews, TR (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 2796 Overseas Highway,Suite 119, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. EM tom.matthews@myfwc.com FU NOAA Marine Debris Program; NOAA's National Center for Coastal Ocean Science, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission; NOAA's National Center for Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission FX This study was funded by the NOAA Marine Debris Program with additional support from NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science and the Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. We thank C. Cox, D. Eaken, J. Hornbeck, S. Maschal, K. Maxwell, J. Simonds, S. Slade, B. Sympson, J. Vander Pluym, and A. Zito for field assistance. We are grateful for data management by R. Bertelsen, E. Leone, S. Maschal, and A. Zito. The manuscript benefited greatly from discussions with M. Chiappone, M. Fonseca, and J. Hunt. We appreciate manuscript critiques and edits provided by L. Bauer, B. Crowder, M. Fonseca, J. Hunt, T. Kellison, P. Marraro, and two anonymous journal reviewers. The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Ocean Service, NOAA. NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 20 EP 32 DI 10.1080/19425120.2013.852638 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600003 ER PT J AU Burton, ML Potts, JC Carr, DR AF Burton, Michael L. Potts, Jennifer C. Carr, Daniel R. TI Age, Growth, and Mortality of Yellowmouth Grouper from the Southeastern United States SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NATURAL MORTALITY; NORTH-CAROLINA; ATLANTIC COAST; ROCK HIND; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; MATURITY; FLORIDA; FISHES AB The Yellowmouth Grouper Mycteroperca interstitialis is a member of the snapper-grouper complex that is managed by the South Atlantic Fishery Management Council. There is little published life history information-specifically age-growth parameters-for use in assessing the resource. We sampled Yellowmouth Grouper from the fisheries along the southeastern U. S. coast from 1980 to 2012 (n = 391), determining ages by counting opaque zones on sectioned sagittal otoliths. Opaque zones were annular, forming in May-August with a peak in May and June. Yellowmouth Grouper age ranged from 3 to 31 years, and the largest fish was 859 mm FL. Body size relationships were as follows: whole weight W (g) = (8.89 x 10(-6))(FL, mm)(3.07) (n = 339; r(2) = 0.96); W (g) = (1.13 x 10(-5))(TL, mm)(3.01) (n = 165; r(2) = 0.96); and TL (mm) = 10.09 + [1.05 x (FL, mm)] (n = 162; r(2) = 0.98). The von Bertalanffy growth equation for Yellowmouth Grouper was L-t (length at age t) = 755[1 - e(-0.14(t + 1.42))] when the model included an adjustment for minimum size limits and was L-t = 772[1 - e(-0.11(t + 4.18))] when the model was not adjusted. Natural mortality (M) estimated by Hewitt and Hoenig's (2005) longevity-based method was 0.14. Age-specific estimates of M were obtained with the Charnov et al. (2013) method. The selection of growth model (size limit adjusted versus unadjusted) had a marked effect on M for the earliest ages: M was 1.22 versus 0.43 for age 0; 0.72 versus 0.35 for age 1; 0.51 versus 0.29 for age 2; 0.40 versus 0.26 for age 3; 0.33 versus 0.23 for age 4; and 0.29 versus 0.21 for age 5. We believe that these life history parameter estimates are accurate for Yellowmouth Grouper in southeastern U. S. fisheries. C1 [Burton, Michael L.; Potts, Jennifer C.; Carr, Daniel R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Burton, ML (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM michael.burton@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 33 EP 42 DI 10.1080/19425120.2013.866998 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600004 ER PT J AU Daly, EA Scheurer, JA Brodeur, RD Weitkamp, LA Beckman, BR Miller, JA AF Daly, Elizabeth A. Scheurer, Julie A. Brodeur, Richard D. Weitkamp, Laurie A. Beckman, Brian R. Miller, Jessica A. TI Juvenile Steelhead Distribution, Migration, Feeding, and Growth in the Columbia River Estuary, Plume, and Coastal Waters SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; POSTSMOLT COHO SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; AVIAN PREDATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ATLANTIC SALMON; MARINE SURVIVAL; OREGON AB Relative to extensive research on the freshwater stages of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss life history, little is known about the species' estuarine and early marine phases despite the decline of numerous populations, including several from the Columbia River. Comparisons of the distribution, diet, and growth of juvenile steelhead collected during surveys of the Columbia River estuary and coastal waters in May, June, and September 1998-2011 were analyzed for comparisons between fish caught in the estuary and ocean and between hatchery (marked) and putative wild (unmarked) fish. Almost all catches of juvenile steelhead in the ocean occurred during the May surveys (96%). Juvenile steelhead were consistently caught at the westernmost stations (>55 km from shore), indicating an offshore distribution. Based on otolith structure and chemistry, we determined that these juveniles had been in marine waters for an average of only 9.8 d (SD = 10.2). Some of the steelhead that had been in marine waters for 1-3 d were captured at the westernmost edge of survey transects, indicating rapid offshore migration. Estuary-caught fish ate fewer prey types and consumed far less food than did ocean-caught fish, which ate a variety of prey, including juvenile fishes, euphausiids, and crab megalopae. Estuary-and ocean-caught unmarked fish exhibited higher feeding intensities, fewer empty stomachs, and better condition than hatchery fish. Growth hormone levels (insulin-like growth factor 1 [IGF-1]) in unmarked fish and hatchery fish varied annually, with unmarked fish having slightly higher overall values. In general, the FL, condition, stomach fullness, and IGF-1 of ocean-caught steelhead increased with distance offshore. Unlike juveniles of other salmonid species, steelhead appeared to quickly migrate westward from coastal rivers and showed patterns of increased feeding and growth in offshore waters. An understanding of the estuarine and ocean ecology of steelhead smolts may assist in the management of threatened steelhead populations. C1 [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Scheurer, Julie A.; Brodeur, Richard D.; Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Miller, Jessica A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Daly, EA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 Southeast Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM elizabeth.daly@oregonstate.edu FU Bonneville Power Administration; NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank the captains and crews of the research and chartered fishing vessels for their assistance at sea, along with the many scientists who collected and processed the steelhead at sea and in the laboratory. We are indebted to Gabi Kraller, Sylvia Pauly, and Megan Sabal for assistance with laboratory analysis of stomach contents; Larissa Rohrbach for IGF-1 sample collection and processing; and Stefanie Gera (National Science Foundation, Research Experiences for Undergraduates) for assistance with otolith processing. We also thank the Bonneville Power Administration and NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center for long-term funding of this project. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments provided by S. Hayes, K. Fresh, T. Quinn, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 30 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 62 EP 80 DI 10.1080/19425120.2013.869284 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600006 ER PT J AU Butler, CM Hanrahan, B Buckel, JA Rudershausen, PJ Juanes, F Smith, JW AF Butler, Christopher M. Hanrahan, Brian Buckel, Jeffrey A. Rudershausen, Paul J. Juanes, Francis Smith, Joseph W. TI Size-Selective Feeding in Captive and Free-Ranging Atlantic Bluefin Tuna SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; THUNNUS-THYNNUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; THERMAL BIOLOGY; CAPTURE SUCCESS; ECOLOGY; DIET; MENHADEN; BEHAVIOR AB We examined size-selective feeding in captive and free-ranging Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus. For the captive study, Bluefin Tuna were maintained in a cylindrical net-pen enclosure (30.5 m in diameter; 15.2 m deep) located 32.2 km offshore of Virginia. Tests of prey size selectivity by captive Bluefin Tuna were observed using underwater video. In free-ranging Bluefin Tuna, size selection was examined by comparing the sizes of Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus found in stomach contents with the sizes of those collected during the fall purse-seine fishery for Atlantic Menhaden off the North Carolina coast. Captive Bluefin Tuna selected larger prey when prey length : predator length ratios (PPRs) were less than 10%; however, size selectivity was not observed when the PPRs exceeded 10%. For free-ranging Bluefin Tuna, PPRs were mostly greater than 10% (12.98 +/- 0.06% [mean +/- SE]), and there were no significant differences in length between Atlantic Menhaden from stomach contents and those from purse-seine collections. The minimum and median sizes of Atlantic Menhaden prey increased with increasing predator size; however, the maximum size of Atlantic Menhaden prey did not change, indicating that the smallest Bluefin Tuna sampled could consume the largest Atlantic Menhaden. We conclude that the relatively small size of forage fishes commonly observed in Bluefin Tuna stomachs was likely due to the high abundance of these fishes in the environment rather than to active selection for small prey. C1 [Butler, Christopher M.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.; Rudershausen, Paul J.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Ecol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Hanrahan, Brian; Juanes, Francis] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Smith, Joseph W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Butler, CM (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, 703 East Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM c.m.butler@usm.edu FU Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Marine Education and Research program; University of Massachusetts; Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club, North Carolina State University; North Carolina Sea Grant (Fishery Resource Grant) [04-EP-04] FX This work was funded through the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Marine Education and Research program, the University of Massachusetts, the Manasquan River Marlin and Tuna Club, North Carolina State University, and North Carolina Sea Grant (Fishery Resource Grant 04-EP-04). We thank the North Carolina commercial fishermen and tuna buyers who participated in the study, especially G. Leone, A. Ng, and J. Cox. Additionally, we thank the many volunteers for field and laboratory support. We are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for providing comments that strengthened this paper. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.886644 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600007 ER PT J AU Kusnierz, PC Trial, JG Cox, ON Saunders, R AF Kusnierz, Paul C. Trial, Joan G. Cox, Oliver N. Saunders, Rory TI Seal-Induced Injuries on Adult Atlantic Salmon Returning to Maine SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID HARBOR SEALS; MARINE MIGRATION; SALAR; PREDATION; RIVER; SCOTLAND; ABUNDANCE; DAM AB Seals (Phocidae) are known predators of Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar from their entry into the estuary as smolts until their return to freshwater as adults. We developed a written protocol for identifying seal-induced injuries on adult Atlantic Salmon returning to Maine rivers. The protocol, which includes photos and category definitions, has been used since 2006 by Maine Department of Marine Resources biologists when handling adult Atlantic Salmon at the Veazie Dam fishway on the Penobscot River and at other adult capture facilities in Maine. The written protocol has ensured that reporting is consistent among years and rivers; photos of wounds serve as quality assurance for the protocol. For adults returning to the Penobscot River in 2006 and 2007, seal-induced injuries were more likely to be found on two-sea-winter fish; to appear as gashes or arched wounds; to be open rather than healed; and to occur on the center third of the body below the lateral line. Larger two-sea-winter fish (>67 cm FL) returning to the Penobscot River early in the run (May-early July) were more likely to have a seal-induced injury. Injury rates increased from 1978 to 2010; this increase was correlated with seal aerial counts for the Gulf of Maine and Penobscot Bay. From 2006 to 2010, the annual seal-induced injury rate for Atlantic Salmon in six Maine rivers (including the Penobscot River) ranged from 0.00 to 0.30 across rivers. Rates of injury on Atlantic Salmon for all years combined did not differ among the six rivers, but low power likely affected our ability to detect any differences. C1 [Kusnierz, Paul C.] Montana Dept Environm Qual, Helena, MT 59620 USA. [Trial, Joan G.; Cox, Oliver N.] Maine Dept Marine Resources, Bangor, ME 04401 USA. [Saunders, Rory] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Maine Field Stn, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Kusnierz, PC (reprint author), Montana Dept Environm Qual, 1520 East Sixth Ave, Helena, MT 59620 USA. EM pkusnierz@mt.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX We are grateful to R. Dill, K. Dunham, and M. Simpson for their work coordinating data collection in 2006 and 2007, and to T. Trinko Lake for providing Figure 1. We also thank M. Keefer and an anonymous reviewer whose thoughtful comments helped improve the final manuscript. The data used in our analysis were collected by MDMR with funding from the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 119 EP 126 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.893466 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600010 ER PT J AU Mitchell, WA Kellison, GT Bacheler, NM Potts, JC Schobernd, CM Hale, LF AF Mitchell, Warren A. Kellison, G. Todd Bacheler, Nathan M. Potts, Jennifer C. Schobernd, Christina M. Hale, Loraine F. TI Depth-Related Distribution of Postjuvenile Red Snapper in Southeastern US Atlantic Ocean Waters: Ontogenic Patterns and Implications for Management SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LIFE-HISTORY PARAMETERS; MARINE PROTECTED AREA; CORAL-REEF; HABITAT SHIFTS; UNITED-STATES; FISH; MORTALITY; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS AB For the economically and ecologically important Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, depth distribution patterns across ontogeny are not well understood, particularly in the southeastern U. S. Atlantic Ocean (SEUSA). Using data derived from two fishery-independent surveys targeting hardbottom habitats, we examined patterns of age-and length-specific depth distributions of postjuvenile (age 1+) Red Snapper in the SEUSA. We also compared age and length distributions between fishery-independent surveys and commercial hook-and-line catches to make inferences about gear-specific age and size selectivity, which could have implications for gear-specific interpretations of Red Snapper depth distribution patterns and for determining selectivity functions used in stock assessments. Older, larger Red Snapper were generally distributed throughout all depths, whereas the younger and smaller Red Snapper occurred disproportionately in relatively shallow waters. For Red Snapper equal to or larger than 50 cmFL, we found no evidence of a positive relationship between depth and age or length. Additionally, age and length distributions of Red Snapper >= 50 cm FL did not differ between fishery-independent surveys and the commercial hook-and-line fishery. These results provide no support for assertions of greater abundances of older and larger Red Snapper in deeper SEUSA waters. As observed in this study for Red Snapper in SEUSA waters, we suggest that patterns of increasing age and size with depth for multiple reef-associated fish species in SEUSA and Gulf of Mexico waters may be driven by younger and smaller fish occurring in shallower waters, and older and larger fish being distributed more equally across depths. Analyses to test this hypothesis for multiple species would be informative for their assessment and management and are recommended. C1 [Mitchell, Warren A.; Kellison, G. Todd; Bacheler, Nathan M.; Potts, Jennifer C.; Schobernd, Christina M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hale, Loraine F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL USA. RP Mitchell, WA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM warren.mitchell@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service [NA11NMF4540174, NA11NMF4350043] FX We thank Captain M. Egner, Captain J. Klostermann, J. Case, and the captains and crews of the RV Palmetto, RV Savannah, NOAA Ship Nancy Foster, and NOAA Ship Pisces. We also thank MARMAP and SEFIS staff and numerous volunteers for making the field work possible. We acknowledge scientific contributions by D. Carr, S. Gulak, J. Lewis, J. Patterson, and B. White; the statistical advice of K. Shertzer; and early draft reviews by J. Ballenger, A. Chester, M. Grace, W. Ingram, P. Marraro, W. Patterson, M. Reichert, R. Rindone, K. Shertzer, K. Simonsen, and T. Smart. Five anonymous reviewers greatly improved drafts of this manuscript. We thank M. Grace and NMFS-SEFSC Pascagoula Laboratory colleagues for providing access to and details of NMFS-SEFSC annual longline survey data. We also thank Feeding America network staff E. Darkatsh, K. Langan, R. Thomas, and A. Voyles, as well as G. Pack, C. Phillips, and J. Polston, for assisting with food donations. Research funds were provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, including awards NA11NMF4540174 and NA11NMF4350043 to the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources MARMAP and SEAMAP-SA programs. Mention of trade names or commercial companies is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service. This paper is dedicated to the memory of our valued colleague, Lori Hale. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 142 EP 155 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.920743 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600012 ER PT J AU Shiffman, DS Frazier, BS Kucklick, JR Abel, D Brandes, J Sancho, G AF Shiffman, David S. Frazier, Bryan S. Kucklick, John R. Abel, Daniel Brandes, Jay Sancho, Gorka TI Feeding Ecology of the Sandbar Shark in South Carolina Estuaries Revealed through delta C-13 and delta N-15 Stable Isotope Analysis SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE GILL NETS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; ONTOGENIC CHANGES; STOMACH CONTENTS; FOOD-HABITS; GALEOCERDO-CUVIER; ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; TROPHIC POSITION; SHORTFIN MAKO AB Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (delta C-13 and delta N-15) from muscle samples were used to examine the feeding ecology of a heavily exploited shark species, the Sandbar Shark Carcharhinus plumbeus. Two hundred and sixty two Sandbar Sharks were sampled in five South Carolina estuaries. There were no significant differences in average delta C-13 or delta N-15 signatures between estuaries, between sampling years, or between male and female Sandbar Sharks, suggesting that these variables do not affect diet. A potential ontogenetic diet shift between young-of-year and juvenile Sandbar Sharks in South Carolina, similar to a shift previously described in Virginia and Hawaii populations, is suggested by significant differences in average delta C-13 and average delta N-15 signatures between these age-classes. Results confirm that Sandbar Sharks in South Carolina are generalist predators and that juvenile Sandbar Sharks have a wider diet breadth than young-of-year sharks, a pattern common in elasmobranchs. Sandbar Shark diet in South Carolina is similar to that found in previous stomach content analysis studies. This study also demonstrates that nonlethal sampling methods can be applied to sharks to obtain diet and trophic information, including the detection of ontogenetic shifts in diet. C1 [Shiffman, David S.; Sancho, Gorka] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Shiffman, David S.] Univ Miami, Abess Ctr Ecosyst Sci & Policy, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [Frazier, Bryan S.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kucklick, John R.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Abel, Daniel] Coastal Carolina Univ, Dept Marine Sci, Conway, SC 29526 USA. [Brandes, Jay] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. RP Shiffman, DS (reprint author), Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM david.shiffman@gmail.com FU Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program [F-85-R4, F-77-6]; Cooperative States Shark Pupping and Nursery Habitat Survey; State of South Carolina; Department of Biology of the College of Charleston FX The authors would like to thank Mariah Boyle, Anabela Maia, Chuck Bangley, Jeremy Vaudo, Sora Kim, Colin Simpendorfer, Demian Chapman, R. Dean Grubbs, Bryan Franks, and Enric Cortes for their assistance with providing valuable information and multiple literature sources. We would also like to thank Henry DaVega, Erin Levesque, and Jonathan Tucker from the SCDNR for their assistance with fieldwork. Bill Roumillat of the SCDNR provided prey samples and assisted with all stages of this project. Julie Higgins, Lisa May, and Kevin Beauchesne from the Hollings Marine Laboratory aided in the processing of stable isotope samples. This research was supported by grant F-85-R4, F-77-6 of the Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration program, the Cooperative States Shark Pupping and Nursery Habitat Survey, the State of South Carolina, and the Department of Biology of the College of Charleston, in addition to College of Charleston Faculty Development and Department of Biology Research and Development grants to Gorka Sancho. The authors would also like to thank two anonymous reviewers whose feedback strengthened the manuscript. The handling of animals in this study was covered under the College of Charleston IACUC permit # 2009-021. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This is contribution 420 of the College of Charleston Graduate Program in Marine Biology and contribution 718 of the South Carolina Marine Resources Center. NR 73 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 156 EP 169 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.920742 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600013 ER PT J AU Hoolihan, JP Wells, RJD Luo, J Falterman, B Prince, ED Rooker, JR AF Hoolihan, J. P. Wells, R. J. D. Luo, J. Falterman, B. Prince, E. D. Rooker, J. R. TI Vertical and Horizontal Movements of Yellowfin Tuna in the Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND COASTAL FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; SAILFISH ISTIOPHORUS-PLATYPTERUS; FISH AGGREGATING DEVICES; TROPICAL PELAGIC FISHES; THUNNUS-ALBACARES; HABITAT UTILIZATION; IMPROVING LIGHT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LONGLINE GEAR; BEHAVIOR AB Pop-up satellite archival tags (n = 31) were deployed on Yellowfin Tuna Thunnus albacares in the Gulf of Mexico for periods ranging from 14 to 95 d. Differences in diel vertical behavior were assessed by comparing time spent at temperature relative to the surface temperature (Delta T). Pooled samples revealed that 31% of darkness hours, 20% of twilight hours, and 12% of daylight hours were spent in the uniform-temperature surface layer (i.e., Delta T = 0). Total time spent above 100 m was less during daylight (90.0%) than during darkness (99.8%), suggesting greater exploration of deeper depths during daylight hours. Maximum depth visited ranged from 208 to 984 m, andminimum temperature visited ranged from 5.4 degrees C to 11.8 degrees C. Only a small proportion of total time was spent at temperatures colder than 8 degrees C below the surface temperature. Horizontal excursions for the majority of individuals were less than 100 km from the point of release; however, three individuals moved distances of 411-1,124 km, suggesting that this species has the capability to move relatively long distances within the Gulf of Mexico. The Delta T values are provided in tabular format and serve as direct input variables for use in habitat standardization models. C1 [Hoolihan, J. P.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wells, R. J. D.; Rooker, J. R.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Luo, J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Falterman, B.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, New Orleans, LA 70122 USA. [Prince, E. D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hoolihan, JP (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.hoolihan@noaa.gov RI Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013 OI Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Fisheries Cooperative Research Program; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies; Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; NOAA [NA1RJ1266] FX Funding was provided in part by a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Fisheries Cooperative Research Program. J. Hoolihan's contribution was carried out in part under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the NOAA (Cooperative Agreement Number NA1RJ1266). The McDaniel Charitable Foundation provided logistical support for field work in Venice, Louisiana. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. Reference to commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service or the authors. NR 54 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1942-5120 J9 MAR COAST FISH JI Mar. Coast. Fish. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1080/19425120.2014.935900 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AR6MN UT WOS:000343697600018 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Marvel, J AF Bostelman, Roger Marvel, Jeremy BE Braun, JJ TI Control Fusion for Safe Multi-Robot Coordination SO MULTISENSOR, MULTISOURCE INFORMATION FUSION: ARCHITECTURES, ALGORITHMS, AND APPLICATIONS 2014 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Multisensor, Multisource Information Fusion - Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications CY MAY 06-07, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE mobile manipulator; safety; safety standards; test methods; control; coordination AB Future smart manufacturing systems will include more complex coordination of mobile manipulators (i.e., robot arms mounted on mobile bases). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducts research on the safety and performance of multiple collaborating robots using a mobile platform, an automatic guided vehicle (AGV) with an onboard manipulator. Safety standards for robots and industrial vehicles each mandate their failsafe control, but there is little overlap between the standards that can be relied on when the two systems are combined and their independent controllers make collaborative decisions for safe movement. This paper briefly discusses previously uncovered gaps between AGV and manipulator standards and details decision sharing for when manipulators and AGVs are combined into a collaborative, mobile manipulator system. Tests using the NIST mobile manipulator with various control methods were performed and are described along with test results and plans for further, more complex tests of implicit and explicit coordination control of the mobile manipulator. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Marvel, Jeremy] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-058-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9121 AR 91210P DI 10.1117/12.2051410 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB4VH UT WOS:000343405500022 ER PT J AU Grabowski, JH Bachman, M Demarest, C Eayrs, S Harris, BP Malkoski, V Packer, D Stevenson, D AF Grabowski, Jonathan H. Bachman, Michelle Demarest, Chad Eayrs, Steve Harris, Bradley P. Malkoski, Vincent Packer, David Stevenson, David TI Assessing the Vulnerability of Marine Benthos to Fishing Gear Impacts SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE fishing gear impacts; fixed gear; mobile gear; recovery; susceptibility; vulnerability assessment ID GEORGES BANK; TRAWLING DISTURBANCE; DIFFERENT HABITATS; INVERTEBRATE COMMUNITIES; SPECIES RICHNESS; SCALE; BIOMASS; SEA; CONSEQUENCES; RESTRICTIONS AB The Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA) requires US fishery management plans to minimize, to the extent practicable, the adverse effects of fishing on essential fish habitats (EFHs). To meet this requirement, fishery managers would ideally be able to quantify such effects and visualize their distributions across space and time. Here, we develop a framework to quantify and assess benthic impacts of the six most common bottom-tending gears (>99% of bottom-tending fishing effort) in New England: otter trawls, scallop dredges, hydraulic clam dredges, gillnets, longlines, and traps. We first conducted a comprehensive review of the habitat impacts literature relevant to Northeast USA fishing gears and seabed types. We then used this information to develop a framework for generating and organizing quantitative susceptibility (based on percent loss of structural habitat from a single interaction with the gear) and recovery (i.e., the time required for recovery of lost structure) parameters for each biological (e.g., sponges, ascidians, mollusks) and geological (e.g., mud burrows, sand ripples, cobble, and boulder piles) feature common to the following five substrates: mud, sand, granule-pebble, cobble, and boulder in low-and high-energy environments. In general, we found that both susceptibility and recovery scores were highest for hydraulic dredges, slightly lower for otter trawls and scallop dredges, and much lower for fixed gears (i.e., gillnets, longlines, and traps). For bottom trawls and scallop dredges, geological features in mud, sand, and cobble-dominated substrates were more susceptible to gear impacts than features found in granule-pebble and boulder substrates. Meanwhile, biological features were largely equally susceptible to impacts across the five substrate types. Average susceptibility scores for both biological and geological substrate features were not affected by energy level. Average recovery times for geological features affected by bottom trawls and dredges were much longer in low-energy granule-pebble, and low-and high-energy cobble and boulder than in mud and sand substrates. Meanwhile, there was no difference among substrates or energy levels for biological feature recovery times. These results collectively suggest that cobble and boulder substrates are the most vulnerable to impacts from mobile bottom-tending gear. Recovery from the relatively minor impacts caused by fixed gear required slightly longer in the three coarser substrate types than in mud and sand. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the resilience of specific components of habitat such as emergent epifauna or geological formations that serve as EFH by providing shelter and a source of food for fish. When coupled with the distribution of geological substrates and energy environments that exist in a particular region, our framework offers fisheries resource managers a tool to assess gear-specific spatial impacts on benthic substrates and identify benthic habitat vulnerability hotspots. C1 [Grabowski, Jonathan H.] Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. [Bachman, Michelle] New England Fishery Management Council, Newburyport, MA USA. [Demarest, Chad] NOAA NMFS Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Eayrs, Steve] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Harris, Bradley P.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Malkoski, Vincent] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA USA. [Packer, David] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ USA. [Stevenson, David] NOAA Northeast Reg Off, Gloucester, MA USA. RP Grabowski, JH (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Ctr Marine Sci, 430 Nahant Rd, Nahant, MA 01908 USA. EM J.grabowski@neu.edu FU NSF's Coupled Natural and Human System Program [NSF OCE-0709527]; Biological Oceanography Program [NSF OCE-1203859]; NOAA for Harris' time [NOAA/NMFS NA08NMF4720554, NA09NMF4720256, NA10NMF4720288, NA09NMF4540129] FX Support was provided by NSF's Coupled Natural and Human System Program (NSF OCE-0709527) and Biological Oceanography Program (NSF OCE-1203859) for Grabowski's time. Support was provided by NOAA for Harris' time (NOAA/NMFS NA08NMF4720554, NA09NMF4720256, NA10NMF4720288, NA09NMF4540129). NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 7 U2 32 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2330-8249 EI 2330-8257 J9 REV FISH SCI AQUAC JI Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac.. PY 2014 VL 22 IS 2 BP 142 EP 155 DI 10.1080/10641262.2013.846292 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AR4SX UT WOS:000343577600003 ER PT J AU Brown, CL Urbinati, EC Zhang, WM Brown, SB Mccomb-Kobza, M AF Brown, Christopher L. Urbinati, Elisabeth Criscuolo Zhang, Weimin Brown, Shannon B. Mccomb-Kobza, Michelle TI Maternal Thyroid and Glucocorticoid Hormone Interactions in Larval Fish Development, and Their Applications in Aquaculture SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE & AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE thyroid; larvae; embryo; maternal; cortisol ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; ZEBRAFISH DANIO-RERIO; YOLK-SAC LARVAE; GROWTH-FACTOR-I; RAINBOW-TROUT; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; COHO SALMON; IGF-I; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS AB Thyroid hormones (THs) have long been known to have regulatory roles in the differentiation and maturation of vertebrate embryos, beginning with the knowledge that hormones of maternal origin are essential for human fetal central nervous and respiratory system development. Precise measurements of circulating THs led to insights into their critically important actions throughout vertebrate growth and development, initially with amphibian metamorphosis and including embryogenesis in fishes. Thyroid cues for larval fish differentiation are enhanced by glucocorticoid hormones, which promote deiodinase activity and thereby increase the generation of triiodothyronine (T-3) from the less bioactive thyroxin (T-4). Glucocorticoids also induce the expression of thyroid hormone receptors in some vertebrates. Maternally derived thyroid hormones and cortisol are deposited in fish egg yolk and accelerate larval organ system differentiation until larvae become capable of endogenous endocrine function. Increases in the T-3/T-4 ratio during larval development may reflect the regulatory importance of maternal thyroid hormones. Experimental applications of individual hormones have produced mixed results, but treatments with combinations of thyroid and corticoid hormones consistently promote larval fish development and improve survival rates. The developmental and survival benefits of maternal endocrine provisioning are increased in viviparous fishes, in which maternal/larval chemical contact is prolonged. Treatments with exogenous thyroid and corticoid hormones consistently promote development and reduce mortality rates in larval fishes, with potential hatchery-scale applications in aquaculture. C1 [Brown, Christopher L.] NOAA, Aquaculture & Enhancement Div, NEFSC, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Urbinati, Elisabeth Criscuolo] Univ Estadual Paulista CAUNESP, Ctr Aquicultura, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. [Zhang, Weimin] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Sch Life Sci, Inst Aquat Econ Anim, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Brown, Shannon B.] Univ Florida, Dept Biol Engn, Gainesville, FL USA. [Mccomb-Kobza, Michelle] Teens4Oceans, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brown, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Aquaculture & Enhancement Div, NEFSC, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Christopher.L.Brown@noaa.gov RI Urbinati, Elisabeth/H-7642-2012 OI Urbinati, Elisabeth/0000-0001-6623-8095 FU Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of the People's Republic of China [201403008] FX This work was partly supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201403008) of the People's Republic of China. NR 152 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 11 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 2330-8249 EI 2330-8257 J9 REV FISH SCI AQUAC JI Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac.. PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 BP 207 EP 220 DI 10.1080/23308249.2014.918086 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AR4TC UT WOS:000343578200004 ER PT S AU Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Migdall, AL AF Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Migdall, Alan L. BE Itzler, MA Campbell, JC TI Ultra-short gates improve the performance of high-speed gated single-photon avalanche diodes SO ADVANCED PHOTON COUNTING TECHNIQUES VIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advanced Photon Counting Techniques VIII CY MAY 07-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Single-photon detection; avalanche photodiodes AB We gate a InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diode with a narrow periodic gate obtained by summing a 1.25 GHz sinusoid with its second and third harmonic. The temporal full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of the gate is kept below 200 ps by adjusting relative weight of the harmonic components. Measurements of detection efficiency and afterpulse probability as the gate pulse duration is reduced show that it is possible to reach the same detection efficiency obtainable with wider gates with the advantage of significantly reducing afterpulse probability. C1 [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Migdall, Alan L.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Migdall, Alan L.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Restelli, A (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 FU DARPA FX This work was supported in part by the DARPA Quiness program. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-051-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9114 AR UNSP 911409 DI 10.1117/12.2050808 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BB3YO UT WOS:000343107600003 ER PT J AU Verkouteren, JR Lawrence, J Klouda, GA Najarro, M Grandner, J Verkouteren, RM York, SJ AF Verkouteren, J. R. Lawrence, J. Klouda, G. A. Najarro, M. Grandner, J. Verkouteren, R. M. York, S. J. TI Performance metrics based on signal intensity for ion mobility spectrometry - based explosive trace detectors using inkjet printed materials SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESORPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETER AB Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) explosive trace detectors (ETDs) have become an integral part of security practices aimed at protecting the public, transportation, and facilities. Despite their widespread deployment, quality control procedures that can evaluate day-to-day instrument performance or differences among units of the same manufacture are in need for development. In this work, we describe the preparation of test materials (TMs) using inkjet printing that have fixed dosing levels of two explosives; 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). The uncertainty in the mass of dispensed solute is 0.8% (nominal 1 ng RDX and 5 ng or 20 ng PETN depending on ETD). TMs are stable under storage for at least 20 days at temperatures consistent with indoor and outdoor environments, and can be used by field personnel at deployed locations. Inkjet printing is shown to provide the necessary control over the spatial distribution of analyte on the substrate, thus limiting the variability in the signal response due to the sample. Measurements of signal intensities for two COTS ETDs were obtained from TMs over multi-year time spans and for multiple units of each ETD. Reproducibility in the signal response is shown to be between 6% and 15% RSD, or approximately double the within-day variability. The large datasets allow for the first time modeling of signal intensities with respect to normal distributions, which support the use of standard 3-sigma control practices. C1 [Verkouteren, J. R.; Lawrence, J.; Klouda, G. A.; Najarro, M.; Grandner, J.; Verkouteren, R. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [York, S. J.] US Dept State DS FSE FSB, Springfield, VA 22150 USA. RP Verkouteren, JR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jennifer.verkouteren@nist.gov FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [HSHQDC-11-X-00420, HSHQPM-12-X-00070] FX Portions of this material are based upon the work supported by the Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security under award numbers HSHQDC-11-X-00420 and HSHQPM-12-X-00070. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2014 VL 139 IS 21 BP 5488 EP 5498 DI 10.1039/c4an01184h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AQ7NE UT WOS:000343003700024 PM 25182074 ER PT J AU Hamann, U Walther, A Baum, B Bennartz, R Bugliaro, L Derrien, M Francis, PN Heidinger, A Joro, S Kniffka, A Le Gleau, H Lockhoff, M Lutz, HJ Meirink, JF Minnis, P Palikonda, R Roebeling, R Thoss, A Platnick, S Watts, P Wind, G AF Hamann, U. Walther, A. Baum, B. Bennartz, R. Bugliaro, L. Derrien, M. Francis, P. N. Heidinger, A. Joro, S. Kniffka, A. Le Gleau, H. Lockhoff, M. Lutz, H. -J. Meirink, J. F. Minnis, P. Palikonda, R. Roebeling, R. Thoss, A. Platnick, S. Watts, P. Wind, G. TI Remote sensing of cloud top pressure/height from SEVIRI: analysis of ten current retrieval algorithms SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE IMAGERS; ICE CLOUDS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RAPID CALIBRATION; SOLAR CHANNELS; DUST DETECTION; WATER CLOUDS; SOUNDER DATA; MODIS DATA AB The role of clouds remains the largest uncertainty in climate projections. They influence solar and thermal radiative transfer and the earth's water cycle. Therefore, there is an urgent need for accurate cloud observations to validate climate models and to monitor climate change. Passive satellite imagers measuring radiation at visible to thermal infrared (IR) wavelengths provide a wealth of information on cloud properties. Among others, the cloud top height (CTH) - a crucial parameter to estimate the thermal cloud radiative forcing - can be retrieved. In this paper we investigate the skill of ten current retrieval algorithms to estimate the CTH using observations from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). In the first part we compare ten SEVIRI cloud top pressure (CTP) data sets with each other. The SEVIRI algorithms catch the latitudinal variation of the CTP in a similar way. The agreement is better in the extratropics than in the tropics. In the tropics multi-layer clouds and thin cirrus layers complicate the CTP retrieval, whereas a good agreement among the algorithms is found for trade wind cumulus, marine stratocumulus and the optically thick cores of the deep convective system. In the second part of the paper the SEVIRI retrievals are compared to CTH observations from the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) instruments. It is important to note that the different measurement techniques cause differences in the retrieved CTH data. SEVIRI measures a radiatively effective CTH, while the CTH of the active instruments is derived from the return time of the emitted radar or lidar signal. Therefore, some systematic differences are expected. On average the CTHs detected by the SEVIRI algorithms are 1.0 to 2.5 km lower than CALIOP observations, and the correlation coefficients between the SEVIRI and the CALIOP data sets range between 0.77 and 0.90. The average CTHs derived by the SEVIRI algorithms are closer to the CPR measurements than to CALIOP measurements. The biases between SEVIRI and CPR retrievals range from -0.8 km to 0.6 km. The correlation coefficients of CPR and SEVIRI observations vary between 0.82 and 0.89. To discuss the origin of the CTH deviation, we investigate three cloud categories: optically thin and thick single layer as well as multi-layer clouds. For optically thick clouds the correlation coefficients between the SEVIRI and the reference data sets are usually above 0.95. For optically thin single layer clouds the correlation coefficients are still above 0.92. For this cloud category the SEVIRI algorithms yield CTHs that are lower than CALIOP and similar to CPR observations. Most challenging are the multi-layer clouds, where the correlation coefficients are for most algorithms between 0.6 and 0.8. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the SEVIRI retrievals for boundary layer clouds. While the CTH retrieval for this cloud type is relatively accurate, there are still considerable differences between the algorithms. These are related to the uncertainties and limited vertical resolution of the assumed temperature profiles in combination with the presence of temperature inversions, which lead to ambiguities in the CTH retrieval. Alternative approaches for the CTH retrieval of low clouds are discussed. C1 [Hamann, U.; Meirink, J. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Hamann, U.] MeteoSwiss, Locarno, Switzerland. [Walther, A.; Baum, B.; Bennartz, R.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Bennartz, R.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. [Bugliaro, L.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Derrien, M.; Le Gleau, H.] Meteo France, Lannion, France. [Francis, P. N.] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Heidinger, A.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Joro, S.; Lutz, H. -J.; Roebeling, R.; Watts, P.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Kniffka, A.; Lockhoff, M.] Deutsch Wetterdienst DWD, Offenbach, Germany. [Minnis, P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Palikonda, R.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Platnick, S.; Wind, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thoss, A.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. RP Hamann, U (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. EM ulrich.hamann@meteoswiss.ch RI Francis, Peter/H-9352-2013; Baum, Bryan/B-7670-2011; Bugliaro, Luca/C-9579-2016; Hamann, Ulrich/G-5388-2016; Platnick, Steven/J-9982-2014; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Francis, Peter/0000-0002-5869-803X; Baum, Bryan/0000-0002-7193-2767; Bugliaro, Luca/0000-0003-4793-0101; Hamann, Ulrich/0000-0001-8091-722X; Platnick, Steven/0000-0003-3964-3567; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU EUMETSAT FX This work was done in the framework of a EUMETSAT fellowship named CLOUDSTATE. We like to thank EUMETSAT for the funding of this fellowship and the Cloud Retrieval Evaluation Workshops. We thank the ICARE Data and Services Center (http://www.icare-lille1.fr) for providing computing support and access to the data used in these studies and for general support to the CREW project. We thank Frank Fell and EUMETSAT for providing the AVAC-S software that was used extensively for this research. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy or decision. NR 110 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2839 EP 2867 DI 10.5194/amt-7-2839-2014 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8WR UT WOS:000343119600004 ER PT J AU Inoue, M Morino, I Uchino, O Miyamoto, Y Saeki, T Yoshida, Y Yokota, T Sweeney, C Tans, PP Biraud, SC Machida, T Pittman, JV Kort, EA Tanaka, T Kawakami, S Sawa, Y Tsuboi, K Matsueda, H AF Inoue, M. Morino, I. Uchino, O. Miyamoto, Y. Saeki, T. Yoshida, Y. Yokota, T. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. P. Biraud, S. C. Machida, T. Pittman, J. V. Kort, E. A. Tanaka, T. Kawakami, S. Sawa, Y. Tsuboi, K. Matsueda, H. TI Validation of XCH4 derived from SWIR spectra of GOSAT TANSO-FTS with aircraft measurement data SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROMETER; GASES OBSERVING SATELLITE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; COMMERCIAL AIRLINES; INFRARED-SPECTRA; CH4 MEASUREMENTS; MOLE FRACTIONS AB Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of methane (XCH4), retrieved from Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) spectra, were validated by using aircraft measurement data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the US Department of Energy (DOE), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), the HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) program, and the GOSAT validation aircraft observation campaign over Japan. In the calculation of XCH4 from aircraft measurements (aircraft-based XCH4), other satellite data were used for the CH4 profiles above the tropopause. We proposed a data-screening scheme for aircraft-based XCH4 for reliable validation of GOSAT XCH4. Further, we examined the impact of GOSAT SWIR column averaging kernels (CAK) on the aircraft-based XCH4 calculation and found that the difference between aircraft-based XCH4 with and without the application of the GOSAT CAK was less than +/- 9 ppb at maximum, with an average difference of -0.5 ppb. We compared GOSAT XCH4 Ver. 02.00 data retrieved within +/- 2 degrees or +/- 5 degrees latitude-longitude boxes centered at each aircraft measurement site with aircraft-based XCH4 measured on a GOSAT overpass day. In general, GOSAT XCH4 was in good agreement with aircraft-based XCH4. However, over land, the GOSAT data showed a positive bias of 1.5 ppb (2.0 ppb) with a standard deviation of 14.9 ppb (16.0 ppb) within the +/- 2 degrees (+/- 5 degrees) boxes, and over ocean, the average bias was 4.1 ppb (6.5 ppb) with a standard deviation of 9.4 ppb (8.8 ppb) within the +/- 2 degrees (+/- 5 degrees) boxes. In addition, we obtained similar results when we used an aircraft-based XCH4 time series obtained by curve fitting with temporal interpolation for comparison with GOSAT data. C1 [Inoue, M.; Morino, I.; Uchino, O.; Saeki, T.; Yoshida, Y.; Yokota, T.; Machida, T.; Tanaka, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Miyamoto, Y.] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Sweeney, C.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Biraud, S. C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Pittman, J. V.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, E. A.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Kawakami, S.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Sawa, Y.; Tsuboi, K.; Matsueda, H.] Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. RP Inoue, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM inoue.makoto@nies.go.jp RI Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Inoue, Makoto/M-8505-2014; Biraud, Sebastien/M-5267-2013 OI Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Inoue, Makoto/0000-0002-6826-5334; Biraud, Sebastien/0000-0001-7697-933X FU Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; National Science Foundation (NSF); Canadian Space Agency (CSA); Ministry of the Environment, Japan [2A-1102] FX DOE flights were supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231 as part of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM), ARM Aerial Facility, and Terrestrial Ecosystem Science Program. We also thank the HIPPO team members for CH4 profile data from HIPPO missions and Steven C. Wofsy at Harvard University for helpful suggestions. The HIPPO program is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), and its operations are managed by the Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL) of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). We also acknowledge the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), which provides most funding support for ACE. We are grateful to the HALOE team for publishing their data for scientific use. TCCON data were obtained from the TCCON Data Archive, operated by the California Institute of Technology (http://tccon.ipac.caltech.edu/). US support for TCCON retrieval software and the development of these data comes from NASA's Carbon Cycle Science Program and NASA's OCO-2 project. We are grateful to the DOE ARM program for technical support in Lamont and Jeff Ayers for technical support in Park Falls. This research was supported in part by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (2A-1102) of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. NR 59 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2987 EP 3005 DI 10.5194/amt-7-2987-2014 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8WR UT WOS:000343119600014 ER PT J AU Fahey, DW Gao, RS Mohler, O Saathoff, H Schiller, C Ebert, V Kramer, M Peter, T Amarouche, N Avallone, LM Bauer, R Bozoki, Z Christensen, LE Davis, SM Durry, G Dyroff, C Herman, RL Hunsmann, S Khaykin, SM Mackrodt, P Meyer, J Smith, JB Spelten, N Troy, RF Vomel, H Wagner, S Wienhold, FG AF Fahey, D. W. Gao, R. -S. Moehler, O. Saathoff, H. Schiller, C. Ebert, V. Kraemer, M. Peter, T. Amarouche, N. Avallone, L. M. Bauer, R. Bozoki, Z. Christensen, L. E. Davis, S. M. Durry, G. Dyroff, C. Herman, R. L. Hunsmann, S. Khaykin, S. M. Mackrodt, P. Meyer, J. Smith, J. B. Spelten, N. Troy, R. F. Voemel, H. Wagner, S. Wienhold, F. G. TI The AquaVIT-1 intercomparison of atmospheric water vapor measurement techniques SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CHILLED-MIRROR HYGROMETER; DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; AEROSOL CHAMBER AIDA; CIRRUS CLOUDS; MU-M; ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; ICE SUPERSATURATIONS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; VALIDATION; H2O AB The AquaVIT-1 intercomparison of atmospheric water vapor measurement techniques was conducted at the aerosol and cloud simulation chamber AIDA (Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, in October 2007. The overall objective was to intercompare state-of-the-art and prototype atmospheric hygrometers with each other and with independent humidity standards under controlled conditions. This activity was conducted as a blind intercomparison with coordination by selected referees. The effort was motivated by persistent discrepancies found in atmospheric measurements involving multiple instruments operating on research aircraft and balloon platforms, particularly in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, where water vapor reaches its lowest atmospheric values (less than 10 ppm). With the AIDA chamber volume of 84 m(3), multiple instruments analyzed air with a common water vapor mixing ratio, by extracting air into instrument flow systems, by locating instruments inside the chamber, or by sampling the chamber volume optically. The intercomparison was successfully conducted over 10 days during which pressure, temperature, and mixing ratio were systematically varied (50 to 500 hPa, 185 to 243 K, and 0.3 to 152 ppm). In the absence of an accepted reference instrument, the absolute accuracy of the instruments was not established. To evaluate the intercomparison, the reference value was taken to be the ensemble mean of a core subset of the measurements. For these core instruments, the agreement between 10 and 150 ppm of water vapor is considered good with variation about the reference value of about +/- 10% (+/- 1 sigma). In the region of most interest between 1 and 10 ppm, the core subset agreement is fair with variation about the reference value of +/- 20% (+/- 1 sigma). The upper limit of precision was also derived for each instrument from the reported data. The implication for atmospheric measurements is that the substantially larger differences observed during in-flight intercomparisons stem from other factors associated with the moving platforms or the non-laboratory environment. The success of AquaVIT-1 provides a template for future intercomparison efforts with water vapor or other species that are focused on improving the analytical quality of atmospheric measurements on moving platforms. C1 [Fahey, D. W.; Gao, R. -S.; Davis, S. M.; Voemel, H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Davis, S. M.; Voemel, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moehler, O.; Saathoff, H.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Aerosol Res IMK AAF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Schiller, C.; Kraemer, M.; Bauer, R.; Meyer, J.; Spelten, N.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Stratosphere IEK 7, Inst Energy & Climate Res, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Ebert, V.; Hunsmann, S.; Mackrodt, P.; Wagner, S.] Heidelberg Univ, PCI, Heidelberg, Germany. [Ebert, V.] PTB, Natl Metrol Inst Germany, Braunschweig, Germany. [Ebert, V.; Wagner, S.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, CSI, Darmstadt, Germany. [Peter, T.; Wienhold, F. G.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Amarouche, N.] UPS 855 CNRS, Inst Natl Sci Univers, Div Tech, Meudon, France. [Avallone, L. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bozoki, Z.] Univ Szeged, MTA SZTE Res Grp Photoacoust Spect, Szeged, Hungary. [Christensen, L. E.; Herman, R. L.; Troy, R. F.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Durry, G.] Univ Reims, UMR CNRS 7331, Grp Spectrometrie Mol & Atmospher, Reims, France. [Dyroff, C.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, Atmospher Trace Gases & Remote Sensing IMK ASF, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Khaykin, S. M.] Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia. [Smith, J. B.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Fahey, DW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.w.fahey@noaa.gov RI Saathoff, Harald/J-8911-2012; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Wagner, Steven/H-3433-2015; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Wagner, Steven/0000-0002-1504-9259; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; zoltan, Bozoki/0000-0003-3638-9524 FU OTKA Foundation from the Hungarian Research and Technology Innovation Fund [NN109679]; NASA Atmospheric Composition Focus FX The success of the AquaVIT-1 campaign derived significantly from the excellent support of the staff scientists and technicians at the AIDA facility led by O. Mohler and H. Saathoff. R. Bauer of Forschungszentrum Julich, Julich, Germany, provided support for the AquaVIT-1 wiki page. Travel support for the referees (D. W. Fahey and R. S. Gao) and some investigator groups was provided by the EU project EUROCHAMP; by SPARC - a core project of the world climate research program; and by the Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research of Karlsruhe, Germany. The NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program also provided travel support for some USA participants. Elliot Weinstock is gratefully acknowledged for his valuable assistance with the HWV measurements. Ulrich Krieger and Martin Brabec are gratefully acknowledged for their help with SnowWhite. Z. Bozoki was partially supported by the OTKA Foundation from the Hungarian Research and Technology Innovation Fund (project number: NN109679).; This research and participation of JLH in AquaVIT-1 were supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Focus. The research described here was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. (Copyright 2009 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.) NR 80 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 9 BP 3177 EP 3213 DI 10.5194/amt-7-3177-2014 PG 37 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AQ8WR UT WOS:000343119600026 ER PT S AU Mink, A Nakassis, A AF Mink, Alan Nakassis, Anastase BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE Frey, MR Lomonaco, SJ Myers, JM TI LDPC Error Correction for Gbit/s QKD SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XII CY MAY 08-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quantum key distribution; QKD reconciliation; Entropy; LDPC codes; GPU AB Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) error correction is a one-way algorithm that has become popular for quantum key distribution (QKD) post-processing. Graphic processing units (GPUs) provide an interesting attached platform that may deliver high rates of error correction performance for QKD. We present the details of our various LDPC GPU implementations and both error correction and execution throughput performance that each achieves. We also discuss the potential for implementation on a GPU platform to achieve Gbit/s throughput. C1 [Mink, Alan; Nakassis, Anastase] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mink, A (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amink@nist.gov; anakassis@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-060-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9123 AR 912304 DI 10.1117/12.2050763 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB3ZO UT WOS:000343113500003 ER PT S AU Nakassis, A Mink, A AF Nakassis, Anastase Mink, Alan BE Donkor, E Pirich, AR Brandt, HE Frey, MR Lomonaco, SJ Myers, JM TI Polar codes in a QKD Environment SO QUANTUM INFORMATION AND COMPUTATION XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Information and Computation XII CY MAY 08-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Quantum key distribution; QKD reconciliation; Entropy; Polar codes AB Polar coding is the most recent encoding scheme in the quest for error correction codes that approaches the Shannon limit, has a simple structure, and admits fast decoders. As such, it is an interesting candidate for the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol that normally operates at high bit error rates and requires codes that operate near the Shannon limit. This paper describes approaches that integrate Polar codes into the QKD environment and provides performance results of Polar code designs within the QKD protocol. C1 [Nakassis, Anastase; Mink, Alan] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nakassis, A (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anakassis@nist.gov; amink@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-060-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9123 AR 912305 DI 10.1117/12.2050919 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB3ZO UT WOS:000343113500004 ER PT S AU Cheron, J Grossman, EN AF Cheron, Jerome Grossman, Erich N. BE Anwar, MF Crowe, TW Manzur, T TI Wideband 220 GHz Solid State Power Amplifier MMIC within Minimal Die Size SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS VIII: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems VIII - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE Solid state power amplifier; MMIC; millimeter-wave; heterojunction bipolar transistors AB A wideband and compact solid state power amplifier MMIC is simulated around 220 GHz. It utilizes 6 mu m emitter length common base HBTs from a 250 nm InP HBT technology. Specific power cells and power combiners are simulated in order to minimize the width of the die, which must not exceed 300 mu m to avoid multimode propagation in the substrate. Four stages are implemented over a total area of the (275x1840) mu m(2). Simulations of this power amplifier indicate a minimum output power of 14 dBm associated with 16 dB of power gain from 213 GHz to 240 GHz. C1 [Cheron, Jerome; Grossman, Erich N.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cheron, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jerome.cheron@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-039-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9102 AR 91020H DI 10.1117/12.2050744 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB3RL UT WOS:000343004600012 ER PT S AU Nelson, AO Grossman, EN AF Nelson, A. O. Grossman, E. N. BE Anwar, MF Crowe, TW Manzur, T TI Advanced designs for non-imaging submillimeter-wave Winston cone concentrators SO TERAHERTZ PHYSICS, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS VIII: ADVANCED APPLICATIONS IN INDUSTRY AND DEFENSE SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Terahertz Physics, Devices, and Systems VIII - Advanced Applications in Industry and Defense CY MAY 05-06, 2014 CL Baltimore, MA SP SPIE DE compound parabolic concentrator (CPC); concentrator; overmoded waveguide; power meter; submillimeter-wave; terahertz (THz); Winston cone; PM4; Thomas Keating power meter; metrology AB We describe the design and simulation of several non-imaging concentrators designed to couple submillimeter wavelength radiation from free space into highly overmoded, rectangular, WR-10 waveguide. Previous designs are altered to improve the uniformity of efficiency rather than the efficiency itself. The concentrators are intended for use as adapters between instruments using overmoded WR-10 waveguide as input or output and sources propagating through free space. Previous simulation and measurement have shown that the angular response is primarily determined by the Winston cone and is well predicted by geometric optics theory while the efficiencies are primarily determined by the transition section. Additionally, previous work has shown insensitivity to polarization, orientation and beam size. Several separate concentrator designs are studied, all of which use a Winston cone (also known as a compound parabolic concentrator) with an input diameter ranging from 4 mm to 16 mm, and "throat" diameters of less than 0.5 mm to 4 mm as the initial interface. The use of various length adiabatic circular-to-rectangular transition sections is investigated, along with the effect of an additional, 25 mm waveguide section designed to model the internal waveguide of the power meter. Adapters without a transition section and a rectangular Winston cone throat aperture and double cone configurations are also studied. Adapters are analyzed in simulation for consistent efficiency across the opening aperture. C1 [Nelson, A. O.; Grossman, E. N.] NIST, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nelson, AO (reprint author), NIST, Boulder Labs, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-039-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9102 AR 91020U DI 10.1117/12.2050833 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BB3RL UT WOS:000343004600022 ER PT J AU Bostelman, R Hong, T Eastman, R AF Bostelman, Roger Hong, Tsai Eastman, Roger BE Kozlowski, K Tokhi, MO Virk, GS TI SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE STANDARD DEVELOPMENTS FOR AUTOMATED GUIDED VEHICLES SO MOBILE SERVICE ROBOTICS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots (CLAWAR) CY JUL 21-23, 2014 CL Poznan, POLAND SP IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, Int Federat Promot Mechanism & Machine Sci, Advancing Soc Med Technol, Assoc Advancement Med Instrumentat, Poznan Univ Technol, Warsaw Univ Technol, CLAWAR Assoc AB The American National Standards Institute/Industrial Truck Standards Development Foundation (ANSI/ITSDF) B56.5 Safety Standard committee for safety of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) recently considered proposals for changes to improve the to make AGVs safer. The potential changes include new bumper force test methods and revisions to address sudden obstacle appearance in the AGV path. Also, the committee discussed the addition of full human form test pieces to the three current geometric obstacle test pieces. Beyond these changes to the safety standard, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has suggested a new AGV Performance Standard be established through ASTM International to provide AGV users and manufacturers with non-safety test methods to relate measured vehicle performance to required tasks. The ASTM AGV Performance standard has been approved. Both the suggested safety standard improvements, and the proposed new performance standard, are described and/or referenced in this paper including illustrative laboratory measurement data and analysis to foster and support discussion. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Hong, Tsai] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4623-34-6 PY 2014 BP 487 EP 494 PG 8 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BB3EG UT WOS:000342693100058 ER PT J AU Oleshko, VP Lam, T Ruzmetov, D Haney, P Lezec, HJ Davydov, AV Krylyuk, S Cumings, J Talin, AA AF Oleshko, Vladimir P. Lam, Thomas Ruzmetov, Dmitry Haney, Paul Lezec, Henri J. Davydov, Albert V. Krylyuk, Sergiy Cumings, John Talin, A. Alec TI Miniature all-solid-state heterostructure nanowire Li-ion batteries as a tool for engineering and structural diagnostics of nanoscale electrochemical processes SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-LOSS-SPECTROSCOPY; THIN-FILM LITHIUM; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; IN-SITU; SILICON NANOWIRES; S BATTERIES; LICOO2; TEM; FABRICATION; LITHIATION AB Complex interfacial phenomena and phase transformations that govern the operation of Li-ion batteries require detailed nanoscale 3D structural and compositional characterization that can be directly related to their capacity and electrical transport properties. For this purpose, we have designed model miniature all solid-state radial heterostructure Li-ion batteries composed of LiCoO2 cathode, LiPON electrolyte and amorphous Si anode shells, which were deposited around metallized high-aspect-ratio Si nanowires as a scaffolding core. Such diagnostic batteries, the smallest, complete secondary Li-ion batteries realized to date, were specifically designed for in situ electrical testing in a field-emission scanning electron microscope and/or transmission electron microscope. The results of electrochemical testing were described in detail in a previous publication (Nano Lett., 2012, 12, 505-511). The model Li-ion batteries allow analysis of the correlations between electrochemical properties and their structural evolution during cycling in various imaging, diffraction and spectroscopic modes down to the atomic level. Employing multimode analytical scanning/transmission electron microscopy imaging coupled with correlative multivariate statistical analysis and tomography, we have analyzed and quantified the 3D morphological and structural arrangement of the batteries, including textured platelet-like LiCoO2 nanocrystallites, buried electrode-electrolyte interfaces and hidden internal defects to clarify effects of scaling on a battery's electrochemical performance. Characterization of the nanoscale interfacial processes using model heterostructure nanowire-based Li-ion batteries provides useful guidelines for engineering of prospective nano-sized building blocks in future electrochemical energy storage systems. C1 [Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Davydov, Albert V.; Krylyuk, Sergiy] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lam, Thomas; Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Haney, Paul; Lezec, Henri J.; Talin, A. Alec] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ruzmetov, Dmitry; Krylyuk, Sergiy] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Oleshko, Vladimir P.; Cumings, John] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Talin, A. Alec] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Oleshko, VP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vladimir.oleshko@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Cumings, John/A-3595-2012 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; FU National Institute of Standards and Technology [MML12-1053-N00, 70NANB12H164]; University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors are thankful to J. Winterstein and A. Herzing (NIST) for help in measurements and useful discussions and to A. Kolmakov (NIST) for critical reading of the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under grant MML12-1053-N00 (Award no. 70NANB12H164). D.R. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. A.A.T. and J.C. were supported (and V.O. was partially supported) by the Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0001160. Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 10 U2 73 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2014 VL 6 IS 20 BP 11756 EP 11768 DI 10.1039/c4nr01666a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AQ7MB UT WOS:000343000800023 PM 25157420 ER PT S AU Stern, RJ Tamura, Y Ishizuka, O Shukano, H Bloomer, SH Embley, RW Leybourne, M Kawabata, H Nunokawa, A Nichols, ARL Kohut, E Pujana, I AF Stern, Robert J. Tamura, Yoshi Ishizuka, Osamu Shukano, Hiroshi Bloomer, Sherman H. Embley, Robert W. Leybourne, Matthew Kawabata, Hiroshi Nunokawa, Akiko Nichols, Alexander R. L. Kohut, Edward Pujana, Ignacio BE GomezTuena, A Straub, SM Zellmer, GF TI Volcanoes of the Diamante cross-chain: evidence for a mid-crustal felsic magma body beneath the Southern Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc SO OROGENIC ANDESITES AND CRUSTAL GROWTH SE Geological Society Special Publication LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ISLAND-ARC; MELTING EXPERIMENTS; WESTERN PACIFIC; EVOLUTION; CRUST; BASALTS; ORIGIN; DIFFERENTIATION; CHEMISTRY; CALDERA AB Three submarine Diamante cross-chain volcanoes in the southern Mariana arc mark a magma-healed zone of along-arc (north-south) extension that allows either mafic mantle-derived basalts or felsic magmas from the middle of thickened arc crust to erupt. The largest volcano is East Diamante, with a well-developed (5 x 10 km) caldera that formed via violent felsic submarine eruptions beginning nearly 0.5 Ma. One or more of these eruptions also formed a giant submarine dune field extending 30 km to the NW of the volcano. Felsic igneous activity continues at least as recently as c. 20 000 years ago, with emplacement of resurgent dacite domes, some hot enough to power the only black smoker hydrothermal system known in the Mariana arc. In contrast, felsic eruptions do not occur on the two volcanoes to the west, implying that the mid-crustal felsic zone does not underlie the thinner crust of the Mariana Trough back-arc basin. Diamante cross-chain lavas define a medium K suite; mafic lava phenocryst assemblages show arc-like associations of anorthite-rich plagioclase with Fe-rich olivine. Magmatic temperatures for a basaltic andesite and three dacites are c. 1100 degrees C and c. 800 degrees C, respectively, typical for cool, wet, subduction-related felsic magmas. Felsic magmas formed under low-P crustal conditions. The Diamante cross-chain is the southernmost of at least seven and perhaps eight Mariana arc volcanoes in a c. 115 km long arc segment characterized by felsic eruptions. This is the 'Anatahan Felsic Province', which may have formed above a mid-crustal tonalite body that formed by fractionation or was remelted when heated by c. 1200 degrees C mafic, mantle-derived magmas. Across- and along-arc variations suggest that felsic eruptions and dome emplacement occurred when midcrustal tonalite was remobilized by intrusions of mafic magma, while north-south extension facilitated the development of conduits to the surface. C1 [Stern, Robert J.; Pujana, Ignacio] Univ Texas Dallas, Geosci Dept, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Tamura, Yoshi; Shukano, Hiroshi; Kawabata, Hiroshi; Nunokawa, Akiko; Nichols, Alexander R. L.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, Inst Res Earth Evolut IFREE, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Ishizuka, Osamu] AIST, Inst Geosci, Geol Survey Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058567, Japan. [Bloomer, Sherman H.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Embley, Robert W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Leybourne, Matthew] ALS Geochem, N Vancouver, BC V7H 0A7, Canada. [Kohut, Edward] Univ Delaware, Dept Geol Sci, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Stern, RJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Geosci Dept, Box 830688, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM rjstern@utdallas.edu OI Nichols, Alexander/0000-0002-8298-2882 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC PUBLISHING HOUSE PI BATH PA UNIT 7, BRASSMILL ENTERPRISE CTR, BRASSMILL LANE, BATH BA1 3JN, AVON, ENGLAND SN 0305-8719 BN 978-1-86239-369-1 J9 GEOL SOC SPEC PUBL JI Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. PY 2014 VL 385 BP 235 EP 255 DI 10.1144/SP385.6 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Geology GA BB3MM UT WOS:000342894900012 ER PT S AU Garboczi, EJ Stutzman, PE Wang, S Martys, NS Hassan, AM Duthinh, D Provenzano, V Chou, SG Plusquellic, DF Surek, JT Kim, S McMichael, RD Stiles, MD AF Garboczi, E. J. Stutzman, P. E. Wang, S. Martys, N. S. Hassan, A. M. Duthinh, D. Provenzano, V. Chou, S. G. Plusquellic, D. F. Surek, J. T. Kim, S. McMichael, R. D. Stiles, M. D. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Corrosion Detection in Steel-Reinforced Concrete Using a Spectroscopic Technique SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Corrosion; Detection; Anti-feromagnetism; Resonance; Microwaves; Terahertz; Spectrosocpy ID TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY AB Detecting the early corrosion of steel that is embedded in in reinforced concrete (rebar) is a goal that would greatly facilitate the inspection and measurement of corrosion in the US physical infrastructure. Since 2010, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been working on a large project to develop an electromagnetic (EM) probe that detects the specific corrosion products via spectroscopic means. Several principal iron corrosion products, such as hematite and goethite, are antiferromagnetic at field temperatures. At a given applied EM frequency, which depends on temperature, these compounds undergo a unique absorption resonance that identifies the presence of these particular iron corrosion products. The frequency of the resonances tends to be on the order of 100 GHz or higher, so transmitting EM waves through the cover concrete and back out again at a detectable level has been challenging. NIST has successfully detected these two iron corrosion products, and is developing equipment and methodologies that will be capable of penetrating the typical 50 mm of cover concrete in the field. The novel part of this project is the detection of specific compounds, rather than only geometrical changes in rebar cross-section. This method has the potential of providing an early-corrosion probe for steel in reinforced concrete, and for other applications where steel is covered by various layers and coatings. C1 [Garboczi, E. J.; Stutzman, P. E.; Wang, S.; Martys, N. S.; Hassan, A. M.; Duthinh, D.; Provenzano, V.; Chou, S. G.; McMichael, R. D.; Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Plusquellic, D. F.; Surek, J. T.; Kim, S.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 769 EP 772 DI 10.1063/1.4864898 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400103 ER PT S AU Hassan, AM Martys, NS Garboczi, EJ McMichael, RD Stiles, MD Plusquellic, DF Stutzman, PE Wang, S Provenzano, V Surek, JT Novotny, DR Coder, JB Janezic, MD Kim, S AF Hassan, A. M. Martys, N. S. Garboczi, E. J. McMichael, R. D. Stiles, M. D. Plusquellic, D. F. Stutzman, P. E. Wang, S. Provenzano, V. Surek, J. T. Novotny, D. R. Coder, J. B. Janezic, M. D. Kim, S. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Measurement and Simulation of Millimeter Wave Scattering Cross-sections from Steel-Reinforced Concrete SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Antiferromagnetic Magnetic Resonance; Corrosion; Nondestructive Testing; Millimeter Wave; COMSOL ID CONDUCTING CYLINDER AB Some iron oxide corrosion products exhibit antiferromagnetic magnetic resonances (AFMR) at frequencies on the order of 100 GHz at ambient temperatures. AFMR can be detected in laboratory conditions, which serves as the basis for a new non-destructive spectroscopic method for detecting early corrosion. When attempting to measure the steel corrosion in reinforced concrete in the field, rebar geometry must be taken into account. Experiments and numerical simulations have been developed at frequencies near 100 GHz to sort out these effects. The experimental setup involves a vector network analyzer with converter heads to up-convert the output frequency, which is then connected to a horn antenna followed by a 7.5 cm diameter polymer lens to focus the waves on the sample. Two sets of samples were studied: uniform cylindrical rods and rebar corrosion samples broken out of concrete with different kinds of coatings. Electromagnetic scattering from uniform rods were calculated numerically using classical modal expansion. A finite-element electromagnetic solver was used to model more complex rebar geometry and non-uniform corrosion layers. Experimental and numerical data were compared to help quantify and understand the anticipated effect of local geometrical features on AFMR measurements. C1 [Hassan, A. M.; Martys, N. S.; Garboczi, E. J.; McMichael, R. D.; Stiles, M. D.; Plusquellic, D. F.; Stutzman, P. E.; Wang, S.; Provenzano, V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Surek, J. T.; Novotny, D. R.; Coder, J. B.; Janezic, M. D.; Kim, S.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hassan, AM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU NIST Innovations in Measurement Science (IMS) FX This work is funded by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science (IMS) project, Detection of Corrosion in teel-Reinforced Concrete by Antiferromagnetic Resonance. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 773 EP 780 DI 10.1063/1.4864899 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400104 ER PT S AU Livingston, RA Al-Sheikhly, M Grissom, C Aloiz, E Paul, R AF Livingston, R. A. Al-Sheikhly, M. Grissom, C. Aloiz, E. Paul, R. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Feasibility Study of Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation for NDT Measurement of Moisture in Stone and Brick SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Stone; Moisture; Smithsonian; Neutrons AB The conservation of stone and brick architecture or sculpture often involves damage caused by moisture. The feasibility of a NDT method based on prompt gamma neutron activation (PGNA) for measuring the element hydrogen as an indication of water is being evaluated. This includes systematic characterization of the lithology and physical properties of seven building stones and one brick type used in the buildings of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D. C. To determine the required dynamic range of the NDT method, moisture-related properties were measured by standard methods. Cold neutron PGNA was also used to determine chemically bound water (CBW) content. The CBW does not damage porous masonry, but creates an H background that defines the minimum level of detection of damaging moisture. The CBW was on the order of 0.5% for all the stones. This rules out the measurement of hygric processes in all of the stones and hydric processed for the stones with fine scale pore-size distributions The upper bound of moisture content, set by porosity through water immersion, was on the order of 5%. The dynamic range is about 10-20. The H count rates were roughly 1-3 cps. Taking into account differences in neutron energies and fluxes and sample volume between cold PGNA and a portable PGNA instrument, it appears that it is feasible to apply PGNA in the field. C1 [Livingston, R. A.; Al-Sheikhly, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Grissom, C.; Aloiz, E.] Smithsonian Inst, Museum Conservat Inst, Washington, DC 20746 USA. [Paul, R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Livingston, RA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM rliving1@umd.edu FU University of Maryland-Smithsonian Institution Seed Program FX This research was partially funded by a grant from the University of Maryland-Smithsonian Institution Seed Program. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 828 EP 835 DI 10.1063/1.4864907 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400112 ER PT S AU Slotwinski, JA AF Slotwinski, J. A. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Additive Manufacturing: Overview and NDE Challenges SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Additive Manufacturing; Non-destructive Evaluation AB Additive manufacturing (AM) processes are capable of producing highly complex and customized parts, without the need for dedicated tooling, and can produce parts directly from the part design information. These types of processes are poised to revolutionize the manufacturing industry, yet there are several challenges that are currently preventing more widespread adoption of AM technologies. Traditional Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) methods could be utilized in both in-process and post-process applications to help overcome these challenges, although currently there are very few examples of in-situ sensors for monitoring AM processes. This paper gives an overview of AM technology, and discusses the potential benefits and challenges of using NDE in AM applications. C1 NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slotwinski, JA (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.slotwinski@nist.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1173 EP 1177 DI 10.1063/14864953 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400158 ER PT S AU Slotwinski, JA Stutzman, PE Ferraris, CF Watson, SS Peltz, MA Garboczi, EJ AF Slotwinski, J. A. Stutzman, P. E. Ferraris, C. F. Watson, S. S. Peltz, M. A. Garboczi, E. J. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Physical and Chemical Characterization Techniques for Metallic Powders SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Metallic Powders; Physical and Chemical Characterization AB Systematic studies have been carried out on two different powder materials used for additive manufacturing: stainless steel and cobalt-chrome. An extensive array of characterization techniques were applied to these two powders. The physical techniques included laser-diffraction particle-size analysis, X-ray computed tomography for size and shape analysis, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Techniques sensitive to chemistry included X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive analytical X-ray analysis. The background of these techniques will be summarized and some typical findings comparing different samples of virgin additive manufacturing powders, taken from the same lot, will be given. The techniques were used to confirm that different samples of powder from the same lot were essentially identical, within the uncertainty of the measurements. C1 [Slotwinski, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slotwinski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.slotwinski@nist.gov; edward.garboci@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1178 EP 1183 DI 10.1063/14864954 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400159 ER PT S AU Slotwinski, JA Watson, SS Stutzman, PE Ferraris, CF Peltz, MA Garboczi, EJ AF Slotwinski, J. A. Watson, S. S. Stutzman, P. E. Ferraris, C. F. Peltz, M. A. Garboczi, E. J. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Application of Physical and Chemical Characterization Techniques to Metallic Powders SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Metallic Powders; Physical and Chemical Characterization AB Systematic studies have been carried out on two different powder materials used for additive manufacturing: stainless steel and cobalt-chrome. The characterization of these powders is important in NIST efforts to develop appropriate measurements and standards for additive materials and to document the property of powders used in a NIST-led additive manufacturing material round robin. An extensive array of characterization techniques was applied to these two powders, in both virgin and recycled states. The physical techniques included laser diffraction particle size analysis, X-ray computed tomography for size and shape analysis, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Techniques sensitive to chemistry, including X-ray diffraction and energy dispersive analytical X-ray analysis using the X-rays generated during scanning electron microscopy, were also employed. Results of these analyses will be used to shed light on the question: how does virgin powder change after being exposed to and recycled from one or more additive manufacturing build cycles? In addition, these findings can give insight into the actual additive manufacturing process. C1 [Slotwinski, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watson, S. S.; Stutzman, P. E.; Ferraris, C. F.; Peltz, M. A.; Garboczi, E. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slotwinski, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.slotwinski@nist.gov; edward.garboci@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1184 EP 1190 DI 10.1063/14864955 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400160 ER PT S AU Moylan, S Whitenton, E Lane, B Slotwinski, J AF Moylan, Shawn Whitenton, Eric Lane, Brandon Slotwinski, John BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Infrared Thermography for Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Processes SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Additive Manufacturing; Powder Bed Fusion; Infrared Thermography; Thermal Imaging; Hyperspectral Camera AB Additive manufacturing (AM) has the potential to revolutionize discrete part manufacturing, but improvements in processing of metallic materials are necessary before AM will see widespread adoption. A better understanding of AM processes, resulting from physics-based modeling as well as direct process metrology, will form the basis for these improvements. Infrared (IR) thermography of AM processes can provide direct process metrology, as well as data necessary for the verification of physics-based models. We review selected works examining how IR thermography was implemented and used in various powder-bed AM processes. This previous work, as well as significant experience at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in temperature measurement and IR thermography for machining processes, shapes our own research in AM process metrology with IR thermography. We discuss our experimental design, as well as plans for future IR measurements of a laser-based powder bed fusion AM process. C1 [Moylan, Shawn; Whitenton, Eric; Lane, Brandon; Slotwinski, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moylan, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shawn.moylan@nist.gov; john.slotwinski@nist.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1191 EP 1196 DI 10.1063/14864956 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400161 ER PT S AU Slotwinski, JA Garboczi, EJ AF Slotwinski, J. A. Garboczi, E. J. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Porosity of Additive Manufacturing Parts for Process Monitoring SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Additive Manufacturing; Porosity; Archimedes; X-Ray Computed Tomography; Ultrasonics; Non-Destructive Evaluation ID ULTRASONIC VELOCITY; CERAMICS AB Some metal additive manufacturing processes can produce parts with internal porosity, either intentionally (with careful selection of the process parameters) or unintentionally (if the process is not well-controlled.) Material porosity is undesirable for aerospace parts - since porosity could lead to premature failure - and desirable for some biomedical implants, since surface-breaking pores allow for better integration with biological tissue. Changes in a part's porosity during an additive manufacturing build may also be an indication of an undesired change in the process. We are developing an ultrasonic sensor for detecting changes in porosity in metal parts during fabrication on a metal powder bed fusion system, for use as a process monitor. This paper will describe our work to develop an ultrasonic-based sensor for monitoring part porosity during an additive build, including background theory, the development and detailed characterization of reference additive porosity samples, and a potential design for in-situ implementation. C1 [Slotwinski, J. A.] NIST, Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Slotwinski, JA (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.slotwinski@nist.gov; edward.garboci@nist.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1197 EP 1204 DI 10.1063/14864957 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400162 ER PT S AU Gnaupel-Herold, T Slotwinski, J Moylan, S AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas Slotwinski, John Moylan, Shawn BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Neutron Measurements of Stresses in a Test Artifact Produced by Laser-based Additive Manufacturing SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Residual Stress; Additive Manufacturing; Powder Bed Fusion; Direct Metal Laser Sintering ID DIFFRACTION AB A stainless steel test artifact produced by Direct Metal Laser Sintering and similar to a proposed standardized test artifact was examined using neutron diffraction. The artifact contained a number of structures with different aspect ratios pertaining to wall thickness, height above base plate, and side length. Through spatial resolutions of the order of one millimeter the volumetric distribution of stresses in several was measured. It was found that the stresses peak in the tensile region around 500 MPa near the top surface, with balancing compressive stresses in the interior. The presence of a support structure (a one millimeter high, thin walled, hence weaker, lattice structure deposited on the base plate, followed by a fully dense AM structure) has only minor effects on the stresses. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slotwinski, John; Moylan, Shawn] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov; john.slotwinski@nist.gov; shawn.moylan@nist.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1205 EP 1212 DI 10.1063/14864958 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400163 ER PT S AU Hassan, AM Garboczi, EJ AF Hassan, A. M. Garboczi, E. J. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Electromagnetic Scattering from a Carbon Nanotube Array Embedded in a Dielectric Slab SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Carbon Nanotubes; Composites; Electromagnetic Testing; Wire Arrays ID CONDUCTIVITY; ANTENNAS AB Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have exceptional electrical and mechanical properties that have fueled extensive research on their incorporation in advanced composite materials. The CNT density and dispersion characteristics have a strong impact on overall composite properties. Electromagnetic waves in the microwave band represent a non-contact and data-rich technique for the Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of CNT composites. To help understand the NDE of real random composites, spatially-ordered composite models can be studied to glean insight into how different CNT configurations produce different microwave responses. In this work, an analytical full wave electromagnetic model of CNT composites is developed. The basis of the model is to represent the composite as an array of infinitesimally thin wires, with the equivalent impedance of CNT, embedded in a dielectric slab. A parametric study is performed to study how the electromagnetic response of the composite is affected by the filling metal inside the CNT and the spacing between the individual CNTs. This analytical work on ordered composites will provide a guide for the interpretation of the microwave NDE of real CNT composites. C1 [Hassan, A. M.; Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hassan, AM (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ahmed.hassan@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1488 EP 1493 DI 10.1063/1.4864998 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400203 ER PT S AU Hassan, AM Douglas, JF Garboczi, EJ AF Hassan, A. M. Douglas, J. F. Garboczi, E. J. BE Chimenti, DE Bond, LJ Thompson, DO TI Computational Modeling of the Electromagnetic Characteristics of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites with Different Weave Structures SO 40TH ANNUAL REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION: INCORPORATING THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BARKHAUSEN NOISE AND MICROMAGNETIC TESTING, VOLS 33A & 33B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Barkhausen and Micro-Magnetics (ICBM) CY JUL 21-26, 2013 CL Baltimore, MD SP Quantitat Nondestruct Evaluat Programs, Amer Soc Nondestruct Testing, NDE Centers, World Federat, Stresstech Grp & Int Conf Barkhausen Noise & Micromagnet Testing Org Comm, Int Comm NDT, Natl Sci Fdn Ind Univ Cooperat Res Ctr, Iowa State Univ, Ctr Nondestruct Evaluat DE Carbon Fiber; Twill; Satin; Plain; Terahertz; Microwave; Screening; COMSOL AB Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRPC) are of great interest in the aerospace and automotive industries due to their exceptional mechanical properties. Carbon fibers are typically woven and inter-laced perpendicularly in warps and wefts to form a carbon fabric that can be embedded in a binding matrix. The warps and wefts can be interlaced in different patterns called weaving structures. The primary weaving structures are the plain, twill, and satin weaves, which give different mechanical composite properties. The goal of this work is to computationally investigate the dependence of CFRPC microwave and terahertz electromagnetic characteristics on weave structure. These bands are good candidates for the Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of CFRPC since their wavelengths are comparable to the main weave features. 3D full wave electromagnetic simulations of several different weave models have been performed using a finite element (FEM) simulator, which is able to accurately model the complex weave structure. The computational experiments demonstrate that the reflection of electromagnetic waves from CFRPC depend sensitively on weave structure. The reflection spectra calculated in this work can be used to identify the optimal frequencies for the NDE of each weave structure. C1 [Hassan, A. M.; Garboczi, E. J.] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Douglas, J. F.] NIST, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hassan, AM (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ahmed.hassan@nist.gov; edward.garboci@nist.gov FU NIST project FX This work is funded under NIST project, Carbon Nanocomposite Manufacturing: Processing, Properties, Performance, which is a large project dedicated to developing microwave in-line quality control sensor for the manufacture of polymer nanocomposites NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-1212-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2014 VL 1581 BP 1494 EP 1499 DI 10.1063/1.4864999 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BB2TW UT WOS:000342312400204 ER PT S AU Benkstein, KD Montgomery, CB Semancik, S AF Benkstein, Kurt D. Montgomery, Christopher B. Semancik, Steve BE George, T Islam, MS Dutta, AK TI Trace chemical detection in air using electronic noses and nano-structured sensing materials SO MICRO- AND NANOTECHNOLOGY SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND APPLICATIONS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications VI CY MAY 05-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE gas-phase sensors; e-nose; chemiresistor ID TEMPERATURE MODULATION; SENSORS; OPTIMIZATION; ATMOSPHERE; PLATFORMS AB For a variety of application areas, including homeland defense, environmental and health monitoring and emergency response, the detection of gas-phase chemicals is of great interest. One approach to these challenging sensing tasks is to use arrays of broadly selective chemical sensors as an electronic nose. In this presentation, we describe recent research at NIST, which employs multi-element microscale chemiresistor arrays populated with varied (chemically and morphologically) sensing materials. Furthermore, we modulate the operating temperature of the microsensors on millisecond timescales to enable increased selectivity for the detection of several volatile organic compounds in air at varied concentrations less than 100 mu mol/mol. C1 [Benkstein, Kurt D.; Montgomery, Christopher B.; Semancik, Steve] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benkstein, KD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kurt.benkstein@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-020-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9083 AR 90830X DI 10.1117/12.2067312 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA BB2VW UT WOS:000342426300021 ER PT B AU Vasilic, K Geiker, M Hattel, J Martinie, L Martys, N Roussel, N Spangenberg, J AF Vasilic, Ksenija Geiker, Mette Hattel, Jesper Martinie, Laetitia Martys, Nicos Roussel, Nicolas Spangenberg, Jon BE Roussel, N Gram, A TI Advanced Methods and Future Perspectives SO SIMULATION OF FRESH CONCRETE FLOW: STATE-OF-THE-ART REPORT OF THE RILEM TECHNICAL COMMITTEE 222-SCF SE RILEM State of the Art Reports LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SEMICONCENTRATED FIBER SUSPENSIONS; DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; SHEAR-FLOW; SIMULATION; COMPOSITES; MOTION; FLUID C1 [Vasilic, Ksenija] Bundesanstalt Mat Forsch und Prufung, BAM, Berlin, Germany. [Geiker, Mette; Hattel, Jesper; Spangenberg, Jon] Danmarks Tekn Univ, DTU, Lyngby, Denmark. [Martinie, Laetitia; Roussel, Nicolas] Univ Paris Est, IFSTTAR, Paris, France. [Martys, Nicos] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vasilic, K (reprint author), Bundesanstalt Mat Forsch und Prufung, BAM, Berlin, Germany. OI Spangenberg, Jon/0000-0002-5411-6821 NR 49 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-94-017-8884-7; 978-94-017-8883-0 J9 RILEM STATE ART REP PY 2014 VL 15 BP 125 EP 146 DI 10.1007/978-94-017-8884-7_5 D2 10.1007/978-94-017-8884-7 PG 22 WC Construction & Building Technology; Mechanics SC Construction & Building Technology; Mechanics GA BB2ZF UT WOS:000342576000006 ER PT S AU Cooksey, CC Tsai, BK Allen, DW AF Cooksey, Catherine C. Tsai, Benjamin K. Allen, David W. BE Gilbreath, GC Hawley, CT TI A collection and statistical analysis of skin reflectance signatures for inherent variability over the 250 nm to 2500 nm spectral range SO ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SIGNATURES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Active and Passive Signatures V CY MAY 07-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Skin; spectral; reflectance; traceable data; reference data; signatures; variability AB The spectral reflectance signature of human skin provides opportunities to advance observations ranging from medical treatment to security applications. In this study 28 volunteers participated in a skin reflectance measurement of the inside of the right forearm. The reflectance measurements were made over the 250 nm to 2500 nm spectral range. The analysis included estimates of the variability attributed to the instrument, variability of the same subject, and variability among subjects. This allowed for determining measures of similarity and differences that indicate the inherent separability within the distribution. While this sample size may not fully represent a full diverse-population, it does provide a provisional reference point for modeling and simulation. C1 [Cooksey, Catherine C.; Tsai, Benjamin K.; Allen, David W.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, CC (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-019-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9082 AR 908206 DI 10.1117/12.2053604 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BB2TH UT WOS:000342292700005 ER PT J AU Meng, F Cao, CY Shao, X Shi, YG AF Meng, F. Cao, C. Y. Shao, X. Shi, Y. G. TI Spatial and temporal variation of Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)-derived aerosol optical thickness over Shandong, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID DEPTH; SATELLITE; TRENDS; AERONET; MODIS; ASIA AB Spatial and temporal variations in regional aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 550 nm over Shandong Province, China, based on one year's Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data were investigated. The regional forest background (FB) annual mean AOT was 0.467 with a standard deviation of 0.339, which was much higher than the North America background continental AOT level of 0.10. Higher AOT values for the study region were mainly found in the spring and summer, especially from May to August, while the lowest mean values were seen in November and December. Urban areas all have obviously higher mean AOT values than those of the rural areas resulting from intense anthropogenic sources. Given that FB AOT represents the natural background level, we estimated that anthropogenic emissions and secondary aerosol generation contribute approximately 0.352 to aerosol loading in this region. Additionally, strong regional imbalance of AOT was found to be distributed over the study area. The maximum annual average AOT values occurred in inland cities, while coastal cities usually had lower AOT values. C1 [Meng, F.; Shao, X.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Meng, F.] Shandong Jianzhu Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Jinan, Peoples R China. [Cao, C. Y.] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Shi, Y. G.] Shandong Meteorol Bur, Jinan, Peoples R China. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Shao, Xi/H-9452-2016 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271413]; Chinese National Key Project [41130525] FX This work is partially funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271413], the Chinese National Key Project [41130525]. NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 16 BP 6023 EP 6034 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.939784 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AP7ZU UT WOS:000342298200005 ER PT J AU Carnevale, G Collette, BB AF Carnevale, Giorgio Collette, Bruce B. TI ZAPPAICHTHYS HARZHAUSERI, GEN. ET SP NOV., A NEW MIOCENE TOADFISH (TELEOSTEI, BATRACHOIDIFORMES) FROM THE PARATETHYS (ST. MARGARETHEN IN BURGENLAND, AUSTRIA), WITH COMMENTS ON THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BATRACHOIDIFORM FISHES SO JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAY-FINNED FISH; MIDDLE MIOCENE; OPSANUS-TAU; PLIOCENE; ECUADOR; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; MOVEMENT; PACIFIC AB Toadfishes (Batrachoidiformes) are benthic fishes often burying in the sand or under rocks that occur worldwide in tropical to temperate marine and brackish waters. The Batrachoididae, the only known family of the order Batrachoidiformes, includes 23 extant genera and about 80 species arranged in four subfamilies. A new genus and species of toadfish, dagger Zappaichthys harzhauseri, gen. et sp. nov., is described from the middle Miocene (upper Badenian) Leitha Limestone of St. Margarethen in Burgenland, Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin, Austria. It is based on three partially complete, well-preserved articulated skeletons plus a neurocranium that display a unique combination of characters [possession of 29 (10 + 19) vertebrae; dorsal fin with three solid spines and 16 rays; anal fin with 11 rays; pectoral fin with 20-25 rays; interorbital region of the neurocranium wide; postorbital sector of the neurocranium longer than the orbital one; four ossified pectoral-fin radials; opercle with a strong pointed spine; subopercle bearing two spines and two short filaments; scales absent] that support its recognition as a new genus of the family Batrachoididae. dagger Zappaichthys harzhauseri, gen. et sp. nov., is the oldest member of the Batrachoidiformes known to date based on articulated skeletal remains. The fossil record of batrachoidiform fishes is discussed in detail. C1 [Carnevale, Giorgio] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Collette, Bruce B.] Smithsonian Inst, NMFS Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Carnevale, G (reprint author), Univ Turin, Dipartimento Sci Terra, Via Valperga Caluso 35, I-10125 Turin, Italy. EM giorgio.carnevale@unito.it; collettb@si.edu NR 103 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0272-4634 EI 1937-2809 J9 J VERTEBR PALEONTOL JI J. Vertebr. Paleontol. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 5 BP 1005 EP 1017 DI 10.1080/02724634.2014.854801 PG 13 WC Paleontology SC Paleontology GA AP4QQ UT WOS:000342063400002 ER PT J AU Litvin, SY Weinstein, MP Guida, VG AF Litvin, Steven Y. Weinstein, Michael P. Guida, Vincent G. TI Habitat utilization patterns determine the physiological condition of Cynoscion regalis during estuarine residency SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Nursery function; Tidal salt marsh; Triacylglycerol; Inter-annual variability ID MUMMICHOG FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; LIPID CLASS COMPOSITION; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT; JUVENILE WEAKFISH; STABLE-ISOTOPE; SALT-MARSH; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; ENERGY ALLOCATION; DELAWARE BAY AB For many species, quantifying nursery function of estuarine habitats, including tidal salt marshes, for early life stages is complicated by multiple habitat shifts over their period of estuarine residency. Our study relates the physiological condition of young of the year (YOY) of a marine transient species (weakfish Cynoscion regalis) to the quality of habitats frequented during their period of estuarine residency by examining their physiological condition (energetic reserves in the form of triacylglycerol, normalized to the expected changes with length) as a function of habitat use patterns and corresponding stable isotope signatures. In addition, for C. regalis preparing to emigrate offshore to wintering grounds, we evaluated the benefit of energetic reserves towards mitigating over-winter starvation in the context of individual metabolic rate. We found significant spatial distribution in the physiological condition of YOY C. regalis over their period of estuarine residency, with those utilizing polyhaline salt marshes consistently having comparable or higher condition across all years of the study. For C. regalis preparing to emigrate to offshore, we found inter-annual variability both in the relative utilization of marsh versus open bay regions and in their associated energetic reserves. However, variability in reserves was not reflected in the potential benefit of reserves in mitigating over-winter starvation, suggesting plasticity in energy allocation for YOY C. regalis. These results demonstrate that both the habitats utilized over the period of estuarine residency and larger-scale inter-annual variability can affect the condition and preparedness of YOY marine transients for the rigors of migration and over-wintering. C1 [Litvin, Steven Y.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Weinstein, Michael P.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Nat Resources Dev & Protect, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Guida, Vincent G.] NOAA, NMFS, JJ Howard Lab, NEFSC, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Litvin, SY (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, 120 Oceanview Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM litvin@stanford.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Saltonstall-Kennedy [NA 86FD0109]; NOAA Aquatic Nuisance Species [NA 17RG1396]; Marsh Ecology Research Program; Estuary Enhancement Program (EEP); [NJSG-14-851] FX Funding was provided by grants NA 86FD0109 (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA] Saltonstall-Kennedy) and NA 17RG1396 (NOAA Aquatic Nuisance Species), the Marsh Ecology Research Program, and the Estuary Enhancement Program (EEP). We thank J. Balletto of the EEP for support, Peter Morin for statistical advice, and Aaron Carlisle and 3 reviewers for their comments. This paper is recorded as Sea Grant contribution NJSG-14-851 for the New Jersey Sea Grant Consortium. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of New Jersey Sea Grant or the U.S Department of Commerce. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 510 BP 87 EP 99 DI 10.3354/meps10913 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AQ0FH UT WOS:000342457800008 ER PT J AU Luo, JY Grassian, B Tang, D Irisson, JO Greer, AT Guigand, CM McClatchie, S Cowen, RK AF Luo, Jessica Y. Grassian, Benjamin Tang, Dorothy Irisson, Jean-Olivier Greer, Adam T. Guigand, Cedric M. McClatchie, Sam Cowen, Robert K. TI Environmental drivers of the fine-scale distribution of a gelatinous zooplankton community across a mesoscale front SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Gelatinous zooplankton; Jellyfish; Fronts; Community dynamics; Aggregations; Environmental drivers; Imaging systems; Southern California Bight ID ICHTHYOPLANKTON IMAGING-SYSTEM; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SIPHONOPHORE ASSEMBLAGES; NARCOMEDUSAE CNIDARIA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; INSITU OBSERVATIONS; SEASONAL ABUNDANCE; PELAGIC COMMUNITY; CTENOPHORE BLOOMS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR AB Mesoscale fronts occur frequently in many coastal areas and often are sites of elevated productivity; however, knowledge of the fine-scale distribution of zooplankton at these fronts is lacking, particularly within the mid-trophic levels. Furthermore, small (<13 cm) gelatinous zooplankton are ubiquitous, but are under-studied, and their abundances underestimated due to inadequate sampling technology. Using the In Situ Ichthyoplankton Imaging System (ISIIS), we describe the fine-scale distribution of small gelatinous zooplankton at a sharp salinity-driven front in the Southern California Bight. Between 15 and 17 October 2010, over 129000 hydromedusae, ctenophores, and siphonophores within 44 taxa, and nearly 650000 pelagic tunicates were imaged in 5450 m(3) of water. Organisms were separated into 4 major assemblages which were largely associated with depth-related factors. Species distribution modeling using boosted regression trees revealed that hydromedusae and tunicates were primarily associated with temperature and depth, siphonophores with dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and ctenophores with DO. The front was the least influential out of all environmental variables modeled. Additionally, except for 6 taxa, all other taxa were not aggregated at the front. Results provide new insights into the biophysical drivers of gelatinous zooplankton distributions and the varying influence of mesoscale fronts in structuring zooplankton communities. C1 [Luo, Jessica Y.; Grassian, Benjamin; Tang, Dorothy; Greer, Adam T.; Guigand, Cedric M.; Cowen, Robert K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Irisson, Jean-Olivier] Univ Paris 06, Ocean Observ Villefranche Sur Mer, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Greer, Adam T.] Univ Georgia, Coll Engn, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [McClatchie, Sam] NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Cowen, Robert K.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Luo, JY (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jessica.luo@rsmas.miami.edu FU NOAA Fisheries Service; University of Miami's Maytag Fellowship; NSF Graduate Research Fellowship FX We thank Phil Pugh, Steve Haddock, Dhugal Lindsay, Bill Browne and Casey Dunn for contributing their taxonomic expertise in identifying organisms. Jenna Binstein, Michelle Giorgilli and Allison LaChanse helped with image analysis. Su Sponaugle and Rob Condon contributed helpful discussions and review of earlier drafts. We thank Shin-ichi Uye and 3 anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped improve the manuscript. We thank the Captain and crew of the R/V 'Bell M. Shimada'. Partial funding for this study comes from the NOAA Fisheries Service. J.Y.L. was supported by University of Miami's Maytag Fellowship and a NSF Graduate Research Fellowship. NR 88 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 510 BP 129 EP 149 DI 10.3354/meps10908 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AQ0FH UT WOS:000342457800013 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Barcelo, C Robinson, KL Daly, EA Ruzicka, JJ AF Brodeur, Richard D. Barcelo, Caren Robinson, Kelly L. Daly, Elizabeth A. Ruzicka, James J. TI Spatial overlap between forage fishes and the large medusa Chrysaora fuscescens in the northern California Current region SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Scyphomedusae; Planktivores; Spatial overlap; Seasonal variability; Interannual variability; Pelagic fishes ID COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; TO-END MODELS; SURFACE WATERS; MARINE FISHES; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; GLOBAL OSCILLATIONS; JELLYFISH BLOOMS; DIETARY OVERLAP; PELAGIC FISHES; ENERGY-FLOW AB As in many regions of the world, the shelf waters of the western United States have experienced large increases and high interannual variability in jellyfish populations in recent decades. The northern California Current (NCC) is a productive upwelling zone that is home to large populations of medusae, particularly during some years. Seasonal trawl surveys in the NCC over 13 yr have documented a substantial biomass of jellyfish consisting primarily of one species, the sea nettle Chrysaora fuscescens, with abundances generally peaking in late summer. Trophic overlap can be high in the NCC with planktivorous species such as Pacific sardines and herring that consume copepods and other zooplankton. In this study, we examine the spatial overlap and co-occurrence of C. fuscescens and Pacific herring Clupea pallasii, northern anchovy Engraulis mordax and Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax in the NCC using spatial analysis tools to determine the species that have the potential to be most affected by high jellyfish biomass and the geographic areas in which these interactions are likely to occur. Significant spatial overlap of C. fuscescens with these pelagic fishes occurred during certain months and years, although the results were highly variable. There was an overall negative relationship between the abundance of C. fuscescens and the catch of the 3 forage fishes for both June and September. End-to-end food web models show that jellyfish have a greater potential to affect production of pelagic forage fishes than the reverse. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Barcelo, Caren] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Robinson, Kelly L.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.; Ruzicka, James J.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration; US GLOBEC program; US National Science Foundation; NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program; Lenfast Ocean Program - Pew Charitable Trusts [00025535] FX We are grateful to the many NOAA and university personnel who participated in collection of the data presented in this article. Our thanks are also extended to the masters and crews of the research and fishing vessels that helped to collect the data for this study. This manuscript was improved by the comments of three anonymous reviewers. Funding has been provided by the Bonneville Power Administration, US GLOBEC program, US National Science Foundation, NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program. K. L. R. and J.J.R. were supported by a Lenfast Ocean Program grant (No. 00025535) to W. M. Graham at the University of Southern Mississippi, funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 510 BP 167 EP 181 DI 10.3354/meps10810 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AQ0FH UT WOS:000342457800015 ER PT S AU Becker, D Gentry, C Smirnov, I Ade, P Beall, J Cho, HM Dicker, S Duncan, W Halpern, M Hilton, G Irwin, K Li, DL Paulter, N Reintsema, C Schwall, R Tucker, C AF Becker, Daniel Gentry, Cale Smirnov, Ilya Ade, Peter Beall, James Cho, Hsiao-Mei Dicker, Simon Duncan, William Halpern, Mark Hilton, Gene Irwin, Kent Li, Dale Paulter, Nick Reintsema, Carl Schwall, Robert Tucker, Carole BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Standoff passive video imaging at 350 GHz with 251 superconducting detectors SO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XVII CY MAY 08-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID MILLIMETER; TELESCOPE; CAMERA AB Millimeter wavelength radiation holds promise for detection of security threats at a distance, including suicide bomb belts and maritime threats in poor weather. The high sensitivity of superconducting Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detectors makes them ideal for passive imaging of thermal signals at these wavelengths. We have built a 350 GHz video-rate imaging system using a large-format array of feedhorn-coupled TES bolometers. The system operates at a standoff distance of 16m to 28m with a spatial resolution of 1.4 cm (at 17m). It currently contains one 251-detector subarray, and will be expanded to contain four subarrays for a total of 1004 detectors. The system has been used to take video images which reveal the presence of weapons concealed beneath a shirt in an indoor setting. We present a summary of this work. C1 [Becker, Daniel; Beall, James; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Duncan, William; Hilton, Gene; Li, Dale; Paulter, Nick; Reintsema, Carl; Schwall, Robert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gentry, Cale] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Ade, Peter; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Dicker, Simon] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Halpern, Mark] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Smirnov, Ilya] Univ Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Becker, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beckerd@nist.gov OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-015-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9078 AR UNSP 907804 DI 10.1117/12.2050712 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB2TF UT WOS:000342290900003 ER PT S AU Chamberlin, RA Mujica-Schwahn, N Grossman, EN AF Chamberlin, Richard A. Mujica-Schwahn, Natalie Grossman, Erich N. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI 650 GHz bistatic scattering measurements on human skin SO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XVII CY MAY 08-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE ID MODEL AB Many groups are developing submillimeter cameras that will be used to screen human subjects for improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and other threat items hidden beneath their clothing. To interpret submillimeter camera images the scattering properties, specifically the bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) must be known. This problem is not trivial because surfaces of man-made objects and human skin have topographic features comparable to the wavelength of submillimeter radiation -thus simple, theoretical scattering approximations do not apply. To address this problem we built a goniometer instrument to measure the BSDF from skin surfaces of live human subjects illuminated with a beam from a 650 GHz synthesized source. To obtain some multi-spectral information, the instrument was reconfigured with a 160 GHz source. Skin areas sampled are from the hand, interior of the forearm, abdomen, and back. The 650 GHz beam has an approximately Gaussian profile with a FWHM of approximately 1 cm. Instrument characteristics: angular resolution 2.9 degrees; noise floor -45 dB/sr; dynamic range > 70 dB; either s or p-polarization; 25 degrees <= bidirectional-scattering-angle <= 180 degrees; The human scattering target skin area was placed exactly on the goniometer center of rotation with normal angle of incidence to the source beam. Scattering power increased at the higher frequency. This new work enables radiometrically correct models of humans. Keywords: submillimeter bidirectional reflectance distribution, human skin C1 [Chamberlin, Richard A.; Mujica-Schwahn, Natalie; Grossman, Erich N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chamberlin, RA (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM richc@boulder.nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-015-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9078 AR 90780B DI 10.1117/12.2050729 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB2TF UT WOS:000342290900010 ER PT S AU Grossman, EN Leong, K Mei, XB Deal, WR AF Grossman, E. N. Leong, K. Mei, X. B. Deal, W. R. BE Wikner, DA Luukanen, AR TI Passive 670 GHz Imaging with Uncooled Low-Noise HEMT Amplifiers coupled to Zero-bias Diodes. SO PASSIVE AND ACTIVE MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING XVII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive and Active Millimeter-Wave Imaging XVII CY MAY 08-09, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE Times Roman; image area; acronyms; references AB We discuss the application of recently developed 670 GHz low-noise amplifiers based on InP HEMTs to passive indoor imaging. Packaged LNAs were integrated with commercial zero-bias diodes, and accurate measurements of system noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD) made, using blackbody sources. The NETD values are compared with independent prior measurements (Deal et al. 2011) of LNA gain, noise figure, and bandwidth, and with cryogenic bolometer measurements made in the same test conditions. Currently, the LNA gain is not sufficient to render the ZBD noise negligible; measurements are presented that separate the two components. Low-frequency noise measurements are also presented that display the effects of 1/f noise in the ZBD and gain variations in the LNA. The implications of the low-frequency noise are discussed in terms of scanning or beam-steering strategies for an imager based on the LNAs. Raster-scanned, single-pixel images of indoor scenes are presented. They are quantitatively interpreted in terms of NETD, and angular resolution and coupling efficiency of the optics. C1 [Grossman, E. N.] NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Leong, K.; Mei, X. B.; Deal, W. R.] Northrop Gruman Corp, 1 Space Pk, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM erich.grossman@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-015-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9078 AR UNSP 907809 DI 10.1117/12.2050738 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BB2TF UT WOS:000342290900008 ER PT J AU Liu, BQ Yang, H Ding, XW Li, XF AF Liu, Bingqing Yang, Hong Ding, Xianwen Li, Xiaofeng TI Tracking the internal waves in the South China Sea with environmental satellite sun glint images SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOLITARY WAVES; REFRACTION; SAR AB The propagation of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) was tracked using National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sun glint image pairs. The acquisition times of the two images comprising the same pair is usually separated by about 2 hours. Four pairs of images in May and August 2013 were analysed. The ISW phase speeds were derived using the horizontal displacement of the ISW patterns and the time difference between the 2 satellite images. The phase speeds were in good agreement with the theoretical calculations using the Sturm-Louisville (S-L) equation with a non-linear term. Monthly ocean stratification data and bathymetry were used in the theoretical calculations. The ISW phase speeds are mainly affected by bottom depth, with seasonal variations. The ISWs propagated faster in August than in May. Our results also show that the ISW propagation in northern SCS can be mapped using environmental satellite sun glint images in short period of time with the advantage of large scale. C1 [Liu, Bingqing; Yang, Hong; Ding, Xianwen] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, NCWCP E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, GST, NESDIS, NCWCP E RA3, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Liu, Bingqing/E-6932-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program funding; Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Program FX This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Program funding and the Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Program. NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2014 VL 5 IS 7 BP 609 EP 618 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2014.949365 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AP8AM UT WOS:000342300100003 ER PT J AU Bruhwiler, L Dlugokencky, E Masarie, K Ishizawa, M Andrews, A Miller, J Sweeney, C Tans, P Worthy, D AF Bruhwiler, L. Dlugokencky, E. Masarie, K. Ishizawa, M. Andrews, A. Miller, J. Sweeney, C. Tans, P. Worthy, D. TI CarbonTracker-CH4: an assimilation system for estimating emissions of atmospheric methane SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE DATA ASSIMILATION; SIBERIAN ARCTIC SHELF; ZOOM MODEL TM5; CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; CH4; SCALE; INVERSIONS AB We describe an assimilation system for atmospheric methane (CH4), CarbonTracker-CH4, and demonstrate the diagnostic value of global or zonally averaged CH4 abundances for evaluating the results. We show that CarbonTracker-CH4 is able to simulate the observed zonal average mole fractions and capture inter-annual variability in emissions quite well at high northern latitudes (53-90 degrees N). In contrast, CarbonTracker-CH4 is less successful in the tropics where there are few observations and therefore misses significant variability and is more influenced by prior flux estimates. CarbonTracker-CH4 estimates of total fluxes at high northern latitudes are about 81+/- 7 TgCH(4) yr-1, about 12 TgCH(4) yr-1 (13 %) lower than prior estimates, a result that is consistent with other atmospheric inversions. Emissions from European wetlands are decreased by 30 %, a result consistent with previous work by Bergamaschi et al. (2005); however, unlike their results, emissions from wetlands in boreal Eurasia are increased relative to the prior estimate. Although CarbonTracker-CH4 does not estimate an increasing trend in emissions from high northern latitudes for 2000 through 2010, significant inter-annual variability in high northern latitude fluxes is recovered. Exceptionally warm growing season temperatures in the Arctic occurred in 2007, a year that was also anonymously wet. Estimated emissions from natural sources were greater than the decadal average by 4.4+/- 3.8 TgCH(4) yr(-1) in 2007. CarbonTracker-CH4 estimates for temperate latitudes are only slightly increased over prior estimates, but about 10 TgCH(4) yr(-1) is redistributed from Asia to North America. This difference exceeds the estimated uncertainty for North America (+/- 3.5 TgCH(4) yr(-1)). We used time invariant prior flux estimates, so for the period from 2000 to 2006, when the growth rate of global atmospheric CH4 was very small, the assimilation does not produce increases in natural or anthropogenic emissions in contrast to bottom-up emission data sets. After 2006, when atmospheric CH4 began its recent increases, CarbonTracker-CH4 allocates some of the increases to anthropogenic emissions at temperate latitudes, and some to tropical wetland emissions. For temperate North America the prior flux increases by about 4 TgCH(4) yr(-1) during winter when biogenic emissions are small. Examination of the residuals at some North American observation sites suggests that increased gas and oil exploration may play a role since sites near fossil fuel production are particularly hard for the inversion to fit and the prior flux estimates at these sites are apparently lower and lower over time than what the atmospheric measurements imply. The tropics are not currently well resolved by CarbonTracker-CH4 due to sparse observational coverage and a short assimilation window. However, there is a small uncertainty reduction and posterior emissions are about 18% higher than prior estimates. Most of this increase is allocated to tropical South America rather than being distributed among the global tropics. Our estimates for this source region are about 32+/- 4 TgCH(4) yr(-1), in good agreement with the analysis of Melack et al. (2004) who obtained 29 TgCH(4) yr(-1) for the most productive region, the Amazon Basin. C1 [Bruhwiler, L.; Dlugokencky, E.; Masarie, K.; Andrews, A.; Miller, J.; Sweeney, C.; Tans, P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ishizawa, M.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Worthy, D.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Miller, J.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bruhwiler, L (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM lori.bruhwiler@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012 FU NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program FX This work, including the measurements that formed the basis for the study, were funded in part by NOAA's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate Program. The authors would like to thank M. Krol, W. Peters, S. Houweling, P. Bergamaschi and members of the TM5 Modeling Group for their support and helpful suggestions. The authors would also like to thank E. Chan for his helpful comments, and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions. NR 70 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 16 BP 8269 EP 8293 DI 10.5194/acp-14-8269-2014 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QK UT WOS:000341991600004 ER PT J AU Guillod, BP Orlowsky, B Miralles, D Teuling, AJ Blanken, PD Buchmann, N Ciais, P Ek, M Findell, KL Gentine, P Lintner, BR Scott, RL Van den Hurk, B Seneviratne, SI AF Guillod, B. P. Orlowsky, B. Miralles, D. Teuling, A. J. Blanken, P. D. Buchmann, N. Ciais, P. Ek, M. Findell, K. L. Gentine, P. Lintner, B. R. Scott, R. L. Van den Hurk, B. Seneviratne, S. I. TI Land-surface controls on afternoon precipitation diagnosed from observational data: uncertainties and confounding factors SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; BOUNDARY-LAYER INTERACTIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE FEEDBACKS; AMERICAN REGIONAL REANALYSIS; LOW-LEVEL PARAMETERS; DIURNAL TIME SCALES; ENERGY-BALANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CONTROLS; NORTHERN WISCONSIN; HEAT FLUXES AB The feedback between soil moisture and precipitation has long been a topic of interest due to its potential for improving weather and seasonal forecasts. The generally proposed mechanism assumes a control of soil moisture on precipitation via the partitioning of the surface turbulent heat fluxes, as assessed via the evaporative fraction (EF), i. e., the ratio of latent heat to the sum of latent and sensible heat, in particular under convective conditions. Our study investigates the poorly understood link between EF and precipitation by relating the before-noon EF to the frequency of afternoon precipitation over the contiguous US, through statistical analyses of multiple EF and precipitation data sets. We analyze remote-sensing data products (Global Land Evaporation: the Amsterdam Methodology (GLEAM) for EF, and radar precipitation from the NEXt generation weather RADar system (NEXRAD)), FLUXNET station data, and the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). Data sets agree on a region of positive relationship between EF and precipitation occurrence in the southwestern US. However, a region of strong positive relationship over the eastern US in NARR cannot be confirmed with observation-derived estimates (GLEAM, NEXRAD and FLUXNET). The GLEAM-NEXRAD data set combination indicates a region of positive EF-precipitation relationship in the central US. These disagreements emphasize large uncertainties in the EF data. Further analyses highlight that much of these EF-precipitation relationships could be explained by precipitation persistence alone, and it is unclear whether EF has an additional role in triggering afternoon precipitation. This also highlights the difficulties in isolating a land impact on precipitation. Regional analyses point to contrasting mechanisms over different regions. Over the eastern US, our analyses suggest that the EF-precipitation relationship in NARR is either atmospherically controlled (from precipitation persistence and potential evaporation) or driven by vegetation interception rather than soil moisture. Although this aligns well with the high forest cover and the wet regime of that region, the role of interception evaporation is likely overestimated because of low nighttime evaporation in NARR. Over the central and southwestern US, the EF-precipitation relationship is additionally linked to soil moisture variations, owing to the soil-moisture-limited climate regime. C1 [Guillod, B. P.; Orlowsky, B.; Seneviratne, S. I.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Miralles, D.] Univ Ghent, Lab Hydrol & Water Management, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Miralles, D.] Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol, Avon, England. [Teuling, A. J.] Wageningen Univ, Hydrol & Quantitat Water Management Grp, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Blanken, P. D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Buchmann, N.] ETH, Inst Agr Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Ciais, P.] LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ek, M.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Suitland, MD USA. [Findell, K. L.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Gentine, P.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY USA. [Lintner, B. R.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. [Scott, R. L.] USDA ARS, Southwest Watershed Res Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. [Van den Hurk, B.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, KNMI, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Guillod, BP (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM benoit.guillod@env.ethz.ch; sonia.seneviratne@env.ethz.ch RI Miralles, Diego/K-8857-2013; Buchmann, Nina/E-6095-2011; Guillod, Benoit/K-3191-2015; Seneviratne, Sonia/G-8761-2011 OI Miralles, Diego/0000-0001-6186-5751; Guillod, Benoit/0000-0003-1807-6997; Teuling, Adriaan/0000-0003-4302-2835; Seneviratne, Sonia/0000-0001-9528-2917 FU Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research SER under the framework of the COST Action [ES0804]; US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program [DE-FG02-04ER63917, DE-FG02-04ER63911]; CFCAS; NSERC; BIOCAP; Environment Canada; NRCan; CarboEuropeIP; FAO-GTOS-TCO; iLEAPS; Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry; National Science Foundation; University of Tuscia; University Laval; US Department of Energy FX We thank Han Dolman, Beverly E. Law, Altaf Alan, Markus Reichstein, Heini Wernli, and Christopher M. Taylor for discussions. We are also grateful for comments from the two anonymous reviewers. The authors acknowledge the Swiss State Secretariat for Education and Research SER for funding under the framework of the COST Action ES0804. NARR data is provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. This work used eddy-covariance data acquired by the FLUXNET community and in particular by the following networks: AmeriFlux (US Department of Energy, Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Carbon Program - DE-FG02-04ER63917 and DE-FG02-04ER63911) and Fluxnet-Canada (supported by CFCAS, NSERC, BIOCAP, Environment Canada, and NRCan). We acknowledge the financial support of the eddy-covariance data harmonization provided by CarboEuropeIP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, University Laval, Environment Canada, and US Department of Energy, and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California - Berkeley, and the University of Virginia. NR 140 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 16 BP 8343 EP 8367 DI 10.5194/acp-14-8343-2014 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QK UT WOS:000341991600008 ER PT J AU Cambaliza, MOL Shepson, PB Caulton, DR Stirm, B Samarov, D Gurney, KR Turnbull, J Davis, KJ Possolo, A Karion, A Sweeney, C Moser, B Hendricks, A Lauvaux, T Mays, K Whetstone, J Huang, J Razlivanov, I Miles, NL Richardson, SJ AF Cambaliza, M. O. L. Shepson, P. B. Caulton, D. R. Stirm, B. Samarov, D. Gurney, K. R. Turnbull, J. Davis, K. J. Possolo, A. Karion, A. Sweeney, C. Moser, B. Hendricks, A. Lauvaux, T. Mays, K. Whetstone, J. Huang, J. Razlivanov, I. Miles, N. L. Richardson, S. J. TI Assessment of uncertainties of an aircraft-based mass balance approach for quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LOS-ANGELES BASIN; METHANE EMISSIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2 EMISSIONS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; UNITED-STATES; OZONE; SCALE; VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA AB Urban environments are the primary contributors to global anthropogenic carbon emissions. Because much of the growth in CO2 emissions will originate from cities, there is a need to develop, assess, and improve measurement and modeling strategies for quantifying and monitoring greenhouse gas emissions from large urban centers. In this study the uncertainties in an aircraft-based mass balance approach for quantifying carbon dioxide and methane emissions from an urban environment, focusing on Indianapolis, IN, USA, are described. The relatively level terrain of Indianapolis facilitated the application of mean wind fields in the mass balance approach. We investigate the uncertainties in our aircraft-based mass balance approach by (1) assessing the sensitivity of the measured flux to important measurement and analysis parameters including wind speed, background CO2 and CH4, boundary layer depth, and interpolation technique, and (2) determining the flux at two or more downwind distances from a point or area source (with relatively large source strengths such as solid waste facilities and a power generating station) in rapid succession, assuming that the emission flux is constant. When we quantify the precision in the approach by comparing the estimated emissions derived from measurements at two or more downwind distances from an area or point source, we find that the minimum and maximum repeatability were 12 and 52%, with an average of 31 %. We suggest that improvements in the experimental design can be achieved by careful determination of the background concentration, monitoring the evolution of the boundary layer through the measurement period, and increasing the number of downwind horizontal transect measurements at multiple altitudes within the boundary layer. C1 [Cambaliza, M. O. L.; Shepson, P. B.; Caulton, D. R.; Moser, B.; Hendricks, A.; Mays, K.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, P. B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, P. B.] Purdue Univ, Purdue Climate Change Res Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Stirm, B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Aviat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Davis, K. J.; Lauvaux, T.; Miles, N. L.; Richardson, S. J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Samarov, D.; Possolo, A.; Whetstone, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Turnbull, J.] GNS Sci, Natl Isotope Ctr, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karion, A.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Gurney, K. R.; Huang, J.; Razlivanov, I.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Cambaliza, MOL (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mcambali@purdue.edu OI Turnbull, Jocelyn/0000-0002-0306-9658 FU NIST FX This research work is part of the Indianapolis Flux Experiment (INFLUX), which is funded by NIST. We also thank the Purdue University Jonathan Amy Facility for Chemical Instrumentation (JAFCI) for technical support in this project. Many thanks also go to Kuldeep Prasad of NIST for his helpful comments in this manuscript. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 10 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 17 BP 9029 EP 9050 DI 10.5194/acp-14-9029-2014 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QO UT WOS:000341992000012 ER PT J AU O'Doherty, S Rigby, M Muhle, J Ivy, DJ Miller, BR Young, D Simmonds, PG Reimann, S Vollmer, MK Krummel, PB Fraser, PJ Steele, LP Dunse, B Salameh, PK Harth, CM Arnold, T Weiss, RF Kim, J Park, S Li, S Lunder, C Hermansen, O Schmidbauer, N Zhou, LX Yao, B Wang, RHJ Manning, AJ Prinn, RG AF O'Doherty, S. Rigby, M. Muehle, J. Ivy, D. J. Miller, B. R. Young, D. Simmonds, P. G. Reimann, S. Vollmer, M. K. Krummel, P. B. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Dunse, B. Salameh, P. K. Harth, C. M. Arnold, T. Weiss, R. F. Kim, J. Park, S. Li, S. Lunder, C. Hermansen, O. Schmidbauer, N. Zhou, L. X. Yao, B. Wang, R. H. J. Manning, A. J. Prinn, R. G. TI Global emissions of HFC-143a (CH3CF3) and HFC-32 (CH2F2) from in situ and air archive atmospheric observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CF3-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; TRENDS; PERFLUOROCARBONS; LIFETIMES; STATION; HFCS AB High-frequency, in situ observations from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE), for the period 2003 to 2012, combined with archive flask measurements dating back to 1977, have been used to capture the rapid growth of HFC-143a (CH3CF3) and HFC-32 (CH2F2) mole fractions and emissions into the atmosphere. Here we report the first in situ global measurements of these two gases. HFC-143a and HFC-32 are the third and sixth most abundant hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) respectively and they currently make an appreciable contribution to the HFCs in terms of atmospheric radiative forcing (1.7 +/- 0.04 and 0.7 +/- 0.02 mW m(-2) in 2012 respectively). In 2012 the global average mole fraction of HFC-143a was 13.4 +/- 0.3 ppt (1 sigma) in the lower troposphere and its growth rate was 1.4 +/- 0.04 ppt yr(-1); HFC-32 had a global mean mole fraction of 6.2 +/- 0.2 ppt and a growth rate of 1.1 +/- 0.04 ppt yr(-1) in 2012. The extensive observations presented in this work have been combined with an atmospheric transport model to simulate global atmospheric abundances and derive global emission estimates. It is estimated that 23 +/- 3 Gg yr(-1) of HFC-143a and 21 +/- 11 Gg yr(-1) of HFC-32 were emitted globally in 2012, and the emission rates are estimated to be increasing by 7 +/- 5% yr(-1) for HFC-143a and 14 +/- 11% yr(-1) for HFC-32. C1 [O'Doherty, S.; Rigby, M.; Young, D.; Simmonds, P. G.] Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. [Muehle, J.; Salameh, P. K.; Harth, C. M.; Arnold, T.; Weiss, R. F.; Kim, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Ivy, D. J.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Miller, B. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, B. R.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Reimann, S.; Vollmer, M. K.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Testing & Res Empa, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Krummel, P. B.; Fraser, P. J.; Steele, L. P.; Dunse, B.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Park, S.] Kungpook Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Sangju, South Korea. [Li, S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul, South Korea. [Lunder, C.; Hermansen, O.; Schmidbauer, N.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. [Zhou, L. X.; Yao, B.] CAMS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, R. H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Manning, A. J.] UK Meteorol Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP O'Doherty, S (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol BS8 1TS, Avon, England. EM s.odoherty@bristol.co.uk RI Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 FU National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA, USA) [NNX07AE89G, NNX11AF17G, NAGW-2034, NAG5-4023]; Department of the Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) [GA0201]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, USA) [RA133R09CN0062]; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO, Australia), Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); Swiss national programme HALCLIM (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN); International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG); Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3010]; Norwegian Environment Agency; National Nature Science Foundation of China [41030107, 41205094]; NERC Advanced Fellowship [NE/I021365/1] FX We specifically acknowledge the cooperation and efforts of the station operators and support staff at all AGAGE and SOGE stations and at the NOAA American Samoa monitoring station. We also particularly thank NOAA for supplying some of the archived air samples shown, allowing us to fill important gaps. We thank the Physics Department, National University of Ireland, Galway, for making the research facilities at Mace Head available. The operation of the AGAGE stations was supported by the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA, USA) (grants NNX07AE89G and NNX11AF17G to MIT; grants NAGW-2034, NAG5-4023 to SIO); the Department of the Energy and Climate Change (DECC, UK) (contracts GA0201 to the University of Bristol); the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, USA) (contract RA133R09CN0062 in addition to the operations of American Samoa station); and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO, Australia), Bureau of Meteorology (Australia). Financial support for the Jungfraujoch measurements is acknowledged from the Swiss national programme HALCLIM (Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). Support for the Jungfraujoch station was provided by International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG). The measurements at Gosan, South Korea, are supported by the Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2012-3010. Financial support for the Zeppelin measurements is acknowledged from the Norwegian Environment Agency. Financial support for the Shangdianzi measurements is acknowledged from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (41030107, 41205094). Matt Rigby is supported by a NERC Advanced Fellowship NE/I021365/1. NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 17 BP 9249 EP 9258 DI 10.5194/acp-14-9249-2014 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QO UT WOS:000341992000026 ER PT J AU Sindelarova, K Granier, C Bouarar, I Guenther, A Tilmes, S Stavrakou, T Muller, JF Kuhn, U Stefani, P Knorr, W AF Sindelarova, K. Granier, C. Bouarar, I. Guenther, A. Tilmes, S. Stavrakou, T. Muller, J. -F. Kuhn, U. Stefani, P. Knorr, W. TI Global data set of biogenic VOC emissions calculated by the MEGAN model over the last 30 years SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; AMAZONIAN RAIN-FOREST; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; LAND-USE CHANGES; ISOPRENE EMISSION; COMPOUND EMISSIONS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; MONOTERPENE EMISSION; NORTH-AMERICA; ELEVATED CO2 AB The Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1) together with the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological fields were used to create a global emission data set of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) available on a monthly basis for the time period of 1980-2010. This data set, developed under the Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project (MACC), is called MEGAN-MACC. The model estimated mean annual total BVOC emission of 760 Tg (C) yr(-1) consisting of isoprene (70 %), monoterpenes (11 %), methanol (6 %), acetone (3 %), sesquiterpenes (2.5 %) and other BVOC species each contributing less than 2 %. Several sensitivity model runs were performed to study the impact of different model input and model settings on isoprene estimates and resulted in differences of up to +/-17% of the reference isoprene total. A greater impact was observed for a sensitivity run applying parameterization of soil moisture deficit that led to a 50% reduction of isoprene emissions on a global scale, most significantly in specific regions of Africa, South America and Australia. MEGAN-MACC estimates are comparable to results of previous studies. More detailed comparison with other isoprene inventories indicated significant spatial and temporal differences between the data sets especially for Australia, Southeast Asia and South America. MEGAN-MACC estimates of isoprene, alpha-pinene and group of monoterpenes showed a reasonable agreement with surface flux measurements at sites located in tropical forests in the Amazon and Malaysia. The model was able to capture the seasonal variation of isoprene emissions in the Amazon forest. C1 [Sindelarova, K.; Granier, C.] Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. [Sindelarova, K.; Granier, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Paris, France. [Sindelarova, K.; Granier, C.] CNRS INSU, Paris, France. [Sindelarova, K.; Granier, C.] LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Sindelarova, K.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, Dept Meteorol & Environm Protect, Prague, Czech Republic. [Granier, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Granier, C.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Granier, C.; Bouarar, I.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Guenther, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Tilmes, S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Stavrakou, T.; Muller, J. -F.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron, Brussels, Belgium. [Kuhn, U.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Biogeochem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Stefani, P.] Univ Tuscia, Dept Forest Sci & Environm, Viterbo, Italy. [Knorr, W.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys Geog & Ecosyst Sci, Lund, Sweden. RP Sindelarova, K (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. EM katerina.sindelarova@latmos.ipsl.fr RI Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Kuhn, Uwe/C-4830-2013; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; FU European Commission under EU [283576, 265148]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at PNNL; project PRODEX-A3C - Belgian Science Policy Office; project GlobEmission - ESA; Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany; National Science Foundation FX This study was funded by the European Commission under the EU Seventh Research Framework Programme, under grant agreements no. 283576 (MACC II Project) and no. 265148 (PEGASOS project). A. Guenther was supported under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at PNNL. TS and JFM were supported by projects PRODEX-A3C funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office and GlobEmission funded by ESA. MERRA data were provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. The satellite derived PAR data were provided by the University of Maryland, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Radiation Budget team (R. T. Pinker, PI). The Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia - Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment (LBA-CLAIRE-2001) was partially funded by the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is funded by the National Science Foundation. We thank A. Arneth for her advice on the manuscript and on the generation of the GUESS-ES data set, as well as the two anonymous reviewers and the editor for their constructive comments and suggestions. NR 108 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 13 U2 70 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 17 BP 9317 EP 9341 DI 10.5194/acp-14-9317-2014 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QO UT WOS:000341992000030 ER PT J AU Battle, MO Severinghaus, JP Sofen, ED Plotkin, D Orsi, AJ Aydin, M Montzka, SA Sowers, T Tans, PP AF Battle, M. O. Severinghaus, J. P. Sofen, E. D. Plotkin, D. Orsi, A. J. Aydin, M. Montzka, S. A. Sowers, T. Tans, P. P. TI Controls on the movement and composition of firn air at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (vol 11, pg 11007, 2011) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Battle, M. O.; Sofen, E. D.; Plotkin, D.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Coll Stn 8800, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Severinghaus, J. P.; Orsi, A. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Aydin, M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sowers, T.; Tans, P. P.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Battle, MO (reprint author), Bowdoin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Coll Stn 8800, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. EM mbattle@bowdoin.edu NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 18 BP 9511 EP 9511 DI 10.5194/acp-14-9511-2014 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QX UT WOS:000341993100003 ER PT J AU Maione, M Graziosi, F Arduini, J Furlani, F Giostra, U Blake, DR Bonasoni, P Fang, X Montzka, SA O'Doherty, SJ Reimann, S Stohl, A Vollmer, MK AF Maione, M. Graziosi, F. Arduini, J. Furlani, F. Giostra, U. Blake, D. R. Bonasoni, P. Fang, X. Montzka, S. A. O'Doherty, S. J. Reimann, S. Stohl, A. Vollmer, M. K. TI Estimates of European emissions of methyl chloroform using a Bayesian inversion method SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC HYDROXYL RADICALS; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; GREENHOUSE GASES; MACE HEAD; VARIABILITY; HALOCARBONS; FLEXPART; IRELAND; HISTORY AB Methyl chloroform (MCF) is a man-made chlorinated solvent contributing to the destruction of stratospheric ozone and is controlled under the "Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer" and its amendments, which called for its phase-out in 1996 in developed countries and 2015 in developing countries. Long-term, high-frequency observations of MCF carried out at three European sites show a constant decline in the background mixing ratios of MCF. However, we observe persistent non-negligible mixing ratio enhancements of MCF in pollution episodes, suggesting unexpectedly high ongoing emissions in Europe. In order to identify the source regions and to give an estimate of the magnitude of such emissions, we have used a Bayesian inversion method and a point source analysis, based on high-frequency long-term observations at the three European sites. The inversion identified southeastern France (SEF) as a region with enhanced MCF emissions. This estimate was confirmed by the point source analysis. We performed this analysis using an 11-year data set, from January 2002 to December 2012. Overall, emissions estimated for the European study domain decreased nearly exponentially from 1.1 Gg yr(-1) in 2002 to 0.32 Gg yr(-1) in 2012, of which the estimated emissions from the SEF region accounted for 0.49 Gg yr(-1) in 2002 and 0.20 Gg yr(-1) in 2012. The European estimates are a significant fraction of the total semi-hemisphere (30-90 degrees N) emissions, contributing a minimum of 9.8% in 2004 and a maximum of 33.7% in 2011, of which on average 50% are from the SEF region. On the global scale, the SEF region is thus responsible for a minimum of 2.6% (in 2003) and a maximum of 10.3% (in 2009) of the global MCF emissions. C1 [Maione, M.; Graziosi, F.; Arduini, J.; Furlani, F.; Giostra, U.] Univ Urbino, Dept Basic Sci & Fdn, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Maione, M.; Graziosi, F.; Giostra, U.] CINFAI Natl Interuniv Consortium Phys Atmosphere, Tolentino, Italy. [Maione, M.; Arduini, J.; Bonasoni, P.] CNR, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Sch Phys Sci, Irvine, CA USA. [Fang, X.] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Fang, X.; Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [O'Doherty, S. J.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Reimann, S.; Vollmer, M. K.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Maione, M (reprint author), Univ Urbino, Dept Basic Sci & Fdn, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. EM michela.maione@uniurb.it RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; 杨, 宇栋/F-6250-2012; Bonasoni, Paolo/C-6338-2015; arduini, jgor/N-2798-2016; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; Bonasoni, Paolo/0000-0002-8812-5291; arduini, jgor/0000-0002-5199-3853; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU InGOS EU FP7 Infrastructure project [284274]; University Consortium CINFAI (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Fisica delle Atmosfere e delle Idrosfere); National Research Council of Italy; Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research through Project of National Interest "Nextdata"; Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) FX Scripps Institution of Oceanography is gratefully acknowledged for providing the SIO2005 calibration scale. The InGOS EU FP7 Infrastructure project (grant agreement no. 284274) supported the observation activity. The University Consortium CINFAI (Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Fisica delle Atmosfere e delle Idrosfere) supported F. Graziosi (RITMARE Flagship Project). The "O. Vittori" station is supported by the National Research Council of Italy and the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, through the Project of National Interest "Nextdata". The measurements at Jungfraujoch are part of the Swiss National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) and the HALCLIM project and are supported by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). We also acknowledge the International Foundation "High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat" for providing excellent infrastructure. M. Maione would like to thank J. Butler for accepting her as visiting scientist during 2013 at the Global Monitoring Division of the NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) in Boulder (CO), where this paper was finalised. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 18 BP 9755 EP 9770 DI 10.5194/acp-14-9755-2014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QX UT WOS:000341993100018 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Allan, J Bahreini, R Craven, J Emmons, L Ferrare, R Hayes, PL Hodzic, A Holloway, J Hostetler, C Jimenez, JL Jonsson, H Liu, S Liu, Y Metcalf, A Middlebrook, A Nowak, J Pekour, M Perring, A Russell, L Sedlacek, A Seinfeld, J Setyan, A Shilling, J Shrivastava, M Springston, S Song, C Subramanian, R Taylor, JW Vinoj, V Yang, Q Zaveri, RA Zhang, Q AF Fast, J. D. Allan, J. Bahreini, R. Craven, J. Emmons, L. Ferrare, R. Hayes, P. L. Hodzic, A. Holloway, J. Hostetler, C. Jimenez, J. L. Jonsson, H. Liu, S. Liu, Y. Metcalf, A. Middlebrook, A. Nowak, J. Pekour, M. Perring, A. Russell, L. Sedlacek, A. Seinfeld, J. Setyan, A. Shilling, J. Shrivastava, M. Springston, S. Song, C. Subramanian, R. Taylor, J. W. Vinoj, V. Yang, Q. Zaveri, R. A. Zhang, Q. TI Modeling regional aerosol and aerosol precursor variability over California and its sensitivity to emissions and long-range transport during the 2010 CalNex and CARES campaigns SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; PM10/PM2.5 AIR-QUALITY; BASIS-SET APPROACH; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; UNITED-STATES; MEXICO-CITY; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES AB The performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting regional model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) in simulating the spatial and temporal variations in aerosol mass, composition, and size over California is quantified using the extensive meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol measurements collected during the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Experiment (CalNex) and the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) conducted during May and June of 2010. The overall objective of the field campaigns was to obtain data needed to better under-stand processes that affect both climate and air quality, including emission assessments, transport and chemical aging of aerosols, aerosol radiative effects. Simulations were performed that examined the sensitivity of aerosol concentrations to anthropogenic emissions and to long-range transport of aerosols into the domain obtained from a global model. The configuration of WRF-Chem used in this study is shown to reproduce the overall synoptic conditions, thermally driven circulations, and boundary layer structure observed in region that controls the transport and mixing of trace gases and aerosols. Reducing the default emissions inventory by 50% led to an overall improvement in many simulated trace gases and black carbon aerosol at most sites and along most aircraft flight paths; however, simulated organic aerosol was closer to observed when there were no adjustments to the primary organic aerosol emissions. We found that sulfate was better simulated over northern California whereas nitrate was better simulated over southern California. While the overall spatial and temporal variability of aerosols and their precursors were simulated reasonably well, we show cases where the local transport of some aerosol plumes were either too slow or too fast, which adversely affects the statistics quantifying the differences between observed and simulated quantities. Comparisons with lidar and in situ measurements indicate that long-range transport of aerosols from the global model was likely too high in the free troposphere even though their concentrations were relatively low. This bias led to an over-prediction in aerosol optical depth by as much as a factor of 2 that offset the under-predictions of boundary-layer extinction resulting primarily from local emissions. Lowering the boundary conditions of aerosol concentrations by 50% greatly reduced the bias in simulated aerosol optical depth for all regions of California. This study shows that quantifying regional-scale variations in aerosol radiative forcing and determining the relative role of emissions from local and distant sources is challenging during 'clean' conditions and that a wide array of measurements are needed to ensure model predictions are correct for the right reasons. In this regard, the combined CalNex and CARES data sets are an ideal test bed that can be used to evaluate aerosol models in great detail and develop improved treatments for aerosol processes. C1 [Fast, J. D.; Liu, Y.; Pekour, M.; Shilling, J.; Shrivastava, M.; Song, C.; Vinoj, V.; Yang, Q.; Zaveri, R. A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Allan, J.; Taylor, J. W.] Univ Manchester, Sch Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Bahreini, R.; Hayes, P. L.; Holloway, J.; Jimenez, J. L.; Perring, A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahreini, R.; Holloway, J.; Middlebrook, A.; Perring, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Craven, J.; Metcalf, A.; Seinfeld, J.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Emmons, L.; Hodzic, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Ferrare, R.; Hostetler, C.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Jonsson, H.] Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aerosol St, Marina, CA USA. [Liu, S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Nowak, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Russell, L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Sedlacek, A.; Springston, S.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Subramanian, R.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Setyan, A.; Zhang, Q.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnnl.gov RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Setyan, Ari/C-4025-2011; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Yang, Qing/H-3275-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Shilling, John/L-6998-2015; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Liu, Shang/F-9085-2011; Zaveri, Rahul/G-4076-2014; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Setyan, Ari/0000-0002-9078-6478; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Yang, Qing/0000-0003-2067-5999; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Shilling, John/0000-0002-3728-0195; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Liu, Shang/0000-0002-3403-8651; Zaveri, Rahul/0000-0001-9874-8807; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; Taylor, Jonathan/0000-0002-2120-186X; Vinoj, V./0000-0001-8573-6073 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Radiation Sciences and Tropospheric Chemistry program; US Department of Energy's (DOE); CARB [11-305]; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0006035]; CIRES; US NOAA's Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program [NA11OAR4310160]; Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05-76RL01830] FX We thank the numerous scientists (including R. Cohen, A. Goldstein, J. de Gouw, T. Ryerson, I. Pollack, and C. Warneke), pilots, and other staff that contributed to the data collection during CalNex and CARES. CalNex was sponsored by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Change and Air Quality programs, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Radiation Sciences and Tropospheric Chemistry program, and the California Air Resources Board. CARES was supported by the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) programs. Patrick Hayes and Jose Jimenez were partially supported by CARB 11-305 and DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0006035 and Patrick Hayes was also partially supported by a CIRES Visiting Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank Elaine Chapman for providing comments on this manuscript. Funding for this research has been provided by the US NOAA's Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program (NA11OAR4310160) and DOE's ASR program and utilized resources provided by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) Institutional Computing program. PNNL is operated for the US DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. NR 128 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 60 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 18 BP 10013 EP 10060 DI 10.5194/acp-14-10013-2014 PG 48 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AP3QX UT WOS:000341993100034 ER PT J AU Rodenbeck, C Bakker, DCE Metzl, N Olsen, A Sabine, C Cassar, N Reum, F Keeling, RF Heimann, M AF Roedenbeck, C. Bakker, D. C. E. Metzl, N. Olsen, A. Sabine, C. Cassar, N. Reum, F. Keeling, R. F. Heimann, M. TI Interannual sea-air CO2 flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CARBON-CYCLE; EL-NINO; EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIPS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NEURAL-NETWORK; TRENDS; SINK; ACIDIFICATION AB Interannual anomalies in the sea-air carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange have been estimated from surface-ocean CO2 partial pressure measurements. Available data are sufficient to constrain these anomalies in large parts of the tropical and North Pacific and in the North Atlantic, in some areas covering the period from the mid 1980s to 2011. Global interannual variability is estimated as about 0.31 Pg Cyr(-1) (temporal standard deviation 1993-2008). The tropical Pacific accounts for a large fraction of this global variability, closely tied to El Ni o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Anomalies occur more than 6 months later in the east than in the west. The estimated amplitude and ENSO response are roughly consistent with independent information from atmospheric oxygen data. This both supports the variability estimated from surface-ocean carbon data and demonstrates the potential of the atmospheric oxygen signal to constrain ocean biogeochemical processes. The ocean variability estimated from surface-ocean carbon data can be used to improve land CO2 flux estimates from atmospheric inversions. C1 [Roedenbeck, C.; Reum, F.; Heimann, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Bakker, D. C. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Metzl, N.] CNRS, LOCEAN IPSL, Paris, France. [Olsen, A.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.] Uni Res AS, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Olsen, A.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Sabine, C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Cassar, N.] Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Rodenbeck, C (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. EM christian.roedenbeck@bgc-jena.mpg.de RI Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; OI Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; Cassar, Nicolas/0000-0003-0100-3783 FU EU [264879, 283080]; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme [NE/H017046/1]; CNRS/INSU; Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research FX We would like to thank all contributors to the SOCAT database, the operators of the HOT and BATS time series stations, as well as all providers of atmospheric CO2 data, which are the basis of this work. We gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with Nick Bates, Erik Buitenhuis (who also provided the process model results), Andrew Dickson, Niki Gruber, Roberta Hamme, Steve Jones, Bob Key, Armin Kohl, Corinne Le Quere, Sara Mikaloff Fletcher, Bill Munger, Andreas Oschlies, Gilles Reverdin, Keith Rodgers, Taro Takahashi, Yasunori Tohjima, and Lisan Yu. We also thank the three anonymous referees for their interesting and helpful comments. This study was also supported through EU FP7 projects CARBOCHANGE (264879) and GeoCarbon (283080) and is a contribution to the international IMBER/SOLAS projects. D. C. E. Bakker received support from the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1). N. Metzl also thanks CNRS/INSU for supporting the SURATLANT project. A. Olsen appreciates support from the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 17 BP 4599 EP 4613 DI 10.5194/bg-11-4599-2014 PG 15 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AP5JR UT WOS:000342116000002 ER PT J AU Kurtz, NT Galin, N Studinger, M AF Kurtz, N. T. Galin, N. Studinger, M. TI An improved CryoSat-2 sea ice freeboard retrieval algorithm through the use of waveform fitting SO CRYOSPHERE LA English DT Article ID RADAR ALTIMETER; ARCTIC-OCEAN; IMPULSE-RESPONSE; ROUGH-SURFACE; AIRBORNE DATA; SNOW DEPTH; THICKNESS; COVER; FLUCTUATIONS; PENETRATION AB We develop a physical model capable of simulating the mean echo power of CryoSat-2 SAR- and SARIn-mode waveforms over sea-ice-covered regions. The model simulations are used to show the importance of variations in the radar backscatter coefficient with incidence angle and surface roughness for the retrieval of surface elevation of both sea ice floes and leads. The physical model is used to fit CryoSat-2 waveforms to enable retrieval of surface elevation through the use of lookup tables and a bounded trust region Newton least-squares fitting approach. The use of a model to fit returns from sea ice regions offers advantages over currently used threshold retracking methods, which are here shown to be sensitive to the combined effect of bandwidth-limited range resolution and surface roughness variations. Laxon et al. (2013) have compared ice thickness results from CryoSat-2 and IceBridge, and found good agreement; however consistent assumptions about the snow depth and density of sea ice were not used in the comparisons. To address this issue, we directly compare ice freeboard and thickness retrievals from the waveform-fitting and threshold tracker methods of CryoSat-2 to Operation IceBridge data using a consistent set of parameterizations. The purpose of the comparison is to highlight the physical basis between differences in the retracking methods. For three IceBridge campaign periods from March 2011 to March 2013, mean differences (CryoSat-2 -IceBridge) of 0.144 and 1.351m are found between the freeboard and thickness retrievals, respectively, using a 50% sea ice floe threshold retracker, while mean differences of 0.019 and 0.182 m are found when using the waveform-fitting method. This suggests the waveform-fitting technique is capable of better reconciling the sea ice thickness data record from laser and radar altimetry data sets through the usage of consistent physical assumptions. C1 [Kurtz, N. T.; Studinger, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Galin, N.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Galin, N.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kurtz, NT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Cryospher Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM nathan.t.kurtz@nasa.gov FU NASA's Airborne Science and Cryospheric Sciences programs FX We would like to thank the European Space Agency for processing and providing CryoSat-2 data. We would also like to thank the Operation IceBridge instrument teams and air crews for long hours in the field and at home collecting and processing the data and the National Snow and Ice Data Center for archiving and publishing the data. We wish to thank Duncan Wingham for very useful discussions on the CryoSat-2 instrument and radar theory. Lastly, we wish to thank the reviewers for their constructive feedback. This work is funded by NASA's Airborne Science and Cryospheric Sciences programs. NR 63 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1994-0416 EI 1994-0424 J9 CRYOSPHERE JI Cryosphere PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1217 EP 1237 DI 10.5194/tc-8-1217-2014 PG 21 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AO8RU UT WOS:000341622700008 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, GP Podobedov, VB AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Podobedov, V. B. BE Holst, GC Krapels, KA TI NIST traceable measurements of radiance and luminance levels of night-vision-goggle test-instruments SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XXV CY MAY 06-08, 2014 CL Baltimore, MD SP SPIE DE night vision goggle; goggle gain measurement; goggle test-set; night vision transfer standard radiometers; radiance scale transfer AB In order to perform radiance and luminance level measurements of night-vision-goggle (NVG) test instruments, NIST developed new-generation transfer-standard radiometers (TR). The new TRs can perform low-level radiance and luminance measurements with SI traceability and low uncertainty The TRs were calibrated against NIST detector/radiometer standards holding the NIST photometric and radiometric scales. An 815 nm diode laser was used at NIST for the radiance responsivity calibrations. A spectrally flat (constant) filter correction was made for the TRs to correct the spectral responsivity change of the built-in Si photodiode for LEDs peaking at different wavelengths in the different test sets. The radiance responsivity transfer to the test instruments (test-sets) is discussed. The radiance values of the test instruments were measured with the TRs. The TRs propagate the traceability to the NIST detector-based reference scales. The radiance uncertainty obtained from three TR measurements was 4.6 % (k=2) at a luminance of 3.43 x 10-4 cd/m2. The output radiance of the previously used IR sphere source and the radiance responsivity of a previously used secondary standard detector unit, which was originally calibrated against an IR sphere source, were also measured with the TRs. The performances of the NVG test instruments were evaluated and the manufacturer produced radiance and luminance levels were calibrated with SI/NIST traceability. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Podobedov, V. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.eppeldauer@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-008-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9071 AR 90710Q DI 10.1117/12.2050525 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BB2NG UT WOS:000341926000023 ER PT J AU Kulvatunyou, B Ivezic, N Lee, Y AF Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Ivezic, Nenad Lee, Yunsu TI On enhancing communication of the manufacturing service capability information using reference ontology SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE OWL; ontology encoding convention; semantic mediation; semantic enhancement; semantic enrichment; manufacturing service; service-oriented manufacturing ID ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION; INTEROPERABILITY; PATTERNS; SYSTEMS AB A manufacturing service capability (MSC) model is essential for correct communication of MSC information between dynamic supply chain (DSC) partners. MSC information elicits service details such as locations, specialisations, capacities, certifications, and software and material processing capabilities. Presently, as in the case of web portal-enabled supply chain communications, this information is communicated using models that provide limited semantic precision. These models are also proprietary to specific industry communities; hence, access to MSC information across communities is limited. This article describes deployment of the reference-ontology-based semantic mediation approach using Web Ontology Language (OWL). The mediation introduces shared semantics that enhances access to and precision of proprietary MSC models encoded in relational databases. Detailed deployment steps are discussed using a manufacturing sourcing use case. In the first step, we analyse three alternative conventions for encoding proprietary MSC models into OWL and show that the ontology-oriented encoding convention is most suitable for semantic mediation in OWL. In the deployment step, single- or multi-community deployment is possible. It is shown that the single-community deployment enables precise and greater access to MSC information within the community, while the multi-community deployment additionally enables interoperable access to MSC information across the communities. C1 [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Ivezic, Nenad; Lee, Yunsu] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kulvatunyou, B (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serm@nist.gov NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X EI 1362-3052 J9 INT J COMPUT INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1105 EP 1135 DI 10.1080/0951192X.2013.874588 PG 31 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA AP2SN UT WOS:000341925100003 ER PT J AU Butry, DT Prestemon, JP Thomas, DS AF Butry, David T. Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Thomas, Douglas S. TI Investigation of the decline in reported smoking-caused wildfires in the USA from 2000 to 2011 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WILDLAND FIRE LA English DT Article DE economics; fire-safe cigarettes; fire standard compliant; prevention; wildfire investigation; wildland-urban interface ID MISSISSIPPI AB The number of smoking-caused wildfires has been falling nationwide. In national forests in 2011, smoking-caused wildfires represented only 10% of their 1980 level. No other cause of wildfire has experienced this level of decline. For 12 states, we evaluate the rate of smoking-caused wildfires and find it is a function of weather, other ignitions, the number of adult smokers, the presence of improved wildfire cause-determination methods, and whether a state required the sale of less fire-prone cigarettes. We find the decline in adult smoking rates has led to a reduction of smoking-caused fires by 9%. The finding that less fire-prone cigarettes appear successful at limiting wildfire starts - by 23% - is a likely unintended benefit of a technology aimed at reducing fire fatalities in residences. We also find that the improvements in wildfire cause determination have resulted in a reduction in smoking-classified fires by 48%. Although improved wildfire cause-determination methods do not necessarily reduce the number of wildfires, they ensure that the causes of wildfire are accurately tracked. Accurate wildfire cause determination can, however, result in targeting wildfire-prevention programs to specific fire-cause categories, which can lead to a reduction in the overall number of wildfires. C1 [Butry, David T.; Thomas, Douglas S.] NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, Forest Econ & Policy Res, Southern Res Stn, USDA,Forestry Sci Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), NIST, Appl Econ Off, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.butry@nist.gov NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1049-8001 EI 1448-5516 J9 INT J WILDLAND FIRE JI Int. J. Wildland Fire PY 2014 VL 23 IS 6 BP 790 EP 798 DI 10.1071/WF13146 PG 9 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA AP3QL UT WOS:000341991700004 ER PT J AU Forrey, C Saylor, DM Silverstein, JS Douglas, JF Davis, EM Elabd, YA AF Forrey, Christopher Saylor, David M. Silverstein, Joshua S. Douglas, Jack F. Davis, Eric M. Elabd, Yossef A. TI Prediction and validation of diffusion coefficients in a model drug delivery system using microsecond atomistic molecular dynamics simulation and vapour sorption analysis SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ECHO NMR; SMALL-PENETRANT DIFFUSION; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; FREE-VOLUME THEORY; SELF-DIFFUSION; AMORPHOUS POLYMERS; PROBE DIFFUSION; GAS-DIFFUSION; HYDROCARBON POLYMERS; COMPUTER-SIMULATION AB Diffusion of small to medium sized molecules in polymeric medical device materials underlies a broad range of public health concerns related to unintended leaching from or uptake into implantable medical devices. However, obtaining accurate diffusion coefficients for such systems at physiological temperature represents a formidable challenge, both experimentally and computationally. While molecular dynamics simulation has been used to accurately predict the diffusion coefficients, D, of a handful of gases in various polymers, this success has not been extended to molecules larger than gases, e.g., condensable vapours, liquids, and drugs. We present atomistic molecular dynamics simulation predictions of diffusion in a model drug eluting system that represent a dramatic improvement in accuracy compared to previous simulation predictions for comparable systems. We find that, for simulations of insufficient duration, sub-diffusive dynamics can lead to dramatic over-prediction of D. We present useful metrics for monitoring the extent of sub-diffusive dynamics and explore how these metrics correlate to error in D. We also identify a relationship between diffusion and fast dynamics in our system, which may serve as a means to more rapidly predict diffusion in slowly diffusing systems. Our work provides important precedent and essential insights for utilizing atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to predict diffusion coefficients of small to medium sized molecules in condensed soft matter systems. C1 [Forrey, Christopher; Saylor, David M.; Silverstein, Joshua S.] US FDA, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.; Davis, Eric M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Elabd, Yossef A.] Drexel Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Forrey, C (reprint author), US FDA, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. EM christopher.forrey@fda.hhs.gov RI Elabd, Yossef/G-9866-2014 OI Elabd, Yossef/0000-0002-7790-9445 FU National Science Foundation through the NSF/FDA Scholar-in-Residence Program at the FDA [CBET-1041361] FX Simulations were made possible by access to high performance computational facilities through both the Division of Imaging and Applied Mathematics (DIAM) and the Division of Electrical and So. ware Engineering (DESE) at the FDA. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation (CBET-1041361) through the NSF/FDA Scholar-in-Residence Program at the FDA that provided support for E. M. Davis and Y. A. Elabd. NR 99 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 6 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 38 BP 7480 EP 7494 DI 10.1039/c4sm01297f PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AP4VS UT WOS:000342077900006 PM 25115846 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Williams, DF Hale, PD Chih-Ming-Wang Jargon, JA Park, Y AF Remley, Kate A. Williams, Dylan F. Hale, Paul D. Chih-Ming-Wang Jargon, Jeffrey A. Park, Youngcheol GP IEEE TI Calibrated Oscilloscope Measurements for System-Level Characterization of Weakly Nonlinear Sources SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATED NONLINEAR MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETRE-WAVE CIRCUITS (INMMIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Circuits (INMMiC) CY APR 02-04, 2014 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, European Microwave Assoc, Gallium Arsenide Applicat Symposium Assoc, Adv Modeling Comp Aided Design Engn, BSW Testsystems & Consulting, Anteverta Microwave, Maury Microwave, Mesuro, Rohde & Schwarz DE Digitally modulated signals; nonlinear measurements; oscilloscope; wireless system ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES; COMPENSATION AB We present a technique to characterize and correct for linear and weakly nonlinear distortion introduced by the nonideal response of a wideband, high-frequency modulated-signal source. The magnitude and phase relationships between frequency components in a measured modulated signal are maintained by use of a calibrated equivalent-time sampling oscilloscope. The nonidealities of the oscilloscope and other components of the measurement system are corrected during post processing. Determination of the uncertainties in the measurement allows a user to identify magnitude and phase distortion in the generated waveform. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Williams, Dylan F.; Hale, Paul D.; Chih-Ming-Wang; Jargon, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Park, Youngcheol] Hankuk Univ Foreign Studies, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3454-6 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB2CY UT WOS:000341684200008 ER PT J AU Williams, DF AF Williams, Dylan F. GP IEEE TI A Prescription for THz Transistor Characterization SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON INTEGRATED NONLINEAR MICROWAVE AND MILLIMETRE-WAVE CIRCUITS (INMMIC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Integrated Nonlinear Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Circuits (INMMiC) CY APR 02-04, 2014 CL Leuven, BELGIUM SP IEEE Microwave Theory & Tech Soc, European Microwave Assoc, Gallium Arsenide Applicat Symposium Assoc, Adv Modeling Comp Aided Design Engn, BSW Testsystems & Consulting, Anteverta Microwave, Maury Microwave, Mesuro, Rohde & Schwarz C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3454-6 PY 2014 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BB2CY UT WOS:000341684200046 ER PT J AU Chai, T Draxler, RR AF Chai, T. Draxler, R. R. TI Root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE)? - Arguments against avoiding RMSE in the literature SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article AB Both the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) are regularly employed in model evaluation studies. Willmott and Matsuura (2005) have suggested that the RMSE is not a good indicator of average model performance and might be a misleading indicator of average error, and thus the MAE would be a better metric for that purpose. While some concerns over using RMSE raised by Willmott and Matsuura (2005) and Willmott et al. (2009) are valid, the proposed avoidance of RMSE in favor of MAE is not the solution. Citing the aforementioned papers, many researchers chose MAE over RMSE to present their model evaluation statistics when presenting or adding the RMSE measures could be more beneficial. In this technical note, we demonstrate that the RMSE is not ambiguous in its meaning, contrary to what was claimed by Willmott et al. (2009). The RMSE is more appropriate to represent model performance than the MAE when the error distribution is expected to be Gaussian. In addition, we show that the RMSE satisfies the triangle inequality requirement for a distance metric, whereas Willmott et al. (2009) indicated that the sums-of-squares-based statistics do not satisfy this rule. In the end, we discussed some circumstances where using the RMSE will be more beneficial. However, we do not contend that the RMSE is superior over the MAE. Instead, a combination of metrics, including but certainly not limited to RMSEs and MAEs, are often required to assess model performance. C1 [Chai, T.; Draxler, R. R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Chai, T.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Chai, T (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tianfeng.chai@noaa.gov RI Chai, Tianfeng/E-5577-2010 OI Chai, Tianfeng/0000-0003-3520-2641 FU NOAA at the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory [NA09NES4400006]; University of Maryland FX This study was supported by NOAA grant NA09NES4400006 (Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites - CICS) at the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory in collaboration with the University of Maryland. NR 12 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 4 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 1247 EP 1250 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-1247-2014 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO8JH UT WOS:000341600100030 ER PT J AU Pagowski, M Liu, Z Grell, GA Hu, M Lin, HC Schwartz, CS AF Pagowski, M. Liu, Z. Grell, G. A. Hu, M. Lin, H. -C. Schwartz, C. S. TI Implementation of aerosol assimilation in Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (v. 3.2) and WRF-Chem (v. 3.4.1) SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; CHEMISTRY DATA ASSIMILATION; ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; MODEL; OZONE; COVARIANCES; SYSTEM; RETRIEVALS AB Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) is an assimilation tool that is used at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in operational weather forecasting in the USA. In this article, we describe implementation of an extension to the GSI for assimilating surface measurements of PM2.5, PM10, and MODIS aerosol optical depth at 550 nm with WRF-Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry). We also present illustrative results. In the past, the aerosol assimilation system has been employed to issue daily PM2.5 forecasts at NOAA/ESRL (Earth System Research Laboratory) and, we believe, it is well tested and mature enough to be made available for wider use. We provide a package that, in addition to augmented GSI, consists of software for calculating background error covariance statistics and for converting in situ and satellite data to BUFR (Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data) format, and sample input files for an assimilation exercise. Thanks to flexibility in the GSI and coupled meteorology-chemistry of WRF-Chem, assimilating aerosol observations can be carried out simultaneously with meteorological data assimilation. Both GSI and WRF-Chem are well documented with user guides available online. This article is primarily intended to be a technical note on the implementation of the aerosol assimilation. Its purpose is also to provide guidance for prospective users of the computer code. Scientific aspects of aerosol assimilation are also briefly discussed. C1 [Pagowski, M.; Grell, G. A.; Hu, M.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Liu, Z.; Lin, H. -C.; Schwartz, C. S.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Pagowski, M (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM mariusz.pagowski@noaa.gov RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015; pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; Hu, Ming/E-7141-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; FU US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program; US Air Force Weather Agency FX This work has been supported by the US Weather Research Program within the NOAA/OAR Office of Weather and Air Quality, NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program, and US Air Force Weather Agency. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1621 EP 1627 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-1621-2014 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO8KS UT WOS:000341603900022 ER PT J AU Wang, H Huang, XY Xu, D Liu, J AF Wang, H. Huang, X-Y. Xu, D. Liu, J. TI A scale-dependent blending scheme for WRFDA: impact on regional weather forecasting SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; MODEL; INITIALIZATION; PREDICTION; FILTERS AB Due to limitation of the domain size and limited observations used in regional data assimilation and forecasting systems, regional forecasts suffer a general deficiency in effectively representing large-scale features such as those in global analyses and forecasts. In this paper, a scale-dependent blending scheme using a low-pass Raymond tangent implicit filter was implemented in the Data Assimilation system of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRFDA) to reintroduce large-scale weather features from global model analysis into the WRFDA analysis. The impact of the blending method on regional forecasts was assessed by conducting full cycle data assimilation and forecasting experiments for a 2-week-long period in September 2012. It is found that there are obvious large-scale forecast errors in the regional WRFDA system running in full cycle mode without the blending scheme. The scale-dependent blending scheme can efficiently reintroduce the large-scale information from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Global Forecast System (GFS) analyses, and keep small-scale information from WRF analyses. The blending scheme is shown to reduce analysis and forecasting error of wind, temperature and humidity up to 24 h compared to the full cycle experiments without blending. It is also shown to increase precipitation prediction skills in the first 6 h forecasts. C1 [Wang, H.; Huang, X-Y.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Wang, H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wang, H.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Xu, D.; Liu, J.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM hongli.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hongli/C-4579-2012 OI Wang, Hongli/0000-0003-0855-6743 FU National Science Foundation FX The authors thank X. Yang at DMI for constructive discussions. The authors also thank J. Osborn at NOAA for providing editorial support for this manuscript. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 1819 EP 1828 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-1819-2014 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AO8KS UT WOS:000341603900033 ER PT B AU Petersen, EJ AF Petersen, E. J. BE Njuguna, J Pielichowski, K Zhu, H TI Ecotoxicological effects of carbon nanotubes: test methods and current research SO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY OF NANOMATERIALS: POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES AND OTHER MATERIALS CONTAINING NANOPARTICLES SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Composites Science and Engineering LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE multi-wall carbon nanotubes; single-wall carbon nanotubes; nanotoxicology; carbon nanoparticles ID POLYETHYLENEIMINE-MEDIATED FUNCTIONALIZATION; NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENCE; NATURAL ORGANIC-MATTER; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; DAPHNIA-MAGNA; TOXICITY; WATER; SUSPENSION; CELLS AB Carbon nanotubes are an important class of nanomaterials with a broad range of potential commercial applications. One limitation to the commercialization of these products is the lack of a thorough understanding of the potential risks they may pose in the environment after their inadvertent or intentional release into ecosystems. The focus of this chapter is on the potential ecotoxicological risks of carbon nanotubes. Topics discussed in this chapter include quantification of carbon nanotubes in environmentally relevant media, methodological issues for ecotoxicity testing, important trends in the results obtained to date, and potential topics for future research. C1 NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 227,Room B222, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov NR 83 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-85709-667-8; 978-0-85709-655-5 J9 WOODH PUB S COMPOS S PY 2014 IS 49 BP 175 EP 199 DI 10.1533/9780857096678.3.175 PG 25 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Composites; Toxicology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Toxicology GA BB2CK UT WOS:000341643900010 ER PT J AU Wohlleben, W Vilar, G Fernandez-Rosas, E Gonzalez-Galvez, D Gabriel, C Hirth, S Frechen, T Stanley, D Gorham, J Sung, LP Hsueh, HC Chuang, YF Nguyen, T Vazquez-Campos, S AF Wohlleben, Wendel Vilar, Gemma Fernandez-Rosas, Elisabet Gonzalez-Galvez, David Gabriel, Claus Hirth, Sabine Frechen, Thomas Stanley, Deborah Gorham, Justin Sung, Li-Piin Hsueh, Hsiang-Chun Chuang, Yu-Fan Tinh Nguyen Vazquez-Campos, Socorro TI A pilot interlaboratory comparison of protocols that simulate aging of nanocomposites and detect released fragments SO ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dry aging; lifecycle; nanosilica; polyamide; release; wet aging ID ALIPHATIC POLYAMIDES; CARBON NANOTUBES; SCENARIOS; NANOMATERIALS; IRRADIATION; DEGRADATION; COMPOSITES AB The safe use of nanoparticles as fillers in nanocomposite materials depends, in part, on a good understanding of what is released from aging nanocomposites, and at which rate. Here we investigated the critical parameters of the nanoparticle release phenomenon by a pilot inter-laboratory study of a polyamide containing 4 mass % of silica nanoparticles (nanosilica). The main focus is on the validity range of the aging and release protocols. Both induced release by mechanical shear after dry weathering at different UV intensities and spontaneous release during wet weathering were investigated. We propose a combined protocol based on the finding that the characteristics of released fragments - which are the essential input for fate, transport and (eco-)toxicological testing - were reproducible between laboratories and between different aging, sampling and analysis protocols: the released fragments were a polydisperse mixture of predominantly composite fragments from the nanometre up to several micrometre diameter, and of clustered or individual nanosilica unbound to polymer. The unbound fraction was microscopically observed but could not be quantified. We found that aging conditions are very critical for the release rates, not for release characteristics. The sampling protocol tolerates some differences. Simplified aging + immersion protocols can at least partially replace, complement and extend dedicated weathering apparatus with run-off collection. C1 [Wohlleben, Wendel; Hirth, Sabine; Frechen, Thomas] BASF SE, Adv Mat & Syst Res, Dept Mat Phys, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Vilar, Gemma; Fernandez-Rosas, Elisabet; Gonzalez-Galvez, David; Vazquez-Campos, Socorro] LEITAT Technol Ctr, E-08225 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain. [Gabriel, Claus] BASF SE, Adv Mat & Syst Res, Dept Struct Mat, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. [Stanley, Deborah; Gorham, Justin; Sung, Li-Piin; Hsueh, Hsiang-Chun; Chuang, Yu-Fan; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wohlleben, W (reprint author), BASF SE, Adv Mat & Syst Res, Dept Mat Phys, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany. EM wendel.wohlleben@basf.com; tinh.nguyen@nist.gov; svazquez@leitat.org OI Gonzalez-Galvez, David/0000-0002-0044-4344; Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X FU BMBF [Forderkennzeichen 03X0105B] FX This work was partially supported by BMBF project nanoGEM (Forderkennzeichen 03X0105B). We gratefully acknowledge the excellent laboratory support by Klaus Vilsmeier and editorial support by Mael Boland. NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 18 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1448-2517 EI 1449-8979 J9 ENVIRON CHEM JI Environ. Chem. PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 BP 402 EP 418 DI 10.1071/EN14072 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AO5JK UT WOS:000341380400006 ER PT J AU Mani, M Madan, J Lee, JH Lyons, KW Gupta, SK AF Mani, Mahesh Madan, Jatinder Lee, Jae Hyun Lyons, Kevin W. Gupta, S. K. TI Sustainability characterisation for manufacturing processes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sustainability characterisation; performance measurement; unit manufacturing processes; performance indicators; measurement science; knowledge management ID ENERGY AB Manufacturing industries lack the measurement science and the needed information base to measure and effectively compare environmental performances of manufacturing processes, across resources and associated services with respect to sustainability. The current use of ad hoc methods and tools to assess and describe sustainability of manufactured products does not necessarily account for manufacturing processes explicitly, and hence results in inaccurate and ambiguous comparisons. Such comparisons do not proactively contribute to sustainability improvement. Further, we identified that there are no formal methods for acquiring and exchanging information that help establish a consolidated sustainability information base. Our ultimate goal is to develop the needed measurement science and methodology to evaluate sustainability of fundamental manufacturing processes to ensure reliable and consistent comparisons. As a precursor, based on a literature study, this paper identifies the required elements to evaluate sustainability performance for manufacturing with a focus on the environmental impact. Societal and economic impacts, although equally important, are beyond the scope of discussion in this paper. In this paper, we first discuss identified manufacturing process classifications, sustainable manufacturing indicators and computable metrics, relevant information models and software tools, a conceptual model for sustainability characterisation, and finally, conclude with an overview of the future research directions. C1 [Mani, Mahesh; Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Madan, Jatinder; Lee, Jae Hyun; Lyons, Kevin W.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Madan, Jatinder] St Longowal Inst Engn & Technol, Longowal, India. [Lee, Jae Hyun] Daegu Univ, Dept Ind & Management Engn, Gyongsan, South Korea. [Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Mani, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mmani@umd.edu NR 60 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 EI 1366-588X J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PY 2014 VL 52 IS 20 BP 5895 EP 5912 DI 10.1080/00207543.2014.886788 PG 18 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA AO8BF UT WOS:000341576600001 ER PT J AU Wilbanks, L Kuhn, R Chou, W AF Wilbanks, Linda Kuhn, Rick Chou, Wes TI IT Risks INTRODUCTION SO IT PROFESSIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Wilbanks, Linda] US Dept Educ, Washington, DC 20202 USA. [Kuhn, Rick] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Chou, Wes] US Dept Def, Arlington, VA USA. RP Wilbanks, L (reprint author), US Dept Educ, Washington, DC 20202 USA. EM linda.wilbanks@ed.gov; kuhn@nist.gov; wes_chou@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1520-9202 EI 1941-045X J9 IT PROF JI IT Prof. PD JAN-FEB PY 2014 VL 16 IS 1 BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA AO7XX UT WOS:000341567300007 ER PT J AU Whitfield, PE Munoz, RC Buckel, CA Degan, BP Freshwater, DW Hare, JA AF Whitfield, Paula E. Munoz, Roldan C. Buckel, Christine A. Degan, Brian P. Freshwater, D. Wilson Hare, Jonathan A. TI Native fish community structure and Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterois volitans densities along a depth-temperature gradient in Onslow Bay, North Carolina, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Lionfish; Pterois volitans; Conspicuous fish; Cryptic fish; Winter mean temperature; Depth; North Carolina; Hard bottom habitat; Climate change ID UNDERWATER VISUAL CENSUS; SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; CORAL-REEF FISHES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; UNITED-STATES; THERMAL TOLERANCE; INVASIVE LIONFISH; MARINE FISHES AB We quantified native fish densities along a depth-temperature gradient within a temperate-tropical marine transition zone (North Carolina continental shelf) to examine the role of depth and temperature in structuring these communities. We also examined the distribution of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans, P. miles) to evaluate a laboratory-derived thermal minimum for lionfish. We collected year-round continuous bottom water temperature data from 2000 to 2010 and surveyed lionfish (2004 to 2010), conspicuous fishes (2006 to 2010) and cryptic smaller-bodied fishes (2007 to 2010) at depths from 5 to 46 m using SCUBA. Bottom water temperatures were constant across the depth gradient during summer and increased from inshore to offshore during winter. The conspicuous fish community was structured by 3 depth zones, 5-14, 15-37 and 38-46 m, that corresponded with winter mean temperatures of 13.9, 17.9 and 20.9 degrees C, respectively. The cryptic fish community was structured by 4 depth zones, 5-15, 18-24, 27-38.5 and 39.5-46 m, with corresponding winter mean bottom temperatures of 13.8, 15.6, 18.7 and 20.9 degrees C. In contrast, summer temperatures were not important in structuring either the conspicuous or the cryptic fish community. Thus, fish communities in the spring/summer appear to be structured by the pattern of bottom water temperature experienced the previous winter, supporting previous studies that indicate winter minimum temperature is important for determining fish distribution and abundance in temperate marine ecosystems. In addition, the deeper fish communities were dominated by tropical species. Lionfish, a tropical species, was found in the highest densities from 38 to 46 m and present in locations with a winter mean of 15.3 degrees C and higher. Increasing temperatures could favor a potential expansion of invasive lionfish and native tropical species into the nearshore waters on the North Carolina shelf, resulting in unforeseen community structure and trophic disruptions. C1 [Whitfield, Paula E.; Buckel, Christine A.; Degan, Brian P.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Munoz, Roldan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Freshwater, D. Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Narragansett Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Whitfield, PE (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NCCOS, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM paula.whitfield@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Undersea Research Program; Invasive Species Program; NCCOS and the Center for Fisheries and Habitat Research in Beaufort, North Carolina FX This project spanned 7 yr and was funded by several sources including NOAA's Undersea Research Program, Invasive Species Program and NCCOS and the Center for Fisheries and Habitat Research in Beaufort, North Carolina. We especially thank with great appreciation Doug Kesling (National Undersea Research Center-University of North Carolina Wilmington [NURC-UNCW], Cooperative Institute for Ocean Exploration, Research and Technology [CIOERT]) and the many other technical and safety divers and boat captains that shared their time and energy with us, including Casey Coy, Jay Styron, Joe Hoyt, Jenny Vander Pluym, Jennifer Dorton, Lauren Heesemann, Brad Teer, Brett Harrision, Abigail Poray, John Hackney, Shay Viehman, Roger Mays, Brandon Puckett, Jitka Hyniova, Thomas Nassif, Thor Dunmire, Kathryn O' Shaughnessy, Captain Dan Aspenliter, Clem Shemanski, Ken Johns, Lance Horn, Tom Potts and Mike Winfield. We also thank Captain George Purifoy Jr. for deploying and retrieving temperature sensors for many years across Onslow Bay. We also thank Captain Robert Purifoy, Captain Bobby Edwards, Captain Woo Woo Harker and Captain Terrell Gould. We thank Mike Lacroix and Gary Fisher for providing technical assistance and Thomas Nassif for being the best Teacher at Sea ever. The NOAA ship 'Nancy Foster' and her crew is gratefully acknowledged and thanked. Dr. Richard Ehrenkaufer (also known as Dr. Bogus) is also thanked for his generous donation of Bogue Pier water temperature data. We also thank Patti Marraro and Mark Fonseca. The manuscript was improved significantly by reviewers Nate Bachelor, Christina Schobernd, Todd Kellison, Don Field, B. William Gottholm and Alex Chester, as well as 1 anonymous reviewer and Joel Fodrie. Finally, this research would not have been possible without the advanced technical diving programs of CIOERT and the now-defunct NURC-UNCW technical dive training program; we gratefully acknowledge their help in making this research happen. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 26 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 509 BP 241 EP + DI 10.3354/meps10882 PG 24 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AO7YW UT WOS:000341570100019 ER PT J AU Brame, AB McIvor, CC Peebles, EB Hollander, DJ AF Brame, Adam B. McIvor, Carole C. Peebles, Ernst B. Hollander, David J. TI Site fidelity and condition metrics suggest sequential habitat use by juvenile common snook SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Centropomus undecimalis; Habitat complexity; Mesohabitat; Nursery habitat; Stable isotopes; Tidal creek; Estuarine pond; Ontogenetic shifts; Landscape ecology ID ESTUARINE FOOD WEBS; STABLE-ISOTOPE; CENTROPOMUS-UNDECIMALIS; MARINE NURSERIES; LIFE-HISTORY; SALT-MARSH; FISH; FLORIDA; RIVER; CONNECTIVITY AB The common snook Centropomus undecimalis is an estuarine-dependent fish that relies on landward wetlands as nursery habitat. Despite its economic importance, portions of the snook's early life history are poorly understood. We compared habitat use of young-of-the-year (YOY) snook in 2 geomorphic mesohabitats (tidal pond and tidal creek) along an estuarine gradient (upstream vs. downstream) within a single wetland during fall recruitment. We used abundance, length, condition indices, and stable isotopes to assess ontogenetic mesohabitat use and site fidelity. We found that (1) YOY snook were more abundant within the upstream creek and ponds; (2) the smallest snook were found only in ponds; (3) snook from ponds had lower condition (Fulton's K and hepatosomatic index); (4) snook began moving from ponds to the creek at similar to 40 mm standard length; and (5) snook from the 2 mesohabitats were isotopically distinct, indicating high site fidelity at rather small spatial scales. Collectively, these data identified sequential use of mesohabitats, wherein seaward-spawned YOY snook moved landward and recruited to pond habitats, where they dedicated energy to growth (as length) before making an ontogenetic habitat shift to the creek. Once in the creek, YOY snook condition improved as they approached maturity and started the downstream return towards seaward locations. The wetland network that was previously viewed as generalized nursery habitat instead consists of mesohabitats that support different life stages in sequence. This represents ontogenetic habitat complementation, in which lower availability of a required mesohabitat type may limit the entire wetland's contribution to the adult population. C1 [Brame, Adam B.; Peebles, Ernst B.; Hollander, David J.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McIvor, Carole C.] US Geol Survey, Southeast Ecol Sci Ctr, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Brame, AB (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, 263 13th Ave South, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM adam.brame@noaa.gov FU United States Geological Survey (USGS); USF-USGS FX We thank the United States Geological Survey (USGS) for providing funding and logistic support. Terra Ceia Aquatic Preserve manager Randy Runnels granted access to the study area and provided on-site support. We also thank those USGS employees and volunteers who assisted with field collections over 2 yr of sampling, including Justin Krebs, Noah Hansen, Noah Silverman, Travis Richards, and Ann Tihansky. We acknowledge Betsy Boyton for help in preparing our figures and Philip Stevens for his insightful review, which led to a stronger manuscript. This manuscript constitutes partial fulfillment of the requirements for A.B.B.'s Master's degree at the University of South Florida (USF), College of Marine Science, which supported the research through a joint USF-USGS graduate assistantship. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 67 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 509 BP 255 EP 269 DI 10.3354/meps10902 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AO7YW UT WOS:000341570100020 ER PT B AU Butler, JM AF Butler, John M. BA Gill, P BF Gill, P TI Definitions: Contamination and Interpretation SO MISLEADING DNA EVIDENCE: REASONS FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-417220-3; 978-0-12-417214-2 PY 2014 BP 1 EP 20 PG 20 WC Law; Medicine, Legal SC Government & Law; Legal Medicine GA BB1VU UT WOS:000341415600003 ER PT B AU Butler, JM AF Butler, John M. BA Gill, P BF Gill, P TI Misleading DNA Evidence: Reasons for Miscarriages of Justice FOREWORD SO MISLEADING DNA EVIDENCE: REASONS FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-417220-3; 978-0-12-417214-2 PY 2014 BP XI EP XII PG 2 WC Law; Medicine, Legal SC Government & Law; Legal Medicine GA BB1VU UT WOS:000341415600001 ER PT B AU Butler, JM AF Butler, John M. BA Gill, P BF Gill, P TI Misleading DNA Evidence: Reasons for Miscarriages of Justice PREFACE SO MISLEADING DNA EVIDENCE: REASONS FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-417220-3; 978-0-12-417214-2 PY 2014 BP XIII EP + PG 8 WC Law; Medicine, Legal SC Government & Law; Legal Medicine GA BB1VU UT WOS:000341415600002 ER PT B AU Butler, JM AF Butler, John M. BA Gill, P BF Gill, P TI A Deep Analysis of the Basic Causes of Interpretation Errors SO MISLEADING DNA EVIDENCE: REASONS FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-417220-3; 978-0-12-417214-2 PY 2014 BP 21 EP 65 PG 45 WC Law; Medicine, Legal SC Government & Law; Legal Medicine GA BB1VU UT WOS:000341415600004 ER PT B AU Butler, JM AF Butler, John M. BA Gill, P BF Gill, P TI A Framework to Interpret "Trace-DNA" Evidence Transfer SO MISLEADING DNA EVIDENCE: REASONS FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-417220-3; 978-0-12-417214-2 PY 2014 BP 67 EP 80 PG 14 WC Law; Medicine, Legal SC Government & Law; Legal Medicine GA BB1VU UT WOS:000341415600005 ER PT B AU Butler, JM AF Butler, John M. BA Gill, P BF Gill, P TI National DNA Databases, Strength of Evidence and Error Rates SO MISLEADING DNA EVIDENCE: REASONS FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-417220-3; 978-0-12-417214-2 PY 2014 BP 81 EP 129 PG 49 WC Law; Medicine, Legal SC Government & Law; Legal Medicine GA BB1VU UT WOS:000341415600006 ER PT B AU Butler, JM AF Butler, John M. BA Gill, P BF Gill, P TI Concluding Remarks: Illustrated by the Case of the Death of Meridith Kercher SO MISLEADING DNA EVIDENCE: REASONS FOR MISCARRIAGES OF JUSTICE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL ROAD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND BN 978-0-12-417220-3; 978-0-12-417214-2 PY 2014 BP 131 EP 158 PG 28 WC Law; Medicine, Legal SC Government & Law; Legal Medicine GA BB1VU UT WOS:000341415600007 ER PT J AU Ko, SH Vargas-Lara, F Patrone, PN Stavis, SM Starr, FW Douglas, JF Liddle, JA AF Ko, Seung Hyeon Vargas-Lara, Fernando Patrone, Paul N. Stavis, Samuel M. Starr, Francis W. Douglas, Jack F. Liddle, J. Alexander TI High-speed, high-purity separation of gold nanoparticle-DNA origami constructs using centrifugation SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; CARBON NANOTUBES; ANALYTICAL ULTRACENTRIFUGATION; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; NANOSCALE SHAPES; NANOSTRUCTURES; ADSORPTION; LENGTH; OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; DYNAMICS AB DNA origami is a powerful platform for assembling gold nanoparticle constructs, an important class of nanostructure with numerous applications. Such constructs are assembled by the association of complementary DNA oligomers. These association reactions have yields of <100%, requiring the development of methods to purify the desired product. We study the performance of centrifugation as a separation approach by combining optical and hydrodynamic measurements and computations. We demonstrate that bench-top microcentrifugation is a simple and efficient method of separating the reaction products, readily achieving purities of >90%. The gold nanoparticles play a number of critical roles in our system, functioning not only as integral components of the purified products, but also as hydrodynamic separators and optical indicators of the reaction products during the purification process. We find that separation resolution is ultimately limited by the polydispersity in the mass of the gold nanoparticles and by structural distortions of DNA origami induced by the gold nanoparticles. Our study establishes a methodology for determining the design rules for nanomanufacturing DNA origami-nanoparticle constructs. C1 [Ko, Seung Hyeon; Patrone, Paul N.; Stavis, Samuel M.; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ko, Seung Hyeon] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vargas-Lara, Fernando; Starr, Francis W.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; NSF MRSEC [DMR 05-20471]; Condensed Matter Theory Center; NSF at the University of Maryland [DMS0847587] FX Dr S. H. Ko acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Dr P. N. Patrone was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award no. 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland, with ancillary support from the NSF MRSEC under Grant no. DMR 05-20471, as well as the Condensed Matter Theory Center. Dr P. N. Patrone's research was also supported by NSF DMS0847587 at the University of Maryland. The authors are grateful to Dr V. A. Hackley and T. J. Cho for allowing us to use the DLS and helpful discussions. The authors thank Dr J. Schumacher for help with SEM imaging and also thank Dr J. Fagan for help with viscosity and density measurements. The authors also thank Dr V. Szalai for many helpful discussions. NR 60 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 5 U2 58 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 37 BP 7370 EP 7378 DI 10.1039/c4sm01071j PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AO6JK UT WOS:000341456600024 PM 25080973 ER PT J AU Lei, H Wang, JXL AF Lei, H. Wang, J. X. L. TI Observed characteristics of dust storm events over the western United States using meteorological, satellite, and air quality measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; AERONET MEASUREMENTS; SOURCE REGIONS; MINERAL DUST; MODIS; IMPACT; MODEL AB To improve dust storm identification over the western United States, historical dust events measured by air quality and satellite observations are analyzed based on their characteristics in data sets of regular meteorology, satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD), and air quality measurements. Based on the prevailing weather conditions associated with dust emission, dust storm events are classified into the following four typical types: (1) The key feature of cold front-induced dust storms is their rapid process with strong dust emissions. (2) Events caused by meso- to small-scale weather systems have the highest levels of emissions. (3) Dust storms caused by tropical disturbances show a stronger air concentration of dust and last longer than those in (1) and (2). (4) Dust storms triggered by cyclogenesis last the longest. In this paper, sample events of each type are selected and examined to explore characteristics observed from in situ and remote-sensing measurements. These characteristics include the lasting period, surface wind speeds, areas affected, average loading on ground-based optical and/or air quality measurements, peak loading on ground-based optical and/or air quality measurements, and loading on satellite-based aerosol optical depth. Based on these analyses, we compare the characteristics of the same dust events captured in different data sets in order to define the dust identification criteria. The analyses show that the variability in mass concentrations captured by in situ measurements is consistent with the variability in AOD from stationary and satellite observations. Our analyses also find that different data sets are capable of identifying certain common characteristics, while each data set also provides specific information about a dust storm event. For example, the meteorological data are good at identifying the lasting period and area impacted by a dust event; the ground-based air quality and optical measurements can capture the peak strength well; aerosol optical depth (AOD) from satellite data sets allows us to better identify dust-storm-affected areas and the spatial extent of dust. The current study also indicates that the combination of in situ and satellite observations is a better method to fill gaps in dust storm recordings. RP Wang, JXL (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resource Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hang.lei@noaa.gov; julian.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 FU NASA National Climate Indicator Project [12-INCA12-0056] FX This series of studies is supported by NASA National Climate Indicator Project (12-INCA12-0056). We appreciate further discussions of U.S. dust storms with Daniel Tong, Paul Ginoux, and Thomas Gill. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 15 BP 7847 EP 7857 DI 10.5194/acp-14-7847-2014 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO1VN UT WOS:000341103600012 ER PT J AU Keene, WC Moody, JL Galloway, JN Prospero, JM Cooper, OR Eckhardt, S Maben, JR AF Keene, W. C. Moody, J. L. Galloway, J. N. Prospero, J. M. Cooper, O. R. Eckhardt, S. Maben, J. R. TI Long-term trends in aerosol and precipitation composition over the western North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; SEA-SALT SULFATE; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; PARTICULATE SULFATE; OPTICAL DEPTH; UNITED-STATES; TRANSPORT; SULFUR; AIR AB Since the 1980s, emissions of SO2 and NOX (NO+NO2) from anthropogenic sources in the United States (US), Canada, and Europe have decreased significantly suggesting that the export of oxidized S and N compounds from surrounding continents to the atmosphere overlying the North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) has also decreased. The chemical compositions of aerosols and precipitation sampled daily on Bermuda (32.27 degrees N, 64.87 degrees W) from 1989 to 1997 and from 2006 to 2009 were evaluated to quantify the magnitudes, significance, and implications of associated tends in atmospheric composition. The chemical data were stratified based on FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle dispersion model) retroplumes into four discrete transport regimes: westerly flow from eastern North America (NEUS/SEUS); easterly trade-wind flow from northern Africa and the subtropical NAO (Africa); long, open-ocean, anticyclonic flow around the Bermuda High (Oceanic); and transitional flow from the relatively clean open ocean to the polluted eastern North America (North). Based on all data, annual average concentrations of non-sea-salt (nss) SO42- associated with aerosols and annual volume-weighted-average (VWA) concentrations in precipitation decreased significantly (by 22% and 49 %, respectively) whereas annual VWA concentrations of NH4+ in precipitation increased significantly (by 70 %). Corresponding trends in aerosol and precipitation NO3- and of aerosol NH4+ were insignificant. Nss SO42- in precipitation under NEUS/SEUS and Oceanic flow decreased significantly (61% each) whereas corresponding trends in particulate nss SO42- under both flow regimes were insignificant. Trends in precipitation composition were driven in part by decreasing emissions of SO2 over upwind continents and associated decreases in anthropogenic contributions to nss SO42- concentrations. Under NEUS/SEUS and Oceanic flow, the ratio of anthropogenic to biogenic contributions to nss SO42- in the column scavenged by precipitation were relatively greater than those in near surface aerosol, which implies that, for these flow regimes, precipitation is a better indicator of overall anthropogenic impacts on the lower troposphere. Particulate nss SO42- under African flow also decreased significantly (34 %) whereas the corresponding decrease in nss SO42- associated with precipitation was insignificant. We infer that these trends were driven in part by reductions in the emissions and transport of oxidized S compounds from Europe. The lack of significant trends in NO3- associated with aerosols and precipitation under NEUS/SEUS flow is notable in light of the large decrease (37 %) in NOX emissions in the US and Canada over the period of record. Rapid chemical processing of oxidized N in marine air contributed to this lack of correspondence. Decreasing ratios of nss SO42- to NH4+ and the significant decreasing trend in precipitation acidity (37 %) indicate that the total amount of acidity in the multiphase gas-aerosol system in the western NAO troposphere decreased over the period of record. Decreasing aerosol acidities would have shifted the phase partitioning of total NH3 (NH3 + particulate NH4+) towards the gas phase thereby decreasing the atmospheric lifetime of total NH3 against wet plus dry deposition. The trend of increasing NH4+ in precipitation at Bermuda over the period of record suggests that NH3 emissions from surrounding continents also increased. Decreasing particulate nss SO42- in near-surface air under NEUS/SEUS flow over the period of record implies that the corresponding shortwave scattering and absorption by nss S and associated aerosols constituents also decreased. These changes in radiative transfer suggest a corresponding lower limit for net warming over the period in the range of 0.1-0.3 W m(-2). C1 [Keene, W. C.; Moody, J. L.; Galloway, J. N.; Maben, J. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Prospero, J. M.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cooper, O. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Eckhardt, S.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. RP Keene, WC (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Clark Hall, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM wck@virginia.edu RI Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-8701291, AGS-9013128, AGS-9414293, AGS-0541570, AGS-8703411, AGS-9013062, AGS-9414262, AGS-0541566] FX Dennis Savoie, Hal Maring, Kenneth Voss, and Miguel Izaguirre collaborated in conceptualizing and conducting these research efforts. Annie Glasspool, Kim Zeeh and Chris Marsay assisted in field operations and data generation and processing. Peter Sedwick and Andrew Peters supervised operations at the THAO during the latter period of record and the Bermuda Institute for Ocean Sciences provided outstanding logistical support during both measurement periods. ECMWF provided meteorological data used to calculate FLEXPART retroplumes. Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through awards to the University of Virginia (AGS-8701291, -9013128, -9414293, and -0541570) and the University of Miami (AGS-8703411, -9013062, -9414262, and -0541566). NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 32 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 15 BP 8119 EP 8135 DI 10.5194/acp-14-8119-2014 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO1VN UT WOS:000341103600029 ER PT J AU Angevine, WM Bazile, E Legain, D Pino, D AF Angevine, W. M. Bazile, E. Legain, D. Pino, D. TI Land surface spinup for episodic modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; NEAR-SURFACE; SENSITIVITY AB Soil moisture strongly controls the surface fluxes in mesoscale numerical models, and thereby influences the boundary layer structure. Proper initialization of soil moisture is therefore critical for faithful simulations. In many applications, such as air quality or process studies, the model is run for short, discrete periods (a day to a month). This paper describes one method for soil initialization in these cases - self-spinup. In self-spinup, the model is initialized with a coarse-resolution operational model or reanalysis output, and run for a month, cycling its own soil variables. This allows the soil variables to develop appropriate spatial variability, and may improve the actual values. The month (or other period) can be run more than once if needed. The case shown is for the Boundary Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence experiment, conducted in France in 2011. Self-spinup adds spatial variability, which improves the representation of soil moisture patterns around the experiment location, which is quite near the Pyrenees Mountains. The self-spinup also corrects a wet bias in the large-scale analysis. The overall result is a much-improved simulation of boundary layer structure, evaluated by comparison with soundings from the field site. Self-spinup is not recommended as a substitute for multi-year spinup with an offline land data assimilation system in circumstances where the data sets required for such spinup are available at the required resolution. Self-spinup may fail if the modeled precipitation is poorly simulated. It is an expedient for cases when resources are not available to allow a better method to be used. C1 [Angevine, W. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, W. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Bazile, E.] Meteo France, CNRM GMAP PRO, Toulouse, France. [Legain, D.] Meteo France, CNRS, CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Pino, D.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, BarcelonaTech, Dept Appl Phys, Barcelona, Spain. [Pino, D.] Inst Space Studies Catalonia IEEC UPC, Barcelona, Spain. RP Angevine, WM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wayne.m.angevine@noaa.gov RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Pino, David/F-7940-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Pino, David/0000-0002-4512-0175; FU Spanish MINECO [CGL2009-08609, CGL2012-37416-C04-03] FX Marie Lothon conceived and headed the planning and execution of BLLAST, and provided helpful comments on this paper. The BLLAST field experiment was made possible thanks to the contribution of several institutions and supports: INSU-CNRS (Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, LEFE-IDAO program), Meteo-France, Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees (University of Toulouse), EUFAR (EUropean Facility for Airborne Research) and COST ES0802 (European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical). The field experiment would not have occurred without the contribution of all participating European and American research groups, which all have contributed in a significant amount (see supports). The BLLAST field experiment was hosted by the instrumented site of Centre de Recherches Atmospheriques, Lannemezan, France (Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees, Laboratoire d'Aerologie). The 60m tower is partly supported by the POCTEFA/FLUXPYR European program, Frederique Said is acknowledged for providing the data. BLLAST data are managed by SEDOO, from Observatoire Midi-Pyrenees. The SMOSMANIA data were collected by Jean-Christoph Calvet at Meteo-France and provided by the International Soil Moisture Network, Wouter Dorigo, TU Wien. David Pino was partially supported by Spanish MINECO projects CGL2009-08609, and CGL2012-37416-C04-03. Joseph Santanello of NASA provided useful comments at several stages of the work described in this paper. NR 25 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 15 BP 8165 EP 8172 DI 10.5194/acp-14-8165-2014 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AO1VN UT WOS:000341103600032 ER PT J AU Gattuso, JP Kirkwood, W Barry, JP Cox, E Gazeau, F Hansson, L Hendriks, I Kline, DI Mahacek, P Martin, S McElhany, P Peltzer, ET Reeve, J Roberts, D Saderne, V Tait, K Widdicombe, S Brewer, PG AF Gattuso, J. -P. Kirkwood, W. Barry, J. P. Cox, E. Gazeau, F. Hansson, L. Hendriks, I. Kline, D. I. Mahacek, P. Martin, S. McElhany, P. Peltzer, E. T. Reeve, J. Roberts, D. Saderne, V. Tait, K. Widdicombe, S. Brewer, P. G. TI Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) systems: present status and future developments SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACIDIFICATION; PSEUDOREPLICATION; SEAWATER; PH; ORGANISMS; RESPONSES; OPPORTUNITIES; METABOLISM AB Free-ocean CO2 enrichment (FOCE) systems are designed to assess the impact of ocean acidification on biological communities in situ for extended periods of time (weeks to months). They overcome some of the drawbacks of laboratory experiments and field observations by enabling (1) precise control of CO2 enrichment by monitoring pH as an offset of ambient pH, (2) consideration of indirect effects such as those mediated through interspecific relationships and food webs, and (3) relatively long experiments with intact communities. Bringing perturbation experiments from the laboratory to the field is, however, extremely challenging. The main goal of this paper is to provide guidelines on the general design, engineering, and sensor options required to conduct FOCE experiments. Another goal is to introduce xFOCE, a community-led initiative to promote awareness, provide resources for in situ perturbation experiments, and build a user community. Present and existing FOCE systems are briefly described and examples of data collected presented. Future developments are also addressed as it is anticipated that the next generation of FOCE systems will include, in addition to pH, options for oxygen and/or temperature control. FOCE systems should become an important experimental approach for projecting the future response of marine ecosystems to environmental change. C1 [Gattuso, J. -P.; Cox, E.; Gazeau, F.; Mahacek, P.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Observ Oceanol, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Gattuso, J. -P.; Cox, E.; Gazeau, F.; Mahacek, P.] CNRS INSU, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Kirkwood, W.; Barry, J. P.; Peltzer, E. T.; Brewer, P. G.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Hansson, L.] IAEA Environm Labs, Ocean Acidificat Int Coordinat Ctr, Monaco 98000, Monaco. [Hendriks, I.] Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Global Change Dept, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain. [Kline, D. I.] Univ Calif San Diego, Integrat Oceanog Div, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Martin, S.] Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Stn Biol, F-29688 Roscoff, France. [Martin, S.] CNRS, Stn Biol, F-29688 Roscoff, France. [McElhany, P.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Reeve, J.] Channel Highway, Dept Environm, Kingston, Tas, Australia. [Roberts, D.] Univ Tasmania, Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Saderne, V.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, Benth Ecol Grp, Kiel, Schleswig Holst, Germany. [Tait, K.; Widdicombe, S.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. RP Gattuso, JP (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Observ Oceanol, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. EM gattuso@obs-vlfr.fr RI Gazeau, Frederic/G-3050-2011; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/E-6631-2010; OI Gazeau, Frederic/0000-0001-8807-4597; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/0000-0002-4533-4114; Peltzer, Edward/0000-0003-2821-3553 FU The BNP Paribas Foundation; MBARI; Australian Research Council; Pacific Blue Foundation; University of Queensland; BNP Paribas Foundation; CNRS; Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; Center for Solutions; Hopkins Marine Station; Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem CRC; Australian Antarctic Division; University of Tasmania; The International Atomic Energy Agency, government of the Principality of Monaco FX The BNP Paribas Foundation is gratefully acknowledged for its support of the 2012 and 2013 xFOCE meetings and for supporting a 52 min eFOCE documentary. Additional support for the 2013 meeting was provided by the French Embassy in Washington DC. dpFOCE was supported by MBARI; cpFOCE by the Australian Research Council, the Pacific Blue Foundation, and the University of Queensland; eFOCE by the BNP Paribas Foundation, CNRS, and Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6; and swFOCE by MBARI, the Center for Solutions, and Hopkins Marine Station; antFOCE by the Australian Research Council, the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystem CRC, MBARI, the Australian Antarctic Division, and the University of Tasmania. The International Atomic Energy Agency is grateful for the support provided to its Environment Laboratories by the government of the Principality of Monaco. E. Acain and M. Khamla kindly helped in producing Fig. 1. The contribution of the following individuals is gratefully acknowledged: E. Acain, J. Acain, S. Alliouane, R. Patrix, and E. Tanguy. The comments and suggestions of S. Dupont and K. Yates significantly improved an earlier version of this paper. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 15 BP 4057 EP 4075 DI 10.5194/bg-11-4057-2014 PG 19 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AO1VU UT WOS:000341104400002 ER PT J AU Rodgers, KB Aumont, O Fletcher, SEM Plancherel, Y Bopp, L Montegut, CD Iudicone, D Keeling, RF Madec, G Wanninkhof, R AF Rodgers, K. B. Aumont, O. Fletcher, S. E. Mikaloff Plancherel, Y. Bopp, L. Montegut, C. de Boyer Iudicone, D. Keeling, R. F. Madec, G. Wanninkhof, R. TI Strong sensitivity of Southern Ocean carbon uptake and nutrient cycling to wind stirring SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RECENT CLIMATE-CHANGE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN; GAS-EXCHANGE; CO2; TRANSPORT; SEA; DRIVEN; LAYER AB Here we test the hypothesis that winds have an important role in determining the rate of exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and ocean through wind stirring over the Southern Ocean. This is tested with a sensitivity study using an ad hoc parameterization of wind stirring in an ocean carbon cycle model, where the objective is to identify the way in which perturbations to the vertical density structure of the planetary boundary in the ocean impacts the carbon cycle and ocean biogeochemistry. Wind stirring leads to reduced uptake of CO2 by the Southern Ocean over the period 2000-2006, with a relative reduction with wind stirring on the order of 0.9 Pg C yr(-1) over the region south of 45 degrees S. This impacts not only the mean carbon uptake, but also the phasing of the seasonal cycle of carbon and other ocean biogeochemical tracers. Enhanced wind stirring delays the seasonal onset of stratification, and this has large impacts on both entrainment and the biological pump. It is also found that there is a strong reduction on the order of 25-30% in the concentrations of NO3 exported in Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) to wind stirring. This finds expression not only locally over the Southern Ocean, but also over larger scales through the impact on advected nutrients. In summary, the large sensitivity identified with the ad hoc wind stirring parameterization offers support for the importance of wind stirring for global ocean biogeochemistry through its impact over the Southern Ocean. C1 [Rodgers, K. B.] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Aumont, O.] IRD, Plouzane, France. [Fletcher, S. E. Mikaloff] NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Plancherel, Y.] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Bopp, L.] UVSQ, CEA, CNRS, IPSL,LSCE, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Montegut, C. de Boyer] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Lab Oceanog Spatiale, Plouzane, France. [Iudicone, D.] Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy. [Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA USA. [Madec, G.] UPMC, MNHN, IPSL, LOCEAN,CNRS,IRD, Paris, France. [Madec, G.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [Wanninkhof, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Rodgers, KB (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM krodgers@princeton.edu RI madec, gurvan/E-7825-2010; de Boyer Montegut, Clement/F-9717-2010; Aumont, Olivier/G-5207-2016; OI madec, gurvan/0000-0002-6447-4198; de Boyer Montegut, Clement/0000-0003-3218-9330; Aumont, Olivier/0000-0003-3954-506X; Mikaloff Fletcher, Sara/0000-0003-0741-0320 FU NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO) [NA17RJ2612, NA08OAR4320752]; NASA [NNX09AI13G]; NSF [OCE-1155983]; NIWA under New Zealand Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Mitigation, and Carbon Cycle Science Programme; Oxford Martin School; UK GEOTRACES Program; NOAA Climate Program Office [NA10OAR4320156]; Flagship Project RITMARE - The Italian Research for the Sea - Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research; UK NERC via UK GEOTRACES program FX The contribution of K. B. Rodgers came through awards NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752, which includes support through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the US Department of Commerce. Additional support for K. B. Rodgers came through NASA award NNX09AI13G and NSF award OCE-1155983. Support for S. E. Mikaloff Fletcher was provided by NIWA under the New Zealand Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Mitigation, and Carbon Cycle Science Programme. Y. Plancherel acknowledges support from the Oxford Martin School and the UK GEOTRACES Program. Support for measurements of APO ratios was provided under grant NA10OAR4320156, which includes support through the NOAA Climate Program Office. D. Iudicone was funded by the Flagship Project RITMARE - The Italian Research for the Sea - funded by the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research within the National Research Program 2011-2013. Y. Plancherel was supported by the Oxford Martin School and UK NERC via the UK GEOTRACES program. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 15 BP 4077 EP 4098 DI 10.5194/bg-11-4077-2014 PG 22 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AO1VU UT WOS:000341104400003 ER PT J AU Braje, TJ Costello, JG Erlandson, JM DeLong, R AF Braje, Todd J. Costello, Julia G. Erlandson, Jon M. DeLong, Robert TI Of Seals, Sea Lions, and Abalone: The Archaeology of an Historical Multiethnic Base Camp on San Miguel Island, California SO HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHANNEL-ISLANDS; CHINESE; COMMUNITIES AB Recent archaeological reconnaissance and excavation on western San Miguel Island have uncovered the remains of a multicomponent and multiethnic historical base camp. Surface collections and small-scale testing identified the remains of three late-19th- to early-20th-century hearth features, faunal remains associated with intensive abalone fishing, and evidence for marine-mammal hunting and processing. Although prehistoric, historical, and modern flotsam and jetsam have been mixed by coastal erosion and seal and sea-lion activities, artifact analyses reveal that CA-SMI-614/H was serially occupied by the Island Chumash and their ancestors, 19th-century Chinese abalone collectors, early-20th-century Japanese hardhat divers, and European American seal hunters. The site offers a unique glimpse into the historical maritime occupations of southern California and provides critical data on an important but poorly understood period of Pacific Rim history, when fisheries in western North America had become a crucial part of globalized food exports. C1 [Braje, Todd J.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Anthropol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Costello, Julia G.] Foothill Resources Ltd, Mokelumne Hill, CA 95245 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Museum Natl & Cultural Hist, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Erlandson, Jon M.] Univ Oregon, Dept Anthropol, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [DeLong, Robert] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Braje, TJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Anthropol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. OI Erlandson, Jon/0000-0002-4705-4319 NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 13 PU SOC HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY PI ROCKVILLE PA 9707 KEY WEST AVENUE, STE 100, ROCKVILLE, MD 20850 USA SN 0440-9213 J9 HIST ARCHAEOL JI Hist. Archaeol. PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 122 EP 142 PG 21 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA AN7WK UT WOS:000340811500004 ER PT J AU Josell, D Moffat, TP AF Josell, D. Moffat, T. P. TI Superconformal Cu Electrodeposition from Cu(II)-EDTA Complexed Alkaline Electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM-UP FILL; THROUGH-SILICON-VIAS; COPPER INTERCONNECT METALLIZATION; SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; BLOCKING INHIBITORS; CYANIDE SOLUTION; GOLD SUPERFILL; ADDITIVES; MECHANISM; ACID AB This paper details superconformal filling of submicrometer trenches with bright, dense copper from alkaline cupric ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) electrolyte of pH 12. Enhanced deposition from the bottom corners of the trenches and overfill bumps accompany superconformal deposition within the trenches when micromolar concentrations of KSeCN are added. Cyclic voltammograms using a rotating disk electrode (RDE) indicate that metal deposition from the EDTA complexed electrolyte is kinetically hindered. The SeCN- additive induces positive feedback evident as concentration-dependent depolarization in cyclic voltammograms and rising chronoamperometric transients. The feature filling and electrochemical measurements are discussed in the context of existing models for superconformal feature filling. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Josell, D.; Moffat, T. P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov NR 52 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 24 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 10 BP D558 EP D563 DI 10.1149/2.0961410jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AO3GK UT WOS:000341217500069 ER PT J AU Lew, DK Seung, CK AF Lew, Daniel K. Seung, Chang K. TI On the Statistical Significance of Regional Economic Impacts from Recreational Fishing Harvest Limits in Southern Alaska SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Recreational fishing; economic impacts; bootstrapping; stated preference choice experiment; and social accounting matrix model ID SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; FISHERY; AGRICULTURE; ISSUES; SALMON; MODEL; BASE AB Confidence intervals for regional economic impacts resulting from changes in saltwater sportfishing harvest limits are calculated using a stated preference model of sportfishing participation and a social accounting matrix (SAM) for southern Alaska. Confidence intervals are constructed to account for two types of input variation in impact estimates sample variation in sportfishing-related expenditures and stochastic variation from parameters in the recreation participation model. For five of six policy scenarios examined, estimated impacts are not statistically different from zero. Tests for differences in estimated impacts between scenarios show that no statistical differences are found whenever stochastic variation is considered (statistical differences occur only when sample variation alone is accounted for). Due to the lack of statistical differences in this case, a comparison of economic impacts does not provide a clear-cut preferred alternative, and consequently other economic and non-economic criteria for evaluating policy scenarios should bear greater weight in policy decisions. C1 [Lew, Daniel K.; Seung, Chang K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lew, DK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM Dan.Lew@noaa.gov; Chang.Seung@noaa.gov OI Lew, Daniel/0000-0002-3394-138X NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 241 EP 257 DI 10.1086/677759 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA AO1IS UT WOS:000341066400004 ER PT J AU Lee, MY AF Lee, Min-Yang TI Hedonic Pricing of Atlantic Cod: Effects of Size, Freshness, and Gear SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Hedonic pricing; Atlantic cod; seafood demand ID GADUS-MORHUA; OPTIMAL MANAGEMENT; SEAFOOD PRODUCTS; FISH STOCKS; QUALITY; MARKET; ATTRIBUTES; FISHERIES; PRICES; TIME AB Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) has been culturally important in the northeast United States (US) for hundreds of years. This research estimates a hedonic model of cod prices in the Northeast US from 2005-2011. While large fish typically receive premium prices, the largest cod receive prices that are approximately $0.20 per pound lower than fish in the next largest market category. A moderate premium for freshness is found: cod caught on trips that last four days receive $0.04 less per pound than fish that is caught on shorter trips. This discount rises to nearly $0.15 per pound for trips lasting 10 days or longer. A similar discount exists for fish that are stored for two or more days after landing. The premia estimated by the hedonic price model are quite different from the group mean premia, suggesting that bioeconomic models that incorporate price heterogeneity should consider more sophisticated price models. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Lee, MY (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St,MB 19, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Min-Yang.Lee@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 3 BP 259 EP 277 DI 10.1086/677769 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA AO1IS UT WOS:000341066400005 ER PT J AU Liu, FH Lo, ST Chuang, CS Woo, TP Lee, HY Liu, CW Liu, CI Huang, LI Liu, CH Yang, YF Chang, CYS Li, LJ Mende, PC Feenstra, RM Elmquist, RE Liang, CT AF Liu, Fan-Hung Lo, Shun-Tsung Chuang, Chiashain Woo, Tak-Pong Lee, Hsin-Yen Liu, Chieh-Wen Liu, Chieh-I Huang, Lung-I Liu, Cheng-Hua Yang, Yanfei Chang, Chih-Yuan S. Li, Lain-Jong Mende, Patrick C. Feenstra, Randall M. Elmquist, Randolph E. Liang, Chi-Te TI Hot carriers in epitaxial graphene sheets with and without hydrogen intercalation: role of substrate coupling SO NANOSCALE LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; DOPED GRAPHENE; QUANTUM-WELL; TRANSISTORS; TRANSPORT; SCALE; GAS; HETEROSTRUCTURES; PERFORMANCE; ELECTRONICS AB The development of graphene electronic devices produced by industry relies on efficient control of heat transfer from the graphene sheet to its environment. In nanoscale devices, heat is one of themajor obstacles to the operation of such devices at high frequencies. Here we have studied the transport of hot carriers in epitaxial graphene sheets on 6H-SiC (0001) substrates with and without hydrogen intercalation by driving the device into the non-equilibrium regime. Interestingly, we have demonstrated that the energy relaxation time of the device without hydrogen intercalation is two orders of magnitude shorter than that with hydrogen intercalation, suggesting application of epitaxial graphene in high-frequency devices which require outstanding heat exchange with an outside cooling source. C1 [Liu, Fan-Hung; Lo, Shun-Tsung; Liu, Chieh-Wen; Liu, Chieh-I; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Chuang, Chiashain; Woo, Tak-Pong; Lee, Hsin-Yen; Huang, Lung-I; Liu, Cheng-Hua; Liang, Chi-Te] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Huang, Lung-I; Yang, Yanfei; Elmquist, Randolph E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chang, Chih-Yuan S.; Li, Lain-Jong] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. [Mende, Patrick C.; Feenstra, Randall M.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Lo, ST (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Grad Inst Appl Phys, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM shuntsunglo@gmail.com; randolph.elmquist@nist.gov RI Li, Lain-Jong/D-5244-2011; Feenstra, Randall/P-2530-2014; Liang, Chi-Te/A-3902-2009 OI Li, Lain-Jong/0000-0002-4059-7783; Feenstra, Randall/0000-0001-7120-5685; Liang, Chi-Te/0000-0003-4435-5949 FU Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-1205275] FX We would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan for support. This work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation, grant DMR-1205275. NR 52 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2040-3364 EI 2040-3372 J9 NANOSCALE JI Nanoscale PY 2014 VL 6 IS 18 BP 10562 EP 10568 DI 10.1039/c4nr02980a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AO0RY UT WOS:000341020700018 PM 25117572 ER PT J AU Asada, M Jiang, NS Sendogdular, L Sokolov, J Endoh, MK Koga, T Fukuto, M Yang, L Akgun, B Dimitrioug, M Satija, S AF Asada, Mitsunori Jiang, Naisheng Sendogdular, Levent Sokolov, Jonathan Endoh, Maya K. Koga, Tadanori Fukuto, Masafumi Yang, Lin Akgun, Bulent Dimitrioug, Michael Satija, Sushil TI Melt crystallization/dewetting of ultrathin PEO films via carbon dioxide annealing: the effects of polymer adsorbed layers SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; THIN-FILMS; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); BULK BEHAVIOR; STRUCTURAL RELAXATION; NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); QUASI-2 DIMENSIONS; ELEVATED PRESSURES AB The effects of CO2 annealing on the melting and subsequent melt crystallization processes of spin-cast poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) ultrathin films (20-100 nm in thickness) prepared on Si substrates were investigated. By using in situ neutron reflectivity, we found that all the PEO thin films show melting at a pressure as low as P = 2.9 MPa and at T 48 degrees C which is below the bulk melting temperature (T-m). The films were then subjected to quick depressurization to atmospheric pressure, resulting in the non-equilibrium swollen state, and the melt crystallization (and/or dewetting) process was carried out in air via subsequent annealing at given temperatures below T-m. Detailed structural characterization using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and polarized optical microscopy revealed two unique aspects of the CO2-treated PEO films: (i) a flat-on lamellar orientation, where the molecular chains stand normal to the film surface, is formed within the entire film regardless of the original film thickness and the annealing temperature; and (ii) the dewetting kinetics for the 20 nm thick film is much slower than that for the thicker films. The key to these phenomena is the formation of irreversibly adsorbed layers on the substrates during the CO2 annealing: the limited plasticization effect of CO2 at the polymer-substrate interface promotes polymer adsorption rather than melting. Here we explain the mechanisms of the melt crystallization and dewetting processes where the adsorbed layers play vital roles. C1 [Asada, Mitsunori; Jiang, Naisheng; Sendogdular, Levent; Sokolov, Jonathan; Endoh, Maya K.; Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Asada, Mitsunori] Kuraray Co Ltd, Kurashiki Res Ctr, Kurashiki, Okayama 7100801, Japan. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fukuto, Masafumi] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Fukuto, Masafumi; Yang, Lin] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Photon Sci Directorate, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Dimitrioug, Michael; Satija, Sushil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-343429 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tadanori.koga@stonybrook.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU NSF [CMMI-084626]; Kuraray Co., Ltd, Japan; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We acknowledge Dongcui Li and the Bio-Imaging Center at the Delaware Biotechnology Institute for some of the AFM experiments. We also thank Steve Bennett for the XR measurements. T. K. acknowledges partial financial support from a NSF grant (CMMI-084626) and from Kuraray Co., Ltd, Japan. The work by M. F. was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contracts no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Some of the GID experiments were performed at the BL03XU in the SPring-8 with the approval of JASRI (proposal no. 2013A7206). NR 87 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 45 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 34 BP 6392 EP 6403 DI 10.1039/c4sm00683f PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AO0TO UT WOS:000341025400004 PM 24930998 ER PT J AU Phillips, SD Krystek, M AF Phillips, Steven D. Krystek, Michael TI Assessment of conformity, decision rules and risk analysis SO TM-TECHNISCHES MESSEN LA English DT Article DE Measurement uncertainty; conformity assessment; decision rules; risk analysis AB Measurement uncertainty has important economic consequences for calibration and inspection activities. In calibration reports, the magnitude of the uncertainty is often taken as an indication of the quality of the laboratory. In industrial measurements, uncertainty has an economic impact through the decision rule employed in accepting and rejecting products. With significant economic interests at stake, manufacturers and consumers have to guard against accepting bad products and rejecting good ones. While the evaluation of measurement uncertainty is a pure technical activity well described in the GUM, the selection of a decision rule is a business decision that involves cost considerations. Recently, several national and international standards bodies have addressed the decision rule issue to provide a uniform, unambiguous terminology for documenting a decision rule and to describe the relationship between conforming characteristics and acceptable measurement results. Similarly, the issue of risk analysis addresses the problem of determining the gauging limits that define the boundaries of acceptable measurement results. Gauging limits are chosen to balance the risks of the two types of decision errors (accepting nonconforming products and rejecting conforming products), whose relative magnitudes depend upon product-specific economic factors. This paper reviews recent standardization developments in these areas. C1 [Krystek, Michael] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38536 Braunschweig, Germany. [Phillips, Steven D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krystek, M (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38536 Braunschweig, Germany. EM Steven.Phillips@nist.gov; michael.krystek@ptb.de NR 17 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0171-8096 J9 TM-TECH MESS JI tm-Tech. Mess. PY 2014 VL 81 IS 5 BP 237 EP 245 DI 10.1515/teme-2014-1007 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA AO2DK UT WOS:000341125500005 ER PT J AU Roegner, GC Teel, DJ AF Roegner, G. Curtis Teel, David J. TI Density and Condition of Subyearling Chinook Salmon in the Lower Columbia River and Estuary in Relation to Water Temperature and Genetic Stock of Origin SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; BODY CONDITION INDEXES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; JUVENILE SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; STEELHEAD TROUT; CENTRAL VALLEY; CHUM SALMON AB We examined the hypotheses that density and morphometric condition of subyearling juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha would decline during periods of high water temperature in the lower Columbia River and estuary. The hypotheses were tested using salmon density measurements and a condition anomaly calculated from residuals of the length-weight linear regression based on 5,536 subyearlings collected from brackish estuarine and tidal freshwater (TFW) habitats. We captured Chinook Salmon at all temperatures encountered (4.2-23.5 degrees C). In the TFW zone, densities were highest at optimal temperatures and lowest at suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures; in the estuary, density did not differ among temperature regimes. Fish condition was lowest in winter, when temperatures were suboptimal, and highest in summer, when temperatures were supraoptimal. Pairwise comparisons of fish condition between periods of optimal temperature (spring) and supraoptimal or stressful temperature (summer) showed little change in the estuary but a large, positive increase with temperature in the TFW zone. Similarly, we examined seasonal differences in the condition of 50-60-mm fry and again found condition to be lowest in winter and highest in summer. Finally, using genetic information, we identified stock-specific differences in migration timing and concluded that most large yearlings and many subyearlings migrated in late winter or spring and therefore were never exposed to high temperatures. Other prevalent stocks persisted in the estuary during periods of elevated temperature; however, the condition of those fish also tended to be higher or neutral in summer than in spring. High temperatures appeared to influence migration timing, as evidenced by reduced density in TFW reaches during summer. However, we found little support for the hypothesis that condition of juvenile Chinook Salmon is reduced during periods of high water temperature in the lower Columbia River and estuary. C1 [Roegner, G. Curtis] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Point Adams Field Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Teel, David J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Manchester Field Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Roegner, GC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Point Adams Field Stn, 520 Heceta Pl, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. EM curtis.roegner@noaa.gov FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We thank C. Seaton (Oregon Health and Science University) for compiling the temperature data from estuarine mooring stations. Many people assisted in beach seine collections, including P. Bentley, D. Bottom, L. Campbell, S. Hinton, G. McCabe, R. McNatt, and R. Nelson. We appreciate the reviews and manuscript improvements provided by B. Beckman, K. Fresh, L. Johnson, and R. Zabel (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries) and three anonymous reviewers. This research was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 69 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1176 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.918055 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN8WV UT WOS:000340887300004 ER PT J AU Hager, C Kahn, J Watterson, C Russo, J Hartman, K AF Hager, Christian Kahn, Jason Watterson, Carter Russo, Jay Hartman, Kyle TI Evidence of Atlantic Sturgeon Spawning in the York River System SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS; POPULATION; SHORTNOSE; MOVEMENTS; ESTUARY; CANADA AB The National Marine Fisheries Service listed five distinct population segments of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus as threatened and endangered under the Endangered Species Act on February 6, 2012. At that time, the only known spawning population of sturgeon in the Chesapeake Bay was in the James River. The goal of this research was to determine whether reproduction was also occurring in the Chesapeake's York River watershed. Based on the assumption that an early fall spawning event occurs in the upper reaches of the watershed, these waters were sampled in late August of 2013 when water temperatures became appropriate for spawning. During a week of sampling, numerous male sturgeon running milt and one spawned-out female with residual eggs still present were captured. The co-occurrence of reproductively active males and a recently spawnedout female Atlantic Sturgeon in the upper Pamunkey River at temperatures consistent with documented spawning temperatures in other systems indicates that fall spawning occurs in the York River system. Therefore, the population segment of Atlantic Sturgeon distinct to the Chesapeake Bay has at least two spawning populations that managers should consider when protecting this listed species. C1 [Hager, Christian; Russo, Jay] Chesapeake Sci, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. [Kahn, Jason] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Watterson, Carter] US Dept Navy, Naval Facil Engn Command, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Hartman, Kyle] W Virginia Univ, Div Forestry & Nat Resources, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hager, C (reprint author), Chesapeake Sci, 100 6 Pence Court, Williamsburg, VA 23185 USA. EM christian.hager@chesapeakescientific.org FU U.S. Navy; Kent Ware and Albert Spells of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX We thank Kirk Moore, our fisheries technician, and William Tyler, without whom much of this research would not have been possible. We also thank Kevin Brown, chief of the Pamunkey Tribe; Kent Ware and Albert Spells of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; the U.S. Navy for providing personnel and funds for the telemetry tags and receivers; the National Marine Fisheries Service for providing personnel and issuing ESA sampling permits; and the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries and the Virginia Marine Resources Commission for issuing state sampling permits. Sampling was conducted under Virginia Marine Resources Commission renewed permit 12-059, Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries permit 045061, and National Marine Fisheries Service permit 16547. NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1217 EP 1219 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.925971 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN8WV UT WOS:000340887300009 ER PT J AU Spangenberg, D Larsen, DA Gerstenberger, R Brun, C Beckman, BR AF Spangenberg, Dina Larsen, Donald A. Gerstenberger, Ryan Brun, Chris Beckman, Brian R. TI The Effects of Variation in Rearing Conditions on Growth, Smolt Development, and Minijack Rate in Yearling Chinook Salmon: a Hatchery Scale Experiment SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARLY SEXUAL-MATURATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; YAKIMA RIVER; SMOLTIFICATION; PLASTICITY; MATURITY; SURVIVAL; FISHES AB In this investigation a single genetic stock of Hood River, Oregon, Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was reared at three different hatchery facilities over three brood years (2008-2010) and monitored for size, growth rate, gill Na+, K+-ATPase activity, condition factor, whole body energetics, and precocious male maturation (age-2 minijack rate). This experimental design provided a unique opportunity to isolate environmental from genetic effects on salmonid life history. Differences in the seasonal thermal regimes and associated growth profiles among the three facilities resulted in modest differences in smolt development but significant variation in size at release (range = 18 g body weight, 118 mm FL to 31 g body weight, 142 mm FL) and minijack rates (range = 4.8-57.1%) among groups. Previous studies have found a positive relationship between body size at release and minijack rates. However, in this investigation the release group with the largest mean body size consistently had the lowest minijack rates. This unique result may be due to the more natural thermal regime and feeding profile experienced by fish at this facility compared with that of the other two facilities and highlights the importance and potential benefits of adhering to a more "wildlike" growth profile in hatchery supplementation programs. C1 [Spangenberg, Dina; Larsen, Donald A.; Beckman, Brian R.] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gerstenberger, Ryan; Brun, Chris] Confederated Tribes Warm Springs Reservat, Parkdale, OR 97041 USA. RP Larsen, DA (reprint author), Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM don.larsen@noaa.gov FU Bonneville Power Administration [1988-053-03] FX We thank Jim Gidley, Albert Santos, Keith Moody, and Chuck Gehling from the Parkdale Hatchery; Jack Palmer from the Round Butte Hatchery; and Larry Zeigenfuss, John Hitron, and Thomas Hogan from the Carson National Fish Hatchery for rearing fish and providing access to fish and facilities. Logistical support was provided by Rich Madden (Portland Gas and Electric) and Lyman Jim and Jayme Schricker (Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs). We thank Lyndsay Brewer, Blayne Eineichner, Jason Thomas, and Megan Saunders (Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs); Shelly Nance and Larissa Rohrbach (University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Seattle, Washington); Meredith Journey (Frank Orth & Associates, Kirkland, Washinton); and Deb Harstad and Abby Tillotson (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries, Seattle, Washington) for their assistance with sampling and laboratory analysis. We very much appreciate the constructive input from two anonymous reviewers whose recommendations significantly improved this manuscript. This study was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration under project number 1988-053-03 with administrative support by Richard Golden. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 23 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 5 BP 1220 EP 1230 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.931304 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AN8WV UT WOS:000340887300010 ER PT J AU Perera, S Pan, Y Zhang, Y Yu, XN Zrnic, D Doviak, R AF Perera, Sudantha Pan, Yu Zhang, Yan Yu, Xining Zrnic, Dusan Doviak, Richard TI A Fully Reconfigurable Polarimetric Phased Array Antenna Testbed SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article ID CROSS-POLARIZATION; PLANAR AB The configurable phased array demonstrator (CPAD) is a low-cost, reconfigurable, small-scale testbed for the dual-polarized array antenna and radar prototype. It is based on the concept that individual transmit and receive (TR) modules and radiating elements can be configured in different ways to study the impact of various array manifolds on radiation pattern performance. For example, CPAD is configured as (a) a 4 x 4 planar array, (b) a planar array with mirror configuration, and (c) a circular array to support the multifunctional phased array radar (MPAR) system risk reduction studies. System descriptions are given in detail, and measurements are made and results are analyzed. C1 [Perera, Sudantha; Pan, Yu; Zhang, Yan; Yu, Xining] Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Perera, Sudantha; Pan, Yu; Zhang, Yan; Yu, Xining] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Zrnic, Dusan; Doviak, Richard] NOAA, NSSL, Norman, OK USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, ARRC, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM rockee@ou.edu FU NOAA/NSSL [NA080AR4320904] FX This work is supported by NOAA/NSSL through Grant no. NA080AR4320904. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 10 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1687-5869 EI 1687-5877 J9 INT J ANTENN PROPAG JI Int. J. Antennas Propag. PY 2014 AR 439606 DI 10.1155/2014/439606 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AN2HH UT WOS:000340404700001 ER PT J AU DeCaluwe, SC Kienzle, PA Bhargava, P Baker, AM Dura, JA AF DeCaluwe, Steven C. Kienzle, Paul A. Bhargava, Pavan Baker, Andrew M. Dura, Joseph A. TI Phase segregation of sulfonate groups in Nafion interface lamellae, quantified via neutron reflectometry fitting techniques for multi-layered structures SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID HYBRID BILAYER-MEMBRANES; QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; THIN-FILMS; IN-SITU; X-RAY; PROTON TRANSPORT; LIPID-MEMBRANES; WATER SORPTION; FUEL-CELL; REFLECTIVITY AB Neutron reflectometry analysis methods for under-determined, multi-layered structures are developed and used to determine the composition depth profile in cases where the structure is not known a priori. These methods, including statistical methods, sophisticated fitting routines, and coupling multiple data sets, are applied to hydrated and dehydrated Nafion nano-scaled films with thicknesses comparable to those found coating electrode particles in fuel cell catalyst layers. These results confirm the lamellar structure previously observed on hydrophilic substrates, and demonstrate that for hydrated films they can accurately be described as layers rich in both water and sulfonate groups alternating with water-poor layers containing an excess of fluorocarbon groups. The thickness of these layers increases slightly and the amplitude of the water volume fraction oscillation exponentially decreases away from the hydrophilic interface. For dehydrated films, the composition oscillations die out more rapidly. The Nafion-SiO2 substrate interface contains a partial monolayer of sulfonate groups bonded to the substrate and a large excess of water compared to that expected by the water-to-sulfonate ratio, lambda, observed throughout the rest of the film. Films that were made thin enough to truncate this lamellar region showed a depth profile nearly identical to thicker films, indicating that there are no confinement or surface effects altering the structure. Comparing the SLD profile measured for films dried at 60 degrees C to modeled composition profiles derived by removing water from the hydrated lamellae suggests incomplete re-mixing of the polymer groups upon dehydration, indicated limited polymer mobility in these Nafion thin films. C1 [DeCaluwe, Steven C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [DeCaluwe, Steven C.; Kienzle, Paul A.; Bhargava, Pavan; Baker, Andrew M.; Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhargava, Pavan] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Baker, Andrew M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mech Engn, Newark, DE 19711 USA. RP Dura, JA (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.dura@nist.gov RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X FU National Academies' NRC Research Associateship Program; NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program; NIST Summer High School Intern Program; US National Science Foundation [DMR-0520547] FX The authors are grateful for the generous support of the National Academies' NRC Research Associateship Program (SCD), the NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program (AMB and PB), and the NIST Summer High School Intern Program (PB). The DANSE project was funded by the US National Science Foundation under grant DMR-0520547. NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 36 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 31 BP 5763 EP 5776 DI 10.1039/c4sm00850b PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AN2PV UT WOS:000340428700013 PM 24981163 ER PT J AU Gierens, K Eleftheratos, K Shi, L AF Gierens, K. Eleftheratos, K. Shi, L. TI Technical Note: 30 years of HIRS data of upper tropospheric humidity SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ICE SUPERSATURATION; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; LONGWAVE CHANNELS; SOUNDER AB We use 30 years of intercalibrated HIRS (High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder) data to produce a 30-year data set of upper tropospheric humidity with respect to ice (UTHi). Since the required brightness temperatures (channels 12 and 6, T-12 and T-6) are intercalibrated to different versions of the HIRS sensors (HIRS/2 and HIRS/4) it is necessary to convert the channel 6 brightness temperatures which are intercalibrated to HIRS/4 into equivalent brightness temperatures intercalibrated to HIRS/2, which is achieved using a linear regression. Using the new regression coefficients we produce daily files of UTHi, T-12 and T-6, for each NOAA satellite and METOP-A (Meteorological Operational Satellite Programme), which carry the HIRS instrument. From this we calculate daily and monthly means in 2.5 degrees x 2.5 degrees resolution for the northern midlatitude zone 30-60 degrees N. As a first application we calculate decadal means of UTHi and the brightness temperatures for the two decades 1980-1989 and 2000-2009. We find that the humidity mainly increased from the 1980s to the 2000s and that this increase is highly statistically significant in large regions of the considered midlatitude belt. The main reason for this result and its statistical significance is the corresponding increase of the T-12 variance. Changes of the mean brightness temperatures are less significant. C1 [Gierens, K.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Eleftheratos, K.] Univ Athens, Fac Geol & Geoenvironment, Athens, Greece. [Shi, L.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Gierens, K (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM klaus.gierens@dlr.de FU DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) FX K. Eleftheratos thanks DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst) for a scholarship that allowed performing this work at DLR's Institute of Atmospheric Physics. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 14 BP 7533 EP 7541 DI 10.5194/acp-14-7533-2014 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5XR UT WOS:000339934900023 ER PT J AU Santoni, GW Daube, BC Kort, EA Jimenez, R Park, S Pittman, JV Gottlieb, E Xiang, B Zahniser, MS Nelson, DD McManus, JB Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Holloway, JS Andrews, AE Sweeney, C Hall, B Hintsa, EJ Moore, FL Elkins, JW Hurst, DF Stephens, BB Bent, J Wofsy, SC AF Santoni, G. W. Daube, B. C. Kort, E. A. Jimenez, R. Park, S. Pittman, J. V. Gottlieb, E. Xiang, B. Zahniser, M. S. Nelson, D. D. McManus, J. B. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Holloway, J. S. Andrews, A. E. Sweeney, C. Hall, B. Hintsa, E. J. Moore, F. L. Elkins, J. W. Hurst, D. F. Stephens, B. B. Bent, J. Wofsy, S. C. TI Evaluation of the airborne quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) measurements of the carbon and greenhouse gas suite - CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO - during the CalNex and HIPPO campaigns SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER; NITROUS-OXIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; SCALE; MONOXIDE; METHANE; STRATOSPHERE; FLUORESCENCE; INSTRUMENT; EMISSIONS AB We present an evaluation of aircraft observations of the carbon and greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO using a direct-absorption pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) operated during the HIPPO and CalNex airborne experiments. The QCLS made continuous 1 Hz measurements with 1 sigma Allan precisions of 20, 0.5, 0.09, and 0.15 ppb for CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO, respectively, over > 500 flight hours on 79 research flights. The QCLS measurements are compared to two vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) CO instruments (CalNex and HIPPO), a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) measuring CO2 and CH4 (CalNex), two broadband non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) spectrometers measuring CO2 (HIPPO), two onboard gas chromatographs measuring a variety of chemical species including CH4, N2O, and CO (HIPPO), and various flask-based measurements of all four species. QCLS measurements are tied to NOAA and WMO standards using an in-flight calibration system, and mean differences when compared to NOAA CCG flask data over the 59 HIPPO research flights were 100, 1, 1, and 2 ppb for CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO, respectively. The details of the end-to-end calibration procedures and the data quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) are presented. Specifically, we discuss our practices for the traceability of standards given uncertainties in calibration cylinders, isotopic and surface effects for the long-lived greenhouse gas tracers, interpolation techniques for in-flight calibrations, and the effects of instrument linearity on retrieved mole fractions. C1 [Santoni, G. W.; Daube, B. C.; Pittman, J. V.; Gottlieb, E.; Xiang, B.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Santoni, G. W.; Daube, B. C.; Pittman, J. V.; Gottlieb, E.; Xiang, B.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kort, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Coll Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Jimenez, R.] Univ Nacl Colombia, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Bogota, Colombia. [Park, S.] Kyungpook Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Coll Ecol & Environm Sci, Sangju, South Korea. [Zahniser, M. S.; Nelson, D. D.; McManus, J. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Atmospher & Environm Chem, Billerica, MA USA. [Peischl, J.; Sweeney, C.; Hintsa, E. J.; Moore, F. L.; Hurst, D. F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ryerson, T. B.; Holloway, J. S.; Andrews, A. E.; Hall, B.; Hintsa, E. J.; Moore, F. L.; Elkins, J. W.; Hurst, D. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Stephens, B. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Bent, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Santoni, GW (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gsantoni@gmail.com RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008; Xiang, Bin/E-8034-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; FU Harvard University: NASA [NNX09AJ94G, NNX11AG47G, NNX09AU40G]; Harvard University: NSF [ATM 083091 2]; Harvard University: NOAA [NA09OAR4310122, NA11OAR4310158]; NSF; EPA; Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3010] FX The Harvard QCLS was a joint collaboration with Aerodyne and NCAR, and was funded by NSF as a core instrument on NCAR's Gulfstream V aircraft. We would like to thank all the pilots, aircraft technicians, and support staff of the NCAR HIAPER-GV and NOAA P-3 as well as the many NOAA and NCAR collaborators who made the CalNex and HIPPO measurements possible. This work was supported by the following grants to Harvard University: NASA NNX09AJ94G, NNX11AG47G, and NNX09AU40G, NSF ATM 083091 2, NOAA NA09OAR4310122, and NA11OAR4310158. G. W. Santoni acknowledges support from the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program and the EPA Science to Achieve Results Fellowship. Sunyoung Park was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2012-3010. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 37 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1509 EP 1526 DI 10.5194/amt-7-1509-2014 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5YB UT WOS:000339935900001 ER PT J AU Neupane, S Khatiwada, S Jaye, C Fischer, DA Younes, H Hong, H Karna, SP Hirsch, SG Seifu, D AF Neupane, Suman Khatiwada, Suman Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Younes, Hammad Hong, Haiping Karna, Shashi P. Hirsch, Samuel G. Seifu, Dereje TI Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Coated by Fe2O3 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Magnetic Properties SO ECS JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; HEAT-TRANSFER NANOFLUIDS; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; FIELD-EMISSION; ANODE; PERFORMANCE; MICROSCOPY; BATTERIES; ALIGNMENT; GRAPHENE AB Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to attract significant interests due to their unique combination of extraordinary thermal, electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. The preparation of CNTs coated with magnetically sensitive Fe2O3 nanoparticles has implications to the development of advanced heat transfer nanofluids and high capacity lithium ion batteries. In this paper, various characterization methods confirm that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were uniformly coated with Fe2O3 nanoparticles through solution mixture. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to compare the morphology of pristine SWNTs and as-prepared SWNTs coated with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis presented the extent of defects and the amount of Fe2O3 nanoparticles present in the sample. Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy was used to probe the electronic band structure of as-prepared core-shell structures. Magnetization measurements indicate that the coercive field of SWNTs coated with Fe2O3 nanoparticles was twice that of pristine SWNTs. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Neupane, Suman; Seifu, Dereje] Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Khatiwada, Suman] Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Younes, Hammad; Hong, Haiping] South Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Mat & Met Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. [Karna, Shashi P.; Hirsch, Samuel G.] Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Neupane, S (reprint author), Morgan State Univ, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. EM suman.neupane@morgan.edu FU ARL [W911NF-12-2-0041]; NSF [MRI-DMR-1337339] FX One of the authors, D. S., acknowledges funding from ARL W911NF-12-2-0041 and from NSF MRI-DMR-1337339. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 2162-8769 J9 ECS J SOLID STATE SC JI ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 3 IS 8 BP M39 EP M44 DI 10.1149/2.0011408jss PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AM6OR UT WOS:000339985000001 ER PT J AU Carle, MV Wang, L Sasser, CE AF Carle, Melissa Vernon Wang, Lei Sasser, Charles E. TI Mapping freshwater marsh species distributions using WorldView-2 high-resolution multispectral satellite imagery SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINES; REMOTELY-SENSED DATA; PLANT STRESS; LAND-COVER; CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; VEGETATION; REFLECTANCE; PERFORMANCE; ALGORITHMS AB Freshwater wetlands are highly diverse, spatially heterogeneous, and seasonally dynamic systems that present unique challenges to remote sensing. Maximum likelihood and support vector machine-supervised classification were compared to map wetland plant species distributions in a deltaic environment using high-resolution WorldView-2 satellite imagery. The benefits of the sensor's new coastal blue, yellow, and red-edge bands were tested for mapping coastal vegetation and the eight-band results were compared to classifications performed using band combinations and spatial resolutions characteristic of other available high-resolution satellite sensors. Unlike previous studies, this study found that support vector machine classification did not provide significantly different results from maximum likelihood classification. The maximum likelihood classifier provided the highest overall classification accuracy, at 75%, with user's and producer's accuracies for individual species ranging from 0% to 100%. Overall, maximum likelihood classification of WorldView-2 imagery provided satisfactory results for species distribution mapping within this freshwater delta system and compared favourably to results of previous studies using hyperspectral imagery, but at much lower acquisition cost and greater ease of processing. The red-edge and coastal blue bands appear to contribute the most to improved vegetation mapping capability over high-resolution satellite sensors that employ only four spectral bands. C1 [Carle, Melissa Vernon; Sasser, Charles E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Wang, Lei] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Carle, MV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Habitat Conservat, Restorat Ctr, 1315 East West Highway,SSMC3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mmcarle@hotmail.com FU Louisiana Board of Regents fellowship FX This work was supported by a Louisiana Board of Regents fellowship to Melissa Carle. NR 58 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 13 BP 4698 EP 4716 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.919685 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AM8EU UT WOS:000340105700007 ER PT J AU Hutchison, KD Heidinger, AK Kopp, TJ Iisager, BD Frey, RA AF Hutchison, Keith D. Heidinger, Andrew K. Kopp, Thomas J. Iisager, Barbara D. Frey, Richard A. TI Comparisons between VIIRS cloud mask performance results from manually generated cloud masks of VIIRS imagery and CALIOP-VIIRS match-ups SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE; CLASSIFICATION; ALGORITHM; ICE AB Binary cloud masks generated from the manual interpretation of imagery serve as one source of truth data in the evaluation of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) cloud mask (VCM) algorithm in the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Calibration/Validation (CalVal) Program of the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS). The other and primary source of truth data used to establish global VCM performance comes from match-up datasets of VIIRS and CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) data that are collected by the NASA CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) system. While manually generated cloud masks have long been used to quantitatively evaluate the performance of individual cloud-screening detection tests, complete cloud-screening algorithms, and even the results of cloud forecast models, there has not previously been the opportunity to compare results obtained with these cloud masks to an independent, highly accurate cloud dataset, as collected by CALIOP. Such an opportunity was afforded the S-NPP VCM CalVal Team as it prepared to assess the VCM algorithm's performance to meet the JPSS Validation Phase-1 performance criteria milestone. This article provides an in-depth discussion on the use of data generated to evaluate VCM performance and the results obtained from comparisons to both manually generated cloud masks and CALIOP-VIIRS match-up datasets. Overall, the performance of the VCM algorithm performance is found to be consistent with each source of truth data, and while the evaluation of the VCM algorithm is still in progress, it is already satisfying the JPSS Level-1 System Requirements. However, the similarities in VCM performance using these two sets of performance results were surprising and that becomes the focus of this article. As an example, the probability of correct typing (PCT) with the VCM algorithm during daytime conditions over ocean, land, and desert backgrounds, was 96.5%, 94.4%, and 95.7% respectively, based upon the manually generated cloud masks. Similar results obtained using CALIOP-VIIRS match-up datasets were 95.0%, 93.9%, and 96.0% respectively. It is concluded that manually generated cloud masks, created from VIIRS imagery, provide unique insights into the VCM's performance, which results in a robust CalVal program when augmented with results obtained from CALIOP-VIIRS match-up data. C1 [Hutchison, Keith D.] Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Kopp, Thomas J.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Iisager, Barbara D.] Northrop Grumman Informat Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Frey, Richard A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Hutchison, KD (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Ctr Space Res, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM keithh@csr.utexas.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU NOAA JPSS Program Office FX This work was funded by the NOAA JPSS Program Office. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 13 BP 4905 EP 4922 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.932465 PG 18 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AM8EU UT WOS:000340105700018 ER PT S AU Chen, WC Gentile, TR Erwin, R Watson, S Ye, Q Krycka, KL Maranville, BB AF Chen, W. C. Gentile, T. R. Erwin, R. Watson, S. Ye, Q. Krycka, K. L. Maranville, B. B. BE Ioffe, A TI He-3 spin filter based polarized neutron capability at the NIST Center for Neutron Research SO INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NEUTRON OPTICS AND DETECTORS (NOP&D 2013) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Optics and Detectors (NOP&D) CY JUL 02-05, 2013 CL Munich, GERMANY SP Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, European Spallat Source Scandinavia, Swiss Neutron, Mirotron Ltd, S DH Heidelberg, ASTRIUM ID TRIPLE-AXIS SPECTROMETER; MAGNETIC SCATTERING; SLOW-NEUTRONS; REFLECTOMETRY; CAVITY; NCNR AB A He-3 neutron spin filter (NSF) program for polarized neutron scattering was launched in 2006 as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) Expansion Initiative. The goal of the project was to enhance the NCNR polarized neutron measurement capabilities. Benefitting from more than a decade's development of spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) at NIST, we planned to employ SEOP based He-3 neutron spin filters for the polarized neutron scattering community. These He-3 NSF devices were planned for use on different classes of polarized neutron instrumentation at the NCNR, including triple-axis spectrometers (TAS), small-angle neutron scattering instruments (SANS), reflectometers, and wide-angle polarization analysis. Among them, the BT-7 thermal TAS, NG-3 SANS, and MAGIK reflectometer have already been in the user program for routine polarized beam experiments. Wide-angle polarization analysis on Multi-Axis Crystal Spectrometer (MACS) has been developed for user experiments. We describe briefly the SEOP systems dedicated for polarized beam experiments and polarizing neutron development for each instrument class. We summarize the current status and polarized neutronic performance for each instrument. We present a He-3 NSF hardware and software interface to allow for synchronization of He-3 polarization inversion (neutron spin flipping) and free-induction decay (FID) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements with neutron data collection. Key words: polarized neutron, SEOP, He-3 NSF C1 [Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.; Erwin, R.; Watson, S.; Ye, Q.; Krycka, K. L.; Maranville, B. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, WC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wcchen@nist.gov NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 528 AR 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/528/1/012014 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Optics; Physics GA BB0IO UT WOS:000340245000014 ER PT J AU Tsuda, T Ikeda, Y Arimura, T Hirogaki, M Imanishi, A Kuwabata, S Stafford, GR Hussey, CL AF Tsuda, Tetsuya Ikeda, Yuichi Arimura, Takashi Hirogaki, Masaki Imanishi, Akihito Kuwabata, Susumu Stafford, Gery R. Hussey, Charles L. TI Electrodeposition of Al-W Alloys in the Lewis Acidic Aluminum Chloride-1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHLOROALUMINATE MOLTEN-SALTS; SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERIZATION; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; AMORPHOUS-ALLOYS; MANGANESE ALLOYS; TUNGSTEN-OXIDES; TERNARY ALLOYS; MELT; PASSIVITY; FILMS AB The electrodeposition of non-equilibrium Al-W alloys was investigated in the Lewis acidic 66.7-33.3 percent mole fraction aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliurn chloride (AlCl3-[EtMeIm]Cl) room-temperature ionic liquid (IL). The W(III) compound, K-3[W2Cl9], served as the reservoir for W. Both controlled potential and controlled current techniques were employed. Depending on the electrodeposition conditions, it was possible to prepare Al-W alloys with a W content approaching 96 percent atomic fraction (a/o). However, as the W content of these alloys increased above 30 a/o, the deposits became powdery and friable and were difficult to characterize. XRD analysis of deposits containing similar to 16 a/o W revealed a broad reflection consistent with the amorphous phase that typically appears at alloy concentrations that exceed the limit of the supersaturated solid solution. This phase is not readily apparent in X-ray diffraction patterns until the W content reaches about 9 a/o. As expected, the lattice parameter for the fcc Al phase decreased as the W content of the alloy increased, reaching a maximum contraction of about 0.2%, consistent with a W content of about 5 a/o. This suggests that the amorphous phase may be present in deposits containing a little as 5 a/o W. Alloys containing similar to 3 a/o W were dense and compact and displayed a chloride pitting potential of +0.3 V versus unalloyed Al. Heat treatment was explored as a method to address the powdery morphology of those deposits with a high W content, but XRD analysis indicated that this approach leads to the precipitation of at least one new phase (Al5W) and a decrease in the chloride pitting potential. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Tsuda, Tetsuya; Ikeda, Yuichi; Kuwabata, Susumu] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Tsuda, Tetsuya] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Frontier Res Base Global Young Researchers, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Arimura, Takashi; Hirogaki, Masaki; Imanishi, Akihito] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Chem, Toyonaka, Osaka 5608531, Japan. [Imanishi, Akihito; Kuwabata, Susumu] Japan Sci & Technol Agcy, Core Res Evolut Sci & Technol, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan. [Stafford, Gery R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hussey, Charles L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Tsuda, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. EM chclh@chem1.olemiss.edu RI Tsuda, Tetsuya/F-7234-2014 OI Tsuda, Tetsuya/0000-0001-9462-8066 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR); Iketani Science and Technology Foundation; Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) [23107518, 24350071] FX Research carried out at the University of Mississippi was sponsored by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR). Research conducted in Japan was supported by Iketani Science and Technology Foundation and grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, grant No. 23107518 and 24350071, from the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). NR 54 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 46 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 9 BP D405 EP D412 DI 10.1149/2.016409jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AM7BL UT WOS:000340019600059 ER PT J AU Yun, S Parrondo, J Zhang, F Ramani, V AF Yun, Sukhwan Parrondo, Javier Zhang, Fan Ramani, Vijay TI Microstructure-Property Relationships in Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone/Silsesquioxane Composite Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-SCATTERING; SOL-GEL-REACTIONS; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; STATE NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; ADVANCED PHOTON SOURCE; HYBRID MEMBRANES; PROTON CONDUCTIVITY; POLYMER MEMBRANES; NAFION MEMBRANE AB The synthesis, structural characterization, and performance evaluation of silsesquioxane - based sulfonated polyether ether ketone (SPEEK) composite membranes for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications are presented. 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propanesulfonic acid (TPS) was used as a silsesquioxane (S(20) precursor. Two batches of SPEEK membranes with ion exchange capacities (EEC) of 1.06 +/- 0.02 meq/g (denoted by SPEEK11) and 1.34 +/- 0.05 meq/g (denoted by SPEEK13) were prepared. The SQO loadings in the composite membranes ranged from 5 wt% to 30 wt%. The ionic conductivity of the SPEEK13 membrane (at 60 degrees C) increased by up to 15 mS/cm (27%) upon incorporation of 15 wt% TPS-derived SQO, while the methanol permeability was at best slightly lowered (5-10%). The morphological changes in the composite membranes resulting from the introduction of SQO was studied by small angle X-ray scattering. The sharp decrease in conductivity with TPS loading was attributed to these changes in the membrane ionic domains. The performance of DMFCs with these SPEEK/SQO composite membranes was governed more by the proton conductivity than the methanol crossover. Compared to pristine SPEEK, the improved DMFC performance (at 60 degrees C using air and 3M methanol) of SPEEK11+5 wt% TPS and SPEEK13+5 wt% TPS composite membranes (187 mA cm(-2) and 240 mA cm(-2) at 0.4 V, respectively) was observed. (C) The Author(s) 2014. Published by ECS. All rights reserved. C1 [Yun, Sukhwan; Parrondo, Javier; Ramani, Vijay] IIT, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Zhang, Fan] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yun, S (reprint author), IIT, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM ramani@iit.edu RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; Parrondo, Javier/E-1494-2011; Ramani, Vijay/A-5164-2010 OI Parrondo, Javier/0000-0003-4306-2351; Ramani, Vijay/0000-0002-6132-8144 FU U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838]; National Science Foundation [0847030] FX The authors specially thank Dr. Jan Ilavsky for performing the data acquisition with SAXS instrument of 12ID-B and USAXS instrument at 15ID-C in APS in Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS Sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant number NSF/CHE-0822838.The authors also acknowledge the National Science Foundation (grant # 0847030) for support. NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 9 BP F815 EP F822 DI 10.1149/2.0021409jes PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AM7BL UT WOS:000340019600069 ER PT J AU Hood, RR Vreeland, WN DeVoe, DL AF Hood, R. R. Vreeland, W. N. DeVoe, D. L. TI Microfluidic remote loading for rapid single-step liposomal drug preparation SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID LARGE UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; PH-GRADIENTS; DELIVERY-SYSTEMS; DOXORUBICIN; ANTHRACYCLINES; AMMONIUM; LESSONS; AMINES; DRIVEN; MODEL AB Microfluidic-directed formation of liposomes is combined with in-line sample purification and remote drug loading for single step, continuous-flow synthesis of nanoscale vesicles containing high concentrations of stably loaded drug compounds. Using an on-chip microdialysis element, the system enables rapid formation of large transmembrane pH and ion gradients, followed by immediate introduction of amphipathic drug for real-time remote loading into the liposomes. The microfluidic process enables in-line formation of drug-laden liposomes with drug : lipid molar ratios of up to 1.3, and a total on-chip residence time of approximately 3 min, representing a significant improvement over conventional bulk-scale methods which require hours to days for combined liposome synthesis and remote drug loading. The microfluidic platform may be further optimized to support real-time generation of purified liposomal drug formulations with high concentrations of drugs and minimal reagent waste for effective liposomal drug preparation at or near the point of care. C1 [Hood, R. R.; DeVoe, D. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vreeland, W. N.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeVoe, D. L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP DeVoe, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddev@umd.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 FU NIH [R21EB011750, R21EB009485]; NSF [CBET0966407]; NIST-ARRA Fellowship Program FX The authors thank Dr. Peter Swaan at the University of Maryland School of Pharmacy for Malvern Zetasizer access. This research was supported by NIH grants R21EB011750 and R21EB009485, NSF grant CBET0966407, and a NIST-ARRA Fellowship Program administered by the University of Maryland. CryoTEM imaging was performed at the Nanoscale Imaging, Spectroscopy, and Properties (NISP) Laboratory of the Maryland NanoCenter at the University of Maryland, College Park. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2014 VL 14 IS 17 BP 3359 EP 3367 DI 10.1039/c4lc00390j PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AM9LY UT WOS:000340204300030 PM 25003823 ER PT J AU Pe'eri, S Parrish, C Azuike, C Alexander, L Armstrong, A AF Pe'eri, Shachak Parrish, Christopher Azuike, Chukwuma Alexander, Lee Armstrong, Andrew TI Satellite Remote Sensing as a Reconnaissance Tool for Assessing Nautical Chart Adequacy and Completeness SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; nautical charting; remote sensing; satellite imagery; water clarity; Landsat ID WATER DEPTH; BATHYMETRY; SHALLOW; REFLECTANCE; IMAGERY; BAHAMAS AB National hydrographic offices need a better means of assessing the adequacy of existing nautical charts in order to plan and prioritize future hydrographic surveys. The ability to derive bathymetry from multispectral satellite imagery is a topic that has received considerable attention in scientific literature. However, published studies have not addressed the ability of satellite-derived bathymetry to meet specific hydrographic survey requirements. Specifically, the bathymetry needs to be referenced to a chart datum and statistical uncertainty estimates of the bathymetry should be provided. Ideally, the procedure should be based on readily-available, low-cost software, tools, and data. This paper describes the development and testing of a procedure using publicly-available, multispectral satellite imagery to map and portray shallow-water bathymetry in a GIS environment for three study sites: Northeast United States, Nigeria, and Belize. Landsat imagery and published algorithms were used to derive estimates of the bathymetry in shallow waters, and uncertainty of the satellite-derived bathymetry was then assessed using a Monte Carlo method. Results indicate that the practical procedures developed in this study are suitable for use by national hydrographic offices. C1 [Pe'eri, Shachak; Azuike, Chukwuma; Alexander, Lee] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Parrish, Christopher; Armstrong, Andrew] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Azuike, Chukwuma] Nigerian Navy Hydrog Off, Lagos, Nigeria. RP Pe'eri, S (reprint author), Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, 24 Colovos Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM shachak@ccom.unh.edu FU UNH / NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center [NA05NOS4001153] FX This project was partially funded from the UNH / NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center grant NA05NOS4001153. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 EI 1521-060X J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PY 2014 VL 37 IS 3 BP 293 EP 314 DI 10.1080/01490419.2014.902880 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA AM8KK UT WOS:000340123600002 ER PT J AU Rohde, J Fresh, KL Quinn, TP AF Rohde, Jessica Fresh, Kurt L. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Factors Affecting Partial Migration in Puget Sound Coho Salmon SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; OCEANOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES; MARINE DISTRIBUTIONS; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; SURFACE WATERS; FRESH-WATER; BALTIC SEA AB Partial migration, the behavior pattern in which a portion of a population migrates while others do not, is a widespread phenomenon with ecological and evolutionary consequences. Most Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch from Puget Sound, Washington, migrate to feed over the continental shelf or offshore in the North Pacific Ocean, but some remain in the semiestuarine waters of Puget Sound and are termed residents. The objective of this study was to determine which of several factors influenced residency in Puget Sound Coho Salmon. Coded wire tag recovery data showed that resident Coho Salmon were smaller than their migratory counterparts, and we used this size difference and the relative catch patterns along the coast and in Puget Sound to classify Coho Salmon caught in Puget Sound between November and August as residents. We then analyzed the effects of location of origin, day of release, weight at release, hatchery or wild rearing, and year on the proportion of fish caught as residents. Based on 268 release groups between 1975 and 1992, we classified 3.4% of fish recovered as residents, 61.3% as migrants, and 35.3% as ambiguous because they were recovered in Puget Sound in September and October, when residents and migrants were mixed. The proportion of residents varied as a function of year, basin, and day of the year. Releases into south Puget Sound produced the highest proportion of residents, and resident fish tended to be recovered in the basin where they entered Puget Sound. While other factors may influence residency in Coho Salmon, the effects of day of release and location of origin may be useful for management of these populations, as the tendency to remain in Puget Sound or migrate to the coast affects the fisheries in which the fish are taken and their growth rate, their uptake of contaminants, and their role in food webs. C1 [Rohde, Jessica; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Fresh, Kurt L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. RP Rohde, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rohdej@uw.edu FU state of Washington's Salmon Recovery Funding Board; H. Mason Keeler Endowment FX Funding for this project was provided by the state of Washington's Salmon Recovery Funding Board and the H. Mason Keeler Endowment. We thank Joshua Chamberlin for providing data for additional analyses in this manuscript, Peter Westley and Megan Stachura for help with analysis, Mira Courage for initial data entry and organization, and Julian Olden and Miles Logsdon for helpful comments and guidance. We also thank Andy Appleby and Sandra O'Neill (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife), who provided many insights into the phenomenon of resident salmon in Puget Sound, and editor Stephen Riley and two anonymous reviewers for exceptionally extensive and helpful comments. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 559 EP 570 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.892548 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HH UT WOS:000340113000004 ER PT J AU Teel, DJ Bottom, DL Hinton, SA Kuligowski, DR McCabe, GT McNatt, R Roegner, GC Stamatiou, LA Simenstad, CA AF Teel, David J. Bottom, Daniel L. Hinton, Susan A. Kuligowski, David R. McCabe, George T. McNatt, Regan Roegner, G. Curtis Stamatiou, Lia A. Simenstad, Charles A. TI Genetic Identification of Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Estuary: Stock-Specific Distributions of Juveniles in Shallow Tidal Freshwater Habitats SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID FRASER-RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; YUKON RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS; POPULATIONS; WETLANDS; BASIN; WASHINGTON; DIVERGENCE; TRIBUTARY AB Extensive efforts are underway to restore and conserve nearshore shallow water habitats in the Columbia River estuary with the intent of increasing the estuary's capacity to provide food, refuge, and other crucial ecosystem functions for juvenile salmon. Juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, including those from the five Evolutionarily Significant Units listed as threatened or endangered under the U. S. Endangered Species Act, are particularly expected to benefit from the habitat improvements. However, information on the temporal and spatial estuarine distributions of juveniles from specific populations or stocks is lacking and impedes restoration planning for at-risk salmon. We conducted a series of surveys to sample juvenile Chinook Salmon occupying shallow-water habitats with sandy beaches in six hydrogeomorphic reaches across the tidal freshwater portion of the estuary and also at one long-term reference site near the estuary mouth. Sites were sampled bimonthly over 26 months during 2010-2012 to capture seasonal patterns of stock-specific habitat use. Genetic stock identification analyses were conducted on the samples using microsatellite DNA loci and genotypic data representing spawning populations from throughout the Columbia River basin. We identified three tidal freshwater areas that could be distinguished by genetic stock composition. Lower tidal freshwater reaches were dominated by fall-run juveniles from West Cascade tributaries (>70%), upper reaches had a large proportion of fish from the upper Columbia River summer-fall stock (>60%), and middle reaches were characterized by greater stock diversity with no single stock contributing more than 30% in each reach. Stock-specific juvenile habitat use differed by season, life history type, and between natural and hatchery-produced fish. Data from this study provide improved descriptions of the near-shore estuary habitat use of several Columbia River genetic stocks of Chinook Salmon that can assist managers in the design and selection of estuary restoration projects. C1 [Teel, David J.; Kuligowski, David R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Bottom, Daniel L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hinton, Susan A.; McNatt, Regan; Roegner, G. Curtis] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Res Stn, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [McCabe, George T.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [Stamatiou, Lia A.; Simenstad, Charles A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Teel, DJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM david.teel@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX We thank Andrew Claxton, Meegan Corcoran, Brian Kelly, Rick Nelson, Elizabeth Phillips, and Katrina VanRaay for assistance with field work and Mary Ramirez for help with graphics. We also thank Don Van Doornik and Laurie Weitkamp for constructive reviews of the manuscript. We appreciate the contribution of Cynthia Studebaker, technical lead for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, who along with NOAA Fisheries provided funding for this study. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 621 EP 641 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.901258 PG 21 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HH UT WOS:000340113000010 ER PT J AU McBride, RS AF McBride, Richard S. TI Managing a Marine Stock Portfolio: Stock Identification, Structure, and Management of 25 Fishery Species along the Atlantic Coast of the United States SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; CRAB LIMULUS-POLYPHEMUS; SPOTTED SEA-TROUT; FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; ACIPENSER-OXYRINCHUS-OXYRINCHUS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; SHAD ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA AB In this review, stock identification methods used, resulting stock numbers and boundaries, and assessment and management context were explored for all 25 species managed by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC). This included invertebrates and vertebrates distributed between Maine and Florida, with a few species ranging across all these states and some ranging into the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian Maritimes. The effects of larval dispersal or mixing of adults in the marine environment were evident. Marine and catadromous spawners were recognized and treated as a unit stock (e. g., northern shrimp Pandalus borealis, American Eel Anguilla rostrata, Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus, Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix, Tautog Tautoga onitis), a metapopulation (American lobster Homarus americanus, Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus), or two stocks, north and south of Cape Hatteras, a major biogeographic boundary, (Black Sea Bass Centropristis striata, Scup Stenotomus chrysops, Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus, Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus). Estuarine and anadromous spawners were structured and managed at a finer spatial scale (horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus, Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus, American Shad Alosa sapidissima and the river herrings Blueback Herring A. aestivalis and Alewife A. pseudoharengus, and Spotted Seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus). A broad suite of stock identification methods have been applied to ASMFC species and reviewed here in five categories: life history traits, other phenotypic traits, genetic traits, natural marks, and applied marks. An interdisciplinary mix of methods has been achieved for a few species (Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus), but only a few or no stock identification methods have been applied to others (Spiny Dogfish Squalus acanthias, Hickory Shad A. mediocris, Spot Leiostomus xanthurus, Spanish Mackerel Scomberomorus maculatus). Clinal phenotypic variation has contributed to several long-standing debates about stock structure; some of these have been recently reevaluated as a unit stock (Atlantic Croaker Micropogonias undulatus, Weakfish Cynoscion regalis), and others are still debated. For some ASMFC species, other priorities (e. g., bycatch) dominate the uncertainty of the assessment or management process. Otherwise, stock identification remains a research priority for most of these species. Continued research of this subject should consider (1) research priorities tabulated by ASMFC review panels, (2) strategic use of interdisciplinary stock identification methods, (3) use of experiments or reaction norms to separate phenotypes from genotypes, (4) genetic surveys at a seascape scale, (5) demonstration of contingent (nongenetic) structure and its implications for management, and (6) simulation modeling. Obstacles to adopting finer-scale structure into assessments or management of ASMFC fisheries include: (1) multiple stock units are apparent but boundaries are not clear, (2) monitoring requirements for smaller areas or for mixed-stock catches are not cost effective, or (3) mixing rates within a metapopulation or across biogeographic boundaries are poorly described. C1 Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP McBride, RS (reprint author), Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM richard.mcbride@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission; New York Sea Grant; Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration; state of Florida's Marine Research Conservation Trust Fund; St. Johns River Water Management District; National Marine Fisheries Service's Northeast Cooperative Research Program; National Science Foundation [NSF RCN 0742196] FX B. Beal and P. Campfield (ASMFC) encouraged this investigation. Specific experience on ASMFC technical committees was gained while I was employed at the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. Funds supporting my research with ASMFC species were provided by: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, New York Sea Grant, Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration, the state of Florida's Marine Research Conservation Trust Fund, the St. Johns River Water Management District, and most recently, the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northeast Cooperative Research Program and the National Science Foundation (NSF RCN 0742196 to the University of Maine). J. A. Buckel, P. Chase, J. J. Deroba, R. Drew, L. A. Kerr, M. D. Murphy, R. A. Richards, S. Seyoum, G. R. Shepherd, and T. Tuckey provided constructive criticism to improve an earlier draft. J. Henry and S. Rowe assisted with the figures. I thank all of above. NR 319 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 61 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 4 BP 710 EP 734 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.902408 PG 25 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HJ UT WOS:000340113400003 ER PT J AU Warren, DR Harvey, CJ McClure, MM Sanderson, BL AF Warren, D. R. Harvey, C. J. McClure, M. M. Sanderson, B. L. TI Use of an Ecosystem-Based Model to Evaluate Alternative Conservation Strategies for Juvenile Chinook Salmon in a Headwater Stream SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID NONNATIVE BROOK TROUT; NATIVE CUTTHROAT TROUT; PACIFIC SALMON; FOOD WEBS; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; CALIFORNIA STREAMS; RIVER-BASIN; FRESH-WATER; IDAHO AB Declining abundance of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha across the Pacific Northwest is an issue of great concern ecologically, culturally, and economically. Growth during the first summer is vitally important for juvenile Chinook Salmon, as it influences not only life history decisions (to smolt or not to smolt) but also subsequent river and ocean survival. Using Ecopath with Ecosim, we developed a food web model for a representative stream in the Salmon River basin, Idaho, to evaluate potential species-specific and food web effects of three management strategies: (1) adding salmon carcasses or carcass analogs to promote primary production and detrital availability that were lost due to declining salmon returns; (2) removal of nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis, which are competitors with and predators on juvenile Chinook Salmon; and (3) stocking hatchery Chinook Salmon into streams to supplement wild production. Overall, juvenile Chinook Salmon responded strongly to increases in basal resources. Removal of Brook Trout had little effect on potential production for juvenile Chinook Salmon, but the responses of sculpins Cottus spp. were strong, primarily due to the sculpins' high degree of dietary overlap with and predation by Brook Trout. Supplementation with hatchery-origin juveniles depressed the production of wild juvenile Chinook Salmon, especially at the densities commonly applied to streams in this region. Our results suggest that efforts to enhance basal resources are likely to be the most effective in promoting the production of juvenile Chinook Salmon and nearly all food web groups considered in our model system. Removal of nonnative Brook Trout is unlikely to substantially affect salmon but could have a disproportionately large effect on nongame species, which are generally overlooked in single-species management approaches. C1 [Warren, D. R.; Harvey, C. J.; McClure, M. M.; Sanderson, B. L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Warren, DR (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 103 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM dana.warren@oregonstate.edu RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 FU National Academies National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank Carmella Vizza, Jeff Jorgenson, Michael Colvin, Michael Carey, Annika Walters, Matt Kaylor, Holly Coe, and three anonymous reviewers for their contributions to this project. This work was funded by a National Academies National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Northwest Fisheries Science Center, which also provided support for this research. The views presented here do not necessarily reflect those of either funding source. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0275-5947 EI 1548-8675 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PY 2014 VL 34 IS 4 BP 839 EP 852 DI 10.1080/02755947.2014.910574 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM8HJ UT WOS:000340113400014 ER PT J AU Saarikoski, S Carbone, S Cubison, MJ Hillamo, R Keronen, P Sioutas, C Worsnop, DR Jimenez, JL AF Saarikoski, S. Carbone, S. Cubison, M. J. Hillamo, R. Keronen, P. Sioutas, C. Worsnop, D. R. Jimenez, J. L. TI Evaluation of the performance of a particle concentrator for online instrumentation SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; ENRICHMENT SYSTEM VACES; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; COARSE AMBIENT PARTICLES; SIMULTANEOUS IN-VIVO; PARTICULATE MATTER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; VITRO EVALUATION; AIR-POLLUTION AB The performance of the miniature Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (m-VACES; Geller et al., 2005) was investigated in laboratory and field studies using online instruments. Laboratory tests focused on the behavior of monodisperse ammonium sulfate (AS) or dioctyl sebacate (DOS) particles in the m-VACES measured with the aerodynamic particle sizer (APS) and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). The ambient measurements were conducted at an urban site in Helsinki, Finland, where the operation of the m-VACES was explored in conjunction with a Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS) in addition to the SMPS. In laboratory tests, the growth of particles in water vapor produced a stable droplet size distribution independent of the original particle size. However, when the droplets were dried with the goal of measuring the original size distribution, a shift to larger particles was observed for small particle sizes (up to similar to 200 nm in mobility diameter). That growth was probably caused by watersoluble organic compounds absorbed on the water droplets from the gas phase, but not evaporated in the drying phase. In ambient measurements, a similar enrichment was observed for nitrate and sulfate in the m-VACES whereas the presence of acidic ambient particles affected the enrichment of ammonium. Gaseous ammonia was likely to be absorbed on acidic particles in the m-VACES, neutralizing the aerosol. For organics, the enrichment efficiency was comparable with sulfate and nitrate but a small positive artifact for hydrocarbons and nitrogen-containing organic compounds was noticed. Ambient and concentrated organic aerosol (OA) was analyzed further with positive matrix factorization (PMF). A three-factor solution was chosen for both of the data sets but the factors were slightly different for the ambient and concentrated OA, however, the data set used for the PMF analysis was limited in size (3 days) and therefore had substantial uncertainty. Overall, the operation of the m-VACES was not found to lead to any severe sampling artifacts. The effect of acidity could be an issue in locations where the aerosol is acidic, however, in those cases the use of a denuder (which was not used in this study) is recommended. Further ambient tests are needed for the characterization of the m-VACES as the time period for the ambient measurements was only 5 days in this study. Especially for OA additional tests are important as the chemical properties of organics can differ widely depending on time and location. C1 [Saarikoski, S.; Carbone, S.; Hillamo, R.; Worsnop, D. R.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Saarikoski, S.; Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Saarikoski, S.; Cubison, M. J.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Keronen, P.; Worsnop, D. R.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki 00014, Finland. [Sioutas, C.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Saarikoski, S (reprint author), Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. EM sanna.saarikoski@fmi.fi RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Saarikoski, Sanna/A-6706-2015; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017 FU Academy of Finland [130695, 259016]; Graduate School in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Meteorology of Atmospheric Composition and Climate Change (University of Helsinki); Cluster for Energy and Environment (CLEEN Ltd) Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Assessment (MMEA) work package 4.5.2; NSF [AGS-1243354]; NOAA [NA13OAR4310063]; DOE (BER/ASR program) [DE-SC0006035] FX Sanna Saarikoski acknowledges the Academy of Finland for funding this study (grant no. 130695 and 259016) and Samara Carbone thanks the Graduate School in Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Meteorology of Atmospheric Composition and Climate Change (University of Helsinki) for funding. This work was also supported by the the Cluster for Energy and Environment (CLEEN Ltd) Measurement, Monitoring and Environmental Assessment (MMEA) work package 4.5.2. M. J. Cubison and J. L. Jimenez were supported by the NSF AGS-1243354, NOAA NA13OAR4310063, and DOE (BER/ASR program) DE-SC0006035. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 7 BP 2121 EP 2135 DI 10.5194/amt-7-2121-2014 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AM5YN UT WOS:000339937200015 ER PT J AU Risch, D Siebert, U Van Parijs, SM AF Risch, Denise Siebert, Ursula Van Parijs, Sofie M. TI Individual calling behaviour and movements of North Atlantic minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) SO BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE minke whales; Balaenoptera acutorostrata; passive acoustic tracking; vocalization; behaviour; calling patterns; source level; movement; pulse trains ID MIGRATING HUMPBACK WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION; SOUND PRODUCTION; BLUE WHALES; FIN WHALES; SONG; SEA; CONTEXT AB Information on individual calling behaviour and source levels are important for understanding acoustically mediated social interactions of marine mammals, for which visual observations are difficult to obtain. Our study, conducted in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SB-NMS), located in the Gulf of Maine, USA, used passive acoustic arrays to track North Atlantic minke whales and assess the sound production behaviour of individuals. A total of 18 minke whales were acoustically tracked in this study. Individual calling rates were variable, with a median inter-call interval (ICI) of 60.3 s. Average source levels (SLrms) for minke whales pulse trains ranged between 164 and 168 dB re 1 mu Pa, resulting in a minimum detection range of 0.4-10.2 km for these calls in this urban, coastal environment. All tracked animals were actively swimming at a speed of 5.0 +/- 1.2 km/h, which matches swimming speeds of migrating minke whales from other areas and confirms SBNMS as part of the migration route of this species in the Western North Atlantic. Tracked minke whales produced 7 discrete call types belonging to 3 main categories, yet no individual produced all call types. Instead, minke whales produced 2 multisyllabic call sequences (A and B) by combining 3-4 different call types in a non-random order. While 7 of the tracked individuals produced calling pattern A, 10 whales used calling pattern B, and only 1 animal combined call types differently. Animals producing different call sequences were in acoustic range of one another on several occasions, suggesting they may use these sequences for mediating social interactions. The fact that the same calling patterns were shared by several individuals suggests that these patterns may contain information related to sex, age or behavioural context. C1 [Risch, Denise] Integrated Stat, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Siebert, Ursula] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, D-25761 Busum, Germany. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Risch, D (reprint author), Integrated Stat, 172 Shearwater Way, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM denise.risch@noaa.gov FU Office of Naval Research grant - National Oceanographic Partnership Program [N00014-07-1-1029]; U.S. Navy N45 Program; NOAA Ocean Acoustics Program FX This work was supported by an Office of Naval Research grant (number N00014-07-1-1029) awarded by the National Oceanographic Partnership Program. Additional funding was provided by the U.S. Navy N45 Program and the NOAA Ocean Acoustics Program. We thank D. Arch, D. Cholewiak, C. Clark, P. Dugan, H. Figueroa, M. Fowler, L. Hatch, C. Muirhead, A. Murray, S. Mussoline, S. Kibner, W. Krkoska, M. Popescu, J. Stanistreet, C. Tesseglia-Hymes, M. Thompson, C. Tremblay, B. Wallace, J. Walluk, A. Warde, F. Wenzel, D. Wiley and E. Vu for help with various stages of fieldwork and data processing. In addition, many thanks to everyone at the Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology, and the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary for their extensive support over the years. Thanks to M. Simpkins, F. Serchuk and D. Cholewiak for insightful comments that helped improve this manuscript significantly. NR 89 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 46 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0005-7959 EI 1568-539X J9 BEHAVIOUR JI Behaviour PY 2014 VL 151 IS 9 BP 1335 EP 1360 DI 10.1163/1568539X-00003187 PG 26 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA AM4WU UT WOS:000339857700006 ER PT J AU Liu, XX Wang, TX Chow, LC Yang, MS Mitchell, JW AF Liu, Xingxun Wang, Tongxin Chow, Laurence C. Yang, Mingshu Mitchell, James W. TI Effects of Inorganic Fillers on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GRAFTING POLYMERIZATION; POLYLACTIC ACID; L-LACTIDE; HYDROXYAPATITE; PLA; CRYSTALLIZATION; DEGRADATION; COMPOSITE; SCAFFOLDS; STRENGTH AB Addition of filler to polylactic acid (PLA) may affect its crystallization behavior and mechanical properties. The effects of talc and hydroxyapatite (HA) on the thermal and mechanical properties of two types of PLA (one amorphous and one semicrystalline) have been investigated. The composites were prepared by melt blending followed by injection molding. The molecular weight, morphology, mechanical properties, and thermal properties have been characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), instron tensile tester, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It was found that the melting blending led to homogeneous distribution of the inorganic filler within the PLA matrix but decreased the molecular weight of PLA. Regarding the filler, addition of talc increased the crystallinity of PLA, but HA decreased the crystallinity of PLA. The tensile strength of the composites depended on the crystallinity of PLA and the interfacial properties between PLA and the filler, but both talc and HA filler increased the toughness of PLA. C1 [Liu, Xingxun; Wang, Tongxin] Howard Univ, Coll Dent, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Liu, Xingxun; Wang, Tongxin; Mitchell, James W.] Howard Univ, Coll Engn, Crest Ctr Nanomat, Washington, DC 20059 USA. [Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Dr Anthony Volpe Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yang, Mingshu] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, CAS Key Lab Engn Plast, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. RP Wang, TX (reprint author), Howard Univ, Coll Dent, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM twang@howard.edu; yms@iccas.ac.cn RI Liu, Xingxun/B-1780-2015 OI Liu, Xingxun/0000-0001-9101-3525 FU National Institutes of Health [NIH/NIDCR/R01 DE021786] FX This work was financially supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIDCR/R01 DE021786). NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 37 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORP PI NEW YORK PA 315 MADISON AVE 3RD FLR, STE 3070, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1687-9422 EI 1687-9430 J9 INT J POLYM SCI JI Int. J. Polym. Sci. PY 2014 AR 827028 DI 10.1155/2014/827028 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AM3OB UT WOS:000339761100001 ER PT J AU Ansari, Z Seyfabadi, J Owfi, F Rahimi, M Allee, R AF Ansari, Z. Seyfabadi, J. Owfi, F. Rahimi, M. Allee, R. TI Ecological classification of southern intertidal zones of Qeshm Island, based on CMECS model SO IRANIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Surface Geology; Biotic Cover; Biotope; CMECS model; Coastal Zone; Qeshm Island ID COASTS; HABITATS; IKONOS AB The "Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS)", a new approach to ecological classification, was applied to 122 km of the southern intertidal zone of Qeshm Island located the Hormouz Strait - the Persian Gulf. Two components of this model, Surface Geology (SGC) and Biotic Cover (BCC) were used. Considering the extent and geomorphological alternations of the covered area, 12 sampling sites within 5 subregions were designated using by GPS. In total, 60 habitats (biotopes) with 47 codes were determined; this variety of biotopes is directly related to the diverse surface geology (substrate) of the covered area. Most of the biotopes and codes were recorded in the mideastern coastal zone, due to heterogeneity in substrate structure associated with numerous ecological niches in rocky shores. Crustacean species such as Eriphia smithi, Thalamita prymna, Molluscan species such as Clypeomorous bifisciatus, Cerithium caeruleum and echinoderm species such as Echinometra mathaei and Ophiactis sp. were characteristic of rocky shores, while Crustacea groups including Ocypode rotundata and Dotilla sp., and Umbonium vestiarium (Mollusca) were characteristic of sandy shores. Although the highest number of codes was recorded in Zeitun Park site (Eastern coast), it did not possess the expected specific species (such as Diadema setosum, Linckia multiflora and Ophiocoma scolopendrina), that were encountered in sites with similar surface geology. This could have been caused by tourist traffic at the Zeitun Park site. C1 [Ansari, Z.; Seyfabadi, J.; Rahimi, M.] Tarbiat Modares Univ, Fac Nat Resource & Marine Sci, Dept Marine Biol Sci, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran. [Owfi, F.] IFRO, Dept Ecol, Tehran, Iran. [Allee, R.] NOAA, Jacksonville, FL USA. RP Owfi, F (reprint author), IFRO, Dept Ecol, POB 14155-6116, Tehran, Iran. EM sillaginid@hotmail.com OI owfi, Fereidoon/0000-0003-0852-4856 NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU IRANIAN FISHERIES SCIENCE RESEARCH INST-IFSRI PI TEHRAN PA IRANIAN FISH SCI RES INST,TEHRAN-KARAJ HWY, EXIT PAYKAN SHAHR, SARVENAZ AVE, SARVE AZAD AVE, W 8 ST, TEHRAN, 00000, IRAN SN 1562-2916 J9 IRAN J FISH SCI JI Iran. J. Fish. Sci. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 BP 1 EP 19 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM2CV UT WOS:000339657400001 ER PT S AU Tuccella, P Grell, GA Mckeen, SA Ahmadov, R Curci, G Visconti, G AF Tuccella, Paolo Grell, Georg A. Mckeen, Stuart A. Ahmadov, Ravan Curci, Gabriele Visconti, Guido BE Steyn, DG Builtjes, PJH Timmermans, RMA TI Toward a New Chemical Mechanism in WRF/Chem for Direct and Indirect Aerosol Effects: A Focus on the Carbonaceous Aerosols SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXII SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS SP N Atlantic Treaty Org Sci Peace & Secur, TNO, VVM, Univ British Columbia, Earth, Environm & Life Sci, Univ British Columbia, Space Sci, Environm Canada, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut DE WRF/Chem; SOA; VBS; Atmospheric chemistry modeling; Indirect aerosol effect; Carbonaceous aerosols AB An updated version of Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry model (WRF/Chem) with a new parameterization for the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production based on the Volatility Basis Set (VBS) is evaluated over Europe in May-June 2003. Results are compared against surface observations issued from the EC/OC 2002-2003 campaign of European Monitoring and Evaluation Program (EMEP). WRF/Chem underestimates the elemental carbon (EC) and the organic aerosol mass (OA) by -7 and -38 %, respectively. The analysis of OA: EC ratio reveals that the under prediction may be mainly explained by a misrepresentation of anthropogenic emissions of carbonaceous aerosols due to the coarse resolution of the inventory. The modeled concentration of OA constituent is nearly constant during the day. The predicted SOA/OA ratio has a value of similar to 80 %. The biogenic SOA (BSOA) are 30 % of the total OA mass. Dry deposition velocity of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) oxidation products is a source of uncertain in the SOA budget. C1 [Tuccella, Paolo; Curci, Gabriele; Visconti, Guido] Univ Aquila, CETEMPS Dip Fis, Via Vetoio, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. [Grell, Georg A.; Mckeen, Stuart A.; Ahmadov, Ravan] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Grell, Georg A.; Mckeen, Stuart A.; Ahmadov, Ravan] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RP Tuccella, P (reprint author), Univ Aquila, CETEMPS Dip Fis, Via Vetoio, I-67010 Coppito, Italy. EM paolo.tuccella@aquila.infn.it RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Curci, Gabriele/A-2020-2011; Tuccella, Paolo/O-7092-2016 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Curci, Gabriele/0000-0001-9871-5570; Tuccella, Paolo/0000-0003-0951-8773 FU University of L'Aquila (Italy); Regione Abruzzo in the frame of " Higher Education Project"; Italian Space Agency in the frame of the PRIMES [I/017/11/0] FX This work was founded by University of L'Aquila (Italy) and Regione Abruzzo in the frame of " Higher Education Project" (P.O.F.S.E 2007-2013), and Italian Space Agency in the frame of the PRIMES (contract I/017/11/0) projects. Paolo Tuccella is grateful to NOAA for the hospitality. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-5576-5; 978-94-007-5577-2 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2014 BP 147 EP 151 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_25 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA9HI UT WOS:000339389900025 ER PT S AU Lee, P Kim, H Eskes, H AF Lee, Pius Kim, Hyuncheol Eskes, Henk BE Steyn, DG Builtjes, PJH Timmermans, RMA TI Ingestion of Intermittent Wild Fire Sources Inside and Outside the Forecasting Domain SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXII SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS SP N Atlantic Treaty Org Sci Peace & Secur, TNO, VVM, Univ British Columbia, Earth, Environm & Life Sci, Univ British Columbia, Space Sci, Environm Canada, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut DE Intermittent sources; Wild fire; Dynamic boundary condition AB In this study we address the real-time emission capturing of intra- and exo-domain wild fires in the US National Air Quality Forecasting Capability (NAQFC). C1 [Lee, Pius] NOAA, Air Resource Lab, 1315 East West Highway,Room 3316, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kim, Hyuncheol] Incorp, Earth Resources Technol, Annapolis, MD USA. [Eskes, Henk] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, Bilt, Netherlands. RP Lee, P (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resource Lab, 1315 East West Highway,Room 3316, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM pius.lee@noaa.gov RI Kim, Hyun/G-1315-2012; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016 OI Kim, Hyun/0000-0003-3968-6145; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-5576-5; 978-94-007-5577-2 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2014 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_44 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA9HI UT WOS:000339389900043 ER PT S AU Jorba, O Perez, C Haustein, K Janjic, Z MariaBaldasano, J Dabdub, D Badia, A Spada, M AF Jorba, Oriol Perez, Carlos Haustein, Karsten Janjic, Zavisa MariaBaldasano, Jose Dabdub, Donald Badia, Alba Spada, Michele BE Steyn, DG Builtjes, PJH Timmermans, RMA TI Multiscale Air Quality with the NMMB/BSC Chemical Transport Model SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXII SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS SP N Atlantic Treaty Org Sci Peace & Secur, TNO, VVM, Univ British Columbia, Earth, Environm & Life Sci, Univ British Columbia, Space Sci, Environm Canada, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut DE NMMB/BSC-model; Global modeling; Regional modeling; Aerosols AB The NMMB/BSC Chemical Transport Model (NMMB/BSC-CTM) is a new air quality modeling system under development at the Earth Sciences Department of BSC in collaboration with several research institutions. It is an on-line model based on the NCEP new global/regional Nonhydrostatic Multiscale Model on the B grid (NMMB). NMMB is an evolution of the WRF-NMMe model extending from meso to global scales. Its unified nonhydrostatic dynamical core allows regional and global simulations and forecasts. NMMB/BSC-CTM incorporates an aerosol module that simulates the global life cycle of mineral dust, sea salt, black carbon and organic carbon, and sulfate. Additionally, a gas-phase chemistry module has been implemented. C1 [Jorba, Oriol; Haustein, Karsten; Badia, Alba; Spada, Michele] BSC, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona 08034, Spain. [Perez, Carlos] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Janjic, Zavisa] Natl Centers Environm Predict, NOAA NWS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Dabdub, Donald] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Irvine, CA 92602 USA. [MariaBaldasano, Jose] Barcelona Supercomputing Ctr, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona, Spain. [MariaBaldasano, Jose] Tech Univ Catalonia, Environm Modeling Lab, Barcelona, Spain. RP Jorba, O (reprint author), BSC, Dept Earth Sci, Barcelona 08034, Spain. EM oriol.jorba@bsc.es FU Spanish Ministry of Economy [CGL2008- 02818- CLI, CGL2010- 19652] FX This work is funded by grants CGL2008- 02818- CLI and CGL2010- 19652 of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. All the numerical simulations were performed with the Mare Nostrum supercomputer hosted by the BSC. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-5576-5; 978-94-007-5577-2 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2014 BP 315 EP 319 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_53 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA9HI UT WOS:000339389900052 ER PT S AU Forkel, R Werhahn, J McKeen, SA Peckham, SE Grell, GA Suppan, P AF Forkel, R. Werhahn, J. McKeen, S. A. Peckham, S. E. Grell, G. A. Suppan, P. BE Steyn, DG Builtjes, PJH Timmermans, RMA TI A Case Study on the Impact of Aerosol-Radiation Feedback on Meteorology and Regional Pollutant Distributions SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XXII SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd NATO/SPS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and its Application CY MAY 07-11, 2012 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS SP N Atlantic Treaty Org Sci Peace & Secur, TNO, VVM, Univ British Columbia, Earth, Environm & Life Sci, Univ British Columbia, Space Sci, Environm Canada, European Assoc Sci Air Pollut DE WRF/CHEM; Aerosol-radiation feedback AB The impact of aerosol-radiation feedback on meteorology and subsequent changes in pollutant distributions over Europe and the North Atlantic were investigated with WRF/Chem. The case studies for two summer months show that the direct effect of aerosol particles on solar radiation is dominated by semi-direct effects that are developing after a few days. Strong deviations from the baseline case, which does not include any feedback, were found for the global radiation over the North Atlantic and Northern Europe when the indirect aerosol radiative effect is considered. C1 [Forkel, R.; Werhahn, J.; Suppan, P.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [McKeen, S. A.; Peckham, S. E.; Grell, G. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Forkel, R (reprint author), Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res IMK IFU, Kreuzeckbahnstr 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. EM renate.forkel@kit.edu; peter.suppan@kit.edu RI Suppan, Peter/A-7178-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Forkel, Renate/A-8743-2013 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Forkel, Renate/0000-0001-6452-344X FU German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) FX The present study was partly financed by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Also we like to acknowledge the AQMEII initiative for initiating this modelling exercise. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-94-007-5576-5; 978-94-007-5577-2 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2014 BP 357 EP 361 DI 10.1007/978-94-007-5577-2_60 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BA9HI UT WOS:000339389900059 ER PT B AU Weerts, AH Seo, DJ Werner, M Schaake, J AF Weerts, Albrecht H. Seo, Dong-Jun Werner, Micha Schaake, John BE Beven, K Hall, J TI Operational Hydrologic Ensemble Forecasting SO APPLIED UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STOCHASTIC HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL MODEL; KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; DRESSING KERNEL; FLOOD; ASSIMILATION; UNCERTAINTY; WEATHER; SKILL; REFORECASTS C1 [Weerts, Albrecht H.; Werner, Micha] Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. [Seo, Dong-Jun] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Schaake, John] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Weerts, AH (reprint author), Deltares, Delft, Netherlands. NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-271-6; 978-1-84816-270-9 PY 2014 BP 387 EP 406 D2 10.1142/p588 PG 20 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA7OH UT WOS:000337677700016 ER PT B AU Hartman, R Schaake, J AF Hartman, Robert Schaake, John BE Beven, K Hall, J TI Case Study: Decision Making for Flood Forecasting in the US National Weather Service SO APPLIED UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS FOR FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Hartman, Robert; Schaake, John] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Hartman, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMPERIAL COLL PRESS PI COVENT GARDEN PA 57 SHELTON STREET, COVENT GARDEN WC2H 9HE, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84816-271-6; 978-1-84816-270-9 PY 2014 BP 499 EP 505 D2 10.1142/p588 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BA7OH UT WOS:000337677700019 ER PT S AU Marro, J Okoro, C Obeng, Y Richardson, K Chamma, K AF Marro, J. Okoro, C. Obeng, Y. Richardson, K. Chamma, K. BE Misra, D Chen, Z Chikyow, T Bauza, D Obeng, Y Iwai, H TI Temperature Dependence of Defect Evolution and Distribution in Thermally Cycled Cu-TSVs SO DIELECTRICS FOR NANOSYSTEMS 6: MATERIALS SCIENCE, PROCESSING, RELIABILITY, AND MANUFACTURING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Dielectrics for Nanosystems - Materials Science, Processing, Reliability and Manufacturing held as part of the 225th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY MAY 11-15, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electron & Photon Div AB Copper (Cu) through-silicon vias (TSV) were thermally cycled using three cycling profiles, which were differentiated by peak cycling temperature. Signal loss in the TSVs escalated with peak cycling temperature for some samples due to the resulting increased void content. This void area increase was attributed to the formation of new voids and not growth of pre-existing voids. The Cu microstructure in the TSVs appeared to be unaffected by the cycling. The Cu was not preferentially oriented and contained a substantial amount of twins. C1 [Marro, J.; Richardson, K.; Chamma, K.] Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Glass Proc & Characterizat Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Marro, J.; Richardson, K.] Clemson Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Okoro, C.; Obeng, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marro, J (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, CREOL, Coll Opt & Photon, Glass Proc & Characterizat Lab, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division [60NANB12H016N] FX Financial support for this work was provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology ( NIST) Semiconductor and Dimensional Metrology Division, grant no. 60NANB12H016N. The authors also thank Mr. Binayak Kandel ( a NIST APS summer intern) for his aid in data collection. Dr. Daniel Josell and Ms. Sandra Clagget from NIST assisted in the development of the TSV cross- sectioning technique. We would like to thank Dr. JoAn Hudson, Dr. Taghi Darroudi, and Mr. Donald Mulwee for providing their services at the Electron Microscope ( EM) lab in Clemson University's Advanced Materials Research Laboratory ( AMRL). NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-517-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 2 BP 177 EP 184 DI 10.1149/06102.0177ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA9GY UT WOS:000339377500019 ER PT S AU Kopanski, J You, L Ahn, JJ Hitz, E Obeng, Y AF Kopanski, Joseph You, Lin Ahn, Jung-Joon Hitz, Emily Obeng, Yaw BE Misra, D Chen, Z Chikyow, T Bauza, D Obeng, Y Iwai, H TI Scanning Probe Microscopes for Subsurface Imaging SO DIELECTRICS FOR NANOSYSTEMS 6: MATERIALS SCIENCE, PROCESSING, RELIABILITY, AND MANUFACTURING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Dielectrics for Nanosystems - Materials Science, Processing, Reliability and Manufacturing held as part of the 225th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY MAY 11-15, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electron & Photon Div AB Scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) have some ability to image sub-surface structures. This paper describes the theoretical and practical basis for imaging metal lines buried beneath insulating layers and for imaging insulating regions or voids within metal with SPMs. Three techniques are discussed: scanning Kelvin force microscopy (SKFM) to image the potential of buried metal lines, scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) to image the capacitance of buried metal lines, and SMM to image voids in metals through the frequency dependence of the skin depth. A test chip, designed at NIST, and that contains buried structures to precisely produce electric potential and magnetic field variations at the surface to test the presumptions is described, along with some preliminary results. C1 [Kopanski, Joseph; You, Lin; Ahn, Jung-Joon; Hitz, Emily; Obeng, Yaw] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kopanski, J (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-517-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 2 BP 185 EP 193 DI 10.1149/06102.0185ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA9GY UT WOS:000339377500020 ER PT S AU Barron, SC Gorham, JM Green, ML AF Barron, S. C. Gorham, J. M. Green, M. L. BE Misra, D Chen, Z Chikyow, T Bauza, D Obeng, Y Iwai, H TI Thermochromic Phase Transitions in VO2-based Thin Films for Energy-Saving Applications SO DIELECTRICS FOR NANOSYSTEMS 6: MATERIALS SCIENCE, PROCESSING, RELIABILITY, AND MANUFACTURING SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Dielectrics for Nanosystems - Materials Science, Processing, Reliability and Manufacturing held as part of the 225th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society (ECS) CY MAY 11-15, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electron & Photon Div ID COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH AB The thermochromic transition in vanadium dioxide (VO2) has potential application as a smart energy-saving window coating, but the temperature of the transition must be depressed from 68 degrees C to Earth ambient temperatures by the incorporation of transition metal impurities. In this paper, we describe a high throughput combinatorial experiment to characterize the V1-xMxO2 phase space, in which M is another metal, for thermochromic transitions. Thin film combinatorial libraries were prepared by pulsed laser deposition on hot silicon substrates, and the M impurities were found to substitute into the VO2 crystalline lattice on the V-site. For M = Ta, Nb, and W, the thermochromic transition temperature was depressed with increasing M concentration. Doping with multiple M atoms is also easily accomplished by combinatorial synthesis and was found to have unexpected effects on the thermochromic transition. C1 [Barron, S. C.; Gorham, J. M.; Green, M. L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barron, SC (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-517-3 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 2 BP 387 EP 393 DI 10.1149/06102.0387ecst PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Electrochemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BA9GY UT WOS:000339377500039 ER PT S AU Kriese, M Platonov, Y Ehlers, B Jiang, LC Rodriguez, J Mueller, U Daniel, J Khatri, S Magruder, A Grantham, S Tarrio, C Lucatorto, T AF Kriese, Michael Platonov, Yuriy Ehlers, Bodo Jiang, Licai Rodriguez, Jim Mueller, Ulrich Daniel, Jay Khatri, Shayna Magruder, Adam Grantham, Steven Tarrio, Charles Lucatorto, Thomas BE Wood, OR Panning, EM TI Development of an EUVL collector with infrared radiation suppression SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography V CY FEB 24-27, 2014 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Rigaku Corp DE EUV; collector; infra-red; IR suppression; multilayer; MoSi; grating; smoothening ID MULTILAYER BRAGG REFLECTORS AB Laser-produced plasma (LPP) sources for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) systems utilize CO2 lasers operating with wavelength 10.6 mu m. Since multilayer-coated optics have high reflectivity for this infrared radiation (IR), a significant and detrimental amount of IR is passed through the EUVL system. One method to remove the IR from the system is to utilize a binary diffraction grating. When this grating is applied directly to the surface of the primary collector optic of the source, the majority of the IR is diverted outside the radius of the exit aperture at the intermediate focus (IF). This paper will report details on the performance of a full size (410mm diameter) Demonstration Collector utilizing IR rejection (IRR) technology with the capability to produce over 125X suppression of IR, equaling the performance of a IR spectral filter. Additional details will be reported on the technology development and use of a glassy smoothing layer to enable high EUV performance, a weighted average multilayer reflectance of 50.9% for unpolarized EUV radiation. C1 [Kriese, Michael; Platonov, Yuriy; Ehlers, Bodo; Jiang, Licai; Rodriguez, Jim] Rigaku Innovat Technol, 1900 Taylor Rd, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. [Mueller, Ulrich; Daniel, Jay; Khatri, Shayna; Magruder, Adam] L 3 Commun Integrat Optic Syst, Richmond, CA 94806 USA. [Grantham, Steven; Tarrio, Charles; Lucatorto, Thomas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kriese, M (reprint author), Rigaku Innovat Technol, 1900 Taylor Rd, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. EM Michael.Kriese@Rigaku.com NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9971-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9048 AR UNSP 90483C DI 10.1117/12.2049279 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA BA9EX UT WOS:000339325800093 ER PT S AU Tarrio, C Grantham, S Germer, TA Rife, J Lucatorto, TB Kriese, M Platonov, Y Jiang, L Rodriguez, J AF Tarrio, C. Grantham, S. Germer, T. A. Rife, J. Lucatorto, T. B. Kriese, M. Platonov, Y. Jiang, L. Rodriguez, J. BE Wood, OR Panning, EM TI Improved measurement capabilities at the NIST EUV Reflectometry Facility SO EXTREME ULTRAVIOLET (EUV) LITHOGRAPHY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography V CY FEB 24-27, 2014 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, Rigaku Corp DE Extreme ultraviolet; at-wavelength metrology; collector optics; source metrology AB The NIST Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Reflectometry Facility was designed in the 1990s to accommodate the largest multilayer optics envisioned at that time. However, with increasing power requirements for an EUV scanner, source collection optics have grown larger and more steeply curved than the original design would allow. To accommodate these changes, the mechanical and operational parameters of the facility have been upgraded. To access the entire surface of a larger optic, an auxiliary off-axis rotation stage has been installed allowing an increase in maximum optic size from 350 mm to 450 mm. Likewise, to deal with the deeper sags and steeper slopes of these optics, we have had to significantly expand our data analysis capabilities. In order to make these measurements, the incident radiation is reflected out of the vertical plane, allowing for measurements of effectively unpolarized radiation, an advantage for EUV lithography optics such as source collectors. C1 [Tarrio, C.; Grantham, S.; Germer, T. A.; Rife, J.; Lucatorto, T. B.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8411, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kriese, M.; Platonov, Y.; Jiang, L.; Rodriguez, J.] Rigaku Innovat Technol, Auburn Hills, MI 48326 USA. RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8411, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.tarrio@nist.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9971-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9048 AR UNSP 90481I DI 10.1117/12.2046290 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA BA9EX UT WOS:000339325800044 ER PT J AU Bao, YH Lew, HS Kunnath, SK AF Bao, Yihai Lew, H. S. Kunnath, Sashi K. TI Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Assemblies under Column-Removal Scenario SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Reinforced concrete structures; Finite element method; Nonlinear analysis; Disproportionate collapse; Seismic design; Catenary action; Compressive arching action; Structural safety and reliability ID PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE; FRAME STRUCTURES; BEHAVIOR AB This paper presents a computational investigation of two reinforced concrete beam-column assemblies, each comprising three columns and two beams, subjected to monotonically increasing vertical displacement of the unsupported center column simulating a column removal scenario. One assembly was part of an intermediate moment frame and the other was part of a special moment frame. Two types of models were developed: (1) detailed models with highly refined solid and beam elements to represent the nonlinear material behavior of concrete and reinforcement, and (2) reduced-order models with significantly fewer beam and spring elements to represent the nonlinear behavior of structural components. Reduced models are desirable for analysis of complete three-dimensional (3D) structural systems. Modeling approaches for the detailed and reduced models are described, and the computational results are compared with experimental data from full-scale tests. Good agreement is observed, which demonstrates the capability of the detailed and reduced models to capture the primary response characteristics and failure modes, including the successive development of compressive arching action and catenary action in the beams and the fracture of reinforcing bars at the beam-column interface. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Bao, Yihai; Lew, H. S.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kunnath, Sashi K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lew, HS (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yihai.bao@nist.gov; hsl@nist.gov; skkunnath@ucdavis.edu FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0928953]; NIST; Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate [HSHQDC-10-X-00370] FX The work presented herein was partially funded by the National Science Foundation through grant CMMI-0928953. The concrete assembly tests were supported by NIST and the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate under Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-10-X-00370 with NIST. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the sponsors. Valuable suggestions and review comments from Drs. Joseph Main and Fahim Sadek of NIST in the development of the numerical models are gratefully acknowledged. NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 25 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 IS 1 AR 04013026 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000773 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AM1TA UT WOS:000339630000002 ER PT J AU Gabbai, RD Simiu, E AF Gabbai, Rene D. Simiu, Emil TI Evaluation of Mean Recurrence Intervals of Wind Effects for Tall Building Design SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Confidence bounds; Flexible buildings; Mean recurrence interval; Risk consistency; Structural dynamics; Strength design; Structural reliability; Tall buildings; Uncertainties; Wind effects AB Mean recurrence intervals (MRIs) of wind effects for the strength design (SD) of flexible buildings by the wind-tunnel method are based on estimates of total uncertainties that do not account for uncertainties in the dynamic parameters. This paper presents a procedure for assessing this practice. The procedure accounts for the probability distributions of total uncertainties in basic wind effects corresponding to MRIs of 50 or 100 years. The total uncertainties are estimated for two cases. For Case 1, only uncertainties in the wind loading are taken into account. For Case 2, uncertainties in both the wind loading and the dynamic parameters are considered. Cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the total uncertainties in the basic wind effects are determined by Monte Carlo simulation. To assure risk consistency, the MRIs of wind effects considered for SD correspond in both cases to the same upper confidence bound of the basic wind effects. For a 305-m-tall symmetrical steel building, the requisite MRIs are larger for Case 2 than for Case 1 by at most 80%. These increases corresponded to wind effects considered for SD larger for Case 2 than for Case 1 by at most 6%. (C) 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers. C1 [Gabbai, Rene D.] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Simiu, Emil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simiu, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Rene.Gabbai@GenesisOilandGas.com; emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 IS 1 AR 04013037 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000818 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AM1TA UT WOS:000339630000014 ER PT J AU Lopes, T Sansinena, JM Mukundan, R Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Garzon, FH AF Lopes, Thiago Sansinena, Jose-Maria Mukundan, Rangachary Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Garzon, Fernando H. TI Diagnosing the Effects of Ammonia Exposure on PEFC Cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE FUEL-CELL; PEMFC CONTAMINATION MODEL; OXYGEN REDUCTION KINETICS; PERFLUORINATED IONOMER; IMPURITY CATIONS; PERFORMANCE; EXCHANGE; ELECTRODES; PLATINUM; CATALYST AB The performance degradation and recovery of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell exposed to ammonia is described. The effect of ammonia contamination on each component of the MEA was studied using Neutron Imaging, lifetime tests, cell polarization measurements, potentiostatic measurements, and AC impedance spectroscopy. It is found that among the detrimental effects of the contaminant, mass transport and ORR kinectic are mostly affected. Reductions in electrolyte conductivity are not playing a major role in cell performance losses for the low levels of contamination studied here. Shifts in electrolyte proton activity reduce oxygen reduction reaction mixed equilibrium potential and so cell potential. In addition, cell potential might also be affected by overpotentials on the oxygen reduction reaction caused by oxidation of ammonia at cell potential above 0.7 V. It is demonstrated that cell initial performance can be recovered after contamination and ammonia-contaminated PEFC recovering mechanisms are discussed. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Lopes, Thiago] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Quim Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Lopes, Thiago; Sansinena, Jose-Maria; Mukundan, Rangachary; Garzon, Fernando H.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Mat Phys & Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lopes, T (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM tlopeschem@gmail.com; garzon@lanl.gov RI Lopes, Thiago/I-6350-2013; OI Lopes, Thiago/0000-0002-1049-4679; Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program; Brazilian government agency CAPES [1151-08-8] FX The authors acknowledge the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Program for support of this research and thank Dr. Nancy Garland the Technology Development manager. Thiago Lopes also thanks the Brazilian government agency CAPES, process number 1151-08-8, for granting him a one year fellowship at Los Alamos National Laboratory. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 6 BP F703 EP F709 DI 10.1149/2.028406jes PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AM0BV UT WOS:000339508600088 ER PT S AU Hoving, HJT Perez, JAA Bolstad, KSR Braid, HE Evans, AB Fuchs, D Judkins, H Kelly, JT Marian, JEAR Nakajima, R Piatkowski, U Reid, A Vecchione, M Xavier, JCC AF Hoving, Henk-Jan T. Perez, Jose Angel A. Bolstad, Kathrin S. R. Braid, Heather E. Evans, Aaron B. Fuchs, Dirk Judkins, Heather Kelly, Jesse T. Marian, Jose E. A. R. Nakajima, Ryuta Piatkowski, Uwe Reid, Amanda Vecchione, Michael Xavier, Jose C. C. BE Vidal, EAG TI The Study of Deep-Sea Cephalopods SO ADVANCES IN CEPHALOPOD SCIENCE: BIOLOGY, ECOLOGY, CULTIVATION AND FISHERIES SE Advances in Marine Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE Cephalopoda; Deep sea; Diversity; Collection methods; Reproduction; Longevity; Trophic ecology; Evolution; Biogeography ID GIANT-SQUID ARCHITEUTHIS; CENTRAL-EAST ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; TODARODES-SAGITTATUS CEPHALOPODA; VAMPYROTEUTHIS-INFERNALIS CHUN; DOSIDICUS-GIGAS CEPHALOPODA; NEW-ZEALAND WATERS; PETRELS PROCELLARIA-AEQUINOCTIALIS; LYCOTEUTHIS-LORIGERA STEENSTRUP; UPPER CRETACEOUS PLATTENKALKS AB "Deep-sea" cephalopods are here defined as cephalopods that spend a significant part of their life cycles outside the euphotic zone. In this chapter, the state of knowledge in several aspects of deep-sea cephalopod research are summarized, including information sources for these animals, diversity and general biogeography and life cycles, including reproduction. Recommendations are made for addressing some of the remaining knowledge deficiencies using a variety of traditional and more recently developed methods. The types of oceanic gear that are suitable for collecting cephalopod specimens and images are reviewed. Many groups of deep-sea cephalopods require taxonomic reviews, ideally based on both morphological and molecular characters. Museum collections play a vital role in these revisions, and novel (molecular) techniques may facilitate new use of old museum specimens. Fundamental life-cycle parameters remain unknown for many species; techniques developed for neritic species that could potentially be applied to deep-sea cephalopods are discussed. Reproductive tactics and strategies in deep-sea cephalopods are very diverse and call for comparative evolutionary and experimental studies, but even in the twenty-first century, mature individuals are still unknown for many species. New insights into diet and trophic position have begun to reveal a more diverse range of feeding strategies than the typically voracious predatory lifestyle known for many cephalopods. Regular standardized deep-sea cephalopod surveys are necessary to provide insight into temporal changes in oceanic cephalopod populations and to forecast, verify and monitor the impacts of global marine changes and human impacts on these populations. C1 [Hoving, Henk-Jan T.; Piatkowski, Uwe] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Perez, Jose Angel A.] Mar Univ Vale Itajai, Ctr Ciencias Tecnol Terra, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brazil. [Bolstad, Kathrin S. R.; Braid, Heather E.; Evans, Aaron B.; Kelly, Jesse T.] Auckland Univ Technol, Inst Appl Ecol New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand. [Fuchs, Dirk] Free Univ Berlin, Inst Geol Sci, Branch Paleontol, Berlin, Germany. [Judkins, Heather] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Marian, Jose E. A. R.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Nakajima, Ryuta] Univ Minnesota, Dept Art & Design, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Reid, Amanda] Australian Museum Res Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Vecchione, Michael] Natl Museum Nat Hist, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Xavier, Jose C. C.] Univ Coimbra, Dept Life Sci, Inst Marine Res, Coimbra, Portugal. [Xavier, Jose C. C.] British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Hoving, HJT (reprint author), Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. EM hhoving@geomar.de RI Piatkowski, Uwe/G-4161-2011; Marian, Jose Eduardo/C-7047-2013; OI Piatkowski, Uwe/0000-0003-1558-5817; Marian, Jose Eduardo/0000-0001-7894-0391 NR 582 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 70 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2881 BN 978-0-12-800287-2 J9 ADV MAR BIOL JI Adv. Mar. Biol. PY 2014 VL 67 BP 235 EP 359 DI 10.1016/B978-0-12-800287-2.00003-2 PG 125 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BA7DS UT WOS:000337493800004 PM 24880796 ER PT S AU Stuhl, BK Hummon, MT Ye, J AF Stuhl, Benjamin K. Hummon, Matthew T. Ye, Jun BE Johnson, MA Martinez, TJ TI Cold State-Selected Molecular Collisions and Reactions SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 65 SE Annual Review of Physical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE quantum chemistry; cryogenic chemistry; evaporative cooling; state-selected beams; Stark deceleration; buffer-gas cooling; molecule traps; laser cooling ID INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; ULTRACOLD MOLECULES; DIPOLAR COLLISIONS; PENNING IONIZATION; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; SUPERSONIC BEAMS; POLAR-MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; GAS; ATOMS AB Over the past decade, and particularly the past five years, a quiet revolution has been building at the border between atomic physics and experimental quantum chemistry. The rapid development of techniques for producing cold and even ultracold molecules without a perturbing rare-gas cluster shell is now enabling the study of chemical reactions and scattering at the quantum scattering limit with only a few partial waves contributing to the incident channel. Moreover, the ability to perform these experiments with nonthermal distributions comprising one or a few specific states enables the observation and even full control of state-to-state collision rates in this computation-friendly regime: This is perhaps the most elementary study possible of scattering and reaction dynamics. C1 [Stuhl, Benjamin K.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stuhl, Benjamin K.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hummon, Matthew T.; Ye, Jun] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hummon, Matthew T.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stuhl, BK (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; OI HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500 NR 144 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 9 U2 52 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0897 USA SN 0066-426X BN 978-0-8243-1065-3 J9 ANNU REV PHYS CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. PY 2014 VL 65 BP 501 EP 518 DI 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040513-103744 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BA4XS UT WOS:000336426700022 PM 24423374 ER PT J AU Witte, MK Chuang, PY Feingold, G AF Witte, M. K. Chuang, P. Y. Feingold, G. TI On clocks and clouds SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL AB Cumulus clouds exhibit a life cycle that consists of (a) the growth phase (increasing size, most notably in the vertical direction); (b) the mature phase (growth ceases; any precipitation that develops is strongest during this period); and (c) the dissipation phase (cloud dissipates because of precipitation and/or entrainment; no more dynamical support). Although radar can track clouds over time and give some sense of the age of a cloud, most aircraft in situ measurements lack temporal context. We use large eddy simulations of trade wind cumulus cloud fields from cases during the Barbados Oceanographic and Meteorological Experiment (BOMEX) and Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) campaigns to demonstrate a potential cumulus cloud "clock." We find that the volume-averaged total water mixing ratio r(t) is a useful cloud clock for the 12 clouds studied. A cloud's initial r(t) is set by the subcloud mixed-layer mean r(t) and decreases monotonically from the initial value due primarily to entrainment. The clock is insensitive to aerosol loading, environmental sounding and extrinsic cloud properties such as lifetime and volume. In some cases (more commonly for larger clouds), multiple pulses of buoyancy occur, which complicate the cumulus clock by replenishing r(t). The clock is most effectively used to classify clouds by life phase. C1 [Witte, M. K.; Chuang, P. Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Witte, MK (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM mkwitte@ucsc.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Witte, Mikael/0000-0001-8795-6539 FU NOAA's Climate Goal; NSF Physical Meteorology Program FX The authors thank Hongli Jiang for model output. G. Feingold acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. M. Witte and P. Chuang acknowledge support from NSF Physical Meteorology Program. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 13 BP 6729 EP 6738 DI 10.5194/acp-14-6729-2014 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL6LR UT WOS:000339244600015 ER PT J AU Titos, G Jefferson, A Sheridan, PJ Andrews, E Lyamani, H Alados-Arboledas, L Ogren, JA AF Titos, G. Jefferson, A. Sheridan, P. J. Andrews, E. Lyamani, H. Alados-Arboledas, L. Ogren, J. A. TI Aerosol light-scattering enhancement due to water uptake during the TCAP campaign SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FILTER-BASED MEASUREMENTS; ALPINE SITE JUNGFRAUJOCH; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; AMBIENT AEROSOL; IN-SITU; NEPHELOMETER; COEFFICIENT AB Aerosol optical properties were measured by the DOE/ARM (US Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurements) Program Mobile Facility during the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) campaign deployed at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, for a 1-year period (from summer 2012 to summer 2013). Measured optical properties included aerosol light-absorption coefficient (sigma(ap)) at low relative humidity (RH) and aerosol light-scattering coefficient (sigma(sp)) at low and at RH values varying from 30 to 85 %, approximately. Calculated variables included the single scattering albedo (SSA), the scattering Angstrom exponent (SAE) and the scattering enhancement factor (f(RH)). Over the period of measurement, f (RH=80 %) had a mean value of 1.9 +/- 0.3 and 1.8 +/- 0.4 in the PM10 and PM1 fractions, respectively. Higher f (RH=80 %) values were observed for wind directions from 0 to 180 degrees (marine sector) together with high SSA and low SAE values. The wind sector from 225 to 315 degrees was identified as an anthropogenically influenced sector, and it was characterized by smaller, darker and less hygroscopic aerosols. For the marine sector, f (RH=80 %) was 2.2 compared with a value of 1.8 obtained for the anthropogenically influenced sector. The air-mass backward trajectory analysis agreed well with the wind sector analysis. It shows low cluster to cluster variability except for air masses coming from the Atlantic Ocean that showed higher hygroscopicity. Knowledge of the effect of RH on aerosol optical properties is of great importance for climate forcing calculations and for comparison of in situ measurements with satellite and remote sensing retrievals. In this sense, predictive capability of f (RH) for use in climate models would be enhanced if other aerosol parameters could be used as proxies to estimate hygroscopic growth. Toward this goal, we propose an exponential equation that successfully estimates aerosol hygroscopicity as a function of SSA at Cape Cod. Further work is needed to determine if the equation obtained is valid in other environments. C1 [Titos, G.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Univ Granada, Inst Interuniv Invest Sistema Tierra Andalucia, IISTA CEAMA, Junta Andalucia, Granada 18006, Spain. [Titos, G.; Lyamani, H.; Alados-Arboledas, L.] Univ Granada, Dept Appl Phys, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Jefferson, A.; Sheridan, P. J.; Andrews, E.; Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Jefferson, A.; Andrews, E.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Titos, G (reprint author), Univ Granada, Inst Interuniv Invest Sistema Tierra Andalucia, IISTA CEAMA, Junta Andalucia, Granada 18006, Spain. EM gtitos@ugr.es RI Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/P-5630-2014; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; TITOS, GLORIA/G-1166-2016; OI Alados-Arboledas, Lucas/0000-0003-3576-7167; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; TITOS, GLORIA/0000-0003-3630-5079; Lyamani, Hassan/0000-0002-6386-1102 FU NOAA Climate Program - US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Secretariat of Science, Innovation and Development [BES-2011-043721, EEBB-I-13-06456, P10-RNM-6299, CGL2010-18782, EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254] FX This research was funded by the NOAA Climate Program using measurements funded by the US Department of Energy Atmospheric System Research program. The authors would like to express their gratitude to the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model. We would like to thank also the Openair project. G. Titos was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness Secretariat of Science, Innovation and Development under grants BES-2011-043721 and EEBB-I-13-06456, and projects P10-RNM-6299, CGL2010-18782 and EU INFRA-2010-1.1.16-262254. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 13 BP 7031 EP 7043 DI 10.5194/acp-14-7031-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AL6LR UT WOS:000339244600034 ER PT J AU Raupach, MR Gloor, M Sarmiento, JL Canadell, JG Frolicher, TL Gasser, T Houghton, RA Le Quere, C Trudinger, CM AF Raupach, M. R. Gloor, M. Sarmiento, J. L. Canadell, J. G. Froelicher, T. L. Gasser, T. Houghton, R. A. Le Quere, C. Trudinger, C. M. TI The declining uptake rate of atmospheric CO2 by land and ocean sinks SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; AIRBORNE FRACTION; CLIMATE; EMISSIONS; CYCLE; INCREASE; TRENDS; 20TH-CENTURY; BALANCE; MODELS AB Through 1959-2012, an airborne fraction (AF) of 0.44 of total anthropogenic CO2 emissions remained in the atmosphere, with the rest being taken up by land and ocean CO2 sinks. Understanding of this uptake is critical because it greatly alleviates the emissions reductions required for climate mitigation, and also reduces the risks and damages that adaptation has to embrace. An observable quantity that reflects sink properties more directly than the AF is the CO2 sink rate (k(S)), the combined land-ocean CO2 sink flux per unit excess atmospheric CO2 above preindustrial levels. Here we show from observations that k(S) declined over 1959-2012 by a factor of about 1/3, implying that CO2 sinks increased more slowly than excess CO2. Using a carbon-climate model, we attribute the decline in k(S) to four mechanisms: slower-than-exponential CO2 emissions growth (similar to 35% of the trend), volcanic eruptions (similar to 25 %), sink responses to climate change (similar to 20 %), and nonlinear responses to increasing CO2, mainly oceanic (similar to 20 %). The first of these mechanisms is associated purely with the trajectory of extrinsic forcing, and the last two with intrinsic, feedback responses of sink processes to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2. Our results suggest that the effects of these intrinsic, nonlinear responses are already detectable in the global carbon cycle. Although continuing future decreases in k(S) will occur under all plausible CO2 emission scenarios, the rate of decline varies between scenarios in non-intuitive ways because extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms respond in opposite ways to changes in emissions: extrinsic mechanisms cause k(S) to decline more strongly with increasing mitigation, while intrinsic mechanisms cause k(S) to decline more strongly under high-emission, low-mitigation scenarios as the carbon-climate system is perturbed further from a near-linear regime. C1 [Raupach, M. R.; Canadell, J. G.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Raupach, M. R.; Canadell, J. G.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Gloor, M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS9 2JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Sarmiento, J. L.; Froelicher, T. L.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Froelicher, T. L.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Gasser, T.] CNRS CIRAD EHESS AgroParisTech PontsParisTech, Ctr Int Rech Environm & Dev, F-94736 Nogent Sur Marne, France. [Gasser, T.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, CE Orme Merisiers, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Houghton, R. A.] Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Le Quere, C.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Trudinger, C. M.] CSIRO, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. RP Raupach, MR (reprint author), Australian Natl Univ, Climate Change Inst, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. EM michael.raupach@anu.edu.au RI Trudinger, Cathy/A-2532-2008; Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017 OI Trudinger, Cathy/0000-0002-4844-2153; Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452 FU Australian Climate Change Science Programme of the Australian Government; NERC consortium grant AMAZONICA [NE/F005806/1]; European Union Seventh Framework Programme project GEOCARBON [283080]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative of Princeton University; SNSF [PZ00P2_142573]; European Union Seventh Framework Programme project CarboChange [264879] FX CO2 data are provided by the Earth System Research Laboratory, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the CO2 Program at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Data on fossil-fuel CO2 emissions are provided by the Carbon Dioxide Information and Analysis Center (CDIAC), US Department of Energy. We thank W. Knorr for valuable comments. We acknowledge with gratitude the work of the C4MIP modelling community. We acknowledge support to M. R. Raupach and J. G. Canadell from the Australian Climate Change Science Programme of the Australian Government, to M. Gloor from the NERC consortium grant AMAZONICA (NE/F005806/1) and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme project GEOCARBON (grant number 283080), to J. L. Sarmiento from the Carbon Mitigation Initiative of Princeton University, to T. L. Frolicher from the SNSF (Ambizione grant PZ00P2_142573), and to C. Le Quere from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme project CarboChange (grant number 264879). This work is a contribution to the Global Carbon Project. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 52 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 13 BP 3453 EP 3475 DI 10.5194/bg-11-3453-2014 PG 23 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AL6TM UT WOS:000339265800003 ER PT J AU Ciais, P Dolman, AJ Bombelli, A Duren, R Peregon, A Rayner, PJ Miller, C Gobron, N Kinderman, G Marland, G Gruber, N Chevallier, F Andres, RJ Balsamo, G Bopp, L Breon, FM Broquet, G Dargaville, R Battin, TJ Borges, A Bovensmann, H Buchwitz, M Butler, J Canadell, JG Cook, RB DeFries, R Engelen, R Gurney, KR Heinze, C Heimann, M Held, A Henry, M Law, B Luyssaert, S Miller, J Moriyama, T Moulin, C Myneni, RB Nussli, C Obersteiner, M Ojima, D Pan, Y Paris, JD Piao, SL Poulter, B Plummer, S Quegan, S Raymond, P Reichstein, M Rivier, L Sabine, C Schimel, D Tarasova, O Valentini, R Wang, R van der Werf, G Wickland, D Williams, M Zehner, C AF Ciais, P. Dolman, A. J. Bombelli, A. Duren, R. Peregon, A. Rayner, P. J. Miller, C. Gobron, N. Kinderman, G. Marland, G. Gruber, N. Chevallier, F. Andres, R. J. Balsamo, G. Bopp, L. Breon, F. -M. Broquet, G. Dargaville, R. Battin, T. J. Borges, A. Bovensmann, H. Buchwitz, M. Butler, J. Canadell, J. G. Cook, R. B. DeFries, R. Engelen, R. Gurney, K. R. Heinze, C. Heimann, M. Held, A. Henry, M. Law, B. Luyssaert, S. Miller, J. Moriyama, T. Moulin, C. Myneni, R. B. Nussli, C. Obersteiner, M. Ojima, D. Pan, Y. Paris, J. -D. Piao, S. L. Poulter, B. Plummer, S. Quegan, S. Raymond, P. Reichstein, M. Rivier, L. Sabine, C. Schimel, D. Tarasova, O. Valentini, R. Wang, R. van der Werf, G. Wickland, D. Williams, M. Zehner, C. TI Current systematic carbon-cycle observations and the need for implementing a policy-relevant carbon observing system SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE; HYPERSPECTRAL INFRARED OBSERVATIONS; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS; COLUMN-AVERAGED METHANE; FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION; CO2 SURFACE FLUXES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; FOREST BIOMASS AB A globally integrated carbon observation and analysis system is needed to improve the fundamental understanding of the global carbon cycle, to improve our ability to project future changes, and to verify the effectiveness of policies aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration. Building an integrated carbon observation system requires transformational advances from the existing sparse, exploratory framework towards a dense, robust, and sustained system in all components: anthropogenic emissions, the atmosphere, the ocean, and the terrestrial biosphere. The paper is addressed to scientists, policymakers, and funding agencies who need to have a global picture of the current state of the (diverse) carbon observations. We identify the current state of carbon observations, and the needs and notional requirements for a global integrated carbon observation system that can be built in the next decade. A key conclusion is the substantial expansion of the ground-based observation networks required to reach the high spatial resolution for CO2 and CH4 fluxes, and for carbon stocks for addressing policy-relevant objectives, and attributing flux changes to underlying processes in each region. In order to establish flux and stock diagnostics over areas such as the southern oceans, tropical forests, and the Arctic, in situ observations will have to be complemented with remote-sensing measurements. Remote sensing offers the advantage of dense spatial coverage and frequent revisit. A key challenge is to bring remote-sensing measurements to a level of long-term consistency and accuracy so that they can be efficiently combined in models to reduce uncertainties, in synergy with ground-based data. Bringing tight observational constraints on fossil fuel and land use change emissions will be the biggest challenge for deployment of a policy-relevant integrated carbon observation system. This will require in situ and remotely sensed data at much higher resolution and density than currently achieved for natural fluxes, although over a small land area (cities, industrial sites, power plants), as well as the inclusion of fossil fuel CO2 proxy measurements such as radiocarbon in CO2 and carbon-fuel combustion tracers. Additionally, a policy-relevant carbon monitoring system should also provide mechanisms for reconciling regional top-down (atmosphere-based) and bottom-up (surface-based) flux estimates across the range of spatial and temporal scales relevant to mitigation policies. In addition, uncertainties for each observation data-stream should be assessed. The success of the system will rely on long-term commitments to monitoring, on improved international collaboration to fill gaps in the current observations, on sustained efforts to improve access to the different data streams and make databases interoperable, and on the calibration of each component of the system to agreed-upon international scales. C1 [Ciais, P.; Peregon, A.; Chevallier, F.; Bopp, L.; Breon, F. -M.; Broquet, G.; Luyssaert, S.; Moulin, C.; Paris, J. -D.; Poulter, B.; Rivier, L.; Wang, R.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dolman, A. J.; van der Werf, G.] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Bombelli, A.; Valentini, R.] CMCC, Euromediterranean Ctr Climate Change, Div Climate Change Impacts Agr Forests & Nat Ecos, I-73100 Lecce, Italy. [Duren, R.; Miller, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Rayner, P. J.; Dargaville, R.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. [Gobron, N.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Global Environm Monitoring Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Kinderman, G.; Obersteiner, M.] IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria. [Marland, G.] Appalachian State Univ, Res Inst Environm Energy & Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Gruber, N.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. [Gruber, N.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Ctr Climate Syst Modeling, Zurich, Switzerland. [Andres, R. J.; Cook, R. B.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Balsamo, G.; Engelen, R.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Battin, T. J.] Univ Vienna, Dept Limnol, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Borges, A.] Univ Liege, Chem Oceanog Unit, Inst Phys B5, B-4000 Cointe Ougree, Belgium. [Bovensmann, H.; Buchwitz, M.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys IUP, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Butler, J.; Miller, J.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Canadell, J. G.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [DeFries, R.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Gurney, K. R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Sustainabil, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Heinze, C.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, C.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Heinze, C.] Uni Res, Uni Bjerknes Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [Heimann, M.; Reichstein, M.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Held, A.] CSIRO, AusCover Facil, TERN, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Henry, M.] UN, Dept Forestry, Food & Agr Org, I-00153 Rome, Italy. [Law, B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Miller, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moriyama, T.] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tokyo, Japan. [Myneni, R. B.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Nussli, C.] Thales Alenia Space, Toulouse, France. [Ojima, D.] Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Pan, Y.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Newtown Sq, PA 19073 USA. [Piao, S. L.] Peking Univ, Dept Ecol, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Plummer, S.] European Space Agcy Harwell, ESA Climate Off, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Quegan, S.] Univ Sheffield, Ctr Terr Carbon Dynam, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. [Raymond, P.] Yale Univ, Sch Forestry & Environm Studies, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Sabine, C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schimel, D.] Natl Ecol Observ Network, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Tarasova, O.] World Meteorol Org, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Wickland, D.] NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Williams, M.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. [Zehner, C.] ESA ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. RP Ciais, P (reprint author), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, UMR8212, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. EM philippe.ciais@lsce.ipsl.fr RI Law, Beverly/G-3882-2010; Tarasova, Olga/E-4318-2014; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; Held, Andre/A-4672-2011; Pan, Yude/F-6145-2015; Valentini, Riccardo/D-1226-2010; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; Ojima, Dennis/C-5272-2016; Breon, Francois-Marie/M-4639-2016; Bovensmann, Heinrich/P-4135-2016; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/F-6684-2011 OI Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203; Dargaville, Roger/0000-0002-0103-5198; Cook, Robert/0000-0001-7393-7302; Borges, Alberto V./0000-0002-5434-2247; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Luyssaert, Sebastiaan/0000-0003-1121-1869; Dolman, A.J./0000-0003-0099-0457; Tarasova, Olga/0000-0002-4230-3849; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Valentini, Riccardo/0000-0002-6756-5634; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; Breon, Francois-Marie/0000-0003-2128-739X; Bovensmann, Heinrich/0000-0001-8882-4108; FU European Commission; Climate-KIC/European Institute of Technology; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER); U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Australian Professorial Fellowship [DP1096309] FX This study was carried out as part of the GEO task on integrated carbon observations (GEO Carbon Strategy Report; available for download at http://www.falw.vu/similar to dola/downloads.html coordinated by H. Dolman and P. Ciais), and the FP7 European Commission funded project GEOCARBON (www.geocarbon.net). The writing of the manuscript is sponsored by Climate-KIC/European Institute of Technology (www.climate-kic.org/) through the Carbocount project. RJA was sponsored by US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. P. Rayner is in receipt of an Australian Professorial Fellowship (DP1096309). NR 282 TC 29 Z9 28 U1 15 U2 107 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 13 BP 3547 EP 3602 DI 10.5194/bg-11-3547-2014 PG 56 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AL6TM UT WOS:000339265800009 ER PT S AU Tan, JN Mohr, PJ AF Tan, Joseph N. Mohr, Peter J. BE Quint, W Vogel, M TI Tests of Theory in Rydberg States of One-Electron Ions SO FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS IN PARTICLE TRAPS SE Springer Tracts in Modern Physics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; OSCILLATORY FIELD MEASUREMENT; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; LAMB SHIFT; MUONIC HYDROGEN; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; ATOMIC-HYDROGEN; CROSS-SECTIONS; PROTON; SPECTROSCOPY AB Comparison of optical frequency measurements to predictions of quantum electrodynamics (QED) for Rydberg states of one-electron ions can test theory and allow new determinations of constants of nature to be made. Simplifications in the QED theory of high-angular-momentum states reduces the uncertainty in the prediction of transition frequencies to a level where a new value of the Rydberg constant which is independent of the proton radius can be determined. Since the energy-level spacing between neighbouring Rydberg states grows as the square of the nuclear charge number, it is possible to study transitions with optical frequencies that are accessible to femtosecond laser frequency combs. Recently at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), highly charged ions (including bare nuclei) created in an Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) were extracted and captured in a novel compact Penning trap. An ongoing experiment aims to produce one-electron ions isolated in an ion trap designed for laser spectroscopy. Tests of theory in a regime free of nuclear effects would be valuable in shedding light on the puzzle surrounding the large discrepancy in the value of the proton radius inferred from the observed Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen as compared to the value deduced from hydrogen and deuterium spectroscopy and electron scattering measurements. C1 [Tan, Joseph N.; Mohr, Peter J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tan, JN (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.tan@nist.gov; mohr@nist.gov NR 77 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0081-3869 BN 978-3-642-45201-7; 978-3-642-45200-0 J9 SPRINGER TRAC MOD PH PY 2014 VL 256 BP 375 EP 404 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-45201-7_11 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-45201-7 PG 30 WC Microscopy; Spectroscopy SC Microscopy; Spectroscopy GA BA6EC UT WOS:000337111200013 ER PT J AU Gourley, JJ Flamig, ZL Hong, Y Howard, KW AF Gourley, Jonathan J. Flamig, Zachary L. Hong, Yang Howard, Kenneth W. TI Evaluation of past, present and future tools for radar-based flash-flood prediction in the USA SO HYDROLOGICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL-JOURNAL DES SCIENCES HYDROLOGIQUES LA English DT Article DE flash-flood forecasting; radar; distributed hydrological model ID DISTRIBUTED HYDROLOGIC MODEL; UNGAUGED BASINS; WARNING SYSTEMS; URBAN AREAS; GUIDANCE; UNCERTAINTIES; THRESHOLDS; SUPPORT AB The societal impacts of flash floods are more significant than any other weather-related hazard. They are often manifested in the form of damage to infrastructure, flooding of roadways and bridges, creating deadly hazards to motorists and inundation of crops and pasture. Some of these hazards can be anticipated and thus mitigated given effective warning systems. This study describes the tools proposed over recent decades in the USA to predict flash flooding and evaluates them using a common observational data set. Design recommendations for flash-flood forecasting systems are provided, taking into account today's availability of high-resolution rainfall data at scales commensurate with flash flooding, their archives, spatial data sets to describe physiographic properties, and ever-increasing computational resources. C1 [Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Howard, Kenneth W.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Flamig, Zachary L.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU National Severe Storms Laboratory's Director's Discretionary Research Funds; USA National Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System Funds FX Funding was provided by the National Severe Storms Laboratory's Director's Discretionary Research Funds and the USA National Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System Funds. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0262-6667 EI 2150-3435 J9 HYDROLOG SCI J JI Hydrol. Sci. J.-J. Sci. Hydrol. PY 2014 VL 59 IS 7 SI SI BP 1377 EP 1389 DI 10.1080/02626667.2014.919391 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AL4KB UT WOS:000339100700009 ER PT J AU Wen, HM Li, B Yuan, DQ Wang, HL Yildirim, T Zhou, W Chen, BL AF Wen, Hui-Min Li, Bin Yuan, Daqiang Wang, Hailong Yildirim, Taner Zhou, Wei Chen, Banglin TI A porous metal-organic framework with an elongated anthracene derivative exhibiting a high working capacity for the storage of methane SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE CAPTURE; HYDROGEN STORAGE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SMALL MOLECULES; GAS-ADSORPTION; CO2 ADSORPTION; SURFACE-AREA; ENANTIOSELECTIVE SEPARATION; COORDINATION POLYMER; ISORETICULAR SERIES AB We have developed a new porous metal-organic framework (MOF) (UTSA-80) with an elongated anthracene derivative as a linker. The activated UTSA-80a has a pore volume of 1.03 cm(3) g(-1) and a gravimetric Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of ca. 2280 m(2) g(-1), higher than those of PCN-14. The volumetric methane storage capacity of UTSA-80a at 35 bar and 298 K is 192 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3), which makes it one of the few porous MOFs with a storage capacity > 190 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at 35 bar. The volumetric uptake of methane by UTSA-80a reaches 233 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at room temperature and 65 bar; this is 88.6% of the new volumetric target of the US Department of Energy if the packing density loss is ignored. This capacity is comparable with that of PCN-14. However, as a result of the lower methane uptake of UTSA-80a at 5 bar, it has a much higher methane storage working capacity (deliverable amount of methane between 65 and 5 bar) of 174 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) compared with PCN-14 [157-160 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3)]. This value is slightly lower than the 190 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) achieved by HKUST-1, suggesting that it is a promising material for methane storage in transport applications. Such an exceptionally high working capacity can probably be attributed to the elongated anthracene derivative used as a linker within UTSA-80a, which adjusts the pore sizes/cages and interactions with the methane molecules to optimize the methane working capacity. C1 [Wen, Hui-Min; Li, Bin; Wang, Hailong; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Yuan, Daqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Fujian Inst Res Struct Matter, State Key Lab Struct Chem, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, Peoples R China. [Yildirim, Taner; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wen, HM (reprint author), Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. EM bin.li@utsa.edu; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015; Wen, Huimin/G-6215-2015; Yuan, Daqiang/F-5695-2010 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452; Wen, Huimin/0000-0002-3531-3379; Yuan, Daqiang/0000-0003-4627-072X FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; DOE BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by award AX-1730 from the Welch Foundation (BC). T.Y. acknowledges partial support from DOE BES Grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 109 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 64 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2050-7488 EI 2050-7496 J9 J MATER CHEM A JI J. Mater. Chem. A PY 2014 VL 2 IS 29 BP 11516 EP 11522 DI 10.1039/c4ta01860e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA AL3CY UT WOS:000339004100062 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Goasmat, F Sohn, MY Zhou, H Vladar, AE Silver, RM Arceo, A AF Barnes, Bryan M. Goasmat, Francois Sohn, Martin Y. Zhou, Hui Vladar, Andras E. Silver, Richard M. Arceo, Abraham BE Cain, JP Sanchez, MI TI Optical volumetric inspection of sub-20 nm patterned defects with wafer noise SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVIII CY FEB 24-27, 2014 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NOVA Ltd DE wafer noise; defect inspection; volumetric processing; defect metrology; three-dimensional image processing AB We have previously introduced a new data analysis method that more thoroughly utilizes scattered optical intensity data collected during defect inspection using bright-field microscopy. This volumetric approach allows conversion of focus-resolved 2-D collected images into 3-D volumes of intensity information and also permits the use of multi-dimensional processing and thresholding techniques to enhance defect detectability. In this paper, the effects of wafer noise upon detectability using volumetric processing are assessed with both simulations and experiments using the SEMATECH 9 nm node intentional defect array. The potential extensibility and industrial application of this technique are evaluated. C1 [Barnes, Bryan M.; Goasmat, Francois; Sohn, Martin Y.; Zhou, Hui; Vladar, Andras E.; Silver, Richard M.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arceo, Abraham] SEMATECH North, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.barnes@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9973-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9050 AR UNSP 905016 DI 10.1117/12.2048231 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA9DM UT WOS:000339267700031 ER PT S AU Silver, RM Barnes, BM Zhang, NF Zhou, H Vladar, A Villarrubia, J Kline, J Sunday, D Vaid, A AF Silver, R. M. Barnes, B. M. Zhang, N. F. Zhou, H. Vladar, A. Villarrubia, J. Kline, J. Sunday, D. Vaid, A. BE Cain, JP Sanchez, MI TI Optimizing Hybrid Metrology through a Consistent Multi-Tool Parameter Set and Uncertainty Model SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVIII CY FEB 24-27, 2014 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NOVA Ltd DE optical metrology; electromagnetic simulation; evaluate sensitivities and uncertainties; phase sensitive measurements; through-focus three-dimensional field AB There has been significant interest in hybrid metrology as a novel method for reducing overall measurement uncertainty and optimizing measurement throughput (speed) through rigorous combinations of two or more different measurement techniques into a single result. This approach is essential for advanced 3-D metrology when performing model-based critical dimension measurements. However, a number of fundamental challenges present themselves with regard to consistent noise and measurement uncertainty models across hardware platforms, and the need for a standardized set of model parameters. This is of paramount concern when the various techniques have substantially different models and underlying physics. In this paper we present realistic examples using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and optical critical dimension (CD) methods applied to sub-20 nm dense feature sets. We will show reduced measurement uncertainties using hybrid metrology on 15 nm CD features and evaluate approaches to adapt quantitative hybrid metrology into a high volume manufacturing environment. C1 [Silver, R. M.; Barnes, B. M.; Zhou, H.; Vladar, A.; Villarrubia, J.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, N. F.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kline, J.; Sunday, D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vaid, A.] GLOBALFOUNDRIES, Malta, NY 12020 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr MS 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM silver@nist.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9973-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9050 AR UNSP 905004 DI 10.1117/12.2048225 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA9DM UT WOS:000339267700001 ER PT S AU Vladar, AE Villarrubia, JS Chawla, J Ming, B Kline, JR List, S Postek, MT AF Vladar, Andras E. Villarrubia, John S. Chawla, Jasmeet Ming, Bin Kline, Joseph R. List, Scott Postek, Michael T. BE Cain, JP Sanchez, MI TI 10 nm Three-Dimensional CD-SEM Metrology SO METROLOGY, INSPECTION, AND PROCESS CONTROL FOR MICROLITHOGRAPHY XXVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXVIII CY FEB 24-27, 2014 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE, NOVA Ltd DE nanometer-scale; modeling; simulation; measurement; three dimensional; 3D; critical dimension; scanning; transmission; electron microscope; SEM; TEM; small angle x-ray scattering; CD-SAXS; matching; combined metrology AB The shape and dimensions of a challenging pattern have been measured using a model-based library scanning electron microscope (MBL SEM) technique. The sample consisted of a 4-line repeating pattern. Lines were narrow (10 nm), asymmetric (different edge angles and significant rounding on one corner but not the other), and situated in a complex neighborhood, with neighboring lines as little as 10 nm or as much as 28 nm distant. The shape cross-section determined by this method was compared to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) measurements of the same sample with good agreement. A recently-developed image composition method was used to obtain sharp SEM images, in which blur from vibration and drift were minimized. A Monte Carlo SEM simulator (JMONSEL) produced a model-based library that was interpolated to produce the best match to measured SEM images. Three geometrical and instrument parameterizations were tried. The first was a trapezoidal geometry. In the second one corner was significantly rounded. In the last, the electron beam was permitted to arrive with stray tilt. At each stage, the fit to the data improved by a statistically significant amount, demonstrating that the measurement remained sensitive to the new parameter. Because the measured values represent the average unit cell, the associated repeatabilities are at the tenths of a nanometer level, similar to scatterometry and other area-averaging techniques, but the SEM's native high spatial resolution also permitted observation of defects and other local departures from the average. C1 [Vladar, Andras E.; Villarrubia, John S.; Ming, Bin; Kline, Joseph R.; Postek, Michael T.] NIST, 100 Bur Dr Ms 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chawla, Jasmeet; List, Scott] Intel Corp, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP Vladar, AE (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Ms 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 11 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9973-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9050 AR UNSP 90500A DI 10.1117/12.2045977 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA9DM UT WOS:000339267700006 ER PT J AU Levin, PS Azose, J Anderson, S AF Levin, Phillip S. Azose, Joel Anderson, Sean TI Biblical Influences on Conservation: an Examination of the Apparent Sustainability of Kosher Seafood SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE carbon footprint; conservation; eco-label; kosher; marine conservation; religion; sustainability ID MARINE FOOD WEBS; BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION; UNITED-STATES; FISHERIES; CERTIFICATION; STEWARDSHIP; BENEFITS; IMPACTS; CLIMATE; TRADE AB As a response to widespread concern about the state of marine ecosystems and the perceived failure of existing policies, many organizations are developing market-based instruments that promote sustainability. Eco-standards such as shopping guides, ecolabels, and stewardship certifications are now commonplace. However, in many cultures dietary guidelines have existed for thousands of years, and anthropologists have argued that such dietary rules emerged to reduce environmental impacts by encouraging exploitation of productive species, increasing ecological efficiency, or decreasing harvest of apex predators. We explored some of the environmental consequences for marine and aquatic systems of one of the more familiar ancient dietary traditions, keeping kosher. We sampled nearly 4500 seafood items from 68 supermarkets and 112 restaurants. For each species, we determined whether the item was kosher or not and then estimated trophic level, food miles, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions. Our results revealed that food miles, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions associated with transportation were all less for kosher than nonkosher seafood. In general, these differences could be mitigated by consuming only Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch "best" choices. On the other hand, although food miles, energy consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions associated with kosher seafood appears to be lower than nonkosher seafood, the potential trophic impact of kosher seafood appears to be greater than nonkosher selections. Our results highlight that even though the moral underpinnings of conservation and religion can be very different, careful scientific attention to the environmental costs and benefits of traditional foodways offers an important entry point for engagement with cultural practices and belief systems. C1 [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Azose, Joel] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Anderson, Sean] Calif State Univ Channel Islands, Environm Sci & Resource Management Program, Camarillo, CA USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 6 U2 33 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 AR UNSP 55 DI 10.5751/ES-06524-190255 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK8XI UT WOS:000338711600060 ER PT J AU Breslow, SJ AF Breslow, Sara Jo TI A Complex Tool for a Complex Problem: Political Ecology in the Service of Ecosystem Recovery SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE cultural narratives; environmental conflict; farmland preservation; salmon habitat restoration; senses of place ID CONSERVATION; FRAMEWORK; MOVEMENT; TRUST; WORLD AB Salmon recovery has been described as a wicked problem in that it is so complex it is seemingly impossible to solve. Through a detailed case study, this article models how the field of political ecology can provide rich insight into such problems, and can help managers navigate the complex human dimensions of their work. Protracted disputes over salmon habitat restoration have earned the Skagit Valley of Washington State a reputation for being mired in intractable conflict. Goals of recovering salmon and protecting farmland are seemingly pitted against each other in competition for the same land. Using ethnographic methods and a political ecology framework, I argue that social hierarchies and mistrusts, conflicting senses of place, prevailing cultural narratives, and legal and institutional constraints contribute to the dispute over habitat restoration. Closer attention to sociocultural factors such as these may help managers identify and implement locally supported recovery opportunities, facilitate cooperation among stakeholders, improve agency approaches, and reframe management agendas to better address collective needs. I conclude that ecosystem recovery requires not only the renewal of ecological health, but also the renewal of social trust and cooperation, new cultural narratives, and a richer language that can capture its complex social realities. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Breslow, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM sarajo@uw.edu NR 72 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 EI 1521-0421 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2014 VL 42 IS 4 SI SI BP 308 EP 331 DI 10.1080/08920753.2014.923130 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AK9CK UT WOS:000338724900003 ER PT J AU Smolyanitsky, A Zhu, SZ Deng, Z Li, T Cannara, RJ AF Smolyanitsky, Alex Zhu, Shuze Deng, Zhao Li, Teng Cannara, Rachel J. TI Effects of surface compliance and relaxation on the frictional properties of lamellar materials SO RSC ADVANCES LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPE; BENDING RIGIDITY; CALIBRATION; FORMULATION; COEFFICIENT; GRAPHITE; ADHESION; GRAPHENE; CONTACT; SOLIDS AB We describe the results of atomic-level stick-slip friction measurements performed on chemically-modified graphite, using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Through detailed molecular dynamics simulations, coarse-grained simulations, and theoretical arguments, we report on complex indentation profiles during AFM scans involving local reversible exfoliation of the top layer of graphene from the underlying graphite sample and its effect on the measured friction force during retraction of the scanning tip. In particular, we report nearly constant lateral stick-slip magnitudes at decreasing loads, which cannot be explained within the standard framework based on continuum mechanics models for the contact area. We explain this anomalous behavior by introducing the effect of local compliance of the topmost graphene layer, which varies when interaction with the AFM tip is enhanced. Such behavior is not observed for non-lamellar materials. We extend our discussion toward the more general understanding of the effects of the top layer relaxation on the friction force under positive and negative loads. Our results may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effectively negative coefficient of friction recently observed on chemically-modified graphite. C1 [Smolyanitsky, Alex; Deng, Zhao; Cannara, Rachel J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Shuze; Li, Teng] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Deng, Zhao; Li, Teng] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smolyanitsky, A (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alex.smolyanitsky@nist.gov RI Li, Teng/B-1585-2008; Deng, Zhao/B-6555-2016 OI Li, Teng/0000-0001-6252-561X; FU National Science Foundation [1069076, 1129826]; Clark School Future Faculty Program at the University of Maryland FX TL and SZ acknowledge the support by the National Science Foundation (Grant no. 1069076 and 1129826). SZ thanks the support of the Clark School Future Faculty Program at the University of Maryland. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2046-2069 J9 RSC ADV JI RSC Adv. PY 2014 VL 4 IS 51 BP 26721 EP 26728 DI 10.1039/c4ra03810j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AK7XE UT WOS:000338640200019 ER PT J AU Beacham, TD Beamish, RJ Candy, JR Wallace, C Tucker, S Moss, JH Trudel, M AF Beacham, Terry D. Beamish, Richard J. Candy, John R. Wallace, Colin Tucker, Strahan Moss, Jamal H. Trudel, Marc TI Stock-Specific Size of Juvenile Sockeye Salmon in British Columbia Waters and the Gulf of Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WILD COHO SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; NORTH-AMERICA; FRASER-RIVER; INDIVIDUAL IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; OCEAN MIGRATION AB The variation at 14 microsatellites was analyzed for 10,500 juvenile Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka obtained from coastal British Columbia and Gulf of Alaska surveys during 1996-2011. A 404-population baseline was used to determine the individual identifications of the fish sampled, with individuals being identified to 47 populations or stocks of origin. Columbia River and Washington juveniles were consistently larger than those from British Columbia and Alaska. During July, larger individuals from the same Fraser River stock were observed in more northerly locations compared with those in the Strait of Georgia. There was a relationship between the timing of northward migration from the Strait of Georgia and juvenile body size, with individuals from larger populations or stocks migrating earlier than individuals from smaller stocks which remain resident for longer. There was a wide divergence among stocks in juvenile size and dispersion among sampling locations. C1 [Beacham, Terry D.; Beamish, Richard J.; Candy, John R.; Wallace, Colin; Tucker, Strahan; Trudel, Marc] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Moss, Jamal H.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Beacham, TD (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM terry.beacham@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Trudel, Marc/H-1955-2012 FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada; Canadian Space Agency; Genome British Columbia; Bonneville Power Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service; World Wildlife Fund FX We thank the captains and crews of the vessels W. E. Ricker, Ocean Selector, Frosti, and Northwest Explorer for conducting sampling operations, as well as numerous staff for their assistance during those operations. Staff in the Molecular Genetics Laboratory at the Pacific Biological Station conducted the DNA analysis. S. Johnson provided access to some 2010 samples from the Strait of Georgia. Financial support for the study was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada, the Canadian Space Agency, Genome British Columbia, Bonneville Power Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, and the World Wildlife Fund. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of Fisheries and Oceans Canada or the National Marine Fisheries Service. Mention of trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 876 EP 888 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.889751 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600005 ER PT J AU Winship, AJ O'Farrell, MR Mohr, MS AF Winship, Arliss J. O'Farrell, Michael R. Mohr, Michael S. TI Fishery and Hatchery Effects on an Endangered Salmon Population with Low Productivity SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; TIME-SERIES DATA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; 1ST-GENERATION HATCHERY; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; BREEDING PROGRAMS; MIXED STOCKS; WILD; RECRUITMENT; RIVER AB We estimated the natural spawner-fry stock-recruitment relationship and juvenile survival rates for Sacramento River winter Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in California and used these estimates to examine the expected numbers of spawners and fishing mortality under different fishing mortality rates and levels of hatchery supplementation. A stochastic, age-structured population dynamics model was fit to fry and female spawner abundance data for the years 1996-2010. Estimated survival rates of fry through the end of the first year in the ocean were generally <0.5%. Estimated survival rates of hatchery-origin fish from egg to the end of the first year in the ocean were on average about four times greater than the estimated maximum rate for natural-origin fish. The hatchery program was estimated to increase the number of spawners returning to natural spawning areas and thereby increase the fishing mortality rate that could be sustained. Assessing the past or future net effect of the hatchery on the size of the natural population would require quantifying any potential reduction in the productivity of the natural population as a result of reduced fitness of hatchery-origin fish spawning in natural spawning areas. C1 [Winship, Arliss J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Winship, Arliss J.; O'Farrell, Michael R.; Mohr, Michael S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Winship, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway,SSMC 4, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM arliss.winship@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Regional Office and Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX We thank K. Niemela (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service) and D. Killam (California Department of Fish and Wildlife) for making available to us the data used in this study. We also thank A. Grover for facilitating access to those data. Discussions with E. J. Dick, A.-L. Harrison, D. Huff, D. Lawson, S. Lindley, W. Satterthwaite, L. Schwarz, A. Shelton, and C. Soykan provided many helpful ideas. D. Killam, K. Niemela, W. Poytress, and W. Satterthwaite provided helpful comments on an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank R. Beamish, the associate editor, and three anonymous reviewers for suggestions that improved our paper. This study was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Regional Office and Southwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 73 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 6 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 957 EP 971 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.892532 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600011 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Caudill, CC Moser, ML AF Keefer, Matthew L. Caudill, Christopher C. Moser, Mary L. TI Fishway Bottleneck Relief Models: a Case Study using Radio-Tagged Pacific Lampreys SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; VELOCITY BARRIERS; COLUMBIA RIVER; PASSAGE EFFICIENCY; MARKED ANIMALS; CHINOOK SALMON; UPSTREAM; SURVIVAL; MIGRATION; DAM AB Structural or operational changes to fishways can improve fish passage efficiency, but there is often uncertainty regarding which improvements will be most effective. We developed a "bottleneck relief" model using Kaplan-Meier methods to help managers assess where remediation efforts are likely to provide the largest increases in fishway passage. The simulation model uses a matrix of observed efficiency estimates from fishway subsections and incorporates multiple passage attempts by individual tagged fish. In a case study application to test the model, we used radiotelemetry data from 2,170 adult Pacific Lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus at Bonneville Dam (Columbia River, Washington-Oregon), which features multiple fishways and low lamprey passage success (mean fishway passage efficiency similar to 0.50; n = 10 years). The model was run iteratively to test potential dam passage benefits from improving efficiency in 20 individual fishway segments. The highest benefits were for improvements at top-of-fishway segments and at sites where passage routes converged. Benefits were lower for segments used by fewer fish, segments located downstream from serious bottlenecks, and segments with a limited scope for improvement (i.e., efficiency was already high). The model provides a flexible and objective method for assessing complex fish passage problems and informing remediation decision making. C1 [Keefer, Matthew L.; Caudill, Christopher C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Moser, Mary L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Coll Nat Resources, 275 Perimeter Dr, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers FX We thank T. Clabough, W. Daigle, T. Dick, B. Ho, E. Johnson, M. Jepson, D. Joosten, S. Lee, M. Morasch, C. Noyes, D. Ogden, D. Quaempts, P. Peterson, R. Ringe, and K. Tolotti (University of Idaho) and P. Ocker, W. Cavendar, D. Ogden, and H. Pennington (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission) for assistance with Pacific Lamprey collection and tagging; antenna construction, installation, and maintenance; and data management. J. Simonson, R. Marr, and I. Wilbert (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries) fabricated and installed the lamprey traps used in this study. T. Bohn, B. Burke, K. Frick, and S. McCarthy (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries) helped with radiotelemetry database maintenance and interpretation. We also thank the staff of the Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission's Kennewick Field Office, especially D. Chase and D. Warf. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers provided funding for these studies; we thank D. Clugston, B. Eby, D. Fryer, M. Langeslay, M. Plummer, and S. Tackley. Administrative assistance was provided by T. Bjornn, D. Dey, K. Johnson, P. McAteer, C. Peery, R. Poulin, T. Ruehle, and L. Stuehrenberg. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 24 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 4 BP 1049 EP 1060 DI 10.1080/00028487.2014.911210 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AK9DU UT WOS:000338728600018 ER PT J AU Hairston, M Maruyama, N Coley, WR Stoneback, R AF Hairston, M. Maruyama, N. Coley, W. R. Stoneback, R. TI Storm-time meridional flows: a comparison of CINDI observations and model results SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Ionosphere; equatorial ionosphere; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions; modeling and forecasting ID LOW-LATITUDE IONOSPHERE; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; COUPLED ELECTRODYNAMICS; DISTURBANCE DYNAMO; MAGNETIC STORM; PENETRATION; SHEET; SYSTEM AB During a large geomagnetic storm, the electric field from the polar ionosphere can expand far enough to affect the mid-latitude and equatorial electric fields. These changes in the equatorial zonal electric field, called the penetration field, will cause changes in the meridional ion flows that can be observed by radars and spacecraft. In general this < b > E x < b > B ion flow near the equator caused by the penetration field during undershielding conditions will be upward on the dayside and downward on the nightside of the Earth. Previous analysis of the equatorial meridional flows observed by CINDI instrument on the C/NOFS spacecraft during the 26 September 2011 storm showed that all of the response flows on the dayside were excess downward flows instead of the expected upward flows. These observed storm-time responses are compared to a prediction from a physics-based coupled model of thermosphere-ionosphere-inner-magnetosphere in an effort to explain these observations. The model results suggest that the equatorial downward flow could be attributed to a combined effect of the overshielding and disturbance dynamo processes. However, some discrepancy between the model and observation indicates a need for improving our understanding of how sensitive the equatorial electric field is to various model input parameters that describe the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes. C1 [Hairston, M.; Coley, W. R.; Stoneback, R.] Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. [Maruyama, N.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maruyama, N.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hairston, M (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Ctr Space Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM hairston@utdallas.edu OI Coley, William Robin/0000-0003-2047-0002; Hairston, Marc/0000-0003-4524-4837; Stoneback, Russell/0000-0001-7216-4336 FU NASA [NNX10AT02G, NNX09AN58G]; NSF [AGS 1042258, AGS 1103149] FX We wish to acknowledge the ACE Science Center and their website and NASA's OMNIWeb Plus website for the IMF data used in this paper, and the World Data Center for Geomagnetism at Kyoto University, Japan for the Dst index data. The work at the University of Texas at Dallas was supported by NASA grant NNX10AT02G. Work by N. Maruyama was supported by NASA grant NNX09AN58G and by NSF grants AGS 1042258 and AGS 1103149. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2014 VL 32 IS 6 BP 659 EP 668 DI 10.5194/angeo-32-659-2014 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK6AI UT WOS:000338509000008 ER PT J AU Godfrin, PD Valadez-Perez, NE Castaneda-Priego, R Wagner, NJ Liu, Y AF Godfrin, P. Douglas Valadez-Perez, Nestor E. Castaneda-Priego, Ramon Wagner, Norman J. Liu, Yun TI Generalized phase behavior of cluster formation in colloidal dispersions with competing interactions SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID CONCENTRATED LYSOZYME SOLUTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM CLUSTERS; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; SYSTEMS; PERCOLATION; AGGREGATION; PARTICLES; GELS; POTENTIALS; SCATTERING AB Colloidal liquids interacting with short range attraction and long range repulsion, such as proposed for some protein solutions, have been found to exhibit novel states consisting of equilibrium particle clusters. Monte Carlo simulations are performed for two physically meaningful inter-particle potentials across a broad range of interaction parameters, temperatures and volume fractions to locate the conditions where clustered states are found. A corresponding states phase behavior is identified when normalized by the critical point of an appropriately selected reference attractive fluid. Clustered fluid states and cluster percolated states are found exclusively within the two phase region of the state diagram for a reference attractive fluid, confirming the underlying intrinsic relation between clustered states and bulk phase separation. Clustered and cluster percolated states consistently exhibit an intermediate range order peak in their structure factors with a magnitude above 2.7, leading to a semi-empirical rule for identifying clustered fluids in scattering experiments. C1 [Godfrin, P. Douglas; Wagner, Norman J.; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Valadez-Perez, Nestor E.; Castaneda-Priego, Ramon] Univ Guanajuato, Div Ciencias & Ingn, Leon 37150, Mexico. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, NJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 150 Acad St, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu; yun.liu@nist.gov RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Godfrin, Paul/P-8982-2015 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Godfrin, Paul/0000-0003-0546-0690 FU NSF-Conacyt [147892/2011] FX This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreements 70NANB12H239 and 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce. This work has also been supported in part by NSF-Conacyt grant 147892/2011. NR 73 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 40 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 28 BP 5061 EP 5071 DI 10.1039/c3sm53220h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AK7YS UT WOS:000338644400005 PM 24899107 ER PT J AU Heiblum, RH Koren, I Feingold, G AF Heiblum, R. H. Koren, I. Feingold, G. TI On the link between Amazonian forest properties and shallow cumulus cloud fields SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VEGETATION INDEXES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MODIS; LAND; EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; SMOKE; VARIABILITY; INHIBITION AB During the dry season the Amazon forest is frequently covered by shallow cumulus clouds fields, referred to here as forest cumulus (FCu). These clouds are shown to be sensitive to land cover and exhibit a high level of spatial organization. In this study we use satellite data to perform a morphological classification and examine the link between FCu cloud field occurrence and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), which is commonly used as a measure for forest density and productivity. Although weaker than first-order effects of meteorology, a clear positive linear relation between EVI (i.e., surface properties) and FCu field occurrence is seen over forest land cover, implying a strong coupling between forest surface fluxes and the cloud organization above. Over non-forest land cover the relationship between EVI and FCu occurrence is nonlinear, showing a reduction of FCu for high EVI values. We find that forest to non-forest transition zones display a superposition of the two different land cover dependencies. C1 [Heiblum, R. H.; Koren, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM Ilan.Koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; FU European Research Council under the European Union [306965]; NASA/HQ FX This research was supported by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC (CAPRI, grant no. 306965) and by a NASA Interdisciplinary Science (IDS) project managed by H. Maring. We acknowledge the use of Rapid Response imagery (true color images in the work) from the Land Atmosphere Near-real time Capability for EOS (LANCE) system operated by the NASA/GSFC/Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS) with funding provided by NASA/HQ. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) data and visualizations (Fig. 6) were produced with the Giovanni online data system, developed and maintained by the NASA GES DISC. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 12 BP 6063 EP 6074 DI 10.5194/acp-14-6063-2014 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK5BH UT WOS:000338438300013 ER PT J AU Thompson, RL Ishijima, K Saikawa, E Corazza, M Karstens, U Patra, PK Bergamaschi, P Chevallier, F Dlugokencky, E Prinn, RG Weiss, RF O'Doherty, S Fraser, PJ Steele, LP Krummel, PB Vermeulen, A Tohjima, Y Jordan, A Haszpra, L Steinbacher, M Van der Laan, S Aalto, T Meinhardt, F Popa, ME Moncrieff, J Bousquet, P AF Thompson, R. L. Ishijima, K. Saikawa, E. Corazza, M. Karstens, U. Patra, P. K. Bergamaschi, P. Chevallier, F. Dlugokencky, E. Prinn, R. G. Weiss, R. F. O'Doherty, S. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Krummel, P. B. Vermeulen, A. Tohjima, Y. Jordan, A. Haszpra, L. Steinbacher, M. Van der Laan, S. Aalto, T. Meinhardt, F. Popa, M. E. Moncrieff, J. Bousquet, P. TI TransCom N2O model inter-comparison - Part 2: Atmospheric inversion estimates of N2O emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS; SEASONAL CYCLES; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; CO2; LIFETIMES; O-2/N-2; EUROPE; TRENDS; FLUXES AB This study examines N2O emission estimates from five different atmospheric inversion frameworks based on chemistry transport models (CTMs). The five frameworks differ in the choice of CTM, meteorological data, prior uncertainties and inversion method but use the same prior emissions and observation data set. The posterior modelled atmospheric N2O mole fractions are compared to observations to assess the performance of the inversions and to help diagnose problems in the modelled transport. Additionally, the mean emissions for 2006 to 2008 are compared in terms of the spatial distribution and seasonality. Overall, there is a good agreement among the inversions for the mean global total emission, which ranges from 16.1 to 18.7 TgN yr(-1) and is consistent with previous estimates. Ocean emissions represent between 31 and 38% of the global total compared to widely varying previous estimates of 24 to 38%. Emissions from the northern mid- to high latitudes are likely to be more important, with a consistent shift in emissions from the tropics and subtropics to the mid- to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere; the emission ratio for 0-30A degrees N to 30-90A degrees N ranges from 1.5 to 1.9 compared with 2.9 to 3.0 in previous estimates. The largest discrepancies across inversions are seen for the regions of South and East Asia and for tropical and South America owing to the poor observational constraint for these areas and to considerable differences in the modelled transport, especially inter-hemispheric exchange rates and tropical convective mixing. Estimates of the seasonal cycle in N2O emissions are also sensitive to errors in modelled stratosphere-to-troposphere transport in the tropics and southern extratropics. Overall, the results show a convergence in the global and regional emissions compared to previous independent studies. C1 [Thompson, R. L.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Thompson, R. L.; Chevallier, F.; Bousquet, P.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ishijima, K.; Patra, P. K.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Saikawa, E.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Saikawa, E.] Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Corazza, M.; Bergamaschi, P.] JRC, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, Ispra, Italy. [Karstens, U.; Jordan, A.; Popa, M. E.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Dlugokencky, E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England. [Fraser, P. J.; Steele, L. P.; Krummel, P. B.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Vermeulen, A.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands ECN, Petten, Netherlands. [Tohjima, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Haszpra, L.] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, Budapest, Hungary. [Haszpra, L.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Astron & Earth Sci, Geodet & Geophys Inst, Sopron, Hungary. [Steinbacher, M.] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Empa, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Van der Laan, S.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Aalto, T.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Meinhardt, F.] Messstelle Schauinsland, Umweltbundesamt, Kirchzarten, Germany. [Popa, M. E.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Moncrieff, J.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Thompson, RL (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. EM rona.thompson@nilu.no RI Chevallier, Frederic/E-9608-2016; Corazza, Matteo/B-6085-2012; van der Laan, Sander/H-5426-2013; Aalto, Tuula/P-6183-2014; Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015; Popa, Maria Elena/B-8834-2014; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Tohjima, Yasunori/F-9975-2016; Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009; Karstens, Ute/P-7075-2014; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Saikawa, Eri/0000-0003-3166-8620; Thompson, Rona/0000-0001-9485-7176; Chevallier, Frederic/0000-0002-4327-3813; Corazza, Matteo/0000-0003-3610-1666; van der Laan, Sander/0000-0003-3901-113X; Aalto, Tuula/0000-0002-3264-7947; Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787; Popa, Maria Elena/0000-0001-7957-0329; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115; Karstens, Ute/0000-0002-8985-7742; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 12 BP 6177 EP 6194 DI 10.5194/acp-14-6177-2014 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK5BH UT WOS:000338438300020 ER PT J AU Knote, C Hodzic, A Jimenez, JL Volkamer, R Orlando, JJ Baidar, S Brioude, J Fast, J Gentner, DR Goldstein, AH Hayes, PL Knighton, WB Oetjen, H Setyan, A Stark, H Thalman, R Tyndall, G Washenfelder, R Waxman, E Zhang, Q AF Knote, C. Hodzic, A. Jimenez, J. L. Volkamer, R. Orlando, J. J. Baidar, S. Brioude, J. Fast, J. Gentner, D. R. Goldstein, A. H. Hayes, P. L. Knighton, W. B. Oetjen, H. Setyan, A. Stark, H. Thalman, R. Tyndall, G. Washenfelder, R. Waxman, E. Zhang, Q. TI Simulation of semi-explicit mechanisms of SOA formation from glyoxal in aerosol in a 3-D model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; LOS-ANGELES; AMMONIUM-SULFATE; ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; MULTIPHASE CHEMISTRY; AQUEOUS PARTICLES; DOAS INSTRUMENT; REACTIVE UPTAKE; TRACE GASES AB New pathways to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) have been postulated recently. Glyoxal, the smallest dicarbonyl, is one of the proposed precursors. It has both anthropogenic and biogenic sources, and readily partitions into the aqueous phase of cloud droplets and deliquesced particles where it undergoes both reversible and irreversible chemistry. In this work we extend the regional scale chemistry transport model WRF-Chem to include detailed gas-phase chemistry of glyoxal formation as well as a state-of-the-science module describing its partitioning and reactions in the aerosol aqueous-phase. A comparison of several proposed mechanisms is performed to quantify the relative importance of different formation pathways and their regional variability. The CARES/CalNex campaigns over California in summer 2010 are used as case studies to evaluate the model against observations. A month-long simulation over the continental United States (US) enables us to extend our results to the continental scale. In all simulations over California, the Los Angeles (LA) basin was found to be the hot spot for SOA formation from glyoxal, which contributes between 1% and 15% of the model SOA depending on the mechanism used. Our results indicate that a mechanism based only on a reactive (surface limited) uptake coefficient leads to higher SOA yields from glyoxal compared to a more detailed description that considers aerosol phase state and chemical composition. In the more detailed simulations, surface uptake is found to give the highest SOA mass yields compared to a volume process and reversible formation. We find that the yields of the latter are limited by the availability of glyoxal in aerosol water, which is in turn controlled by an increase in the Henry's law constant depending on salt concentrations ('salting-in'). A time dependence in this increase prevents substantial partitioning of glyoxal into aerosol water at high salt concentrations. If this limitation is removed, volume pathways contribute > 20% of glyoxal-SOA mass, and the total mass formed (5.8% of total SOA in the LA basin) is about a third of the simple uptake coefficient formulation without consideration of aerosol phase state and composition. Results from the continental US simulation reveal the much larger potential to form glyoxal-SOA over the eastern continental US. Interestingly, the low concentrations of glyoxal-SOA over the western continental US are not due to the lack of a potential to form glyoxal-SOA here. Rather these small glyoxal-SOA concentrations reflect dry conditions and high salt concentrations, and the potential to form SOA mass here will strongly depend on the water associated with particles. C1 [Knote, C.; Hodzic, A.; Orlando, J. J.; Tyndall, G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Volkamer, R.; Baidar, S.; Hayes, P. L.; Oetjen, H.; Thalman, R.; Waxman, E.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Volkamer, R.; Baidar, S.; Brioude, J.; Hayes, P. L.; Stark, H.; Thalman, R.; Washenfelder, R.; Waxman, E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, J.; Washenfelder, R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Fast, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Washington, CO USA. [Gentner, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Knighton, W. B.] Montana State Univ, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Setyan, A.; Zhang, Q.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Stark, H.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. RP Hodzic, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM alma@ucar.edu RI Setyan, Ari/C-4025-2011; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Hodzic, Alma/C-3629-2009; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Knote, Christoph/A-9809-2010; Zhang, Qi/F-9653-2010; Volkamer, Rainer/B-8925-2016; Oetjen, Hilke/H-3708-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Setyan, Ari/0000-0002-9078-6478; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Knote, Christoph/0000-0001-9105-9179; Volkamer, Rainer/0000-0002-0899-1369; Oetjen, Hilke/0000-0002-3542-1337; FU United States Department of Energy (US DOE) [DE-SC0006711]; CARB [11-305, 09-317]; NSF [AGS-1243354]; NSF CAREER [ATM-0847793]; US DOE [DE-SC0006080]; US NOAA Atmospheric Composition Climate Program [NA11OAR4310160]; US DOE ASR program [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; National Science Foundation FX Ravan Ahmadov, Stu McKeen and Wayne Angevine (NOAA) were extremely helpful in deriving the new emissions inventory and setting up the whole modeling system. William C. Kuster, Jessica B. Gilman, Carsten Warneke and Joost de Gouw (NOAA) kindly provided VOC measurements taken at the Pasadena ground site during the CalNex campaign. F. Keutsch (UW Madison) kindly made measurements of glyoxal available in Bakersfield. B. Tom Jobson (WSU) provided VOC measurements at the T0 ground site. Aerosol mass spectrometer measurements at the T0 site were taken by Chen Song (PNNL). Philip S. Stevens (Indiana University) made OH measurements at Pasadena available. Lynn Russell and Shang Liu (UC San Diego) kindly provided positive matrix factorization (PMF) results for Bakersfield. We thank Barbara Ervens (NOAA), and also Siyuan Wang, and Christopher Kampf (CU Boulder) for fruitful discussions on glyoxal partitioning. Louisa Emmons is thanked for discussions regarding MOZART. This work has been funded by United States Department of Energy (US DOE) grant (BER, ASR program) DE-SC0006711. Jose-Luis Jimenez was also supported by CARB 11-305 and NSF AGS-1243354. Rainer Volkamer was supported by CARB 09-317, NSF CAREER award ATM-0847793, and US DOE contract DE-SC0006080. Jerome Fast was supported by the US NOAA Atmospheric Composition Climate Program (NA11OAR4310160) and the US DOE ASR program under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 at PNNL. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in the publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. NR 77 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 10 U2 76 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 12 BP 6213 EP 6239 DI 10.5194/acp-14-6213-2014 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK5BH UT WOS:000338438300022 ER PT J AU Shen, Z Liu, J Horowitz, LW Henze, DK Fan, S Levy, H Mauzerall, DL Lin, JT Tao, S AF Shen, Z. Liu, J. Horowitz, L. W. Henze, D. K. Fan, S. Levy, H., II Mauzerall, D. L. Lin, J. -T. Tao, S. TI Analysis of transpacific transport of black carbon during HIPPO-3: implications for black carbon aging SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EVALUATING INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PARTICLE SOOT PHOTOMETER; UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL DISTRIBUTION; VERTICAL PROFILES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; TIME-SCALES; AIR-QUALITY; GEOS-CHEM AB Long-range transport of black carbon (BC) is a growing concern as a result of the efficiency of BC in warming the climate and its adverse impact on human health. We study transpacific transport of BC during HIPPO-3 using a combination of inverse modeling and sensitivity analysis. We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model and its adjoint to constrain Asian BC emissions and estimate the source of BC over the North Pacific. We find that different sources of BC dominate the transport to the North Pacific during the southbound (29 March 2010) and northbound (13 April 2010) measurements in HIPPO-3. While biomass burning in Southeast Asia (SE) contributes about 60% of BC in March, more than 90% of BC comes from fossil fuel and biofuel combustion in East Asia (EA) during the April mission. GEOS-Chem simulations generally resolve the spatial and temporal variation of BC concentrations over the North Pacific, but are unable to reproduce the low and high tails of the observed BC distribution. We find that the optimized BC emissions derived from inverse modeling fail to improve model simulations significantly. This failure indicates that uncertainties in BC removal as well as transport, rather than in emissions, account for the major biases in GEOS-Chem simulations of BC over the North Pacific. The aging process, transforming BC from hydrophobic into hydrophilic form, is one of the key factors controlling wet scavenging and remote concentrations of BC. Sensitivity tests on BC aging (ignoring uncertainties of other factors controlling BC long range transport) suggest that in order to fit HIPPO-3 observations, the aging timescale of anthropogenic BC from EA may be several hours (faster than assumed in most global models), while the aging process of biomass burning BC from SE may occur much slower, with a timescale of a few days. To evaluate the effects of BC aging and wet deposition on transpacific transport of BC, we develop an idealized model of BC transport. We find that the mid-latitude air masses sampled during HIPPO-3 may have experienced a series of precipitation events, particularly near the EA and SE source region. Transpacific transport of BC is sensitive to BC aging when the aging rate is fast; this sensitivity peaks when the aging timescale is in the range of 1-1.5 d. Our findings indicate that BC aging close to the source must be simulated accurately at a process level in order to simulate better the global abundance and climate forcing of BC. C1 [Shen, Z.; Liu, J.; Tao, S.] Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Horowitz, L. W.; Fan, S.; Levy, H., II] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Henze, D. K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mauzerall, D. L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Mauzerall, D. L.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, J. -T.] Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Lab Climate & Ocean Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jfliu@pku.edu.cn RI Lin, Jintai/A-8872-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; OI Lin, Jintai/0000-0002-2362-2940; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Tao, Shu/0000-0002-7374-7063 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41222011, 41390240, 41130754, 41175127]; Chinese Ministry of Education [113001A]; "863" Hi-Tech R&D Program of China [2012AA063303]; 111 Project [B14001]; EPA STAR [83503701] FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments and helpful suggestions. We thank R. Gao for helpful discussion on HIPPO measurements. We also thank B. Yokelson, S. Nakao, A. Perring and M. Petters for helpful suggestions on BC aging. This work was supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under awards 41222011, 41390240 and 41130754, the Research Project of Chinese Ministry of Education no. 113001A, the "863" Hi-Tech R&D Program of China under grant no. 2012AA063303, as well as the 111 Project (B14001). D. K. Henze acknowledges support from EPA STAR grant 83503701, and this work does not reflect official EPA views or policies. J.-T. Lin is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant 41175127. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 29 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 12 BP 6315 EP 6327 DI 10.5194/acp-14-6315-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK5BH UT WOS:000338438300028 ER PT J AU Laesecke, A Burger, JL AF Laesecke, Arno Burger, Jessica L. TI Viscosity measurements of DNA solutions with and without condensing agents SO BIORHEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calf thymus DNA; capillary viscometer; cystic fibrosis; rotating concentric cylinder viscometer; sputum; viscosity ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; NUCLEIC-ACID; SPUTUM; RHEOLOGY; BIOLOGY; WATER; CONDENSATION; DISEASE; MUCUS AB Aqueous solutions calf thymus DNA at three concentrations were studied by viscosity measurements at ambient pressure. A gravitational capillary viscometer and a rotating cylinder viscometer were employed. Three polycations were tested as viscosity-reducing agents with measurements from 25 degrees C to 50 degrees C. The most significant viscosity reduction was achieved with spermine in a solution of DNA at 2 mg/ml concentration. Measurements of DNA solutions without agents from 10 degrees C to 90 degrees C revealed concentration-dependent viscosity maxima in the range from 50 degrees C to 65 degrees C. The associated increases in viscosity were as high as 400%. A two-liquids model for solutions of double-and single-stranded DNA was developed that closely represented the experimental data. C1 [Laesecke, Arno; Burger, Jessica L.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Laesecke, A (reprint author), NIST, Mailstop 647-07,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Arno.Laesecke@Boulder.NIST.Gov FU University of Colorado, Boulder; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Collaborative seed grant funding for this work was provided by the University of Colorado, Boulder, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Fruitful discussions with Dr. Jack Surek, NIST Boulder, are gratefully acknowledged. We thank Dr. Elisabeth Mansfield, NIST Boulder, for assistance with the agarose gel and an anonymous reviewer whose constructive comments helped to improve the manuscript. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-355X EI 1878-5034 J9 BIORHEOLOGY JI Biorheology PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 15 EP 28 DI 10.3233/BIR-140649 PG 14 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Hematology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Hematology GA AK6CG UT WOS:000338514700002 PM 24598380 ER PT J AU Burger, J Yamamoto, H Suzuki, T Laesecke, A AF Burger, Jessica Yamamoto, Hideki Suzuki, Takamasa Laesecke, Arno TI Application of falling-needle rheometry to highly concentrated DNA solutions SO BIORHEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calf thymus DNA; falling-needle rheometer; yield stress; melting temperature; viscosity ID DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID SOLUTIONS; NEUTROPHIL EXTRACELLULAR DNA; ENTANGLED POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; RETARDATION TIMES; TEMPERATURE; VISCOSITY; DYNAMICS; VISCOMETER; PREECLAMPSIA AB High-concentration DNA solutions are common both in vitro and in vivo, and understanding the rheological properties is a critical area of bioscience. Our previous measurements on high-concentration DNA solutions (2-6 mg/ml) interestingly provided evidence for a viscosity maximum with temperature. Under the influence of temperature, the measured viscosities indicated distinct differences in the interactions of highly polymerized DNA in unbuffered and buffered aqueous solutions. Under the same conditions, the buffered solutions were always less viscous, and in addition the viscosity maximum was not observed. In this research we have utilized a falling-needle rheometer in order to gain more insight into the nature of the previously observed viscosity maxima. The shape of the flow curves for all the DNA solutions indicated that the solutions are shear-thinning and has allowed us to confirm the existence of the viscosity maximum in unbuffered DNA solutions. Also we have been able to measure flow curves at very low shear rates, <10 s(-1). These results showed that the flow curves intersect and that the lower the concentration of DNA in solution, the lower is the temperature where the flow curves will intersect. Thus, the viscosity-temperature dependence is also a function of the shear rates experienced by the solution. Finally, as expected, the flow behavior of the DNA solutions becomes more Newtonian with increasing temperature, and there appears to be a small yield stress that decreases with increasing temperature. C1 [Burger, Jessica; Laesecke, Arno] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yamamoto, Hideki; Suzuki, Takamasa] Kansai Univ, Dept Chem Energy & Environm Engn, Suita, Osaka, Japan. RP Burger, J (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway,Mail Code 647-07, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Jessica.Burger@NIST.Gov FU National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) postdoctoral fellowship at NIST FX JLB gratefully acknowledges a National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council (NAS/NRC) postdoctoral fellowship at NIST. A special "thank you" is also extended to Lia Rebits for her help with the real time PCR work. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-355X EI 1878-5034 J9 BIORHEOLOGY JI Biorheology PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 29 EP 45 DI 10.3233/BIR-140650 PG 17 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Hematology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Hematology GA AK6CG UT WOS:000338514700003 PM 24732286 ER PT J AU Sandholt, PE Farrugia, CJ Denig, WF AF Sandholt, P. E. Farrugia, C. J. Denig, W. F. TI M-I coupling across the auroral oval at dusk and midnight: repetitive substorm activity driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (CMEs) SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Magnetospheric physics; magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; POLAR-CAP CONVECTION; FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; IMF B-Y; ELECTRIC-FIELD; PLASMA SHEET; HARANG DISCONTINUITY; MAGNETOSPHERIC SUBSTORMS; EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE; MODEL AB We study substorms from two perspectives, i.e., magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling across the auroral oval at dusk and at midnight magnetic local times. By this approach we monitor the activations/expansions of basic elements of the substorm current system (Bostrom type I centered at midnight and Bostrom type II maximizing at dawn and dusk) during the evolution of the substorm activity. Emphasis is placed on the R1 and R2 types of field-aligned current (FAC) coupling across the Harang reversal at dusk. We distinguish between two distinct activity levels in the substorm expansion phase, i.e., an initial transient phase and a persistent phase. These activities/phases are discussed in relation to polar cap convection which is continuously monitored by the polar cap north (PCN) index. The substorm activity we selected occurred during a long interval of continuously strong solar wind forcing at the interplanetary coronal mass ejection passage on 18 August 2003. The advantage of our scientific approach lies in the combination of (i) continuous ground observations of the ionospheric signatures within wide latitude ranges across the auroral oval at dusk and midnight by meridian chain magnetometer data, (ii) "snapshot" satellite (DMSP F13) observations of FAC/precipitation/ion drift profiles, and (iii) observations of current disruption/near-Earth magnetic field dipolarizations at geostationary altitude. Under the prevailing fortunate circumstances we are able to discriminate between the roles of the dayside and nightside sources of polar cap convection. For the nightside source we distinguish between the roles of inductive and potential electric fields in the two substages of the substorm expansion phase. According to our estimates the observed dipolarization rate (delta B-z/delta t) and the inferred large spatial scales (in radial and azimuthal dimensions) of the dipolarization process in these strong substorm expansions may lead to 50-100 kV enhancements of the cross-polar-cap potential due to inductive electric field coupling. C1 [Sandholt, P. E.] Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. [Farrugia, C. J.] Univ New Hampshire, Space Sci Ctr, Durham, England. [Denig, W. F.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sandholt, PE (reprint author), Univ Oslo, Dept Phys, Oslo, Norway. EM p.e.sandholt@fys.uio.no FU Norwegian Research Council (NFR); NASA [NNX13AP39G] FX We thank Truls Lynne Hansen, Ari Viljanen and the Finnish Meteorological institute for operating the IMAGE chain magnetometers in Svalbard-Scandinavia (http-address:www.geo.fmi.fi/image). The Poker Flat magnetometer (Fig. 11) is operated by the Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fair-banks. Work at University of Oslo is supported by the Norwegian Research Council (NFR). Work at UNH is supported by NASA grant NNX13AP39G. NR 75 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 EI 1432-0576 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2014 VL 32 IS 4 BP 333 EP 351 DI 10.5194/angeo-32-333-2014 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ8IO UT WOS:000337946900002 ER PT J AU Stafford, DM Sogard, SM Berkeley, SA AF Stafford, David M. Sogard, Susan M. Berkeley, Steven A. TI Maternal influence on timing of parturition, fecundity, and larval quality in three shelf rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sebaste; Maternal effects; Larval quality; Timing of parturition; Fecundity ID VIVIPAROUS YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; FISH POPULATIONS; PACIFIC ROCKFISH; ENERGY RESERVES; GENUS SEBASTES; AGE; REPRODUCTION; VALIDATION; SURVIVAL; OREGON AB Differences in maternal investment and reproductive timing can have important consequences for offspring survival. Prior studies on nearshore rockfishes have shown significant effects of maternal age and size on the timing of parturition, fecundity, and larval quality, offering advantages to population persistence by maintaining age diversity in rockfish populations. In this study, reproduction in chilipepper Sebastes goodei, widow rockfish S. entomelas, and yellowtail rockfish S. flavidus was examined to determine whether age-and size-related effects on maternal investment and reproductive timing are exhibited in deeper-dwelling species of this genus. Parturition dates were derived from fine-scale staging of pre-parturition embryos from gravid females. Measurements of embryonic energy reserves (oil globule and yolk), indicators of condition, were used to estimate depletion rates and to test for maternal age and size effects on larval quality. For widow and yellowtail rockfish, larger or older rockfish gave birth earlier in the parturition season than younger, smaller fishes. Maternal factors of weight, length, or age were positively correlated to absolute and relative (weight-specific) fecundity in all species. A trade-off was observed between egg size and fecundity among species, with chilipepper displaying larger egg size and lower fecundity relative to widow and yellowtail rockfish. Embryonic reserves were weakly but significantly related to age only in chilipepper, with embryos from larger, older mothers having larger oil globules. Since the strength of maternal effects varies among Sebastes species, information on maternal influence can assist managers in identifying species most likely to benefit from the protection of age structure afforded by marine reserves or other fisheries regulations. C1 [Stafford, David M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Stafford, David M.; Sogard, Susan M.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Berkeley, Steven A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Stafford, DM (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pob 450, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM david.stafford@noaa.gov FU California Sea Grant [R/MLPA-03]; NOAA Fisheries FX We thank G. Cailliet, S. Parker, and L. Allen for their advice and helpful comments. We appreciate R. Powers of the New Sea Angler and the efforts of the volunteer fisherman who assisted in rockfish collection. N. Kashef and N. Parker provided valuable assistance in field work and fish processing. L. Jennings, T. Archer, and S. Brown assisted with fecundity estimation. We thank J. Field for a thorough review of an earlier draft of the paper. We are grateful to D. Pearson for help with ageing. Financial support for this study was provided by California Sea Grant project R/MLPA-03 to S. A. B., and S. Parker, entitled 'Using life history characteristics to determine optimum placement of marine reserves', and by NOAA Fisheries. NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 EI 1864-7782 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2014 VL 21 IS 1 BP 11 EP 24 DI 10.3354/ab00564 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AJ8QR UT WOS:000337972200001 ER PT J AU Gentner, DR Ormeno, E Fares, S Ford, TB Weber, R Park, JH Brioude, J Angevine, WM Karlik, JF Goldstein, AH AF Gentner, D. R. Ormeno, E. Fares, S. Ford, T. B. Weber, R. Park, J-H. Brioude, J. Angevine, W. M. Karlik, J. F. Goldstein, A. H. TI Emissions of terpenoids, benzenoids, and other biogenic gas-phase organic compounds from agricultural crops and their potential implications for air quality SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CENTRAL VALLEY; SESQUITERPENE EMISSIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; UNITED-STATES; ALPHA-PINENE; FLORAL SCENT; AERIAL PARTS; AEROSOL; MONOTERPENE; OXIDATION AB Agriculture comprises a substantial, and increasing, fraction of land use in many regions of the world. Emissions from agricultural vegetation and other biogenic and anthropogenic sources react in the atmosphere to produce ozone and secondary organic aerosol, which comprises a substantial fraction of particulate matter (PM2.5). Using data from three measurement campaigns, we examine the magnitude and composition of reactive gas-phase organic carbon emissions from agricultural crops and their potential to impact regional air quality relative to anthropogenic emissions from motor vehicles in California's San Joaquin Valley, which is out of compliance with state and federal standards for tropospheric ozone PM2.5. Emission rates for a suite of terpenoid compounds were measured in a greenhouse for 25 representative crops from California in 2008. Ambient measurements of terpenoids and other biogenic compounds in the volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compound ranges were made in the urban area of Bakersfield and over an orange orchard in a rural area of the San Joaquin Valley during two 2010 seasons: summer and spring flowering. We combined measurements from the orchard site with ozone modeling methods to assess the net effect of the orange trees on regional ozone. When accounting for both emissions of reactive precursors and the deposition of ozone to the orchard, the orange trees are a net source of ozone in the springtime during flowering, and relatively neutral for most of the summer until the fall, when it becomes a sink. Flowering was a major emission event and caused a large increase in emissions including a suite of compounds that had not been measured in the atmosphere before. Such biogenic emission events need to be better parameterized in models as they have significant potential to impact regional air quality since emissions increase by several factors to over an order of magnitude. In regions like the San Joaquin Valley, the mass of biogenic emissions from agricultural crops during the summer (without flowering) and the potential ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation from these emissions are on the same order as anthropogenic emissions from motor vehicles and must be considered in air quality models and secondary pollution control strategies. C1 [Gentner, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ormeno, E.; Fares, S.; Weber, R.; Park, J-H.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ormeno, E.] Aix Marseille Univ, IMBE, CNRS, UMR 7263, Marseille, France. [Fares, S.] Consiglio Ric Sperimentaz Agr CRA Res Ctr Soil Pl, Rome, Italy. [Ford, T. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Karlik, J. F.] Univ Calif Cooperat Extens, Kern County, CA USA. RP Gentner, DR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM drew.gentner@yale.edu RI Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Fares, Silvano/H-4322-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; Fares, Silvano/0000-0002-1990-0928; FU California Air Resources Board [06-329]; Citrus Research Board FX We would like to acknowledge the California Air Resources Board (contract no. 06-329) and the Citrus Research Board for their support. This work does not carry the endorsement of either funding agency nor has it been reviewed by them. We thank Alex Guenther (NCAR) for his valuable comments and discussion of the manuscript. We would also like to thank Jim and Milo Gordon, Megan McKay, Joshua Pepper, Raymond Lo, Kurt Schmidt, Mark Sabin, and staff of the Oxford Tract Greenhouse (UC Berkeley) and the UC Cooperative Extension centers at Lindcove and Bakersfield. NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 58 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11 BP 5393 EP 5413 DI 10.5194/acp-14-5393-2014 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ6KO UT WOS:000337803100008 ER PT J AU Zhang, HF Chen, BZ van der Laan-Luijkx, IT Machida, T Matsueda, H Sawa, Y Fukuyama, Y Langenfelds, R van der Schoot, M Xu, G Yan, JW Cheng, ML Zhou, LX Tans, PP Peters, W AF Zhang, H. F. Chen, B. Z. van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. Machida, T. Matsueda, H. Sawa, Y. Fukuyama, Y. Langenfelds, R. van der Schoot, M. Xu, G. Yan, J. W. Cheng, M. L. Zhou, L. X. Tans, P. P. Peters, W. TI Estimating Asian terrestrial carbon fluxes from CONTRAIL aircraft and surface CO2 observations for the period 2006-2010 SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; MODEL FORMULATION; TRANSPORT MODELS; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-ASIA; EAST-ASIA; CHINA AB Current estimates of the terrestrial carbon fluxes in Asia show large uncertainties particularly in the boreal and mid-latitudes and in China. In this paper, we present an updated carbon flux estimate for Asia ('Asia' refers to lands as far west as the Urals and is divided into boreal Eurasia, temperate Eurasia and tropical Asia based on TransCom regions) by introducing aircraft CO2 measurements from the CONTRAIL (Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airline) program into an inversion modeling system based on the CarbonTracker framework. We estimated the averaged annual total Asian terrestrial land CO2 sink was about -1.56 Pg C yr(-1) over the period 2006-2010, which offsets about one-third of the fossil fuel emission from Asia (+4.15 Pg C yr(-1)). The uncertainty of the terrestrial uptake estimate was derived from a set of sensitivity tests and ranged from -1.07 to -1.80 Pg C yr(-1), comparable to the formal Gaussian error of +/- 1.18 Pg C yr(-1) (1-sigma). The largest sink was found in forests, predominantly in coniferous forests (-0.64 +/- 0.70 Pg C yr(-1)) and mixed forests (-0.14 +/- 0.27 Pg C yr(-1)); and the second and third large carbon sinks were found in grass/shrub lands and croplands, accounting for -0.44 +/- 0.48 Pg C yr(-1) and -0.20 +/- 0.48 Pg C yr(-1), respectively. The carbon fluxes per ecosystem type have large a priori Gaussian uncertainties, and the reduction of uncertainty based on assimilation of sparse observations over Asia is modest (8.7-25.5%) for most individual ecosystems. The ecosystem flux adjustments follow the detailed a priori spatial patterns by design, which further increases the reliance on the a priori biosphere exchange model. The peak-to-peak amplitude of inter-annual variability (IAV) was 0.57 Pg C yr(-1) ranging from -1.71 Pg C yr(-1) to -2.28 Pg C yr(-1). The IAV analysis reveals that the Asian CO2 sink was sensitive to climate variations, with the lowest uptake in 2010 concurrent with a summer flood and autumn drought and the largest CO2 sink in 2009 owing to favorable temperature and plentiful precipitation conditions. We also found the inclusion of the CONTRAIL data in the inversion modeling system reduced the uncertainty by 11% over the whole Asian region, with a large reduction in the southeast of boreal Eurasia, southeast of temperate Eurasia and most tropical Asian areas. C1 [Zhang, H. F.; Chen, B. Z.; Xu, G.; Yan, J. W.; Cheng, M. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Zhang, H. F.; Xu, G.; Yan, J. W.; Cheng, M. L.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.; Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual MAQ, NL-6700 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Machida, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Matsueda, H.; Sawa, Y.] Meteorol Res Inst, Geochem Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan. [Fukuyama, Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Atmospher Environm Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Langenfelds, R.; van der Schoot, M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Zhou, L. X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Res Inst Atmospher Composit, China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Atmospher Chem, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peters, W.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Chen, BZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM baozhang.chen@igsnrr.ac.cn; wouter.peters@wur.nl RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/G-9169-2011; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012 OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/0000-0002-3990-6737; FU Global Change Program of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB950704]; Strategic Priority Research Program "Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05040403]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2013AA122002]; National Science Foundation of China [41271116]; Research Plan of LREIS [O88RA900KA]; CAS; Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS [2012ZD010]; "One Hundred Talents" program - Chinese Academy of Sciences; NWO VIDI Grant [864.08.012]; China Exchange Program project [12CDP006]; European Union [283080] FX We wish to thank the Y. Niwa of Geochemical Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan for providing many important comparable results and useful comments on this study. We kindly acknowledge all atmospheric data providers to the ObsPack version 1.0.2, and those that contribute their data to WDCGG. We are grateful to M. Ramonet of French RAMCES (Reseau Atmospherique de Mesure des Composes a Effet de Serre), A. J. Gomez-Pelaez of Izana Atmospheric Research Center (IARC), Meteorological State Agency of Spain (AEMET), Spain, B. Stephens of NCAR, L. Haszpra of Hungarian Meteorological Service and S. Hammer of University of Heidelberg, Institut fuer Umweltphysik for CO2 time series used in this assimilation system. This research is supported by a research grant (2010CB950704) under the Global Change Program of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, the Strategic Priority Research Program "Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05040403), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant no. 2013AA122002), the research grant (41271116) funded by the National Science Foundation of China, a Research Plan of LREIS (O88RA900KA), CAS, a research grant (2012ZD010) of Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS, and "One Hundred Talents" program funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Wouter Peters was supported by an NWO VIDI Grant (864.08.012) and the Chinese-Dutch collaboration was funded by the China Exchange Program project (12CDP006). I. van der Laan-Luijkx has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 283080, project GEOCARBON. NR 77 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 11 BP 5807 EP 5824 DI 10.5194/acp-14-5807-2014 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ6KO UT WOS:000337803100031 ER PT J AU Chen, X Naresh, D Upmanu, L Hao, Z Dong, L Ju, Q Wang, J Wang, S AF Chen, X. Naresh, D. Upmanu, L. Hao, Z. Dong, L. Ju, Q. Wang, J. Wang, S. TI China's water sustainability in the 21st century: a climate-informed water risk assessment covering multi-sector water demands SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RESOURCES AB China is facing a water resources crisis with growing concerns as to the reliable supply of water for agricultural, industrial and domestic needs. High inter-annual rainfall variability and increasing consumptive use across the country exacerbates the situation further and is a constraint on future development. For water sustainability, it is necessary to examine the differences in water demand and supply and their spatio-temporal distribution in order to quantify the dimensions of the water risk. Here, a detailed quantitative assessment of water risk as measured by the spatial distribution of cumulated deficits for China is presented. Considering daily precipitation and temperature variability over fifty years and the current water demands, risk measures are developed to inform county level water deficits that account for both within-year and across-year variations in climate. We choose political rather than watershed boundaries since economic activity and water use are organized by county and the political process is best informed through that unit. As expected, the risk measures highlight North China Plain counties as highly water stressed. Regions with high water stress have high inter-annual variability in rainfall and now have depleted groundwater aquifers. The stress components due to agricultural, industrial and domestic water demands are illustrated separately to assess the vulnerability of particular sectors within the country to provide a basis for targeted policy analysis for reducing water stress. C1 [Chen, X.; Hao, Z.; Ju, Q.; Wang, J.] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Chen, X.] Changjiang Water Resources Commiss, Bur Hydrol, Wuhan 430010, Peoples R China. [Naresh, D.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Naresh, D.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Chen, X.; Upmanu, L.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Upmanu, L.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Columbia Water Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dong, L.] IWHR, Res Ctr Sustainable Hydropower Dev, Beijing 10038, Peoples R China. [Wang, S.] Huai River Comm, Hydrol Bur, Bengbu 233001, Peoples R China. RP Chen, X (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM glbycx2012@gmail.com; ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu FU Columbia Water Center; Pepsico Foundation; China Scholarship Council; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB951103]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41271042, 41101015, 41101016]; Liaoning Social Science Foundation of China [L12BZZ010]; Nonprofit Industry Research Special Fund of MWR [201101003]; Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [1069-50985512] FX The authors would like to thank the editor and two anonymous referees who kindly reviewed the earlier version of this manuscript and provided valuable suggestions and comments. We also thank China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System and EOS-Earth data library for providing the data used in this study. The work was funded in part by the Columbia Water Center, the Pepsico Foundation, China Scholarship Council, the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951103), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271042, 41101015, and 41101016), Liaoning Social Science Foundation of China (L12BZZ010), Nonprofit Industry Research Special Fund of MWR (201101003) and the Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (1069-50985512). NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 5 BP 1653 EP 1662 DI 10.5194/hess-18-1653-2014 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AJ8JJ UT WOS:000337949000008 ER PT J AU Hoglund, J Kiss, Z Nadudvari, G Kovacs, Z Velkei, S Moore, C Vartanian, V Allen, RA AF Hoeglund, Jonny Kiss, Zoltan Nadudvari, Gyorgy Kovacs, Zsolt Velkei, Szabolcs Moore, Chris Vartanian, Victor Allen, Richard A. TI Detection and characterization of three-dimensional interconnect bonding voids by infrared microscopy SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE infrared; microscopy; optical inspection; optical systems AB The three-dimensional (3-D) integrated circuit relies on the stacking of multiple two-dimensional integrated circuits into a single device using through silicon vias (TSVs) as the vertical interconnect. There are a number of factors driving 3-D integration, including reduced power consumption, resistance-capacitance delay, form factor, as well as increased bandwidth. One of the critical process steps in all 3-D processes is stacking, which may take the form of wafer-to-wafer, chip-to-wafer, or chip-to-chip bonding. This bonding may be temporary, such as can be used for attaching a device wafer to a handle wafer for thinning, or permanent, incorporating direct metal bonds or solder bumps to carry signals between the wafers and oxide bonds or underfill in the regions without conductors. In each of these processes, it is critical that the bonding is executed in such a way to prevent the occurrence of voids between the layers. This article describes the capabilities of infrared (IR) microscopy to detect micrometer size voids that can form in optically transparent blanket media such as oxide-to-oxide permanent bonding, benzocyclobuten permanent bonding, or temporary adhesive bonding laminate interfaces. The infrared microscope is described, and the measurement results from a bonded void wafer set are included. The wafers used to demonstrate the tool's capabilities include programmed voids with various sizes, densities, and depths. The results obtained from the IR microscopy measurements give an overview of the technique's capability to detect and measure voids as well as some of its limitations. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 [Hoeglund, Jonny; Kiss, Zoltan; Nadudvari, Gyorgy; Kovacs, Zsolt; Velkei, Szabolcs] SEMILAB, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Vartanian, Victor] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Allen, Richard A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hoglund, J (reprint author), SEMILAB, 47 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM jonny.hoglund@semilab.com NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 AR 011208 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.13.1.011208 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA AK7TL UT WOS:000338630500033 ER PT J AU Vartanian, V Allen, RA Smith, L Hummler, K Olson, S Sapp, B AF Vartanian, Victor Allen, Richard A. Smith, Larry Hummler, Klaus Olson, Steve Sapp, Brian TI Metrology needs for through-silicon via fabrication SO JOURNAL OF MICRO-NANOLITHOGRAPHY MEMS AND MOEMS LA English DT Article DE interconnects; interferometry; metrology; optical inspection; semiconductors; x-rays AB This paper focuses on the metrology needs and challenges of through-silicon via (TSV) fabrication, consisting of TSV etch, liner, barrier, and seed (L/B/S) depositions, copper plating, and copper chemical mechanical planarization. These TSVs, with typical dimensions within a factor of two or so of approximate to 5 mu m x 50 mu m (diameter x depth), present an innovative set of metrology challenges because of the high aspect ratio and large feature sizes. The metallization deposition process includes thin layers of L/B/S metal; metrology for these layers determines whether there is complete coverage of the sidewalls. Metrology for the fill step includes verifying that the TSVs are deposited without voids and that the extent of stress on the surrounding silicon does not exceed acceptable limits. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) C1 [Vartanian, Victor; Smith, Larry; Hummler, Klaus; Olson, Steve; Sapp, Brian] SEMATECH, Ctr 3D, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Allen, Richard A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Olson, Steve] SUNY Albany, Coll Nanosci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Vartanian, V (reprint author), SEMATECH, Ctr 3D, 257 Fuller Rd,Suite 2200, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM victor.vartanian@sematech.org NR 37 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1932-5150 EI 1932-5134 J9 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEM JI J. Micro-Nanolithogr. MEMS MOEMS PD JAN-MAR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 1 AR 011206 DI 10.1117/1.JMM.13.1.011206 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA AK7TL UT WOS:000338630500031 ER PT J AU Hood, RR DeVoe, DL Atencia, J Vreeland, WN Omiatek, DM AF Hood, Renee R. DeVoe, Don L. Atencia, Javier Vreeland, Wyatt N. Omiatek, Donna M. TI A facile route to the synthesis of monodisperse nanoscale liposomes using 3D microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing in a concentric capillary array SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE PDMS MICROCHANNELS; INJECTION METHOD; LIPID VESICLES; NANOPARTICLES; SONICATION; FLOWS; SIZE AB A novel microscale device has been developed to enable the one-step continuous flow assembly of monodisperse nanoscale liposomes using three-dimensional microfluidic hydrodynamic focusing (3D-MHF) in a concentric capillary array. The 3D-MHF flow technique displays patent advantages over conventional methods for nanoscale liposome manufacture (i.e., bulk-scale alcohol injection and/or sonication) through the on-demand synthesis of consistently uniform liposomes without the need for post-processing strategies. Liposomes produced by the 3D-MHF device are of tunable size, have a factor of two improvement in polydispersity, and a production rate that is four orders of magnitude higher than previous MHF methods, which can be attributed to entirely radially symmetric diffusion of alcohol-solvated lipid into an aqueous flow stream. Moreover, the 3D-MHF platform is simple to construct from low-cost, commercially-available components, which obviates the need for advanced microfabrication strategies necessitated by previous MHF nanoparticle synthesis platforms. C1 [Hood, Renee R.; DeVoe, Don L.; Atencia, Javier] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Atencia, Javier] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.; Omiatek, Donna M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vreeland, WN (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wyatt.vreeland@nist.gov; donna.omiatek@insmed.com RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993 FU National Research Council; National Institute for Standards and Technology's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (NIST-ARRA) Graduate Fellowship through the University of Maryland FX D.M. Omiatek acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the National Research Council. R.R. Hood acknowledges a National Institute for Standards and Technology's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program (NIST-ARRA) Graduate Fellowship through the University of Maryland. NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 38 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2014 VL 14 IS 14 BP 2403 EP 2409 DI 10.1039/c4lc00334a PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AJ9NH UT WOS:000338037900004 PM 24825622 ER PT J AU Thompson, AR Auth, TD Brodeur, RD Bowlin, NM Watson, W AF Thompson, Andrew R. Auth, Toby D. Brodeur, Richard D. Bowlin, Noelle M. Watson, William TI Dynamics of larval fish assemblages in the California Current System: a comparative study between Oregon and southern California SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Ichthyoplankton; Fisheries; Ecosystem dynamics; Oceanography; California Current ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; NEARSHORE COASTAL WATERS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC-OCEAN; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; ICHTHYOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; EL-NINO; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AB Boundary currents influence near-shore ecosystems worldwide, and understanding how fish assemblages change spatially and temporally throughout these systems is important for establishing the scale at which ecosystem-based management (EBM) should be conducted. Because most research on boundary currents in general, and the California Current System (CCS) in particular, have been restricted to only small portions of the systems, it is largely unknown whether fish assemblages in boundary currents form one coherent ecosystem or if changes in assemblage structure are locally independent. We expand the geographic scope of previous analyses on ichthyoplankton assemblages within boundary currents by comparing dynamics in 2 widely separated regions of the CCS: Oregon (similar to 45 degrees N) and southern California (similar to 34 degrees N) in spring and summer from 2004 to 2011. Both region and season affected assemblage structure. Some taxa that were moderately common in California were consistently rare or absent in Oregon (and vice versa), and the presence of most decreased in summer in both regions. However, the assemblages were very similar in some years. Off Oregon, the assemblage most resembled California's when the ocean temperature was relatively high and northern anchovy Engraulis mordax was abundant. Assemblage dynamics were well explained by environmental change in Oregon. By contrast, California's assemblage and environmental variability correlated poorly. Population sizes of taxa common to both regions did not fluctuate coherently in Oregon and California. These findings are important for EBM because they indicate that it is not possible to extrapolate results from spatially restricted localities to understand assemblage dynamics throughout the entire CCS. C1 [Thompson, Andrew R.; Bowlin, Noelle M.; Watson, William] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Auth, Toby D.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Thompson, AR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM andrew.thompson@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program; Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Southwest Fisheries Science Center FX We extend our gratitude to the seagoing crew that collected samples, including Dave Griffith, Sue Manion, and Amy Hayes in California, and Jason Phillips, Tristan Britt, and Andrew Claiborne in Oregon. Larvae were sorted and identified by Elaine Acuna, Dave Ambrose, Sherri Charter, and Sarah Zao in California. This research was supported by NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program and the Northwest and Southwest Fisheries Science Centers. Comments by Thomas Adam, Sam McClatchie, Jameal Samhouri and 4 anonymous reviewers greatly improved the manuscript. NR 98 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 506 BP 193 EP U507 DI 10.3354/meps10801 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AK0QR UT WOS:000338120000013 ER PT J AU Chon, B Briggman, K Hwang, J AF Chon, Bonghwan Briggman, Kimberly Hwang, Jeeseong TI Single molecule confocal fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy for accurate nanoparticle size determination SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIVING CELLS; ONE-PHOTON; MICROSCOPY; BIOTECHNOLOGY; FLUOROPHORES; PARTICLES; DIFFUSION; VOLUME AB We report on an experimental procedure in confocal single molecule fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy (FLCS) to determine the range of excitation power and molecular or particulate concentration in solution under which the application of an unmodified model autocorrelation function is justified. This procedure enables fitting of the autocorrelation to an accurate model to measure diffusion length (r) and diffusion time (tau(D)) of single molecules in solution. We also report on the pinhole size dependency of r and tau(D) in a confocal FLCS platform. This procedure determines a set of experimental parameters with which the Stokes-Einstein (S-E) equation accurately measures the hydrodynamic radii of spherical nanoparticles, enabling the determination of the particle size range for which the hydrodynamic radius by the S-E equation measures the real particle radius. C1 [Chon, Bonghwan; Briggman, Kimberly; Hwang, Jeeseong] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Phys Measurement Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jch@nist.gov FU NIST intramural innovative measurement science (IMS) program; NIST intramural Nanoparticle Environmental Health and Safety (NanoEHS) program FX This research was supported by the NIST intramural innovative measurement science (IMS) program on "optical medical imaging for clinical applications'' and by the NIST intramural Nanoparticle Environmental Health and Safety (NanoEHS) program. The authors thank Dr Minhua Zhao for SEM imaging of NPs. The authors also thank Drs David Allen, Maritoni Litorja, Eric Shirley, Vivek Prabhu, and Ajit Jillavenkatesa at NIST for useful discussions. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this manuscript to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 27 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 26 BP 13418 EP 13425 DI 10.1039/c4cp01197j PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AJ6FJ UT WOS:000337785400046 PM 24879354 ER PT J AU Li, XF Guo, HD AF Li, Xiaofeng Guo, Huadong TI Remote sensing of the China Seas PREFACE SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, NCWCP E RA3, College Pk, MD USA. [Guo, Huadong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, NCWCP E RA3, College Pk, MD USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 3919 EP 3925 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.920599 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ4EB UT WOS:000337623200001 ER PT J AU Zhao, ZX Liu, BQ Li, XF AF Zhao, Zhongxiang Liu, Bingqing Li, Xiaofeng TI Internal solitary waves in the China seas observed using satellite remote-sensing techniques: a review and perspectives SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Review ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; LUZON STRAIT; POLARITY CONVERSION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; IMAGING RADAR; YELLOW SEA; SAR; EVOLUTION; OCEAN; GENERATION AB Internal solitary waves (ISWs) occur ubiquitously in China's waters: the South China Sea (SCS), the East China Sea (ECS), the Yellow Sea (YS), and the Bohai Sea (BS). ISWs have long attracted much research interest because of their important role in ocean acoustics, offshore engineering, ocean mixing, primary productivity, and submarine navigation. ISWs have sea surface signatures that can be detected by satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical sensors. Satellite remote-sensing images provide excellent two-dimensional views of the ISW field. Our understanding of ISWs in the China Seas has been greatly improved using satellite remote-sensing techniques. The primary objectives of this paper are to review the development of remote-sensing techniques in the study of ISWs and to summarize ISW characteristics in the China seas, mainly demonstrated by remote-sensing techniques. In addition, several issues with remote-sensing techniques and interesting research topics are discussed. C1 [Zhao, Zhongxiang] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Liu, Bingqing] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Coll Marine Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhao, ZX (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM zzhao@apl.washington.edu RI Zhao, Zhongxiang/A-1918-2012; Liu, Bingqing/E-6932-2015; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Science Foundation [OCE1129129]; Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Programme; European Space Agency under Envisat Projects [19011, 6133] FX Zhongxiang Zhao was partly supported by the National Science Foundation OCE1129129. Bingqing Liu and Xiaofeng Li were supported by the Shanghai Dongfang Scholar Programme. The Envisat advanced SAR images were provided by the European Space Agency under Envisat Projects 19011 and 6133. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 91 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 3926 EP 3946 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.916442 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ4EB UT WOS:000337623200002 ER PT J AU Kim, TS Park, KA Li, XF Hong, S AF Kim, Tae-Sung Park, Kyung-Ae Li, Xiaofeng Hong, Sungwook TI SAR-derived wind fields at the coastal region in the East/Japan Sea and relation to coastal upwelling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTHWEST AFRICA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; OCEAN FRONTS; IMAGERY; GULF; PARAMETERIZATION AB The relationship between the modification of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wind field and coastal upwelling was investigated using high-resolution wind fields from Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band synthetic aperture radar (PALSAR) imagery and sea-surface temperature (SST) from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (NOAA/AVHRR) data. The retrieved SAR wind speeds seem to agree well with in situ buoy measurements with only a relatively small error of 0.7 m s(-1). The SAR wind fields retrieved from the east coast of Korea in August 2007 revealed a spatial distinction between near and offshore regions. Low wind speeds of less than 3 m s(-1) were associated with cold water regions with dominant coastal upwelling. Time series of in situ measurements of both wind speed and water temperature indicated that the upwelling was induced by the wind field. The low wind field from SAR was mainly induced by changes in atmospheric stability due to air-sea temperature differences. In addition, wind speed magnitude showed a positive correlation with the difference between SST and air temperature (R-2 = 0.63). The dependence of viscosity of water on radar backscattering at the present upwelling region was negligible since SAR data showed a relatively large backscattering attenuation to an SST ratio of 1.2 dB degrees C-1. This study also addressed the important role of coastal upwelling on biological bloom under oligotrophic environments during summer. C1 [Kim, Tae-Sung] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Sci Educ, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Kyung-Ae] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Seoul, South Korea. [Park, Kyung-Ae] Seoul Natl Univ, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul, South Korea. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hong, Sungwook] Natl Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Satellite Anal Div, Jincheon, South Korea. RP Park, KA (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Seoul, South Korea. EM kapark@snu.ac.kr RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Meteorological Satellite Centre [153-3100-3137-302-210-13]; Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea FX This study was supported by National Meteorological Satellite Centre (Project No. 153-3100-3137-302-210-13). Data processing was supported by the 'East Asian Seas Time series-I (EAST-I)' and the 'Long-term change of structure and function in marine ecosystems of Korea' projects funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, Korea. NR 61 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 3947 EP 3965 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.916438 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ4EB UT WOS:000337623200003 ER PT J AU Jin, SH Wang, S Li, XF AF Jin, Shaohui Wang, Shuang Li, Xiaofeng TI Typhoon eye extraction with an automatic SAR image segmentation method SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; IMPACT; ENHANCEMENT; HURRICANES; FILTER; NOISE; OCEAN; WINDS AB Spaceborne microwave synthetic aperture radar (SAR), with its high spatial resolution (10-100 m), large area coverage, and day/night imaging capability, has been used as an important tool for typhoon monitoring. Since the microwave signal can penetrate through clouds, SAR images reveal typhoon morphology at the sea surface. Within the region of a typhoon eye, wind speed and the associated sea surface roughness are usually low. Therefore, the typhoon eye can be well distinguished as dark areas in SAR images. However, automatic typhoon eye extraction from SAR images is hampered by SAR image speckle noise and other false-alarm dark features contained in an image. In this study, we propose an image processing approach to extract typhoon eyes from SAR images. The three-step image processing includes: (1) applying an extended non-local means image denoizing algorithm to reduce image speckle noise; (2) applying a top-hat transform to denoized imagery to enhance the contrast; and (3) using a labelled watershed to segment the typhoon eye. Experimental results from analysing three Environmental Satellite SAR typhoon images show that our approach provides fast and efficient SAR image segmentation for typhoon eye extraction. Typhoon eyes are segmented correctly, and their edges are well detected. Our experimental results are comparable to manually extracted typhoon eye information. Fine-tuning of this approach will provide an automatic tool for typhoon eye information extraction from SAR images. C1 [Jin, Shaohui; Wang, Shuang] Xidian Univ, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Intelligent Percept & Image Understanding, Xian, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA NESDIS, GST, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, S (reprint author), Xidian Univ, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Intelligent Percept & Image Understanding, Xian, Peoples R China. EM shwang@mail.xidian.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41228007, 41201350, 61173092, 61003198]; Shanghai Oriental Scholar Programme; Programme for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-11-0692]; Fund for Foreign Scholars in University Research and Teaching Programmes [B07048] FX This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 41228007, 41201350, 61173092, and 61003198]. The work was also supported by the Shanghai Oriental Scholar Programme. In addition, it was supported by the Programme for New Century Excellent Talents in University [grant number NCET-11-0692]; the Fund for Foreign Scholars in University Research and Teaching Programmes [grant number B07048]. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 3978 EP 3993 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.916447 PG 16 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ4EB UT WOS:000337623200005 ER PT J AU Ding, XW Li, XF AF Ding, Xianwen Li, Xiaofeng TI Shoreline movement monitoring based on SAR images in Shanghai, China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COASTLINE DETECTION; EDGE-DETECTION; COASTAL ZONE; EXTRACTION; SEGMENTATION; ENHANCEMENT; WATERS; DELTA; AREA; BAY AB In this article, a divide-and-combine approach and multiscale normalized cut techniques are combined to extract water-land boundaries from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. A validation study shows that waterline extraction from SAR using the proposed algorithm is consistent with that derived from Landsat optical remote-sensing imagery. Analysis of six European Remote Sensing-1/2 (ERS-1/2) satellite and Envisat SAR images acquired at spring tides in Lingang New City, a new land-reclamation city in the suburb of Shanghai, China, between 1993 and 2005 shows the shoreline movement of the study region. We find that the shoreline had minimum seaward movement in the region due to natural forces between 1993 and 1996. Between 1996 and 1999, the shoreline moved more in the eastern and slower in the western part due to artificial impelling siltation and deposition of silt in the Yangtze River. Later, between 1999 and 2005, the shoreline significantly changed following commencement of a tidal flat reclamation project. C1 [Ding, Xianwen] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Int Ctr Marine Studies, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, Ctr Weather & Climate Predict, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ding, XW (reprint author), Shanghai Ocean Univ, Int Ctr Marine Studies, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM xwding@shou.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission [12510501900]; Shanghai Oriental Scholar Programme; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, China [SOED1206] FX This work was supported by the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission [grant number 12510501900]; Shanghai Oriental Scholar Programme; and the State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, China [grant number SOED1206]. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 3994 EP 4008 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.916480 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ4EB UT WOS:000337623200006 ER PT J AU Bai, XL Liu, ZY Li, XF Hu, JY AF Bai, Xiaolin Liu, Zhiyu Li, Xiaofeng Hu, Jianyu TI Generation sites of internal solitary waves in the southern Taiwan Strait revealed by MODIS true-colour image observations SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID CHINA SEA; IBERIAN PENINSULA; MODEL; SAR; TIDES; WEST; EAST AB Based on 12 years (2000-2011) of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) true-colour images, statistical characteristics of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the southern Taiwan Strait were studied. Two types of ISWs with a distinct scale of wave crest length and geographic distributions were identified: Type-I waves have larger wave crest lengths and span a large area from the southern Taiwan Strait to the northern South China Sea, while Type-II waves have smaller wave crest lengths and appear only at the southeastern corner of the Taiwan Strait. Further analyses based on an empirical model of ISW propagation and on the calculations of the depth-integrated internal tide-generating body force suggested that Type-I waves mainly originate from the Luzon Strait, while Type-II waves are locally generated at the shelf break in the southeastern corner of the Taiwan Strait. C1 [Bai, Xiaolin; Liu, Zhiyu; Hu, Jianyu] Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Bai, Xiaolin; Liu, Zhiyu; Hu, Jianyu] Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, Dept Phys Oceanog, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, ZY (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM zyliu@xmu.edu.cn RI Liu, Zhiyu/G-3386-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Liu, Zhiyu/0000-0001-5293-1390; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41006017, 41276006, 41121091]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [2010121030]; National Basic Research Programme of China [2009CB21208] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41006017, 41276006, and 41121091), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (2010121030), and the National Basic Research Programme of China (2009CB21208). NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 4086 EP 4098 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.916453 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ4EB UT WOS:000337623200011 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Li, XF Hu, JY Sun, ZY Zhu, J Chen, ZZ AF Zhang, Fan Li, Xiaofeng Hu, Jianyu Sun, Zhenyu Zhu, Jia Chen, Zhaozhang TI Summertime sea surface temperature and salinity fronts in the southern Taiwan Strait SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID COASTAL UPWELLING FRONT; CHINA SEA; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; NUMERICAL-MODEL; OCEAN FRONTS; SATELLITE; TRANSITION; STABILITY; EAST AB Based on hydrographic survey and satellite data, three fronts were observed in the southern Taiwan Strait in summer. They are the Taiwan Bank Front (TBF), the Southwest Coastal Upwelling Front (SCUF), and the Pearl River Plume Extension Front (PRPEF). In addition to the temperature aspect of TBF and SCUF as indicated in previous studies, we find that TBF and SCUF could also be identified according to salinity. The TBF is closely related to the Taiwan Bank upwelling, tidal mixing, and the Pearl River Plume Extension. Different hydrographic conditions on the southern and northern sides of this front lead to a south-north asymmetric structure of the TBF. The relatively small Simpson-Hunter number around the Taiwan Bank indicates that the TBF may be a tidal front. The SCUF separates the wind-driven cold, saline coastal upwelling water from the warm, less saline offshore water. Owing to frontal instability, SCUF exhibits both short temporal (several days) and small spatial (several kilometres) scales, indicative of intense sub-mesoscale processes. Nonetheless, the weak summertime SCUF was revealed in the log-transformed satellite frontal map. Finally, apart from the commonly observed dominant PRPEF in summer, a bifurcation from the PRPEF was identified in most hydrographic sections. Once generated, this bifurcation is carried by the topography-following current away from the PRPEF. C1 [Zhang, Fan; Hu, Jianyu; Sun, Zhenyu; Zhu, Jia; Chen, Zhaozhang] Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361102, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Hu, JY (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, Coll Ocean & Earth Sci, State Key Lab Marine Environm Sci, Xiamen 361102, Peoples R China. EM hujy@xmu.edu.cn RI Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 FU National Basic Research Programme of China [2009CB421208]; Natural Science Foundation of China [41276006, 41121091, 41049905] FX This study is supported by the National Basic Research Programme of China through project 2009CB421208, and the Natural Science Foundation of China through projects 41276006, 41121091, and 41049905. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 EI 1366-5901 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2014 VL 35 IS 11-12 SI SI BP 4452 EP 4466 DI 10.1080/01431161.2014.916454 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AJ4EB UT WOS:000337623200032 ER PT J AU Colt, J AF Colt, John TI Impact of Stirring on the Luminescent Dissolved Oxygen Sensor SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article AB The impact of stirring on the response of the field YSI ProODO luminescence dissolved oxygen sensor was measured in a 300-mL biological oxygen demand (BOD) test bottle with a magnetic stirrer either on or off. With a water sample from a fish transport experiment, the dissolved oxygen dropped by 2-3 mg/L when the magnetic stirrer was turned off for 11 min. The initial rate of dissolved oxygen decline ranged from -0.39 to -1.04 mg/L per min for this water. The dissolved oxygen returned to a value projected from the oxygen uptake rate when the stirrer was turned on. A much smaller impact was observed for 18.2 M Omega high-purity water (mean: -0.11 mg/L). Acid-washing the BOD bottle/stir bar and cleaning the sensor cap reduced the decrease to -0.08 mg/L. Based on t-tests between pairs of stirring-on and stirring-off results, the lack of stirring had a significant effect on measured dissolved oxygen. The source of this effect and its potential impact on the accuracy of the optical probe under typical operating conditions remain to be determined. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov FU Western Regional Aquaculture Center from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service [2008-38500-19230] FX This project was supported by Western Regional Aquaculture Center Grant 2008-38500-19230 from the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (now the National Institute for Food and Agriculture, NIFA). Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PY 2014 VL 76 IS 3 BP 242 EP 244 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.893474 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AJ4TK UT WOS:000337669000008 ER PT S AU Bakaimi, I Abakumov, A Green, MA Lappas, A AF Bakaimi, Ioanna Abakumov, Artem Green, Mark A. Lappas, Alexandros BE Teherani, FH Look, DC Rogers, DJ TI Crystal, Magnetic and Dielectric Studies of the 2D Antiferromagnet: beta-NaMnO2 SO OXIDE-BASED MATERIALS AND DEVICES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Conference on Oxide-Based Materials and Devices V held at SPIE Photonics West CY FEB 02-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE magnetic frustration; neutron powder diffraction; dielectrics; magneto-electric coupling ID LAYERED MANGANESE DIOXIDES; WEAK FERROMAGNETISM; BEHAVIOR AB In this paper we present our recent studies on the crystal, magnetic and dielectric properties of the beta-NaMnO2. Experimental results of neutron powder and electron diffraction combined with measurements of the dielectric permittivity suggest that the beta-aMnO(2) is an excellent candidate for studying the coupling between the magnetic and electric degrees of freedom. Neutron powder diffraction data reveal the existence of a commensurate and an incommensurate magnetic structure at 200 K and below 100 K, respectively. Dielectric anomalies which appear at the temperature regions where the two magnetic structures emerge, indicate the appearance of magnetodielectric coupling. C1 [Bakaimi, Ioanna; Lappas, Alexandros] Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. [Bakaimi, Ioanna] Univ Crete, Dept Phys, Iraklion 71003, Greece. [Abakumov, Artem] Univ Antwerp, EMAT, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, Mark A.] Univ Kent, Sch Phys Sci, Canterbury CT2 7NH, Kent, England. RP Bakaimi, I (reprint author), Fdn Res & Technol Hellas, Inst Elect Struct & Laser, Iraklion 71110, Greece. FU European Union and Greek national funds through the Research Funding Program Heracleitus II [349309 WP1.56] FX This research has been co- financed by the European Union and Greek national funds through the Research Funding Program Heracleitus II (grand number 349309 WP1.56). We would also like to thank NCNR-NIST for providing beam time at the BT1 diffractometer. We are grateful to Prof. Vlacav Petricek for helpful discussions regarding the analysis of the 11 BM synchrotron data. NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9900-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8987 AR UNSP 898716 DI 10.1117/12.2036937 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA7IW UT WOS:000337582100027 ER PT J AU Ordonez, YN Anton, RF Davis, WC AF Ordonez, Yoana Nuevo Anton, Raymond F. Davis, W. Clay TI Quantification of total serum transferrin and transferrin sialoforms in human serum; an alternative method for the determination of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in clinical samples SO ANALYTICAL METHODS LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; ISOTOPE-DILUTION ANALYSIS; MULTICENTER EVALUATION; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CDT MEASUREMENTS; AXIS-SHIELD; ISOFORMS; HPLC; DISIALOTRANSFERRIN AB Carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) is a biochemical marker for congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), chronic alcohol consumption, and forensic medicine diagnosis. However it is necessary to take into account that CDT is not a single molecular entity but refers to a group of transferrin (Tf) sialoforms (asialo-, monosialo-, disialo-and occasionally trisialo-Tf). A number of methods have been developed for CDT measurement based on different analytical techniques and principles without harmonization or calibration to a reference method or a certified reference material, hampering understanding of the diagnostic value of CDT and its routine use. Thus, it is unquestionable that there is a need for a reference material which permits the accurate and precise determination of each individual Tf sialoform which could serve as a universal calibrator for routine immunologic methods used in clinical laboratories. In this work, we describe highly sensitive ICP-MS isotope dilution analysis (IDA) methods for the separation and quantification of the different Tf sialoforms in human serum. The methodology was applied to measure the concentration of each sialoform of Tf and the total concentration of Tf in the NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 909c human serum. Additionally, two clinical laboratory control serums utilized for routine analysis of CDT were also analyzed. The separation of the sialoforms was achieved by anion exchange chromatography. The two IDA techniques applied for the quantification of the Tf sialoforms were: (a) post-column IDA and (b) species-specific IDA with the total concentration of Tf calculated by these two being the sum of the individual sialoforms. A third IDA technique, exact matching IDA was applied to determine the total concentration of Tf in SRM 909c. All the Tf measurements were validated with the ERM-DA470-IFF human serum (IRMM, Geel, Belgium) certified for total Tf. Finally, the identification of each Tf sialoform previously separated in the serum (SRM 909c) was carried out by LC/MS/MS. C1 [Ordonez, Yoana Nuevo; Davis, W. Clay] NIST, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Anton, Raymond F.] Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. RP Ordonez, YN (reprint author), NIST, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM yoananuevo@gmail.com NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1759-9660 EI 1759-9679 J9 ANAL METHODS-UK JI Anal. Methods PY 2014 VL 6 IS 12 BP 3967 EP 3974 DI 10.1039/c4ay00159a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Spectroscopy GA AI7ZP UT WOS:000337121800009 ER PT J AU Van Tricht, K Gorodetskaya, IV Lhermitte, S Turner, DD Schween, JH Van Lipzig, NPM AF Van Tricht, K. Gorodetskaya, I. V. Lhermitte, S. Turner, D. D. Schween, J. H. Van Lipzig, N. P. M. TI An improved algorithm for polar cloud-base detection by ceilometer over the ice sheets SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MIXED-PHASE CLOUDS; RADIATION DRY BIAS; ARCTIC SURFACE; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; LIDAR; RADIOSONDES; ANTARCTICA; OCEAN; GREENLAND AB Optically thin ice and mixed-phase clouds play an important role in polar regions due to their effect on cloud radiative impact and precipitation. Cloud-base heights can be detected by ceilometers, low-power backscatter lidars that run continuously and therefore have the potential to provide basic cloud statistics including cloud frequency, base height and vertical structure. The standard cloud-base detection algorithms of ceilometers are designed to detect optically thick liquid-containing clouds, while the detection of thin ice clouds requires an alternative approach. This paper presents the polar threshold (PT) algorithm that was developed to be sensitive to optically thin hydrometeor layers (minimum optical depth tau epsilon 0.01). The PT algorithm detects the first hydrometeor layer in a vertical attenuated backscatter profile exceeding a predefined threshold in combination with noise reduction and averaging procedures. The optimal backscatter threshold of 3 x 10(-4) km(-1) sr(-1) for cloud-base detection near the surface was derived based on a sensitivity analysis using data from Princess Elisabeth, Antarctica and Summit, Greenland. At higher altitudes where the average noise level is higher than the backscatter threshold, the PT algorithm becomes signal-to-noise ratio driven. The algorithm defines cloudy conditions as any atmospheric profile containing a hydrometeor layer at least 90 m thick. A comparison with relative humidity measurements from radiosondes at Summit illustrates the algorithm's ability to significantly discriminate between clear-sky and cloudy conditions. Analysis of the cloud statistics derived from the PT algorithm indicates a year-round monthly mean cloud cover fraction of 72% (+/- 10%) at Summit without a seasonal cycle. The occurrence of optically thick layers, indicating the presence of supercooled liquid water droplets, shows a seasonal cycle at Summit with a monthly mean summer peak of 40 % (+/- 4%). The monthly mean cloud occurrence frequency in summer at Princess Elisabeth is 46% (+/- 5%), which reduces to 12% (+/- 2.5%) for supercooled liquid cloud layers. Our analyses furthermore illustrate the importance of optically thin hydrometeor layers located near the surface for both sites, with 87% of all detections below 500 m for Summit and 80% below 2 km for Princess Elisabeth. These results have implications for using satellite-based remotely sensed cloud observations, like CloudSat that may be insensitive for hydrometeors near the surface. The decrease of sensitivity with height, which is an inherent limitation of the ceilometer, does not have a significant impact on our results. This study highlights the potential of the PT algorithm to extract information in polar regions from various hydrometeor layers using measurements by the robust and relatively low-cost ceilometer instrument. C1 [Van Tricht, K.; Gorodetskaya, I. V.; Lhermitte, S.; Van Lipzig, N. P. M.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Louvain, Belgium. [Lhermitte, S.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Turner, D. D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Schween, J. H.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. RP Van Tricht, K (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Louvain, Belgium. EM kristof.vantricht@ees.kuleuven.be RI Gorodetskaya, Irina/K-1987-2015; Lhermitte, Stef (Stefaan)/A-3385-2013 OI Van Tricht, Kristof/0000-0001-5727-9098; Gorodetskaya, Irina/0000-0002-2294-7823; Lhermitte, Stef (Stefaan)/0000-0002-1622-0177 FU Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) [GO-OA-25]; project HYDRANT - Belgian Science Policy Office [EN/01/4B]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [SFB/TR 32]; US National Science Foundation as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) program [ARC-0856773, 0904152, 0856559] FX K. Van Tricht is a research fellow at the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). S. Lhermitte was supported in the framework of project GO-OA-25 funded by Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and as postdoctoral researcher for the FWO. I. V. Gorodetskaya was supported via the project HYDRANT funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office under grant number EN/01/4B, in the frame of which PE measurements were performed. J. H. Schween is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the transregional collaborative research centre SFB/TR 32. The Summit data were recorded in the frame of the ICECAPS project, which is supported by the US National Science Foundation under grants ARC-0856773, 0904152, and 0856559 as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) program, with additional instrumentation provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, US Department of Energy ARM Program, and Environment Canada. We are grateful to Christoph Munkel and Reijo Roininen (Vaisala) for continuing support of PE ceilometer and Giovanni Martucci (National University of Ireland) for providing the THT code. We would also like to thank the International Polar Foundation for logistical support at PE and Alexander Mangold (RMI) for help with the HYDRANT instrument maintenance. Finally, we would like to sincerely thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive remarks. NR 63 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1153 EP 1167 DI 10.5194/amt-7-1153-2014 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DW UT WOS:000336740700001 ER PT J AU Hassler, B Petropavlovskikh, I Staehelin, J August, T Bhartia, PK Clerbaux, C Degenstein, D De Maziere, M Dinelli, BM Dudhia, A Dufour, G Frith, SM Froidevaux, L Godin-Beekmann, S Granville, J Harris, NRP Hoppel, K Hubert, D Kasai, Y Kurylo, MJ Kyrola, E Lambert, JC Levelt, PF McElroy, CT McPeters, RD Munro, R Nakajima, H Parrish, A Raspollini, P Remsberg, EE Rosenlof, KH Rozanov, A Sano, T Sasano, Y Shiotani, M Smit, HGJ Stiller, G Tamminen, J Tarasick, DW Urban, J van der A, RJ Veefkind, JP Vigouroux, C von Clarmann, T von Savigny, C Walker, KA Weber, M Wild, J Zawodny, JM AF Hassler, B. Petropavlovskikh, I. Staehelin, J. August, T. Bhartia, P. K. Clerbaux, C. Degenstein, D. De Maziere, M. Dinelli, B. M. Dudhia, A. Dufour, G. Frith, S. M. Froidevaux, L. Godin-Beekmann, S. Granville, J. Harris, N. R. P. Hoppel, K. Hubert, D. Kasai, Y. Kurylo, M. J. Kyroelae, E. Lambert, J. -C. Levelt, P. F. McElroy, C. T. McPeters, R. D. Munro, R. Nakajima, H. Parrish, A. Raspollini, P. Remsberg, E. E. Rosenlof, K. H. Rozanov, A. Sano, T. Sasano, Y. Shiotani, M. Smit, H. G. J. Stiller, G. Tamminen, J. Tarasick, D. W. Urban, J. van der A, R. J. Veefkind, J. P. Vigouroux, C. von Clarmann, T. von Savigny, C. Walker, K. A. Weber, M. Wild, J. Zawodny, J. M. TI Past changes in the vertical distribution of ozone - Part 1: Measurement techniques, uncertainties and availability SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EMISSION SOUNDER SMILES; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; LIMB ATMOSPHERIC SPECTROMETER; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDE STATION; INTERNATIONAL-SPACE-STATION; BALLOON SONDE MEASUREMENTS; CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT ACE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; PROFILE RETRIEVALS; POAM-III AB Peak stratospheric chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and other ozone depleting substance (ODS) concentrations were reached in the mid- to late 1990s. Detection and attribution of the expected recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer in an atmosphere with reduced ODSs as well as efforts to understand the evolution of stratospheric ozone in the presence of increasing greenhouse gases are key current research topics. These require a critical examination of the ozone changes with an accurate knowledge of the spatial (geographical and vertical) and temporal ozone response. For such an examination, it is vital that the quality of the measurements used be as high as possible and measurement uncertainties well quantified. In preparation for the 2014 United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)/World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, the SPARC/IO3C/IGACO-O-3/NDACC ((SIN)-N-2) Initiative was designed to study and document changes in the global ozone profile distribution. This requires assessing long-term ozone profile data sets in regards to measurement stability and uncertainty characteristics. The ultimate goal is to establish suitability for estimating long-term ozone trends to contribute to ozone recovery studies. Some of the data sets have been improved as part of this initiative with updated versions now available. This summary presents an overview of stratospheric ozone profile measurement data sets (ground and satellite based) available for ozone recovery studies. Here we document measurement techniques, spatial and temporal coverage, vertical resolution, native units and measurement uncertainties. In addition, the latest data versions are briefly described (including data version updates as well as detailing multiple retrievals when available for a given satellite instrument). Archive location information for each data set is also given. C1 [Hassler, B.; Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hassler, B.; Rosenlof, K. H.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Staehelin, J.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [August, T.; Munro, R.] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Bhartia, P. K.; McPeters, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Clerbaux, C.] Univ Versailles St Quentin, Univ Paris 06, CNRS, INSU,LATMOS IPSL, Paris, France. [Degenstein, D.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. [De Maziere, M.; Granville, J.; Hubert, D.; Lambert, J. -C.; Vigouroux, C.] Belgian Inst Space Aeron IASB BIRA, Brussels, Belgium. [Dinelli, B. M.] ISAC CNR, Bologna, Italy. [Dudhia, A.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, AOPP, Oxford, England. [Dufour, G.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, UMR CNRS 7583, LISA, Creteil 27, France. [Dufour, G.] Univ Paris Diderot, Creteil 27, France. [Frith, S. M.] NASA, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Froidevaux, L.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Godin-Beekmann, S.] Observ Versailles St Quentin en Yvelin, Guyancourt, France. [Harris, N. R. P.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Hoppel, K.] Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. [Kasai, Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Tokyo, Japan. [Kurylo, M. J.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Goddard Earth Sci Technol & Res, NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kyroelae, E.; Tamminen, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Earth Observat, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [Levelt, P. F.; van der A, R. J.; Veefkind, J. P.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [McElroy, C. T.] York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Lassonde Sch Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. [Nakajima, H.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Parrish, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Astron, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Raspollini, P.] CNR, Ist Fis Applicata N Carrara IFAC, Florence, Italy. [Remsberg, E. E.; Zawodny, J. M.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Rozanov, A.; Weber, M.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys Remote Sensing IUP IFE, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Sano, T.; Shiotani, M.] Kyoto Univ, Res Inst Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto, Japan. [Sasano, Y.] Assoc Int Res Initiat Environm Studies, Tokyo, Japan. [Smit, H. G. J.] Res Ctr Julich, Inst Energy & Climate Res Troposphere IEK 8, Julich, Germany. [Stiller, G.; von Clarmann, T.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Tarasick, D. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Urban, J.] Chalmers, Dept Earth & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [von Savigny, C.] Ernst Moritz Arndt Univ Greifswald, Inst Phys, Greifswald, Germany. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Walker, K. A.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Wild, J.] NOAA, Innovim LLC, NWS, NCEPClimate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Hassler, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM birgit.hassler@noaa.gov RI Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Dinelli, Bianca Maria/C-1212-2015; Urban, Jo/F-9172-2010; Hassler, Birgit/E-8987-2010; Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Tamminen, Johanna/D-7959-2014; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016; clerbaux, cathy/I-5478-2013; von Savigny, Christian/B-3910-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Stiller, Gabriele/A-7340-2013; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012 OI Dinelli, Bianca Maria/0000-0002-1218-0008; Hubert, Daan/0000-0002-4365-865X; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Urban, Jo/0000-0001-7026-793X; Hassler, Birgit/0000-0003-2724-709X; Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Tamminen, Johanna/0000-0003-3095-0069; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137; Stiller, Gabriele/0000-0003-2883-6873; McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189 FU Canadian Space Agency; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; DLR [50 EE 0901]; University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund; SPARC-Office FX We would like to thank the different agencies that support missions with instruments that measure stratospheric ozone profiles (ESA, NASA, NOAA, JAXA, NICT, CSA, SNSB, CNES, NSO, NIES, MOE, Eumetsat). We also would like to thank the different national and international agencies that fund ground-based measurements and several databases where ground-based measurements are stored and made accessible (NDACC, WOUDC, SHADOZ). The atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) is a Canadian-led mission mainly supported by the Canadian Space Agency and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. SCIAMACHY is jointly funded by Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was performed under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The IMK data analysis was co-funded by DLR under contract 50 EE 0901. Publication of this article was funded by the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund and the SPARC-Office. NR 196 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 46 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1395 EP 1427 DI 10.5194/amt-7-1395-2014 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DW UT WOS:000336740700016 ER PT J AU Beswick, K Baumgardner, D Gallagher, M Volz-Thomas, A Nedelec, P Wang, KY Lance, S AF Beswick, K. Baumgardner, D. Gallagher, M. Volz-Thomas, A. Nedelec, P. Wang, K. -Y. Lance, S. TI The backscatter cloud probe - a compact low-profile autonomous optical spectrometer SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID ICE; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; AEROSOL; CIRRUS; LAYER AB A compact (500 cm(3)), lightweight (500 g), near-field, single particle backscattering optical spectrometer is described that mounts flush with the skin of an aircraft and measures the concentration and optical equivalent diameter of particles from 5 to 75 mu m. The backscatter cloud probe (BCP) was designed as a real-time qualitative cloud detector primarily for data quality control of trace gas instruments developed for the climate monitoring instrument packages that are being installed on commercial passenger aircraft as part of the European Union In-Service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) program (< a href='http://www.iagos.org/'target='_blank'> http://www.iagos.org/). Subsequent evaluations of the BCP measurements on a number of research aircraft, however, have revealed it capable of delivering quantitative particle data products including size distributions, liquid-water content and other information on cloud properties. We demonstrate the instrument's capability for delivering useful long-term climatological, as well as aviation performance information, across a wide range of environmental conditions. The BCP has been evaluated by comparing its measurements with those from other cloud particle spectrometers on research aircraft and several BCPs are currently flying on commercial A340/A330 Airbus passenger airliners. The design and calibration of the BCP is described in this article, along with an evaluation of measurements made on the research and commercial aircraft. Preliminary results from more than 7000 h of airborne measurements by the BCP on two Airbus A340s operating on routine global traffic routes (one Lufthansa, the other China Airlines) show that more than 340 h of cloud data have been recorded at normal cruise altitudes (> 10 km) and more than 40% of the > 1200 flights were through clouds at some point between takeoff and landing. These data are a valuable contribution to databases of cloud properties, including sub-visible cirrus, in the upper troposphere and useful for validating satellite retrievals of cloud water and effective radius; in addition, providing a broader, geographically and climatologically relevant view of cloud microphysical variability that is useful for improving parameterizations of clouds in climate models. Moreover, they are also useful for monitoring the vertical climatology of clouds over airports, especially those over megacities where pollution emissions may be impacting local and regional climate. C1 [Beswick, K.; Gallagher, M.] Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Baumgardner, D.] Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Volz-Thomas, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Energie & Klimaforsch Troposphare 8, D-24525 Julich, Germany. [Nedelec, P.] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. [Wang, K. -Y.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. [Lance, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lance, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Baumgardner, D (reprint author), Droplet Measurement Technol, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM darrel.baumgardner@gmail.com RI Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667; Gallagher, Martin/0000-0002-4968-6088 FU European Commission; Germany (BMBF); France (MESR); UK (NERC); IAGOS member institutions; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX The authors would like to thank the staff of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM), Bill Dawson, Roy Newton and Gary Granger of Droplet Measurement Technologies and Lufthansa and China Airlines for their cooperation in partnering with IAGOS to make these invaluable environmental measurements. Financial support of the instrument development, installation and operation from the European Commission projects IAGOS-DS and IAGOS-ERI, national agencies in Germany (BMBF), France (MESR), and the UK (NERC), and the IAGOS member institutions (http://www.iagos.org/partners) is gratefully acknowledged. The calibration work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) climate and air quality programs. Finally we would like to than David Delene and Gabor Vali for their detailed reviews that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1443 EP 1457 DI 10.5194/amt-7-1443-2014 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DW UT WOS:000336740700018 ER PT J AU Kulvatunyou, B Ivezic, N Lee, Y Shin, J AF Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Ivezic, Nenad Lee, Yunsu Shin, Junho TI An analysis of OWL-based semantic mediation approaches to enhance manufacturing service capability models SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE OWL; semantic mediation; semantic enhancement; semantic enrichment; characterisation; manufacturing service; service-oriented manufacturing; dynamic supply chain ID INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; INTEROPERABILITY AB The exchange of accurate, computer-interpretable information is critical in today's dynamic supply chains in which manufacturers come and go as needed. This exchange begins when manufacturers, who hope to join the supply chain, provide the OEM (original equipment manufacturer) with information regarding their production capabilities. These capabilities are represented electronically in what are called manufacturing service capability (MSC) models. These models are frequently proprietary, which makes them difficult to access, and imprecise, which makes them difficult to use. Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a powerful language for capturing the semantics of such models. OWL can enhance both precision and accessibility, but it requires semantic mediation to resolve semantic conflicts and more importantly to enhance model semantics. Semantic-mediation approaches can generally be classified into two approaches mapping-based and reference-ontology-based. This paper characterises and compares the two approaches. Characterisation is based on examples of proprietary MSC models and by deployment criteria including mediation quality, scalability, evolution, and knowledge organisation. Comparison is based on the behaviours and trade-offs of the two approaches in the context of these deployment criteria. The paper also provides a decision-making template associated with these criteria. Finally, the paper uses this template to show under what conditions each mediation technique is preferred. C1 [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Ivezic, Nenad; Lee, Yunsu; Shin, Junho] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kulvatunyou, B (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serm@nist.gov FU United States National Library of Medicine [LM007885] FX This work was conducted using the Protege resource, which is supported by grant [grant number LM007885] from the United States National Library of Medicine. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X EI 1362-3052 J9 INT J COMPUT INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PY 2014 VL 27 IS 9 BP 803 EP 823 DI 10.1080/0951192X.2013.834477 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA AI9IB UT WOS:000337245200001 ER PT J AU Bryant, R Sanni, O Moore, E Bundy, M Johnson, A AF Bryant, Rodney Sanni, Olatunde Moore, Elizabeth Bundy, Matthew Johnson, Aaron TI An uncertainty analysis of mean flow velocity measurements used to quantify emissions from stationary sources SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Point velocity measurements conducted by traversing a Pitot tube across the cross section of a flow conduit continue to be the standard practice for evaluating the accuracy of continuous flow-monitoring devices. Such velocity traverses were conducted in the exhaust duct of a reduced-scale analog of a stationary source, and mean flow velocity was computed using several common integration techniques. Sources of random and systematic measurement uncertainty were identified and applied in the uncertainty analysis. When applicable, the minimum requirements of the standard test methods were used to estimate measurement uncertainty due to random sources. Estimates of the systematic measurement uncertainty due to discretized measurements of the asymmetric flow field were determined by simulating point velocity traverse measurements in a flow distribution generated using computational fluid dynamics. For the evaluated flow system, estimates of relative expanded uncertainty for the mean flow velocity ranged from +/- 1.4% to +/- 9.3% and depended on the number of measurement locations and the method of integration. Implications: Accurate flow measurements in smokestacks are critical for quantifying the levels of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fuel-burning power plants, the largest emitters of carbon dioxide. A systematic uncertainty analysis is necessary to evaluate the accuracy of these measurements. This study demonstrates such an analysis and its application to identify specific measurement components and procedures needing focused attention to improve the accuracy of mean flow velocity measurements in smokestacks. C1 [Bryant, Rodney; Sanni, Olatunde; Moore, Elizabeth; Bundy, Matthew; Johnson, Aaron] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, R (reprint author), 100 Bur Dr,MS8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rodney.bryant@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Special Programs-Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements, James Whetstone Program Manager FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical and engineering support provided by Marco Fernandez, Laurean DeLauter, Doris Rinehart, and Anthony Chakalis and data acquisition support provided by Artur Chernovsky. They are grateful for calibration services provided by Iosif Shinder and the Fluid Metrology Group, and for technical guidance provided by Anthony Hamins, Jiann Yang, and Michael Moldover. Research support by the NIST Office of Special Programs-Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements, James Whetstone Program Manager-is gratefully acknowledged. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PY 2014 VL 64 IS 6 BP 679 EP 689 DI 10.1080/10962247.2014.881437 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI9IV UT WOS:000337247200005 PM 25039202 ER PT J AU Tchana, FK Flaud, JM Lafferty, WJ Ngom, M AF Tchana, F. Kwabia Flaud, J. -M. Lafferty, W. J. Ngom, M. TI Absolute line intensities for oxirane in the 11.4 mu m spectral region SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE oxirane; C2H4O; infrared; Fourier transform spectra; absolute intensities; transition dipole moments ID ETHYLENE-OXIDE; PARAMETERS; DATABASE; BANDS AB Absolute individual line intensities of numerous transitions of the fundamental upsilon(15), upsilon(12) and upsilon(5) bands of oxirane (ethylene oxide, cyc-C2H4O) have been measured in the 750-950 cm(-1) region using eight high-resolution Fourier transform spectra recorded at 0.002 cm(-1) resolution and various pressures. These line intensities were least-squares fit using a theoretical model which takes into account the vibration-rotation interactions linking the upper state rotational levels and, therefore, accurate rotational expansions of the transition moments of the upsilon(15), upsilon(12) and upsilon(5) vibrational bands were derived. Using the coefficients obtained in the fitting, a line list has been generated and used to perform comparisons with the present measurements. Also, comparisons with measurements taken at medium-low resolution of the upsilon(15)/upsilon(12)/upsilon(5) system show excellent agreement. C1 [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Flaud, J. -M.; Ngom, M.] UPEC, UMR CNRS, LISA, Creteil, France. [Tchana, F. Kwabia; Flaud, J. -M.; Ngom, M.] UPD, Creteil, France. [Lafferty, W. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ngom, M.] Univ Cheikh Anta Diop, Ecole Super Polytech, LPAO SF, Dakar, Senegal. RP Flaud, JM (reprint author), UPEC, UMR CNRS, LISA, Creteil, France. EM Jean-Marie.Flaud@lisa.u-pec.fr FU Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (Service de Cooperation et d'Action Culturelle, Ambassade de France a Dakar, Senegal) FX M. Ngom gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Ministere des Affaires Etrangeres (Service de Cooperation et d'Action Culturelle, Ambassade de France a Dakar, Senegal). NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 EI 1362-3028 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 BP 1633 EP 1638 DI 10.1080/00268976.2013.851811 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AI8KI UT WOS:000337161900003 ER PT S AU Cundiff, ST AF Cundiff, Steven T. BE Alfano, RR Demos, SG TI Supercontinuum generation in microstructure fiber at the advent of femtosecond combs SO OPTICAL BIOPSY XII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Biopsy XII CY FEB 04-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE, BaySpec, Inc, Energy Res Co, Hamamatsu Corp, PerkinElmer Inc, Intuit Surg, Inc, Coherent Inc, Corning Inc, Fianium Ltd, LEUKOS, NKT Photon A S, ThorLabs, Inc DE supercontinuum; frequency combs; mode-locked lasers ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; OPTICAL FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; CARRIER-ENVELOPE PHASE; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; LIGHT-PULSES; NOISE; STABILIZATION; UNCERTAINTY; MICROWAVE; CONTINUUM AB The ability to generate a supercontinuum in microstructure fiber using only the unamplified pulses from a mode-locked oscillator was critical to the development of optical frequency combs. I will briefly introduce the key concepts for stabilizing the comb spectrum of a modelocked laser and how it relies on continuum generation. C1 NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9853-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8940 AR 894011 DI 10.1117/12.2030615 PG 8 WC Oncology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Oncology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BA6GZ UT WOS:000337140700016 ER PT J AU Hyle, AR McBride, RS Olney, JE AF Hyle, A. Reid McBride, Richard S. Olney, John E. TI Determinate Versus Indeterminate Fecundity in American Shad, an Anadromous Clupeid SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ST-JOHNS RIVER; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; BATCH FECUNDITY; OOCYTE GROWTH; SPAWNING RUN; LIFE-HISTORY; HICKORY SHAD; NORTH-SEA; MATURITY; FLORIDA AB Historical fecundity estimates of American Shad Alosa sapidissima used a determinate method that estimated annual fecundity as the standing stock of oocytes at a single point of time prior to spawning. Such fecundity estimates have been (1) reported for populations from the Canadian Maritimes to Florida, (2) applied to hypothesis tests of life history evolution, and (3) used in demographic models to advise management policy. However, American Shad have asynchronous development of yolked oocyte clutches, which suggests that new oocytes could arise after spawning commences, biasing the results of a determinate fecundity method downward. If so, annual fecundity should be a product of batch size and the number of batches-an indeterminate fecundity method. We investigated oocyte recruitment, atresia, and spawning intervals using gonad histology of females from the Mattaponi River, Virginia. Batch size (i.e., the number of hydrated oocytes prior to a spawning event) was estimated using a gravimetric method. Spawning duration was obtained from an independent acoustic tagging study. A size hiatus between primary and secondary oocytes was only evident in some individuals during spawning, so we conclude that an indeterminate fecundity method is necessary for this population of American Shad. Atresia was evident during spawning but was low at the end of the 2002 spawning season. Females spawned every 2.2-2.9 d, releasing 11-17 batches per season. Batch fecundity (range: 12,700-81,400) was 23% higher for repeat versus virgin spawners. A bootstrapped estimate of potential annual fecundity for a virgin female-as calculated with an indeterminate fecundity method-was 478,000-544,000 eggs (95% confidence interval), about double the previous (determinate) estimates from this river system (260,000 and 288,000). Until more comparisons are done with other populations, we urge caution in using the many published determinate fecundity estimates of American Shad and other Alosa species. C1 [Hyle, A. Reid] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Melbourne, FL 32934 USA. [McBride, Richard S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Olney, John E.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Hyle, AR (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 2595 McGraw Ave, Melbourne, FL 32934 USA. EM reid.hyle@myfwc.com RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization under COST Action [FA0601] FX We thank both students and staff at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science for assistance in field sampling and laboratory processing. Special mention for field assistance to B. Watkins, J. Goins, S. Denny, J. Romine, W. Dowd, B. Daniels, D. Grusha, and R. A. Hyle for assistance with field collections. J. and V. Crawford of Walkerton generously offered their private dock as a staging area for the 72-h sampling efforts. C. and T. Custalow supplied specimens as well as valuable technical guidance on how, where, and when to fish drift gill nets for spawning American Shad. S. Denny provided crucial knowledge of preparation of fish ovaries for paraffin histology. A. Collins, K. Friedland, J. E. Harris and two anonymous reviewers provided helpful critiques of earlier iterations of this manuscript. Input on measuring and understanding fecundity was received from the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization's Working Group on Reproductive Potential, particularly under the auspices of the COST Action FA0601, "Fish Reproduction and Fisheries." We appreciate everyone's assistance in this study. NR 69 TC 7 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PY 2014 VL 143 IS 3 BP 618 EP 633 DI 10.1080/00028487.2013.862178 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AJ4EM UT WOS:000337624600007 ER PT J AU Zhang, HY Mason, DM Stow, CA Adamack, AT Brandt, SB Zhang, XS Kimmel, DG Roman, MR Boicourt, WC Ludsin, SA AF Zhang, Hongyan Mason, Doran M. Stow, Craig A. Adamack, Aaron T. Brandt, Stephen B. Zhang, Xinsheng Kimmel, David G. Roman, Michael R. Boicourt, William C. Ludsin, Stuart A. TI Effects of hypoxia on habitat quality of pelagic planktivorous fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Dead zone; Habitat suitability; Eutrophication; Food web; Non-point source pollution ID MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; STRIPED BASS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SPATIAL MODELS; PATUXENT RIVER; WATER-QUALITY; LAKE-ERIE; GROWTH AB To evaluate the impact of hypoxia (<2 mg O-2 l(-1)) on habitat quality of pelagic prey fishes in the northern Gulf of Mexico, we used a spatially explicit, bioenergetics-based growth rate potential (GRP) model to develop indices of habitat quality. Our focus was on the pelagic bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli and Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus. Positive GRP was considered high-quality habitat (HQH) and negative GRP was considered low-quality habitat (LQH). Models used water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), zooplankton biomass, and phytoplankton concentration collected during the peak periods of hypoxia in 2003, 2004, and 2006 to estimate fish GRP. Results showed that hypoxic areas were always LQH. However, with respect to the entire water column, hypoxia had only a minor impact on overall habitat quality, with habitat quality being driven primarily by prey availability followed by water temperature. These results are in contrast to other ecosystems, such as the Chesapeake Bay, where hypoxia affects a larger fraction of the water column than in the Gulf of Mexico and has a significant impact on overall habitat quality. Differences in the effect of hypoxia on habitat quality between these 2 ecosystems suggest that the vertical extent of hypoxia relative to water column depth (i.e. hypoxic volume) is a fundamental consideration when evaluating the impacts of hypoxia on pelagic fish production. C1 [Zhang, Hongyan] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Mason, Doran M.; Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Adamack, Aaron T.] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Brandt, Stephen B.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Zhang, Xinsheng] NOAA, NMFS, SEFSC, SFD, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Kimmel, David G.] E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal Sci & Policy, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. [Roman, Michael R.; Boicourt, William C.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Zhang, HY (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. EM zhanghy@umich.edu RI Kimmel, David/A-9643-2012; OI Kimmel, David/0000-0001-7232-7801; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 FU NOAA-CSCOR Award [NA06NOS4780148, NA09NOS4780234] FX We thank M. Clouse, M. Costantini, S. Lozano, K. Molton, C. Rae, J. Reichert, J. Roberts, and E. Schwab for collecting and/or processing acoustics data; C. Derry, K. Hozyash, C. McGilliard, J. Pierson, A. Spear, and T. Wazniak for collecting and/or processing Scanfish data during 2003, 2004, and 2006; the captains and crew of the RV 'Pelican' for helping with field sampling; and S. Kolesar for comments on the manuscript. This research was supported by NOAA-CSCOR Award NA06NOS4780148 and NA09NOS4780234 to S.B.B. This is GLERL contribution No. 1699 and NOAA-CSCOR NGOMEX contribution No. 191. This is University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science contribution No. 4883. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 12 U2 72 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 505 BP 209 EP 226 DI 10.3354/meps10768 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AI5MY UT WOS:000336913000016 ER PT J AU An, S Sung, B Noh, H Stambaugh, C Kwon, S Lee, K Kim, B Kim, Q Jhe, W AF An, Sangmin Sung, Baekman Noh, Haneol Stambaugh, Corey Kwon, Soyoung Lee, Kunyoung Kim, Bongsu Kim, Qhwan Jhe, Wonho TI Position-resolved Surface Characterization and Nanofabrication Using an Optical Microscope Combined with a Nanopipette/Quartz Tuning Fork Atomic Force Microscope SO NANO-MICRO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Surface characterization; Nanopipette; QTF-AFM; Opticai microscope ID FOUNTAIN PEN; NANOLITHOGRAPHY; LITHOGRAPHY; FABRICATION; RESOLUTION; DEPOSITION; DELIVERY AB hi this work, we introduce position-resolved surface characterization and nanofabrication using an optical microscope (OM) combined with a nanopipette-based quartz tuning fork atomic force microscope (nanopipette/QTF-AFM) system.. This system is used to accurately determine substrate position and nanoscale phenomena under ambient conditions. Solutions consisting of 5 nm Au nanoparticles, nanowires, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) are deposited onto the substrate through the nano/microaperture of a pulled pipette. Nano/microscale patterning is perfbrmed using a nanopipette/QTF-AFM, while position is resolved by monitoring the substrate with a custom OM. With this tool, one can perform surface characterization (force spectroscopy/microscopy) using the quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensor. Nanofabrication is achieved by accurately positioning target materials on the surface, and on-demand delivery and patterning of various solutions for molecular architecture. C1 [An, Sangmin; Sung, Baekman; Noh, Haneol; Kwon, Soyoung; Lee, Kunyoung; Kim, Bongsu; Kim, Qhwan; Jhe, Wonho] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanoliquid, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Stambaugh, Corey] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jhe, W (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Nanoliquid, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM whjhe@snu.ac.kr OI Stambaugh, Corey/0000-0001-9178-0572 FU Natioria search Foundation of Korea (NRf) - Korea government (MSIP) [2013-0.56344]; Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NHF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2013R1A6A3A03063900]; Brain Korea 21; Center for Nano-Liquid; National Science Foundation OISE [0853104] FX This work was supported by the Natioria search Foundation of Korea (NRf) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2013-0.56344), Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NHF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2013R1A6A3A03063900), and the Brain Korea 21. Vonlio Jhe acknowledges the support from Center for Nano-Liquid, and Corey Stambaugh acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation OISE Grant #0853104. NR 38 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 2311-6706 EI 2150-5551 J9 NANO-MICRO LETT JI Nano-Micro Lett. PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 70 EP 79 DI 10.5101/nml.v6i1.p70-79 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AI7AW UT WOS:000337032900009 ER PT J AU Khodadadi, S Clark, NJ McAuley, A Cristiglio, V Curtis, JE Shalaev, EY Krueger, S AF Khodadadi, S. Clark, N. J. McAuley, A. Cristiglio, V. Curtis, J. E. Shalaev, E. Y. Krueger, S. TI Influence of sorbitol on protein crowding in solution and freeze-concentrated phases SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTION; STABILITY; STABILIZATION; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS; ICE; MICROHETEROGENEITY; DENATURATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Small-angle neutron scattering was employed to study protein crowding under freezing conditions that mimic those used in pharmaceutical processing. The results demonstrate that, although there is an increase in heterogeneity as the temperature is reduced, sorbitol reduces protein crowding in both solution and freeze-concentrated phases, thus protecting the protein from forming oligomers or irreversible aggregates. C1 [Khodadadi, S.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Delft, Netherlands. [Clark, N. J.; Curtis, J. E.; Krueger, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, N. J.; McAuley, A.] Amgen Inc, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. [Cristiglio, V.] Inst Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France. Allergan Pharmaceut Inc, Irvine, CA USA. RP Khodadadi, S (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Fac Sci Appl, Delft, Netherlands. EM s.khodadadi@tudelft.nl; nicholas.clark@nist.gov; arnoldm@amgen.com; cristiglio@ill.fr; joseph.curtis@nist.gov; Shalaev_Evgenyi@allergan.com; susan.krueger@nist.gov RI Cristiglio, Viviana/H-5609-2011 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; National Research Council FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772. S. Khodadadi acknowledges funding from the National Research Council. We acknowledge M. Moore and M. Espinoza for help with the DSC measurements and T. Narayanan for useful discussions. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 23 BP 4056 EP 4060 DI 10.1039/c4sm00600c PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AI4PE UT WOS:000336846500002 PM 24819334 ER PT J AU Forbes, TP Sisco, E AF Forbes, Thomas P. Sisco, Edward TI Chemical imaging of artificial fingerprints by desorption electro-flow focusing ionization mass spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID DESI; RESOLUTION; INKS AB Desorption electro-flow focusing ionization (DEFFI) mass spectrometry was used to image chemical distributions of endogenous, e.g., fatty acids, and trace exogenous compounds, e.g., explosives, narcotics and lotions, in deposited and lifted artificial fingerprints, directly from forensic lift tape. An artificial fingerprint mold and synthetic fingerprint material were incorporated for the controlled deposition of material for technique demonstration and evaluation. C1 [Forbes, Thomas P.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sisco, Edward] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Forbes, TP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.forbes@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514 FU Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation Fellowship FX The authors thank Matthew Staymates, Dr Shin Muramoto, and Dr Greg Gillen at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for their technical help with the LabVIEW code and stimulating discussions, respectively. ES acknowledges support from a Department of Defense Science, Mathematics, and Research for Transformation Fellowship. The U. S. Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2014 VL 139 IS 12 BP 2982 EP 2985 DI 10.1039/c4an00172a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AI3CZ UT WOS:000336737900004 PM 24566545 ER PT J AU Velders, GJM Solomon, S Daniel, JS AF Velders, G. J. M. Solomon, S. Daniel, J. S. TI Growth of climate change commitments from HFC banks and emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTREAL PROTOCOL; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERE; CFC-12 AB Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are the primary cause of ozone depletion, and they also contribute to global climate change. With the global phaseout of CFCs and the coming phaseout of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), the substitute hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are increasingly used. While CFCs were originally used mainly in applications such as spray cans and were released within a year after production, concern about the ozone layer led to reductions in rapid-release applications, and the relative importance of slower-release applications grew. HFCs are now mainly used in refrigerators and air conditioners (AC) and are released over years to a decade after production. Their containment in such equipment represents banks, which are building up as production grows. A key finding of our work is that the increases of HFC banks represent a substantial unseen commitment to further radiative forcing of climate change also after production of the chemicals ceases. We show that earlier phaseouts of HFCs would provide greater benefits for climate protection than previously recognized, due to the avoided buildup of the banks. If, for example, HFC production were to be phased out in 2020 instead of 2050, not only could about 91-146 GtCO(2)-eq of cumulative emission be avoided from 2020 to 2050, but an additional bank of about 39-64 GtCO(2)-eq could also be avoided in 2050. Choices of later phaseout dates lead to larger commitments to climate change unless growing banks of HFCs from millions of dispersed locations are collected and destroyed. C1 [Velders, G. J. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Solomon, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Daniel, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Velders, GJM (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM guus.velders@rivm.nl RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 27 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 9 BP 4563 EP 4572 DI 10.5194/acp-14-4563-2014 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DN UT WOS:000336739700013 ER PT J AU Saikawa, E Prinn, RG Dlugokencky, E Ishijima, K Dutton, GS Hall, BD Langenfelds, R Tohjima, Y Machida, T Manizza, M Rigby, M O'Doherty, S Patra, PK Harth, CM Weiss, RF Krummel, PB van der Schoot, M Fraser, PJ Steele, LP Aoki, S Nakazawa, T Elkins, JW AF Saikawa, E. Prinn, R. G. Dlugokencky, E. Ishijima, K. Dutton, G. S. Hall, B. D. Langenfelds, R. Tohjima, Y. Machida, T. Manizza, M. Rigby, M. O'Doherty, S. Patra, P. K. Harth, C. M. Weiss, R. F. Krummel, P. B. van der Schoot, M. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Aoki, S. Nakazawa, T. Elkins, J. W. TI Global and regional emissions estimates for N2O SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC NITROUS-OXIDE; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODELS; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; AGGREGATION ERRORS; GREENHOUSE GASES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; NITRIC-OXIDE; SURFACE DATA; INVERSION AB We present a comprehensive estimate of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions using observations and models from 1995 to 2008. High-frequency records of tropospheric N2O are available from measurements at Cape Grim, Tasmania; Cape Matatula, American Samoa; Ragged Point, Barbados; Mace Head, Ireland; and at Trinidad Head, California using the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) instrumentation and calibrations. The Global Monitoring Division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL) has also collected discrete air samples in flasks and in situ measurements from remote sites across the globe and analyzed them for a suite of species including N2O. In addition to these major networks, we include in situ and aircraft measurements from the National Institute of Environmental Studies (NIES) and flask measurements from the Tohoku University and Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) networks. All measurements show increasing atmospheric mole fractions of N2O, with a varying growth rate of 0.1-0.7% per year, resulting in a 7.4% increase in the background atmospheric mole fraction between 1979 and 2011. Using existing emission inventories as well as bottom-up process modeling results, we first create globally gridded a priori N2O emissions over the 37 years since 1975. We then use the three-dimensional chemical transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers version 4 (MOZART v4), and a Bayesian inverse method to estimate global as well as regional annual emissions for five source sectors from 13 regions in the world. This is the first time that all of these measurements from multiple networks have been combined to determine emissions. Our inversion indicates that global and regional N2O emissions have an increasing trend between 1995 and 2008. Despite large uncertainties, a significant increase is seen from the Asian agricultural sector in recent years, most likely due to an increase in the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, as has been suggested by previous studies. C1 [Saikawa, E.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Saikawa, E.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Dlugokencky, E.; Dutton, G. S.; Hall, B. D.; Elkins, J. W.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ishijima, K.; Patra, P. K.] Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Dutton, G. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Langenfelds, R.; Krummel, P. B.; van der Schoot, M.; Fraser, P. J.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Tohjima, Y.; Machida, T.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Manizza, M.; Harth, C. M.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Rigby, M.; O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Aoki, S.; Nakazawa, T.] Tohoku Univ, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Studies, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Saikawa, E (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM eri.saikawa@emory.edu RI Tohjima, Yasunori/F-9975-2016; Langenfelds, Raymond/B-5381-2012; Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009 OI Saikawa, Eri/0000-0003-3166-8620; Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730 FU NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the US [NNX11AF17G, NNX07AF09G, NNX07AE87G]; Defra/DECC [GA0201]; NOAA [RA133R09CN0062]; Scripps Institution of Oceanography; NASA [NNX08AB48G]; NOAA Climate Program Office under their Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program FX The AGAGE research program is supported by the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the US with grants NNX11AF17G to MIT, NNX07AF09G and NNX07AE87G to SIO, Defra/DECC contract GA0201 for support of the Mace Head measurements and NOAA contract RA133R09CN0062 for partial support of Ragged Point in Barbados, CSIRO and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia. For this study MM acknowledges financial support from the post-doctoral fellowship at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and from NASA, grant NNX08AB48G. NOAA provided operational support of the AGAGE systems at American Samoa. We would also like to thank Arlyn Andrews, Nada Derek, David Nance, and Debra Mondeel for their help. NOAA HATS support comes from the NOAA Climate Program Office under their Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate (AC4) Program. We thank all the staff at the AGAGE, NOAA, CSIRO, NIES, and Tohoku University sites for their contributions to produce high-quality measurements of important atmospheric trace gases. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments to the paper. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 5 U2 50 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 9 BP 4617 EP 4641 DI 10.5194/acp-14-4617-2014 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DN UT WOS:000336739700017 ER PT J AU Mann, GW Carslaw, KS Reddington, CL Pringle, KJ Schulz, M Asmi, A Spracklen, DV Ridley, DA Woodhouse, MT Lee, LA Zhang, K Ghan, SJ Easter, RC Liu, X Stier, P Lee, YH Adams, PJ Tost, H Lelieveld, J Bauer, SE Tsigaridis, K van Noije, TPC Strunk, A Vignati, E Bellouin, N Dalvi, M Johnson, CE Bergman, T Kokkola, H von Salzen, K Yu, F Luo, G Petzold, A Heintzenberg, J Clarke, A Ogren, A Gras, J Baltensperger, U Kaminski, U Jennings, SG O'Dowd, CD Harrison, RM Beddows, DCS Kulmala, M Viisanen, Y Ulevicius, V Mihalopoulos, N Zdimal, V Fiebig, M Hansson, HC Swietlicki, E Henzing, JS AF Mann, G. W. Carslaw, K. S. Reddington, C. L. Pringle, K. J. Schulz, M. Asmi, A. Spracklen, D. V. Ridley, D. A. Woodhouse, M. T. Lee, L. A. Zhang, K. Ghan, S. J. Easter, R. C. Liu, X. Stier, P. Lee, Y. H. Adams, P. J. Tost, H. Lelieveld, J. Bauer, S. E. Tsigaridis, K. van Noije, T. P. C. Strunk, A. Vignati, E. Bellouin, N. Dalvi, M. Johnson, C. E. Bergman, T. Kokkola, H. von Salzen, K. Yu, F. Luo, G. Petzold, A. Heintzenberg, J. Clarke, A. Ogren, A. Gras, J. Baltensperger, U. Kaminski, U. Jennings, S. G. O'Dowd, C. D. Harrison, R. M. Beddows, D. C. S. Kulmala, M. Viisanen, Y. Ulevicius, V. Mihalopoulos, N. Zdimal, V. Fiebig, M. Hansson, H-C Swietlicki, E. Henzing, J. S. TI Intercomparison and evaluation of global aerosol microphysical properties among AeroCom models of a range of complexity SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; NUMBER SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; OFF-LINE MODEL; CLIMATE MODEL; BLACK CARBON; PARTICLE FORMATION; MIXING STATE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL AB Many of the next generation of global climate models will include aerosol schemes which explicitly simulate the microphysical processes that determine the particle size distribution. These models enable aerosol optical properties and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations to be determined by fundamental aerosol processes, which should lead to a more physically based simulation of aerosol direct and indirect radiative forcings. This study examines the global variation in particle size distribution simulated by 12 global aerosol microphysics models to quantify model diversity and to identify any common biases against observations. Evaluation against size distribution measurements from a new European network of aerosol supersites shows that the mean model agrees quite well with the observations at many sites on the annual mean, but there are some seasonal biases common to many sites. In particular, at many of these European sites, the accumulation mode number concentration is biased low during winter and Aitken mode concentrations tend to be overestimated in winter and underestimated in summer. At high northern latitudes, the models strongly underpredict Aitken and accumulation particle concentrations compared to the measurements, consistent with previous studies that have highlighted the poor performance of global aerosol models in the Arctic. In the marine boundary layer, the models capture the observed meridional variation in the size distribution, which is dominated by the Aitken mode at high latitudes, with an increasing concentration of accumulation particles with decreasing latitude. Considering vertical profiles, the models reproduce the observed peak in total particle concentrations in the upper troposphere due to new particle formation, although modelled peak concentrations tend to be biased high over Europe. Overall, the multimodel-mean data set simulates the global variation of the particle size distribution with a good degree of skill, suggesting that most of the individual global aerosol microphysics models are performing well, although the large model diversity indicates that some models are in poor agreement with the observations. Further work is required to better constrain size-resolved primary and secondary particle number sources, and an improved understanding of nucleation and growth (e. g. the role of nitrate and secondary organics) will improve the fidelity of simulated particle size distributions. C1 [Mann, G. W.] Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Mann, G. W.; Carslaw, K. S.; Reddington, C. L.; Pringle, K. J.; Spracklen, D. V.; Ridley, D. A.; Woodhouse, M. T.; Lee, L. A.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Schulz, M.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Asmi, A.; Viisanen, Y.] Univ Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. [Pringle, K. J.; Tost, H.; Lelieveld, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Ridley, D. A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Zhang, K.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Zhang, K.; Ghan, S. J.; Easter, R. C.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Lee, Y. H.; Adams, P. J.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Bauer, S. E.; Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Lelieveld, J.] Cyprus Inst, Nicosia, Cyprus. [Lee, Y. H.; Bauer, S. E.; Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [van Noije, T. P. C.; Strunk, A.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst KNMI, De Bilt, Netherlands. [Vignati, E.] EU Joint Res Ctr JRC, Ispra, Italy. [Bellouin, N.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Dalvi, M.; Johnson, C. E.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Bergman, T.; Kokkola, H.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Kuopio Unit, Kuopio, Finland. [von Salzen, K.] Environm Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Gatineau, PQ, Canada. [Yu, F.; Luo, G.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Petzold, A.] DLR, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Heintzenberg, J.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Clarke, A.] Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Ogren, A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Woodhouse, M. T.; Gras, J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Baltensperger, U.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Villigen, Switzerland. [Kaminski, U.] Deutsch Wetterdienst DWD, Offenbach, Germany. [Jennings, S. G.; O'Dowd, C. D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland. [Harrison, R. M.; Beddows, D. C. S.] Univ Birmingham, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Birmingham, W Midlands, England. [Kulmala, M.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Ulevicius, V.] Ctr Phys Sci & Technol, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Tost, H.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphere, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Petzold, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK Troposphere 8, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Harrison, R. M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia. [Mihalopoulos, N.] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Iraklion, Greece. [Zdimal, V.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, CR-16502 Prague, Czech Republic. [Liu, X.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Fiebig, M.] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res, Oslo, Norway. [Hansson, H-C] Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, Stockholm, Sweden. [Swietlicki, E.] Lund Univ, Dept Phys, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Henzing, J. S.] Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Mann, GW (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM gmann@env.leeds.ac.uk RI Reddington, Carly/I-3390-2015; Woodhouse, Matthew/E-4808-2013; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; Zdimal, Vladimir/H-3434-2014; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/H-5327-2016; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Lelieveld, Johannes/A-1986-2013; Tost, Holger/C-3812-2017; Kokkola, Harri/J-5993-2014; Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; Petzold, Andreas/J-2347-2012; Bergman, Tommi/C-2445-2009; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Swietlicki, Erik/B-9426-2014; Harrison, Roy/A-2256-2008; O'Dowd , Colin/K-8904-2012; Spracklen, Dominick/B-4890-2014; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Yu, Fangqun/F-3708-2011; Adams, Peter/D-7134-2013 OI Lee, Yunha/0000-0001-7478-2672; Woodhouse, Matthew/0000-0002-9892-4492; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos/0000-0002-1282-0896; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Tost, Holger/0000-0002-3105-4306; Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; Petzold, Andreas/0000-0002-2504-1680; Bergman, Tommi/0000-0002-6133-2231; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Harrison, Roy/0000-0002-2684-5226; O'Dowd , Colin/0000-0002-3068-2212; Yu, Fangqun/0000-0003-0874-4883; Adams, Peter/0000-0003-0041-058X FU National Centre for Atmospheric Science, one of the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) research centres; NERC [NE/G015015/1, NE/G006172/1]; NERC Doctoral Training Grant; EU from the European Research Council (ERC) [218793, 283576, FP7-280025]; ERC [265148, 226144]; UK Integrated Climate Programme - Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC); Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs - DECC/Defra [GA01101]; US Department of Energy (DOE) Scientific Discoveries through Advanced Computing program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program [NASA NNX09AK66G]; NERC project AEROS [NE/G006148/1]; Max Planck Society; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); Environment Canada; Flemish agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) through the Climate and Air Quality Modelling for Policy Support (CLIMAQS) project; NASA [NNX11AQ72G]; NSF [0942106]; EU [RII3-CT-2006-026140]; Swedish Environmental Protection Agency; UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; EPA; Met Eireann; Department of the Environment; European Union; German Ministry of Education and Science [AFO 2000]; European Commission FX G. W. Mann and K. S. Carslaw received funding from the National Centre for Atmospheric Science, one of the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) research centres. NERC research grants funded D. V. Spracklen (NE/G015015/1) and L. A. Lee (NE/G006172/1), while D. A. Ridley was funded via an NERC Doctoral Training Grant. M. T. Wood-house and G. W. Mann received EU funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) consortium projects MACC and MACC-II (grant agreements 218793 and 283576 respectively). C. L. Reddington, K. J. Pringle and K. S. Carslaw also received ERC FP7 funding under the PE-GASOS Integrated Project (grant agreement 265148). N. Bellouin, M. Dalvi, C. E. Johnson were supported as part the UK Integrated Climate Programme funded by the Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs - DECC/Defra (GA01101). S. J. Ghan, R. C. Easter and X. Liu were supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Scientific Discoveries through Advanced Computing program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. S. E. Bauer and K. Tsigaridis were supported by the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program (NASA NNX09AK66G) with supercomputing resourced via the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) at Goddard Space Flight Center. P. Stier has been supported by the NERC project AEROS (NE/G006148/1) and received EU funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under FP7 grant agreement FP7-280025. K. J. Pringle, H. Tost and J. Lelieveld received funding from the ERC (grant agreement 226144). K. Zhang was supported by funding from the Max Planck Society. Simulations with ECHAM5-HAM2 were performed at the German Climate Computing Center (Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum GmbH, DKRZ). K. von Salzen was supported by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) and Environment Canada. A. Strunk acknowledges financial support from the Flemish agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) through the Climate and Air Quality Modelling for Policy Support (CLIMAQS) project. F. Yu and G. Luo were supported by NASA under grant NNX11AQ72G and NSF under grant 0942106. The EUSAAR network of aerosol supersites were established with EU funding from the Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 Structuring the European Research Area Programme, Contract RII3-CT-2006-026140. Data for the Aspvreten and Zeppelin sites were provided by the Atmospheric Science Unit, Department of Applied Env. Sci, Stockholm University with financial support from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency. The Harwell station is operated with financial support from the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The Mace Head station received support from several Irish Government Agencies including the EPA, Met Eireann, and Department of the Environment. S. G. Jennings and C. D. O'Dowd would like to acknowledge the support of the European Union, through various projects within the 5th, 6th and 7th Framework programmes. J. Heintzenberg gratefully acknowledges financial support from the German Ministry of Education and Science (AFO 2000 programme) and from the European Commission's DGXII Environment RTD 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th framework programmes. Airborne data provided by A.; Clarke, University of Hawaii, represent about 2 decades of approximately equal support from the NSF-Atmospheric Chemistry Program and the NASA-Earth Science Division. We are also grateful to the two anonymous reviewers whose comments have improved the paper considerably. NR 158 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 79 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 9 BP 4679 EP 4713 DI 10.5194/acp-14-4679-2014 PG 35 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DN UT WOS:000336739700020 ER PT J AU Wolfe, GM Cantrell, C Kim, S Mauldin, RL Karl, T Harley, P Turnipseed, A Zheng, W Flocke, F Apel, EC Hornbrook, RS Hall, SR Ullmann, K Henry, SB DiGangi, JP Boyle, ES Kaser, L Schnitzhofer, R Hansel, A Graus, M Nakashima, Y Kajii, Y Guenther, A Keutsch, FN AF Wolfe, G. M. Cantrell, C. Kim, S. Mauldin, R. L., III Karl, T. Harley, P. Turnipseed, A. Zheng, W. Flocke, F. Apel, E. C. Hornbrook, R. S. Hall, S. R. Ullmann, K. Henry, S. B. DiGangi, J. P. Boyle, E. S. Kaser, L. Schnitzhofer, R. Hansel, A. Graus, M. Nakashima, Y. Kajii, Y. Guenther, A. Keutsch, F. N. TI Missing peroxy radical sources within a summertime ponderosa pine forest SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MIXED HARDWOOD FOREST; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY; EXCHANGE CAFE MODEL; OH-REACTIVITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; OZONE PRODUCTION; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION AB Organic peroxy (RO2) and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals are key intermediates in the photochemical processes that generate ozone, secondary organic aerosol and reactive nitrogen reservoirs throughout the troposphere. In regions with ample biogenic hydrocarbons, the richness and complexity of peroxy radical chemistry presents a significant challenge to current-generation models, especially given the scarcity of measurements in such environments. We present peroxy radical observations acquired within a ponderosa pine forest during the summer 2010 Bio-hydroatmosphere interactions of Energy, Aerosols, Carbon, H2O, Organics and Nitrogen - Rocky Mountain Organic Carbon Study (BEACHON-ROCS). Total peroxy radical mixing ratios reach as high as 180 pptv (parts per trillion by volume) and are among the highest yet recorded. Using the comprehensive measurement suite to constrain a near-explicit 0-D box model, we investigate the sources, sinks and distribution of peroxy radicals below the forest canopy. The base chemical mechanism underestimates total peroxy radicals by as much as a factor of 3. Since primary reaction partners for peroxy radicals are either measured (NO) or underpredicted (HO2 and RO2, i.e., self-reaction), missing sources are the most likely explanation for this result. A close comparison of model output with observations reveals at least two distinct source signatures. The first missing source, characterized by a sharp midday maximum and a strong dependence on solar radiation, is consistent with photolytic production of HO2. The diel profile of the second missing source peaks in the afternoon and suggests a process that generates RO2 independently of sun-driven photochemistry, such as ozonolysis of reactive hydrocarbons. The maximum magnitudes of these missing sources (similar to 120 and 50 pptv min(-1), respectively) are consistent with previous observations alluding to unexpectedly intense oxidation within forests. We conclude that a similar mechanism may underlie many such observations. C1 [Wolfe, G. M.; Henry, S. B.; DiGangi, J. P.; Boyle, E. S.; Keutsch, F. N.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Cantrell, C.; Kim, S.; Mauldin, R. L., III; Karl, T.; Harley, P.; Turnipseed, A.; Zheng, W.; Flocke, F.; Apel, E. C.; Hornbrook, R. S.; Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.; Guenther, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Atmospher Chem Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Mauldin, R. L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [Kaser, L.; Schnitzhofer, R.; Hansel, A.; Graus, M.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Graus, M.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Nakashima, Y.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Fac Urban Environm Sci, Div Appl Chem, Tokyo 158, Japan. [Kajii, Y.] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Global Environm Studies, Kyoto, Japan. RP Wolfe, GM (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM zlonewolfe@gmail.com RI Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Kim, Saewung/E-4089-2012; nakashima, yoshihiro/G-1141-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008 OI Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288 FU US National Science Foundation; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [L518-N20]; DOC-fFORTE fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics; EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Reintegration Program, "ALP-AIR") [334084]; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under sponsorship from the US National Science Foundation. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. The authors also thank the National Science Foundation (ATM 0852406) and the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under the project number L518-N20. Lisa Kaser is a recipient of a DOC-fFORTE fellowship of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics. This work was also supported by the EC Seventh Framework Programme (Marie Curie Reintegration Program, "ALP-AIR", grant no. 334084) to T. Karl. G. M. Wolfe acknowledges support from the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. We thank the US Forest Service, specifically Richard Oakes, for logistical support during BEACHON. Finally, we a grateful for the insightful comments of three anonymous referees. NR 84 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 56 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 9 BP 4715 EP 4732 DI 10.5194/acp-14-4715-2014 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DN UT WOS:000336739700021 ER PT J AU Rex, M Wohltmann, I Ridder, T Lehmann, R Rosenlof, K Wennberg, P Weisenstein, D Notholt, J Kruger, K Mohr, V Tegtmeier, S AF Rex, M. Wohltmann, I. Ridder, T. Lehmann, R. Rosenlof, K. Wennberg, P. Weisenstein, D. Notholt, J. Krueger, K. Mohr, V. Tegtmeier, S. TI A tropical West Pacific OH minimum and implications for stratospheric composition SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ZERO OZONE CONCENTRATIONS; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; LAGRANGIAN CHEMISTRY; HYDROXYL RADICALS; MODEL; TRANSPORT; LAYER; UNCERTAINTIES; VARIABILITY; VALIDATION AB Most of the short-lived biogenic and anthropogenic chemical species that are emitted into the atmosphere break down efficiently by reaction with OH and do not reach the stratosphere. Here we show the existence of a pronounced minimum in the tropospheric column of ozone over the West Pacific, the main source region for stratospheric air, and suggest a corresponding minimum of the tropospheric column of OH. This has the potential to amplify the impact of surface emissions on the stratospheric composition compared to the impact when assuming globally uniform OH conditions. Specifically, the role of emissions of biogenic halogenated species for the stratospheric halogen budget and the role of increasing emissions of SO2 in Southeast Asia or from minor volcanic eruptions for the increasing stratospheric aerosol loading need to be reassessed in light of these findings. This is also important since climate change will further modify OH abundances and emissions of halogenated species. Our study is based on ozone sonde measurements carried out during the TransBrom cruise with the RV Sonne roughly along 140-150 degrees E in October 2009 and corroborating ozone and OH measurements from satellites, aircraft campaigns and FTIR instruments. Model calculations with the GEOS-Chem Chemistry and Transport Model (CTM) and the ATLAS CTM are used to simulate the tropospheric OH distribution over the West Pacific and the transport pathways to the stratosphere. The potential effect of the OH minimum on species transported into the stratosphere is shown via modeling the transport and chemistry of CH2Br2 and SO2. C1 [Rex, M.; Wohltmann, I.; Lehmann, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Ridder, T.; Notholt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Rosenlof, K.] NOAA ESRL Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Wennberg, P.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Weisenstein, D.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Krueger, K.; Mohr, V.; Tegtmeier, S.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res Kiel GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. RP Rex, M (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. EM markus.rex@awi.de RI Wohltmann, Ingo/C-1301-2010; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Wohltmann, Ingo/0000-0003-4606-6788; Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU European Community within the SHIVA project [226224]; StratoClim project [603557]; BMBF [03G0731A]; WGL project TransBrom FX We thank two anonymous reviewers and in particular M. Manning for very useful comments on the original manuscript, which significantly improved the paper. We thank Ru-Shan Gao (NOAA) for his contributions and sharing his data. This work was supported by the European Community within the SHIVA project (grant no. 226224) and the StratoClim project (grant no. 603557). TransBrom was financed by the BMBF (grant no. 03G0731A). Susan Tegtmeier and Viktoria Mohr were funded by the WGL project TransBrom. We thank ECMWF for providing ERA Interim data. NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 9 BP 4827 EP 4841 DI 10.5194/acp-14-4827-2014 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DN UT WOS:000336739700027 ER PT J AU Saikawa, E Rigby, M Prinn, RG Montzka, SA Miller, BR Kuijpers, LJM Fraser, PJB Vollmer, MK Saito, T Yokouchi, Y Harth, CM Muhle, J Weiss, RF Salameh, PK Kim, J Li, S Park, S Kim, KR Young, D O'Doherty, S Simmonds, PG McCulloch, A Krummel, PB Steele, LP Lunder, C Hermansen, O Maione, M Arduini, J Yao, B Zhou, LX Wang, HJ Elkins, JW Hall, B AF Saikawa, E. Rigby, M. Prinn, R. G. Montzka, S. A. Miller, B. R. Kuijpers, L. J. M. Fraser, P. J. B. Vollmer, M. K. Saito, T. Yokouchi, Y. Harth, C. M. Muehle, J. Weiss, R. F. Salameh, P. K. Kim, J. Li, S. Park, S. Kim, K. -R. Young, D. O'Doherty, S. Simmonds, P. G. McCulloch, A. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Lunder, C. Hermansen, O. Maione, M. Arduini, J. Yao, B. Zhou, L. X. Wang, H. J. Elkins, J. W. Hall, B. TI Global and regional emission estimates for HCFC-22 (vol 12, pg 10033, 2012) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction AB No abstract available. C1 [Saikawa, E.; Rigby, M.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Rigby, M.; Young, D.; O'Doherty, S.; Simmonds, P. G.; McCulloch, A.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Montzka, S. A.; Miller, B. R.; Elkins, J. W.; Hall, B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kuijpers, L. J. M.] Tech Univ Eindhoven, Eindhoven Ctr Sustainabil, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. [Fraser, P. J. B.; Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Vollmer, M. K.] EMPA, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Saito, T.; Yokouchi, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Harth, C. M.; Muehle, J.; Weiss, R. F.; Salameh, P. K.; Kim, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Kim, J.; Li, S.; Park, S.; Kim, K. -R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Lunder, C.; Hermansen, O.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Maione, M.; Arduini, J.] Univ Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [Yao, B.; Zhou, L. X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, China Meteorol Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, H. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Saikawa, E (reprint author), MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM esaikawa@mit.edu RI Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; arduini, jgor/N-2798-2016; OI Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; arduini, jgor/0000-0002-5199-3853; Saikawa, Eri/0000-0003-3166-8620 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 10 BP 4857 EP 4858 DI 10.5194/acp-14-4857-2014 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DQ UT WOS:000336740000002 ER PT J AU Gentner, DR Ford, TB Guha, A Boulanger, K Brioude, J Angevine, WM de Gouw, JA Warneke, C Gilman, JB Ryerson, TB Peischl, J Meinardi, S Blake, DR Atlas, E Lonneman, WA Kleindienst, TE Beaver, MR St Clair, JM Wennberg, PO VandenBoer, TC Markovic, MZ Murphy, JG Harley, RA Goldstein, AH AF Gentner, D. R. Ford, T. B. Guha, A. Boulanger, K. Brioude, J. Angevine, W. M. de Gouw, J. A. Warneke, C. Gilman, J. B. Ryerson, T. B. Peischl, J. Meinardi, S. Blake, D. R. Atlas, E. Lonneman, W. A. Kleindienst, T. E. Beaver, M. R. St Clair, J. M. Wennberg, P. O. VandenBoer, T. C. Markovic, M. Z. Murphy, J. G. Harley, R. A. Goldstein, A. H. TI Emissions of organic carbon and methane from petroleum and dairy operations in California's San Joaquin Valley SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COMPOUND EMISSIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; OZONE PRODUCTION; AIR-QUALITY; LOS-ANGELES; GAS; IDENTIFICATION; MESOSCALE; POLLUTION; IMPACTS AB Petroleum and dairy operations are prominent sources of gas-phase organic compounds in California's San Joaquin Valley. It is essential to understand the emissions and air quality impacts of these relatively understudied sources, especially for oil/gas operations in light of increasing US production. Ground site measurements in Bakersfield and regional aircraft measurements of reactive gas-phase organic compounds and methane were part of the CalNex (California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) project to determine the sources contributing to regional gas-phase organic carbon emissions. Using a combination of near-source and downwind data, we assess the composition and magnitude of emissions, and provide average source profiles. To examine the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley, we developed a statistical modeling method using ground-based data and the FLEXPART-WRF transport and meteorological model. We present evidence for large sources of paraffinic hydrocarbons from petroleum operations and oxygenated compounds from dairy (and other cattle) operations. In addition to the small straight-chain alkanes typically associated with petroleum operations, we observed a wide range of branched and cyclic alkanes, most of which have limited previous in situ measurements or characterization in petroleum operation emissions. Observed dairy emissions were dominated by ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, and methane. Dairy operations were responsible for the vast majority of methane emissions in the San Joaquin Valley; observations of methane were well correlated with non-vehicular ethanol, and multiple assessments of the spatial distribution of emissions in the San Joaquin Valley highlight the dominance of dairy operations for methane emissions. The petroleum operations source profile was developed using the composition of non-methane hydrocarbons in unrefined natural gas associated with crude oil. The observed source profile is consistent with fugitive emissions of condensate during storage or processing of associated gas following extraction and methane separation. Aircraft observations of concentration hotspots near oil wells and dairies are consistent with the statistical source footprint determined via our FLEXPART-WRF-based modeling method and ground-based data. We quantitatively compared our observations at Bakersfield to the California Air Resources Board emission inventory and find consistency for relative emission rates of reactive organic gases between the aforementioned sources and motor vehicles in the region. We estimate that petroleum and dairy operations each comprised 22% of anthropogenic non-methane organic carbon at Bakersfield and were each responsible for 8-13% of potential precursors to ozone. Yet, their direct impacts as potential secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors were estimated to be minor for the source profiles observed in the San Joaquin Valley. C1 [Gentner, D. R.; Boulanger, K.; Harley, R. A.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ford, T. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Guha, A.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Gilman, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Peischl, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brioude, J.; Angevine, W. M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.; Gilman, J. B.; Ryerson, T. B.; Peischl, J.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Meinardi, S.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lonneman, W. A.; Kleindienst, T. E.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Beaver, M. R.; St Clair, J. M.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [VandenBoer, T. C.; Markovic, M. Z.; Murphy, J. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Gentner, DR (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM drew.gentner@yale.edu RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; FU California Air Resources Board [08-316]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10OAR4310104]; U.C. Berkeley undergraduate chemistry summer research fellowship FX For their support, we would like to acknowledge the California Air Resources Board (Contract 08-316), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (GRANT #NA10OAR4310104), and the U.C. Berkeley undergraduate chemistry summer research fellowship. We would also like to thank Joe Fisher and Jim Nyarady (CARB), Jason Surratt and Caitlin Rubitschun (U. North Carolina, Chapel Hill), and John Offenberg (US EPA) for their contributions and feedback. The US Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development collaborated in the research described here. The manuscript has been subjected to external peer review and has been cleared for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 66 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 10 BP 4955 EP 4978 DI 10.5194/acp-14-4955-2014 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DQ UT WOS:000336740000008 ER PT J AU Grell, GA Freitas, SR AF Grell, G. A. Freitas, S. R. TI A scale and aerosol aware stochastic convective parameterization for weather and air quality modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS; PRECIPITATION; CLOUD; ATMOSPHERE; TURBULENCE; SCHEMES; CLOSURE; TRMM AB A convective parameterization is described and evaluated that may be used in high resolution non-hydrostatic mesoscale models as well as in modeling system with unstructured varying grid resolutions and for convection aware simulations. This scheme is based on a stochastic approach originally implemented by Grell and Devenyi (2002). Two approaches are tested on resolutions ranging from 20 km to 5 km. One approach is based on spreading subsidence to neighboring grid points, the other one on a recently introduced method by Arakawa et al. (2011). Results from model intercomparisons, as well as verification with observations indicate that both the spreading of the subsidence and Arakawa's approach work well for the highest resolution runs. Because of its simplicity and its capability for an automatic smooth transition as the resolution is increased, Arakawa's approach may be preferred. Additionally, interactions with aerosols have been implemented through a cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) dependent autoconversion of cloud water to rain as well as an aerosol dependent evaporation of cloud drops. Initial tests with this newly implemented aerosol approach show plausible results with a decrease in predicted precipitation in some areas, caused by the changed autoconversion mechanism. This change also causes a significant increase of cloud water and ice detrainment near the cloud tops. Some areas also experience an increase of precipitation, most likely caused by strengthened downdrafts. C1 [Grell, G. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Freitas, S. R.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasting & Climate Studies, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Grell, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM georg.a.grell@noaa.gov RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X FU Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [306340/2011-9]; Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2012/13575-9] FX The authors would like to thank John Brown for a review of the manuscript and John Osborn for editorial assistance. Additionally, two anonymous reviewers helped to significantly improve the manuscript. We would like also to acknowledge the Health of the Atmosphere (HOA) program for providing funds for this development. The second author acknowledges partial support of this work by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) (306340/2011-9) and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) (2012/13575-9). Finally we also would like to thank Graham Feingold for valuable discussions. NR 42 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 10 BP 5233 EP 5250 DI 10.5194/acp-14-5233-2014 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI3DQ UT WOS:000336740000022 ER PT J AU Babushok, VI Linteris, GT Meier, OC Pagliaro, JL AF Babushok, V. I. Linteris, G. T. Meier, O. C. Pagliaro, J. L. TI FLAME INHIBITION BY CF3CHCL2 (HCFC-123) SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CF3CHCl2; Fire suppressants; Fire suppression; Flame inhibition; HCFC-123; Kinetic model; R123 ID CHEMICAL KINETIC DATA; HYDROGEN ABSTRACTION REACTIONS; CHLORINE ATOMS; FLUORINE-ATOMS; GAS-PHASE; TRIFLUOROMETHYL RADICALS; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MOLECULAR CHLORINE; RATE COEFFICIENTS; METHYL RADICALS AB A kinetic model is suggested for hydrocarbon/air flame propagation with addition of hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCFC) fire suppressant, encompassing the combined chemistry of fluorine-and chlorine-containing species. Calculated burning velocities using the kinetic model are in good agreement with available experimental burning velocity data for CF3Cl, CF2Cl2, or CFCl3 added to CO/H-2/O-2/Ar flames. The agent CF3CHCl2 is more effective than C2HF5, and reaction pathway analysis shows that the inhibition effect of chlorine reactions is greater than that of fluorine. The main reactions of the chlorine inhibition cycle are H+HCl=H-2+Cl, OH+HCl=H2O+Cl, Cl+CH4=HCl+CH3, Cl+HCO=HCl+CO, and Cl+CH2O=HCl+HCO. The inhibition effect of CF3CHCl2 is largely the result of competing reactions of chlorine-containing species with hydrogen (and other radical pool) species, decreasing the rate of the chain-branching reaction H+O-2, with additional effects from substitution of the reactive chain-branching radicals for less reactive fluorine-and chlorine-containing radicals. C1 [Babushok, V. I.; Linteris, G. T.; Pagliaro, J. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meier, O. C.] Boeing Co, Seattle, WA USA. RP Babushok, VI (reprint author), NIST, Mailstop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babushok@nist.gov; linteris@nist.gov FU Boeing Company FX The work was supported by the Boeing Company. NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 EI 1563-521X J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2014 VL 186 IS 6 BP 792 EP 814 DI 10.1080/00102202.2013.878709 PG 23 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AI3FR UT WOS:000336746700006 ER PT S AU Kemiktarak, U Stambaugh, C Xu, HT Taylor, J Lawall, J AF Kemiktarak, Utku Stambaugh, Corey Xu, Haitan Taylor, Jacob Lawall, John BE ChangHasnain, CJ Fattal, D Koyama, F Zhou, W TI Optomechanics with high-contrast gratings SO HIGH CONTRAST METASTRUCTURES III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Contrast Metastructures III CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE optomechanics; HCG; Fabry-Perot; sub-wavelength; stoichiometric ID CAVITY AB High-contrast gratings fabricated in free-standing membranes of silicon nitride are a remarkable new platform for optomechanics, as they combine high reflectivity, low mass, and a high mechanical quality factor in a single device. In an effort to further improve on our earlier designs, we are now fabricating high-contrast gratings from stoichiometric silicon nitride. The new gratings have a diameter of 80 mu m, a thickness of 250 mu m, and are patterned in square membranes from 100 mu m to 500 mu m on a side. We find reflectivities R > 0.994 for these devices, and fundamental mechanical resonance frequencies above 1.5 MHz. In addition, we have incorporated HCGs fabricated from low-stress silicon nitride into a "membrane-in-the-middle" setup, and observe that the cavity transmission spectrum is distorted from a constant free spectral range of 3 GHz to one characterized by anticrossings separated by 72 +/- 2 MHz. C1 [Kemiktarak, Utku; Stambaugh, Corey; Xu, Haitan; Taylor, Jacob; Lawall, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawall, J (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM utku.kemiktarak@nist.gov; corey.stambaugh@nist.gov; haitan.xu@nist.gov; jacob.taylor@nist.gov; john.lawall@nist.gov RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Xu, Haitan/K-4137-2012; OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Stambaugh, Corey/0000-0001-9178-0572 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9908-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8995 AR 89950P DI 10.1117/12.2044712 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BA5KE UT WOS:000336744200012 ER PT S AU Gnaupel-Herold, T Green, DE Foecke, T Iadicola, MA AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas Green, Daniel E. Foecke, Timothy Iadicola, Mark A. BE Kurz, SJB Mittemeijer, EJ Scholtes, B TI Through-Thickness Stresses in Automotive Sheet Metal after Plane Strain Channel Draw SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES 9 (ICRS 9) SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Residual Stresses (ICRS 9) CY OCT 07-09, 2012 CL Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GERMANY SP Arbeitsgemeinschaft Warmebehandlung & Werkstofftechnik e V, Anton Paar GmbH, Bruker AXS, Dectris AG, Max Planck Soc, OSK Kiefer GmbH, PANalyt GmbH, Proto Mfg, Rigaku Europe SE, SINT Technol s r 1, Stresstech GmbH DE Sheet Metal Stress; Plane Strain Stretch Bending; Diffraction; Springback; Forming ID DIFFRACTION; CUP AB A series of samples from four automotive materials - AKDQ, HSLA50, DP600, and AA6022-T43 - were deformed in a channel draw processes with different levels of draw bead penetration. As a result, varying magnitudes of deformations in plane strain mode and residual stresses were obtained. Through-thickness stress profiles were obtained non-destructively using a novel, high resolution X-ray diffraction technique. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr M-S 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, Daniel E.] Univ Windsor, Dept Mech Automot & Mat Engn, Windsor N9B 3P4, ON, Canada. [Foecke, Timothy; Iadicola, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr M-S 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov; dgreen@uwindsor.ca; timothy.foecke@nist.gov; mark.iadicola@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2014 VL 768-769 BP 433 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.768-769.433 PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA5IP UT WOS:000336693000057 ER PT S AU Gnaupel-Herold, T Iadicola, MA Creuziger, AA Foecke, T Hu, L AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas Iadicola, Mark A. Creuziger, Adam A. Foecke, Timothy Hu, Lin BE Kurz, SJB Mittemeijer, EJ Scholtes, B TI Interpretation of Diffraction Data from In-situ Stress Measurements during Biaxial Sheet Metal Forming SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES 9 (ICRS 9) SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Residual Stresses (ICRS 9) CY OCT 07-09, 2012 CL Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GERMANY SP Arbeitsgemeinschaft Warmebehandlung & Werkstofftechnik e V, Anton Paar GmbH, Bruker AXS, Dectris AG, Max Planck Soc, OSK Kiefer GmbH, PANalyt GmbH, Proto Mfg, Rigaku Europe SE, SINT Technol s r 1, Stresstech GmbH DE Sheet Metal Forming; Stress; Yield; Diffraction AB Biaxial yield behavior is determined in-situ through X-ray lattice strain measurements. The distributions of d-spacings in different sample directions is affected both by the changes in diffraction elastic constants (DEC) from evolving texture and by the intergranular (IG) strains. Model predictions were found to be lacking, thus, a hybrid approach was developed based on measurements of DEC and IG strains at selected biaxial deformations. In order to convert measured lattice strains to stress for any given biaxial plastic strain, a theoretical approximation was fitted to the experimental data, thus allowing the estimation of the evolution of DEC and IG strains with plastic deformation. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr M-S 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iadicola, Mark A.; Creuziger, Adam A.; Foecke, Timothy] NIST, Ctr Automot Lightweighting, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Lin] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr M-S 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov; mark.iadicola@nist.gov; adam.creuziger@nist.gov; timothy.foecke@nist.gov; linhu@andrew.cmu.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 9 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2014 VL 768-769 BP 441 EP + DI 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.768-769.441 PG 2 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BA5IP UT WOS:000336693000058 ER PT J AU Felthoven, RG Lee, J Schnier, KE AF Felthoven, Ronald G. Lee, Jean Schnier, Kurt E. TI Cooperative Formation and Peer Effects in Fisheries SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Fishery cooperatives; cooperative formation; information sharing ID STATISTICAL PROPERTIES; MANAGEMENT REFORM; ECONOMIC-BENEFITS; PROCESSING SECTOR; IDENTIFICATION; EFFICIENCY; ELASTICITIES; PROPERTY; RESOURCE; MODELS AB The economic benefits that arise following the transition to a rights-based fishery management regime accrue on both the extensive and intensive margins. This research explores the changes in fleet composition, economic performance, and coordination that occurred following the introduction of the Bering Sea Crab Rationalization Program. On the extensive margin, we estimate the relative efficiency of vessels within each fishing cooperative to look for potential arbitrage opportunities when selecting which vessels will fish the cooperative's quota allocation. On the intensive margin, we investigate the role of peer effects in facilitating the flow of information within the cooperative. The results support two hypotheses within the red king and snow crab fisheries: (1) the cooperatives which formed appear to have exploited the intra-cooperative efficiency arbitrage opportunities, and (2) an increase in landings by a fellow cooperative member tends to increase one's own landings, a positive peer effect. C1 [Felthoven, Ronald G.] NOAA Fisheries, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98270 USA. [Lee, Jean] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Seattle, WA 98270 USA. [Schnier, Kurt E.] Univ Calif Merced, Sch Humanities Social Sci & Arts, Merced, CA 94343 USA. RP Felthoven, RG (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE F AKC2, Seattle, WA 98270 USA. EM ron.felthoven@noaa.gov; jean.lee@noaa.gov; kschnier@ucmerced.edu FU Property and Environment Research Center (PERC) FX Schnier acknowledges the Property and Environment Research Center (PERC) who provided a Lone Mountain Fellowship while he was initiating this research agenda. We are grateful to the University of Wisconsin Press who has allowed us to reproduce some of the econometric results presented in an earlier paper by Schnier and Felthoven (2013). These results are contained in Schnier, Kurt and Ronald G. Felthoven. "Production Efficiency and Exit in Rights-Based Fisheries." Originally published in Land Economics 89.3 (August 2013):538-557. (C) Board of Regents, the University of Wisconsin System. Reproduced courtesy of the University of Wisconsin Press. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 133 EP 156 DI 10.1086/676827 PG 24 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA AI1UV UT WOS:000336641600004 ER PT J AU Agar, JJ Stephen, JA Strelcheck, A Diagne, A AF Agar, Juan J. Stephen, Jessica A. Strelcheck, Andy Diagne, Assane TI The Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper IFQ Program: The First Five Years SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Individual fishing quotas; Gulf of Mexico; red snapper; five-year review; socio-economics ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; MANAGEMENT AB The Gulf of Mexico red snapper individual fishing quota program was implemented in 2007 to reduce overcapacity and eliminate derby fishing conditions in the commercial fishery. The five-year review of the program reveals that the number of vessels and fishing trips declined by 17% and 29%, respectively. The review also found the fishery was open year round for the first time in 20 years. Between 2007 and 2011, inflation-adjusted dockside, allocation (leased quota), and quota share prices rose by 7%, 37%, and 145%, respectively, suggesting the profitability of the fleet improved. Gini and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices indicate the distribution of shares is highly unequal, but shareholders do not have market power. The absence of quota overages and lower aggregate discard levels suggest resource stewardship improved. However, discards in the eastern Gulf remain high due to stock range expansion and insufficient allocation. This article also describes lessons learned from the five-year review. C1 [Agar, Juan J.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Stephen, Jessica A.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Strelcheck, Andy] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Ltd Access Privilege Programs Branch, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Diagne, Assane] Gulf Mexico Fishery Management Council, Tampa, FL 33607 USA. RP Agar, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM juan.agar@noaa.gov; jessica.stephen@noaa.gov; andy.strelcheck@noaa.gov; assane.diagne@gulfcouncil.org NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 177 EP 198 DI 10.1086/676825 PG 22 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA AI1UV UT WOS:000336641600006 ER PT J AU Li, Z Huang, RYC Yopp, DC Hileman, TH Santangelo, TJ Hurwitz, J Hudgens, JW Kelman, Z AF Li, Zhuo Huang, Richard Y. -C. Yopp, Daniel C. Hileman, Travis H. Santangelo, Thomas J. Hurwitz, Jerard Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Kelman, Zvi TI A novel mechanism for regulating the activity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen by a small protein SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID DISSOCIATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PCNA-BINDING MOTIF; C-TERMINAL REGION; DNA-POLYMERASE; THERMOCOCCUS-KODAKARENSIS; HYDROGEN/DEUTERIUM EXCHANGE; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; HYDROGEN-EXCHANGE; SLIDING CLAMPS; REPLICATION AB Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) forms a trimeric ring that associates with and influences the activity of many proteins participating in DNA metabolic processes and cell cycle progression. Previously, an uncharacterized small protein, encoded by TK0808 in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis, was shown to stably interact with PCNA in vivo. Here, we show that this protein, designated Thermococcales inhibitor of PCNA (TIP), binds to PCNA in vitro and inhibits PCNA-dependent activities likely by preventing PCNA trimerization. Using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and site-directed mutagenesis, the interacting regions of PCNA and TIP were identified. Most proteins bind to PCNA via a PCNA-interacting peptide (PIP) motif that interacts with the inter domain connecting loop (IDCL) on PCNA. TIP, however, lacks any known PCNA-interacting motif, suggesting a new mechanism for PCNA binding and regulation of PCNA-dependent activities, which may support the development of a new subclass of therapeutic biomolecules for inhibiting PCNA. C1 [Li, Zhuo; Huang, Richard Y. -C.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Kelman, Zvi] Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Huang, Richard Y. -C.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Kelman, Zvi] NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Yopp, Daniel C.; Hileman, Travis H.; Santangelo, Thomas J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Yopp, Daniel C.; Hileman, Travis H.; Santangelo, Thomas J.] Ohio State Univ, Ctr RNA Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Hurwitz, Jerard] Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Program Mol Biol, New York, NY 10065 USA. RP Kelman, Z (reprint author), Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM zkelman@umd.edu FU National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646]; National Institutes of Health [GM098176, GM100329, GH034559]; National Institute of Standards and Technology intramural funds FX National Science Foundation [MCB-0815646 to Z.K.]; National Institutes of Health [GM098176, GM100329 to T.J.S., GH034559 to J.H.]. Source of open access funding: National Institute of Standards and Technology intramural funds. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 EI 1362-4962 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PY 2014 VL 42 IS 9 BP 5776 EP 5789 DI 10.1093/nar/gku239 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AH9WI UT WOS:000336495400039 PM 24728986 ER PT J AU Flores, JM Washenfelder, RA Adler, G Lee, HJ Segev, L Laskin, J Laskin, A Nizkorodov, SA Brown, SS Rudich, Y AF Flores, J. M. Washenfelder, R. A. Adler, G. Lee, H. J. Segev, L. Laskin, J. Laskin, A. Nizkorodov, S. A. Brown, S. S. Rudich, Y. TI Complex refractive indices in the near-ultraviolet spectral region of biogenic secondary organic aerosol aged with ammonia SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ENHANCED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIGHT-ABSORBING IMPURITIES; SULFURIC-ACID-SOLUTIONS; BROWN CARBON; ALPHA-PINENE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK CARBON; REACTION-PRODUCTS AB Atmospheric absorption by brown carbon aerosol may play an important role in global radiative forcing. Brown carbon arises from both primary and secondary sources, but the mechanisms and reactions of the latter are highly uncertain. One proposed mechanism is the reaction of ammonia or amino acids with carbonyl products in secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We generated SOA in situ by reacting biogenic alkenes (alpha-pinene, limonene, and alpha-humulene) with excess ozone, humidifying the resulting aerosol, and reacting the humidified aerosol with gaseous ammonia. We determined the complex refractive indices (RI) in the 360-420 nm range for these aerosols using broadband cavity enhanced spectroscopy (BBCES). The average real part (n) of the measured spectral range of the NH3-aged alpha-pinene SOA increased from n = 1.50 (+/- 0.01) for the unreacted SOA to n = 1.57 (+/- 0.01) after 1.5 h of exposure to 1.9 ppm NH3, whereas the imaginary component (k) remained below k < 0.001 ((+0.002)(-0.001)) For the limonene and alpha-humulene SOA the real part did not change significantly, and we observed a small change in the imaginary component of the RI. The imaginary component increased from k = 0.000 to an average k = 0.029 (+/- 0.021) for alpha-humulene SOA, and from k < 0.001((+0.002)(-0.001)) to an average k = 0.032 (+/- 0.019) for limonene SOA after 1.5 h of exposure to 1.3 and 1.9 ppm of NH3, respectively. Collected filter samples of the aged and unreacted alpha-pinene SOA and limonene SOA were analyzed off-line by nanospray desorption electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (nano-DESI/HR-MS), and in situ using a Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (ToF-AMS), confirming that the SOA reacted and that various nitrogen-containing reaction products formed. If we assume that NH3 aging reactions scale linearly with time and concentration, which will not necessarily be the case in the atmosphere, then a 1.5 h reaction with 1 ppm NH3 in the laboratory is equivalent to 24 h reaction with 63 ppbv NH3, indicating that the observed aerosol absorption will be limited to atmospheric regions with high NH3 concentrations. C1 [Flores, J. M.; Adler, G.; Segev, L.; Rudich, Y.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Washenfelder, R. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.; Brown, S. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lee, H. J.; Nizkorodov, S. A.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Laskin, J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Laskin, A.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Rudich, Y (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM yinon.rudich@weizmann.ac.il RI Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Laskin, Julia/H-9974-2012; Rudich, Yinon/K-1498-2012; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Laskin, Alexander/I-2574-2012; Nizkorodov, Sergey/I-4120-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Laskin, Julia/0000-0002-4533-9644; Laskin, Alexander/0000-0002-7836-8417; Nizkorodov, Sergey/0000-0003-0891-0052; Rudich, Yinon/0000-0003-3149-0201 FU USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) [2012013]; German Israel Science Foundation [1136-26.8/2011]; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) Program; NOAA AC4 program [NA13OAR4310066, NA13OAR4310062]; U.S. DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research; U.S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RL0 1830]; Jinich Postdoctoral Fellowship FX This research was supported by research grants from the USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF) grant #2012013 and by the German Israel Science Foundation (grant #1136-26.8/2011). We thank Avi Lavi for his help with the ToF-AMS measurements, and John Nowak and Charles Brock for their helpful suggestions. RAW and SSB acknowledge financial support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through Climate Program Office's Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle and Climate (AC4) Program. The PNNL and UCI groups acknowledge support by the NOAA AC4 program, awards NA13OAR4310066 (PNNL) and NA13OAR4310062 (UCI). The nano-DESI/HR-MS experiments described in this paper were performed at the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a national scientific user facility sponsored by U.S. DOE's Office of Biological and Environmental Research and located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). PNNL is operated for U.S. DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC06-76RL0 1830. JMF is supported by a research grant from the Jinich Postdoctoral Fellowship. NR 98 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 9 U2 74 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 22 BP 10629 EP 10642 DI 10.1039/c4cp01009d PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AI3SF UT WOS:000336781500042 PM 24752662 ER PT S AU Watanabe, H Ujike, H Penczek, J Boynton, PA AF Watanabe, Hiroshi Ujike, Hiroyasu Penczek, John Boynton, Paul A. BE Woods, AJ Holliman, NS Favalora, GE TI Effect of local crosstalk on depth perception SO STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS AND APPLICATIONS XXV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th Conference on Stereoscopic Displays and Applications XXV as Part of the IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging - Science and Technology Symposium CY FEB 03-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE, IMAX, Volfoni, DepthQ 3D, Christie Digital, Tekamaki DE Interocular crosstalk; depth order judgment; psychometric function; disparity; constant method ID VISUAL FATIGUE; COMFORT; IMAGES AB Interocular crosstalk has a significant undesirable effect on the quality of 3D displays that utilize horizontal disparity. This study investigates observer sensitivity when judging the depth order of two horizontally aligned dots on a 3D display and assesses 3D display uniformity by obtaining this index for various locations on the display. Visual stimulus is two horizontally disparate dots, with nine steps of horizontal disparity. A dot pair is presented at five screen locations. An observer wearing polarized glasses sits 57 cm from a display, observes it through a slit, and judges the depth order of two dots. Each of the 20 observers responds 16 times per disparate dot pair, and we calculate the rate at which observers judge the dot on the right to be nearer in 16 trials for each display, screen location, and disparity. We then plot the rate as a function of the left-right dot disparity and fit a psychometric function to the plot. A curve slope at a response probability of 50% is used to gauge the sensitivity of depth order judgment. Results show the depth sensitivity variation across the display surface depends on interocular-crosstalk variation across the display thus its uniformity of the display. C1 [Watanabe, Hiroshi] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-8-31 Midorioka, Ikeda, Osaka 5638577, Japan. [Ujike, Hiroyasu] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058566, Japan. [Penczek, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Boynton, Paul A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watanabe, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, 1-8-31 Midorioka, Ikeda, Osaka 5638577, Japan. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9928-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9011 AR UNSP 901128 DI 10.1117/12.2041176 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA BA5EK UT WOS:000336590300067 ER PT S AU Meiselman, S Cohen, O DeCamp, MF Lorenz, VO AF Meiselman, S. Cohen, O. DeCamp, M. F. Lorenz, V. O. GP IOP TI Measuring vibrational coherence lifetimes in liquid methanol using transient coherent Raman scattering SO 22ND INTERNATIONAL LASER PHYSICS WORKSHOP (LPHYS'13) SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual International Laser Physics Workshop (LPHYS) CY JUL 15-19, 2013 CL Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys, Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Tech Univ HO Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Phys ID SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; DYNAMICS; DIAMOND AB We demonstrate the measurement of vibrational coherence in liquids using transient coherent Raman scattering. This technique measures the coherence lifetime of vibrational states through the interference of time-delayed coherent Raman-scattered photons using low-power, non-resonant optical pulses. We measure the vibrational lifetime of the 1033 cm(-1) mode in liquid methanol. The resulting lifetime agrees with frequency-domain lineshape measurements. This technique is a complementary and in some cases simpler alternative to standard nonlinear spectroscopy techniques. C1 [Meiselman, S.; DeCamp, M. F.; Lorenz, V. O.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Cohen, O.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Cohen, O.] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Meiselman, S (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM vlorenz@udel.edu FU University of Delaware Research Foundation; NSF Physics Division [1205812] FX This work was supported in part by the University of Delaware Research Foundation and the NSF Physics Division, Grant No. 1205812. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2014 VL 497 AR UNSP 012004 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/497/1/012004 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA4SS UT WOS:000336253700004 ER PT S AU Peyronel, T Firstenberg, O Liang, QY Gorshkov, A Lukin, MD Vuletic, V AF Peyronel, T. Firstenberg, O. Liang, Q. -Y. Gorshkov, A. Lukin, M. D. Vuletic, V. BE Hasan, ZU Hemmer, PR Lee, H Santori, CM TI Quantum nonlinear optics using cold Rydberg atoms SO ADVANCES IN PHOTONICS OF QUANTUM COMPUTING, MEMORY, AND COMMUNICATION VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Photonics of Quantum Computing, Memory, and Communication VII CY FEB 04-06, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Nonlinear optics; quantum optics; Rydberg atoms; electromagnetically induced transparency ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; PHASE-SHIFTS; BLOCKADE; PHOTONS; LIGHT; GAS AB Although photons do no affect each other in vacuum, interactions between individual photons could enable a wide variety of scientific and engineering applications. Here we report on the creation of a quantum nonlinear medium with large photon-photon interactions at the single photon level. Our approach relies on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) techniques, in which individual photons are coherently mapped onto strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. Under EIT conditions, photons traveling in the medium are best described as part-matter part-light quantum particles, called polaritons, which experience long-range interactions through the Rydberg blockade. In particular, we demonstrate coherent photon-photon interactions, akin to those associated with conventional massive particles, paving the way for novel photonics states and quantum simulation with light. C1 [Peyronel, T.; Liang, Q. -Y.; Vuletic, V.] MIT, Dept Phys, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Firstenberg, O.; Lukin, M. D.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA USA. [Gorshkov, A.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Peyronel, T (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Elect Res Lab, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM peyronel@physics.harvard.edu NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9910-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8997 AR UNSP 89970R DI 10.1117/12.2043165 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics GA BA4LE UT WOS:000335950400009 ER PT J AU Kumari, H Kline, SR Atwood, JL AF Kumari, H. Kline, S. R. Atwood, J. L. TI Aqueous solubilization of hydrophobic supramolecular metal-organic nanocapsules SO CHEMICAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE; MOLECULAR RECOGNITION; COORDINATED CAPSULES; ENCAPSULATION; ASSEMBLIES; LOCATION; BINDING; CLUSTER; PHASE AB Micelles of metal-seamed C-propylpyrogallol[4] arene-based [(PgC(3)) nM4nL0-4n, L ligand, M metal] hexamers and dimers in water have been formulated using non-ionic surfactants and characterized using in situ scattering techniques. Polysorbitans (tween 20, tween 40, tween 80) are utilized to solubilize (PgC(3))(6)Cu-24 and (PgC(3)) 6Ni(24)L(24) hexamers, (PgC(3))(2)Ni8L8, (PgC(3))(2)Zn8L8, and (PgC(3))(2)Co8L8 dimers in water. The dimensions of micelles of tweens subset of(PgC(3)) nM(4n)L(0-4n) dimers and hexamers are studied using dynamic light scattering (DLS; hydrodynamic radius/ R-h) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). SANS data is fitted to a polydisperse core-shell-sphere model (static radius/ RHS) and used to calculate the radius of gyration (R-g). An increase in radius of the tween 20 (C12)-and tween 40 (C16)based micelles is observed with an increase in the radius of the nanocapsule (dimer vs. hexamer); however, given the longer alkyl tails of tween 80 (C18: 1, cis-9), a progression in radius is not observed for tween 80-enclosed micelles due to the unsaturation (C9) and bent alkyl tail of the surfactant. The Rg : Rh ratios are close to 0.77 for the control (0.62), tween 20 subset of dimeric (0.67) and tween 20 subset of hexameric (0.68) micelles that demonstrates the sphericity of micelles in water. In contrast, the higher R-g/R-h ratio (0.76 to 0.93) of tween 80-based micelles is indicative of more elongated micellar species in aqueous solution. C1 [Kumari, H.; Atwood, J. L.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. [Kline, S. R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atwood, JL (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, 601 S Coll Ave, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. FU NSF [DMR-0944772, CHE-8908304] FX We thank NSF for support of this work (J.L.A). This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement no. DMR-0944772 (S.R.K.), NSF grant CHE-8908304. Certain trade names and company products are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products are necessarily best for the purpose. We also thank Prof. Carol A. Deakyne for valuable discussions. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 25 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2041-6520 EI 2041-6539 J9 CHEM SCI JI Chem. Sci. PY 2014 VL 5 IS 6 BP 2554 EP 2559 DI 10.1039/c4sc00035h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AH6QA UT WOS:000336254500059 ER PT J AU Ryan, RW Holland, DS Herrera, GE AF Ryan, Richard W. Holland, Daniel S. Herrera, Guillermo E. TI Ecosystem Externalities in Fisheries SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE Ecosystem externality; fishery; bioeconomic; habitat; forage ID WALLEYE POLLOCK; MANAGEMENT; ECONOMICS; RESOURCE; HABITATS; LINKAGES; QUALITY; MAINE; AREA; SEA AB The economics literature on fisheries has focused primarily on stock externalities and, to a lesser degree, on crowding externalities. Yet for many fisheries, harvesting activities may affect the underlying biological productivity of the fish stock by impacting the forage or habitat quantity or quality. We refer to this as an "ecosystem externality." Ecosystem externalities may be positive as well as negative. While fishing may damage habitat in ways that reduce productivity, in some cases it may increase food availability and thereby increase productivity of the target species of a fishery. Extending the model of Smith (1968), we use three equations to characterize dynamics of a resource stock, profit-maximizing individual behavior, and vessel entry/exit. We use this simple model to show how ecosystem externalities, in conjunction with stock externalities and crowding externalities, affect system dynamics, open-access equilibria, and optimal fishery regulation implemented through a tax. C1 [Ryan, Richard W.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA Fisheries, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Herrera, Guillermo E.] Bowdoin Coll, Dept Econ, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. RP Ryan, RW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, 238 Lorch Hall,611 Tappan St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM richryan@umich.edu; dan.holland@noaa.gov; gherrera@bowdoin.edu OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X FU National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program [0709527]; Gail Roggin Wilensky Fellowship Program FX Funding for this research from the National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program, Award# 0709527 is gratefully acknowledged. Ryan acknowledges support from the Gail Roggin Wilensky Fellowship Program. NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0738-1360 EI 2334-5985 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1086/676288 PG 15 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA AH5TT UT WOS:000336194700003 ER PT J AU Thomsen, GL Montgomery, MT Smith, RK AF Thomsen, Gerald L. Montgomery, Michael T. Smith, Roger K. TI Sensitivity of tropical-cyclone intensification to perturbations in the surface drag coefficient SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE hurricanes; typhoons; wind-wave coupling ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; HIGH-RESOLUTION SIMULATIONS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; HIGH WIND SPEEDS; PART II; MOMENTUM FLUX; TURBULENT FLUXES; CORE; PARAMETERIZATIONS; EXCHANGE AB The recent studies of the sensitivity of tropical-cyclone intensification to the surface drag coefficient in a three-dimensional model by Montgomery et al., and Smith et al., are extended to include perturbations of the surface drag coefficient in one of four boundary-layer parametrization schemes: the bulk scheme, the Blackadar scheme, the MRF scheme, and the Gayno-Seaman scheme. The schemes are slightly modified to have the same drag coefficient formulation and the same constant exchange coefficients for sensible heat and moisture. We find that the intensification rate and mature intensity are essentially unaltered when the drag coefficient is perturbed randomly by variations of up to 60%. The results, in conjunction with an analysis of coherent drag coefficient variations for a moving vortex, question the notion that coupled wind-wave mod els are necessary to accurately forecast tropical-cyclone intensification and mature intensity. C1 [Thomsen, Gerald L.; Smith, Roger K.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Thomsen, GL (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM g.thomsen@physik.uni-muenchen.de FU US Office of Naval Research [N00014-03-1-0185]; US National Science Foundation [ATM-0715426] FX MTM acknowledges the support of grant no. N00014-03-1-0185 from the US Office of Naval Research, and the US National Science Foundation grant ATM-0715426. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 140 IS 679 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1002/qj.2048 PN B PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC8DO UT WOS:000332763400006 ER PT J AU Knipp, DJ Matsuo, T Kilcommons, L Richmond, A Anderson, B Korth, H Redmon, R Mero, B Parrish, N AF Knipp, D. J. Matsuo, T. Kilcommons, L. Richmond, A. Anderson, B. Korth, H. Redmon, R. Mero, B. Parrish, N. TI Comparison of magnetic perturbation data from LEO satellite constellations: Statistics of DMSP and AMPERE SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE magnetometer; field-aligned currents; AMPERE ID FIELD-ALIGNED CURRENTS; LARGE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; HIGH-LATITUDE; BIRKELAND CURRENTS; IONOSPHERIC ELECTRODYNAMICS; CURRENT SYSTEMS; IRIDIUM CONSTELLATION; INNER MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOMETER DATA; MHD SIMULATIONS AB During the past decade engineering-grade magnetic field measurements from the low Earth orbiting (LEO) Iridium constellation of communication satellites have been available to the geospace science community as a tool to map field-aligned currents. The Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE) applied to Iridium measurements markedly improved the temporal and spatial resolution of these data. We developed new methods to compare data from the latest improvement to AMPERE with those from a constellation of four LEO Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft that carry high-resolution magnetometers. To perform the comparisons, we transformed all data to a common coordinate frame and altitude (110 km) and developed a means of computing spacecraft magnetic conjunctions. These conjunctions yield discrepancies in the magnetic field perturbations measured at each proximate spacecraft. During the geomagnetic disturbance of 29-30 May 2010, the vector differences in the horizontal perturbations at closest approach (typically a few tens of kilometers) had mean, median, and standard deviation values of 132 nT, 112 nT, and 90 nT, respectively. The DMSP spacecraft tend to report larger perturbations in the northern polar cap and cusp regions, especially during active intervals. We attribute some of the differences to limitations of spacecraft-attitude knowledge that propagate into AMPERE data. Overall, for the magnetic storm, we provide clear evidence that AMPERE data can provide high-resolution auroral zone data in good agreement with DMSP data for use in data assimilation algorithms. Such dual-use commercial data can provide important global augmentation to the nation's space weather monitoring capabilities. C1 [Knipp, D. J.; Kilcommons, L.; Mero, B.; Parrish, N.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Knipp, D. J.; Richmond, A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, High Altitude Observ, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matsuo, T.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anderson, B.; Korth, H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD USA. [Redmon, R.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Knipp, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM delores.knipp@colorado.edu OI Richmond, Arthur/0000-0002-6708-1023 FU NSF [AGS 1025089, AGS-1103149, AGS-1135446, ATM-0739864]; National Science Foundation; NASA [NNX13AG07G] FX We are grateful to Fred Rich for providing processed data from the DMSP satellite constellation and for many useful discussions. DJK, TM, and LMK were partially supported by NSF grant AGS 1025089. ADR was supported in part by NSF grants AGS-1103149 and AGS-1135446. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NSF sponsorship for AMPERE was provided under grant ATM-0739864 to The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. RR, DJK, and BM were partially supported by NASA grant NNX13AG07G. We acknowledge use of NASA/GSFC's Space Physics Data Facility's OMNIWeb service, and OMNI data, along with use of archived DMSP data from the NOAA National Geophysical Data Center. NR 78 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 2 EP 23 DI 10.1002/2013SW000987 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB1KU UT WOS:000331551300002 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, JV Krosschell, JC Green, JC AF Rodriguez, J. V. Krosschell, J. C. Green, J. C. TI Intercalibration of GOES 8-15 solar proton detectors SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE solar proton; calibration; geosynchronous ID ENERGETIC STORM PARTICLES; GEOMAGNETIC CUTOFF; SYNCHRONOUS ALTITUDE; POLAR CAPS; ACCESS; RADIATION; DISTRIBUTIONS; PENETRATION; EVENTS; NORTH AB This work provides a relative intercalibration of the high-energy proton channels from the Energetic Particle Sensors (EPS) flown on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) since 1994 using a technique that depends on features that arise during high solar wind dynamic pressure. Based on observations of solar energetic protons from polar-orbiting and geostationary satellites (1998-2013), solar proton fluxes are isotropic at geostationary orbit during periods of high solar wind dynamic pressure (P-dyn>5-10nPa). The observed isotropy results from the solar proton fluxes having rigidities (momenta per unit charge) greater than their geomagnetic cutoffs over the complete energy and angular responses of the satellite-borne detector. (The cutoff in a given direction is the rigidity below which an interplanetary particle cannot reach that location.) Under these conditions, we determine the relative responses of the EPS flown on GOES 8 through 15. These detectors are widely used for alerts of the radiation hazard posed to spacecraft and humans by solar energetic particle events; therefore, it is important to know their relative responses. The results of this low-scatter intercalibration analysis show that the relative responses agree to 20% or better (sometimes better than 1%). The effect of such relative calibration differences on the derived integral fluxes used by NOAA for its real-time solar radiation storm alerts is shown to be small (<10%). This method can be used to intercalibrate solar proton detectors of different design if their broad energy response functions are carefully accounted for. C1 [Rodriguez, J. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, J. V.; Green, J. C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Krosschell, J. C.] Dordt Coll, Sioux Ctr, IA USA. RP Rodriguez, JV (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM juan.v.rodriguez@colorado.edu FU NSF [AGS-1024701]; NOAA Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship FX This work was supported by NSF award AGS-1024701 to the University of Colorado. J.C. Krosschell was supported during this work by a NOAA Hollings Undergraduate Scholarship. J. Mazur provided comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. The EPS/EPEAD instruments on GOES 8-15 were built and tested by Panametrics, Inc., now part of Assurance Technology Corporation. We thank the two reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 52 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD JAN PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 92 EP 109 DI 10.1002/2013SW000996 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB1KU UT WOS:000331551300009 ER PT J AU Crosti, C Duthinh, D AF Crosti, Chiara Duthinh, Dat TI Instability of steel gusset plates in compression SO STRUCTURE AND INFRASTRUCTURE ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE buckling; FHWA guidance; finite-element analysis; gusset plates; I-35W; initial deformations AB As a result of the structural failure of the I-35W Bridge in Minneapolis in 2007, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued guidelines for the load rating of gusset plates and recommended that the capacity of these plates on non-redundant steel truss bridges be verified. The purpose of this study is to examine the buckling behaviour of steel gusset plates in greater detail, accounting for parameters that were not explicitly included in the guidelines, such as initial deformations of the gusset plate, stiffness of the framing members, load distribution from the framing members to the plate and load eccentricity. For this purpose, a finite-element model of a gusset plate was developed and verified against experimental measurements. Results show that, for in-plane compressive loads with no moment and no eccentricity, the FHWA guidelines for load rating are conservative and safe for initial out-of-plane deformations up to one plate thickness. C1 [Crosti, Chiara] Univ Rome, Struct & Geotech Engn Dept, I-00184 Rome, Italy. [Duthinh, Dat] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM crosti.chiara@gmail.com; dat.duthinh@nist.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1573-2479 EI 1744-8980 J9 STRUCT INFRASTRUCT E JI Struct. Infrastruct. Eng. PY 2014 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1038 EP 1048 DI 10.1080/15732479.2013.786102 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA AH8JO UT WOS:000336384300009 ER PT J AU Chiu, CH Vagi, SJ Wolkin, AF Martin, JP Noe, RS AF Chiu, Cindy H. Vagi, Sara J. Wolkin, Amy F. Martin, John Paul Noe, Rebecca S. TI Evaluation of the National Weather Service Extreme Cold Warning Experiment in North Dakota SO WEATHER CLIMATE AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Emergency preparedness; Field experiments; Planning; Societal impacts; Windchill AB Dangerously cold weather threatens life and property. During periods of extreme cold due to wind chill, the National Weather Service (NWS) issues wind chill warnings to prompt the public to take action to mitigate risks. Wind chill warnings are based on ambient temperatures and wind speeds. Since 2010, NWS has piloted a new extreme cold warning issued for cold temperatures in wind and nonwind conditions. The North Dakota Department of Health, NWS, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention collaborated in conducting household surveys in Burleigh County, North Dakota, to evaluate this new warning. The objectives of the evaluation were to assess whether residents heard the new warning and to determine if protective behaviors were prompted by the warning. This was a cross-sectional survey design using the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) methodology to select a statistically representative sample of households from Burleigh County. From 10 to 11 April 2012, 188 door-to-door household interviews were completed. The CASPER methodology uses probability sampling with weighted analysis to estimate the number and percentage of households with a specific response within Burleigh County. The majority of households reported having heard both the extreme cold and wind chill warnings, and both warnings prompted protective behaviors. These results suggest this community heard the new warning and took protective actions after hearing the warning. C1 [Chiu, Cindy H.; Vagi, Sara J.; Wolkin, Amy F.; Noe, Rebecca S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. [Martin, John Paul] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Weather Forecast Off, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Noe, RS (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rhn9@cdc.gov OI Chiu, Cindy H/0000-0003-2226-2776 FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1948-8327 EI 1948-8335 J9 WEATHER CLIM SOC JI Weather Clim. Soc. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 22 EP 31 DI 10.1175/WCAS-D-13-00023.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG8CJ UT WOS:000335646000003 PM 27239260 ER PT S AU Glasser, RT Clark, JB Glorieux, Q Vogl, U Lett, PD AF Glasser, Ryan T. Clark, Jeremy B. Glorieux, Quentin Vogl, Ulrich Lett, Paul D. BE Shahriar, SM Narducci, FA TI Quantum mutual information of an entangled state propagating through slow- and fast-light media SO ADVANCES IN SLOW AND FAST LIGHT VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Slow and Fast Light VII CY FEB 02-05, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP SPIE DE Four-wave mixing; entanglement; fast-light; quantum mutual information ID IMAGES; MEMORY AB Due to its vital role in many quantum information and communication protocols, much theoretical and experimental work has been conducted in order to investigate the fundamental properties of entanglement. In this work we describe an experimental investigation into the behavior of continuous-variable entanglement and quantum mutual information upon propagation through slow- and fast-light media. A four-wave mixing process in warm atomic vapor is used to generate an entangled two-mode squeezed vacuum state of light. One of the two modes of the resulting state is then sent through a second four-wave mixing process that is tuned to exhibit either slow- or fast-light properties. The cross-correlation and quantum mutual information shared between the resulting modes is quantified, and differences in their behavior after propagation through slow- and fast-light media are discussed. C1 [Glasser, Ryan T.; Clark, Jeremy B.; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glorieux, Quentin] Univ Paris 06, Lab Kastler Brossel, CNRS, UMR8552, F-75252 Paris, France. [Vogl, Ulrich] Max Planck Inst Sci Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Glasser, RT (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan.glasser@gmail.com RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014; Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797; Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 FU Physics Frontiers Centera t t h e J o i n t Q u a n t u m I n s t i t u t e; A i r F o r c e O ffi c e o f S c i e n t i fi c R e s e a r c h FX This research was supported by the Physics Frontiers Centera t t h e J o i n t Q u a n t u m I n s t i t u t e a n d t h e A i r F o r c e O ffi c e o f S c i e n t i fi c R e s e a r c h. Q G p e r f o r m e d t h i s w o r k w i t h t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e M a r i e C u r i e I O F F P 7 P r o g r a m - ( M u l t i m e m - 3 0 0 6 3 2), U V w i t h t h e s u p p o r t o f t h e A l e x a n d e r v o n H u m b o l d t F o u n d a t i o n, a n d R G w i t h t h e s u p p o r t o f a N a t i o n a l R e s e a r c h C o u n c i l R e s e a r c h A s s o c i a t e s h i p A w a r d a t N I S T NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9911-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 8998 AR UNSP 89980K DI 10.1117/12.2047545 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BA4KM UT WOS:000335905800004 ER PT J AU Muramoto, S Forbes, TP Staymates, ME Gillen, G AF Muramoto, Shin Forbes, Thomas P. Staymates, Matthew E. Gillen, Greg TI Visualizing mass transport in desorption electrospray ionization using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID SURFACES; EXPLOSIVES; MECHANISMS; PEPTIDES; SIMS AB Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to determine the effect of ambient probe incidence angle on the amount and direction of analyte molecules transported from the sample surface for desorption electrospray ionization (DESI). Incidence angle was critical to both the lateral dispersion and vertical take-off angles of analyte molecules desorbed from the surface; as the incidence angle was increased from 30 degrees to 45 degrees to 60 degrees (relative to the sample surface), the lateral dispersion angle decreased from 79 degrees to 71 degrees to 62 degrees, respectively, while the vertical take-off angle decreased dramatically from 12 degrees to 6 degrees to 4 degrees, respectively. As for the amount of material transported, the ToF-SIMS normalized secondary ion intensity of the molecular ion (peak counts per total spectrum counts) showed a significant decrease in the signal when the incidence angle was made steeper, decreasing from 8.1 x 10(-3) to 4.2 x 10(-3) to 7.5 x 10(-4), respectively. The ambient mass spectrometer interfaced with DESI also showed a similar analyte response, where the intensity of the molecular ion decreased from 1.6 x 10(7) counts to 3.3 x 10(6) counts to 5.4 x 10(5) counts, respectively. Overall, a steeper incidence angle was characterized by smaller amount of material desorption and tighter dispersion in both lateral and vertical directions. The study showed how ToF-SIMS can be used as a unique tool for characterizing the transport of desorbed analyte molecules in ambient ionization mass spectrometry, potentially offering new interface designs for optimal analyte collection. C1 [Muramoto, Shin; Forbes, Thomas P.; Staymates, Matthew E.; Gillen, Greg] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Muramoto, S (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shinichiro.muramoto@nist.gov RI Forbes, Thomas/M-3091-2014; Muramoto, Shin/I-6710-2016 OI Forbes, Thomas/0000-0002-7594-5514; Muramoto, Shin/0000-0003-3135-375X FU Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security [IAA HSHQDC-12-X00024]; NIST FX The Science and Technology Directorate of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security sponsored a portion of the production of this material under Interagency Agreement IAA HSHQDC-12-X-00024 with NIST. Research was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 EI 1364-5528 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2014 VL 139 IS 11 BP 2668 EP 2673 DI 10.1039/c4an00390j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AH2CS UT WOS:000335928900007 PM 24710465 ER PT J AU Riedel, TP Wolfe, GM Danas, KT Gilman, JB Kuster, WC Bon, DM Vlasenko, A Li, SM Williams, EJ Lerner, BM Veres, PR Roberts, JM Holloway, JS Lefer, B Brown, SS Thornton, JA AF Riedel, T. P. Wolfe, G. M. Danas, K. T. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. Bon, D. M. Vlasenko, A. Li, S. -M. Williams, E. J. Lerner, B. M. Veres, P. R. Roberts, J. M. Holloway, J. S. Lefer, B. Brown, S. S. Thornton, J. A. TI An MCM modeling study of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) impacts on oxidation, ozone production and nitrogen oxide partitioning in polluted continental outflow SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; REACTIVE UPTAKE; POLAR SUNRISE; AIR-QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC OXIDATION; N2O5 REACTIVITY; RADICAL BUDGET; SULFURIC-ACID AB Nitryl chloride (ClNO2) is produced at night by reactions of dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) on chloride containing surfaces. ClNO2 is photolyzed during the morning hours after sunrise to liberate highly reactive chlorine atoms (Cl center dot). This chemistry takes place primarily in polluted environments where the concentrations of N2O5 precursors (nitrogen oxide radicals and ozone) are high, though it likely occurs in remote regions at lower intensities. Recent field measurements have illustrated the potential importance of ClNO2 as a daytime Cl center dot source and a nighttime NOx reservoir. However, the fate of the Cl center dot and the overall impact of ClNO2 on regional photochemistry remain poorly constrained by measurements and models. To this end, we have incorporated ClNO2 production, photolysis, and subsequent Cl center dot reactions into an existing master chemical mechanism (MCM version 3.2) box model framework using observational constraints from the CalNex 2010 field study. Cl center dot reactions with a set of alkenes and alcohols, and the simplified multiphase chemistry of N2O5, ClNO2, HOCl, ClONO2, and Cl-2, none of which are currently part of the MCM, have been added to the mechanism. The presence of ClNO2 produces significant changes to oxidants, ozone, and nitrogen oxide partitioning, relative to model runs excluding ClNO2 formation. From a nighttime maximum of 1.5 ppbv ClNO2, the daytime maximum Cl center dot concentration reaches 1x10(5) atoms cm(-3) at 07:00 model time, reacting mostly with a large suite of volatile organic compounds (VOC) to produce 2.2 times more organic peroxy radicals in the morning than in the absence of ClNO2. In the presence of several ppbv of nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx = NO+NO2), these perturbations lead to similar enhancements in hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx = OH+HO2). Neglecting contributions from HONO, the total integrated daytime radical source is 17% larger when including ClNO2, which leads to a similar enhancement in integrated ozone production of 15 %. Detectable levels (tens of pptv) of chlorine containing organic compounds are predicted to form as a result of Cl center dot addition to alkenes, which may be useful in identifying times of active Cl center dot chemistry. C1 [Riedel, T. P.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Riedel, T. P.; Danas, K. T.; Thornton, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Wolfe, G. M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; Bon, D. M.; Williams, E. J.; Lerner, B. M.; Veres, P. R.; Roberts, J. M.; Holloway, J. S.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; Bon, D. M.; Williams, E. J.; Lerner, B. M.; Veres, P. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vlasenko, A.; Li, S. -M.] Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Lefer, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. RP Thornton, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM thornton@atmos.washington.edu RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Wolfe, Glenn/D-5289-2011; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Thornton, Joel/C-1142-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Thornton, Joel/0000-0002-5098-4867; FU National Science Foundation [NSF CAREER ATM-0846183]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA NESSF NNX10AN48H]; NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program FX This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF CAREER ATM-0846183 to J. A. Thornton). T. P. Riedel is grateful for an Earth System Science graduate fellowship from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA NESSF NNX10AN48H). G. M. Wolfe acknowledges support from a NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. This research was support in part by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. We also thank the crew of the R/V Atlantis and the Pasadena ground site science team for their tireless efforts and continual support throughout the CalNex study. NR 64 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 9 U2 60 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3789 EP 3800 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3789-2014 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH2AO UT WOS:000335923300001 ER PT J AU Miyagawa, K Petropavlovskikh, I Evans, RD Long, C Wild, J Manney, GL Daffer, WH AF Miyagawa, K. Petropavlovskikh, I. Evans, R. D. Long, C. Wild, J. Manney, G. L. Daffer, W. H. TI Long-term changes in the upper stratospheric ozone at Syowa, Antarctica SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; POLAR VORTEX; ANNULAR MODE; DYNAMICAL CONTRIBUTIONS; HEMISPHERIC WINTER; TEMPERATURE TRENDS; GREENHOUSE GASES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COLUMN OZONE AB Analyses of stratospheric ozone data determined from Dobson-Umkehr measurements since 1977 at the Syowa (69.0 degrees S, 39.6 degrees E), Antarctica, station show a significant decrease in ozone at altitudes higher than that of the 4 hPa pressure level during the 1980s and 1990s. Ozone values over Syowa have remained low since 2001. The time series of upper stratospheric ozone from the homogenized NOAA SBUV (Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Instrument)(/2) 8.6 overpass data (+/- 4 degrees, 24 h) are in qualitative agreement with those from the Syowa station data. Ozone recovery during the austral spring over the Syowa station appears to be slower than predicted by the equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC) curve. The long-term changes in the station's equivalent latitude (indicative of vortex size/position in winter and spring) are derived from MERRA (Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications) reanalyses at similar to 2 and similar to 50 hPa. These data are used to attribute some of the upper and middle stratospheric ozone changes to the changes in vortex position relative to the station's location. In addition, high correlation of the Southern Hemisphere annular mode (SAM) with polar upper stratospheric ozone during years of maximum solar activity points toward a strong relationship between the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation and the polar stratospheric ozone recovery. In the lower stratosphere, ozone recovery attributable to CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) is still not definitive, whereas the recovery of the upper stratosphere is slower than predicted. Further research indicates that dynamical and other chemical changes in the atmosphere are delaying detection of recovery over this station. C1 [Miyagawa, K.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Aerol Observ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Evans, R. D.] NOAA, OAR, ESRL Climate Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Long, C.; Wild, J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Wild, J.] Wyle ST&E, Houston, TX USA. [Manney, G. L.] NorthWest Res Associates, Socorro, NM USA. [Manney, G. L.] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Daffer, W. H.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Miyagawa, K (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Aerol Observ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. EM koji.miyagawa@gmail.com RI Evans, Robert/D-4731-2016 OI Evans, Robert/0000-0002-8693-9769 NR 113 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3945 EP 3968 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3945-2014 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH2AO UT WOS:000335923300012 ER PT J AU Houweling, S Krol, M Bergamaschi, P Frankenberg, C Dlugokencky, EJ Morino, I Notholt, J Sherlock, V Wunch, D Beck, V Gerbig, C Chen, H Kort, EA Rockmann, T Aben, I AF Houweling, S. Krol, M. Bergamaschi, P. Frankenberg, C. Dlugokencky, E. J. Morino, I. Notholt, J. Sherlock, V. Wunch, D. Beck, V. Gerbig, C. Chen, H. Kort, E. A. Rockmann, T. Aben, I. TI A multi-year methane inversion using SCIAMACHY, accounting for systematic errors using TCCON measurements SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID COLUMN OBSERVING NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC METHANE; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; DATA ASSIMILATION; TRANSPORT MODEL; EMISSIONS; CH4; GOSAT AB This study investigates the use of total column CH4 (XCH4) retrievals from the SCIAMACHY satellite instrument for quantifying large-scale emissions of methane. A unique data set from SCIAMACHY is available spanning almost a decade of measurements, covering a period when the global CH4 growth rate showed a marked transition from stable to increasing mixing ratios. The TM5 4DVAR inverse modelling system has been used to infer CH4 emissions from a combination of satellite and surface measurements for the period 2003-2010. In contrast to earlier inverse modelling studies, the SCIAMACHY retrievals have been corrected for systematic errors using the TCCON network of ground-based Fourier transform spectrometers. The aim is to further investigate the role of bias correction of satellite data in inversions. Methods for bias correction are discussed, and the sensitivity of the optimized emissions to alternative bias correction functions is quantified. It is found that the use of SCIAMACHY retrievals in TM5 4DVAR increases the estimated inter-annual variability of large-scale fluxes by 22% compared with the use of only surface observations. The difference in global methane emissions between 2-year periods before and after July 2006 is estimated at 27-35 Tg yr(-1). The use of SCIAMACHY retrievals causes a shift in the emissions from the extra-tropics to the tropics of 50 +/- 25 Tg yr(-1). The large uncertainty in this value arises from the uncertainty in the bias correction functions. Using measurements from the HIPPO and BARCA aircraft campaigns, we show that systematic errors in the SCIAMACHY measurements are a main factor limiting the performance of the inversions. To further constrain tropical emissions of methane using current and future satellite missions, extended validation capabilities in the tropics are of critical importance. C1 [Houweling, S.; Krol, M.; Aben, I.] SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, S.; Krol, M.; Rockmann, T.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Krol, M.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual MAQ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Bergamaschi, P.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, VA, Italy. [Frankenberg, C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Dlugokencky, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Morino, I.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Notholt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Sherlock, V.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res NIWA, Wellington, New Zealand. [Wunch, D.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Beck, V.; Gerbig, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Chen, H.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res CIO, NL-9700 AB Groningen, Netherlands. [Chen, H.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kort, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Houweling, S (reprint author), SRON Netherlands Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM s.houweling@sron.nl RI Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Rockmann, Thomas/F-4479-2015; Frankenberg, Christian/A-2944-2013; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016 OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Rockmann, Thomas/0000-0002-6688-8968; Frankenberg, Christian/0000-0002-0546-5857; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X FU EU; SURFsara FX We would like to thank the TTCON PIs for making their measurements available, notably P. Wennberg (CalTech, USA), D. Griffith (Uni. Wollongong, Australia), R. Sussman (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany) and T. Warnecke (Uni. Bremen, Germany). We thank Remco Scheepmaker (SRON, the Netherlands) for his support making SCIAMACHY data available. We thank Guiseppe Etiope (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Italy) for support and the use of the GLOGOS database, and R. Spahni (University of Bern) for providing recent years of LPJ output. This work was supported by the EU FP7 project GeoCarbon. Computer calculations were performed using the Huygens super computer of the Dutch high-performance computing centre SARA, and we thank SURFsara for support (www.surfsara.nl). NR 73 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 8 BP 3991 EP 4012 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3991-2014 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH2AO UT WOS:000335923300015 ER PT J AU Thompson, RL Patra, PK Ishijima, K Saikawa, E Corazza, M Karstens, U Wilson, C Bergamaschi, P Dlugokencky, E Sweeney, C Prinn, RG Weiss, RF O'Doherty, S Fraser, PJ Steele, LP Krummel, PB Saunois, M Chipperfield, M Bousquet, P AF Thompson, R. L. Patra, P. K. Ishijima, K. Saikawa, E. Corazza, M. Karstens, U. Wilson, C. Bergamaschi, P. Dlugokencky, E. Sweeney, C. Prinn, R. G. Weiss, R. F. O'Doherty, S. Fraser, P. J. Steele, L. P. Krummel, P. B. Saunois, M. Chipperfield, M. Bousquet, P. TI TransCom N2O model inter-comparison - Part 1: Assessing the influence of transport and surface fluxes on tropospheric N2O variability SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NITROUS-OXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; SEASONAL CYCLES; CARBON-DIOXIDE; STRATOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; EXCHANGE; LIFETIMES; OZONE; AIR AB We present a comparison of chemistry-transport models (TransCom-N2O) to examine the importance of atmospheric transport and surface fluxes on the variability of N2O mixing ratios in the troposphere. Six different models and two model variants participated in the inter-comparison and simulations were made for the period 2006 to 2009. In addition to N2O, simulations of CFC-12 and SF6 were made by a subset of four of the models to provide information on the models' proficiency in stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) and meridional transport, respectively. The same prior emissions were used by all models to restrict differences among models to transport and chemistry alone. Four different N2O flux scenarios totalling between 14 and 17 TgN yr(-1) (for 2005) globally were also compared. The modelled N2O mixing ratios were assessed against observations from in situ stations, discrete air sampling networks and aircraft. All models adequately captured the large-scale patterns of N2O and the vertical gradient from the troposphere to the stratosphere and most models also adequately captured the N2O tropospheric growth rate. However, all models underestimated the inter-hemispheric N2O gradient by at least 0.33 parts per billion (ppb), equivalent to 1.5 TgN, which, even after accounting for an overestimate of emissions in the Southern Ocean of circa 1.0 TgN, points to a likely underestimate of the Northern Hemisphere source by up to 0.5 TgN and/or an overestimate of STE in the Northern Hemisphere. Comparison with aircraft data reveal that the models over-estimate the amplitude of the N2O seasonal cycle at Hawaii (21 degrees N, 158 degrees W) below circa 6000 m, suggesting an overestimate of the importance of stratosphere to troposphere transport in the lower troposphere at this latitude. In the Northern Hemisphere, most of the models that provided CFC-12 simulations captured the phase of the CFC-12, seasonal cycle, indicating a reasonable representation of the timing of STE. However, for N2O all models simulated a too early minimum by 2 to 3 months owing to errors in the seasonal cycle in the prior soil emissions, which was not adequately represented by the terrestrial biosphere model. In the Southern Hemisphere, most models failed to capture the N2O and CFC-12 seasonality at Cape Grim, Tasmania, and all failed at the South Pole, whereas for SF6, all models could capture the seasonality at all sites, suggesting that there are large errors in modelled vertical transport in high southern latitudes. C1 [Thompson, R. L.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Thompson, R. L.; Saunois, M.; Bousquet, P.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Patra, P. K.; Ishijima, K.] JAMSTEC, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Saikawa, E.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Saikawa, E.] Emory Univ, Dept Environm Studies, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Corazza, M.; Bergamaschi, P.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Karstens, U.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Wilson, C.; Chipperfield, M.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Wilson, C.; Dlugokencky, E.; Sweeney, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Atmospher Chem Res Grp, Bristol, Avon, England. [Fraser, P. J.; Steele, L. P.; Krummel, P. B.] CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. RP Thompson, RL (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. EM rona.thompson@nilu.no RI Corazza, Matteo/B-6085-2012; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Karstens, Ute/P-7075-2014 OI Saikawa, Eri/0000-0003-3166-8620; Thompson, Rona/0000-0001-9485-7176; Corazza, Matteo/0000-0003-3610-1666; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Karstens, Ute/0000-0002-8985-7742 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 22 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 8 BP 4349 EP 4368 DI 10.5194/acp-14-4349-2014 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH2AO UT WOS:000335923300035 ER PT B AU Ruckelshaus, MH Kareiva, PM Crowder, LB AF Ruckelshaus, Mary H. Kareiva, Peter M. Crowder, Larry B. BE Bertness, MD Bruno, JF Silliman, BR Stachowicz, JJ TI The Future of Marine Conservation and Management SO MARINE COMMUNITY ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PROTECTED AREAS; FOOD WEBS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; FISHERIES COLLAPSE; COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS; GLOBAL FISHERIES C1 [Ruckelshaus, Mary H.] Stanford Univ, Puget Sound Partnership, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ruckelshaus, Mary H.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Ruckelshaus, MH (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Puget Sound Partnership, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 193 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 16 PU SINAUER ASSOC PI SUNDERLAND PA SINAUER ASSOC, SUNDERLAND, MA 01375 USA BN 978-1-60535-228-2 PY 2014 BP 517 EP 543 PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BA2IK UT WOS:000333431100023 ER PT J AU Bell, RJ Fogarty, MJ Collie, JS AF Bell, Richard J. Fogarty, Michael J. Collie, Jeremy S. TI Stability in marine fish communities SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Marine fish communities; Stability; Trawl-survey data; State space models; Gompertz model ID COMPENSATORY DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM STABILITY; BIODIVERSITY LOSS; NORTH-SEA; CLIMATE; FOOD; ABUNDANCE; RESPONSES; IMPACTS; REDUNDANCY AB Fisheries-independent surveys sample major portions of marine systems and can be considered proxies for many important ecosystem components. A striking feature of many independent trawl-survey datasets is the relative stability of total biomass over several decades, despite overfishing of several commercial species and marked changes in the relative abundance of different species. This relative stability suggests a pattern of species replacements related to compensatory dynamics in the total production of fish biomass. In contrast, sustained declines in overall biomass are evident in other ecosystems. We used trawl-survey data to analyze the mechanisms that regulate stability across 19 marine ecosystems around the world. A linearized, multispecies Gompertz model within a state space framework was fitted to the survey data to quantify interactions among diet-based functional groups and external drivers. The total biomass in 7 of the 19 systems lacked uni- or multidirectional trends and was stationary. The stable ecosystems were associated with lower levels of aggregate community fishing pressure enabling differential rates of growth, immigration and emigration among the different populations to be the important factors regulating community dynamics. Higher levels of fishing pressure tended to synchronize the community response to the external driver resulting in large changes in total biomass. Evidence for interactions among functional groups was relatively weak; however, density dependence at the functional group level suggested within-group compensation as an important stabilizing mechanism. C1 [Bell, Richard J.; Collie, Jeremy S.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Bell, RJ (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM rich.bell@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the countless individuals and institutions who spent years collecting and processing the fisheries-independent data and environmental data (Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans; University of Rhode Island, USA; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, UK; National Marine Fisheries Service, USA; Alaskan Department of Fish and Game, USA; National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, New Zealand; Marine and Coastal Management, South Africa). We gratefully acknowledge D. Ricard, T. Branch, C. Minto, B. Smith, S. Gaichas, K. Aydin, M. Baker, M. Dunn, M. Palomares, E. Holmes, E. Ward and R. Leslie. This work was supported by the Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program through the National Marine Fisheries Service. Three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. NR 69 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 32 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 504 BP 221 EP 239 DI 10.3354/meps10730 PG 19 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AH2PJ UT WOS:000335963100017 ER PT J AU Brasso, RL Lang, J Jones, CD Polito, MJ AF Brasso, Rebecka L. Lang, Jennifer Jones, Christopher D. Polito, Michael J. TI Ontogenetic niche expansion influences mercury exposure in the Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Mercury; Ontogenetic shift; Trophic position; Stable isotope analysis; Foraging niche; Antarctic silverfish ID STABLE-ISOTOPE RATIOS; MARINE FOOD-WEB; BODY-SIZE; TROPHIC STRUCTURE; ROSS SEA; FISH; PREY; DIET; BIOACCUMULATION; GROWTH AB The effects of body size and age class on mercury concentrations were examined in the Antarctic silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum, an ecologically important prey species in the Antarctic marine food web. Stable isotope analysis was used to investigate variation in mercury concentrations related to ontogenetic changes in diet and/or foraging habitat. Specimens of P. antarcticum were collected along the Ross Sea shelf in February 2008 and mercury concentrations in homogenized whole fish and muscle tissue were analyzed relative to standard length, age class (juvenile vs. adult) and isotopic measures of diet (delta N-15) and foraging habitat (delta C-13). While mercury concentration in muscle tended to be higher than whole-fish values, concentrations in these 2 matrices were highly correlated. A positive relationship was found between standard length and mercury concentration; further, adult P. antarcticum had significantly higher mercury concentrations than juveniles. Adult mercury concentrations were also more variable: the coefficient of variation in adult muscle (58.3%) was more than twice that found in juveniles (25.0%). Though no linear relationships were detected between standard length and delta N-15 or delta C-13 values when all individuals were combined, juvenile and adult size classes of fish differed in their isotopic niche position and width. In addition, delta C-13 values explained the greatest amount of variation in whole-fish mercury across all age classes and for adult fish alone. By expanding both the horizontal and vertical components of their foraging habitat, adult P. antarcticum may have a wider range of exposure to mercury compared with juvenile fish. C1 [Brasso, Rebecka L.; Lang, Jennifer] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Jones, Christopher D.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Polito, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brasso, RL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 South Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM rlb1196@uncw.edu RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012 OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431 FU United States National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs grant [ANT 0739575] FX Funding for this research was provided by a United States National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs grant (ANT 0739575) to S. Emslie, M.J.P., and W. Patterson. For logistical support, we thank the New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Re search, US Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, Raytheon Polar Services and the crew and scientific staff of the R/V 'Tangaroa'. K. Durenberger and C. Lane provided helpful assistance with sample preparation and stable isotope analysis. We also thank members of J.L.'s honors committee, S. Emslie, S. Skrabal, and M. Van Tuinen for providing helpful suggestions and support throughout. NR 46 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 504 BP 253 EP 263 DI 10.3354/meps10738 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AH2PJ UT WOS:000335963100019 ER PT J AU Harvey, BG Meylemans, HA Gough, RV Quintana, RL Garrison, MD Bruno, TJ AF Harvey, Benjamin G. Meylemans, Heather A. Gough, Raina V. Quintana, Roxanne L. Garrison, Michael D. Bruno, Thomas J. TI High-density biosynthetic fuels: the intersection of heterogeneous catalysis and metabolic engineering SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REARRANGEMENT PRODUCT; MICROBIAL-PRODUCTION; GERMACRENE-D; AB-INITIO; CARYOPHYLLENE; CONVERSION; BIODIESEL; BIOFUELS; SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE AB Biosynthetic valencene, premnaspirodiene, and natural caryophyllene were hydrogenated and evaluated as high performance fuels. The parent sesquiterpenes were then isomerized to complex mixtures of hydrocarbons with the heterogeneous acid catalyst Nafion SAC-13. High density fuels with net heats of combustion ranging from 133-141000 Btu gal(-1), or up to 13% higher than commercial jet fuel could be generated by this approach. The products of caryophyllene isomerization were primarily tricyclic hydrocarbons which after hydrogenation increased the fuel density by 6%. The isomerization of valencene and premnaspirodiene also generated a variety of sesquiterpenes, but in both cases the dominant product was delta-selinene. Ab initio calculations were conducted to determine the total electronic energies for the reactants and products. In all cases the results were in excellent agreement with the experimental distribution of isomers. The cetane numbers for the sesquiterpane fuels ranged from 20-32 and were highly dependent on the isomer distribution. Specific distillation cuts may have the potential to act as high density diesel fuels, while use of these hydrocarbons as additives to jet fuel will increase the range and/or time of flight of aircraft. In addition to the ability to generate high performance renewable fuels, the powerful combination of metabolic engineering and heterogeneous catalysis will allow for the preparation of a variety of sesquiterpenes with potential for pharmaceutical, flavor, and fragrance applications. C1 [Harvey, Benjamin G.; Meylemans, Heather A.; Quintana, Roxanne L.; Garrison, Michael D.] US Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD, Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. [Gough, Raina V.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Harvey, BG (reprint author), US Navy, Naval Air Warfare Ctr, Weap Div NAWCWD, Res Dept,Chem Div, China Lake, CA 93555 USA. EM benjamin.g.harvey@navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to thank the Office of Naval Research for partial support of this work. We would also like to thank Allylix Inc. for its generous donation of biosynthetic valencene and premnaspirodiene. NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 30 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 20 BP 9448 EP 9457 DI 10.1039/c3cp55349c PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AH0OC UT WOS:000335818600028 PM 24724156 ER PT J AU Wang, DL Hore, MJA Ye, XC Zheng, C Murray, CB Composto, RJ AF Wang, Dongliang Hore, Michael J. A. Ye, Xingchen Zheng, Chen Murray, Christopher B. Composto, Russell J. TI Gold nanorod length controls dispersion, local ordering, and optical absorption in polymer nanocomposite films SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID AU NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; GROWTH; SIZE; BIOMEDICINE; ASSEMBLIES; SHAPE AB The dispersion, local orientation and optical absorption of polystyrene (PS, degree of polymerization P) nanocomposites containing PS-grafted gold nanorods (Au NRs, PS degree of polymerization N), with aspect ratios (v = length/diameter) ranging from 2.5 to 6.3, are studied using quantitative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical spectroscopy. The experimentally observed nanorod assemblies and optical absorptions are compared with predictions from self-consistent field theory (SCFT) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) calculations, respectively. A pair correlation function for Au NRs is calculated from SEM images, and contains no correlation peaks for P/N = 0.9, indicating nanorods are dispersed within the nanocomposite. Large correlation peaks are observed for P/N = 7.6, representative of interparticle separation distances within nanorod aggregates, which do not vary with v. On the basis of SCFT calculations, aggregation is attributed to significant depletion-attraction forces in the composite for P/N > 1. When Au NRs disperse, the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak red shifts from the visible into the near-IR as v increases. No shift in the dispersed LSPR position is observed for v = 2.5 and 3.3 upon aggregation because the ratio of the interparticle distance to the nanorod length is too large for surface plasmon coupling. However, for v = 6.3, significant coupling between surface plasmons leads to a blue shift of the LSPR by approximately 140 nm, in agreement with FDTD calculations. C1 [Wang, Dongliang; Zheng, Chen; Murray, Christopher B.; Composto, Russell J.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wang, Dongliang; Zheng, Chen; Murray, Christopher B.; Composto, Russell J.] Univ Penn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hore, Michael J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ye, Xingchen; Murray, Christopher B.] Univ Penn, Dept Chem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Composto, RJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM composto@seas.upenn.edu RI Hore, Michael/F-7534-2012; Ye, Xingchen/D-3202-2017 OI Hore, Michael/0000-0003-2571-2111; Ye, Xingchen/0000-0001-6851-2721 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR09-07493]; CEMRI [DMR11-20901]; Office of Naval Research (ONR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) on Optical Metamaterials [N00014-10-10942]; National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral associateship at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR); NSF/NSEC [DMR08-32802] FX This work received support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Polymer (DMR09-07493) (DW, RJC) and CEMRI (DMR11-20901) (DW, RJC, CBM) programs. X.Y., C.Z. and C.B.M. acknowledge the support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) on Optical Metamaterials through award N00014-10-10942. Facility support for AFM was provided by NSF/NSEC (DMR08-32802). RJC would like to extend a special thank you to the Division of Materials Research at the NSF for a Special Creativity Award to support nanocomposite research. MJAH acknowledges support from a National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral associateship at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). The identification of commercial products or experimental methods does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. The authors thank A. L. Frischknecht (Sandia) for helpful discussions regarding theory of nanorod interactions. NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 85 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 19 BP 3404 EP 3413 DI 10.1039/c3sm52514g PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AH2BW UT WOS:000335926700006 PM 24643463 ER PT J AU Zhang, XH Yager, KG Douglas, JF Karim, A AF Zhang, Xiaohua Yager, Kevin G. Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir TI Suppression of target patterns in domain aligned cold-zone annealed block copolymer films with immobilized film-spanning nanoparticles SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; ORDER; TEMPERATURE; BLENDS; AGGREGATION; CONFINEMENT; ALIGNMENT; POLYMERS; DISORDER AB We examine the effect of a moving in-plane temperature gradient on the ordering of cylinder- forming block-copolymers (BCP) in films containing immobilized nanoparticles that span the film thickness. In a previous paper, we reported the effect of static step oven-annealing of these films above the glass transition temperature T-g for a long period before ordering the BCP film at a much higher temperature. In the dynamic film annealing method of the present work, termed cold zone annealing (CZA), the material is continuously raised to a temperature somewhat above the glass transition temperature and then well above it, with a control of the heating time and thermal gradient. Oven annealing before ordering has been found to relieve residual stresses in the film associated with large thermal expansion of the film upon heating, eliminating the large scale target patterns induced by stresses effects associated with residual solvent and thermal expansion. By comparison, CZA naturally suppresses undesirable target patterning with enhanced ordering kinetics created through this thermal history. C1 [Zhang, Xiaohua] Soochow Univ, Ctr Soft Condensed Matter Phys & Interdisciplinar, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China. [Yager, Kevin G.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Zhang, XH (reprint author), Soochow Univ, Ctr Soft Condensed Matter Phys & Interdisciplinar, Suzhou 215006, Peoples R China. EM zhangxiaohua@suda.edu.cn; alamgir@uakron.edu RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB821505]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [91027040, 21274103, 21104054]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research [NSF DMR-1006421] FX The authors acknowledge financial support of National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (no. 2012CB821505), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 91027040, no. 21274103, and no. 21104054). The Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This CZA work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research, Grant NSF DMR-1006421. We also wish to thank Brian Berry for help with the CZA measurements. NR 40 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 20 BP 3656 EP 3666 DI 10.1039/c4sm00238e PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AH2CD UT WOS:000335927400014 PM 24676041 ER PT J AU Huang, Y Chen, S Cao, Q Hong, Y Wu, BW Huang, MY Qiao, L Zhang, ZX Li, Z Li, WY Yang, XQ AF Huang, Yong Chen, Sheng Cao, Qing Hong, Yang Wu, Biwen Huang, Mengyu Qiao, Lei Zhang, Zengxin Li, Zhe Li, Weiyue Yang, Xiuqin TI Evaluation of Version-7 TRMM Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis Product during the Beijing Extreme Heavy Rainfall Event of 21 July 2012 SO WATER LA English DT Article DE rainfall; satellite; evaluation ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; TYPHOON MORAKOT; UNITED-STATES; RADAR; RESOLUTION; TAIWAN; VALIDATION; SYSTEM; STORM AB The latest Version-7 (V7) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) products were released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in December of 2012. Their performance on different climatology, locations, and precipitation types is of great interest to the satellite-based precipitation community. This paper presents a study of TMPA precipitation products (3B42RT and 3B42V7) for an extreme precipitation event in Beijing and its adjacent regions (from 00: 00 UTC 21 July 2012 to 00: 00 UTC 22 July 2012). Measurements from a dense rain gauge network were used as the ground truth to evaluate the latest TMPA products. Results are summarized as follows. Compared to rain gauge measurements, both 3B42RT and 3B42V7 generally captured the rainfall spatial and temporal pattern, having a moderate spatial correlation coefficient (CC, 0.6) and high CC values (0.88) over the broader Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin (HBT) regions, but the rainfall peak is 6 h ahead of gauge observations. Overall, 3B42RT showed higher estimation than 3B42V7 over both HBT and Beijing. At the storm center, both 3B42RT and 3B42V7 presented a relatively large deviation from the temporal variation of rainfall and underestimated the storm by 29.02% and 36.07%, respectively. The current study suggests that the latest TMPA products still have limitations in terms of resolution and accuracy, especially for this type of extreme event within a latitude area on the edge of coverage of TRMM precipitation radar and microwave imager. Therefore, TMPA users should be cautious when 3B42RT and 3B42V7 are used to model, monitor, and forecast both flooding hazards in the Beijing urban area and landslides in the mountainous west and north of Beijing. C1 [Huang, Yong; Wu, Biwen; Qiao, Lei] Anhui Meteorol Inst, Anhui Prov Key Lab Atmospher Sci & Satellite Remo, Hefei 230061, Peoples R China. [Chen, Sheng; Cao, Qing; Hong, Yang; Qiao, Lei] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Cao, Qing] Enterprise Elect Corp, Enterprise, AL 36330 USA. [Huang, Mengyu] Beijing Weather Modificat Off, Beijing 100089, Peoples R China. [Qiao, Lei] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Nat Resource Ecol & Management, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Zhang, Zengxin] Nanjing Forestry Univ, Jiangsu Key Lab Forestry Ecol Engn, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Zhe] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Li, Weiyue] Tongji Univ, Coll Surveying & Geoinformat, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China. [Yang, Xiuqin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Hydrometeorol, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Chen, S (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM hy121_2000@126.com; chenshengou@ou.edu; qing.cao@eecradar.com; yanghong@ou.edu; wbwen@sina.com; hmy@pku.edu.cn; Leiqiao1981@gmail.com; njzhangz@gmail.com; lizhe.tu@gmail.com; lwy326@gmail.com; young_sd@nuist.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41105098, 41275030, 40905019]; R & D Special Foundation for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) of China [GYHY201306040]; NOAA FX Thanks are given to Daniel S. Berkowitz of National Weather Service for their careful proofreading this paper. We are very grateful to the scientists in the NASA science team, who are responsible for the development of TMPA algorithm and for providing the history MTSAT-2 satellite brightness temperature images and helpful advice to conduct this study. This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 41105098, 41275030, 40905019 and the R & D Special Foundation for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) of China under Grant No. GYHY201306040 as well as by NOAA Multi-function Phased-Array Radar Project administrated by Atmospheric Radar Research Center at the University of Oklahoma. NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 29 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 2073-4441 J9 WATER-SUI JI Water PD JAN PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 32 EP 44 DI 10.3390/w6010032 PG 13 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AH4JO UT WOS:000336093400003 ER PT J AU Ressler, PH De Robertis, A Kotwicki, S AF Ressler, Patrick H. De Robertis, Alex Kotwicki, Stan TI The spatial distribution of euphausiids and walleye pollock in the eastern Bering Sea does not imply top-down control by predation SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Bering Sea; Walleye pollock; Theragra chalcogramma; Euphausiids; Thysanoessa; Gadus chalcogrammus; Acoustics; Top-down; Bottom-up; GAM ID OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; BARENTS SEA; EGG-PRODUCTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SHELF; ZOOPLANKTON; GROWTH; MODEL AB Although euphausiids of the genus Thysanoessa ('krill') are a key zooplankton taxon in the Bering Sea ecosystem, the processes controlling variation in the standing stock of these animals are not well understood. Both forcing by temperature ('bottom-up') and predation ('topdown') have been proposed. If strong top-down forcing were present, a negative relationship would be expected between the standing stock of euphausiids and that of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus, their single most important predator in the Bering Sea. We developed multiple regression models using survey data collected over several years to test the hypothesis of a negative relationship between local (mesoscale) densities of these animals. We used the models to evaluate the relative importance of pollock biomass and water temperature in predicting euphausiid biomass, and found that temperature was a far better predictor, a result that is not consistent with dominant top-down control of euphausiids by pollock predation. C1 [Ressler, Patrick H.; De Robertis, Alex; Kotwicki, Stan] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ressler, PH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patrick.ressler@noaa.gov FU Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); North Pacific Research Board (NRPB) as part of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project; NSF as part of the Bering Sea Synthesis [1107250] FX This work was supported by the Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the North Pacific Research Board (NRPB) as part of the BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project, and NSF as part of the Bering Sea Synthesis (NSF Grant Number 1107250). Technical editing by G. Duker and comments by G. Hunt, M. Baker, K. Simonsen, F. Morado, and 3 anonymous reviewers helped improve this manuscript. This is NPRB publication no. 475 and BEST-BSIERP Bering Sea Project publication no. 132. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service; reference to trade names does not imply endorsement. NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 503 BP 111 EP 122 DI 10.3354/meps10736 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG7EU UT WOS:000335581700008 ER PT J AU Fisher, JL Peterson, WT Morgan, SG AF Fisher, Jennifer L. Peterson, William T. Morgan, Steven G. TI Does larval advection explain latitudinal differences in recruitment across upwelling regimes? SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Upwelling; Recruitment limitation; Larval supply; Advection; Larval behavior ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA SHELF; INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; MARINE POPULATIONS; CRAB POPULATIONS; CENTRAL OREGON; WEST-COAST; SURF ZONE; TRANSPORT; RETENTION; DISPERSAL AB Larval supply determines year-class strength of fisheries and complex ecological interactions among adults of benthic marine species. In upwelling regions, a latitudinal cline in the intensity and persistence of upwelling is thought to affect larval advection and recruitment, thereby regulating the intensity of interactions in adult populations and communities. We tested this hypothesis by determining the monthly cross-shelf abundances of nearshore benthic crustacean larvae throughout development during the peak upwelling season for 7 years in a region of intermittent upwelling and high recruitment (45 degrees N). We tested whether larvae were found farther offshore during upwelling conditions, and we compared their interspecific cross-shelf distributions to previous results from a region of strong, persistent upwelling (38 degrees N). We also compared larval abundances across the 2 upwelling regions for 1 year. Most species were retained nearshore, regardless of intra-and inter-annual variations in the intensity of upwelling. In both upwelling regions, larvae of each species consistently occurred at different distances from the shore. Further, there were no differences in nearshore larval abundance across upwelling regions for all but 1 larval stage of 1 species. Thus, latitudinal variations in the intensity and persistence of upwelling do not appear to affect larval survival, providing further evidence that nearshore processes may be a primary determinant of larval delivery to the rocky intertidal across these regions. C1 [Fisher, Jennifer L.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Morgan, Steven G.] Univ Calif Davis, Bodega Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. [Morgan, Steven G.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. RP Fisher, JL (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM jennifer.fisher@oregonstate.edu FU Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (GLOBEC); NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service Stock Assessment Improvement Plan; Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) [NA09NMF 4720182]; NOAA-Fisheries and the Environment (FATE); Oregon Sea Grant [R/HBT-15]; California Sea Grant [R/FISH-2018]; National Science Foundation (Biological Oceanography awards [OCE-0326110, OCE-092735] FX We thank L. Feinberg, T. Shaw, J. Menkel, J. Peterson, J. Keister, S. Miller, M. Robart, M. Sheridan, M. Loosekoot, W. White, and D. Dann for assistance in the field. We thank an anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions with data analysis. This research was funded by the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (GLOBEC), NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service Stock Assessment Improvement Plan, Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO; NA09NMF 4720182), NOAA-Fisheries and the Environment (FATE), Oregon Sea Grant (R/HBT-15), California Sea Grant (R/FISH-2018) and the National Science Foundation (Biological Oceanography awards OCE-0326110 and OCE-092735). This is a contribution of GLOBEC, the Hatfield Marine Science Center and the Bodega Marine Laboratory. NR 60 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 34 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 503 BP 123 EP 137 DI 10.3354/meps10732 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG7EU UT WOS:000335581700009 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN Zimmermann, M Prescott, MM Hermann, AJ AF Rooper, Christopher N. Zimmermann, Mark Prescott, Megan M. Hermann, Albert J. TI Predictive models of coral and sponge distribution, abundance and diversity in bottom trawl surveys of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Distribution modelling; General additive models; Deep-sea coral; Deap-sea sponge; Habitat; Spatial management; Alaska ID SPECIES ASSOCIATIONS; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; BERING-SEA; DEEP-SEA; HEXACTINELLID SPONGE; CONTINENTAL MARGINS; SUITABLE HABITAT; ADDITIVE-MODELS; WATER CORALS; PATTERNS AB Ecosystem management requires information to determine and mitigate adverse impacts of fishing on all ecosystem components. Deep-sea coral and sponge ecosystems often co-occur with fishing activities, and there is considerable research documenting the vulnerability and slow recovery of deep-sea coral and sponge communities to damage. The objective of the present analysis was to construct models that could predict the distribution, abundance and diversity of deep sea corals and sponges in the Aleutian Islands. Generalized additive models were constructed based on bottom trawl survey data collected from 1991 to 2011 and tested on data from 2012. The results showed that deep-sea coral and sponge distributions were strongly influenced by the maximum tidal currents at bottom trawl locations, possibly indicative of reduced sedimentation or increased food-delivery processes near the seafloor in areas of moderate to high current. Depth and location were also important factors affecting the distribution of deep-sea sponges and corals. The analysis resulted in acceptable models of presence or absence for all taxonomic groups and similar fits when models were applied to test data. The best-fitting models of abundance explained between 20 and 25% of the deviance in the abundance data. Current management protects similar to 50% of the coral and sponge habitat in the Aleutian Islands at depths to 500 m. The models constructed here will allow managers to evaluate ecological versus economic benefits between protecting coral and sponge habitat and allowing commercial fishing by examining the effect of spatial closures on the amount of coral and sponge habitat that is protected. C1 [Rooper, Christopher N.; Zimmermann, Mark] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Prescott, Megan M.] Ocean Associates Inc, Arlington, VA 22207 USA. [Hermann, Albert J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, RACE Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.rooper@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 503 BP 157 EP 176 DI 10.3354/meps10710 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG7EU UT WOS:000335581700011 ER PT J AU Ferriss, BE Trudel, M Beckman, BR AF Ferriss, Bridget E. Trudel, Marc Beckman, Brian R. TI Regional and inter-annual trends in marine growth of juvenile salmon in coastal pelagic ecosystems of British Columbia, Canada SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus; IGF1; Spatial; Scale; Ecosystem assessment; Hormone ID STOCK-SPECIFIC MIGRATIONS; NORTHEAST PACIFIC SALMON; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; WIRE TAG RECOVERIES; FACTOR 1 IGF1; COHO SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; WEST-COAST; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; BOTTOM-UP AB We measured insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) concentrations (a proxy for growth) from juvenile coho Oncorhynchus kisutch, sockeye O. nerka, chum O. keta, and Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha collected in 8 regions of British Columbian coastal waters, in June of 2009, 2010, and 2011. We found annual differences in IGF1 for all 4 species, as well as species-specific regional differences in IGF1 concentrations in coho, chum, and sockeye salmon. Sockeye and chum salmon had consistently higher levels in the northern regions of the Dixon Entrance, Haida Gwaii, Hecate Strait, and lower levels in Queen Charlotte Strait. Regional differences in coho, chum, and sockeye salmon were highly correlated (R-2 = 0.61-0.75). These results demonstrate that salmon growth responds to local environmental variability on a scale of several hundred kilometers. Thus, IGF1 measures should generate insight into fish production on relatively local regional and temporal scales, and these same measures may allow the assessment of how habitats vary on these same scales. C1 [Ferriss, Bridget E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Trudel, Marc] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Trudel, Marc] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Vancouver, BC V8W 3N5, Canada. [Beckman, Brian R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Beckman, BR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brian.beckman@noaa.gov RI Trudel, Marc/H-1955-2012 FU Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Bonneville Power Administration; Pacific Salmon Commission through a Southern Fund endowment FX We thank D. Harstad, T. Zubkowski, Y.(J.) Jung, M. Thiess, J. Morris, S. Tucker, and the captains and crew of the FV `Viking Storm' for collecting juvenile salmon and blood samples and L. Rohrbach and S. Nance for processing plasma samples and running laboratory assays. Financial support for this work was provided by Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Bonneville Power Administration to M. T., NOAA Fisheries to B. R. B., the Pacific Salmon Commission through a Southern Fund endowment grant to B. R. B. and M. T., and through a grant from the FATE program of NOAA Fisheries to B. R. B. References to trade names do not imply endorsement by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 503 BP 247 EP 261 DI 10.3354/meps10726 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AG7EU UT WOS:000335581700017 ER PT J AU Ciesielski, PN Resch, MG Hewetson, B Killgore, JP Curtin, A Anderson, N Chiaramonti, AN Hurley, DC Sanders, A Himmel, ME Chapple, C Mosier, N Donohoe, BS AF Ciesielski, Peter N. Resch, Michael G. Hewetson, Barron Killgore, Jason P. Curtin, Alexandra Anderson, Nick Chiaramonti, Ann N. Hurley, Donna C. Sanders, Aric Himmel, Michael E. Chapple, Clint Mosier, Nathan Donohoe, Bryon S. TI Engineering plant cell walls: tuning lignin monomer composition for deconstructable biofuel feedstocks or resilient biomaterials SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA; FERULATE 5-HYDROXYLASE; BIOMASS RECALCITRANCE; HYBRID POPLAR; LIGNIFICATION; HEMICELLULOSE; DIGESTIBILITY; PRETREATMENT; SWITCHGRASS; HYDROLYSIS AB Advances in genetic manipulation of the biopolymers that compose plant cell walls will facilitate more efficient production of biofuels and chemicals from biomass and lead to specialized biomaterials with tailored properties. Here we investigate several genetic variants of Arabidopsis: the wild type, which makes a lignin polymer of primarily guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) monomeric units, the fah1 mutant, which makes lignin from almost exclusively G subunits, and a ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H) overexpressing line (C4H: F5H) that makes lignin from S subunits. We employ multiscale, multimodal imaging techniques that reveal the biomass of the C4H: F5H transgenic to be more susceptible to deconstruction by maleic acid treatment than the other variants. Enzymatic saccharification assays of the treated materials show that C4H: F5H transgenic tissue is significantly more digestible than the wild type, while the fah1 mutant is clearly the least digestible of these materials. Finally, we show by contact resonance force microscopy, an atomic force microscopy technique, that F5H overexpression in C4H: F5H transgenic plants significantly reduces the stiffness of the cell walls in the region of the compound middle lamella relative to wild type and fah1. C1 [Ciesielski, Peter N.; Resch, Michael G.; Himmel, Michael E.; Donohoe, Bryon S.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Hewetson, Barron; Mosier, Nathan] Purdue Univ, Dept Agr & Biol Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Killgore, Jason P.; Curtin, Alexandra; Chiaramonti, Ann N.; Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Curtin, Alexandra; Sanders, Aric] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Anderson, Nick; Chapple, Clint] Purdue Univ, Dept Biochem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Ciesielski, PN (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Biosci Ctr, 15013 Denver West Pkwy, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM bryon.donohoe@nrel.gov FU Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio) FX This work was supported as part of the Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Award Number DE-SC0000997. NREL is a national laboratory of the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. The authors would like to acknowledge the role of the Renewable & Sustainable Energy Institute (RASEI) in facilitating the collaboration between NREL and NIST-Boulder. Partial contribution of NIST, not subject to copyright. NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 57 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 EI 1463-9270 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 5 BP 2627 EP 2635 DI 10.1039/c3gc42422g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AF8ZT UT WOS:000335005200035 ER PT J AU Chen, X Hao, Z Devineni, N Lall, U AF Chen, X. Hao, Z. Devineni, N. Lall, U. TI Climate information based streamflow and rainfall forecasts for Huai River basin using hierarchical Bayesian modeling SO HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ANNUAL MAXIMUM; GORGES DAM; PRECIPITATION; PREDICTION; BRAZIL; CHINA AB A Hierarchal Bayesian model is presented for one season-ahead forecasts of summer rainfall and streamflow using exogenous climate variables for east central China. The model provides estimates of the posterior forecasted probability distribution for 12 rainfall and 2 streamflow stations considering parameter uncertainty, and cross-site correlation. The model has a multi-level structure with regression coefficients modeled from a common multi-variate normal distribution resulting in partial pooling of information across multiple stations and better representation of parameter and posterior distribution uncertainty. Covariance structure of the residuals across stations is explicitly modeled. Model performance is tested under leave-10-out cross-validation. Frequentist and Bayesian performance metrics used include receiver operating characteristic, reduction of error, coefficient of efficiency, rank probability skill scores, and coverage by posterior credible intervals. The ability of the model to reliably forecast season-ahead regional summer rainfall and streamflow offers potential for developing adaptive water risk management strategies. C1 [Chen, X.; Hao, Z.] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Peoples R China. [Devineni, N.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Devineni, N.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Lall, U.] Columbia Univ, Earth Inst, Columbia Water Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Lall, U.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Chen, X.] Bur Hydrol, Changjiang Water Resources Commiss, Wuhan 430010, Peoples R China. RP Devineni, N (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM ndevineni@ccny.cuny.edu RI Lall, Upmanu/B-7992-2009 OI Lall, Upmanu/0000-0003-0529-8128 FU China Scholarship Council; PepsiCo Foundation; Columbia Water Center; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB951103]; Nonprofit Industry Research Special Fund of China's MWR [201101003]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41101015, 41271042, 41101016]; Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [1069-50985512]; Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05110102] FX We thank the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), hydrological bureau of Huai River and China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System for the data used in this study. The work was funded in part by China Scholarship Council, the PepsiCo Foundation, the Columbia Water Center, the National Basic Research Program of China (grant no. 2010CB951103), Nonprofit Industry Research Special Fund of China's MWR (201101003), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41101015, 41271042 and 41101016), the Special Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (1069-50985512), the "Strategic Priority Research Program" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences XDA05110102. The authors would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers whose valuable comments led to significant improvements in the manuscript. NR 34 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1027-5606 EI 1607-7938 J9 HYDROL EARTH SYST SC JI Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. PY 2014 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1539 EP 1548 DI 10.5194/hess-18-1539-2014 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Geology; Water Resources GA AG4FS UT WOS:000335375300022 ER PT J AU Josell, D Moffat, TP AF Josell, D. Moffat, T. P. TI Superconformal Copper Electrodeposition in Complexed Alkaline Electrolyte SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THROUGH-SILICON-VIAS; SELECTIVE ACCELERATOR DEACTIVATION; MICROVIA-FILL PROCESS; SUBMICROMETER TRENCHES; 2-MERCAPTO-5-BENZIMIDAZOLESULFONIC ACID; INTERCONNECT METALLIZATION; SUPPORTING ELECTROLYTE; CU ELECTRODEPOSITION; BLOCKING INHIBITORS; DAMASCENE TRENCHES AB This paper examines superconformal filling of trenches during copper electrodeposition from alkaline cupric tartrate electrolyte. Localized bottom-up filling of submicrometer damascene trenches with minimal deposition on the sidewalls and the field around them is observed in electrolyte containing the deposition rate suppressing additive bis-(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS) for applied potential near that where suppression breakdown is observed. Deposits have rough surfaces and the deposited copper contains large voids. In contrast, conformal filling of trenches is observed in electrolyte containing polyethyleneimine (PEI), the deposits exhibiting macroscopically smoother surfaces with finer scale embedded porosity revealed by scanning electron microscopy. Electrolytes containing both additives yield bottom-up filling, in some cases with dense deposits at the bottoms of the features that transition to the porous structures observed for the PEI containing electrolyte. The feature filling and electrochemical measurements are discussed in the context of existing models for bottom-up deposition. Evolution of suppressor breakdown coupled with the electrical response of the electrochemical cell is of central importance. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved. C1 [Josell, D.; Moffat, T. P.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 EI 1945-7111 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2014 VL 161 IS 5 BP D287 EP D292 DI 10.1149/2.074405jes PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA AG3CD UT WOS:000335292500051 ER PT J AU Han, GJ Zhang, XF Zhang, S Wu, XR Liu, Z AF Han, G. -J. Zhang, X. -F. Zhang, S. Wu, X. -R. Liu, Z. TI Mitigation of coupled model biases induced by dynamical core misfitting through parameter optimization: simulation with a simple pycnocline prediction model SO NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE; SYSTEM; IMPACT; ASSIMILATION; FILTER AB Imperfect dynamical core is an important source of model biases that adversely impact on the model simulation and predictability of a coupled system. With a simple pycnocline prediction model, in this study, we show the mitigation of model biases through parameter optimization when the assimilation model consists of a "biased" time-differencing. Here, the "biased" time-differencing is defined by a different time-differencing scheme from the "truth" model that is used to produce "observations", which generates different mean values, climatology and variability of the assimilation model from the "truth" model. A series of assimilation experiments is performed to explore the impact of parameter optimization on model bias mitigation and climate estimation, as well as the role of different media parameter estimations. While the stochastic "physics" implemented by perturbing parameters can enhance the ensemble spread significantly and improve the representation of the model ensemble, signal-enhanced parameter estimation is able to mitigate the model biases on mean values and climatology, thus further improving the accuracy of estimated climate states, especially for the low-frequency signals. In addition, in a multiple timescale coupled system, parameters pertinent to low-frequency components have more impact on climate signals. Results also suggest that deep ocean observations may be indispensable for improving the accuracy of climate estimation, especially for low-frequency signals. C1 [Han, G. -J.; Zhang, X. -F.; Wu, X. -R.] State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. [Zhang, S.] Princeton Univ, GFDL NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Liu, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Nelson Inst Ctr Climat Res, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Z.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI USA. [Liu, Z.] Peking Univ, Lab Climate Ocean & Atmosphere Studies, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Han, GJ (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Natl Marine Data & Informat Serv, Key Lab Marine Environm Informat Technol, Tianjin, Peoples R China. EM gjhan@mail.nmdis.gov.cn FU National Basic Research Program [2013CB430304]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41030854, 41106005, 41306006, 41376013, 41376015] FX This research is co-sponsored by the grants of the National Basic Research Program (2013CB430304) and National Natural Science Foundation (41030854, 41106005, 41306006, 41376013, and 41376015) of China. We are grateful to the editor and anonymous reviewers for the constructive comments and suggestions which have helped to improve the paper. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1023-5809 J9 NONLINEAR PROC GEOPH JI Nonlinear Process Geophys. PY 2014 VL 21 IS 2 BP 357 EP 366 DI 10.5194/npg-21-357-2014 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG4GA UT WOS:000335376200002 ER PT J AU Velders, GJM Daniel, JS AF Velders, G. J. M. Daniel, J. S. TI Uncertainty analysis of projections of ozone-depleting substances: mixing ratios, EESC, ODPs, and GWPs SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; POTENTIALS; CLIMATE; TRENDS; GASES; CFC-12; MODEL; CFCS AB The rates at which ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) are removed from the atmosphere, which determine the lifetimes of these ODSs, are key factors for determining the rate of ozone layer recovery in the coming decades. We present here a comprehensive uncertainty analysis of future mixing ratios of ODSs, levels of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC), ozone depletion potentials, and global warming potentials (GWPs), using, among other information, the 2013 WCRP/SPARC (World Climate Research Programme/Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate) assessment of lifetimes of ODSs and their uncertainties. The year EESC returns to pre-1980 levels, a metric commonly used to indicate a level of recovery from ODS-induced ozone depletion, is 2048 for midlatitudes and 2075 for Antarctic conditions based on the lifetimes from the SPARC assessment, which is about 2 and 4 yr, respectively, later than based on the lifetimes from the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) assessment of 2011. However, the uncertainty in this return to 1980 levels is much larger than the shift due to this change in lifetimes. The year EESC returns to pre-1980 levels ranges from 2039 to 2064 (95% confidence interval) for midlatitudes and from 2061 to 2105 for the Antarctic spring. The primary contribution to these ranges comes from the uncertainty in the lifetimes, with smaller contributions from uncertainties in other modeled parameters. The earlier years of the return estimates derived by the uncertainty analysis, i.e., 2039 for midlatitudes and 2061 for Antarctic spring, are comparable to a hypothetical scenario in which emissions of ODSs cease in 2014. The later end of the range, i.e., 2064 for midlatitudes and 2105 for Antarctic spring, can also be obtained by a scenario with an additional emission of about 7 Mt CFC-11 eq. (eq. - equivalent) in 2015, which is the same as about 2 times the projected cumulative anthropogenic emissions of all ODSs from 2014 to 2050, or about 12 times the projected cumulative HCFC emissions from 2014 to 2050. C1 [Velders, G. J. M.] Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Daniel, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Velders, GJM (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm RIVM, POB 1, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. EM guus.velders@rivm.nl RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 6 BP 2757 EP 2776 DI 10.5194/acp-14-2757-2014 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LP UT WOS:000334104700002 ER PT J AU Tjernstrom, M Leck, C Birch, CE Bottenheim, JW Brooks, BJ Brooks, IM Backlin, L Chang, YW de Leeuw, G Di Liberto, L de la Rosa, S Granath, E Graus, M Hansel, A Heintzenberg, J Held, A Hind, A Johnston, P Knulst, J Martin, M Matrai, PA Mauritsen, T Muller, M Norris, SJ Orellana, MV Orsini, DA Paatero, J Persson, POG Gao, Q Rauschenberg, C Ristovski, Z Sedlar, J Shupe, MD Sierau, B Sirevaag, A Sjogren, S Stetzer, O Swietlicki, E Szczodrak, M Vaattovaara, P Wahlberg, N Westberg, M Wheeler, CR AF Tjernstrom, M. Leck, C. Birch, C. E. Bottenheim, J. W. Brooks, B. J. Brooks, I. M. Backlin, L. Chang, Y. -W. de Leeuw, G. Di Liberto, L. de la Rosa, S. Granath, E. Graus, M. Hansel, A. Heintzenberg, J. Held, A. Hind, A. Johnston, P. Knulst, J. Martin, M. Matrai, P. A. Mauritsen, T. Mueller, M. Norris, S. J. Orellana, M. V. Orsini, D. A. Paatero, J. Persson, P. O. G. Gao, Q. Rauschenberg, C. Ristovski, Z. Sedlar, J. Shupe, M. D. Sierau, B. Sirevaag, A. Sjogren, S. Stetzer, O. Swietlicki, E. Szczodrak, M. Vaattovaara, P. Wahlberg, N. Westberg, M. Wheeler, C. R. TI The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS): overview and experimental design SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; DIFFERENTIAL MOBILITY ANALYZER; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL-PARTICLES; NUMBER-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SEA-ICE; SURFACE MICROLAYER; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; DIMETHYL SULFIDE; ANNUAL CYCLE; AMINO-ACIDS AB The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than anywhere else on earth. Poorly understood feedback processes relating to Arctic clouds and aerosol-cloud interactions contribute to a poor understanding of the present changes in the Arctic climate system, and also to a large spread in projections of future climate in the Arctic. The problem is exacerbated by the paucity of research-quality observations in the central Arctic. Improved formulations in climate models require such observations, which can only come from measurements in situ in this difficult-to-reach region with logistically demanding environmental conditions. The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) was the most extensive central Arctic Ocean expedition with an atmospheric focus during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008. ASCOS focused on the study of the formation and life cycle of low-level Arctic clouds. ASCOS departed from Longyearbyen on Svalbard on 2 August and returned on 9 September 2008. In transit into and out of the pack ice, four short research stations were undertaken in the Fram Strait: two in open water and two in the marginal ice zone. After traversing the pack ice northward, an ice camp was set up on 12 August at 87 degrees 21' N, 01 degrees 29' W and remained in operation through 1 September, drifting with the ice. During this time, extensive measurements were taken of atmospheric gas and particle chemistry and physics, mesoscale and boundary-layer meteorology, marine biology and chemistry, and upper ocean physics. ASCOS provides a unique interdisciplinary data set for development and testing of new hypotheses on cloud processes, their interactions with the sea ice and ocean and associated physical, chemical, and biological processes and interactions. For example, the first-ever quantitative observation of bubbles in Arctic leads, combined with the unique discovery of marine organic material, polymer gels with an origin in the ocean, inside cloud droplets suggests the possibility of primary marine organically derived cloud condensation nuclei in Arctic stratocumulus clouds. Direct observations of surface fluxes of aerosols could, however, not explain observed variability in aerosol concentrations, and the balance between local and remote aerosols sources remains open. Lack of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) was at times a controlling factor in low-level cloud formation, and hence for the impact of clouds on the surface energy budget. ASCOS provided detailed measurements of the surface energy balance from late summer melt into the initial autumn freeze-up, and documented the effects of clouds and storms on the surface energy balance during this transition. In addition to such process-level studies, the unique, independent ASCOS data set can and is being used for validation of satellite retrievals, operational models, and reanalysis data sets. C1 [Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.; Backlin, L.; Granath, E.; Held, A.; Mauritsen, T.; Gao, Q.; Sedlar, J.; Wahlberg, N.; Westberg, M.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Tjernstrom, M.; Leck, C.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Birch, C. E.; Brooks, B. J.; Brooks, I. M.; Norris, S. J.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Bottenheim, J. W.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Chang, Y. -W.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [de Leeuw, G.; Paatero, J.] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, G.] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, Helsinki, Finland. [de Leeuw, G.] TNO Environm & Geosci, Dept Air Qual & Climate, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Di Liberto, L.] Italian Natl Res Council, ISAC, Rome, Italy. [de la Rosa, S.] Nansen Environm & Remote Sensing Ctr, Bergen, Norway. [de la Rosa, S.; Sirevaag, A.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Graus, M.; Hansel, A.; Mueller, M.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys & Appl Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Heintzenberg, J.; Orsini, D. A.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Held, A.] Univ Bayreuth, Bayreuth Ctr Ecol & Environm Res, Bayreuth, Germany. [Hind, A.; Matrai, P. A.; Rauschenberg, C.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, East Boothbay, ME USA. [Johnston, P.; Persson, P. O. G.; Shupe, M. D.; Wheeler, C. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Johnston, P.; Persson, P. O. G.; Shupe, M. D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Knulst, J.] BNR Ecotour Consulting AB, Lammhult, Sweden. [Martin, M.; Sierau, B.; Stetzer, O.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Mauritsen, T.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Orellana, M. V.] Inst Syst Biol, Seattle, WA USA. [Ristovski, Z.] Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Phys & Chem Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Sedlar, J.] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Sirevaag, A.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Sjogren, S.; Swietlicki, E.] Lund Univ, Div Nucl Phys, Lund, Sweden. [Szczodrak, M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Vaattovaara, P.] Univ Eastern Finland, Dept Appl Phys, Kuopio, Finland. RP Leck, C (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM michaelt@misu.su.se; lina@misu.su.se RI Brooks, Ian/E-1378-2012; Mauritsen, Thorsten/G-5880-2013; Swietlicki, Erik/B-9426-2014; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Norris, Sarah/I-3450-2012; Muller, Markus/L-1699-2014; Ristovski, Zoran/D-3308-2009; Birch, Cathryn/P-4228-2014; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; OI Brooks, Ian/0000-0002-5051-1322; Mauritsen, Thorsten/0000-0003-1418-4077; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Muller, Markus/0000-0003-4110-8950; Ristovski, Zoran/0000-0001-6066-6638; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; DAMOCLES Integrated Research Project; EU; Swedish National Research Council; Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; DAMOCLES; UK Natural Environment Research Council; UK Met Office; NSF; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Academy of Finland; Finnish Academy of Science; Letters/Vilho, Yrjo and Kalle Vaisala Foundation; Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program; Finnish Cultural foundation through the Lapland regional fund (Nordenskiold stipend); Bjerknes Centre; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Arctic-SOLAS (Canada) FX The Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) was an IPY project under the AICI-IPY umbrella and an endorsed SOLAS project. ASCOS was made possible by funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the DAMOCLES Integrated Research Project, EU 6th Framework Programme, while the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat provided access to the icebreaker Oden and logistical support. Support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration (NOAA) for remote-sensing instruments is gratefully acknowledged. We are also grateful to the Facility for Ground-based Atmospheric Measurement at the UK National Centre for Atmospheric Science for the provision of the sodar and tethered balloon. C. Leck, M. Tjernstrom, Q. Gao, A. Held, T. Mauritsen and J. Sedlar were funded by the Swedish National Research Council and by the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; M. Tjernstrom, T. Mauritsen, J. Sedlar and L. Di Liberto also acknowledge support from DAMOCLES. S. Norris, I. Brooks, C. Birch and B. Brooks were funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council; C. Birch also had support from the UK Met Office. M. Shupe, O. Persson, C. Wheeler, P. Johnston, M. Orellana, P. Matrai, A. Hind and C. Rauschenberg were funded by the NSF; M. Orellana and P. Matrai also acknowledge operational support by the NSF. J. Paatero was supported by the Finnish Meteorological Institute and by the Academy of Finland, the Finnish Academy of Science and the Letters/Vilho, Yrjo and Kalle Vaisala Foundation; FMI also provided several instrument systems. P. Vaattovaara acknowledges funding from the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence program and from the Finnish Cultural foundation through the Lapland regional fund (Nordenskiold stipend). A. Sirevaag and S. de la Rosa were supported by the Bjerknes Centre and R. Chang was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Arctic-SOLAS (Canada). The contribution from the Institute for Tropospheric Research was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG). We are grateful to Jonathan Abbatt, Jan Bottenheim, Erica Key, Ulrike Lohman, Peter Minnette and Marcel Nicolaus for assistance with the measurement program and to the SPRS logistical staff. Finally we are greatly indebted to Oden's Captain Mattias Peterson and his crew for invaluable assistance with many things. NR 170 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 48 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 6 BP 2823 EP 2869 DI 10.5194/acp-14-2823-2014 PG 47 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LP UT WOS:000334104700006 ER PT J AU Papanastasiou, DK McKeen, SA Burkholder, JB AF Papanastasiou, D. K. McKeen, S. A. Burkholder, J. B. TI The very short-lived ozone depleting substance CHBr3 (bromoform): revised UV absorption spectrum, atmospheric lifetime and ozone depletion potential SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS; QUANTUM YIELDS; NM; PHOTOLYSIS; BR-2; OH AB CHBr3 (bromoform) is a short-lived atmospheric trace compound that is primarily of natural origin and is a source of reactive bromine in both the troposphere and stratosphere. Estimating the overall atmospheric impact of CHBr3 and its transport to the stratosphere requires a thorough understanding of its atmospheric loss processes, which are primarily UV photolysis and reaction with the OH radical. In this study, UV absorption cross sections, sigma(lambda, T), for CHBr3 were measured at wavelengths between 300 and 345 nm at temperatures between 260 and 330K using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. The present results are compared with currently recommended values for use in atmospheric models, and the discrepancies are discussed. A parameterization of the CHBr3 UV spectrum for use in atmospheric models is developed, and illustrative photolysis rate calculations are presented to highlight the impact of the revised sigma(lambda, T) values on its calculated local lifetimes. For example, the photolysis rate in the tropical region obtained with the present spectral data is 10-15% lower (longer lifetime) than obtained using currently recommended cross section values. Seasonally dependent ozone depletion potentials (ODPs) for CHBr3 emitted in the Indian sub-continent were calculated to be 0.10, 0.34, 0.72, and 0.23 (winter, spring, summer, fall) using the semi-empirical relationship of Brioude et al. (2010). C1 [Papanastasiou, D. K.; McKeen, S. A.; Burkholder, J. B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Papanastasiou, D. K.; McKeen, S. A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.b.burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/O-1419-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Papanastasiou, Dimitrios/0000-0003-3963-162X; FU NOAA's Climate Goal; NASA's Atmospheric Composition program FX This work was supported in part by NOAA's Climate Goal and NASA's Atmospheric Composition program. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 6 BP 3017 EP 3025 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3017-2014 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LP UT WOS:000334104700015 ER PT J AU Fan, J Leung, LR DeMott, PJ Comstock, JM Singh, B Rosenfeld, D Tomlinson, JM White, A Prather, KA Minnis, P Ayers, JK Min, Q AF Fan, J. Leung, L. R. DeMott, P. J. Comstock, J. M. Singh, B. Rosenfeld, D. Tomlinson, J. M. White, A. Prather, K. A. Minnis, P. Ayers, J. K. Min, Q. TI Aerosol impacts on California winter clouds and precipitation during CalWater 2011: local pollution versus long-range transported dust (vol 14, pg 81, 2014) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction C1 [Fan, J.; Leung, L. R.; Comstock, J. M.; Singh, B.; Tomlinson, J. M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [DeMott, P. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Rosenfeld, D.] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Inst Earth Sci, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [White, A.] NOAA ESRL, R PSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Prather, K. A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Dept Chem & Biochem, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Minnis, P.] NASA Langley Res Ctr LaRC, Hampton, VA USA. [Ayers, J. K.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Min, Q.] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Fan, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jiwen.fan@pnnl.gov RI Fan, Jiwen/E-9138-2011; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016 OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 6 BP 3063 EP 3064 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3063-2014 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LP UT WOS:000334104700018 ER PT J AU Fiebig, M Hirdman, D Lunder, CR Ogren, JA Solberg, S Stohl, A Thompson, RL AF Fiebig, M. Hirdman, D. Lunder, C. R. Ogren, J. A. Solberg, S. Stohl, A. Thompson, R. L. TI Annual cycle of Antarctic baseline aerosol: controlled by photooxidation-limited aerosol formation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; PARTICLE FORMATION; NEPHELOMETER; RANGE AB This article investigates the annual cycle observed in the Antarctic baseline aerosol scattering coefficient, total particle number concentration, and particle number size distribution (PNSD), as measured at Troll Atmospheric Observatory. Mie theory shows that the annual cycles in microphysical and optical aerosol properties have a common cause. By comparison with observations at other Antarctic stations, it is shown that the annual cycle is not a local phenomenon, but common to central Antarctic baseline air masses. Observations of ground-level ozone at Troll as well as backward plume calculations for the air masses arriving at Troll demonstrate that the baseline air masses originate from the free troposphere and lower stratosphere region, and descend over the central Antarctic continent. The Antarctic summer PNSD is dominated by particles with diameters < 100 nm recently formed from the gas-phase despite the absence of external sources of condensible gases. The total particle volume in Antarctic baseline aerosol is linearly correlated with the integral insolation the aerosol received on its transport pathway, and the photooxidative production of particle volume is mostly limited by photooxidative capacity, not availability of aerosol precursor gases. The photooxidative particle volume formation rate in central Antarctic baseline air is quantified to 207 +/- 4 mu m(3)/(MJ m). Further research is proposed to investigate the applicability of this number to other atmospheric reservoirs, and to use the observed annual cycle in Antarctic baseline aerosol properties as a benchmark for the representation of natural atmospheric aerosol processes in climate models. C1 [Fiebig, M.; Solberg, S.; Stohl, A.; Thompson, R. L.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Hirdman, D.] SMHI, Norrkoping, Sweden. [Lunder, C. R.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Monitoring & Informat Technol Dept, Kjeller, Norway. [Ogren, J. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fiebig, M (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Atmospher & Climate Res, Kjeller, Norway. EM markus.fiebig@nilu.no RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Fiebig, Markus/I-4872-2012; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Fiebig, Markus/0000-0002-3380-3470; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; Thompson, Rona/0000-0001-9485-7176 FU Norwegian Antarctic Research (NARE) programme; European Science Foundation/Norwegian Research Council FX This research has been supported by the Norwegian Antarctic Research (NARE) programme, as well as the European Science Foundation/Norwegian Research Council funded project CLimate IMpacts of Short-Lived pollutants In the Polar region (CLIMSLIP). NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 6 BP 3083 EP 3093 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3083-2014 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LP UT WOS:000334104700020 ER PT J AU Young, CJ Washenfelder, RA Edwards, PM Parrish, DD Gilman, JB Kuster, WC Mielke, LH Osthoff, HD Tsai, C Pikelnaya, O Stutz, J Veres, PR Roberts, JM Griffith, S Dusanter, S Stevens, PS Flynn, J Grossberg, N Lefer, B Holloway, JS Peischl, J Ryerson, TB Atlas, EL Blake, DR Brown, SS AF Young, C. J. Washenfelder, R. A. Edwards, P. M. Parrish, D. D. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. Mielke, L. H. Osthoff, H. D. Tsai, C. Pikelnaya, O. Stutz, J. Veres, P. R. Roberts, J. M. Griffith, S. Dusanter, S. Stevens, P. S. Flynn, J. Grossberg, N. Lefer, B. Holloway, J. S. Peischl, J. Ryerson, T. B. Atlas, E. L. Blake, D. R. Brown, S. S. TI Chlorine as a primary radical: evaluation of methods to understand its role in initiation of oxidative cycles SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; MASTER CHEMICAL MECHANISM; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; MCM V3 PART; ATOMIC CHLORINE; TROPOSPHERIC DEGRADATION; LOS-ANGELES; CL ATOM; HALOCARBON MEASUREMENTS AB The role of chlorine atoms (Cl) in atmospheric oxidation has been traditionally thought to be limited to the marine boundary layer, where they are produced through heterogeneous reactions involving sea salt. However, recent observation of photolytic Cl precursors (ClNO2 and Cl-2) formed from anthropogenic pollution has expanded the potential importance of Cl to include coastal and continental urban areas. Measurements of ClNO2 in Los Angeles during CalNex (California Nexus - Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) showed it to be an important primary (first generation) radical source. Evolution of ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been proposed as a method to quantify Cl oxidation, but we find no evidence from this approach for a significant role of Cl oxidation in Los Angeles. We use a box model with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.2) chemistry scheme, constrained by observations in Los Angeles, to examine the Cl sensitivity of commonly used VOC ratios as a function of NOx and secondary radical production. Model results indicate VOC tracer ratios could not detect the influence of Cl unless the ratio of [OH] to [Cl] was less than 200 for at least a day. However, the model results also show that secondary (second generation) OH production resulting from Cl oxidation of VOCs is strongly influenced by NOx, and that this effect obscures the importance of Cl as a primary oxidant. Calculated concentrations of Cl showed a maximum in mid-morning due to a photolytic source from ClNO2 and loss primarily to reactions with VOCs. The [OH] to [Cl] ratio was below 200 for approximately 3 h in the morning, but Cl oxidation was not evident from the measured ratios of VOCs. Instead, model simulations show that secondary OH production causes VOC ratio evolution to follow that expected for OH oxidation, despite the significant input of primary Cl from ClNO2 photolysis in the morning. Even though OH is by far the dominant oxidant in Los Angeles, Cl atoms do play an important role in photochemistry there, constituting 9% of the primary radical source. Furthermore, Cl-VOC reactivity differs from that of OH, being more than an order of magnitude larger and dominated by VOCs, such as alkanes, that are less reactive toward OH. Primary Cl is also slightly more effective as a radical source than primary OH due to its greater propensity to initiate radical propagation chains via VOC reactions relative to chain termination via reaction with nitrogen oxides. C1 [Young, C. J.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Edwards, P. M.; Gilman, J. B.; Veres, P. R.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Young, C. J.; Washenfelder, R. A.; Edwards, P. M.; Parrish, D. D.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; Veres, P. R.; Roberts, J. M.; Holloway, J. S.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Brown, S. S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Mielke, L. H.; Osthoff, H. D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Tsai, C.; Pikelnaya, O.; Stutz, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Griffith, S.; Dusanter, S.; Stevens, P. S.] Indiana Univ, Sch Publ & Environm Affairs, Bloomington, IN USA. [Dusanter, S.] Mines Douai, CE, F-59508 Douai, France. [Flynn, J.; Grossberg, N.; Lefer, B.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RP Young, CJ (reprint author), Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. EM cora.young@mun.ca RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Stutz, Jochen/K-7159-2014; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Edwards, Peter/H-5236-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; Young, Cora/A-4551-2010; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012 OI Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Edwards, Peter/0000-0002-1076-6793; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; Young, Cora/0000-0002-6908-5829; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 FU California Air Resources Board (CARB); California Institute of Technology; CARB; NOAA Air Quality; NOAA Climate Research; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada FX J. Stutz thanks J. de Gouw, J.-L. Jimenez, J. Seinfeld, and J. Suratt for co-organizing the CalNex site in Pasadena. The California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the California Institute of Technology are thanked for funding the site. We acknowledge financial support for the field measurements from CARB, the NOAA Air Quality and NOAA Climate Research; and C. J. Young thanks the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for a postdoctoral fellowship. NR 57 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 15 U2 70 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 7 BP 3427 EP 3440 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3427-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF3JO UT WOS:000334608400014 ER PT J AU Sedlar, J Shupe, MD AF Sedlar, J. Shupe, M. D. TI Characteristic nature of vertical motions observed in Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLOUD PROPERTIES; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; DOPPLER SPECTRA; STRATUS CLOUDS; ANNUAL CYCLE; SURFACE; RADAR; SUMMER; RADIATION AB Over the Arctic Ocean, little is known on cloud-generated buoyant overturning vertical motions within mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds. Characteristics of such motions are important for understanding the diabatic processes associated with the vertical motions, the lifetime of the cloud layer and its micro-and macrophysical characteristics. In this study, we exploit a suite of surface-based remote sensors over the high-Arctic sea ice during a weeklong period of persistent stratocumulus in August 2008 to derive the in-cloud vertical motion characteristics. In-cloud vertical velocity skewness and variance profiles are found to be strikingly different from observations within lower-latitude stratocumulus, suggesting these Arctic mixed-phase clouds interact differently with the atmospheric thermodynamics (cloud tops extending above a stable temperature inversion base) and with a different coupling state between surface and cloud. We find evidence of cloud-generated vertical mixing below cloud base, regardless of surface-cloud coupling state, although a decoupled surface-cloud state occurred most frequently. Detailed case studies are examined, focusing on three levels within the cloud layer, where wavelet and power spectral analyses are applied to characterize the dominant temporal and horizontal scales associated with cloud-generated vertical motions. In general, we find a positively correlated vertical motion signal amongst vertical levels within the cloud and across the full cloud layer depth. The coherency is dependent upon other non-cloud controlled factors, such as larger, mesoscale weather passages and radiative shielding of low-level stratocumulus by one or more cloud layers above. Despite the coherency in vertical velocity across the cloud, the velocity variances were always weaker near cloud top, relative to cloud middle and base. Taken in combination with the skewness, variance and thermodynamic profile characteristics, we observe vertical motions near cloud top that behave differently than those from lower within the cloud layer. Spectral analysis indicates peak cloud-generated w variance timescales slowed only modestly during decoupled cases relative to coupled; horizontal wavelengths only slightly increased when transitioning from coupling to decoupling. The similarities in scales suggests that perhaps the dominant forcing for all cases is generated from the cloud layer, and it is not the surface forcing that characterizes the time- and space scales of in-cloud vertical velocity variance. This points toward the resilient nature of Arctic mixed-phase clouds to persist when characterized by thermodynamic regimes unique to the Arctic. C1 [Sedlar, J.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Sedlar, J.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Shupe, M. D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, M. D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sedlar, J (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM josephs@misu.su.se RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Swedish Science Research Council (VR); DAMOCLES European Union 6th Framework Programme Integrated Research Project; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University FX We are grateful to the three reviewers for comments and suggestions which improved the scientific findings of this study. This work is part of the ASCOS (Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study) and was funded by the Swedish Science Research Council (VR) and the DAMOCLES European Union 6th Framework Programme Integrated Research Project. ASCOS was made possible by funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. J. Sedlar was also funded by the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research at Stockholm University. We are grateful to the co-chief scientists C. Leck and M. Tjernstrom, as well as to the Oden's captain M. Peterson and crew. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 7 BP 3461 EP 3478 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3461-2014 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF3JO UT WOS:000334608400016 ER PT J AU Buizert, C Martinerie, P Petrenko, VV Severinghaus, JP Trudinger, CM Witrant, E Rosen, JL Orsi, AJ Rubino, M Etheridge, DM Steele, LP Hogan, C Laube, JC Sturges, WT Levchenko, VA Smith, AM Levin, I Conway, TJ Dlugokencky, EJ Lang, PM Kawamura, K Jenk, TM White, JWC Sowers, T Schwander, J Blunier, T AF Buizert, C. Martinerie, P. Petrenko, V. V. Severinghaus, J. P. Trudinger, C. M. Witrant, E. Rosen, J. L. Orsi, A. J. Rubino, M. Etheridge, D. M. Steele, L. P. Hogan, C. Laube, J. C. Sturges, W. T. Levchenko, V. A. Smith, A. M. Levin, I. Conway, T. J. Dlugokencky, E. J. Lang, P. M. Kawamura, K. Jenk, T. M. White, J. W. C. Sowers, T. Schwander, J. Blunier, T. TI Gas transport in firn: multiple-tracer characterisation and model intercomparison for NEEM, Northern Greenland (vol 12, pg 4259, 2012) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction ID ICE CORE C1 [Buizert, C.; Rubino, M.; Etheridge, D. M.; Jenk, T. M.; Blunier, T.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Ice & Climate, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. [Martinerie, P.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Lab Glaciol & Geophys Environm, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. [Petrenko, V. V.; White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Severinghaus, J. P.; Orsi, A. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Trudinger, C. M.; Rubino, M.; Etheridge, D. M.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Witrant, E.] Univ Grenoble 1, CNRS, Grenoble Image Parole Signal Automat, Grenoble, France. [Rosen, J. L.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hogan, C.; Laube, J. C.; Sturges, W. T.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Levchenko, V. A.; Smith, A. M.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Kirrawee Dc, NSW 2232, Australia. [Levin, I.] Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, INF 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Conway, T. J.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Lang, P. M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kawamura, K.] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tachikawa, Tokyo 1908518, Japan. [Sowers, T.] Penn State Univ, Earth & Environm Syst Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schwander, J.] Univ Bern, Inst Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. RP Buizert, C (reprint author), Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Ice & Climate, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. EM buizertc@science.oregonstate.edu RI Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Etheridge, David/B-7334-2013; Jenk, Theo/D-5777-2017; Trudinger, Cathy/A-2532-2008; Blunier, Thomas/M-4609-2014; White, James/A-7845-2009 OI Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Jenk, Theo/0000-0001-6820-8615; Trudinger, Cathy/0000-0002-4844-2153; Blunier, Thomas/0000-0002-6065-7747; White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684 NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 7 BP 3571 EP 3572 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3571-2014 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF3JO UT WOS:000334608400023 ER PT J AU Chin, M Diehl, T Tan, Q Prospero, JM Kahn, RA Remer, LA Yu, H Sayer, AM Bian, H Geogdzhayev, IV Holben, BN Howell, SG Huebert, BJ Hsu, NC Kim, D Kucsera, TL Levy, RC Mishchenko, MI Pan, X Quinn, PK Schuster, GL Streets, DG Strode, SA Torres, O Zhao, XP AF Chin, Mian Diehl, T. Tan, Q. Prospero, J. M. Kahn, R. A. Remer, L. A. Yu, H. Sayer, A. M. Bian, H. Geogdzhayev, I. V. Holben, B. N. Howell, S. G. Huebert, B. J. Hsu, N. C. Kim, D. Kucsera, T. L. Levy, R. C. Mishchenko, M. I. Pan, X. Quinn, P. K. Schuster, G. L. Streets, D. G. Strode, S. A. Torres, O. Zhao, X. -P. TI Multi-decadal aerosol variations from 1980 to 2009: a perspective from observations and a global model SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; LONG-TERM RECORD; OPTICAL DEPTH; AFRICAN DUST; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; GOCART MODEL; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; AERONET MEASUREMENTS; TOMS OBSERVATIONS AB Aerosol variations and trends over different land and ocean regions from 1980 to 2009 are analyzed with the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model and observations from multiple satellite sensors and available ground-based networks. Excluding time periods with large volcanic influence, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and surface concentration over polluted land regions generally vary with anthropogenic emissions, but the magnitude of this association can be dampened by the presence of natural aerosols, especially dust. Over the 30-year period in this study, the largest reduction in aerosol levels occurs over Europe, where AOD has decreased by 40-60% on average and surface sulfate concentrations have declined by a factor of up to 3-4. In contrast, East Asia and South Asia show AOD increases, but the relatively high level of dust aerosols in Asia reduces the correlation between AOD and pollutant emission trends. Over major dust source regions, model analysis indicates that the change of dust emissions over the Sahara and Sahel has been predominantly driven by the change of near-surface wind speed, but over Central Asia it has been largely influenced by the change of the surface wetness. The decreasing dust trend in the North African dust outflow region of the tropical North Atlantic and the receptor sites of Barbados and Miami is closely associated with an increase of the sea surface temperature in the North Atlantic. This temperature increase may drive the decrease of the wind velocity over North Africa, which reduces the dust emission, and the increase of precipitation over the tropical North Atlantic, which enhances dust removal during transport. Despite significant trends over some major continental source regions, the model-calculated global annual average AOD shows little change over land and ocean in the past three decades, because opposite trends in different land regions cancel each other out in the global average, and changes over large open oceans are negligible. This highlights the necessity for regional-scale assessment of aerosols and their climate impacts, as global-scale average values can obscure important regional changes. C1 [Chin, Mian; Diehl, T.; Tan, Q.; Kahn, R. A.; Yu, H.; Sayer, A. M.; Bian, H.; Holben, B. N.; Hsu, N. C.; Kim, D.; Kucsera, T. L.; Levy, R. C.; Pan, X.; Strode, S. A.; Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Diehl, T.; Tan, Q.; Sayer, A. M.; Kim, D.; Kucsera, T. L.; Strode, S. A.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Prospero, J. M.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Remer, L. A.; Bian, H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Yu, H.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Geogdzhayev, I. V.; Mishchenko, M. I.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Geogdzhayev, I. V.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Howell, S. G.; Huebert, B. J.] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Schuster, G. L.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Streets, D. G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhao, X. -P.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Chin, M (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM mian.chin@nasa.gov RI Mishchenko, Michael/D-4426-2012; Kim, Dongchul/H-2256-2012; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Sayer, Andrew/H-2314-2012; Levy, Robert/M-7764-2013; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012; Strode, Sarah/H-2248-2012; Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013 OI Kim, Dongchul/0000-0002-5659-1394; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Prospero, Joseph/0000-0003-3608-6160; Sayer, Andrew/0000-0001-9149-1789; Levy, Robert/0000-0002-8933-5303; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359; Strode, Sarah/0000-0002-8103-1663; Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; FU NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program; Atmospheric Composition, Modeling, and Analysis Program (ACMAP); NASA Postdoctoral Program FX We thank the IMPROVE, EMEP, and AERONET networks for making their data available on line. Site PIs and data managers of these networks are gratefully acknowledged. We also thank the Goddard Earth Science Data and Information Services Center for providing gridded satellite products of SeaWiFS, MISR, and MODIS through their Giovanni website. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their very constructive, helpful comments. This work is supported by NASA's Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction (MAP) program and the Atmospheric Composition, Modeling, and Analysis Program (ACMAP). X. Pan is supported by the NASA Postdoctoral Program, administrated by the Oak Ridge Associated University (ORAU). NR 109 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 5 U2 67 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 7 BP 3657 EP 3690 DI 10.5194/acp-14-3657-2014 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF3JO UT WOS:000334608400028 ER PT J AU Lin, K Wu, H Wang, FF Rong, YC Chen, J Deng, JX Yu, RB Fang, L Huang, QZ Xing, XR AF Lin, Kun Wu, Hui Wang, Fangfang Rong, Yangchun Chen, Jun Deng, Jinxia Yu, Ranbo Fang, Liang Huang, Qingzhen Xing, Xianran TI Structure and thermal expansion of the tungsten bronze Pb2KNb5O15 SO DALTON TRANSACTIONS LA English DT Article ID LEAD POTASSIUM NIOBATE; CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC PROPERTIES; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; LONE-PAIR; BARIUM; TRANSITION; FERROELECTRICITY; CERAMICS; ORIGIN AB The structure and thermal expansion behavior of the tetragonal tungsten bronze oxide Pb2KNb5O15 were investigated by neutron powder diffraction and high-temperature X-ray diffraction. Below the Curie temperature, T-C (orthorhombic phase, T-C approximate to 460 degrees C), the cell parameters a and c increase with temperature, while b decreases. The thermal expansion coefficients are alpha(a) = 1.29 x 10(-5) degrees C-1, alpha(b) = -1.56 x 10-5 degrees C-1, and alpha(c) = 1.62 x 10(-5) degrees C-1. Temperature-dependent second harmonic generation (SHG), dielectric, and polarization-electrical field (P-E) hysteresis loop measurements were performed to study the symmetry and electric properties. We show that the distortion and cooperative rotation of NbO6 octahedrons are directly responsible for the negative thermal expansion coefficient along the polar b axis. It is suggested that Pb-O covalency, especially in the large and asymmetric pentagonal prisms, may be related to orthorhombic distortion and abnormal spontaneous polarization along the b axis. This study shows that tungsten bronze families are possible candidates for exploring negative thermal expansion materials. C1 [Lin, Kun; Wang, Fangfang; Rong, Yangchun; Chen, Jun; Deng, Jinxia; Yu, Ranbo; Xing, Xianran] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Deng, Jinxia] Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. [Fang, Liang] Guilin Univ Technol, Key Lab New Proc Technol Nonferrous Met & Mat, Minist Educ, Guilin 541004, Peoples R China. RP Xing, XR (reprint author), Univ Sci & Technol Beijing, Dept Phys Chem, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. EM xing@ustb.edu.cn RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Yu, Ranbo/M-1308-2014; Fang, Liang/B-7081-2012; Chen, Jun/M-1669-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [91022016, 21031005, 21231001]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University [IRT1207] FX This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 91022016, 21031005 and 21231001), the Program for Changjiang Scholars and the Innovative Research Team in University (IRT1207). The calculations were performed on the Quantum Materials Simulator at USTB. NR 50 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 37 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1477-9226 EI 1477-9234 J9 DALTON T JI Dalton Trans. PY 2014 VL 43 IS 19 BP 7037 EP 7043 DI 10.1039/c3dt53340a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AF5EX UT WOS:000334737900013 PM 24622650 ER PT J AU Fiorillo, F Beatrice, C Son, D Ahlers, H Groessinger, R Albertini, F Liu, YP Lin, A Patroi, E Shull, R Thomas, O Hall, MJ AF Fiorillo, F. Beatrice, C. Son, D. Ahlers, H. Groessinger, R. Albertini, F. Liu, Y. P. Lin, A. Patroi, E. Shull, R. Thomas, O. Hall, M. J. TI International comparison of measurements of hard magnets with the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS AND MECHANICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on 1 and 2 Dimensional Magnetic Measurement and Testing CY SEP 03-06, 2012 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA DE Magnetic measurements; Vibrating Sample Magnetometer; hard magnets; measuring uncertainty AB We present the results of an international comparison regarding the magnetic properties of hard magnets, measured using the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. The comparison involved eight different international laboratories, plus two laboratories using the SQUID magnetometer. It was directed, in particular, at the determination of the hysteresis loop parameters of hard ferrite and magnetic tape samples. It was carried out in the framework of the activity of the IEC TC68 Working Group 2. The statistical analysis of the obtained results was performed according to standard rules (e. g. ISO and EURAMET guidelines). The standard deviation around the mean of the laboratories best estimates is found to be s similar to 1% in anisotropic ferrites for all the measured quantities: coercive fields H-cJ and H-cB, high-field polarization J(800) (k), polarization at remanence J(r), maximum energy product (BH)(max). Isotropic ferrites show larger dispersion of the best estimates of J(r) and H-cB (similar to 3%) and (BH)(max) (similar to 6%). For the quantities measured in the magnetic tapes (magnetic moment under applied field H = 400 kA/m m(400) (k) and at remanence mr, squareness S = m(400) (k)/m(r), H-cJ)(s) is found to fluctuate around 2%. In all cases, the relative expanded uncertainty of the reference value (weighted mean), associated with a 95% confidence level, is at most +/- 1.5%. c C1 [Fiorillo, F.; Beatrice, C.] INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Son, D.] Hannam Univ, Taejon, South Korea. [Ahlers, H.] PTB, Braunschweig, Germany. [Groessinger, R.] TU Wien, Vienna, Austria. [Albertini, F.] IMEM CNR, Parma, Italy. [Liu, Y. P.] China Jiliang Univ, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Lin, A.] NIM, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Patroi, E.] INCDIE ICPE CA, Bucharest, Romania. [Shull, R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, O.; Hall, M. J.] NPL, Teddington, Middx, England. RP Fiorillo, F (reprint author), INRIM, Turin, Italy. EM f.fiorillo@inrim.it RI PATROI, Eros Alexandru/C-3679-2011 OI PATROI, Eros Alexandru/0000-0003-4543-4323 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1383-5416 EI 1875-8800 J9 INT J APPL ELECTROM JI Int. J. Appl. Electromagn. Mech. PY 2014 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 245 EP 252 DI 10.3233/JAE-141786 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Mechanics; Physics GA AF8ZO UT WOS:000335004700002 ER PT J AU Cooksey, GA Atencia, J AF Cooksey, Gregory A. Atencia, Javier TI Pneumatic valves in folded 2D and 3D fluidic devices made from plastic films and tapes SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID SOFT LITHOGRAPHY AB We present a rapid prototyping technique that expands elastomeric valving capabilities to devices made from thin materials such as plastic films and tapes. The time required from conception to full fabrication of functional devices is within a few hours. A key characteristic of this technology is that devices are thin (typically less than 0.5 mm in thickness), which allows for the fabrication of devices with many layers. This feature also permits folding of devices into 3D structures having fully functional valves. We illustrate this concept with the fabrication of a 25 mm-per-side cube whose walls contain microfluidic channels and valves. Control of liquid delivery through the faces of the cube is demonstrated with a chemotaxis experiment of C. elegans migrating within the enclosed volume of the cube as stimuli are delivered through the walls of the cube to the interior faces. C1 [Cooksey, Gregory A.; Atencia, Javier] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Atencia, Javier] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Cooksey, GA (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregory.cooksey@nist.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2014 VL 14 IS 10 BP 1665 EP 1668 DI 10.1039/c4lc00173g PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AF7AT UT WOS:000334866500002 PM 24691845 ER PT J AU Tucker, AD MacDonald, BD Seminoff, JA AF Tucker, Anton D. MacDonald, Bradley D. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Foraging site fidelity and stable isotope values of loggerhead turtles tracked in the Gulf of Mexico and northwest Caribbean SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Stable isotope; Carbon; Nitrogen; Sulfur; Premise testing; Satellite telemetry; Loggerhead turtle; Caretta caretta; delta C-13; delta N-15; delta S-34 ID FEEDING HABITAT USE; SATELLITE TELEMETRY; CARETTA-CARETTA; SEA-TURTLES; LEATHERBACK TURTLES; LIPID EXTRACTION; INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; DELTA-N-15 VALUES; CHELONIA-MYDAS AB We used stable isotope ( delta C-13, delta N-15, delta S-34) analysis in combination with satellite telemetry to evaluate the foraging areas chosen by 88 loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta nesting in southwestern Florida. Nine turtles were tracked and skin-sampled in more than one nesting season to evaluate within-individual consistency in foraging sites and stable isotope values. Turtles migrated to 5 regions: Caribbean, Florida Keys, West Florida Shelf, northern Gulf of Mexico, and Yucatan Peninsula. The stable isotope ratios across these foraging grounds ranged from -21.16 to -7.69 parts per thousand for delta C-13, 3.27 to 13.99 parts per thousand for delta N-15, and 1.91 to 20.64 parts per thousand for delta S-34. We compared bulk skin tissue stable isotope values for all turtles by bioregion, year, body size, depth of putative foraging area, and linear distance from the closest shore; among these factors, only bioregion showed a significant effect on isotope values. There were subtle regional differences in mean delta C-13, delta N-15, and delta S-34, and an apparent north-south isotopic shift aligning strongly with ocean currents adjacent to the Florida Keys. The influence of coastal topography and shifting biogeographic boundaries such as the Loop Current may cause strong ocean water mixing that results in the observed similarities in stable isotope values among regions. These results indicate that stable isotopes alone may be an inadequate tool for identifying fine-scale (< 100 km) residency of sea turtles within this ocean region. C1 [Tucker, Anton D.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [MacDonald, Bradley D.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Tucker, AD (reprint author), Dept Pk & Wildlife, Marine Sci Program, 17 Dick Perry Ave, S Perth, WA 6151, Australia. EM tony.tucker@dpaw.wa.gov.au OI Tucker, Anton/0000-0003-2318-7819 FU Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program; US Fish and Wildlife Service in the NRDA Loggerhead Pre-assessment; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission through USFWS; Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission through NMFS; Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund; Mote Scientific Foundation; Norcross Wildlife Foundation; New Canaan County School; Wooster School; Morrison Family Foundation; Sarasota County Environmental Services; Z. Srodes/Volvo Award; NASA Signals of Spring; Longboat Key Turtle Watch; Coastal Wildlife Club; Curtis School; Community Foundation of Greater Lakeland; Suntrust Bank; Seaturtle.org; West Marine of Sarasota FX This study was funded in part by the Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program. Additional support was offered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service in the NRDA Loggerhead Pre-assessment in 2010, the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission through Section 6 funds awarded by USFWS and NMFS, Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund, Mote Scientific Foundation, Norcross Wildlife Foundation, New Canaan County School, Wooster School, the Samek family, the Costello Family, S. Bush, V. Miller, Morrison Family Foundation, Sarasota County Environmental Services, Z. Srodes/Volvo Award, NASA Signals of Spring, Longboat Key Turtle Watch, Coastal Wildlife Club, Curtis School, Community Foundation of Greater Lakeland, Comerica, Suntrust Bank, Seaturtle.org, West Marine of Sarasota, and private donors. We thank turtle taggers J. Sobin, P. Solomon, E. Ingram, L. Flynn, A. Oedison, L. Ranalli, J. Drenth, C. Vilmars, Y. Fernandez, and A. Yeager for field assistance. M. Coyne of Seaturtle. org developed the awesome programs STAT and MAPTOOL. Sarasota County Parks and Recreation arranged for parking and ATV storage at Nokomis Beach Park. Animal ethics and permits were in accord with Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Permits MTP126 and MTP155 and IACUC permits at Mote Marine Laboratory. NR 68 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 502 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.3354/meps10655 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AF4GU UT WOS:000334670700021 ER PT J AU Cundiff, ST AF Cundiff, Steven T. TI Optical three dimensional coherent spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; NONLINEAR RESPONSE FUNCTIONS; ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; MULTIDIMENSIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; QUANTUM COHERENCE; PHOTON-ECHOES; STABILIZATION; TEMPERATURE; SPECTRA AB Optical multdimensional coherent spectroscopy has recently been the subject of significant activity. While two-dimensional spectroscopy is most common, it is possible to extend the method into three dimensions. This perspective reviews the different approaches to three-dimensional spectroscopy and the systems that have been studied with it. The advantages of adding an additional dimension are discussed and compared to the resulting experimental challenges. C1 [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 57 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 16 IS 18 BP 8193 EP 8200 DI 10.1039/c4cp00176a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA AF3HP UT WOS:000334602900004 PM 24676396 ER PT J AU Chan, EP AF Chan, Edwin P. TI Deswelling of ultrathin molecular layer-by-layer polyamide water desalination membranes SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ELASTOMERIC GELS; PERMEABILITY; HYDROGELS; INDENTATION; DIFFUSION AB The selective layer of pressure-induced water desalination membranes is an ultrathin and highly crosslinked aromatic polyamide (PA) film that separates salt from water based on differences in permeability, which is a product of diffusivity and solubility. Characterizing the transport properties of the selective layer is necessary in understanding its permselective performance. However, measuring transport of ultrathin films in general is nontrivial. Here, Poroelastic Relaxation Indentation (PRI) is employed as a simple deswelling technique for measuring the transport properties of these ultrathin selective layers. C1 NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chan, EP (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.chan@nist.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 17 BP 2949 EP 2954 DI 10.1039/c4sm00088a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AF1SO UT WOS:000334494000004 PM 24658339 ER PT J AU Starr, FW Hartmann, B Douglas, JF AF Starr, Francis W. Hartmann, Benedikt Douglas, Jack F. TI Dynamical clustering and a mechanism for raft-like structures in a model lipid membrane SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; LENNARD-JONES LIQUID; LATERAL DIFFUSION; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; LUNG SURFACTANT; SIMULATION AB We use molecular dynamics simulations to examine the dynamical heterogeneity of a model single-component lipid membrane using a coarse-grained representation of lipid molecules. This model qualitatively reproduces the known phase transitions between disordered, ordered, and gel membrane phases, and the phase transitions are accompanied by significant changes in the nature of the lipid dynamics. In particular, lipid diffusion in the liquid-ordered phase is hindered by the transient trapping of molecules by their neighbors, similar to the dynamics of a liquid approaching its glass transition. This transient molecular caging gives rise to two distinct mobility groups within a single-component membrane: lipids that are transiently trapped, and lipids with displacements on the scale of the intermolecular spacing. Most significantly, lipids within these distinct mobility states spatially segregate, creating transient "islands" of enhanced mobility having a size and time scale compatible with lipid "rafts," dynamical structures thought to be important for cell membrane function. Although the dynamic lipid clusters that we observe do not themselves correspond to rafts (which are more complex, multicomponent structures), we hypothesize that such rafts may develop from the same universal mechanism, explaining why raft-like regions should arise, regardless of lipid structural or compositional details. These clusters are strikingly similar to the dynamical clusters found in glass-forming fluids, and distinct from phase-separation clusters. We also show that mobile lipid clusters can be dissected into smaller clusters of cooperatively rearranging molecules. The geometry of these clusters can be understood in the context of branched equilibrium polymers, related to percolation theory. We discuss how these dynamical structures relate to a range observations on the dynamics of lipid membranes. C1 [Starr, Francis W.; Hartmann, Benedikt] Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Starr, FW (reprint author), Wesleyan Univ, Dept Phys, Middletown, CT 06459 USA. EM fstarr@wesleyan.edu RI Starr, Francis/C-7703-2012 FU NIH [1 R01 EB006398-01A1]; ACS-PRF [51983-ND7] FX We thank D. Simmons, C. Othon and N. Shafique for assistance and comments. JFD acknowledges support from NIH grant 1 R01 EB006398-01A1. BH and FWS acknowledge support from ACS-PRF grant 51983-ND7. NR 62 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 17 BP 3036 EP 3047 DI 10.1039/c3sm53187b PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AF1SO UT WOS:000334494000014 PM 24695573 ER PT J AU Ensberg, JJ Hayes, PL Jimenez, JL Gilman, JB Kuster, WC de Gouw, JA Holloway, JS Gordon, TD Jathar, S Robinson, AL Seinfeld, JH AF Ensberg, J. J. Hayes, P. L. Jimenez, J. L. Gilman, J. B. Kuster, W. C. de Gouw, J. A. Holloway, J. S. Gordon, T. D. Jathar, S. Robinson, A. L. Seinfeld, J. H. TI Emission factor ratios, SOA mass yields, and the impact of vehicular emissions on SOA formation SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; AEROSOL FORMATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MEXICO-CITY; SECONDARY; INSTRUMENT; CAMPAIGN; EVOLUTION; VAPOR AB The underprediction of ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA) levels by current atmospheric models in urban areas is well established, yet the cause of this underprediction remains elusive. Likewise, the relative contribution of emissions from gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles to the formation of SOA is generally unresolved. We investigate the source of these two discrepancies using data from the 2010 CalNex experiment carried out in the Los Angeles Basin (Ryerson et al., 2013). Specifically, we use gasphase organic mass (GPOM) and CO emission factors in conjunction with measured enhancements in oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) relative to CO to quantify the significant lack of closure between expected and observed organic aerosol concentrations attributable to fossil-fuel emissions. Two possible conclusions emerge from the analysis to yield consistency with the ambient data: (1) vehicular emissions are not a dominant source of anthropogenic fossil SOA in the Los Angeles Basin, or (2) the ambient SOA mass yields used to determine the SOA formation potential of vehicular emissions are substantially higher than those derived from laboratory chamber studies. C1 [Ensberg, J. J.; Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hayes, P. L.; Jimenez, J. L.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Holloway, J. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. [Gordon, T. D.; Jathar, S.; Robinson, A. L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Ctr Atmospher Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Gordon, T. D.; Robinson, A. L.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Seinfeld, J. H.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Seinfeld, JH (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Robinson, Allen/M-3046-2014; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Jathar, Shantanu/A-2966-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Gordon, Timothy/H-9497-2013; Gilman, Jessica/E-7751-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Robinson, Allen/0000-0002-1819-083X; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Jathar, Shantanu/0000-0003-4106-2358; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Gordon, Timothy/0000-0002-5128-9532; Gilman, Jessica/0000-0002-7899-9948; FU NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program [NA13OAR4310058]; CIRES Visiting Fellowship; DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0006035] FX The authors would like to thank R. Bahreini, D. Gentner, A. Chan, A. Goldstein, and two anonymous reviewers for providing valuable comments. This study was supported by NOAA Climate Program Office's AC4 program, award no. NA13OAR4310058. P. L. Hayes and J. L. Jimenez thank CARB 08-309 and 11-305, DOE (BER/ASR) DE-SC0006035, and a CIRES Visiting Fellowship. NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 66 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2383 EP 2397 DI 10.5194/acp-14-2383-2014 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LK UT WOS:000334104200012 ER PT J AU Jiao, C Flanner, MG Balkanski, Y Bauer, SE Bellouin, N Berntsen, TK Bian, H Carslaw, KS Chin, M De Luca, N Diehl, T Ghan, SJ Iversen, T Kirkevag, A Koch, D Liu, X Mann, GW Penner, JE Pitari, G Schulz, M Seland, O Skeie, RB Steenrod, SD Stier, P Takemura, T Tsigaridis, K van Noije, T Yun, Y Zhang, K AF Jiao, C. Flanner, M. G. Balkanski, Y. Bauer, S. E. Bellouin, N. Berntsen, T. K. Bian, H. Carslaw, K. S. Chin, M. De Luca, N. Diehl, T. Ghan, S. J. Iversen, T. Kirkevag, A. Koch, D. Liu, X. Mann, G. W. Penner, J. E. Pitari, G. Schulz, M. Seland, O. Skeie, R. B. Steenrod, S. D. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Tsigaridis, K. van Noije, T. Yun, Y. Zhang, K. TI An AeroCom assessment of black carbon in Arctic snow and sea ice SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-CLIMATE INTERACTIONS; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; GLOBAL-MODELS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; FUTURE CLIMATE; ECHAM-HAM; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; SENSITIVITY; PREINDUSTRIAL AB Though many global aerosols models prognose surface deposition, only a few models have been used to directly simulate the radiative effect from black carbon (BC) deposition to snow and sea ice. Here, we apply aerosol deposition fields from 25 models contributing to two phases of the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) project to simulate and evaluate within-snow BC concentrations and radiative effect in the Arctic. We accomplish this by driving the offline land and sea ice components of the Community Earth System Model with different deposition fields and meteorological conditions from 2004 to 2009, during which an extensive field campaign of BC measurements in Arctic snow occurred. We find that models generally underestimate BC concentrations in snow in northern Russia and Norway, while overestimating BC amounts elsewhere in the Arctic. Although simulated BC distributions in snow are poorly correlated with measurements, mean values are reasonable. The multi-model mean (range) bias in BC concentrations, sampled over the same grid cells, snow depths, and months of measurements, are -4.4 (-13.2 to + 10.7) ng g(-1) for an earlier phase of AeroCom models (phase I), and + 4.1 (-13.0 to + 21.4) ng g(-1) for a more recent phase of AeroCom models (phase II), compared to the observational mean of 19.2 ng g(-1). Factors determining model BC concentrations in Arctic snow include Arctic BC emissions, transport of extra-Arctic aerosols, precipitation, deposition efficiency of aerosols within the Arctic, and meltwater removal of particles in snow. Sensitivity studies show that the model-measurement evaluation is only weakly affected by meltwater scavenging efficiency because most measurements were conducted in non-melting snow. The Arctic (60-90 degrees N) atmospheric residence time for BC in phase II models ranges from 3.7 to 23.2 days, implying large inter-model variation in local BC deposition efficiency. Combined with the fact that most Arctic BC deposition originates from extra-Arctic emissions, these results suggest that aerosol removal processes are a leading source of variation in model performance. The multi-model mean (full range) of Arctic radiative effect from BC in snow is 0.15 (0.07-0.25) W m(-2) and 0.18 (0.06-0.28) W m(-2) in phase I and phase II models, respectively. After correcting for model biases relative to observed BC concentrations in different regions of the Arctic, we obtain a multi-model mean Arctic radiative effect of 0.17W m(-2) for the combined AeroCom ensembles. Finally, there is a high correlation between modeled BC concentrations sampled over the observational sites and the Arctic as a whole, indicating that the field campaign provided a reasonable sample of the Arctic. C1 [Jiao, C.; Flanner, M. G.; Penner, J. E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Balkanski, Y.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bauer, S. E.; Tsigaridis, K.] Columbia Univ, Ctr Climate Syst Res, New York, NY USA. [Bauer, S. E.; Tsigaridis, K.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Bellouin, N.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Berntsen, T. K.] Univ Oslo, Dept Geosci, Oslo, Norway. [Bian, H.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Carslaw, K. S.; Mann, G. W.] Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Climate & Atmospher Sci, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [Chin, M.; Diehl, T.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [De Luca, N.; Pitari, G.] Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Sci Fis & Chim, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. [Ghan, S. J.; Liu, X.; Zhang, K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Iversen, T.; Kirkevag, A.; Schulz, M.; Seland, O.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Liu, X.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Skeie, R. B.] Ctr Int Climate & Environm Res Oslo CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Steenrod, S. D.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. [Stier, P.] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford, England. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [van Noije, T.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Yun, Y.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Zhang, K.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Jiao, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM chaoyij@umich.edu RI Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Carslaw, Ken/C-8514-2009; Bauer, Susanne/P-3082-2014; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Jiao, Chaoyi/F-9065-2015; Zhang, Kai/F-8415-2010; Skeie, Ragnhild/K-1173-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009 OI Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Carslaw, Ken/0000-0002-6800-154X; Zhang, Kai/0000-0003-0457-6368; Skeie, Ragnhild/0000-0003-1246-4446; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067 FU NSF [ATM-0852775, ARC-1023387]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discoveries through Advanced Computing program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Research Council of Norway through the RegClim project; Research Council of Norway through NorClim project; Research Council of Norway through EarthClim project [207711/E10]; Research Council of Norway through NOTUR/NorStore project; Norwegian Space Centre through PM-VRAE; EU project PEGASOS; EU project ACCESS; Norwegian Research Council through the project SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components); EU project ECLIPSE; UK Natural Environment Research Council project AEROS [NE/G006148/1]; Max Planck Society FX This research was partially supported by NSF ATM-0852775 and ARC-1023387. N. Bellouin was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). S. Ghan and X. Liu were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Scientific Discoveries through Advanced Computing program. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is operated for the DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. T. Iversen, A. Kirkevag and O. Seland have been funded by the Research Council of Norway through the RegClim, NorClim, EarthClim (207711/E10) and NOTUR/NorStore projects, by the Norwegian Space Centre through PM-VRAE, and by the EU projects PEGASOS and ACCESS. R. B. Skeie has been funded by the Norwegian Research Council through the project SLAC (Short Lived Atmospheric Components) and the EU project ECLIPSE. P. Stier acknowledges support from the UK Natural Environment Research Council project AEROS [NE/G006148/1]. K. Zhang was supported by funding from the Max Planck Society. NR 91 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2399 EP 2417 DI 10.5194/acp-14-2399-2014 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LK UT WOS:000334104200013 ER PT J AU Fang, SX Zhou, LX Tans, PP Ciais, P Steinbacher, M Xu, L Luan, T AF Fang, S. X. Zhou, L. X. Tans, P. P. Ciais, P. Steinbacher, M. Xu, L. Luan, T. TI In situ measurement of atmospheric CO2 at the four WMO/GAW stations in China SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; STABLE ISOTOPIC-RATIOS; LONG-TERM RECORD; MAUNA-LOA; GREENHOUSE GASES; METHANE; EMISSIONS; FLUXES; WALIGUAN; GROWTH AB Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) mole fractions were continuously measured from January 2009 to December 2011 at four atmospheric observatories in China using cavity ring-down spectroscopy instruments. The stations are Lin'an (LAN), Longfengshan (LFS), Shangdianzi (SDZ), and Waliguan (WLG), which are regional (LAN, LFS, SDZ) or global (WLG) measurement stations of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmosphere Watch program (WMO/ GAW). LAN is located near the megacity of Shanghai, in China's economically most developed region. LFS is in a forest and rice production area, close to the city of Harbin in northeastern China. SDZ is located 150 km northeast of Beijing. WLG, hosting the longest record of measured CO2 mole fractions in China, is a high-altitude site in northwestern China recording background CO2 concentration. The CO2 growth rates are 3.7 +/- 1.2 ppm yr(-1) for LAN, 2.7 +/- 0.8 ppm yr(-1) for LFS, 3.5 +/- 1.6 ppm yr(-1) for SDZ, and 2.2 +/- 0.8 ppm yr(-1) (1 sigma ) for WLG during the period of 2009 to 2011. The highest annual mean CO2 mole fraction of 404.2 +/- 3.9 ppm was observed at LAN in 2011. A comprehensive analysis of CO2 variations, their diurnal and seasonal cycles as well as the analysis of the influence of local sources on the CO2 mole fractions allows a characterization of the sampling sites and of the key processes driving the CO2 mole fractions. These data form a basis to improve our understanding of atmospheric CO2 variations in China and the underlying fluxes using atmospheric inversion models. C1 [Fang, S. X.; Zhou, L. X.; Xu, L.; Luan, T.] CAMS, CMA, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Tans, P. P.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Ciais, P.] LSCE, Paris, France. [Steinbacher, M.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Zhou, LX (reprint author), CAMS, CMA, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM zhoulx@cams.cma.gov.cn RI Steinbacher, Martin/B-7424-2009 OI Steinbacher, Martin/0000-0002-7195-8115 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175116]; National Key Basic Research Program [2010CB950601]; International S&T Cooperation Program of the MOST [2011DFA21090]; CMA operational fund [2012Y003]; GAW Quality Assurance/Science Actitity Centre (QA/SAC) Switzerland; MeteoSwiss FX We express our great thanks to the staff at Lin'an, Longfengshan, Shangdianzi, and Waliguan station who have contributed to the system installation and maintenance at the stations. This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (program no. 41175116), the National Key Basic Research Program (no. 2010CB950601), the International S&T Cooperation Program of the MOST (no. 2011DFA21090), and the CMA operational fund (2012Y003). The data used in this study will be available to the public within the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) policy.; Martin Steinbacher acknowledges funding through the GAW Quality Assurance/Science Actitity Centre (QA/SAC) Switzerland, supported by MeteoSwiss. NR 57 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2541 EP 2554 DI 10.5194/acp-14-2541-2014 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LK UT WOS:000334104200022 ER PT J AU Wells, KC Millet, DB Cady-Pereira, KE Shephard, MW Henze, DK Bousserez, N Apel, EC de Gouw, J Warneke, C Singh, HB AF Wells, K. C. Millet, D. B. Cady-Pereira, K. E. Shephard, M. W. Henze, D. K. Bousserez, N. Apel, E. C. de Gouw, J. Warneke, C. Singh, H. B. TI Quantifying global terrestrial methanol emissions using observations from the TES satellite sensor SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; ATMOSPHERIC METHANOL; TRACE GASES; OXYGENATED HYDROCARBONS; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC; AIR-QUALITY; GEOS-CHEM AB We employ new global space-based measurements of atmospheric methanol from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) with the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to quantify terrestrial emissions of methanol to the atmosphere. Biogenic methanol emissions in the model are based on version 2.1 of the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1), using leaf area data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and GEOS-5 assimilated meteorological fields. We first carry out a pseudo observation test to validate the overall approach, and find that the TES sampling density is sufficient to accurately quantify regional-to continental-scale methanol emissions using this method. A global inversion of two years of TES data yields an optimized annual global surface flux of 122 Tg yr(-1) (including biogenic, pyrogenic, and anthropogenic sources), an increase of 60% from the a priori global flux of 76 Tg yr(-1). Global terrestrial methanol emissions are thus nearly 25% those of isoprene (similar to 540 Tg yr(-1)), and are comparable to the combined emissions of all anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (similar to 100-200 Tg yr(-1)). Our a posteriori terrestrial methanol source leads to a strong improvement of the simulation relative to an ensemble of airborne observations, and corroborates two other recent top-down estimates (114-120 Tg yr(-1)) derived using in situ and space-based measurements. Inversions testing the sensitivity of optimized fluxes to model errors in OH, dry deposition, and oceanic uptake of methanol, as well as to the assumed a priori constraint, lead to global fluxes ranging from 118 to 126 Tg yr(-1). The TES data imply a relatively modest revision of model emissions over most of the tropics, but a significant upward revision in midlatitudes, particularly over Europe and North America. We interpret the inversion results in terms of specific source types using the methanol : CO correlations measured by TES, and find that biogenic emissions are overestimated relative to biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions in central Africa and southeastern China, while they are underestimated in regions such as Brazil and the US. Based on our optimized emissions, methanol accounts for > 25% of the photochemical source of CO and HCHO over many parts of the northern extratropics during springtime, and contributes similar to 6% of the global secondary source of those compounds annually. C1 [Wells, K. C.; Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Cady-Pereira, K. E.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Shephard, M. W.] Environm Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Henze, D. K.; Bousserez, N.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Apel, E. C.] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [de Gouw, J.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Millet, DB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dbm@umn.edu RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; FU NASA through the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program [NNX10AG65G]; University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute; EPA Science To Achieve Results program [RD83455901] FX This work was supported by NASA through the Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program (grant no. NNX10AG65G), the University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, and by the EPA Science To Achieve Results program (grant no. RD83455901). We gratefully thank J. Worden and M. Luo for their role in developing the TES methanol retrieval. NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 38 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2555 EP 2570 DI 10.5194/acp-14-2555-2014 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LK UT WOS:000334104200023 ER PT J AU Wesslen, C Tjernstrom, M Bromwich, DH de Boer, G Ekman, AML Bai, LS Wang, SH AF Wesslen, C. Tjernstrom, M. Bromwich, D. H. de Boer, G. Ekman, A. M. L. Bai, L. -S. Wang, S. -H. TI The Arctic summer atmosphere: an evaluation of reanalyses using ASCOS data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; COUPLED MODELS; CLIMATE MODELS; WATER-VAPOR; PART I; CLOUD; ICE; OCEAN; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION AB The Arctic has experienced large climate changes over recent decades, the largest for any region on Earth. To understand the underlying reasons for this climate sensitivity, reanalysis is an invaluable tool. The Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) is a regional reanalysis, forced by ERA-Interim at the lateral boundaries and incorporating model physics adapted to Arctic conditions, developed to serve as a state-of-the-art, high-resolution synthesis tool for assessing Arctic climate variability and monitoring Arctic climate change. We use data from Arctic Summer Cloud-Ocean Study (ASCOS) to evaluate the performance of ASR and ERAInterim for the Arctic Ocean. The ASCOS field experiment was deployed on the Swedish icebreaker Oden north of 87 degrees N in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic during August and early September 2008. Data were collected during the transits from and to Longyearbyen and the 3-week ice drift with Oden moored to a drifting multiyear ice floe. These data are independent and detailed enough to evaluate process descriptions. The reanalyses captures basic meteorological variations coupled to the synoptic-scale systems, but have difficulties in estimating clouds and atmospheric moisture. While ERAInterim has a systematic warm bias in the lowest troposphere, ASR has a cold bias of about the same magnitude on average. The results also indicate that more sophisticated descriptions of cloud microphysics in ASR did not significantly improve the modeling of cloud properties compared to ERA-Interim. This has consequences for the radiation balance, and hence the surface temperature, and illustrate how a modeling problem in one aspect of the atmosphere, here the clouds, feeds back to other parameters, especially near the surface and in the boundary layer. C1 [Wesslen, C.; Tjernstrom, M.; Ekman, A. M. L.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Wesslen, C.; Tjernstrom, M.; Ekman, A. M. L.] Stockholm Univ, Bert Bolin Ctr Climate Res, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Bromwich, D. H.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Atmospher Sci Program, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bromwich, D. H.; Bai, L. -S.; Wang, S. -H.] Ohio State Univ, Byrd Polar Res Ctr, Polar Meteorol Grp, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [de Boer, G.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Boer, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wesslen, C (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM cecilia@misu.su.se RI Bromwich, David/C-9225-2016; OI Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 FU Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; DAMOCLES Integrated Research Project from the European Union 6th Framework Programme; Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research; Swedish National Research Council [2009-3085]; US National Science Foundation funds the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) [ARC-0733023, ARC-1144117]; US National Science Foundation [ARC-1023366, ARC 1203902]; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0008794] FX This work is part of ASCOS (the Arctic Summer Cloud-Ocean Study). ASCOS is an IPY project under the umbrella of AICIA-IPY and is an endorsed SOLAS project. ASCOS was made possible by funding from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the DAMOCLES Integrated Research Project from the European Union 6th Framework Programme and by the Bert Bolin Centre for Climate Research. We are grateful to the ASCOS science crew for making quality-controlled observations available to us, especially Ian Brooks, Cathryn Birch, Thorsten Mauritsen, Joseph Sedlar, Matthew Shupe and Ola Persson. Caroline Leck and Michael Tjernstrom were co-chief scientists, and the Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (SPRS) provided access to the icebreaker Oden and logistical support. We are also grateful to the SPRS logistical staff and the Oden's Captain Mattias Peterson and his crew. The Swedish National Research Council funded M. Tjernstrom and C. Wesslen for this study under grant 2009-3085. The US National Science Foundation funds the Arctic System Reanalysis (ASR) via grants ARC-0733023 and ARC-1144117 to D. H. Bromwich. G. de Boer acknowledges funding from the US National Science Foundation (ARC-1023366 and ARC 1203902) and the US Department of Energy (DE-SC0008794). We also acknowledge the kind assistance by Dick Dee from ECMWF in answering all our questions regarding ERA-Interim. NR 45 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2605 EP 2624 DI 10.5194/acp-14-2605-2014 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LK UT WOS:000334104200026 ER PT J AU Fischer, EV Jacob, DJ Yantosca, RM Sulprizio, MP Millet, DB Mao, J Paulot, F Singh, HB Roiger, A Ries, L Talbot, RW Dzepina, K Deolal, SP AF Fischer, E. V. Jacob, D. J. Yantosca, R. M. Sulprizio, M. P. Millet, D. B. Mao, J. Paulot, F. Singh, H. B. Roiger, A. Ries, L. Talbot, R. W. Dzepina, K. Deolal, S. Pandey TI Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN): a global budget and source attribution SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; OZONE PRODUCTION EFFICIENCIES; BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS; DIFFERENT SOURCE REGIONS; NITRIC ANHYDRIDES PANS; LOWER FREE TROPOSPHERE; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; METHYL VINYL KETONE; PEARL RIVER DELTA AB Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formed in the atmospheric oxidation of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) is the principal tropospheric reservoir for nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx = NO+ NO2). PAN enables the transport and release of NOx to the remote troposphere with major implications for the global distributions of ozone and OH, the main tropospheric oxidants. Simulation of PAN is a challenge for global models because of the dependence of PAN on vertical transport as well as complex and uncertain NMVOC sources and chemistry. Here we use an improved representation of NMVOCs in a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and show that it can simulate PAN observations from aircraft campaigns worldwide. The immediate carbonyl precursors for PAN formation include acetaldehyde (44% of the global source), methylglyoxal (30%), acetone (7%), and a suite of other isoprene and terpene oxidation products (19%). A diversity of NMVOC emissions is responsible for PAN formation globally including isoprene (37%) and alkanes (14%). Anthropogenic sources are dominant in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere outside the growing season. Open fires appear to play little role except at high northern latitudes in spring, although results are very sensitive to plume chemistry and plume rise. Lightning NOx is the dominant contributor to the observed PAN maximum in the free troposphere over the South Atlantic. C1 [Fischer, E. V.; Paulot, F.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Jacob, D. J.; Yantosca, R. M.; Sulprizio, M. P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Mao, J.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Roiger, A.] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, Inst Phys Atmosphare, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [Ries, L.] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Talbot, R. W.] GAW Global Stn Zugspitze Hohenpeissenberg, Fed Environm Agcy, Zugspitze, Germany. [Dzepina, K.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Chem, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Deolal, S. Pandey] Bluesign Technol AG, St Gallen, Switzerland. RP Fischer, EV (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM evf@atmos.colostate.edu RI Dzepina, Katja/A-1372-2014; Fischer, Emily/K-7330-2015; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Mao, Jingqiu/F-2511-2010; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Fischer, Emily/0000-0001-8298-3669; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; Mao, Jingqiu/0000-0002-4774-9751; FU NASA; NOAA; Harvard University Center for the Environment; National Science Foundation [ATM-0720955, AGS-1110059] FX This work was supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition Modeling and Analysis Program. Support for E. V. Fischer was provided by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by UCAR, and by a Harvard University Center for the Environment Postdoctoral Fellowship. The contribution of PAN data from the GAW Global Station Hohenbeissenberg by Stefan Gilge, German Meteorological Service, is greatly acknowledged. The contribution of PAN data from the Jungfraujoch Mountain Site by Christoph Zellweger (EMPA) is greatly acknowledged. We thank Hiroshi Tanimoto for providing the data from Rishiri, Japan. Pico PAN data were collected under the leadership of Richard Honrath with funding from the National Science Foundation grant ATM-0720955. Funding for the analysis of the Pico PAN measurements by Katja Dzepina, Jim Roberts and Lynn Mazzoleni was provided by the National Science Foundation through grant AGS-1110059. We also appreciate the contribution of unpublished PAN data from the Thompson Farm AIRMAP Site by Ryan Chartier. Finally, we thank Martin Steinbacher and Jim Roberts for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 167 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 79 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2014 VL 14 IS 5 BP 2679 EP 2698 DI 10.5194/acp-14-2679-2014 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6LK UT WOS:000334104200031 ER PT J AU Ishii, M Feely, RA Rodgers, KB Park, GH Wanninkhof, R Sasano, D Sugimoto, H Cosca, CE Nakaoka, S Telszewski, M Nojiri, Y Fletcher, SEM Niwa, Y Patra, PK Valsala, V Nakano, H Lima, I Doney, SC Buitenhuis, ET Aumont, O Dunne, JP Lenton, A Takahashi, T AF Ishii, M. Feely, R. A. Rodgers, K. B. Park, G. -H. Wanninkhof, R. Sasano, D. Sugimoto, H. Cosca, C. E. Nakaoka, S. Telszewski, M. Nojiri, Y. Fletcher, S. E. Mikaloff Niwa, Y. Patra, P. K. Valsala, V. Nakano, H. Lima, I. Doney, S. C. Buitenhuis, E. T. Aumont, O. Dunne, J. P. Lenton, A. Takahashi, T. TI Air-sea CO2 flux in the Pacific Ocean for the period 1990-2009 SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SURFACE-WATER PCO(2); CARBON-CYCLE MODEL; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; INORGANIC CARBON; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN AB Air-sea CO2 fluxes over the Pacific Ocean are known to be characterized by coherent large-scale structures that reflect not only ocean subduction and upwelling patterns, but also the combined effects of wind-driven gas exchange and biology. On the largest scales, a large net CO2 influx into the extratropics is associated with a robust seasonal cycle, and a large net CO2 efflux from the tropics is associated with substantial interannual variability. In this work, we have synthesized estimates of the net air-sea CO2 flux from a variety of products, drawing upon a variety of approaches in three sub-basins of the Pacific Ocean, i. e., the North Pacific extratropics (18-66 degrees N), the tropical Pacific (18 degrees S-18 degrees N), and the South Pacific extratropics (44.5-18 degrees S). These approaches include those based on the measurements of CO2 partial pressure in surface seawater (pCO(2)sw), inversions of ocean-interior CO2 data, forward ocean biogeochemistry models embedded in the ocean general circulation models (OBGCMs), a model with assimilation of pCO(2)sw data, and inversions of atmospheric CO2 measurements. Long-term means, interannual variations and mean seasonal variations of the regionally integrated fluxes were compared in each of the sub-basins over the last two decades, spanning the period from 1990 through 2009. A simple average of the long-term mean fluxes obtained with surface water pCO(2) diagnostics and those obtained with ocean-interior CO2 inversions are -0.47 +/- 0.13 Pg Cyr(-1) in the North Pacific extratropics, +/- 0.44 +/- 0.14 Pg Cyr(-1) in the tropical Pacific, and -0.37 +/- 0.08 Pg C yr(-1) in the South Pacific extratropics, where positive fluxes are into the atmosphere. This suggests that approximately half of the CO2 taken up over the North and South Pacific extratropics is released back to the atmosphere from the tropical Pacific. These estimates of the regional fluxes are also supported by the estimates from OBGCMs after adding the riverine CO2 flux, i.e., -0.49 +/- 0.02 Pg Cyr(-1) in the North Pacific extratropics, +0.41 +/- 0.05 Pg Cyr(-1) in the tropical Pacific, and -0.39 +/- 0.11 Pg Cyr(-1) in the South Pacific extratropics. The estimates from the atmospheric CO2 inversions show large variations amongst different inversion systems, but their median fluxes are consistent with the estimates from climatological pCO(2)sw data and pCO(2)sw diagnostics. In the South Pacific extratropics, where CO2 variations in the surface and ocean interior are severely undersampled, the difference in the air-sea CO2 flux estimates between the diagnostic models and ocean-interior CO2 inversions is larger (0.18 Pg Cyr(-1)). The range of estimates from forward OBGCMs is also large (-0.19 to -0.72 Pg Cyr(-1)). Regarding interannual variability of air-sea CO2 fluxes, positive and negative anomalies are evident in the tropical Pacific during the cold and warm events of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation in the estimates from pCO(2)sw diagnostic models and from OBGCMs. They are consistent in phase with the Southern Oscillation Index, but the peak-to-peak amplitudes tend to be higher in OBGCMs (0.40 +/- 0.09 Pg Cyr(-1)) than in the diagnostic models (0.27 +/- 0.07 Pg Cyr(-1)). C1 [Ishii, M.; Sasano, D.; Niwa, Y.; Nakano, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Oceanog & Geochem Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Ishii, M.; Sasano, D.; Sugimoto, H.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Feely, R. A.; Cosca, C. E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ocean Climate Res Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rodgers, K. B.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Park, G. -H.; Wanninkhof, R.] NOAA, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Park, G. -H.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Nakaoka, S.; Telszewski, M.; Nojiri, Y.; Valsala, V.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Fletcher, S. E. Mikaloff] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington 6021, New Zealand. [Patra, P. K.] Japan Agcy Marine Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Lima, I.; Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Buitenhuis, E. T.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Aumont, O.] Ctr IRD Bretagne, Lab Phys Oceans, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Dunne, J. P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lenton, A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas 7000, Australia. [Takahashi, T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Ishii, M (reprint author), Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Oceanog & Geochem Res Dept, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. EM mishii@mri-jma.go.jp RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Buitenhuis, Erik/A-7692-2012; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Aumont, Olivier/G-5207-2016; Lenton, Andrew/D-2077-2012; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Buitenhuis, Erik/0000-0001-6274-5583; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Aumont, Olivier/0000-0003-3954-506X; Lenton, Andrew/0000-0001-9437-8896; Mikaloff Fletcher, Sara/0000-0003-0741-0320 FU JSPS [22310017]; MEXT [24121003]; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) through the office of Climate Observations (OCO); NASA's Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences [NNX09AI13G]; NIWA National Centre for Atmosphere's core research funding; US National Science Foundation award [AGS-1048827]; EU (CarboChange) [264879]; Australian Climate Change Science Program; NOAA [NA08OAR4320754]; Comer Science and Education Foundation [CSEF CP70]; [NA17RJ2612]; [NA08OAR4320752] FX This work has been done as one of the synthesis efforts of the project Regional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP) of Global Carbon Project. We thank J. G. Canadell, P. Ciais, C. Le Quere, and C. Sabine for coordinating the RECCAP, and F. Perez and an anonymous reviewer for constructive suggestions to this manuscript. We also thank the captains, officers, and crew of all the many ships on which carbon measurements have been made and contributed to this work. All the modelers' contribution by providing the data sets of their model runs are also much appreciated. The OBGCM results are provided in RECCAP OBGCM site at http://lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/lequere/reccap/. We thank the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (University of Bergen and Uni Research AS) for providing data of the MICOM-HAMOCC model and ETH Zurich for providing the data of NCAR CCSM3 ocean model with BEC with the gas exchange formulation of global mean velocity of 15 cm h-1 for CO2 (ETHk15). The inverse model results of atmospheric CO2 are provided under TransCom project at http://transcom.lsce.ipsl.fr. The data sets of CCMP Ocean Surface Wind Product are provided from Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the data sets of wind speed of NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1 are provided from CSIL Research Data Archive managed by NCAR's Data Support Section. M. Ishii acknowledges the Meteorological Research Institute's priority research fund for ocean carbon cycle changes, JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No. 22310017, and MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas No. 24121003. Support for K. B. Rodgers came under awards NA17RJ2612 and NA08OAR4320752, and support for K. B. Rodgers and R. A. Feely from the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) through the office of Climate Observations (OCO), as well as by funds from NASA's Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences through award #NNX09AI13G. SMF's contributions were funded through the NIWA National Centre for Atmosphere's core research funding. S. C. Doney and I. Lima acknowledge support from US National Science Foundation award AGS-1048827. E. T. Buitenhuis acknowledges support from the EU (CarboChange, contract 264879). A. Lenton acknowledges support from the Australian Climate Change Science Program. T. Takahashi is supported by grants from the NOAA (NA08OAR4320754) and the Comer Science and Education Foundation (CSEF CP70). NR 95 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 6 U2 40 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3 BP 709 EP 734 DI 10.5194/bg-11-709-2014 PG 26 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AE6KB UT WOS:000334099700012 ER PT J AU Moine, MP Valcke, S Lawrence, BN Pascoe, C Ford, RW Alias, A Balaji, V Bentley, P Devine, G Callaghan, SA Guilyardi, E AF Moine, M. -P. Valcke, S. Lawrence, B. N. Pascoe, C. Ford, R. W. Alias, A. Balaji, V. Bentley, P. Devine, G. Callaghan, S. A. Guilyardi, E. TI Development and exploitation of a controlled vocabulary in support of climate modelling SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SYSTEM AB There are three key components for developing a metadata system: a container structure laying out the key semantic issues of interest and their relationships; an extensible controlled vocabulary providing possible content; and tools to create and manipulate that content. While metadata systems must allow users to enter their own information, the use of a controlled vocabulary both imposes consistency of definition and ensures comparability of the objects described. Here we describe the controlled vocabulary (CV) and metadata creation tool built by the METAFOR project for use in the context of describing the climate models, simulations and experiments of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The CV and resulting tool chain introduced here is designed for extensibility and reuse and should find applicability in many more projects. C1 [Moine, M. -P.; Valcke, S.] CERFACS CNRS SUC URA 1875, Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Toulouse, France. [Lawrence, B. N.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Pascoe, C.] STFC Rutherford Appleton Lab, Ctr Environm Data Archival, Didcot, Oxon, England. [Ford, R. W.] STFC Daresbury Lab, Warrington, Cheshire, England. [Alias, A.] Meteo France CNRS, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. [Balaji, V.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Balaji, V.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bentley, P.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [Devine, G.; Guilyardi, E.] Univ Reading, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Guilyardi, E.] CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace IPSL, Paris, France. RP Moine, MP (reprint author), CERFACS CNRS SUC URA 1875, Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Toulouse, France. EM marie-pierre.moine@cerfacs.fr RI Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; OI Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Lawrence, Bryan/0000-0001-9262-7860 FU EU [211753, 228203] FX METAFOR was funded by the EU 7th Framework Programme as an e-infrastructure (project #211753). The support of the EU FP7 IS-ENES (project #228203) is also acknowledged. This work benefited significantly from the engagement of other METAFOR members and colleagues from the US Earth System Curator project. We also appreciated guidance from the METAFOR advisory committee, in particular Wilco Hazeleger and Karl Taylor. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 479 EP 493 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-479-2014 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF1BE UT WOS:000334448600002 ER PT J AU Li, Y Gao, Z Li, D Wang, L Wang, H AF Li, Y. Gao, Z. Li, D. Wang, L. Wang, H. TI An improved non-iterative surface layer flux scheme for atmospheric stable stratification conditions SO GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR SIMILARITY FUNCTIONS; OBUKHOV STABILITY PARAMETER; BULK RICHARDSON-NUMBER; AIR-SEA FLUXES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PROFILE RELATIONSHIPS; MODELING SYSTEM; LAND; APPLICABILITY; TEMPERATURE AB Parameterization of turbulent fluxes under stably stratified conditions has always been a challenge. Current surface fluxes calculation schemes either need iterations or suffer low accuracy. In this paper, a non-iterative scheme is proposed to approach the classic iterative computation results using multiple regressions. It can be applied to the full range of roughness status 10 <= z/z(0) <= 10(5) and -0.5 <= log(z(0)/z(0h)) <= 30 under stable conditions 0 < Ri(B) <= 2.5. The maximum ( average) relative errors for the turbulent transfer coefficients for momentum and sensible heat are 12% (1 %) and 9% (1 %), respectively. C1 [Li, Y.; Gao, Z.; Wang, H.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Jiangsu Key Lab Agr Meteorol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Y.; Gao, Z.; Wang, L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Atmospher Boundary Layer Phys & Atm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Y.] City Univ Hong Kong, Sch Energy & Environm, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Li, D.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Gao, Z (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Appl Meteorol, Collaborat Innovat Ctr Forecast & Evaluat Meteoro, Jiangsu Key Lab Agr Meteorol, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM zgao@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012 OI Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012 FU China Meteorological Administration [GYHY201006024]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) [2011CB403501, 2012CB417203, 2010CB428502]; CAS Strategic Priority Research Program [XDA05110101]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275022]; City University of Hong Kong [7004002] FX This study is supported by China Meteorological Administration under grant GYHY201006024, the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973) under grant 2011CB403501, 2012CB417203 and 2010CB428502, the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program grant XDA05110101, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 41275022. The first author (Y. Li) is supported by City University of Hong Kong grant no. 7004002. The authors would like to acknowledge P. A. Jimenez, J. Dudhia, J. F. Gonzalez-Rouco, J. Navarro, J. P. Montavez, E. Garcia-Bustamante, H. Wouters, K. De Ridder and N. P. M. van Lipzig for their two recent papers which made us aware of the deficiency of current surface layer flux schemes. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their careful review and valuable comments, which led to substantial improvement of this manuscript. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 16 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1991-959X EI 1991-9603 J9 GEOSCI MODEL DEV JI Geosci. Model Dev. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 515 EP 529 DI 10.5194/gmd-7-515-2014 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF1BE UT WOS:000334448600004 ER PT J AU Patrone, PN Margetis, D AF Patrone, Paul N. Margetis, Dionisios TI CONNECTION OF KINETIC MONTE CARLO MODEL FOR SURFACES TO ONE-STEP FLOW THEORY IN 1+1 DIMENSIONS SO MULTISCALE MODELING & SIMULATION LA English DT Article DE kinetic Monte Carlo; Burton-Cabrera-Frank theory; low-density approximation; near-equilibrium condition; master equation; maximum principle ID VICINAL SURFACES; EPITAXIAL-GROWTH; CRYSTAL-SURFACES; SI SURFACES; DIFFUSION; ELECTROMIGRATION; EQUILIBRIUM; ADATOMS; MOTION; MBE AB The Burton-Cabrera-Frank (BCF) theory of step flow has been recognized as a valuable tool for describing nanoscale evolution of crystal surfaces. We formally derive a single-step BCF-type model from an atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model of a crystal surface in 1 vertical bar 1 dimensions without external material deposition. Through an averaging procedure, consistent with Boltzmann statistics, we introduce definitions of the continuous quantities of the BCF theory, i.e., the step position and density of adsorbed atoms (adatoms), as expectation values taken over the discrete probabilities of the KMC model. The equations of our BCF-type model describe the time evolution of these expectation values. A central idea of our approach is to exploit the observation that the number of adatoms on a surface is typically small at experimentally relevant temperatures. Accordingly, we (i) show that our BCF-type theory arises from a KMC model in which only one adatom is allowed to move, and (ii) characterize corrections to the theory, which come from correlations between two or more atoms. We derive (via a discrete maximum principle) a criterion on the initial conditions under which such corrections are negligible for all times; this allows us to interpret our BCF-type model as a near-equilibrium theory. Our approach reveals the atomistic origins of the material parameters entering the BCF model. C1 [Patrone, Paul N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Patrone, Paul N.] Univ Maryland, Condensed Matter Theory Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Margetis, Dionisios] Univ Maryland, Ctr Sci Computat & Math Modeling, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Patrone, PN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ppatrone@umd.edu; dio@math.umd.edu FU National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026]; NSF MRSEC [DMR 05-20471]; Condensed Matter Theory Center FX This author's research was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program award 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland, with ancillary support from the NSF MRSEC under grant DMR 05-20471 and the Condensed Matter Theory Center. NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 1540-3459 EI 1540-3467 J9 MULTISCALE MODEL SIM JI Multiscale Model. Simul. PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 364 EP 395 DI 10.1137/13091587X PG 32 WC Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Mathematics; Physics GA AE2ML UT WOS:000333807100015 ER PT J AU Chambers, RC Candelmo, AC Habeck, EA Poach, ME Wieczorek, D Cooper, KR Greenfield, CE Phelan, BA AF Chambers, R. C. Candelmo, A. C. Habeck, E. A. Poach, M. E. Wieczorek, D. Cooper, K. R. Greenfield, C. E. Phelan, B. A. TI Effects of elevated CO2 in the early life stages of summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus, and potential consequences of ocean acidification SO BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MARINE FISH; GROWTH; SIZE; PREDATOR; IMPACTS; HISTORY; ABILITY; SYSTEM; CARBON; PH AB The limited available evidence about effects on marine fishes of high CO2 and associated acidification of oceans suggests that effects will differ across species, be subtle, and may interact with other stressors. This report is on the responses of an array of early life history features of summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus), an ecologically and economically important flatfish of the inshore and nearshore waters of the Mid-Atlantic Bight (USA), to experimental manipulation of CO2 levels. Relative survival of summer flounder embryos in local ambient conditions (775 mu atm pCO(2), 7.8 pH) was reduced to 48% when maintained at intermediate experimental conditions (1808 mu atm pCO(2), 7.5 pH), and to 16% when maintained at the most elevated CO2 treatment (4714 ppm pCO(2), 7.1 pH). This pattern of reduced survival of embryos at high-CO2 levels at constant temperature was consistent among offspring of three females used as experimental subjects. No reduction in survival with CO2 was observed for larvae during the first four weeks of larval life (experiment ended at 28 d post-hatching (dph) when larvae were initiating metamorphosis). Estimates of sizes, shapes, and developmental status of larvae based on images of live larvae showed larvae were initially longer and faster growing when reared at intermediate-and high-CO2 levels. This pattern of longer larvae -but with less energy reserves at hatching -was expressed through the first half of the larval period (14 dph). Larvae from the highest-CO2 conditions initiated metamorphosis at earlier ages and smaller sizes than those from intermediate-and ambient-CO2 conditions. Tissue damage was evident in larvae as early as 7 dph from both elevated-CO2 levels. Damage included dilation of liver sinusoids and veins, focal hyperplasia on the epithelium, and separation of the trunk muscle bundles. Cranio-facial features changed with CO2 levels in an age-dependent manner. Skeletal elements of larvae from ambient-CO2 environments were comparable or smaller than those from elevated-CO2 environments when younger (7 and 14 dph) but were larger at developmental stage at older ages (21 to 28 dph), a result consistent with the accelerated size-development trajectory of larvae at higher-CO2 environments based on analysis of external features. The degree of alterations in the survival, growth, and development of early life stages of summer flounder due to elevated-CO2 levels suggests that this species will be increasingly challenged by future ocean acidification. Further experimental studies on marine fishes and comparative analyses among those studies are warranted in order to identify the species, life stages, ecologies, and responses likely to be most sensitive to increased levels of CO2 and acidity in future ocean waters. A strategy is proposed for achieving these goals. C1 [Chambers, R. C.; Candelmo, A. C.; Habeck, E. A.; Poach, M. E.; Wieczorek, D.; Phelan, B. A.] NOAA, Howard Marine Sci Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Cooper, K. R.; Greenfield, C. E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Chambers, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Howard Marine Sci Lab, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM chris.chambers@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program; NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center; Rutgers University; Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR) FX The contributions to field, laboratory, processing, and support elements of this study by Kathryn Clark, Allison Crawford, Dawn Davis, Kristin Habeck, James Lang, Katie Lynch, Karan Mirchandani, Keith Noonan, Katherine Peluso, Pete Plantamura, Jennifer Samson, Demond Timmons, and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection are greatly appreciated. Thanks to Alex Schreiber and an anonymous referee whose comments substantially improved the manuscript. Financial and logistical support was provided by NOAA's Ocean Acidification Program, NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Rutgers University, and the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR). NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 6 U2 57 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1726-4170 EI 1726-4189 J9 BIOGEOSCIENCES JI Biogeosciences PY 2014 VL 11 IS 6 BP 1613 EP 1626 DI 10.5194/bg-11-1613-2014 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AE6KK UT WOS:000334100900010 ER PT J AU Keller, AA Wakefield, WW Whitmire, CE Horness, BH Bellman, MA Bosley, KL AF Keller, Aimee A. Wakefield, W. Waldo Whitmire, Curt E. Horness, Beth H. Bellman, Marlene A. Bosley, Keith L. TI Distribution of demersal fishes along the US west coast (Canada to Mexico) in relation to spatial fishing closures (2003-2011) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE California Current System; Demersal fishes; Spatial fisheries management; Rockfish Conservation Area ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SNAPPER PAGRUS-AURATUS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; EXPLOITED FISH; PACIFIC COAST; LONG-TERM; RESERVES; MANAGEMENT AB A temporally and spatially variable Rockfish Conservation Area (RCA) was established as a marine protected area along the US west coast in 2002 to protect stocks of rockfishes Sebastes spp. Since the RCA falls within the region sampled annually by the West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey, we utilized data collected from 2003 to 2011 to evaluate whether establishment of the RCA influenced catch per unit effort (CPUE), species richness, and size distribution of demersal fishes. We compared CPUE and species richness among 3 management areas (continuously closed, periodically closed, and open to commercial bottom trawling) using analysis of covariance models that account for variability due to area, year, and depth. The most appropriate models for CPUE (35 species treated individually and aggregated into 6 subgroups) and species richness were selected using Akaike's information criterion. All of the best-fit models were highly significant (p < 0.0001), explaining 3 to 76% of the variation in catch. For 27 species and 5 subgroups, mean CPUE was significantly greater within the area continuously closed to commercial bottom trawling relative to areas periodically closed or open. The most appropriate model for richness included area and year, and mean richness was greatest in the area continuously closed to trawling. Species-specific length composition distributions were calculated from subsampled individual lengths for 31 species. Significant differences in length frequency distributions were observed, with a higher proportion (similar to 65%) of larger fish most often present in areas continuously closed to commercial bottom trawling (20 of 31 species) relative to other areas. Our data suggest that the RCA is an effective management tool for conserving not only rockfishes, but also other demersal fish species. C1 [Keller, Aimee A.; Horness, Beth H.; Bellman, Marlene A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wakefield, W. Waldo; Whitmire, Curt E.; Bosley, Keith L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Keller, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM aimee.keller@noaa.gov NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2014 VL 501 BP 169 EP 190 DI 10.3354/meps10674 PG 22 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AE4NI UT WOS:000333958800013 ER PT J AU Beechie, T Imaki, H AF Beechie, Tim Imaki, Hiroo TI Predicting natural channel patterns based on landscape and geomorphic controls in the Columbia River basin, USA SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE channel pattern; fluvial geomorphology; statistical model; river restoration ID GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; LARGE WOODY DEBRIS; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS; SALMON-HABITAT; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; SEDIMENTARY LINKS; FLUVIAL PROCESSES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PUGET-SOUND; FIELD DATA AB Based on known relationships of slope, discharge, valley confinement, sediment supply, and sediment caliber in controlling channel patterns, we developed multivariate models to predict natural channel patterns across the 674,500 km(2) Columbia River basin, USA. We used readily available geospatial data sets to calculate reach slopes, 2 year flood discharge, and valley confinement, as well as to develop hypothesized landscape-level surrogates for sediment load and caliber (relative slope, percent of drainage area in alpine terrain, and percent of drainage area in erosive fine-grained lithologies). Using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, we found that the four channel patterns were best distinguished by a model including all variables except valley confinement (82% overall accuracy). We then used that model to predict channel pattern for the entire basin and found that the spatial distribution of straight, meandering, anabranching, and braided patterns were consistent with regional topography and geology. A simple slope-discharge model distinguished meandering channels from all other channel patterns, but did not clearly distinguish braided from straight channels (68% overall accuracy). Addition of one or more of the hypothesized sediment supply surrogates improved prediction accuracy by 4-14% over slope and discharge alone. Braided and straight channels were most clearly distinguished on an axis of relative slope, whereas braided and anabranching channels were most clearly distinguished by adding percent alpine area to the model. C1 [Beechie, Tim; Imaki, Hiroo] NOAA Fisheries, Watershed Program, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Beechie, T (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Watershed Program, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov NR 108 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 EI 1944-7973 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 39 EP 57 DI 10.1002/2013WR013629 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AB4ZN UT WOS:000331798800004 ER PT J AU Senko, J Mancini, A Seminoff, JA Koch, V AF Senko, Jesse Mancini, Agnese Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Koch, Volker TI Bycatch and directed harvest drive high green turtle mortality at Baja California Sur, Mexico SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Mortality; Green sea turtle; Poaching; Wildmeat; Consumption; Bycatch; Small-scale fisheries; Strandings; Marine megafauna ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; GILL-NET FISHERIES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; BAHIA MAGDALENA; FORAGING AREA; SEA-TURTLES; STRANDINGS; SCALE; CONSERVATION AB Evaluating mortality of rare marine megafauna is crucial for conservation planning, but logistically difficult to undertake at sea. From 2006 to 2008 we assessed mortality of endangered green turtles (Chelonia mydas) through surveys of beaches and town dumps for stranded and discarded carcasses at nine index sites along the coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico (BCS). We found a total of 778 carcasses, 93% of which were immature. Mortality rates ranged from 0.05 to 9.20 carcasses km(-1) year(-1) at beaches and 2.84 to 66.75 carcasses year(-1) at dumps. All carcasses found at dumps (N = 339) were attributed to human consumption, whereas cause of death at beaches was largely unknown (62%), followed by bycatch (30%), and consumption (8%). Over two thirds of total mortality resulted from consumption (48%) and bycatch (20%), and turtles that died from these causes were significantly larger than those that died from unknown reasons. The majority of carcasses at beaches (69%) and dumps (57%) were found during summer months when small-scale gillnet fisheries operate, including 99% of identified bycatch mortality. Three hotspots accounted for 77% of all mortality, which was disproportionately high (40% of total mortality) at one site where mass-bycatch/stranding events occurred annually. Our results demonstrate that many green turtles are being killed from bycatch and directed harvest at BCS despite over two decades of federal protection; thus, highlighting the need to mitigate these threats at mortality hotspots. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Senko, Jesse] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Mancini, Agnese] Univ Autonoma Baja California Sur, Dept Marine Biol, La Paz, Baja California, Mexico. [Mancini, Agnese] Boomerang Earth Conservat, Antony, France. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Koch, Volker] Invest Conservac & Desarollo INCODE AC, La Paz 23080, Mexico. [Koch, Volker] Leibniz Ctr Trop Marine Ecol ZMT, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Senko, J (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM jesse.senko@gmail.com RI Koch, Volker/J-1587-2012 FU Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologias (CONACyT) [SEMARNAT-2004-C01-277]; Rufford Small Grants for Conservation FX This study was funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologias (CONACyT) Grant SEMARNAT-2004-C01-277 and AM was supported by a Rufford Small Grants for Conservation. All research activities were authorized by the Secretaria para el Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales (SEMARNAT) (Permits No. SGPA/DGVS/03846, SGPA/DGVS/03944/07, SGPA/DGVS/03816/08). We are grateful for the tireless work of Grupo Tortuguero and all its members. In particular, we thank Ranulfo Mayoral, Julio Solis, Victor De La Toba, Don "Chuy" Lucero, the team at Reserva De La Biosfera de Vizcaino, and the team of Exportadora de Sal (Guerrero Negro). We also thank the Earthwatch team, including William Megill, Fred Senko, Robert Templeton, Amee Lewis, and all the volunteers for helping collect and record data. We thank Easton White, Robert Wildermuth, May Bogges, and one anonymous reviewer for helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 169 BP 24 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.017 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD9GX UT WOS:000333574400004 ER PT J AU Ripple, WJ Smith, P Haberl, H Montzka, SA McAlpine, C Boucher, DH AF Ripple, William J. Smith, Pete Haberl, Helmut Montzka, Stephen A. McAlpine, Clive Boucher, Douglas H. TI COMMENTARY: Ruminants, climate change and climate policy SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID VEGETARIAN DIETS C1 [Ripple, William J.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Smith, Pete] Univ Aberdeen, Scottish Food Secur Alliance Crops, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Smith, Pete] Univ Aberdeen, Inst Biol & Environm Sci, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, Scotland. [Haberl, Helmut] Alpen Adria Univ Klagenfurt, Inst Social Ecol Vienna, A-1070 Vienna, Austria. [Haberl, Helmut] Humboldt Univ, Integrat Res Inst Transformat Human Environm Syst, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. [Montzka, Stephen A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McAlpine, Clive] Univ Queensland, Sch Geog Planning & Environm Management, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Boucher, Douglas H.] Union Concerned Scientists, Trop Forest & Climate Initiat, Washington, DC 20006 USA. RP Ripple, WJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Ecosyst & Soc, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM bill.ripple@oregonstate.edu RI Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; Haberl, Helmut/G-3679-2013 OI Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; Haberl, Helmut/0000-0003-2104-5446 NR 15 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 8 U2 54 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 2 EP 5 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE0OW UT WOS:000333666600003 ER PT J AU Overland, JE AF Overland, James E. TI ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Long-range linkage SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Editorial Material ID WEATHER C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE0OW UT WOS:000333666600007 ER PT J AU Frolicher, TL Winton, M Sarmiento, JL AF Froelicher, Thomas Lukas Winton, Michael Sarmiento, Jorge Louis TI Continued global warming after CO2 emissions stoppage SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CUMULATIVE CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PART I; FORMULATION; MODELS AB Recent studies have suggested that global mean surface temperature would remain approximately constant on multi-century timescales after CO2 emissions(1-9) are stopped. Here we use Earth system model simulations of such a stoppage to demonstrate that in some models, surface temperature may actually increase on multi-century timescales after an initial century-long decrease. This occurs in spite of a decline in radiative forcing that exceeds the decline in ocean heat uptake-a circumstance that would otherwise be expected to lead to a decline in global temperature. The reason is that the warming effect of decreasing ocean heat uptake together with feedback effects arising in response to the geographic structure of ocean heat uptake(10-12) overcompensates the cooling effect of decreasing atmospheric CO2 on multi-century timescales. Our study also reveals that equilibrium climate sensitivity estimates based on a widely used method of regressing the Earth's energy imbalance against surface temperature change(13,14) are biased. Uncertainty in the magnitude of the feedback effects associated with the magnitude and geographic distribution of ocean heat uptake therefore contributes substantially to the uncertainty in allowable carbon emissions for a given multi-century warming target. C1 [Froelicher, Thomas Lukas] ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Froelicher, Thomas Lukas; Sarmiento, Jorge Louis] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Winton, Michael] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Frolicher, TL (reprint author), ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM thomas.froelicher@usys.ethz.ch RI Frolicher, Thomas/E-5137-2015 OI Frolicher, Thomas/0000-0003-2348-7854 FU SNSF (Ambizione) [PZ00P2_142573]; Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University; BP FX We thank D. Paynter, T. Merlis, K. Rodgers, J. Dunne and N. Gruber for useful discussions and comments. We also thank B. L. Samuels for conducting the GFDL ESM2M simulations and R. Roth for help with the impulse response function calculations. Simulations with the NCAR CSM1 were carried out at the University of Bern, Switzerland. T. L. F. acknowledges financial support from the SNSF (Ambizione grant PZ00P2_142573). J. L. S. was supported by the Carbon Mitigation Initiative (CMI) project at Princeton University, sponsored by BP. NR 29 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 6 U2 28 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 4 IS 1 BP 40 EP 44 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2060 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE0OW UT WOS:000333666600014 ER PT J AU Gurnon, AK Lopez-Barron, CR Eberle, APR Porcar, L Wagner, NJ AF Gurnon, A. Kate Lopez-Barron, Carlos R. Eberle, Aaron P. R. Porcar, Lionel Wagner, Norman J. TI Spatiotemporal stress and structure evolution in dynamically sheared polymer-like micellar solutions SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID AMPLITUDE OSCILLATORY SHEAR; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; WORMLIKE MICELLES; FLOW; RHEOLOGY; TRANSITIONS; SURFACTANT; LAOS; FLUCTUATIONS; FLUIDS AB The complex, nonlinear flow behavior of soft materials transcends industrial applications, smart material design and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. A long-standing, fundamental challenge in soft-matter science is establishing a quantitative connection between the deformation field, local microstructure and macroscopic dynamic flow properties i.e., the rheology. Here, a new experimental method is developed using simultaneous small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and nonlinear oscillatory shear rheometry to investigate the spatiotemporal microstructure evolution of a polymer-like micellar (PLM) solution. We demonstrate the novelty of nonlinear oscillatory shear experimental methods to create and interrogate metastable material states. These include a precursory state to the shear banded condition as well as a disentangled, low viscosity state with an inhomogeneous supra-molecular microstructure flowing at high shear rates. This new experimental evidence provides insight into the complexities of the shear banding phenomenon often observed in sheared complex fluids and provides valuable data for quantitatively testing non-equilibrium theory. C1 [Gurnon, A. Kate; Lopez-Barron, Carlos R.; Eberle, Aaron P. R.; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Eberle, Aaron P. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Wagner, NJ (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X FU NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6178, 70NANB10H256] FX This manuscript was prepared under cooperative agreements 70NANB7H6178, 70NANB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce. Additional data available in the ESI include movies of the SANS and SALS experiments. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 46 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2014 VL 10 IS 16 BP 2889 EP 2898 DI 10.1039/c3sm53113a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA AD8OA UT WOS:000333524300019 PM 24668232 ER PT J AU Narapusetty, B Stan, C Kumar, A AF Narapusetty, Balachandrudu Stan, Cristiana Kumar, Arun TI Bias correction methods for decadal sea-surface temperature forecasts SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bias correction for decadal forecasts; CMIP5 decadal forecasts; CFSv2; decadal forecast skill; model drift on decadal scale ID PREDICTION; ENSEMBLE; PREDICTABILITY; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; MODELS; SYSTEM; SKILL AB Two traditional bias correction techniques: (1) systematic mean correction (SMC) and (2) systematic least-squares correction (SLC) are extended and applied on sea-surface temperature (SST) decadal forecasts in the North Pacific produced by Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) to reduce large systematic biases. The bias-corrected forecast anomalies exhibit reduced root-mean-square errors and also significantly improve the anomaly correlations with observations. The spatial pattern of the SST anomalies associated with the Pacific area average (PAA) index (spatial average of SST anomalies over 20 degrees-60 degrees N and 120 degrees E-100 degrees W) is improved after employing the bias correction methods, particularly SMC. Reliability diagrams show that the bias-corrected forecasts better reproduce the cold and warm events well beyond the 5-yr lead-times over the 10 forecasted years. The comparison between both correction methods indicates that: (1) prediction skill of SST anomalies associated with the PAA index is improved by SMC with respect to SLC and (2) SMC-derived forecasts have a slightly higher reliability than those corrected by SLC. C1 [Narapusetty, Balachandrudu; Stan, Cristiana] George Mason Univ, IGES, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Stan, Cristiana] George Mason Univ, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, College Pk, MD USA. RP Narapusetty, B (reprint author), George Mason Univ, IGES, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM bala@cola.iges.org RI Stan, Cristiana/B-4376-2009 OI Stan, Cristiana/0000-0002-0076-0574 FU NOAA grant [NA09OAR 4310137] FX This research was funded by NOAA grant NA09OAR 4310137. We gratefully acknowledge National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) for the CFS v2 model made available to COLA. We also acknowledge S. Saha of EMC/NCEP/NWS/NOAA for making the CFS v2 forecasts available to us. We thank Dr. Tim DelSole of GMU/COLA for helpful discussions. We particularly wish to thank W. Lapenta and L. Uccellini for enabling the collaborative activities. NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PY 2014 VL 66 AR 23681 DI 10.3402/tellusa.v66.23681 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AE0WB UT WOS:000333685900001 ER PT J AU Bui, V Ko, SH Choi, HS AF Bui, Van-Tien Ko, Seung Hyeon Choi, Ho-Suk TI A surfactant-free bio-compatible film with a highly ordered honeycomb pattern fabricated via an improved phase separation method SO CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS; ACID); ASSEMBLIES; SCAFFOLDS AB Thin films of bio-compatible poly(lactic acid) with highly ordered hexagonal patterns were successfully fabricated under normal ambient conditions without using any surfactant via an improved phase separation method. The patterned surface was successfully applied to fabricate silicon/copper dome-patterned electrodes for high-performance hybrid capacitors. C1 [Bui, Van-Tien; Choi, Ho-Suk] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Taejon 305764, South Korea. [Ko, Seung Hyeon] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, HS (reprint author), Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Chem Engn, 220 Gung Dong, Taejon 305764, South Korea. EM hchoi@cnu.ac.kr OI Choi, Ho-Suk/0000-0001-8156-2934 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 23 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1359-7345 EI 1364-548X J9 CHEM COMMUN JI Chem. Commun. PY 2014 VL 50 IS 29 BP 3817 EP 3819 DI 10.1039/c3cc48654k PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AD2BE UT WOS:000333037000012 PM 24592398 ER PT J AU Bordikar, MR Scales, WA Mahmoudian, A Kim, H Bernhardt, PA Redmon, R Samimi, AR Brizcinski, S McCarrick, MJ AF Bordikar, M. R. Scales, W. A. Mahmoudian, A. Kim, H. Bernhardt, P. A. Redmon, R. Samimi, A. R. Brizcinski, S. McCarrick, M. J. TI Impact of active geomagnetic conditions on stimulated radiation during ionospheric second electron gyroharmonic heating SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ionospheric modification; active experiments; proton precipitation; parametric decay instability; SEE ID STANDING WAVE PATTERN; HF RADIO-WAVES; ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS; REFLECTION REGION; FREQUENCY; PLASMA; INSTABILITIES; ABSORPTION; SPECTRUM; AURORA AB Recently, narrowband emissions ordered near the H+ (proton) gyrofrequency (f(cH)) were reported in the stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) spectrum during active geomagnetic conditions. This work presents new observations and theoretical analysis of these recently discovered emissions. These emission lines are observed in the stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) spectrum when the transmitter is tuned near the second electron gyroharmonic frequency (2f(ce)) during recent ionospheric modification experiments at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research (HAARP) facility near Gakona, Alaska. The spectral lines are typically shifted below and above the pump wave frequency by harmonics of a frequency roughly 10% less than f(cH) (approximate to 800 Hz) with a narrow emission bandwidth less than the O+ gyrofrequency (approximate to 50 Hz). However, new observations and analysis of emission lines ordered by a frequency approximately 10% greater than f(cH) are presented here for the first time as well. The interaction altitude for the heating for all the observations is in the range of 160 km up to 200 km. As described previously, proton precipitation due to active geomagnetic conditions is considered as the reason for the presence of H+ ions known to be a minor background constituent in this altitude region. DMSP satellite observations over HAARP during the heating experiments and ground-based magnetometer and riometer data validate active geomagnetic conditions. The theory of parametric decay instability in multi-ion component plasma including H+ ions as a minority species described in previous work is expanded in light of simultaneously observed preexisting SEE features to interpret the newly reported observations. Impact of active geomagnetic conditions on the SEE spectrum as a diagnostic tool for proton precipitation event characterization is discussed. Key Points Comprehensive observations of new H+ (proton)-related SEE features Active geomagnetic conditions imply proton precipitation plays a key role Theory suggests PDI involving multi-component ion wave modes at UH layer C1 [Bordikar, M. R.; Scales, W. A.; Mahmoudian, A.; Kim, H.; Samimi, A. R.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Bernhardt, P. A.; Brizcinski, S.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC USA. [Redmon, R.] NOAA NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. [McCarrick, M. J.] Marsh Creek LLC, Gakona, AK USA. RP Bordikar, MR (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Bradley Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM maitrayee@vt.edu FU National Science Foundation FX The authors would like to thank R. Clauer for useful discussions. This work was supported by National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 548 EP 565 DI 10.1002/2013JA019367 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AD1YC UT WOS:000333028600046 ER PT J AU Reyes, DR Folch, A Minhas, H Gaitan, M AF Reyes, Darwin R. Folch, Albert Minhas, Harp Gaitan, Michael TI The Art in Science of MicroTAS: the 2013 edition SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Editorial Material AB The 6th annual mu TAS Art in Science Award was presented to Ye Wang of Eindhoven University of Technology at the 17th International Conference of Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences held in Freiburg, Germany, on October 27-31, 2013. The winning image captivated the hearts and minds of the judges and is featured on the front cover of this issue. "Artificial Life", as the author of the work that produced this image named it, was taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and shows cilia-like structures (or "microhairs") generated from PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) and magnetic nanoparticles (Y. Wang, Y. Gao, H. M. Wyss, P. D. Anderson and J. M. J. den Toonder, "Out of Cleanroom, Self-assembled Magnetic Artificial Cilia", micro-TAS, 2013, 787-789). To produce the structure the author used a glass mold produced by femtolaser modification and hydrofluoric acid etching. As the title implies, the features produced by this procedure resemble cilia-like structures as seen in a number of eukaryotic cells. C1 [Reyes, Darwin R.; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Folch, Albert] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Minhas, Harp] Royal Soc Chem, Cambridge, England. RP Reyes, DR (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 20 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 EI 1473-0189 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2014 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1389 EP 1390 DI 10.1039/c4lc90017k PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD2UC UT WOS:000333089900001 PM 24615301 ER PT J AU Mizrahi, J Neyenhuis, B Johnson, KG Campbell, WC Senko, C Hayes, D Monroe, C AF Mizrahi, J. Neyenhuis, B. Johnson, K. G. Campbell, W. C. Senko, C. Hayes, D. Monroe, C. TI Quantum control of qubits and atomic motion using ultrafast laser pulses SO APPLIED PHYSICS B-LASERS AND OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; MULTIPARTICLE ENTANGLEMENT; STATES; EXCITATION; SIMULATOR; COHERENT; SYSTEM; PHASE; LIGHT AB Pulsed lasers offer significant advantages over continuous wave (CW) lasers in the coherent control of qubits. Here we review the theoretical and experimental aspects of controlling the internal and external states of individual trapped atoms with pulse trains. Two distinct regimes of laser intensity are identified. When the pulses are sufficiently weak that the Rabi frequency X is much smaller than the trap frequency omega(trap), sideband transitions can be addressed and atom-atom entanglement can be accomplished in much the same way as with CW lasers. By contrast, if the pulses are very strong Omega >> omega(trap), impulsive spin-dependent kicks can be combined to create entangling gates which are much faster than a trap period. These fast entangling gates should work outside of the Lamb-Dicke regime and be insensitive to thermal atomic motion. C1 [Mizrahi, J.; Neyenhuis, B.; Johnson, K. G.; Senko, C.; Hayes, D.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mizrahi, J.; Neyenhuis, B.; Johnson, K. G.; Senko, C.; Hayes, D.; Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Campbell, W. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Mizrahi, J (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mizrahi.jonathan@gmail.com RI Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 FU US Army Research Office; DARPA OLE program; IARPA; MURI program; NSF PIF Program; NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; European Commission AQ-UTE program FX This work is supported by grants from the US Army Research Office with funding from the DARPA OLE program, IARPA, and the MURI program; the NSF PIF Program; the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI; and the European Commission AQ-UTE program. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0946-2171 EI 1432-0649 J9 APPL PHYS B-LASERS O JI Appl. Phys. B-Lasers Opt. PD JAN PY 2014 VL 114 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 61 DI 10.1007/s00340-013-5717-6 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AC9JO UT WOS:000332850800007 ER PT J AU Hagen, CL Lee, BC Franka, IS Rath, JL VandenBoer, TC Roberts, JM Brown, SS Yalin, AP AF Hagen, C. L. Lee, B. C. Franka, I. S. Rath, J. L. VandenBoer, T. C. Roberts, J. M. Brown, S. S. Yalin, A. P. TI Cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensor for detection of hydrogen chloride SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ABSORPTION SPECTROMETER ALIAS; SEA-SALT AEROSOL; NI-PT-CIMS; REACTIVE CHLORINE; STRATOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS INVENTORY; GLOBAL EMISSIONS; OZONE DEPLETION; HCL AB A laser-based cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) sensor for measurement of hydrogen chloride (HCl) has been developed and characterized. The instrument uses light from a distributed-feedback diode laser at 1742 nm coupled to a high finesse optical cavity to make sensitive and quantifiable concentration measurements of HCl based on optical absorption. The instrument has a (1 sigma) limit of detection of <20 pptv in 1 min and has high specificity to HCl. The measurement response time to changes in input HCl concentration is <15 s. Validation studies with a previously calibrated permeation tube setup show an accuracy of better than 10%. The CRDS sensor was preliminarily tested in the field with two other HCl instruments (mist chamber and chemical ionization mass spectrometry), all of which were in broad agreement. The mist chamber and CRDS sensors both showed a 400 pptv plume within 50 pptv agreement. The sensor also allows simultaneous sensitive measurements of water and methane, and minimal hardware modification would allow detection of other near-infrared absorbers. C1 [Hagen, C. L.; Franka, I. S.; Rath, J. L.; Yalin, A. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lee, B. C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Roberts, J. M.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [VandenBoer, T. C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Dept Chem, St John, NF A1B 3X7, Canada. RP Yalin, AP (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ayalin@engr.colostate.edu RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; FU National Science Foundation [0948015] FX The authors acknowledge A. A. P. Pszenny and W. C. Keene for their permission to present data from their mist chamber ion-chromatography instrument. Finally, the authors also acknowledge funding support from the National Science Foundation (Award Number: 0948015). NR 49 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 345 EP 357 DI 10.5194/amt-7-345-2014 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC3AF UT WOS:000332386700001 ER PT J AU Hall, BD Engel, A Muhle, J Elkins, JW Artuso, F Atlas, E Aydin, M Blake, D Brunke, EG Chiavarini, S Fraser, PJ Happell, J Krummel, PB Levin, I Loewenstein, M Maione, M Montzka, SA O'Doherty, S Reimann, S Rhoderick, G Saltzman, ES Scheel, HE Steele, LP Vollmer, MK Weiss, RF Worthy, D Yokouchi, Y AF Hall, B. D. Engel, A. Muehle, J. Elkins, J. W. Artuso, F. Atlas, E. Aydin, M. Blake, D. Brunke, E. -G. Chiavarini, S. Fraser, P. J. Happell, J. Krummel, P. B. Levin, I. Loewenstein, M. Maione, M. Montzka, S. A. O'Doherty, S. Reimann, S. Rhoderick, G. Saltzman, E. S. Scheel, H. E. Steele, L. P. Vollmer, M. K. Weiss, R. F. Worthy, D. Yokouchi, Y. TI Results from the International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE) SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; NITROUS-OXIDE; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; AMBIENT AIR; DRY AIR; GASES; CH4; STRATOSPHERE; CALIBRATION; TROPOSPHERE AB The International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE) was conducted to document relationships between calibration scales among various laboratories that measure atmospheric greenhouse and ozone depleting gases. This study included trace gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), as well as nitrous oxide, methane, sulfur hexafluoride, very short-lived halocompounds, and carbonyl sulfide. Many of these gases are present in the unpolluted atmosphere at pmol mol(-1) (parts per trillion) or nmol mol(-1) (parts per billion) levels. Six stainless steel cylinders containing natural and modified natural air samples were circulated among 19 laboratories. Results from this experiment reveal relatively good agreement (within a few percent) among commonly used calibration scales. Scale relationships for some gases, such as CFC-12 and CCl4, were found to be consistent with those derived from estimates of global mean mole fractions, while others, such as halon-1211 and CH3Br, revealed discrepancies. The transfer of calibration scales among laboratories was problematic in many cases, meaning that measurements tied to a particular scale may not, in fact, be compatible. Large scale transfer errors were observed for CH3CCl3 (10-100 %) and CCl4 (2-30 %), while much smaller scale transfer errors (< 1 %) were observed for halon-1211, HCFC-22, and HCFC-142b. These results reveal substantial improvements in calibration over previous comparisons. However, there is room for improvement in communication and coordination of calibration activities with respect to the measurement of halogenated and related trace gases. C1 [Hall, B. D.; Elkins, J. W.; Montzka, S. A.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Engel, A.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany. [Muehle, J.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Artuso, F.; Chiavarini, S.] ENEA, Rome, Italy. [Atlas, E.; Happell, J.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Aydin, M.; Blake, D.; Saltzman, E. S.] Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. [Brunke, E. -G.] South African Weather Serv, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Fraser, P. J.; Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. [Levin, I.] Heidelberg Univ, Heidelberg, Germany. [Loewenstein, M.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Maione, M.] Univ Urbino, I-61029 Urbino, Italy. [O'Doherty, S.] Univ Bristol, Bristol, Avon, England. [Reimann, S.; Vollmer, M. K.] Empa, Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Rhoderick, G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Worthy, D.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Yokouchi, Y.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Scheel, H. E.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. RP Hall, BD (reprint author), NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bradley.hall@noaa.gov RI Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Reimann, Stefan/A-2327-2009; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014 OI Reimann, Stefan/0000-0002-9885-7138; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935 FU NASA; NOAA; WMO/GAW; Australian Bureau of Meteorology; CSIRO is thanked for its long-term support of the Global Atmospheric Sampling LABoratory (GASLAB) FX Funding for this experiment was provided by NASA (Upper Atmospheric Research Program, Mike Kurylo), NOAA (Atmospheric Chemistry, Carbon Cycle, and Climate program (AC4)), and the WMO. Len Barrie and Oksana Tarasova (WMO/GAW) provided administrative support. Adrian Tuck (formerly with NOAA) served as a data referee. The late Laurie Porter is thanked for performing all of the IHALACE analyses at Cape Grim on the AGAGE instruments and for the initial data analysis. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology is thanked for its long-term funding and management of the Cape Grim Baseline Air Pollution station, and CSIRO is thanked for its long-term support of the Global Atmospheric Sampling LABoratory (GASLAB). We also thank Carolina Siso (NOAA) for performing the analysis. NR 48 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 469 EP 490 DI 10.5194/amt-7-469-2014 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC3AF UT WOS:000332386700009 ER PT J AU Andrews, AE Kofler, JD Trudeau, ME Williams, JC Neff, DH Masarie, KA Chao, DY Kitzis, DR Novelli, PC Zhao, CL Dlugokencky, EJ Lang, PM Crotwell, MJ Fischer, ML Parker, MJ Lee, JT Baumann, DD Desai, AR Stanier, CO De Wekker, SFJ Wolfe, DE Munger, JW Tans, PP AF Andrews, A. E. Kofler, J. D. Trudeau, M. E. Williams, J. C. Neff, D. H. Masarie, K. A. Chao, D. Y. Kitzis, D. R. Novelli, P. C. Zhao, C. L. Dlugokencky, E. J. Lang, P. M. Crotwell, M. J. Fischer, M. L. Parker, M. J. Lee, J. T. Baumann, D. D. Desai, A. R. Stanier, C. O. De Wekker, S. F. J. Wolfe, D. E. Munger, J. W. Tans, P. P. TI CO2, CO, and CH4 measurements from tall towers in the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network: instrumentation, uncertainty analysis, and recommendations for future high-accuracy greenhouse gas monitoring efforts SO ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MOLE FRACTIONS; AIR; SCALE; SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSION; ANALYZER; METHANE; DESIGN AB A reliable and precise in situ CO2 and CO analysis system has been developed and deployed at eight sites in the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's (ESRL) Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network. The network uses very tall (> 300 m) television and radio transmitter towers that provide a convenient platform for mid-boundary-layer trace-gas sampling. Each analyzer has three sample inlets for profile sampling, and a complete vertical profile is obtained every 15 min. The instrument suite at one site has been augmented with a cavity ring-down spectrometer for measuring CO2 and CH4. The long-term stability of the systems in the field is typically better than 0.1 ppm for CO2, 6 ppb for CO, and 0.5 ppb for CH4, as determined from repeated standard gas measurements. The instrumentation is fully automated and includes sensors for measuring a variety of status parameters, such as temperatures, pressures, and flow rates, that are inputs for automated alerts and quality control algorithms. Detailed and time-dependent uncertainty estimates have been constructed for all of the gases, and the uncertainty framework could be readily adapted to other species or analysis systems. The design emphasizes use of off-theshelf parts and modularity to facilitate network operations and ease of maintenance. The systems report high-quality data with > 93% uptime. Recurrent problems and limitations of the current system are discussed along with general recommendations for high-accuracy trace-gas monitoring. The network is a key component of the North American Carbon Program and a useful model for future research-grade operational greenhouse gas monitoring efforts. C1 [Andrews, A. E.; Kofler, J. D.; Trudeau, M. E.; Williams, J. C.; Neff, D. H.; Masarie, K. A.; Chao, D. Y.; Kitzis, D. R.; Novelli, P. C.; Zhao, C. L.; Dlugokencky, E. J.; Lang, P. M.; Crotwell, M. J.; Wolfe, D. E.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kofler, J. D.; Trudeau, M. E.; Neff, D. H.; Chao, D. Y.; Kitzis, D. R.; Zhao, C. L.; Crotwell, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Trudeau, M. E.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Williams, J. C.] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Fischer, M. L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Environm Energy Technol Div, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Crotwell, M. J.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC USA. [Crotwell, M. J.] Savannah River Nucl Solut LLC, Aiken, SC USA. [Lee, J. T.] Univ Maine, Sch Forestry, Ctr Res Sustainable Forestry, Orono, ME USA. [Baumann, D. D.] US Forest Serv, Inst Appl Ecosyst Studies, No Res Stn, Rhinelander, WI USA. [Desai, A. R.] Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Dept, Madison, WI USA. [Stanier, C. O.] Univ Iowa, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [De Wekker, S. F. J.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Munger, J. W.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Andrews, AE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM arlyn.andrews@noaa.gov RI Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Desai, Ankur/A-5899-2008; Stanier, Charles/D-4307-2016; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Desai, Ankur/0000-0002-5226-6041; Stanier, Charles/0000-0001-9924-0853; Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 FU WKT with cooperation from the Blackland Research and Extension Center; WBI has been provided by students from the University of Iowa; NASA Iowa Space Grant Consortium; National Science Foundation Biocomplexity in the Environment Program [ATM-0221850]; DOE Office of Science-Terrestrial Carbon Processes program [DE-AC09-08SR22470]; LLC [DE-AC09-08SR22470]; US Department of Energy; California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [DEB-0845166] FX We thank Peter Bakwin for valuable advice based on his experiences as lead scientist for the NOAA tall tower network. Aris Legoretta and David (Zim) Sherman contributed to design and testing of the CO2/CO system. Ron Teclaw helped to establish the LEF site and assisted with operations for more than a decade. Ranjan Muttiah, Joaquin Sanabria, and Onyango Okello provided support at WKT with cooperation from the Blackland Research and Extension Center. Local support at WBI has been provided by students from the University of Iowa, including Alicia Pettibone, Adam Beranek-Collins, Jameson Schoenfelder, Alex Bender, Robert Bullard, Ben Behrendt, and Andrew Hesselink, several of whom were sponsored by the NASA Iowa Space Grant Consortium. Site support at SNP has been provided by Temple Lee. Sonja Wolter, Jack Higgs, Doug Guenther, and Kelly Sours have contributed substantially to tower PFP sampling efforts. Colm Sweeney, Anna Karion, Huilin Chen, and Tim Newberger loaned Picarro CRDS analyzers for testing and provided advice particularly regarding installation and calibration of Picarro analyzers, uncertainty estimation, and PFP comparisons. Jeff Peischl and Tom Ryerson contributed data and results from comparisons with the NOAA P-3 CO2 analyzer. Scott Richardson and Tasha Miles carried out and analyzed data from the WBI CRDS comparison. Installation of equipment at AMT was made possible by a grant from the National Science Foundation Biocomplexity in the Environment Program (ATM-0221850). We thank Verizon Wireless for continuing support at AMT and Steve Wofsy and David Hollinger for assistance with establishing the AMT site. Installation of equipment at SCT was accomplished with funding provided by the DOE Office of Science-Terrestrial Carbon Processes program and performed under contract no. DE-AC09-08SR22470. The Savannah River National Laboratory is operated by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 with the US Department of Energy. Roger Strand and others at Wisconsin Public Television have facilitated installation and maintenance of equipment at LEF. Deployment and operation of the Picarro analyzer at WGC is collaboration between NOAA ESRL and LBNL and has been supported by the California Energy Commission (CEC) Public Interest Environmental Research Program and the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the US Department of Energy under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. Ankur Desai's work at LEF has been supported by NSF grant no. DEB-0845166. Anna Karion, Huilin Chen, Colm Sweeney, Andrew Crotwell, and two anonymous reviewers provided many helpful suggestions for improving the paper. Referee # 1 provided an especially thorough review that motivated additional testing of our analytical system and more careful description of the uncertainty framework. NR 50 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 7 U2 59 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1867-1381 EI 1867-8548 J9 ATMOS MEAS TECH JI Atmos. Meas. Tech. PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 647 EP 687 DI 10.5194/amt-7-647-2014 PG 41 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC3AF UT WOS:000332386700021 ER EF