FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lyman, JM Johnson, GC AF Lyman, John M. Johnson, Gregory C. TI Estimating Global Ocean Heat Content Changes in the Upper 1800 m since 1950 and the Influence of Climatology Choice SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate change; Climate variability; Statistical techniques; In situ oceanic observations; Climate records ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH DATA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ARGO PROGRAM; TEMPERATURE; ANOMALIES; OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; IMPACT AB Ocean heat content anomalies are analyzed from 1950 to 2011 in five distinct depth layers (0-100, 100-300, 300-700, 700-900, and 900-1800 m). These layers correspond to historic increases in common maximum sampling depths of ocean temperature measurements with time, as different instruments-mechanical bathythermograph (MBT), shallow expendable bathythermograph (XBT), deep XBT, early sometimes shallower Argo profiling floats, and recent Argo floats capable of worldwide sampling to 2000 m-have come into widespread use. This vertical separation of maps allows computation of annual ocean heat content anomalies and their sampling uncertainties back to 1950 while taking account of in situ sampling advances and changing sampling patterns. The 0-100-m layer is measured over 50% of the globe annually starting in 1956, the 100-300-m layer starting in 1967, the 300-700-m layer starting in 1983, and the deepest two layers considered here starting in 2003 and 2004, during the implementation of Argo. Furthermore, global ocean heat uptake estimates since 1950 depend strongly on assumptions made concerning changes in undersampled or unsampled ocean regions. If unsampled areas are assumed to have zero anomalies and are included in the global integrals, the choice of climatological reference from which anomalies are estimated can strongly influence the global integral values and their trend: the sparser the sampling and the bigger the mean difference between climatological and actual values, the larger the influence. C1 [Lyman, John M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Lyman, John M.; Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lyman, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM john.lyman@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 FU CNES [EVK2-CT2001-00117]; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research FX Altimeter products used herein were produced by SSALTO/DUACS as part of the Environment and Climate EU Enact project (EVK2-CT2001-00117) and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES. The bulk of the in situ data used herein was provided by the Hadley Centre (www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs). Float data were collected and made freely available by the Argo Program (of the Global Ocean Observing System) and contributing national programs (http://www.argo.net/). Comments of three anonymous reviewers improved the manuscript. Nicholas Lewis pointed out an error in the accepted version as well. The NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research provided support for this research. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 41 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1945 EP 1957 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00752.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB3KO UT WOS:000331689900006 ER PT J AU Quan, XW Hoerling, MP Perlwitz, J Diaz, HF Xu, TY AF Quan, Xiao-Wei Hoerling, Martin P. Perlwitz, Judith Diaz, Henry F. Xu, Taiyi TI How Fast Are the Tropics Expanding? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Forcing; Climate models; Trends; Ozone; Hadley circulation; Moisture/moisture budget ID HADLEY CIRCULATION; POLEWARD EXPANSION; REANALYSES; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; CMIP5; ERA AB Diagnosing the sensitivity of the tropical belt provides one framework for understanding how global precipitation patterns may change in a warming world. This paper seeks to understand boreal winter rates of subtropical dry zone expansion since 1979, and explores physical mechanisms. Various reanalysis estimates based on the latitude where zonal mean precipitation P exceeds evaporation E and the zero crossing latitude for the zonal mean meridional streamfunction () yield tropical width expansion rates in each hemisphere ranging from near zero to over 1 degrees latitude decade(-1). Comparisons with 30-yr trends computed from unforced climate model simulations indicate that the range among reanalyses is nearly an order of magnitude greater than the standard deviation of internal climate variability. Furthermore, comparisons with forced climate models indicate that this range is an order of magnitude greater than the forced change signal since 1979. Rapid widening rates during 1979-2009 derived from some reanalyses are thus viewed to be unreliable. The intercomparison of models and reanalyses supports the prevailing view of a tropical widening, but the forced component of tropical widening has likely been only about 0.1 degrees-0.2 degrees latitude decade(-1), considerably less than has generally been assumed based on inferences drawn from observations and reanalyses. Climate model diagnosis indicates that the principal mechanism for forced tropical widening since 1979 has been atmospheric sensitivity to warming oceans. The magnitude of this widening and its potential detectability has been greater in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere during boreal winter, in part owing to Antarctic stratospheric ozone depletion. C1 [Quan, Xiao-Wei; Hoerling, Martin P.; Perlwitz, Judith; Diaz, Henry F.; Xu, Taiyi] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Quan, Xiao-Wei; Perlwitz, Judith; Diaz, Henry F.; Xu, Taiyi] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Quan, XW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM quan.xiao-wei@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU NOAA's Climate Program Office; NOAA's Super-Computing System FX The authors thank Dr. Ramakrishna Nemani for his interest in this work and for sponsoring some of the computing resources used in model simulations performed on the NASA AMES computing system. The authors also thank Sean Davis for providing the reanalysis trend estimates based on DR12. The paper has benefited from the comments by Dr. Lorenzo Polvani on an earlier draft, and also from comments by an anonymous reviewer. We gratefully acknowledge NOAA's Climate Program Office and NOAA's Super-Computing System for support. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1999 EP 2013 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00287.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB3KO UT WOS:000331689900007 ER PT J AU Guo, H Golaz, JC Donner, LJ Ginoux, P Hemler, RS AF Guo, Huan Golaz, Jean-Christophe Donner, Leo J. Ginoux, Paul Hemler, Richard S. TI Multivariate Probability Density Functions with Dynamics in the GFDL Atmospheric General Circulation Model: Global Tests SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Model evaluation/performance; General circulation models; Cloud parameterizations ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; STRATIFORM CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; PDF-BASED MODEL; PART I; SINGLE-COLUMN; UNIFIED PARAMETERIZATION; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT AB A unified turbulence and cloud parameterization based on multivariate probability density functions (PDFs) has been incorporated into the GFDL atmospheric general circulation model (AM3). This PDF-based parameterization not only predicts subgrid variations in vertical velocity, temperature, and total water, which bridge subgrid-scale processes (e.g., aerosol activation and cloud microphysics) and grid-scale dynamic and thermodynamic fields, but also unifies the treatment of planetary boundary layer (PBL), shallow convection, and cloud macrophysics. This parameterization is called the Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) parameterization. With the incorporation of CLUBB in AM3, coupled with a two-moment cloud microphysical scheme, AM3-CLUBB allows for a more physically based and self-consistent treatment of aerosol activation, cloud micro- and macrophysics, PBL, and shallow convection. The configuration and performance of AM3-CLUBB are described. Cloud and radiation fields, as well as most basic climate features, are modeled realistically. Relative to AM3, AM3-CLUBB improves the simulation of coastal stratocumulus, a longstanding deficiency in GFDL models, and their seasonal cycle, especially at higher horizontal resolution, but global skill scores deteriorate slightly. Through sensitivity experiments, it is shown that 1) the two-moment cloud microphysics helps relieve the deficiency of coastal stratocumulus, 2) using the CLUBB subgrid cloud water variability in the cloud microphysics has a considerable positive impact on global cloudiness, and 3) the impact of adjusting CLUBB parameters is to improve the overall agreement between model and observations. C1 [Guo, Huan] NOAA, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe; Donner, Leo J.; Ginoux, Paul] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hemler, Richard S.] DRC GFDL, High Performance Technol Grp, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR Visiting Scientist Programs, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM huan.guo@noaa.gov RI Guo, Huan/D-8282-2014; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU NOAA/Climate Program Office FX H. Guo is supported by the NOAA/Climate Program Office through the Climate Process Team, Cloud Macrophysical Parameterization and its Application to Aerosol Indirect Effects. We acknowledge Vincent E. Larson and his group for their continued support of the CLUBB parameterization and thank Andrew Gettelman and Hugh Morrison for their two-moment microphysics source code. NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 5 BP 2087 EP 2108 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00347.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB3KO UT WOS:000331689900010 ER PT J AU Paul, RL Davis, WC Yu, L Murphy, KE Guthrie, WF Leber, DD Bryan, CE Vetter, TW Shakirova, G Mitchell, G Kyle, DJ Jarrett, JM Caldwell, KL Jones, RL Eckdahl, S Wermers, M Maras, M Palmer, CD Verostek, MF Geraghty, CM Steuerwald, AJ Parsons, PJ AF Paul, Rick L. Davis, W. Clay Yu, Lee Murphy, Karen E. Guthrie, William F. Leber, Dennis D. Bryan, Colleen E. Vetter, Thomas W. Shakirova, Gulchekhra Mitchell, Graylin Kyle, David J. Jarrett, Jeffery M. Caldwell, Kathleen L. Jones, Robert L. Eckdahl, Steven Wermers, Michelle Maras, Melissa Palmer, C. D. Verostek, M. F. Geraghty, C. M. Steuerwald, Amy J. Parsons, Patrick J. TI Certification of total arsenic in blood and urine standard reference materials by radiochemical neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Neutron activation analysis; Arsenic; Toxic elements; Biologicals; Radiochemistry; Standard reference materials ID CD; HG AB Radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA) was used to measure arsenic at four levels in standard reference material (SRM) 955c Toxic Elements in Caprine Blood and at two levels in SRM 2668 Toxic Elements in Frozen Human Urine for the purpose of providing mass concentration values for certification. Samples were freeze-dried prior to analysis followed by neutron irradiation for 3 h at a fluence rate of 1 x 10(14) cm(-2) s(-1). After sample dissolution in perchloric and nitric acids, arsenic was separated from the matrix either by retention on hydrated manganese dioxide (urine) or by extraction into zinc diethyldithiocarbamate in chloroform (blood). As-76 was quantified by gamma-ray spectroscopy. Differences in chemical yield and counting geometry between samples and standards were monitored by measuring the count rate of a (77) As tracer added before sample dissolution. RNAA results were combined with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry values from National Institute of Standards and Technology and collaborating laboratories to provide certified values of 10.81 +/- 0.54 and 213.1 +/- 0.73 mu g/L for SRM 2668 Levels I and II, and certified values of 21.66 +/- 0.73, 52.7 +/- 1.1, and 78.8 +/- 4.9 mu g/L for SRM 955c Levels II-IV, respectively. Because of discrepancies between values obtained by different methods for SRM 955c Level I, an information value of <5 mu g/L was assigned for this material. C1 [Paul, Rick L.; Davis, W. Clay; Yu, Lee; Murphy, Karen E.; Bryan, Colleen E.; Vetter, Thomas W.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guthrie, William F.; Leber, Dennis D.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shakirova, Gulchekhra; Mitchell, Graylin; Kyle, David J.; Jarrett, Jeffery M.; Caldwell, Kathleen L.; Jones, Robert L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan & Radiat Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Eckdahl, Steven; Wermers, Michelle; Maras, Melissa] Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. [Palmer, C. D.; Verostek, M. F.; Geraghty, C. M.; Steuerwald, Amy J.; Parsons, Patrick J.] New York State Dept Hlth NYSDOH, Lab Inorgan & Nucl Chem, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. [Parsons, Patrick J.] SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Albany, NY 12201 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015; OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853; Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552; Parsons, Patrick/0000-0001-9133-875X FU Intramural CDC HHS [CC999999] NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 299 IS 3 BP 1555 EP 1563 DI 10.1007/s10967-013-2866-3 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AB8IU UT WOS:000332034400053 PM 26300575 ER PT J AU Quinn, PK Bates, TS Schulz, KS Coffman, DJ Frossard, AA Russell, LM Keene, WC Kieber, DJ AF Quinn, Patricia K. Bates, Timothy S. Schulz, Kristen S. Coffman, D. J. Frossard, A. A. Russell, L. M. Keene, W. C. Kieber, D. J. TI Contribution of sea surface carbon pool to organic matter enrichment in sea spray aerosol SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; GEORGES BANK; SIZE AB Breaking waves on the ocean surface generate air bubbles that scavenge organic matter from the surrounding sea water. When injected into the atmosphere, these bubbles burst, yielding sea spray aerosols enriched in organic matter, relative to the sea water. Downwind of plankton blooms, the organic carbon content of sea spray aerosol is weakly correlated with satellite-derived measurements of chlorophyll a levels, a measure of phytoplankton biomass. This correlation has been used in large-scale models to calculate the organic enrichment in sea spray aerosol. Here, we assess the relationship between the organic carbon content of sea water and freshly emitted sea spray aerosol in the presence and absence of plankton blooms in the North Atlantic Ocean and the coastal waters of California. The organic carbon content of freshly emitted sea spray aerosol was similar in all regions sampled, despite significant differences in seawater chlorophyll a levels. The proportion of freshly emitted aerosols that served as cloud condensation nuclei at a given supersaturation was also similar across sampling sites. The large reservoir of organic carbon in surface sea water remained relatively constant across the regions sampled, and independent of variations in chlorophyll a concentrations. We suggest that this reservoir is responsible for the organic carbon enrichment of freshly emitted sea spray aerosol, overwhelming any influence of local biological activity as measured by chlorophyll a levels. C1 [Quinn, Patricia K.; Bates, Timothy S.; Schulz, Kristen S.; Coffman, D. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Frossard, A. A.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Keene, W. C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Kieber, D. J.] SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; National Science Foundation Chemical Oceanography Program [1129896, 1129836, 1129580]; Atmospheric Dynamics Program [1013423]; NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the National Science Foundation Chemical Oceanography Program (1129896 to DJK, 1129836 to WCK and 1129580 to LMR) and Atmospheric Dynamics Program (1013423 to LMR). We thank D. Hamilton, J. Johnson, I. Tyssebotn, J. Kinsey and M. Haserodt for their assistance in sample collection and analysis; V. Trainer for the loan and calibration of the fluorometer; the captain and crew of the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown for support at sea; M. Rinaldi and C. Facchini for MAP data and helpful comments; and S. Gasso for discussions on satellite images of Chl a. This is PMEL contribution 4046 NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 7 U2 89 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 3 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1038/NGEO2092 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AB9DB UT WOS:000332088800021 ER PT J AU Rahaman, H Ravichandran, M Sengupta, D Harrison, MJ Griffies, SM AF Rahaman, Hasibur Ravichandran, M. Sengupta, Debasis Harrison, Matthew J. Griffies, Stephen M. TI Development of a regional model for the North Indian Ocean SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal; Arabian Sea; East India Coastal Current (EICC); West India Coastal Current (WICC) ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SOUTHEASTERN ARABIAN SEA; BARRIER-LAYER FORMATION; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; MIXED-LAYER; SOUTHWEST MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SUMMER MONSOON; COASTAL CURRENT AB We have developed a one-way nested Indian Ocean regional model. The model combines the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's (GFDL) Modular Ocean Model (MOM4p1) at global climate model resolution (nominally one degree), and a regional Indian Ocean MOM4p1 configuration with 25 km horizontal resolution and 1 m vertical resolution near the surface. Inter-annual global simulations with Coordinated Ocean-Ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II) surface forcing over years 1992-2005 provide surface boundary conditions. We show that relative to the global simulation, (i) biases in upper ocean temperature, salinity and mixed layer depth are reduced, (ii) sea surface height and upper ocean circulation are closer to observations, and (iii) improvements in model simulation can be attributed to refined resolution, more realistic topography and inclusion of seasonal river runoff. Notably, the surface salinity bias is reduced to less than 0.1 psu over the Bay of Bengal using relatively weak restoring to observations, and the model simulates the strong, shallow halocline often observed in the North Bay of Bengal. There is marked improvement in subsurface salinity and temperature, as well as mixed layer depth in the Bay of Bengal. Major seasonal signatures in observed sea surface height anomaly in the tropical Indian Ocean, including the coastal waveguide around the Indian peninsula, are simulated with great fidelity. The use of realistic topography and seasonal river runoff brings the three dimensional structure of the East India Coastal Current and West India Coastal Current much closer to observations. As a result, the incursion of low salinity Bay of Bengal water into the southeastern Arabian Sea is more realistic. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Rahaman, Hasibur; Ravichandran, M.] Minist Earth Sci, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Sengupta, Debasis] Indian Inst Sci, Ctr Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. [Harrison, Matthew J.; Griffies, Stephen M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Rahaman, H (reprint author), Govt India, Indian Natl Ctr Ocean Informat Serv, Minist Earth Sci, Hyderabad 500090, Andhra Pradesh, India. EM rahman@incois.gov.in OI Ravichandran, Muthalagu/0000-0002-4602-0731 FU Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) FX The encouragement and facilities provided by the Director, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) are gratefully acknowledged. The first author (HR) thank Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) for the Indo-US research fellowship award and part of this work done whilst at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (NOAA/GFDL), Princeton, USA. The oceanice model forcing (CORE-IAF.v2) plus release notes and support code are available at http://data1.gfdl.noaa.gov/nomads/forms/core/COREv2.html. We thank Dr. Shailesh Nayak, Secretary, MoES for his encouragement to complete this work. Thanks are also due to Dr. P. S. Swathi, CMMACS for his valuable comments. The comments from two anonymous reviewers greatly improved aspects of this paper, and we thank them for their candid feedback. Graphics are generated using Ferret. This is INCOIS contribution no. 173. NR 101 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 75 BP 1 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2013.12.005 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AC3HE UT WOS:000332406900001 ER PT J AU Huff, DD AF Huff, David D. TI BILLION-DOLLAR FISH: THE UNTOLD STORY OF ALASKA POLLOCK. SO QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY LA English DT Book Review C1 [Huff, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Huff, David D.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Huff, DD (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0033-5770 EI 1539-7718 J9 Q REV BIOL JI Q. Rev. Biol. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1 BP 69 EP 70 DI 10.1086/675038 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AA7SH UT WOS:000331296700050 ER PT J AU Katchy, A Pinto, C Jonsson, P Trang, NV Pandelova, M Riu, A Schramm, KW Samarov, D Gustafsson, JA Bondesson, M Williams, C AF Katchy, Anne Pinto, Caroline Jonsson, Philip Trang Nguyen-Vu Pandelova, Marchela Riu, Anne Schramm, Karl-Werner Samarov, Daniel Gustafsson, Jan-Ake Bondesson, Maria Williams, Cecilia TI Coexposure to Phytoestrogens and Bisphenol A Mimics Estrogenic Effects in an Additive Manner SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; phytoestrogens; estrogen receptor; transcriptional activation; proliferation; concentration addition ID BREAST-CANCER CELLS; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION DISCOVERIES; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; GENE-EXPRESSION; NEONATAL EXPOSURE; SOY ISOFLAVONES; INFANT FORMULAS; GENISTEIN; RISK; MODEL AB Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) are abundant in our environment. A number of EDCs, including bisphenol A (BPA) can bind to the estrogen receptors (ER), ER and ER, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases such as breast cancer. Early exposure is of particular concern; many EDCs cross the placenta and infants have measurable levels of, eg, BPA. In addition, infants are frequently fed soy-based formula (SF) that contains phytoestrogens. Effects of combined exposure to xeno- and phytoestrogens are poorly studied. Here, we extensively compared to what extent BPA, genistein, and an extract of infant SF mimic estrogen-induced gene transcription and cell proliferation. We investigated ligand-specific effects on ER activation in HeLa-ER and ER reporter cells; on proliferation, genome-wide gene regulation and non-ERmediated effects in MCF7 breast cancer cells; and how coexposure influenced these effects. The biological relevance was explored using enrichment analyses of differentially regulated genes and clustering with clinical breast cancer profiles. We demonstrate that coexposure to BPA and genistein, or SF, results in increased functional and transcriptional estrogenic effects. Using statistical modeling, we determine that BPA and phytoestrogens act in an additive manner. The proliferative and transcriptional effects of the tested compounds mimic those of 17-estradiol, and are abolished by cotreatment with an ER antagonist. Gene expression profiles induced by each compound clustered with poor prognosis breast cancer, indicating that exposure may adversely affect breast cancer prognosis. This study accentuates that coexposure to BPA and soy-based phytoestrogens results in additive estrogenic effects, and may contribute to estrogen-linked diseases, including breast cancer. C1 [Katchy, Anne; Pinto, Caroline; Jonsson, Philip; Trang Nguyen-Vu; Riu, Anne; Gustafsson, Jan-Ake; Bondesson, Maria; Williams, Cecilia] Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Ctr Nucl Receptors & Cell Signaling, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Pandelova, Marchela; Schramm, Karl-Werner] Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen GmbH, Mol EXpos MEX, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany. [Schramm, Karl-Werner] TUM, Wissensch Zentrum Weihenstephan Ernahrung & Landn, Dept Biowissensch, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. [Samarov, Daniel] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gustafsson, Jan-Ake] Karolinska Inst, Dept Biosci & Nutr, S-14183 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Williams, C (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Biol & Biochem, Ctr Nucl Receptors & Cell Signaling, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM ceciliawilliams@uh.edu RI Williams, Cecilia/A-6677-2009; OI Williams, Cecilia/0000-0002-0602-2062; Jonsson, Philip/0000-0002-1537-0624 FU Environmental Protection Agency [R834289]; Texas Emerging Technology Fund [300-9-1958]; Robert A Welch Foundation [E-0004]; National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health [R01CA172437]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [1R21ES020036]; University of Houston FX Environmental Protection Agency (R834289 to J.-A.G., M.B.); the Texas Emerging Technology Fund (agreement 300-9-1958); the Robert A Welch Foundation (E-0004 to J.-A.G.); National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (R01CA172437 to C.W.); National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1R21ES020036 to J.-A.G., M.B.); faculty start-up funding from the University of Houston (to C.W.). NR 61 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 EI 1096-0929 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 138 IS 1 BP 21 EP 35 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kft271 PG 15 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA AB8MW UT WOS:000332045500003 PM 24284790 ER PT J AU Joyner, J Wanless, D Sinigalliano, CD Lipp, EK AF Joyner, Jessica Wanless, David Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Lipp, Erin K. TI Use of Quantitative Real-Time PCR for Direct Detection of Serratia marcescens in Marine and Other Aquatic Environments SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CARIBBEAN ELKHORN CORAL; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ACROPORA-PALMATA; WATER SAMPLES; WHITE POX; QPCR; QUANTIFICATION; ENTEROCOCCUS; EXPRESSION AB Serratia marcescens is the etiological agent of acroporid serratiosis, a distinct form of white pox disease in the threatened coral Acropora palmata. The pathogen is commonly found in untreated human waste in the Florida Keys, which may contaminate both nearshore and offshore waters. Currently there is no direct method for detection of this bacterium in the aquatic or reef environment, and culture-based techniques may underestimate its abundance in marine waters. A quantitative real-time PCR assay was developed to detect S. marcescens directly from environmental samples, including marine water, coral mucus, sponge tissue, and wastewater. The assay targeted the luxS gene and was able to distinguish S. marcescens from other Serratia species with a reliable quantitative limit of detection of 10 cell equivalents (CE) per reaction. The method could routinely discern the presence of S. marcescens for as few as 3 CE per reaction, but it could not be reliably quantified at this level. The assay detected environmental S. marcescens in complex sewage influent samples at up to 761 CE ml(-1) and in septic system-impacted residential canals in the Florida Keys at up to 4.1 CE ml(-1). This detection assay provided rapid quantitative abilities and good sensitivity and specificity, which should offer an important tool for monitoring this ubiquitous pathogen that can potentially impact both human health and coral health. C1 [Joyner, Jessica] Univ Georgia, Odum Sch Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Joyner, Jessica; Lipp, Erin K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wanless, David; Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wanless, David] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elipp@uga.edu RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014 OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X FU NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR); NOAA Oceans and Human Health (OHH) Graduate Training fellowship [S0867882]; Oceans and Human Health Center grants from NSF [NSF 0CE0432368/0911373]; Oceans and Human Health Center grants from and NIEHS [NIEHS P50ES12736]; NSF Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease [OCE1015342] FX The bacterial strain S. marcescens Db11 used in this work was provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center, which is funded by the NIH National Center for Research Resources (NCRR). Assay development began while J.J. interned with C. D. S. at NOAA AOML, completing a NOAA Oceans and Human Health (OHH) Graduate Training fellowship (S0867882) under E.K.L. An NSF Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Disease award provided additional funding to E. K. L. (OCE1015342). Additional support for work conducted at NOAA AOML was funded in part by Oceans and Human Health Center grants from NSF and NIEHS (NSF 0CE0432368/0911373 and NIEHS P50ES12736, respectively). NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 EI 1098-5336 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 80 IS 5 BP 1679 EP 1683 DI 10.1128/AEM.02755-13 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA AB2MH UT WOS:000331626300017 PM 24375136 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Hu, ZZ AF Kumar, Arun Hu, Zeng-Zhen TI Interannual and interdecadal variability of ocean temperature along the equatorial Pacific in conjunction with ENSO SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Ocean temperature along the equatorial pacific; Tilt mode; Warm water volume mode; ENSO-Modoki; Interannual and interdecadal variations ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TONGUE EL-NINO; WARM POOL; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; RECHARGE PARADIGM; LA-NINA; EVENTS; MODEL; THERMOCLINE; MECHANISM AB In this paper, the leading modes of ocean temperature anomalies (OTA) along the equatorial Pacific Ocean are analyzed and their connection with El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and interdecadal variation is investigated. The first two leading modes of OTA are connected with the different phases of the canonical ENSO and display asymmetric features of ENSO evolution. The third leading mode depicts a tripole pattern with opposite variation of OTA above the thermocline in the central Pacific to that along the thermocline in the eastern and western Pacific. This mode is found to be associated with so-called ENSO-Modoki. Insignificant correlations of this mode with the first two leading modes suggest that ENSO-Modoki may be a mode that is independent to the canonical ENSO and also has longer time scales compared with the canonical ENSO. The fourth mode reflects a warming (cooling) tendency above (below) the thermocline since 2000. Both the first and second modes have a large contribution to the interdecadal change in thermocline during 1979-2012. Also, the analysis also documents that both ENSO and OTA shifted into higher frequency since 2000 compared with that during 1979-1999. Interestingly, the ENSO-Modoki related OTA mode does not have any trend or significant interdecadal shift during 1979-2012. In addition, it is shown that first four EOF modes seem robust before and after 1999/2000, suggesting that the interdecadal shift of the climate system in the tropical Pacific is mainly a frequency shift and the changes in spatial pattern are relatively small, although the mean states over two periods experienced some significant changes. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM zeng-zhen.hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 1243 EP 1258 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1721-0 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB7KV UT WOS:000331969800009 ER PT J AU Liu, XW Yang, S Li, QP Kumar, A Weaver, S Liu, S AF Liu, Xiangwen Yang, Song Li, Qiaoping Kumar, Arun Weaver, Scott Liu, Shi TI Subseasonal forecast skills and biases of global summer monsoons in the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Global monsoons; Subseasonal prediction biases; Subseasonal prediction skill; NCEP CFSv2 ID ASIAN-AUSTRALIAN MONSOON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; COUPLED MODELS; LEADING MODES; PRECIPITATION; CFS; PREDICTABILITY; SIMULATIONS; CIRCULATION; RESOLUTION AB Subseasonal forecast skills and biases of global summer monsoons are diagnosed using daily data from the hindcasts of 45-day integrations by the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2. Predictions for subseasonal variability of zonal wind and precipitation are generally more skillful over the Asian and Australian monsoon regions than other monsoon regions. Climatologically, forecasts for the variations of dynamical monsoon indices have high skills at leads of about 2 weeks. However, apparent interannual differences exist, with high skills up to 5 weeks in exceptional cases. Comparisons for the relationships of monsoon indices with atmospheric circulation and precipitation patterns between skillful and unskillful forecasts indicate that skills for subseasonal variability of a monsoon index depend partially on the degree to which the observed variability of the index attributes to the variation of large-scale circulation. Thus, predictions are often more skillful when the index is closely linked to atmospheric circulation over a broad region than over a regional and narrow range. It is also revealed that, the subseasonal variations of biases of winds, precipitation, and surface temperature over various monsoon regions are captured by a first mode with seasonally independent biases and a second mode with apparent phase transition of biases during summer. The first mode indicates the dominance of overall weaker-than-observed summer monsoons over major monsoon regions. However, at certain stages of monsoon evolution, these underestimations are regionally offset or intensified by the time evolving biases portrayed by the second mode. This feature may be partially related to factors such as the shifts of subtropical highs and intertropical convergence zones, the reversal of biases of surface temperature over some monsoon regions, and the transition of regional circulation system. The significant geographical differences in bias growth with increasing lead time reflect the distinctions of initial memory capability of the climate system over different monsoon regions. C1 [Liu, Xiangwen; Li, Qiaoping] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Kumar, Arun; Weaver, Scott] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Shi] Inst Meteorol Sci Jilin Prov, Changchun, Jilin, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yangsong3@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB951903]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41275076, 41105061, 40905046]; Sun Yat-sen University; NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program FX The authors thank two anonymous reviewers for their fruitful suggestions, which are helpful for improving the overall quality of the manuscript. This study was partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program: 2010CB951903), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41275076, 41105061 and 40905046), Sun Yat-sen University "985 Project'' Phase 3, and the NOAA-China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program. NR 48 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 18 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 1487 EP 1508 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1831-8 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB7KV UT WOS:000331969800023 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Nagura, M AF McPhaden, Michael J. Nagura, Motoki TI Indian Ocean dipole interpreted in terms of recharge oscillator theory SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MONSOON RAINFALL; SST ANOMALIES; LA-NINA; ENSO; MODEL; EVENTS AB In this paper we use sea surface height (SSH) derived from satellite altimetry and an analytical linear equatorial wave model to interpret the evolution of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in the framework of recharge oscillator theory. The specific question we address is whether heat content in the equatorial band, for which SSH is a proxy, is a predictor of IOD development as it is for El Nio and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific. We find that, as in the Pacific, there are zonally coherent changes in heat content along the equator prior to the onset of IOD events. These changes in heat content are modulated by wind-forced westward propagating Rossby waves in the latitude band 5A degrees-10A degrees S, which at the western boundary reflect into Kelvin waves trapped to the equator. The biennial character of the IOD is affected by this cycling of wave energy between 5A degrees and 10A degrees S and the equator. Heat content changes are a weaker leading indicator of IOD sea surface temperature anomaly development than is the case for ENSO in the Pacific though because other factors are at work in generating IOD variability, one of which is ENSO forcing itself through changes in the Walker Circulation. C1 [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Nagura, Motoki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Applicat Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU NOAA; JAMSTEC FX This research was supported by NOAA and JAMSTEC. We thank two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. PMEL Contribution number 3951. NR 62 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 1569 EP 1586 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1765-1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB7KV UT WOS:000331969800028 ER PT J AU Wang, SY Gillies, RR van den Dool, H AF Wang, Shih-Yu Gillies, Robert R. van den Dool, Huug TI On the yearly phase delay of winter intraseasonal mode in the western United States SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; ENSO; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; PACIFIC; INVERSIONS; CALIFORNIA; AMERICA AB In the western United States, persistent and recurrent flow patterns not only modulate precipitation events but also result in prolonged surface inversion episodes. In this region, the frequency of persistent ridge/trough events ranges between 20 and 40 days, well within the intraseasonal timescale. Based on NCEP reanalysis data starting at 1949, with a focus on the interior West, we observed that episodes of prolonged ridge/trough events appear to occur about a week later every year and resets every 5-7 years-a previously undocumented phenomenon examined herein. Diagnostic analyses indicate that the interplay between regional intraseasonal flow patterns and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) alternates the preferred timeframe for the persistent ridge/trough events to occur. This may result from different phases of the NAO shifting the winter mean ridge and such shifts modulate the occurrence and timing of persistent ridge/trough events. When the timing changes evolve around the quasi-6 years cycle of the NAO, the resultant evolution forms what appears to be a steady phase delay in the ridge/trough events year after year. These results are a further step in disclosing the multiple-scale interaction between intraseasonal and interannual modes and its regional climate/weather impact. C1 [Wang, Shih-Yu; Gillies, Robert R.] Utah State Univ, Utah Climate Ctr, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Wang, Shih-Yu; Gillies, Robert R.] Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [van den Dool, Huug] NOAA NWS NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Wang, SY (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Plants Soils & Climate, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM simon.wang@usu.edu RI Wang, S.-Y. Simon/G-2566-2010 FU NASA [NNX13AC37G]; Bureau of Reclamation Project [R11AC81456]; Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University FX This research was supported by NASA Grant NNX13AC37G, Bureau of Reclamation Project R11AC81456, and the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station, Utah State University approved as journal paper number 8529. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 5-6 BP 1649 EP 1664 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1784-y PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB7KV UT WOS:000331969800033 ER PT J AU Wilson, A Goldberg, T Marcquenski, S Olson, W Goetz, F Hershberger, P Hart, L Toohey-Kurth, K AF Wilson, Anna Goldberg, Tony Marcquenski, Susan Olson, Wendy Goetz, Frederick Hershberger, Paul Hart, Lucas Toohey-Kurth, Kathy TI Development and Evaluation of a Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Virus Neutralization Assay To Detect Antibodies to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERCA-FLAVESCENS; RAINBOW-TROUT; YELLOW PERCH; EGTVED VIRUS; GREAT-LAKES; COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SPRING VIREMIA; CARP VIRUS AB Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a target of surveillance by many state and federal agencies in the United States. Currently, the detection of VHSV relies on virus isolation, which is lethal to fish and indicates only the current infection status. A serological method is required to ascertain prior exposure. Here, we report two serologic tests for VHSV that are nonlethal, rapid, and species independent, a virus neutralization (VN) assay and a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results show that the VN assay had a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 42.9%; the anti-nucleocapsid-blocking ELISA detected nonneutralizing VHSV antibodies at a specificity of 88.2% and a sensitivity of 96.4%. The VN assay and ELISA are valuable tools for assessing exposure to VHSV. C1 [Wilson, Anna; Goldberg, Tony; Toohey-Kurth, Kathy] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Marcquenski, Susan] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Bur Fisheries Management, Madison, WI USA. [Olson, Wendy] Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pathol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. [Goetz, Frederick] NOAA, Manchester Res Stn, Port Orchard, WA USA. [Hershberger, Paul; Hart, Lucas] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Marrowstone Marine Field Stn, Nordland, WA USA. [Toohey-Kurth, Kathy] Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Toohey-Kurth, K (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kathy.kurth@wvdl.wisc.edu FU University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, CFDA [11.417]; Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council [10100123-I] FX This work was supported by the University of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute under a grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, CFDA no. 11.417. Herring blood plasma was made available through the support of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council (project no. 10100123-I). NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 21 IS 3 BP 435 EP 442 DI 10.1128/CVI.00675-13 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA AB8JT UT WOS:000332036900021 PM 24429071 ER PT J AU Paquin, MM Buckley, TW Hibpshman, RE Canino, MF AF Paquin, Melanie M. Buckley, Troy W. Hibpshman, Richard E. Canino, Michael F. TI DNA-based identification methods of prey fish from stomach contents of 12 species of eastern North Pacific groundfish SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Groundfish; Stomach contents; Prey fish; Restriction digest; Genetics; Alaska ID BARCODE; EVOLUTION AB Stomach content analysis of eastern North Pacific groundfish has been conducted routinely by researchers interested in understanding trophic interactions between key predator species and their prey. Identification of prey by traditional morphological methods has limitations however, due to the loss of identifiable characters from digestion and morphological similarities between taxa. Furthermore, some forage fish (e.g., osmerids, ammodytids, and juvenile gadids), common prey of Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska groundfish, are difficult to distinguish because of their slender or fusiform shape, disarticulating easily during digestion. DNA-based identification methods were developed to differentiate among 18 fish species, some that are found at depths greater than 200 m, from four taxonomic families: Ammodytidae and Osmeridae (forage fish), Pleuronectidae (flatfish), and Gadidae (gadid fish). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a 739 basepair section of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I and an 862 basepair section of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b was followed by restriction digest assays and resulted in species level resolution for 16 of 18 species of interest. PCR restriction digest assays applied to fish prey from stomach contents of groundfish indicated the presence of several target species, eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus), searcher (Bathymaster signatus), rock sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata), yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera) and either Bering flounder (Hippoglossoides robustus) or flathead sole (H. elassodon). The PCR restriction digest protocols improved the identification rate of predated fish from stomach contents compared to identification by conventional taxonomic methods alone, and DNA sequence analysis further resolved identification of unknown prey fish samples. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Paquin, Melanie M.; Buckley, Troy W.; Hibpshman, Richard E.; Canino, Michael F.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Paquin, MM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM melanie.paquin@noaa.gov FU North Pacific Research Board Grant [924] FX We thank the following agencies and people for the collection of specimens: Alaska Fisheries Science Center's RACE Groundfish and Shellfish Assessment Programs and crews of the fishing vessels, the Northwest Fisheries Science Center biologists on their West Coast Groundfish Slope-Shelf Bottom Trawl Survey, and WA Palsson of the Alaska Fisheries Science Center. We are grateful to KP Maslenikov and TW Pietsch of the University of Washington Fish Collection for curation and collections support and to the technicians at the University of Washington's High-Throughput Genomics Unit for generating sequence data. We also thank SE Syrjala for helpful discussions concerning data analysis. We thank AC Matarese, IB Spies, and three anonymous reviewers for their reviews. A North Pacific Research Board Grant #924 to MFC and TWB provided funding. The findings and conclusions in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 85 BP 110 EP 117 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2013.12.002 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AB5VW UT WOS:000331857800010 ER PT J AU Cooper, J Diesburg, S Babej, A Noon, M Kahn, E Puettmann, M Colt, J AF Cooper, Joyce Diesburg, Steven Babej, Alaric Noon, Michael Kahn, Ezra Puettmann, Maureen Colt, John TI Life Cycle Assessment of products from Alaskan salmon processing wastes: Implications of coproduction, intermittent landings, and storage time SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Life Cycle Assessment; Salmon processing wastes; Byproducts; Ensilage ID ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; WATER; FISHERIES; GELATINS; SYSTEM AB This research examines the gate-to-grave life cycle of salmon processing wastes (offal) management options in Sitka, Alaska using Life Cycle Assessment. The bases for comparison are the management of 1 kg of offal and the management of similar to 33,000 metric tons of offal generated intermittently throughout the 2010 fishing season in Southeast Alaska. Management options are (a) grind and discharge disposal, (b) two types of fresh processing, and (c) stabilized/ensiled offal processing. It is found that the contributions to eutrophication, acidification, and climate change are consistently reduced by assuming product displacements of meal, oil, and gelatin coproducts as compared to grind and discharge disposal. Further, increasing the allowable storage time by stabilizing the offal feedstock provides additional benefit by reducing the amount of offal ground and discharged. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cooper, Joyce; Diesburg, Steven; Babej, Alaric; Noon, Michael] Univ Washington, Design Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kahn, Ezra] USDA, Natl Agr Lib, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Puettmann, Maureen] WoodLife Environm Consultants LLC, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Colt, John] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Cooper, J (reprint author), Univ Washington, Design Environm Lab, Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM cooperjs@u.washington.edu; ezra.kahn@ars.usda.gov; maureen.puettmann@woodlifeconsulting.com; john.colt@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 151 BP 26 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.11.015 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AB3GB UT WOS:000331678200004 ER PT J AU Cotton, CF Andrews, AH Cailliet, GM Grubbs, RD Irvine, SB Musick, JA AF Cotton, Charles F. Andrews, Allen H. Cailliet, Gregor M. Grubbs, R. Dean Irvine, Sarah B. Musick, John A. TI Assessment of radiometric dating for age validation of deep-water dogfish (Order: Squaliformes) finspines SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Centrophorus squamosus; Centroselachus crepidater; Radioisotope; Growth; Pb-210; Ra-226; Lead-radium dating; Lead-210 dating; Radiometric age determination; Deep sea; Shark; Elasmobranch ID DORSAL-FIN SPINES; LONG-LIVED FISHES; BOMB RADIOCARBON; LEAD-RADIUM; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; LANTERN SHARK; ROCKALL TROUGH; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH-RATE; ATLANTIC AB Vertebrae of most deep-water sharks are too poorly calcified to record visible growth bands and therefore are not useful for age determination. Most dogfish species (Order: Squaliformes) possess dorsal finspines and several recent studies have shown that these structures offer potential for age determination. Age validation should be central to any age determination study, yet to date no age and growth study of deep-water sharks has included a complete validation of age estimates. In this study we sought to age two deep-water dogfish species by analyzing Pb-210 and Ra-226 incorporated into the internal dentin of the finspines. These radiometric age estimates were compared with counts of internal growth bands observed in the finspines. A pilot study indicated that dorsal finspines of Centroselachus crepidater are too small and thus offer insufficient mass for the radiometric techniques employed in this study. For ageing larger finspines of Centrophorus squamosus, the lead radium disequilibria method (ingrowth of Pb-210 from Ra-226) was found to be inapplicable due to exogenous uptake of Pb-210 in the finspine. Therefore, to approximate age, we measured the decay of Pb-210 within the dentin material at the tip of the finspine (formed in utero), relative to the terminal material at the base of the finspine. Results with this method proved to be inconsistent and did not yield reliable age estimates. Hence the use of Pb-210 and Ra-226 for radiometric age determination and validation using dorsal finspines from these deep-water dogfishes was deemed unsuccessful. This outcome was likely due to violations of the consistent, life-long isotopic uptake assumption as well as the provision that the finspine must function as a closed system for these radioisotopes. Future improvements in analytical precision will allow for smaller samples to be analyzed, potentially yielding a better understanding of the fate of these radioisotopes within finspine dentin throughout the life of the shark. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cotton, Charles F.; Grubbs, R. Dean] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. [Cotton, Charles F.] Savannah State Univ, Dept Marine & Environm Sci, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Cotton, Charles F.; Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Andrews, Allen H.] NOAA Fisheries Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. [Andrews, Allen H.; Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Cotton, CF (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, 3618 Coastal Hwy 98, St Teresa, FL 32358 USA. EM ccotton@fsu.edu RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 FU National Shark Research Consortium; MAR-ECO project (Census of Marine Life) FX The authors thank the MAR-ECO project (www.mar-eco.no), especially Odd Aksel Bergstad and Mike Vecchione, for facilitating cruise logistics. We also thank the captains and crews of the M/S Loran and M/V Green Reefer, as well as Jan Erik Dyb for assistance with sample collection and arrangement of transport to the USA. The authors appreciate the valuable comments provided on this manuscript by Jose Castro, Mike Vecchione and Tracey Sutton, as well as two anonymous reviewers. Partial funding was provided by the National Shark Research Consortium and the MAR-ECO project (Census of Marine Life). Authors contributed thusly: CC - original hypothesis, field collection, age determination, sample preparation, manuscript writing; AA - advised in sample collection and preparation, performed radiometric analyses and interpretation, manuscript writing; GC - contributed to original hypothesis, supported radiometric analyses; DG - contributed to original hypothesis, manuscript writing; SI - contributed to original hypothesis, contributed figure of finspine growth model; JM - contributed to original hypothesis, procured funding for the study. NR 48 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 151 BP 107 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.10.014 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AB3GB UT WOS:000331678200012 ER PT J AU Ensenberger, MG Hill, CR McLaren, RS Sprecher, CJ Storts, DR AF Ensenberger, Martin G. Hill, Carolyn R. McLaren, Robert S. Sprecher, Cynthia J. Storts, Douglas R. TI Developmental validation of the PowerPlex (R) 21 System SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE PowerPlex (R); Validation; Forensic science; DNA typing; Short tandem repeat (STR); CODIS ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DNA; SAMPLES; PURIFICATION; MULTIPLEX; LOCI AB The PowerPlex (R) 21 System is a STR multiplex that has been optimized for casework samples while still being capable of database workflows including direct amplification. The loci included in the multiplex offer increasing overlap with core loci used in different countries and regions throughout the world. The PowerPlex (R) 21 System contains D1S1656, D2S1338, D3S1358, D5S818, D6S1043, D7S820, D8S1179, D12S391, D13S317, D16S539, D18S51, D19S433, D21S11, Amelogenin, CSF1PO, FGA, Penta D, Penta E, TH01, TPOX, and vWA. These loci represent all 13 core CODIS loci in addition to loci commonly used in Asia and Europe. A developmental validation study was completed to document performance capabilities and limitations of the PowerPlex (R) 21 System. Data from this validation work served as the basis for the following conclusions: genotyping of single-source samples was reliable across a range of template DNA concentrations with >95% alleles called at 50 pg. Direct amplification of samples from FTA (R) storage cards was successfully performed using the reagents provided with the system and modified cycling protocols provided in the technical manual. Mixture analysis showed that over 95% of minor alleles were detected at 1: 9 ratios. Reaction conditions including volume and annealing temperature as well as the concentrations of primers, DNA polymerase, magnesium, and Master Mix were shown to be optimal and able to withstand moderate variations without affecting system performance. Reproducible results were generated by different users at different sites. Finally, concordance studies showed consistent results when comparing the PowerPlex (R) 21 System with other commercially available STR-genotyping systems. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ensenberger, Martin G.; McLaren, Robert S.; Sprecher, Cynthia J.; Storts, Douglas R.] Promega Corp, Madison, WI 53711 USA. [Hill, Carolyn R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ensenberger, MG (reprint author), Promega Corp, 2800 Woods Hollow Rd, Madison, WI 53711 USA. EM martin.ensenberger@promega.com NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 EI 1878-0326 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 9 BP 169 EP 178 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2013.12.005 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA AB5NE UT WOS:000331834600038 PM 24528595 ER PT J AU Garcia, ES Sandwell, DT Smith, WHF AF Garcia, Emmanuel S. Sandwell, David T. Smith, Walter H. F. TI Retracking CryoSat-2, Envisat and Jason-1 radar altimetry waveforms for improved gravity field recovery SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Satellite geodesy; Gravity anomalies and Earth structure; Submarine tectonics and volcanism ID SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; IMPULSE-RESPONSE; ROUGH-SURFACE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; RESOLUTION; ERS-1; GEOSAT; PERFORMANCE; BATHYMETRY; MISSION AB Improving the accuracy of the marine gravity field requires both improved altimeter range precision and dense track coverage. After a hiatus of more than 15 yr, a wealth of suitable data is now available from the CryoSat-2, Envisat and Jason-1 satellites. The range precision of these data is significantly improved with respect to the conventional techniques used in operational oceanography by retracking the altimeter waveforms using an algorithm that is optimized for the recovery of the short-wavelength geodetic signal. We caution that this new approach, which provides optimal range precision, may introduce large-scale errors that would be unacceptable for other applications. In addition, CryoSat-2 has a new synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mode that should result in higher range precision. For this new mode we derived a simple, but approximate, analytic model for the shape of the SAR waveform that could be used in an iterative least-squares algorithm for estimating range. For the conventional waveforms, we demonstrate that a two-step retracking algorithm that was originally designed for data from prior missions (ERS-1 and Geosat) also improves precision on all three of the new satellites by about a factor of 1.5. The improved range precision and dense coverage from CryoSat-2, Envisat and Jason-1 should lead to a significant increase in the accuracy of the marine gravity field. C1 [Garcia, Emmanuel S.; Sandwell, David T.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Smith, Walter H. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Garcia, ES (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM esg006@ucsd.edu RI Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010; OI Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X; Sandwell, David/0000-0001-5657-8707 FU ConocoPhillips; National Science Foundation [OCE-1128801]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-12-1-0111] FX We thank Salvatore Dinardo of ESA ESRIN for providing simulation results for the CryoSat-2 SAR waveforms from the SAMOSA project. We thank the reviewers for their constructive criticism. Pierre Thibaut provided guidance in the finer points of processing Jason-1 and CryoSat-2 waveforms. We thank Robert Cullen for providing early access to the oversampled SAR waveform data. We thank Jerome Benveniste for encouraging us to use CryoSat-2 altimetry for gravity field improvement. Walter H. F. Smith contributed to the derivation provided in Appendix A and helped to refine the other sections of the paper. The retracked CryoSat-2 SAR data were kindly provided by Nicolas Picot through the AVISO server. The CryoSat-2 and Envisat data were provided by the European Space agency, and NASA/CNES provided data from the Jason-1 altimeter. This research was supported by ConocoPhillips, the National Science Foundation (OCE-1128801), and the Office of Naval Research (N00014-12-1-0111). The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 59 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 196 IS 3 BP 1402 EP 1422 DI 10.1093/gji/ggt469 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AB5FY UT WOS:000331815500010 ER PT J AU Bohnenstiehl, DR Dziak, RP Matsumoto, H Conder, JA AF Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R. Dziak, Robert P. Matsumoto, Haru Conder, James A. TI Acoustic response of submarine volcanoes in the Tofua Arc and northern Lau Basin to two great earthquakes SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Volcano seismology; Volcanic arc processes; Backarc basin processes; Subaqueous volcanism ID DE-FUCA RIDGE; TONGA ARC; TRIGGERED SEISMICITY; ERUPTIONS; PACIFIC; CALDERA; HYDROPHONE; MEGATHRUST; MAGMA; OCEAN AB Using a short-baseline hydrophone array, persistent volcanoacoustic sources are identified within the ambient noise field of the Lau Basin during the period between 2009 January and 2010 April. The submarine volcano West Mata and adjacent volcanic terrains, including the northern Matas and Volcano O, are the most active acoustic sources during the 15-month period of observation. Other areas of long-term activity include the Niua hydrothermal field, the volcanic islands of Hunga Ha'apai, Founalei, Niuatoputapu and Niuafo'ou, two seamounts located along the southern Tofua Arc and at least three unknown sites within the northern Lau Basin. Following the great Samoan earthquake on 2009 September 29, seven of the volcanoacoustic sources identified exhibit increases in the rate of acoustic detection. These changes persist over timescales of days-to-months and are observed up to 900 km from the earthquake hypocentre. At least one of the volcanoacoustic sources that did not respond to the 2009 Samoan earthquake exhibits an increase in detection rate following the great Mw 8.8 Chile earthquake that occurred at a distance of similar to 9500 km on 2010 February 27. These observations suggest that great earthquakes may have undocumented impacts on Earth's vast submarine volcanic systems, potentially increasing the short-term flux of magma and volcanic gas into the overlying ocean. C1 [Bohnenstiehl, DelWayne R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haru] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Dziak, Robert P.; Matsumoto, Haru] NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Conder, James A.] So Illinois Univ, Dept Geol, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Bohnenstiehl, DR (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM drbohnen@ncsu.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0825295, OCE-1029278] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Marcus G. Langseth, R/V Roger Revelle and R/V Kilo Moana. Critical to the success of this project were the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) field technicians J. Shanley and M. Fowler, who oversaw the mooring deployment and recovery efforts, and the North Carolina State University (NCSU) graduate students J. Bowman, K. Cook, P. Monigle, J. O'Connor, C. Scheip and K. Warren. F. Martinez kindly provided his Lau Basin bathymetry compilation (Fig. 1). R. Embley generously reviewed and early draft of this manuscript. We are grateful for input from an anonymous reviewer, who helped to identify additional information on Volcano 1 and Pelorus Reef seamounts. This is NOAA-PMEL contribution #4012. The work was supported by National Science Foundation grants OCE-0825295 and OCE-1029278. NR 74 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X EI 1365-246X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 196 IS 3 BP 1657 EP 1675 DI 10.1093/gji/ggt472 PG 19 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA AB5FY UT WOS:000331815500028 ER PT J AU Melnikov, V Leskinen, M Koistinen, J AF Melnikov, Valery Leskinen, Matti Koistinen, Jarmo TI Doppler Velocities at Orthogonal Polarizations in Radar Echoes From Insects and Birds SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Differential Doppler velocity (DDV); radar echo from birds and insects; radar polarimetry ID WEATHER RADARS; CLEAR-AIR; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; DIVERSITY RADAR; MIGRATION; INFORMATION; PATTERNS; FLIGHT AB The differential Doppler velocities (DDVs) measured with weather radar at horizontal and vertical polarizations in echoes from insects and birds are considered. In weather echoes, DDV is usually less than 0.5 ms(-1), whereas in echoes from flying birds and insects, it can reach 5-7 ms(-1). Such large difference can be used as an additional parameter in distinguishing between weather and nonmeteorological echoes. It is shown that large values of DDV pertain to multipeaked Doppler spectra with different spectral differential reflectivity values in the peaks. C1 [Melnikov, Valery] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73070 USA. [Melnikov, Valery] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res NSSL, Norman, OK 73070 USA. [Leskinen, Matti] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Koistinen, Jarmo] Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. RP Melnikov, V (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73070 USA. FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma through the U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072 through the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 11 IS 3 BP 592 EP 596 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2272011 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC0KG UT WOS:000332182600002 ER PT J AU He, H Loughner, CP Stehr, JW Arkinson, HL Brent, LC Follette-Cook, MB Tzortziou, MA Pickering, KE Thompson, AM Martins, DK Diskin, GS Anderson, BE Crawford, JH Weinheimer, AJ Lee, P Hains, JC Dickerson, RR AF He, Hao Loughner, Christopher P. Stehr, Jeffrey W. Arkinson, Heather L. Brent, Lacey C. Follette-Cook, Melanie B. Tzortziou, Maria A. Pickering, Kenneth E. Thompson, Anne M. Martins, Douglas K. Diskin, Glenn S. Anderson, Bruce E. Crawford, James H. Weinheimer, Andrew J. Lee, Pius Hains, Jennifer C. Dickerson, Russell R. TI An elevated reservoir of air pollutants over the Mid-Atlantic States during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ campaign: Airborne measurements and numerical simulations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bay Breeze; CMAQ simulations; DISCOVER-AQ campaign ID 2003 HEAT-WAVE; UNITED-STATES; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MODELING SYSTEM; AASE-II; POLLUTION; SENSITIVITY; CHEMISTRY; PROFILES; EPISODE AB During a classic heat wave with record high temperatures and poor air quality from July 18 to 23, 2011, an elevated reservoir of air pollutants was observed over and downwind of Baltimore, MD, with relatively clean conditions near the surface. Aircraft and ozonesonde measurements detected similar to 120 ppbv ozone at 800 m altitude, but similar to 80 ppbv ozone near the surface. High concentrations of other pollutants were also observed around the ozone peak: similar to 300 ppbv CO at 1200 m, similar to 2 ppbv NO2 at 800 m, similar to 5 ppbv SO2 at 600 m, and strong aerosol optical scattering (2 x 10(-4) m(-1)) at 600 m. These results suggest that the elevated reservoir is a mixture of automobile exhaust (high concentrations of O-3, CO, and NO2) and power plant emissions (high SO2 and aerosols). Back trajectory calculations show a local stagnation event before the formation of this elevated reservoir. Forward trajectories suggest an influence on downwind air quality, supported by surface ozone observations on the next day over the downwind PA, NJ and NY area. Meteorological observations from aircraft and ozonesondes show a dramatic veering of wind direction from south to north within the lowest 5000 m, implying that the development of the elevated reservoir was caused in part by the Chesapeake Bay breeze. Based on in situ observations, CMAQ forecast simulations with 12 km resolution overestimated surface ozone concentrations and failed to predict this elevated reservoir; however, CMAQ research simulations with 4 km and 1.33 km resolution moresuccessfully reproduced this event. These results show that high resolution is essential for resolving coastal effects and predicting air quality for cities near major bodies of water such as Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay and downwind areas in the Northeast. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [He, Hao; Loughner, Christopher P.; Tzortziou, Maria A.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [He, Hao; Stehr, Jeffrey W.; Arkinson, Heather L.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Loughner, Christopher P.; Tzortziou, Maria A.; Pickering, Kenneth E.; Thompson, Anne M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brent, Lacey C.; Dickerson, Russell R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Follette-Cook, Melanie B.] Morgan State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21251 USA. [Follette-Cook, Melanie B.] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD 21004 USA. [Thompson, Anne M.; Martins, Douglas K.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Diskin, Glenn S.; Anderson, Bruce E.; Crawford, James H.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Weinheimer, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Lee, Pius] NOAA, Air Resource Lab, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Hains, Jennifer C.] Maryland Dept Environm, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. RP He, H (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hhe@atmos.umd.edu RI Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; He, Hao/E-4771-2015; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Loughner, Christopher/0000-0002-3833-2014 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Maryland Department of the Environment; NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Team; NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) [NNX11AK34G, NNX12AI18G, NNX10AQ79G] FX The DISCOVER-AQ campaign is supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We thank Maryland Department of the Environment for the support to the UMD RAMMPP program. We thank Dr. Ronald C. Cohen (University of California, Berkeley) for providing TD-LIF NO2 measurements. This research was supported by NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) Team and NASA Air Quality Applied Science Team (AQAST) grants NNX11AK34G, NNX12AI18G and NNX10AQ79G. NR 55 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 85 BP 18 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.039 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA9MN UT WOS:000331417700003 ER PT J AU Field, LJ Norton, SB AF Field, L. Jay Norton, Susan B. TI Regional models for sediment toxicity assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Toxicity; Sediment; Logistic regression models ID QUALITY GUIDELINE QUOTIENTS; GRAND-CALUMET RIVER; CONTAMINATION; ECOSYSTEMS; AGREEMENT; CHEMISTRY; INDIANA; FLORIDA; MARINE; USA AB The present study describes approaches to improve the performance of empirical models developed from a large nationwide data set to predict sediment toxicity from chemistry for regional applications. The authors developed 4 multiple chemical (P-Max) models selected from individual chemical models developed using 1) a previously published approach applied to the nationwide data set; 2) a broader array of response and explanatory variables (e.g., different normalization approaches and toxicity classifications) applied to the nationwide data set; 3) a data set from the New York/New Jersey, USA, region; and 4) both nationwide and regional data sets. The models were calibrated using the regional data set. Performance was tested using an independent data set from the same region. The performance of the final P-Max model developed using the calibration process substantially improved over that of the uncalibrated P-Max model developed using the nationwide data set. The improvements were achieved by selecting the best performing individual chemical models and eliminating those that performed poorly when applied together. Although the best performing P-Max model included both nationwide and region-specific models, the performance of the P-Max model derived using only nationwide models was nearly as good. These results suggest that calibrating nationwide models to a regional data set may be both a more efficient and effective approach for improving model performance than developing region-specific models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:708-717. (c) 2013 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Field, L. Jay] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. [Norton, Susan B.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Field, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA USA. EM jay.field@noaa.gov FU [DW-13-92192901-2] FX B. Shepard, S. Bay, K. Ritter, R. Smith (deceased), D. Farrar, P. Myre, C. Ingersoll, K. Finkelstein, and 2 anonymous reviewers. We gratefully acknowledge the many scientists who collect sediment toxicity and chemistry data. This work was supported by Interagency Agreement DW-13-92192901-2. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0730-7268 EI 1552-8618 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 33 IS 3 BP 708 EP 717 DI 10.1002/etc.2485 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AA8HA UT WOS:000331335000031 PM 24306981 ER PT J AU Butler, KM Cheng, AHD Mullen, C Al-Ostaz, A AF Butler, Kathryn M. Cheng, Alexander H. -D. Mullen, Christopher Al-Ostaz, Ahmed TI Fire characteristics of steel members coated with nano-enhanced polymers SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE polymers; dripping; thermal modeling; fire; blast-resistant coatings; particle finite element method; steel ID FINITE-ELEMENT-METHOD AB Polymeric coatings applied to masonry infill walls have been demonstrated to provide protection against blast. Steel frames may be embedded in these walls to improve the structural characteristics of the building. During the process of retrofitting the walls with blast protection polymeric coatings, the steel frame may be fully or partially coated with these materials to provide adequate anchorage of the retrofit system to the frame and to avoid global failure of walls subjected to blast loading. The development of a blast-resistant coating for masonry walls that safeguards all structural elements in a fire would provide buildings with protection against explosions and a fire following the blast, as well as against ordinary building fires. This paper uses a numerical tool based on the particle finite element method to evaluate the melting and dripping of nano-enhanced polymeric coatings applied on steel members embedded within masonry walls. Viscosity measurements were performed to obtain needed parameters for the simulations. Polyurea nanocomposite residues showed a minimum in viscosity with temperature, possibly caused by cross-linking and charring. Model results for the polyurea residue with the lowest value of minimum viscosity showed that the coating remained attached, although there was some flow that caused a chunk of material to break off from an overhang. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Cheng, Alexander H. -D.; Mullen, Christopher; Al-Ostaz, Ahmed] Univ Mississippi, Nano Infrastruct Res Grp, Oxford, MS USA. [Butler, Kathryn M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, KM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.butler@nist.gov OI Cheng, Alexander/0000-0001-5137-000X FU Southeast Region Research Initiative (SERRI); Department of Homeland Security at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA FX This work was supported by the funding received under a subcontract from the Southeast Region Research Initiative (SERRI) sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA. The authors appreciate helpful discussions with Dr. Marc Nyden of NIST and with Dr. Alexander Morgan of the University of Dayton Research Institute, who performed the viscosity testing. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 2 BP 227 EP 240 DI 10.1002/fam.2176 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AA9UT UT WOS:000331439100008 ER PT J AU Downs, CA Kramarsky-Winter, E Fauth, JE Segal, R Bronstein, O Jeger, R Lichtenfeld, Y Woodley, CM Pennington, P Kushmaro, A Loya, Y AF Downs, C. A. Kramarsky-Winter, Esti Fauth, John E. Segal, Roee Bronstein, Omri Jeger, Rina Lichtenfeld, Yona Woodley, Cheryl M. Pennington, Paul Kushmaro, Ariel Loya, Yossi TI Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coral; Benzophenone-2; Cell toxicity; Coral planula; Sunscreen UV filters ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE RATIO; REPORTER GENE ASSAY; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; BISPHENOL-A BPA; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DNA-DAMAGE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; EMERGING CONTAMINANTS AB Benzophenone-2 (BP-2) is an additive to personal-care products and commercial solutions that protects against the damaging effects of ultraviolet light. BP-2 is an "emerging contaminant of concern" that is often released as a pollutant through municipal and boat/ship wastewater discharges and landfill leachates, as well as through residential septic fields and unmanaged cesspits. Although BP-2 may be a contaminant on coral reefs, its environmental toxicity to reefs is unknown. This poses a potential management issue, since BP-2 is a known endocrine disruptor as well as a weak genotoxicant. We examined the effects of BP-2 on the larval form (planula) of the coral, Stylophora pistillata, as well as its toxicity to in vitro coral cells. BP-2 is a photo-toxicant; adverse effects are exacerbated in the light versus in darkness. Whether in darkness or light, BP-2 induced coral planulae to transform from a motile planktonic state to a deformed, sessile condition. Planulae exhibited an increasing rate of coral bleaching in response to increasing concentrations of BP-2. BP-2 is a genotoxicant to corals, exhibiting a strong positive relationship between DNA-AP lesions and increasing BP-2 concentrations. BP-2 exposure in the light induced extensive necrosis in both the epidermis and gastrodermis. In contrast, BP-2 exposure in darkness induced autophagy and autophagic cell death. The LC50 of BP-2 in the light for an 8 and 24 h exposure was 120 and 165 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. The LC(50)s for BP-2 in darkness for the same time points were 144 and 548 ppb. Deformity EC20 levels (24 h) were 246 parts per trillion in the light and 9.6 ppb in darkness. C1 [Downs, C. A.] Haereticus Environm Lab, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Segal, Roee; Bronstein, Omri; Loya, Yossi] Tel Aviv Univ, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, Dept Zool, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Lichtenfeld, Yona; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Engn Sci, Avram & Stella Goldstein Goren Dept Biotechnol En, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Fauth, John E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Jeger, Rina] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Woodley, Cheryl M.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Woodley, Cheryl M.; Pennington, Paul] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kushmaro, Ariel] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Sci Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Downs, CA (reprint author), Haereticus Environm Lab, POB 92, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. EM cadowns@haereticus-lab.org RI Loya, Yossi/J-3039-2012 NR 112 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 18 U2 102 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD MAR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 175 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s10646-013-1161-y PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AA3AT UT WOS:000330966000006 PM 24352829 ER PT J AU Miller, AS Miller, TJ Mills, KE Sheehan, TF AF Miller, Alicia S. Miller, Timothy J. Mills, Katherine E. Sheehan, Timothy F. TI Retrospective analysis of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) marine growth and condition in the northwest Atlantic based on tag-recovery data SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; condition factor; growth; sea surface temperatures ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; CAPELIN MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; BALTIC SEA; SURVIVAL; L.; POSTSMOLTS; STOCKS; WILD; TEMPERATURES; MIGRATION AB The life history of North American Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is characterized by extensive round-trip migrations between freshwater rearing habitats and marine feeding grounds off the coasts of Canada and Greenland. Growth is rapid during the marine migration, and growth rate and condition factor may be indicators of salmon health during this period. Growth data were evaluated from a tag-recovery program conducted from 1969 to 1991 using hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon smolts released in the Penobscot River, Maine, U.S.A. Information from recaptures of 3167 salmon that were at large in the marine environment for 1month to 3yr was analyzed. Length-weight measurements coupled with time-at-large data were used to estimate von Bertalanffy and allometric growth parameters specific to the marine phase. Variations in growth and condition factor in relation to smolt age, release date, and temperature conditions in the northwest Atlantic were also examined. The von Bertalanffy k parameter declined with ordinal release date, indicating faster growth rates during the first year of smolts released earlier in the spring. The 2-yr-old smolts had a larger k than 1-yr-old smolts, although 1-yr-old smolts grew to a larger asymptotic size. Sea surface temperature had variable effects on growth parameters and condition factor, with temperature at the beginning of the migration and in overwintering habitat during the first year at sea having the greatest influence on length-weight relationships. Determining the mechanisms that influence growth of individuals during the marine phase will help elucidate the factors responsible for historic growth trends, establishing a baseline for current research. C1 [Miller, Alicia S.; Miller, Timothy J.; Sheehan, Timothy F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mills, Katherine E.] Univ Maine, Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. RP Miller, AS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM aliciasusanmiller@gmail.com NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 4 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1111/fog.12045 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AA6CF UT WOS:000331185700001 ER PT J AU Byron, CJ Pershing, AJ Stockwell, JD Xue, HJ Kocik, J AF Byron, Carrie J. Pershing, Andrew J. Stockwell, Jason D. Xue, Huijie Kocik, John TI Migration model of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in the Gulf of Maine SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; coastal currents; individual-based model; oceanographic variability; sea surface temperature ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; BROWN TROUT; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; SEAWARD MIGRATION; WATER TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC SALMON AB Understanding how oceanographic factors independently and interactively influence fish behavior, physiology, and survival is essential for predicting the impact of climate change on fish. Such predictions are especially challenging for highly migratory species such as salmon that experience a broad range of conditions. We applied a novel modeling approach that combines an individual-based particle model with a bioenergetics model to evaluate the effects of oceanographic variability on migration of post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Interannual variability in the surface current velocity and sea surface temperature differentially influenced post-smolt salmon migration. The magnitude, duration, and direction of the currents relative to a fish's intended swimming direction had the strongest influence on migration. Changes in ocean circulation led to changes in currents at a regional scale that have a similar, relative effect across multiple populations during out-migration. Results of this study suggest that the Nova Scotia Coastal Current has a strong influence on the migration pathways of migrating salmon through the Gulf of Maine. The influx of cool fresh water from the Arctic, observed in the early 1990s, changed the Nova Scotia Coastal Current and, as suggested by model results, could have dramatically influenced post-smolt salmon migration success. There was a trade-off between arriving at the destination quickly but at a small size and not arriving at the destination at all. Fish that took a long time to migrate had more opportunities to feed and encountered warmer summer waters, increasing their overall growth. C1 [Byron, Carrie J.] Univ New England, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Byron, Carrie J.; Pershing, Andrew J.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Pershing, Andrew J.; Xue, Huijie] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Stockwell, Jason D.] Univ Vermont, Rubenstein Ecosyst Sci Lab, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. [Kocik, John] NOAA, Fisheries Maine Field Stn, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Orono, ME 04473 USA. RP Byron, CJ (reprint author), Univ New England, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM cbyron@une.edu RI Byron, Carrie/B-6606-2014 OI Byron, Carrie/0000-0003-3820-7392 NR 66 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 54 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 2 BP 172 EP 189 DI 10.1111/fog.12052 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA AA6CF UT WOS:000331185700006 ER PT J AU Vidal, EAG Vecchione, M von Boletzky, S AF Vidal, Erica A. G. Vecchione, Mike von Boletzky, Sigurd TI Dedication to Professor Malcolm R. Clarke (1930-2013) SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Vidal, Erica A. G.] Univ Parana, Ctr Marine Studies, Pontal Do Parana, PR, Brazil. [Vecchione, Mike] Smithsonian Inst, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [von Boletzky, Sigurd] CNRS, Lab Arago, Banyuls Sur Mer, France. RP Vidal, EAG (reprint author), Univ Parana, Ctr Marine Studies, Pontal Do Parana, PR, Brazil. EM erica.vidal@ufpr.br NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2014 VL 725 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1789-x PG 1 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 302ZQ UT WOS:000330644400001 ER PT J AU Strugnell, JM Norman, MD Vecchione, M Guzik, M Allcock, AL AF Strugnell, Jan M. Norman, Mark D. Vecchione, Michael Guzik, Michelle Allcock, A. Louise TI The ink sac clouds octopod evolutionary history SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Octopoda; Evolution; Molecular; Phylogenetics ID LENGTH DIFFERENCE TEST; COLEOID CEPHALOPODS MOLLUSCA; MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; VULCANOCTOPUS-HYDROTHERMALIS; INCONGRUENCE; CHARACTER; OCTOPUSES; ORIGIN; MODEL AB Difficulties in elucidating the evolutionary history of the octopods have arisen from problems in identifying informative morphological characters. Recent classifications have divided the largest group, the incirrate octopods, into five groups. These include the pelagic superfamily Argonautoidea and three gelatinous pelagic families (Vitreledonellidae, Bolitaenidae, Amphitretidae). All benthic incirrate octopods have been accommodated in the family Octopodidae, itself divided into four subfamilies, Octopodinae, Eledoninae, Bathypolypodinae and Graneledoninae, which are defined by the presence or absence of an ink sac, and uniserial or biserial sucker arrangements on the arms. We used relaxed clock models in a Bayesian framework and maximum likelihood methods to analyse three nuclear and four mitochondrial genes of representatives from each of the previous subfamilies. Strong evidence indicates that the family Octopodidae is paraphyletic and contains the gelatinous pelagic families. The subfamilies of Octopodidae recognised in earlier works do not reflect evolutionary history. The following clades were supported in all analyses: (1) Eledone/Aphrodoctopus, (2) Callistoctopus/Grimpella/Macroctopus/Scaeurgus, (3) Abdopus/Ameloctopus/Amphioctopus/Cistopus/Hapalochlaena/Octopus, (4) Enteroctopus/Muusoctopus/Vulcanoctopus, (5) Vitreledonella/Japetella, (6) Southern Ocean endemic and deep-sea taxa with uniserial suckers. These clades form the basis for a suite of taxa assigned family taxonomic rank: Amphitretidae, Bathypolypodidae, Eledonidae, Enteroctopodidae, Megaleledonidae and Octopodidae sensu nov. They are placed within the superfamily Octopodoidea. C1 [Strugnell, Jan M.] La Trobe Univ, Dept Genet, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. [Norman, Mark D.] Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Vecchione, Michael] Smithsonian Inst, NMFS Natl Systemat Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Guzik, Michelle] Univ Adelaide, Australian Ctr Evolutionary Biol & Biodivers, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Adelaide, SA, Australia. [Allcock, A. Louise] Natl Univ Ireland, Sch Nat Sci, Galway, Ireland. [Allcock, A. Louise] Natl Univ Ireland, Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland. RP Strugnell, JM (reprint author), La Trobe Univ, Dept Genet, La Trobe Inst Mol Sci, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. EM J.Strugnell@latrobe.edu.au RI Allcock, Louise/A-7359-2012; Strugnell, Jan/P-9921-2016 OI Allcock, Louise/0000-0002-4806-0040; FU Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI) [NE/C506321/1]; Lloyd's Tercentenary Fellowship; Systematic Association grant; Antarctic Science Bursary; Edith Mary Pratt Musgrave fund FX Jan Strugnell was supported by Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Antarctic Funding Initiative (AFI) NE/C506321/1 (awarded to Louise Allcock), and a Lloyd's Tercentenary Fellowship, a Systematic Association grant, an Antarctic Science Bursary and the Edith Mary Pratt Musgrave fund. We are grateful to David Carlini, Joao Sendao, C.C. Lu, Malcom Smale, Sean Fennessey, Janet Voight and Roger Villanueva for providing tissue samples which made this study possible. The majority of the analyses in this paper were done on the CamGrid cluster at the University of Cambridge and we are grateful to the Cambridge eScience Centre for its support of the system. NR 88 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 55 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD MAR PY 2014 VL 725 IS 1 BP 215 EP 235 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1517-6 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 302ZQ UT WOS:000330644400018 ER PT J AU Salinas, S Munch, SB AF Salinas, Santiago Munch, Stephan B. TI Phenotypic complexity: integrated responses of life-history characters to multiple environmental factors SO EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phenotypic plasticity; phenotypic integration; reaction norm; growth rate; age at maturation; size at maturation ID PROBABILISTIC REACTION NORMS; MATURATION REACTION NORMS; BODY SHAPE; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; SHEEPSHEAD MINNOW; MORPHOLOGICAL INTEGRATION; GENETIC-VARIATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATLANTIC COD; MARINE FISH AB Question: Most of our theoretical and empirical knowledge of phenotypic plasticity is limited to changes in single traits under variation of a single environmental variable. Are insights drawn from this 'univariate' world-view different than if we were to study individuals as the integration of many traits in response to many environmental variables? Organism: Sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus, from Gulf Islands National Seashore, Florida. Methods: We reared individuals at different combinations of temperature and food availability (3 x 3 factorial design) over approximately 6 months. We measured growth, age and size at maturation, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and body shape. We also estimated levels of phenotypic integration and relative fitness for males and females in each of the nine treatments. Results/conclusions: Most traits responded to temperature and food directly and some exhibited interactions in their response. Phenotypic integration and fitness changed substantially under different environments, and differently for males versus females. Studying responses from this integrated perspective led to insights that could not have been obtained studying single traits or single environmental variables. C1 [Salinas, Santiago] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Salinas, S (reprint author), Univ Pacific, Dept Biol Sci, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. EM ssalinas@pacific.edu OI Salinas, Santiago/0000-0002-8400-4740 FU W.B. Turner fellowship FX We thank Geraldine Cripe for assistance during our collection trip and Bassem Allam for aquaculture supplies. Christian Castro, Jin Gao, Jessica Glynn, Christina Lotito, Christopher Martinez, Jo Anne Siskidis, Mark Sokolowski, Masatoshi Sugeno, and Alison Yee provided invaluable laboratory help throughout the long experiment. The manuscript was greatly improved by comments from editor Michael Kinnison, David Conover, Darcy Lonsdale, Marc Mangel, Joseph Travis, and Douglas Futuyma. S.S. was supported financially by the W.B. Turner fellowship during this work. NR 74 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 16 PU EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY LTD PI TUCSON PA UNIV ARIZONA, 321 BIOSCIENCES WEST, TUCSON, AZ 85721 USA SN 1522-0613 EI 1937-3791 J9 EVOL ECOL RES JI Evol. Ecol. Res. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 16 IS 3 BP 267 EP 284 PG 18 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA CC2XX UT WOS:000350209600006 ER PT J AU Johnson, GE Sather, NK Skalski, JR Teel, DJ AF Johnson, G. E. Sather, N. K. Skalski, J. R. Teel, D. J. TI Application of diversity indices to quantify early life-history diversity for Chinook salmon SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE Species diversity; Diversity index; Life history diversity; Chinook salmon; Juvenile salmon ID SHANNON-WIENER INDEX; LOWER COLUMBIA RIVER; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; PACIFIC SALMON; CONSISTENT TERMINOLOGY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PARTITIONING DIVERSITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ESTUARY; RICHNESS AB We developed an approach to quantify early life history diversity for Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Early life history diversity (ELHD) is the variation in morphological and behavioral traits expressed within and among populations by individual juvenile salmon during downstream migration. A standard quantitative method does not exist for this prominent concept in salmon biology. For Chinook salmon, ELHD reflects the multitude of possible strategies undertaken during the juvenile (fry through smolt) phases of their life cycle, where a life history strategy (or pattern) describes the combination of traits exhibited by an organism throughout its life cycle. Increasing life history diversity to improve resilience and aid recovery of diminished salmon and steelhead populations is a common objective in fish population recovery efforts. In this paper, we characterized early life history traits and prioritize timing and fish size as two appropriate, measurable dimensions for an ELHD index. We studied diversity index literature, identified an indexing approach based on the effective number of time-size trait combinations, and tested several candidate indices for performance and usefulness in case studies using juvenile salmon catch data from the lower Columbia River and estuary. The recommended ELHD index is diversity expressed as the effective number of time-size trait combinations for the Shannon Index, modified to include an adjustment for missing time-size trait combinations and a sample coverage factor. This index applies to multiple life history strategies of juvenile salmonids; incorporates fish abundance, richness, and evenness; and produces readily interpretable values. The ELHD index can support comparisons across like locales and examinations of trends through time at a given locale. It has application as a high-level indicator to track trends in the status of the recovery of salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River basin and elsewhere where salmon recovery efforts are under way. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Johnson, G. E.; Sather, N. K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. [Skalski, J. R.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. [Teel, D. J.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Johnson, GE (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, 1529 West Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382 USA. EM gary.johnson@pnnl.gov; nichole.sather@pnnl.gov; jrs@cbr.washington.edu; david.teel@noaa.gov OI Skalski, John/0000-0002-7070-2505 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through the Columbia River Fish Mitigation Project; Heida Diefenderfer; Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program FX This research was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers through the Columbia River Fish Mitigation Project, as instituted under the Anadromous Fish Evaluation Program. We appreciate: oversight from Blaine Ebberts and Cynthia Studebaker, technical leads for the funding agency; reviews of early reports in this effort by Billy Connor; Earl Dawley, Tracy Hillman, and Roy Kropp; compilation of literature by Erin Donley; maps by Amy Borde; genetic stock identifications by David Kuligowski; technical reviews by Heida Diefenderfer, Curtis Roegner, Nick Tolimieri, and Eric Ward; technical editing by Susan Ennor; project management, editing, and support from Heida Diefenderfer; and peer-reviews by two anonymous reviewers. NR 72 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X EI 1872-7034 J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 38 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.11.005 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 300XP UT WOS:000330497600019 ER PT J AU Lien, YH Su, NJ Sun, CL Punt, AE Yeh, SZ DiNardo, G AF Lien, Yung-Hsiang Su, Nan-Jay Sun, Chi-Lu Punt, Andre E. Yeh, Su-Zan DiNardo, Gerard TI Spatial and environmental determinants of the distribution of Striped Marlin (Kajikia audax) in the western and central North Pacific Ocean SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Spatial distribution; Oceanographic variables; Environmental preference; Generalized Additive Model ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CABO-SAN-LUCAS; TETRAPTURUS-AUDAX; LONGLINE FISHERIES; MAKAIRA-NIGRICANS; CATCH RATES; BLUE MARLIN; MOVEMENTS; HABITAT; CALIFORNIA AB Striped Marlin is a highly migratory species distributed throughout tropical and temperate waters in the North Pacific Ocean. The habitat characteristics of Striped Marlin in the western and central North Pacific Ocean were examined using generalized additive models by modelling fishery catch-rates as a function of remotely-sensed environmental covariates, including sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (CHL), mixed layer depth (MLD) and sea height anomalies (SHA). SST explained the largest proportion of the deviance, and is therefore considered the best predictor for the habitat of Striped Marlin. Spatial distributions of the relative density of Striped Marlin indicated that there is a seasonal north-south migration, and that the highest densities occur in the central North Pacific Ocean. The preferred habitat characteristics of Striped Marlin in high density areas were identified as SST between 23 and 26 A degrees C, MLD within 30 m depth, and CHL around 0.08 mg m(-3), while no preferred range was found for SHA. The results of this study could improve our understanding of Striped Marlin spatial distributions and habitat characteristics. C1 [Lien, Yung-Hsiang; Su, Nan-Jay; Sun, Chi-Lu; Yeh, Su-Zan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [DiNardo, Gerard] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Sun, CL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM chilu@ntu.edu.tw OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU National Science Council; Council of Agriculture (Taiwan) [NSC99-2611-M-002-013, 99AS-10.1.1-FA-F4(1), 100AS-10.1.1-FA-F3(1)] FX We thank the anonymous reviewers and editor for comments and suggestions. This study was carried out under a protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, National Taiwan University. This study was supported financially in part by the National Science Council and the Council of Agriculture (Taiwan) through the research grants NSC99-2611-M-002-013, 99AS-10.1.1-FA-F4(1), and 100AS-10.1.1-FA-F3(1) to Chi-Lu Sun. NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2014 VL 97 IS 3 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s10641-013-0149-z PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 298UQ UT WOS:000330350400005 ER PT J AU Wang, DB Ye, J Hudson, SD Scott, KCK Lin-Gibson, S AF Wang, Dongbo Ye, Jing Hudson, Steven D. Scott, Keana C. K. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Effects of nanoparticle size and charge on interactions with self-assembled collagen SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Adsorption; QCM-D; Toxicity; Biomineralization ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; NANOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; QCM-D; ADSORPTION; MINERALIZATION; FIBRILS; BINDING; PH AB Hypothesis: Insights into bone formation have suggested that the critical first step in the biomineralization process is the integration of small (nanometer dimension) mineral clusters into collagen fibers. Not only is such behavior of interest for understanding biomineralization but also should be important to nanotoxicology because collagen is a major component of structural tissues in the human body and accounts for more than 25% of the whole body protein content. Here, utilizing the current insights from biomineralization, we hypothesize that the binding affinity of nanoparticles to self-assembled collagen fibers is size and surface charge dependent. Experiments: We developed a self-assembled collagen substrate compatible with Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), which is very sensitive to mechanical changes of the substrate as a consequence of nanoparticle binding. QCM-D experiments were conducted with both positively and negatively charged gold nanoparticles between 2 and 10 nm in size. Complementary ex situ imaging Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm the QCM-D results. Findings: We find that both positively and negatively charged nanopartides of all sizes exhibited binding affinity for self-assembled collagen fibers. Furthermore, the smallest particles (2 nm) mechanically integrated with collagen fibers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Wang, Dongbo; Ye, Jing; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Scott, Keana C. K.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin-Gibson, S (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov RI Geracitano, Laura/E-6926-2013; Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [Y1-DE-7005-01]; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR) [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX This work is in part supported by an Interagency Agreement Y1-DE-7005-01 between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 84 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 EI 1095-7103 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2014 VL 417 BP 244 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.11.019 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 295BC UT WOS:000330090600031 PM 24407683 ER PT J AU Rynkun, P Jonsson, P Gaigalas, G Fischer, CF AF Rynkun, P. Jonsson, P. Gaigalas, G. Fischer, C. Froese TI Energies and E1, M1, E2, and M2 transition rates for states of the 2s(2)2p(3), 2s2p(4), and 2p(5) configurations in nitrogen-like ions between F III and Kr XXX SO ATOMIC DATA AND NUCLEAR DATA TABLES LA English DT Article ID I-ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; SPECTRAL-LINE INTENSITIES; FINE-STRUCTURE SPLITTINGS; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; ATOMIC DATA; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; FORBIDDEN LINES; PROBABILITIES; PROGRAM AB Based on relativistic wavefunctions from multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock and configuration interaction calculations, El, M1, E2, and M2 transition rates, weighted oscillator strengths, and lifetimes are evaluated for the states of the (1s(2))2s(2)2p(3), 2s2p(4), and 2p(5) configurations in all nitrogen-like ions between F III and Kr XXX. The wavefunction expansions include valence, core-valence, and core-core correlation effects through single-double multireference expansions to increasing sets of active orbitals. The computed energies agree very well with experimental values, with differences of only 300-600 cm(-1) for the majority of the levels and ions in the sequence. Computed transitions rates are in close agreement with available data from MCHF-BP calculations by Tachiev and Froese Fischer [G.I. Tachiev, C. Froese Fischer, A&A 385 (2002) 716]. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rynkun, P.; Gaigalas, G.] Lithuanian Univ Educ Sci, Dept Phys & Informat Technol, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Jonsson, P.] Malmo Univ, Grp Mat Sci & Appl Math, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. [Gaigalas, G.] Vilnius Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Fischer, C. Froese] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rynkun, P (reprint author), Lithuanian Univ Educ Sci, Dept Phys & Informat Technol, Studentu 39, LT-08106 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM pavel.rynkun@gmail.com RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637 FU Swedish research council FX The support from the Swedish research council is gratefully acknowledged. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0092-640X EI 1090-2090 J9 ATOM DATA NUCL DATA JI Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables PD MAR PY 2014 VL 100 IS 2 BP 315 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.adt.2013.05.003 PG 88 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 289KN UT WOS:000329681500001 ER PT J AU Zhu, C Chen, J Koziol, KK Gilman, JW Trulove, PC Rahatekar, SS AF Zhu, C. Chen, J. Koziol, K. K. Gilman, J. W. Trulove, P. C. Rahatekar, S. S. TI Effect of fibre spinning conditions on the electrical properties of cellulose and carbon nanotube composite fibres spun using ionic liquid as a benign solvent SO EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE nanocomposites; cellulose; ionic liquid; fibre spinning; conductivity ID 1-ALLYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; POLYMER MATRIX; DISSOLUTION; SYSTEMS; CHITIN; ACID; CONDUCTIVITY; ORIENTATION; TEMPERATURE AB The aim of this study was to develop electrically conductive fibres from cellulose. To achieve this, the effect of fibre extrusion speed and fibre winding speed on the degree of alignment of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), as well as the resulting electrical properties of the cellulose/MWNTs composite fibres were systematically studied. 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate (EMIMAc) was used as an environmentally benign solvent for dissolution of cellulose as well as for dispersion of MWNTs in the solution dope. To achieve good dispersion of MWNTs in the cellulose solution dope, MWNTs were non-covalently functionalized using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This significantly improved the dispersion of MWNTs in the solution dope. The degree of alignment of MWNTs after both fibre extrusion and winding, was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The degree of alignment of MWNTs was correlated with the electrical properties. A significant decrease in electrical conductivity accompanied the increase in degree of alignment of MWNTs when fibres were spun with higher extrusion speed. The decrease was also measured when fibres were spun with higher winding speed using a constant extrusion speed. However, the decrease in conductivity due to winding was low relative to fibres spun at highest extrusion speed. C1 [Zhu, C.; Rahatekar, S. S.] Univ Bristol, Adv Composites Ctr Innovat & Sci, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. [Chen, J.; Koziol, K. K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci & Met, Cambridge CB3 0FS, England. [Gilman, J. W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Div Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Trulove, P. C.] US Naval Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Rahatekar, SS (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Adv Composites Ctr Innovat & Sci, Bristol BS8 1TR, Avon, England. EM Sameer.Rahatekar@bristol.ac.uk FU Faculty of Engineering; Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NSQI); Faculty of Physics at the University of Bristol; Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research FX This work was supported by the Faculty of Engineering, the Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NSQI), the Faculty of Physics at the University of Bristol, and the Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy at the University of Cambridge. Prof. Paul C. Trulove and J.W Gilman wish to acknowledge funding from the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research. NR 44 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 9 U2 76 PU BUDAPEST UNIV TECHNOL & ECON PI BUDAPEST PA DEPT POLYMER ENG, MUEGYETEM RKP 3, BUDAPEST, H-1111, HUNGARY SN 1788-618X J9 EXPRESS POLYM LETT JI Express Polym. Lett. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 3 BP 154 EP 163 DI 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2014.19 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 284MB UT WOS:000329321100003 ER PT J AU Howell, JA Vaudin, MD Cook, RF AF Howell, Jane A. Vaudin, Mark D. Cook, Robert F. TI Orientation, stress, and strain in an (001) barium titanate single crystal with 90A degrees lamellar domains determined using electron backscatter diffraction SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; FERROELECTRIC DOMAINS; BATIO3 CERAMICS; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; IMAGING MICROSCOPY; PHASE-TRANSITION; CAPACITORS; RESOLUTION; TEMPERATURE; 90-DEGREES AB The orientation, stress, and strain in a single crystal of barium titanate (BaTiO3), containing relatively large (0.5-14.5 mu m), parallel, lamellar domains, have been determined and mapped using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The strain distribution in the single crystal was determined using cross-correlation analysis of the EBSD patterns. Strain in the (001) single crystal was dominated by strain in the minority a-domain bands with peak values of -0.006 determined in the surface plane, perpendicular to the intersection of the domain walls with the crystal surface, compared to +0.002 in the same direction for the majority c-domains. The out-of-plane strains were negatively correlated with the in-plane strains and were about a factor of two smaller. The experimentally determined strains peak at domain boundaries and suggest a contraction of the c-axis and an expansion of one of the a-axes as the domain wall is approached. The ratios of the in-plane and out-of-plane strains were consistent with the bulk elastic constants of BaTiO3. Stress values determined from the strains and the elastic constants peaked at 400 MPa. C1 [Howell, Jane A.; Vaudin, Mark D.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Howell, JA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.cook@nist.gov; jane.howell@nist.gov; mark.vaudin@nist.gov NR 50 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 37 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 EI 1573-4803 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 49 IS 5 BP 2213 EP 2224 DI 10.1007/s10853-013-7915-3 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 283LJ UT WOS:000329247300032 ER PT J AU Hoef, JMV Cameron, MF Boveng, PL London, JM Moreland, EE AF Hoef, Jay M. Ver Cameron, Michael F. Boveng, Peter L. London, Josh M. Moreland, Erin E. TI A spatial hierarchical model for abundance of three ice-associated seal species in the eastern Bering Sea SO STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Conditional autoregressive; Line transect; Sampling; Spatial linear model; Detection ID PRODUCTS AB Estimating the abundance of seals inhabiting sea ice is complicated because the areas are large, the ice area and distribution may change rapidly, and it is impractical to detect and count a (typically unknown) portion of the population that is in the water, rather than hauled out on the ice. We propose a method for resolving these issues by using a series of daily estimates that are imprecise by themselves, but yield an acceptable estimate when they are combined. Population surveys of spotted seals, ribbon seals and bearded seals were conducted over 279,880 km(2) of the Bering Sea between 13 April and 26 May 2007. During that period, the sea-ice conditions and spatial distribution of seals changed dramatically. We surveyed 2748 km(2) using line transect methods from a helicopter deployed from the US Coast Guard icebreaker Healy. Corrections for incomplete availability of seals used a generalized linear mixed model for seal haul-out probability using sensors on seals with data transmitted by satellite. We accounted for incomplete detection through standard distance-sampling methods along with a double-observer model. The availability and detection models were combined in a data model for local abundance in space and time. To accommodate the shifting ice and seal movements, we then developed a hierarchical spatially-autocorrelated regression model using remotely sensed sea ice concentration data to predict abundance at each survey date. While abundance estimation was very imprecise for each date, we were able to combine them to obtain good estimates of overall population abundance even though the population was spatially dynamic. The proposed hierarchical model combined submodels and accounted for their sources of uncertainty. Spotted seals were most abundant within the study area (233,700, 95% Cl 137,300-793,100), followed by bearded seals (61,800, 95% Cl 34,900-171,600) and ribbon seals (61,100, 95% Cl 35,200-189,300). Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hoef, Jay M. Ver; Cameron, Michael F.; Boveng, Peter L.; London, Josh M.; Moreland, Erin E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hoef, JMV (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 757345, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM jay.verhoef@noaa.gov OI London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046; Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center; Tribal Wildlife Grants Program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service [U-4-IT] FX This project received financial support from NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. The authors thank Jeff Laake for sharing insights on distance sampling methods, and the point independence model in particular. Most of the bearded seal haul-out data were collected and made available by the Native Village of Kotzebue and the Alaska department of Fish and Game, with support from the Tribal Wildlife Grants Program of the US Fish and Wildlife Service (Grant Number U-4-IT). The satellite telemetry studies were conducted under the authority of Marine Mammal Protection Act Scientific Research Permits 15126, 782-1765, 782-1676, and 358-1787. The National Science Foundation provided crucial in kind support for vessel and helicopter operations used in the survey. The authors wish to thank an anonymous guest editor and reviewer for helpful suggestions. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3127 EI 1878-0954 J9 STAT METHODOL JI Stat. Methodol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 17 SI SI BP 46 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.stamet.2013.03.001 PG 21 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 285SW UT WOS:000329416300005 ER PT J AU Zipkin, EF Leirness, JB Kinlan, BP O'Connell, AF Silverman, ED AF Zipkin, Elise F. Leirness, Jeffery B. Kinlan, Brian P. O'Connell, Allan F. Silverman, Emily D. TI Fitting statistical distributions to sea duck count data: Implications for survey design and abundance estimation SO STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Common eiders; Discretized lognormal; Group size modeling; Long-tailed ducks; Marked point process; Model selection; Negative binomial; Scoters ID GROUP-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; COMMON EIDERS; SURF SCOTERS; FLOCK SIZE; WIND FARMS; POWER LAWS; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; SEABIRDS; REGRESSION AB Determining appropriate statistical distributions for modeling animal count data is important for accurate estimation of abundance, distribution, and trends. In the case of sea ducks along the U.S. Atlantic coast, managers want to estimate local and regional abundance to detect and track population declines, to define areas of high and low use, and to predict the impact of future habitat change on populations. In this paper, we used a modified marked point process to model survey data that recorded flock sizes of Common eiders, Long-tailed ducks, and Black, Surf, and White-winged scoters. The data come from an experimental aerial survey, conducted by the United States Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) Division of Migratory Bird Management, during which east-west transects were flown along the Atlantic Coast from Maine to Florida during the winters of 2009-2011. To model the number of flocks per transect (the points), we compared the fit of four statistical distributions (zero-inflated Poisson, zero-inflated geometric, zero-inflated negative binomial and negative binomial) to data on the number of species-specific sea duck flocks that were recorded for each transect flown. To model the flock sizes (the marks), we compared the fit of flock size data for each species to seven statistical distributions: positive Poisson, positive negative binomial, positive geometric, logarithmic, discretized lognormal, zeta and Yule-Simon. Akaike's Information Criterion and Vuong's closeness tests indicated that the negative binomial and discretized lognormal were the best distributions for all species for the points and marks, respectively. These findings have important implications for estimating sea duck-abundances as the discretized lognormal is a more skewed distribution than the Poisson and negative binomial, which are frequently used to model avian counts; the lognormal is also less heavy-tailed than the power law distributions (e.g., zeta and Yule-Simon), which are becoming increasingly popular for group size modeling. Choosing appropriate statistical distributions for modeling flock size data is fundamental to accurately estimating population summaries, determining required survey effort, and assessing and propagating uncertainty through decision-making processes. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zipkin, Elise F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Leirness, Jeffery B.; Silverman, Emily D.] USFWS Div Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. [Leirness, Jeffery B.] Univ Delaware, Dept Entomol & Wildlife Ecol, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kinlan, Brian P.] Consolidated Safety Serv Inc, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [O'Connell, Allan F.] USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Zipkin, EF (reprint author), USGS Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, 12100 Beech Forest Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. EM ezipkin@usgs.gov OI Kinlan, Brian/0000-0001-7736-1726 FU Sea Duck Joint Venture; Atlantic Coast Joint Venture; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management; Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Office of Renewable Energy Programs [M12PG00068]; US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; NOAA [DG133C07NC0616]; Consolidated Safety Services, Inc. FX The authors would like to thank the many pilots and observers for collecting the data for this study: pilots J. Bredy, J. Bidwell, C. Ferguson, M. Koneff, T. Liddick, W. Rhodes, F. Roetker, J. Solberg, and J. Wortham; observers N. Carle, S. Earsom, D. Forsell, T. Jones, T. Lewis, H. Obrecht, P. Padding, M. Perry, and T. White. We would also like to thank K. Fleming, K. Luke, and D. Saalfeld for data and GIS support and A. Royle and D. Rypkema for comments on an earlier draft. Data collection was funded in part by the Sea Duck Joint Venture, the Atlantic Coast Joint Venture, and the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management. Data analysis and model development were funded in part by the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Office of Renewable Energy Programs through Interagency Agreement M12PG00068 with the US Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. B.P.K. was supported under NOAA Contract No. DG133C07NC0616 with Consolidated Safety Services, Inc. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3127 EI 1878-0954 J9 STAT METHODOL JI Stat. Methodol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 17 SI SI BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1016/j.stamet.2012.10.002 PG 15 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 285SW UT WOS:000329416300006 ER PT J AU Hooten, MB Hanks, EM Johnson, DS Alldredge, MW AF Hooten, M. B. Hanks, E. M. Johnson, D. S. Alldredge, M. W. TI Temporal variation and scale in movement-based resource selection functions SO STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Animal movement; Kullback-Leibler; Telemetry data ID PRESENCE-ONLY DATA; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; WEIGHTED DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; HABITAT SELECTION; TELEMETRY DATA; MODEL; FRAMEWORK; AUTOCORRELATION; DISPERSAL AB A common population characteristic of interest in animal ecology studies pertains to the selection of resources. That is, given the resources available to animals, what do they ultimately choose to use? A variety of statistical approaches have been employed to examine this question and each has advantages and disadvantages with respect to the form of available data and the properties of estimators given model assumptions. A wealth of high resolution telemetry data are now being collected to study animal population movement and space use and these data present both challenges and opportunities for statistical inference. We summarize traditional methods for resource selection and then describe several extensions to deal with measurement uncertainty and an explicit movement process that exists in studies involving high-resolution telemetry data. Our approach uses a correlated random walk movement model to obtain temporally varying use and availability distributions that are employed in a weighted distribution context to estimate selection coefficients. The temporally varying coefficients are then weighted by their contribution to selection and combined to provide inference at the population level. The result is an intuitive and accessible statistical procedure that uses readily available software and is computationally feasible for large datasets. These methods are demonstrated using data collected as part of a large-scale mountain lion monitoring study in Colorado, USA. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Hooten, M. B.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Hooten, M. B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hooten, M. B.; Hanks, E. M.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Johnson, D. S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Alldredge, M. W.] Colorado Pk & Wildlife, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Hooten, MB (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM Mevin.Hooten@colostate.edu FU Colorado Parks and Wildlife [1201] FX Funding for this project was provided by Colorado Parks and Wildlife (#1201). The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. NR 52 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1572-3127 EI 1878-0954 J9 STAT METHODOL JI Stat. Methodol. PD MAR PY 2014 VL 17 SI SI BP 82 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.stamet.2012.12.001 PG 17 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 285SW UT WOS:000329416300007 ER PT J AU Li, W Ni, B Thorne, RM Bortnik, J Nishimura, Y Green, JC Kletzing, CA Kurth, WS Hospodarsky, GB Spence, HE Reeves, GD Blake, JB Fennell, JF Claudepierre, SG Gu, X AF Li, W. Ni, B. Thorne, R. M. Bortnik, J. Nishimura, Y. Green, J. C. Kletzing, C. A. Kurth, W. S. Hospodarsky, G. B. Spence, H. E. Reeves, G. D. Blake, J. B. Fennell, J. F. Claudepierre, S. G. Gu, X. TI Quantifying hiss-driven energetic electron precipitation: A detailed conjunction event analysis SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE plasmaspheric hiss; electron precipitation; infer hiss wave amplitudes ID RADIATION-BELT ELECTRONS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; PITCH-ANGLE; EVOLUTION; WAVES; RING AB We analyze a conjunction event between the Van Allen Probes and the low-altitude Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) to quantify hiss-driven energetic electron precipitation. A physics-based technique based on quasi-linear diffusion theory is used to estimate the ratio of precipitated and trapped electron fluxes (R), which could be measured by the two-directional POES particle detectors, using wave and plasma parameters observed by the Van Allen Probes. The remarkable agreement between modeling and observations suggests that this technique is applicable for quantifying hiss-driven electron scattering near the bounce loss cone. More importantly, R in the 100-300keV energy channel measured by multiple POES satellites over a broad L magnetic local time region can potentially provide the spatiotemporal evolution of global hiss wave intensity, which is essential in evaluating radiation belt electron dynamics, but cannot be obtained by in situ equatorial satellites alone. Key Points Measured and calculated hiss Bw from POES electron measurements agree well Electron ratio measured by POES is able to estimate hiss wave intensity This technique can be used to provide global hiss wave distribution C1 [Li, W.; Ni, B.; Thorne, R. M.; Bortnik, J.; Nishimura, Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Green, J. C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kletzing, C. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Hospodarsky, G. B.] Univ Iowa, Dept Phys & Astron, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Spence, H. E.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Reeves, G. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Space Sci & Applicat Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Blake, J. B.; Fennell, J. F.; Claudepierre, S. G.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Gu, X.] Wuhan Univ, Dept Space Phys, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. RP Li, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM moonli@atmos.ucla.edu RI Li, Wen/F-3722-2011; Reeves, Geoffrey/E-8101-2011; OI Reeves, Geoffrey/0000-0002-7985-8098; Kletzing, Craig/0000-0002-4136-3348; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205; Kurth, William/0000-0002-5471-6202; Hospodarsky, George/0000-0001-9200-9878 FU JHU/APL under NASA [967399, 921647, NAS5-01072]; EMFISIS [1001057397: 01]; ECT [13-041]; NASA [NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, NNX13AI61G] FX This work was supported by JHU/APL contracts 967399 and 921647 under NASA's prime contract NAS5-01072. The analysis at UCLA was supported by the EMFISIS subaward 1001057397: 01, ECT subaward 13-041, NASA grants NNX11AD75G, NNX11AR64G, and NNX13AI61G. We also thank the World Data Center for Geomagnetism, Kyoto for providing AU and AL index used in this study. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1092 DI 10.1002/2013GL059132 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1VV UT WOS:000333022700002 ER PT J AU Wenegrat, JO McPhaden, MJ Lien, RC AF Wenegrat, Jacob O. McPhaden, Michael J. Lien, Ren-Chieh TI Wind stress and near-surface shear in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE eddy viscosity ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; CURRENTS; PARAMETERIZATION; LAYER; WAVES AB The upper ocean response to wind stress is examined using 8 months of unique near-surface moored velocity, temperature, and salinity data at 0 degrees N, 23 degrees W in the equatorial Atlantic. The effects of wind stress and shear on the time-varying eddy viscosity are inferred using the surface shear-stress boundary condition. Parameterizations of eddy viscosity as a function of wind stress and shear versus wind stress alone are then examined. In principle, eddy viscosity should be proportional to the inverse shear, but how it is represented implicitly or explicitly can affect estimates of the near-surface flow field. This result may explain some discrepancies that have arisen from using parameterizations based only on wind stress to characterize the effects of turbulent momentum mixing. Key Points Near-surface shear must be considered in parameterizations of eddy viscosity Wind stress-dependent eddy viscosities may result in biased estimates of shear Eddy viscosity models that explicitly include the mean shear are proposed C1 [Wenegrat, Jacob O.; McPhaden, Michael J.; Lien, Ren-Chieh] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lien, Ren-Chieh] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Wenegrat, JO (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wenegrat@uw.edu RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU NOAA; NSF [OCE1029488] FX The authors thank Patricia Plimpton for the initial processing of ADCP data, and two anonymous reviewers for their critical reading and feedback. J. O. W. and M. J. M. were supported by NOAA, and R.-C. L. was supported by NSF grant OCE1029488. PMEL contribution 4020 and JISAO contribution 2120. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1226 EP 1231 DI 10.1002/2013GL059149 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1VV UT WOS:000333022700021 ER PT J AU Bradford, AL Forney, KA Oleson, EM Barlow, J AF Bradford, Amanda L. Forney, Karin A. Oleson, Erin M. Barlow, Jay TI Accounting for Subgroup Structure in Line-Transect Abundance Estimates of False Killer Whales (Pseudorca crassidens) in Hawaiian Waters SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; RESPONSIVE MOVEMENT; SOCIAL UNITS; ISLANDS; POPULATION; CETACEANS; PATTERNS; BEHAVIOR; HABITAT; DESIGN AB For biological populations that form aggregations (or clusters) of individuals, cluster size is an important parameter in line-transect abundance estimation and should be accurately measured. Cluster size in cetaceans has traditionally been represented as the total number of individuals in a group, but group size may be underestimated if group members are spatially diffuse. Groups of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) can comprise numerous subgroups that are dispersed over tens of kilometers, leading to a spatial mismatch between a detected group and the theoretical framework of line-transect analysis. Three stocks of false killer whales are found within the U. S. Exclusive Economic Zone of the Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiian EEZ): an insular main Hawaiian Islands stock, a pelagic stock, and a Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) stock. A ship-based line-transect survey of the Hawaiian EEZ was conducted in the summer and fall of 2010, resulting in six systematic-effort visual sightings of pelagic (n = 5) and NWHI (n = 1) false killer whale groups. The maximum number and spatial extent of subgroups per sighting was 18 subgroups and 35 km, respectively. These sightings were combined with data from similar previous surveys and analyzed within the conventional line-transect estimation framework. The detection function, mean cluster size, and encounter rate were estimated separately to appropriately incorporate data collected using different methods. Unlike previous line-transect analyses of cetaceans, subgroups were treated as the analytical cluster instead of groups because subgroups better conform to the specifications of line-transect theory. Bootstrap values (n = 5,000) of the line-transect parameters were randomly combined to estimate the variance of stock-specific abundance estimates. Hawai'i pelagic and NWHI false killer whales were estimated to number 1,552 (CV = 0.66; 95% CI = 479-5,030) and 552 (CV = 1.09; 95% CI = 97-3,123) individuals, respectively. Subgroup structure is an important factor to consider in line-transect analyses of false killer whales and other species with complex grouping patterns. C1 [Bradford, Amanda L.; Oleson, Erin M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Species Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Barlow, Jay] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Bradford, AL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Protected Species Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM amanda.bradford@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This study was supported by the National Marine Fisheries Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 14 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 28 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e90464 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090464 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC3DW UT WOS:000332396200206 PM 24587372 ER PT J AU Luo, XH Ogut, S Yildirim, T AF Luo, Xuhui Oeguet, Serdar Yildirim, T. TI Giant charge fluctuations with Se height and Fe-vacancy formation in MxFe2-ySe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GAP AB From first-principles calculations we show that there is an intimate relationship between the Se height and the spin configuration of the underlying Fe square in M(x)Fe(2-y)Se2, where M denotes an alkali metal. A displacement of the Se atom by an amount as small as 0.2 angstrom is enough to change the amount of charge in the Fe plane by as much as 0.8 electrons per Fe. The height of the Se atom above the Fe square increases as the number of ferromagnetic Fe-Fe bonds increases, yielding an expansion of 2 A in the c axis for the fully ferromagnetic spin configuration, which suggests the presence of a giant magnetoelastic coupling in this system. Interestingly, the strong coupling between the Se height and the spin configuration of the underlying Fe square is found to be rather local, such that both the energetics and the structural parameters of the root 5 x root 5 phase can be understood in terms of three different magnetic configurations of the ideal 122 structure. We show that the formation of Fe vacancies is energetically favorable and that their presence changes the ground state from double-stripe to block-antiferromagnetic ordering. The formation of K vacancies is found to be energetically unfavorable. C1 [Luo, Xuhui; Oeguet, Serdar] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. [Luo, Xuhui; Yildirim, T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yildirim, T.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; LUO, XUHUI/C-5314-2017 FU NSF; Office of Science of the US Department of Energy FX S.O. acknowledges support by the NSF under the Independent Research and Development program while working at the Foundation. This research partially used resources of NERSC, which is supported by the Office of Science of the US Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 28 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 AR 054519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.054519 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC3LQ UT WOS:000332420900007 ER PT J AU Blair, A Lovelace, S Sanger, D Holland, AF Vandiver, L White, S AF Blair, A. Lovelace, S. Sanger, D. Holland, A. F. Vandiver, L. White, S. TI Exploring impacts of development and climate change on stormwater runoff SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE climate change; coastal resource management; development; land use change; modeling; southeast coastal plain; stormwater runoff ID SOUTH-CAROLINA; WATER-QUALITY; LAND-USE; URBANIZATION; HELSINGBORG; LANDSCAPE; DRAINAGE; SWEDEN AB Stormwater runoff is a leading cause of non-point source pollution in urbanizing areas, and runoff effects will be exacerbated by climate's changing patterns of precipitation. To enhance understanding of impacts of development and climate change on stormwater runoff in small watersheds (< 6500ha), we developed the Stormwater Runoff Modeling System (SWARM), a simple modeling system based on U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service curve number and unit hydrograph methods. The objective of this paper is to describe the applications possible with SWARM and to demonstrate its usefulness in exploring the impacts of development and climate change on runoff. Results encompass a range of impact scenarios. One development scenario shows that the amount of rainfall converted to runoff is 27% for an undeveloped area and 67% for a highly developed area. A climate scenario shows that the amount of rainfall converted to runoff in a medium developed area is 25% in drought conditions and 76% in wet conditions. User-friendly templates make SWARM a good tool for scientific research, for resource management and decision making, and for community science education. The modeling system also supports the investigation of social and economic impacts to communities as they adapt to increased development and climate change. Although we calibrated SWARM specifically to the southeast coastal plain, it can be applied to other regions by recalibrating parameters and modifying calculation templates. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Blair, A.; Lovelace, S.] NOAA, JHT Inc, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sanger, D.] South Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Vandiver, L.] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [White, S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Blair, A (reprint author), Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Anne.Blair@noaa.gov RI feng, yongzhong/F-5090-2012 OI feng, yongzhong/0000-0002-5202-4368 FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium; NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative; NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science at Hollings Marine Laboratory FX We thank C. Bowker, D. White, M. Messersmith, G. DiDonato, and C. Woelfle-Erskine for support and advice; J. Cole for editing and insights; and South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium for support. We are very grateful to J. King, J. Jacobs, and G. Piniak for providing helpful comments and suggestions. This project is supported by NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative and NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science at Hollings Marine Laboratory. Marine Resources Center Contribution Number 705. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 28 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 5 BP 2844 EP 2854 DI 10.1002/hyp.9840 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA AA7CM UT WOS:000331254700010 ER PT J AU Schiferl, LD Heald, CL Nowak, JB Holloway, JS Neuman, JA Bahreini, R Pollack, IB Ryerson, TB Wiedinmyer, C Murphy, JG AF Schiferl, Luke D. Heald, Colette L. Nowak, John B. Holloway, John S. Neuman, J. Andrew Bahreini, Roya Pollack, Ilana B. Ryerson, Thomas B. Wiedinmyer, Christine Murphy, Jennifer G. TI An investigation of ammonia and inorganic particulate matter in California during the CalNex campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE ammonia; inorganic PM; California; CalNex; GEOS-Chem; emissions ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; SAN-JOAQUIN-VALLEY; UNITED-STATES; AIR-QUALITY; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; EMISSION INVENTORY; REACTIVE NITROGEN; MODEL; NITRATE; DEPOSITION AB Airborne observations from the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) campaign in May and June 2010 are used to investigate the role of ammonia (NH3) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) formation and surface air quality in California and test the key processes relevant to inorganic aerosol formation in the GEOS-Chem model. Concentrations of ammonia throughout California, sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the Central Valley, and ammonium nitrate in the Los Angeles (LA) area are underestimated several-fold in the model. We find that model concentrations are relatively insensitive to uncertainties in gas-particle partitioning and deposition processes in the region. Conversely, increases to anthropogenic livestock ammonia emissions (by a factor of 5) and anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions in the Central Valley (by a factor of 3-10) and a reduction of anthropogenic NOx emissions (by 30%) substantially reduce the bias in the simulation of gases (SO2, NH3, HNO3) throughout California and PM2.5 near LA, although the exact magnitudes of emissions in the region remain uncertain. Using these modified emissions, we investigate year-round PM2.5 air quality in California. The model reproduces the wintertime maximum in surface ammonium nitrate concentrations in the Central Valley (regional mean concentrations are three times higher in December than in June), associated with lower planetary boundary layer heights and colder temperatures, and the wintertime minimum in the LA region (regional mean concentrations are two times higher in June than December) associated with ammonia limitation. Year round, we attribute at least 50% of the inorganic PM2.5 mass simulated throughout California to anthropogenic ammonia emissions. C1 [Schiferl, Luke D.; Heald, Colette L.] MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Heald, Colette L.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Nowak, John B.; Holloway, John S.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Bahreini, Roya; Pollack, Ilana B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nowak, John B.; Holloway, John S.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Bahreini, Roya; Pollack, Ilana B.; Ryerson, Thomas B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wiedinmyer, Christine] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Murphy, Jennifer G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. RP Schiferl, LD (reprint author), MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM schiferl@mit.edu RI Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Pollack, Ilana/F-9875-2012; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; FU NOAA [NA12OAR4310064]; EPA-STAR program; United States Environmental Protection Agency [GAD R83374] FX This work was supported by NOAA (grant NA12OAR4310064) and the EPA-STAR program. Although the research described in this article has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through grant/cooperative agreement (GAD R83374), it has not been subjected to the Agency's required peer and policy review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency and no official endorsement should be inferred. The authors thank A. Middlebrook for CalNex AMS measurements, S. McKeen for NEI-2005 emissions sectors, A. van Donkelaar for NEI emissions gridding, J. Mao for implementation of FINN into GEOS-Chem, the GEOS-Chem support staff and community for model documentation and issue resolution, and J. Collett, Jr., J. Ham, and L. Russell for valuable discussions. NR 59 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1883 EP 1902 DI 10.1002/2013JD020765 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD3KP UT WOS:000333138300016 ER PT J AU Rollins, AW Thornberry, TD Gao, RS Smith, JB Sayres, DS Sargent, MR Schiller, C Kramer, M Spelten, N Hurst, DF Jordan, AF Hall, EG Vomel, H Diskin, GS Podolske, JR Christensen, LE Rosenlof, KH Jensen, EJ Fahey, DW AF Rollins, A. W. Thornberry, T. D. Gao, R. S. Smith, J. B. Sayres, D. S. Sargent, M. R. Schiller, C. Kraemer, M. Spelten, N. Hurst, D. F. Jordan, A. F. Hall, E. G. Voemel, H. Diskin, G. S. Podolske, J. R. Christensen, L. E. Rosenlof, K. H. Jensen, E. J. Fahey, D. W. TI Evaluation of UT/LS hygrometer accuracy by intercomparison during the NASA MACPEX mission SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE water vapor; UT; LS ID STRATOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; DIODE-LASER HYGROMETER; ICE SUPERSATURATIONS; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; CIRRUS CLOUDS; DATA PRODUCTS; OPEN-PATH; SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION; TROPOSPHERE AB Acquiring accurate measurements of water vapor at the low mixing ratios (<10ppm) encountered in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) has proven to be a significant analytical challenge evidenced by persistent disagreements between high-precision hygrometers. These disagreements have caused uncertainties in the description of the physical processes controlling dehydration of air in the tropical tropopause layer and entry of water into the stratosphere and have hindered validation of satellite water vapor retrievals. A 2011 airborne intercomparison of a large group of in situ hygrometers onboard the NASA WB-57F high-altitude research aircraft and balloons has provided an excellent opportunity to evaluate progress in the scientific community toward improved measurement agreement. In this work we intercompare the measurements from the Midlatitude Airborne Cirrus Properties Experiment (MACPEX) and discuss the quality of agreement. Differences between values reported by the instruments were reduced in comparison to some prior campaigns but were nonnegligible and on the order of 20% (0.8ppm). Our analysis suggests that unrecognized errors in the quantification of instrumental background for some or all of the hygrometers are a likely cause. Until these errors are understood, differences at this level will continue to somewhat limit our understanding of cirrus microphysical processes and dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer. C1 [Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Gao, R. S.; Rosenlof, K. H.; Fahey, D. W.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rollins, A. W.; Thornberry, T. D.; Hurst, D. F.; Jordan, A. F.; Hall, E. G.; Fahey, D. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smith, J. B.; Sayres, D. S.; Sargent, M. R.] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Schiller, C.; Kraemer, M.; Spelten, N.] Forschungszentrum Julich, IEK 7, D-52425 Julich, Germany. [Hurst, D. F.; Jordan, A. F.; Hall, E. G.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Voemel, H.] GRUAN Deutsch Wetterdienst, Lindenberg, Germany. [Diskin, G. S.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Podolske, J. R.; Jensen, E. J.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Christensen, L. E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Rollins, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andrew.rollins@noaa.gov RI Rollins, Andrew/G-7214-2012; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Kramer, Martina/A-7482-2013; Schiller, Cornelius/B-1004-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NASA; NOAA Climate Program Office; NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX The authors thank NASA for MACPEX funding and the ground and aircrews of the NASA WB-57F for their support during the mission. We thank T. Peter for helpful discussions with regard to the manuscript. Support for NOAA and CIRES researchers was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office, the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 1915 EP 1935 DI 10.1002/2013JD020817 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD3KP UT WOS:000333138300018 ER PT J AU Parshall, D Heid, R Niedziela, JL Wolf, T Stone, MB Abernathy, DL Reznik, D AF Parshall, D. Heid, R. Niedziela, J. L. Wolf, Th. Stone, M. B. Abernathy, D. L. Reznik, D. TI Phonon spectrum of SrFe2As2 determined using multizone phonon refinement SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB The ferropnictidesuperconductors exhibit a sensitive interplay between the lattice and magnetic degrees of freedom, including a number of phonon modes that are much softer than predicted by nonmagnetic calculations using density functional theory (DFT). However, it is not known what effect, if any, the long-range magnetic order has on phonon frequencies above 23 meV, where several phonon branches are very closely spaced in energy and it is challenging to isolate them from each other. We measured these phonons using inelastic time-of-flight neutron scattering in approximate to 40 Brillouin zones, and developed a technique to determine their frequencies. We find this method capable of determining phonon energies to approximate to 0.1 meV accuracy, and that the DFT calculations using the experimental structure yield qualitatively correct energies and eigenvectors. We do not find any effect of the magnetic transition on these phonons. C1 [Parshall, D.; Reznik, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heid, R.; Wolf, Th.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Niedziela, J. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Instrument & Source Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Stone, M. B.; Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Parshall, D (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM parshall@nist.gov RI Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; FU DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-SC0006939]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX D.P and D.R. were supported by the DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-SC0006939. The research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 27 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 6 AR 064310 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.064310 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC3LD UT WOS:000332419200003 ER PT J AU Almand-Hunter, AE Li, H Cundiff, ST Mootz, M Kira, M Koch, SW AF Almand-Hunter, A. E. Li, H. Cundiff, S. T. Mootz, M. Kira, M. Koch, S. W. TI Quantum droplets of electrons and holes SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; LIQUID; PSEUDOGAP; SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION; STATES; PHASE; ORDER AB Interacting many-body systems are characterized by stable configurations of objects-ranging from elementary particles to cosmological formations(1-3)-that also act as building blocks for more complicated structures. It is often possible to incorporate interactions in theoretical treatments of crystalline solids by introducing suitable quasiparticles that have an effective mass, spin or charge(4,5) which in turn affects the material's conductivity, optical response or phase transitions(2,6,7). Additional quasiparticle interactions may also create strongly correlated configurations yielding new macroscopic phenomena, such as the emergence of a Mott insulator(8), superconductivity or the pseudogap phase of high-temperature superconductors(9-11). In semiconductors, a conduction-band electron attracts a valence-band hole (electronic vacancy) to create a bound pair, known as an exciton(12,13), which is yet another quasiparticle. Two excitons may also bind together to give molecules, often referred to as biexcitons(14), and even polyexcitons may exist(15,16). In indirect-gap semiconductors such as germanium or silicon, a thermodynamic phase transition may produce electron-hole droplets whose diameter can approach the micrometre range(17,18). In direct-gap semiconductors such as gallium arsenide, the exciton lifetime is too short for such a thermodynamic process. Instead, different quasiparticle configurations are stabilized dominantly by many-body interactions, not by thermalization. The resulting non-equilibrium quantum kinetics is so complicated that stable aggregates containing three or more Coulomb-correlated electron-hole pairs remain mostly unexplored. Here we study such complex aggregates and identify a new stable configuration of charged particles that we call a quantum droplet. This configuration exists in a plasma and exhibits quantization owing to its small size. It is charge neutral and contains a small number of particles with a pair-correlation function that is characteristic of a liquid. We present experimental and theoretical evidence for the existence of quantum droplets in an electron-hole plasma created in a gallium arsenide quantum well by ultrashort optical pulses. C1 [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Li, H.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mootz, M.; Kira, M.; Koch, S. W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Kira, M (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM mackillo.kira@physik.uni-marburg.de RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Kira, Mackillo/G-5812-2015 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [KI 917/2-1]; NSF [1125844]; NIST; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank R. Mirin at NIST-Boulder for growing the quantum well samples. The work at Philipps-University Marburg was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under grant KI 917/2-1, and the work at JILA was supported by the NSF under grant 1125844 and by NIST. S. T. C. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. NR 29 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 112 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 27 PY 2014 VL 506 IS 7489 BP 471 EP 475 DI 10.1038/nature12994 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC0DN UT WOS:000332165100034 PM 24572422 ER PT J AU Silverstein, HJ Fritsch, K Flicker, F Hallas, AM Gardner, JS Qiu, Y Ehlers, G Savici, AT Yamani, Z Ross, KA Gaulin, BD Gingras, MJP Paddison, JAM Foyevtsova, K Valenti, R Hawthorne, F Wiebe, CR Zhou, HD AF Silverstein, H. J. Fritsch, K. Flicker, F. Hallas, A. M. Gardner, J. S. Qiu, Y. Ehlers, G. Savici, A. T. Yamani, Z. Ross, K. A. Gaulin, B. D. Gingras, M. J. P. Paddison, J. A. M. Foyevtsova, K. Valenti, R. Hawthorne, F. Wiebe, C. R. Zhou, H. D. TI Liquidlike correlations in single-crystalline Y2Mo2O7: An unconventional spin glass SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRICALLY FRUSTRATED ANTIFERROMAGNETS; PYROCHLORE ANTI-FERROMAGNET; INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; WAVE BASIS-SET; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; R2MO2O7 R; DISORDER; BEHAVIOR AB The spin-glass behavior of Y2Mo2O7 has remained a puzzle for nearly three decades. Free of bulk disorder within the resolution of powder diffraction methods, it is thought that this material is a rare realization of a spin glass resulting from weak disorder such as bond disorder or local lattice distortions. Here we report on the single-crystal growth of Y2Mo2O7. Using neutron scattering, we present isotropic magnetic diffuse scattering occurring below the spin-glass transition. Our attempts to model the diffuse scattering using a computationally exhaustive search of a class of simple spin Hamiltonians show no agreement with the experimentally observed energy-integrated (diffuse) neutron scattering. This suggests that spin degrees of freedom are insufficient to describe this system. Indeed, a T-2 temperature dependence in the heat capacity and density functional theory calculations hint at the presence of a significant frozen degeneracy in both the spin and orbital degrees of freedom resulting from spin-orbital coupling (Kugel-Khomskii type) and random fluctuations in the Mo environment at the local level. C1 [Silverstein, H. J.; Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Fritsch, K.; Hallas, A. M.; Ross, K. A.; Gaulin, B. D.; Wiebe, C. R.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Flicker, F.; Gingras, M. J. P.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Flicker, F.] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada. [Flicker, F.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Sch Phys, Bristol BS8 1TL, Avon, England. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Gardner, J. S.; Qiu, Y.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Savici, A. T.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Sci Directorate, Neutron Data Anal & Visualizat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yamani, Z.] Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.; Gingras, M. J. P.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Paddison, J. A. M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Chem, Inorgan Chem Lab, Oxford OX1 3QR, England. [Paddison, J. A. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Foyevtsova, K.; Valenti, R.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Theoret Phys, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Hawthorne, F.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Geol Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Wiebe, C. R.] Univ Winnipeg, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, Canada. [Zhou, H. D.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Zhou, H. D.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Silverstein, HJ (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Chem, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. EM umsilve3@myumanitoba.ca RI yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; Hawthorne, Frank/F-6864-2011; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Savici, Andrei/F-2790-2013 OI Hawthorne, Frank/0000-0001-6405-9931; Flicker, Felix/0000-0002-8362-1384; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Savici, Andrei/0000-0001-5127-8967 FU NSERC; ACS Petroleum Fund; CRC program; CFI; DFG [SFB/TRR49]; Vanier CGS (NSERC); MGS programs; University of Manitoba; STFC; EPSRC [EP/G004528/2]; JDRD program of The University of Tennessee; NSF [DMR-0654118, DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (APS) [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; NRC at Chalk River Laboratories FX This work has been supported by NSERC, the ACS Petroleum Fund, the CRC program, CFI, and the DFG (Grant No. SFB/TRR49). H.J.S. gratefully acknowledges support from the Vanier CGS (NSERC) and MGS programs, as well as the University of Manitoba. In addition to NSERC, M.J.P.G. would like to thank the CRC program for support. J.A.M.P. gratefully acknowledges funding from the STFC and EPSRC (EP/G004528/2). H.D.Z. thanks the JDRD program of The University of Tennessee for its support. The authors want to acknowledge useful discussions with H. Shinaoka, A. B. Dabkowski, K. McEleney, Z. Islam, Y. Feng, M. Bieringer, J. Van Lerop, H. Takagi, and J. E. Greedan. The NHMFL is operated under a cooperative agreement with Florida State University and the NSF under DMR-0654118. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. A portion of this research at ORNL's SNS and Argonne National Laboratory's APS was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (APS under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357). We are greatly appreciative of the staff and for the support of the NRC at Chalk River Laboratories. NR 113 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 6 U2 77 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 27 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 AR 054433 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.054433 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC3KY UT WOS:000332418600002 ER PT J AU Shaw, KS Goldstein, RER He, X Jacobs, JM Crump, BC Sapkota, AR AF Shaw, Kristi S. Goldstein, Rachel E. Rosenberg He, Xin Jacobs, John M. Crump, Byron C. Sapkota, Amy R. TI Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Recovered from Recreational and Commercial Areas of Chesapeake Bay and Maryland Coastal Bays SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; WATER; OYSTERS; ENVIRONMENTS; DIVERSITY; LOUISIANA; PATHOGENS; SWINE AB Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in the estuarine-marine environment are of human health significance and may be increasing in pathogenicity and abundance. Vibrio illness originating from dermal contact with Vibrio laden waters or through ingestion of seafood originating from such waters can cause deleterious health effects, particularly if the strains involved are resistant to clinically important antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility among these pathogens. Surface-water samples were collected from three sites of recreational and commercial importance from July to September 2009. Samples were plated onto species-specific media and resulting V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction assays and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Sensititre(R) microbroth dilution system. Descriptive statistics, Friedman two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Vibrio vulnificus (n = 120) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 77) were isolated from all sampling sites. Most isolates were susceptible to antibiotics recommended for treating Vibrio infections, although the majority of isolates expressed intermediate resistance to chloramphenicol (78% of V. vulnificus, 96% of V. parahaemolyticus). Vibrio parahaemolyticus also demonstrated resistance to penicillin (68%). Sampling location or month did not significantly impact V. parahaemolyticus resistance patterns, but V. vulnificus isolates from St. Martin's River had lower overall intermediate resistance than that of the other two sampling sites during the month of July (p = 0.0166). Antibiotics recommended to treat adult Vibrio infections were effective in suppressing bacterial growth, while some antibiotics recommended for pediatric treatment were not effective against some of the recovered isolates. To our knowledge, these are the first antimicrobial susceptibility data of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus recovered from the Chesapeake Bay. These data can serve as a baseline against which future studies can be compared to evaluate whether susceptibilities change over time. C1 [Shaw, Kristi S.; Crump, Byron C.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. [Goldstein, Rachel E. Rosenberg; Sapkota, Amy R.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Inst Appl Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [He, Xin] Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jacobs, John M.] NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Oxford, MD USA. [Crump, Byron C.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Shaw, KS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD USA. EM krististevensshaw@gmail.com RI Sapkota, Amy/A-6046-2011; He, Xin/N-6742-2016 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [EA133C07CN0163] FX Financial support for this research was graciously provided by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration award EA133C07CN0163 (www.noaa.gov). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript, but funder's employee, Dr. John Jacobs, was a collaborator in all portions of this study. NR 43 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 15 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 25 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e89616 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0089616 PG 11 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC2ZX UT WOS:000332385900058 PM 24586914 ER PT J AU Li, H Sun, DL Yu, YY Wang, HY Liu, YL Liu, QH Du, YM Wang, HS Cao, BA AF Li, Hua Sun, Donglian Yu, Yunyue Wang, Hongyan Liu, Yuling Liu, Qinhuo Du, Yongming Wang, Heshun Cao, Biao TI Evaluation of the VIIRS and MODIS LST products in an arid area of Northwest China SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Evaluation; Land surface temperature; VIIRS; MODIS; HiWATER ID LAND-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; GROUND MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIVITY SEPARATION; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; WINDOW ALGORITHM; VALIDATION; ASTER; RADIOMETER; CLIMATE AB In this study, the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) land surface temperature (LST) environmental data record (EDR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) L2 swath LST products (collection 5) from both the Terra and Aqua satellites were evaluated against ground observations in an arid area of northwest China during the Heihe Watershed Allied Telemetry Experimental Research (Hi WATER) experiment. Four barren surface sites were chosen for the evaluation, which took place from June 2012 to April 2013. The results show that the current VIIRS LST products demonstrate a reasonable accuracy, with an average bias of 036 K and -0.58 K and an average root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.74 K and 1.48 K for the four sites during daytime and nighttime, respectively. The accuracy of the nighttime LST is much better than that of daytime. Furthermore, it was also found that the VIIRS split-window (SW) algorithm provides better performance than the VIIRS dual split-window (DSW) algorithm during both daytime and nighttime. For MODIS LST products, the results show that both Terra and Aqua MODIS C5 LST products underestimate the LST for the four barren surface sites at daytime, and the biases and RMSEs are much larger for Aqua, with biases varies from -0.91 K to -3.13 K for Terra and from -131 K to -3.76 K for Aqua. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Hua; Liu, Qinhuo; Du, Yongming; Wang, Heshun; Cao, Biao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Li, Hua; Sun, Donglian; Wang, Hongyan] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wang, Hongyan] Ocean Univ China, Coll Informat Sci & Engn, Dept Marine Technol, Qingdao 266100, Peoples R China. [Liu, Yuling] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM qhliu@irsa.ac.cn RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; rslab, hiwater/O-7037-2015; rslab, water/O-7043-2015 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; FU NOAA JPSS program [NA12NES4400010]; National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Project) [2012AA12A304]; Chinese Natural Science Foundation [41101325, 91125003, 41271345]; Chinese Academy of Sciences Action Plan for West Development Project [KZCX2-XB3-15]; NOAA PSDI program [NA11NES4400012]; Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) International Partnership Program [KZZD-EW-TZ-09]; VIIRS LST EDR team at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions that have significantly improved this article. This work was supported by NOAA JPSS program (NA12NES4400010), National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Project: 2012AA12A304), Chinese Natural Science Foundation Project (41101325, 91125003, 41271345), Chinese Academy of Sciences Action Plan for West Development Project (KZCX2-XB3-15), NOAA PSDI program (NA11NES4400012) and Chinese Academy of Sciences/State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (CAS/SAFEA) International Partnership Program (KZZD-EW-TZ-09). The ground data used in this study; [GRAPHICS]; are obtained from the HiWATER experiment, we thank all the scientists, engineers, and students who participated in HiWATER field campaigns. This work is a part of the evaluation efforts for the VIIRS LST EDR public release and is supported by the VIIRS LST EDR team at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 55 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 11 U2 61 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 25 PY 2014 VL 142 BP 111 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.11.014 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AA3VM UT WOS:000331023000011 ER PT J AU Lu, CH Yang, LF Zhi, MC Sokolov, AV Yang, SD Hsu, CC Kung, AH AF Lu, Chih-Hsuan Yang, Li-Fan Zhi, Miaochan Sokolov, Alexei V. Yang, Shang-Da Hsu, Chia-Chen Kung, A. H. TI Generation of octave-spanning supercontinuum by Raman-assisted four-wave mixing in single-crystal diamond SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COHERENT-LIGHT GENERATION; SIDE-BAND; LASER-PULSES; HYDROGEN; DRIVEN; REGIME; MEDIA; KTAO3 AB An octave-spanning coherent supercontinuum is generated by non-collinear Raman-assisted four-wave mixing in single-crystal diamond using 7.7 fs laser pulses that have been chirped to about 420 fs in duration. The use of ultrabroad bandwidth pulses as input results in substantial overlap of the generated spectrum of the anti-Stokes sidebands, creating a phase-locked supercontinuum when all the sidebands are combined to overlap in time and space. The overall bandwidth of the generated supercontinuum is sufficient to support its compression to isolated few-to-single cycle attosecond transients. The significant spectral overlap of adjacent anti-Stokes sidebands allows the utilization of straight-forward spectral interferometry to test the relative phase coherence of the anti-Stokes outputs and is demonstrated here for two adjacent pairs of sidebands. The method can subsequently be employed to set the relative phase of the sidebands for pulse compression and for the synthesis of arbitrary field transients. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Lu, Chih-Hsuan; Yang, Li-Fan; Yang, Shang-Da; Kung, A. H.] Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Photon Technol, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. [Zhi, Miaochan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei V.] Texas A&M Univ, Inst Quantum Sci & Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei V.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Hsu, Chia-Chen] Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Dept Phys, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan. [Kung, A. H.] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Kung, AH (reprint author), Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Inst Photon Technol, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan. EM akung@pub.iams.sinica.edu.tw RI Kung, Andy/F-7909-2012 FU Academia Sinica; National Science Council of Taiwan [NSC 100-2120-M-007-007, NSC 101-2112-M-001-008]; National Science Foundation of the United States [PHY-1307153]; Welch Foundation [A1547] FX We thank Yu-Jung Tsou, Bo-Han Chen, Hong-Yu Chen, and Yu-Chen Cheng for technical assistance. This work is supported by the Academia Sinica, the National Science Council of Taiwan (grants NSC 100-2120-M-007-007 and NSC 101-2112-M-001-008), the National Science Foundation of the United States (award number PHY-1307153) and the Welch Foundation (grant number A1547). NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 36 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 24 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 BP 4075 EP 4082 DI 10.1364/OE.22.004075 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA AC4VU UT WOS:000332520000039 PM 24663729 ER PT J AU Predojevic, A Jezek, M Huber, T Jayakumar, H Kauten, T Solomon, GS Filip, R Weihs, G AF Predojevic, Ana Jezek, Miroslav Huber, Tobias Jayakumar, Harishankar Kauten, Thomas Solomon, Glenn S. Filip, Radim Weihs, Gregor TI Efficiency vs. multi-photon contribution test for quantum dots SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS AB The development of linear quantum computing within integrated circuits demands high quality semiconductor single photon sources. In particular, for a reliable single photon source it is not sufficient to have a low multi-photon component, but also to possess high efficiency. We investigate the photon statistics of the emission from a single quantum dot with a method that is able to sensitively detect the trade-off between the efficiency and the multi-photon contribution. Our measurements show, that the light emitted from the quantum dot when it is resonantly excited possess a very low multi-photon content. Additionally, we demonstrated, for the first time, the non-Gaussian nature of the quantum state emitted from a single quantum dot. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Predojevic, Ana; Huber, Tobias; Jayakumar, Harishankar; Kauten, Thomas; Weihs, Gregor] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Jezek, Miroslav; Filip, Radim] Palacky Univ, Dept Opt, Olomouc 77146, Czech Republic. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20849 USA. RP Predojevic, A (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM ana.predojevic@uibk.ac.at RI Predojevic, Ana/D-5884-2014; Weihs, Gregor/G-2564-2013; OI Predojevic, Ana/0000-0003-1840-0830; Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008; Filip, Radim/0000-0003-4114-6068; Jezek, Miroslav/0000-0003-1939-4495 FU European Research Council (project EnSeNa); Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI); GACR [P205/12/0577]; Palacky University [PrF_2013_008]; Operational Program Education for Competitiveness-Project [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0060]; European Social Fund; Czech Ministry of Education FX This work was funded by the European Research Council (project EnSeNa) and the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research through its Quantum Information Processing program. G.S.S. acknowledges partial support through the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute (PFC@JQI). R.F. acknowledges project P205/12/0577 of GACR. M.J. acknowledges the support by Palacky University (PrF_2013_008) and the Operational Program Education for Competitiveness-Project No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0060 co-financed by the European Social Fund and Czech Ministry of Education. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 24 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 4 BP 4789 EP 4798 DI 10.1364/OE.22.004789 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AC4VU UT WOS:000332520000107 PM 24663797 ER PT J AU Nichols, J Bray-Ali, N Ansary, A Cao, G Ng, KW AF Nichols, John Bray-Ali, Noah Ansary, Armin Cao, Gang Ng, Kwok-Wai TI Tunneling into the Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION AB We studied the single-layered iridate Sr2IrO4 with a scanning tunneling microscope. The finite low temperature conductance enables the electronic structure of this antiferromagnetic Mott insulator to be measured by tunneling spectroscopy. We imaged the topography of freshly cleaved surfaces and measured differential tunneling conductance at cryogenic temperatures. We found the Mott gap in the tunneling density of states to be 2 Delta = 615 meV. Within the Mott gap, additional shoulders are observed which are interpreted as inelastic loss features due to magnons. C1 [Nichols, John; Ansary, Armin; Cao, Gang; Ng, Kwok-Wai] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Adv Mat, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Bray-Ali, Noah] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bray-Ali, Noah] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nichols, J (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Adv Mat, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. FU NSF [DMR-0800367, DMR-0856234, EPS-0814194]; National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program FX This research was supported by NSF Grant Nos. DMR-0800367, DMR-0856234, and EPS-0814194. N.B.-A. acknowledges support from the National Research Council Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 24 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 8 AR 085125 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.085125 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC3HY UT WOS:000332409100002 ER PT J AU Richards, WJ Yato, T AF Richards, William J. Yato, Takuji TI Revision of the subgenus Parapterygotrigla (Pisces: Triglidae: Pterygotrigla) SO ZOOTAXA LA English DT Article DE Pisces; Triglidae; Pterygotrigla ID SCORPAENIFORMES; GURNARDS; FISHES AB The subgenus Parapterygotrigla of the triglid genus Pterygotrigla is revised with a description of a new species. The subgenus comprises P. hoplites, P. jacad sp. nov., P. megalops, P. macrorhynchus, P. multiocellata, and P. robertsi. Two juvenile forms considered to be incertae sedis Dixiphichthys ferculum Whitley, and two larval triglids, are discussed together with Trigla brandesii (Bleeker). Members of the subgenus Parapterygotrigla are distributed in tropical waters of the western Pacific and Indian oceans. All species possess a nasal spine, have long and strong nuchal and cleithral spines and short opercular spines. A new species, P. jacad, found in the western Indian Ocean, has an unusually large eye. All members of the subgenus are rare in collections as they live on the bottom in deep water (>200 m) over rough terrain and are rarely taken by trawlers. C1 [Richards, William J.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Yato, Takuji] Kobe Senior High Sch, Nada Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6570804, Japan. RP Richards, WJ (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM htf1967@aol.com; s647039@hyogo-c.ed.jp NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MAGNOLIA PRESS PI AUCKLAND PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, ST LUKES 1030, NEW ZEALAND SN 1175-5326 EI 1175-5334 J9 ZOOTAXA JI Zootaxa PD FEB 24 PY 2014 VL 3768 IS 1 BP 23 EP 42 PG 20 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AB5CM UT WOS:000331806500002 PM 24871164 ER PT J AU Roe, JH Morreale, SJ Paladino, FV Shillinger, GL Benson, SR Eckert, SA Bailey, H Tomillo, PS Bograd, SJ Eguchi, T Dutton, PH Seminoff, JA Block, BA Spotila, JR AF Roe, John H. Morreale, Stephen J. Paladino, Frank V. Shillinger, George L. Benson, Scott R. Eckert, Scott A. Bailey, Helen Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar Bograd, Steven J. Eguchi, Tomoharu Dutton, Peter H. Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Block, Barbara A. Spotila, James R. TI Predicting bycatch hotspots for endangered leatherback turtles on longlines in the Pacific Ocean SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE critically endangered species; fisheries bycatch; marine conservation; marine turtles; migratory pelagic vertebrate; satellite tracking ID STATE-SPACE MODELS; FISHERIES BYCATCH; SEA-TURTLE; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; MANAGEMENT; TELEMETRY; PATTERNS; CATCH AB Fisheries bycatch is a critical source of mortality for rapidly declining populations of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea. We integrated use-intensity distributions for 135 satellite-tracked adult turtles with longline fishing effort to estimate predicted bycatch risk over space and time in the Pacific Ocean. Areas of predicted bycatch risk did not overlap for eastern and western Pacific nesting populations, warranting their consideration as distinct management units with respect to fisheries bycatch. For western Pacific nesting populations, we identified several areas of high risk in the north and central Pacific, but greatest risk was adjacent to primary nesting beaches in tropical seas of Indo-Pacific islands, largely confined to several exclusive economic zones under the jurisdiction of national authorities. For eastern Pacific nesting populations, we identified moderate risk associated with migrations to nesting beaches, but the greatest risk was in the South Pacific Gyre, a broad pelagic zone outside national waters where management is currently lacking and may prove difficult to implement. Efforts should focus on these predicted hotspots to develop more targeted management approaches to alleviate leatherback bycatch. C1 [Roe, John H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Pembroke, NC 28372 USA. [Roe, John H.; Paladino, Frank V.] Indiana Purdue Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Wayne, IN 46805 USA. [Morreale, Stephen J.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Shillinger, George L.; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Benson, Scott R.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Protected Resources Div, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Eckert, Scott A.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservat Network, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bailey, Helen] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar; Spotila, James R.] Drexel Univ, Dept Biodivers Earth & Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar] Leatherback Trust, Goldring Gund Marine Biol Stn, Playa Grande, Costa Rica. [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Eguchi, Tomoharu; Dutton, Peter H.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, NMFS, SWFSC, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Roe, JH (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Pembroke, NC 28372 USA. EM john.roe@uncp.edu RI Bailey, Helen/E-6813-2012; Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/N-5406-2014 OI Bailey, Helen/0000-0001-7445-4687; Santidrian Tomillo, Pilar/0000-0002-6895-7218 FU Lenfest Oceans Programme; Tagging of Pacific Pelagics Programme; Betz Chair endowment of Drexel University; Schrey Endowment of Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne FX Major funding for this research was provided by the Lenfest Oceans Programme, the Tagging of Pacific Pelagics Programme, the Betz Chair endowment of Drexel University and the Schrey Endowment of Indiana-Purdue University at Fort Wayne. NR 51 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 55 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1777 AR 20132559 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.2559 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC2YK UT WOS:000332382000013 PM 24403331 ER PT J AU Jayich, AM Vutha, AC Hummon, MT Porto, JV Campbell, WC AF Jayich, A. M. Vutha, A. C. Hummon, M. T. Porto, J. V. Campbell, W. C. TI Continuous all-optical deceleration and single-photon cooling of molecular beams SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BEAM; RADIATION-PRESSURE; POLAR-MOLECULES; LASER-PULSES; SODIUM ATOMS; COLD; CHEMISTRY; COMPRESSION; DEFLECTION; INVERSION AB Ultracold molecular gases are promising as an avenue to rich many-body physics, quantum chemistry, quantum information, and precision measurements. This richness, which flows from the complex internal structure of molecules, makes the creation of ultracold molecular gases using traditional methods (laser plus evaporative cooling) a challenge, in particular due to the spontaneous decay of molecules into dark states. We propose a way to circumvent this key bottleneck using an all-optical method for decelerating molecules using stimulated absorption and emission with a single ultrafast laser. We further describe single-photon cooling of the decelerating molecules that exploits their high dark state pumping rates, turning the principal obstacle to molecular laser cooling into an advantage. Cooling and deceleration may be applied simultaneously and continuously to load molecules into a trap. We discuss implementation details including multilevel numerical simulations of strontium monohydride. These techniques are applicable to a large number of molecular species and atoms with the only requirement being an electric dipole transition that can be accessed with an ultrafast laser. C1 [Jayich, A. M.; Campbell, W. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Vutha, A. C.] York Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Hummon, M. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hummon, M. T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Porto, J. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jayich, AM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. OI HUMMON, MATTHEW/0000-0002-3020-0500; Vutha, Amar/0000-0002-1250-2927 FU Joint Quantum Institute Physics Frontier Center; U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Program [FA9550-13-1-0167] FX The authors wish to thank Chris Monroe, Luis Orozco, and Steve Rolston for generous support of this project, As well as David DeMille, John Doyle, and Eric Hudson for helpful discussions. This work was supported by a seed funding grant from the Joint Quantum Institute Physics Frontier Center and the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research Young Investigator Program under award number FA9550-13-1-0167. NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 21 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 023425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.023425 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC2KV UT WOS:000332330900005 ER PT J AU Cerutti, B Werner, GR Uzdensky, DA Begelman, MC AF Cerutti, B. Werner, G. R. Uzdensky, D. A. Begelman, M. C. TI THREE-DIMENSIONAL RELATIVISTIC PAIR PLASMA RECONNECTION WITH RADIATIVE FEEDBACK IN THE CRAB NEBULA SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acceleration of particles; ISM: individual (Crab Nebula); magnetic reconnection; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID GAMMA-RAY FLARES; PULSAR WIND NEBULAE; FAST TEV VARIABILITY; HIGH-ENERGY EMISSION; PARTICLE-ACCELERATION; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; CURRENT SHEETS; SIGMA-PROBLEM; STRIPED WIND; 2011 APRIL AB The discovery of rapid synchrotron gamma-ray flares above 100 MeV from the Crab Nebula has attracted new interest in alternative particle acceleration mechanisms in pulsar wind nebulae. Diffuse shock-acceleration fails to explain the flares because particle acceleration and emission occur during a single or even sub-Larmor timescale. In this regime, the synchrotron energy losses induce a drag force on the particle motion that balances the electric acceleration and prevents the emission of synchrotron radiation above 160 MeV. Previous analytical studies and two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations indicate that relativistic reconnection is a viable mechanism to circumvent the above difficulties. The reconnection electric field localized at X-points linearly accelerates particles with little radiative energy losses. In this paper, we check whether this mechanism survives in three dimension (3D), using a set of large PIC simulations with radiation reaction force and with a guide field. In agreement with earlier works, we find that the relativistic drift kink instability deforms and then disrupts the layer, resulting in significant plasma heating but few non-thermal particles. A moderate guide field stabilizes the layer and enables particle acceleration. We report that 3D magnetic reconnection can accelerate particles above the standard radiation reaction limit, although the effect is less pronounced than in 2D with no guide field. We confirm that the highest-energy particles form compact bunches within magnetic flux ropes, and a beam tightly confined within the reconnection layer, which could result in the observed Crab flares when, by chance, the beam crosses our line of sight. C1 [Cerutti, B.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Cerutti, B.; Werner, G. R.; Uzdensky, D. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Ctr Integrated Plasma Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cerutti, B (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM bcerutti@astro.princeton.edu; greg.werner@colorado.edu; uzdensky@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu OI Cerutti, Benoit/0000-0001-6295-596X FU Lyman Spitzer Jr. Fellowship by the Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University; Max-Planck/Princeton Center for Plasma Physics; NSF [PHY-0903851]; DOE [DE-SC0008409, DE-SC0008655]; NASA through the Fermi Guest Investigator Program [NNX12AP17G]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado Denver; National Center for Atmospheric Research FX B.C. thanks G. Lesur for discussions about the linear analysis of the unstable modes in the simulations. The authors thank the referee for his/her useful comments. B. C. acknowledges support from the Lyman Spitzer Jr. Fellowship awarded by the Department of Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton University, and the Max-Planck/Princeton Center for Plasma Physics. This work was also supported by NSF grant PHY-0903851, DOE Grants DE-SC0008409 and DE-SC0008655, NASA grant NNX12AP17G through the Fermi Guest Investigator Program. Numerical simulations were performed on the local CIPS computer cluster Verus and on Kraken at the National Institute for Computational Sciences (www.nics.tennessee.edu/). This work also utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794), the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The Janus supercomputer is operated by the University of Colorado Boulder. The figures published in this work were created with the matplotlib library (Hunter 2007) and the 3D visualization with Mayavi2 (Ramachandran & Varoquaux 2011). NR 70 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 20 PY 2014 VL 782 IS 2 AR 104 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/782/2/104 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AF3AV UT WOS:000334584700046 ER PT J AU Arp, U Vest, R Houston, J Lucatorto, T AF Arp, Uwe Vest, Robert Houston, Jeanne Lucatorto, Thomas TI Argon mini-arc meets its match: use of a laser-driven plasma source in ultraviolet-detector calibrations SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; PHOTODIODES; IRRADIANCE; RADIANCE; DAMAGE; SURF; NM AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology operates two spectral comparator facilities, both of which are used to provide detector calibrations from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared spectral range. One, the Ultraviolet Spectral Comparator Facility (UV SCF), has been in operation for more than two decades, providing one of the core calibration services. Recently, the illumination source used in the UV SCF has been changed from an argon mini-arc source to a laser-driven plasma light source. This new source has higher brightness, a smaller source size, better temporal stability, and much better conversion efficiency than the previous source. The improvements in the capabilities are summarized. C1 [Arp, Uwe; Vest, Robert; Houston, Jeanne; Lucatorto, Thomas] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arp, U (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM uwe.arp@nist.gov OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1093 DI 10.1364/AO.53.001089 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA AB7DN UT WOS:000331949600011 PM 24663306 ER PT J AU Liu, XJ Wei, YY Reutt-Robey, JE Robey, SW AF Liu, Xianjie Wei, Yinying Reutt-Robey, Janice E. Robey, Steven W. TI Dipole-Dipole Interactions in TiOPc Ad layers on Ag SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-BEAM DEPOSITION; HETEROJUNCTION PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; ENERGY-LEVEL ALIGNMENT; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; ORGANIC ELECTRONICS; METAL-SURFACES; SOLAR-CELLS; PHTHALOCYANINE AB The molecular organization of a polar phthalocyanine, titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc), on the Ag(110) surface was studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). in addition to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions that guide structure for nonpolar Pc's, we find evidence for the impact of dipole interactions on layer organization for TiOPc/Ag(110). TiOPc molecules adsorb on Ag(110) with a tilted orientation that contrasts with the flat-lying orientation typically observed for nonpolar phthalocyanines. At the highest TiOPc coverages, the layer consists of neighboring TiOPc molecules with opposing molecular tilts. Close inspection reveals a higher level organization, consisting of "zigzag" TiOPc molecular chains with molecular spacings along the chain that are smaller than the average within the layer. We suggest an explanation for this behavior based on the dipole-dipole interactions within the chain. At reduced coverage, variable densities of molecular vacancies form, depending on the coverage. The vacancies align to form rows that order into well-organized superstructures. Finally, TiOPc surface structures on Ag(110) are compared and contrasted with those on Ag(111). The different adlayer arrangements on these two surfaces created by molecule-molecule interactions and molecule-substrate interactions lead to a change from a "ferroelectric" orientation for the TiOPc molecular tilts (and in-plane dipole components) on Ag(111) to an "antiferroelectric" arrangement on Ag(110). We show that this change agrees with theoretical predictions of the influence of lattice symmetry on dipole lattice arrangements, providing additional evidence for the impact of dipole-dipole interactions on the TiOPc surface layer organization. C1 [Liu, Xianjie; Wei, Yinying; Reutt-Robey, Janice E.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Robey, Steven W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Robey, SW (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.robey@nist.gov RI Wei, Yinying/N-5751-2014; Reutt-Robey, Janice /C-3517-2009; Liu, Xianjie/E-6076-2010 OI Wei, Yinying/0000-0002-9521-7063; Reutt-Robey, Janice /0000-0002-9309-7854; Liu, Xianjie/0000-0002-3190-2774 FU National Science Foundation [CHE-1310380] FX We thank Dr. William G. Cullen for valuable discussions. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation via CHE-1310380. NR 60 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 72 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 20 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 7 BP 3523 EP 3532 DI 10.1021/jp4096612 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AB5XJ UT WOS:000331861700017 ER PT J AU Winter, AD Larios, E Alamgir, FM Jaye, C Fischer, DA Omastova, M Campo, EM AF Winter, A. Douglas Larios, Eduardo Alamgir, Faisal M. Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Omastova, Maria Campo, Eva M. TI Thermo-Active Behavior of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate I Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Composites Examined by in Situ near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine-Structure Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; ARTIFICIAL MUSCLES; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; ACTUATORS; COPOLYMERS; NEXAFS AB NEXAFS spectroscopy was used to investigate the temperature dependence of thermally active ethylene-vinyl acetate I multiwall carbon nanotube (EVAIMWCNT) films. The data shows systematic variations of intensities with increasing temperature. Molecular orbital assignment of interplaying intensities identified the 1s -> pi*(C=C) and 1s -> pi*(C=O) transitions as the main actors during temperature variation. Furthermore, enhanced near-edge interplay was observed in prestrained composites. Because macroscopic observations confirmed enhanced thermal-mechanical actuation in prestrained composites, our findings suggest that the interplay of C=C and C=O pi orbitals may be instrumental to actuation. C1 [Winter, A. Douglas; Campo, Eva M.] Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL5 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. [Larios, Eduardo; Campo, Eva M.] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Alamgir, Faisal M.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Omastova, Maria] Slovak Acad Sci, Polymer Inst, Bratislava 84541, Slovakia. RP Winter, AD (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Sch Elect Engn, Bangor LL5 1UT, Gwynedd, Wales. FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; FP7VEGA [2/0149/14]; NMP [22896]; National Center for Research Resources [5 G12RR013646-12]; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities from the National Institutes of Health [G12MD007591]; NSF [DMR-1103730]; NSF PREM grant [DMR-0934218] FX We kindly acknowledge Professor Eugene Terentjev at Cambridge University and Conan Weiland at Synchrotron Research Inc. for insightful discussions. Research was carried out in part at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-AC02-98CH10886. This project was partially founded by FP7VEGA 2/0149/14 and NMP 22896 and by grants from the National Center for Research Resources (5 G12RR013646-12) and the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (G12MD007591) from the National Institutes of Health. We acknowledge the NSF for support with grants DMR-1103730, Alloys at the Nanoscale: The Case of Nanoparticles Second Phase and PREM: NSF PREM grant DMR-0934218. NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 20 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 7 BP 3733 EP 3741 DI 10.1021/jp409413k PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AB5XJ UT WOS:000331861700040 PM 24803975 ER PT J AU Zhu, B Gadway, B Foss-Feig, M Schachenmayer, J Wall, ML Hazzard, KRA Yan, B Moses, SA Covey, JP Jin, DS Ye, J Holland, M Rey, AM AF Zhu, B. Gadway, B. Foss-Feig, M. Schachenmayer, J. Wall, M. L. Hazzard, K. R. A. Yan, B. Moses, S. A. Covey, J. P. Jin, D. S. Ye, J. Holland, M. Rey, A. M. TI Suppressing the Loss of Ultracold Molecules Via the Continuous Quantum Zeno Effect SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-MOLECULES; OPTICS; GASES AB We investigate theoretically the suppression of two-body losses when the on-site loss rate is larger than all other energy scales in a lattice. This work quantitatively explains the recently observed suppression of chemical reactions between two rotational states of fermionic KRb molecules confined in one-dimensional tubes with a weak lattice along the tubes [Yan et al., Nature (London) 501, 521 (2013)]. New loss rate measurements performed for different lattice parameters but under controlled initial conditions allow us to show that the loss suppression is a consequence of the combined effects of lattice confinement and the continuous quantum Zeno effect. A key finding, relevant for generic strongly reactive systems, is that while a single-band theory can qualitatively describe the data, a quantitative analysis must include multiband effects. Accounting for these effects reduces the inferred molecule filling fraction by a factor of 5. A rate equation can describe much of the data, but to properly reproduce the loss dynamics with a fixed filling fraction for all lattice parameters we develop a mean-field model and benchmark it with numerically exact time-dependent density matrix renormalization group calculations. C1 [Zhu, B.; Gadway, B.; Schachenmayer, J.; Wall, M. L.; Hazzard, K. R. A.; Yan, B.; Moses, S. A.; Covey, J. P.; Jin, D. S.; Ye, J.; Holland, M.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Foss-Feig, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, NIST, JQI, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhu, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, NIST, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM arey@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Yan, Bo/B-3810-2012; OI Yan, Bo/0000-0001-7235-5554; SCHACHENMAYER, JOHANNES/0000-0001-9420-5768 FU NIST; NSF-PIF; ARO; ARO-DARPA-OLE; AFOSR; NRC; NDSEG; NSF; NCAR; CU; [JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844] FX The authors thank A. Daley for useful discussions and acknowledge funding from NIST, JILA-NSF-PFC-1125844, NSF-PIF, ARO, ARO-DARPA-OLE, and AFOSR. K. R. A. H., B. G. and M.F.-F. thank the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program for support. S. A. M. and J. P. C. acknowledge funding from NDSEG. A. M. R. and K. R. A. H. thank the KITP for its hospitality. This work utilized the Janus super-computer, supported by NSF, NCAR, and CU. NR 39 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 7 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 7 AR 070404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.070404 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB7EY UT WOS:000331953300004 PM 24579573 ER PT J AU Begelman, MC Armitage, PJ AF Begelman, Mitchell C. Armitage, Philip J. TI A MECHANISM FOR HYSTERESIS IN BLACK HOLE BINARY STATE TRANSITIONS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; binaries: close; black hole physics; magnetic fields; X-rays: binaries ID X-RAY BINARIES; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; VERTICAL MAGNETIC-FIELD; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; DISKS; JETS; TURBULENCE; DISCS; SCALE; FLUX AB We suggest that the hysteretic cycle of black hole state transitions arises from two established properties of accretion disks: the increase in turbulent stress in disks threaded by a net magnetic field and the ability of thick (but not thin) disks to advect such a field radially. During quiescence, magnetic field loops are generated by the magnetorotational instability at the interface between the inner hot flow and outer thin disk. Vertical flux is advected into and accumulates stochastically within the inner flow, where it stimulates the turbulence so that alpha similar to 1. The transition to a geometrically thin inner disk occurs when L similar to alpha L-2(Edd) similar to L-Edd, and the first "thin" disk to form is itself moderately thick, strongly magnetized, and able to advect field inward. These properties favor episodic jet production. As the accretion rate declines magnetic flux escapes, alpha decreases to alpha similar to 0.01-0.1, and a hot inner flow is not re-established until L << L-Edd. We discuss possible observational consequences of our scenario. C1 [Begelman, Mitchell C.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, Mitchell C.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Begelman, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NASA's Astrophysics Theory Program [NNX11AE12G] FX We thank Jeff McClintock and Greg Salvesen for valuable discussions and comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge support from NASA's Astrophysics Theory Program under grant NNX11AE12G. NR 45 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 2041-8205 EI 2041-8213 J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD FEB 20 PY 2014 VL 782 IS 2 AR L18 DI 10.1088/2041-8205/782/2/L18 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AA5PV UT WOS:000331153000005 ER PT J AU Gruenthal, KM Gauger, BJ Drawbridge, MA AF Gruenthal, Kristen M. Gauger, Brian J. Drawbridge, Mark A. TI Maternal reproductive exhaustion in a broadcast spawning marine finfish cultured for conservation SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Broadcast spawning; Atractoscion nobilis; Egg quality; Parentage; Reproductive exhaustion; Stock enhancement ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; SEA-BASS; STOCK-ENHANCEMENT; BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; LARVAL QUALITY; EGG QUALITY AB Reproductive exhaustion can be defined as a decline in reproductive potential or output over time. We studied seasonal maternal reproductive exhaustion in a large, freely mating captive population of white seabass (Atractoscion nobilis), a marine finfish cultured in southern California for conservation. Using genetic parentage data, we identified 34 single-maternity spawns produced during the 2008 spawning season and quantified four physical egg characteristics for each spawn, including egg volume (EV), oil volume (OV), percent oil volume (POV), and the number of oil globules (NOG). The mean batch egg measures decreased between the beginning and end of the spawning season by 19%, 45%, 33%, and 12%, respectively. OV and POV declined linearly, whereas the trend in NOG was parabolic and negatively correlated to water temperature and light duration, which reach apices mid-season. EV displayed a similar, though not significant, trend. We also evaluated the egg measures within and among six dames that solo-spawned two or more times. The seasonal trends were similar to those observed at the population-level, but the relative measures varied significantly among dames, indicating factors other than the common broodstock diet and holding conditions may influence egg production in individual A. nobilis females. In terms of species conservation, assessing these egg characteristics, some of which may be associated with larval quality in A. nobilis, in conjunction with estimating genetic diversity for each spawn is important when choosing spawns to rear for stock supplementation, but more research into their relationship with subsequent offspring quality is warranted. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gruenthal, Kristen M.; Gauger, Brian J.; Drawbridge, Mark A.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. RP Gruenthal, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, CB Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kgruenthal@hswri.org; bgauger@aquamoon.com; mdrawbridge@hswri.org FU California Department of Fish and Wildlife Ocean Resources Enhancement [P07001]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06NMF4720233, NA09NMF4720396] FX Broodstock holding, sample collection, and digital photomicroscopy was funded by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife Ocean Resources Enhancement and Hatchery Program Award P07001. Genetic work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Awards NA06NMF4720233 and NA09NMF4720396. The authors would like to thank the staff at the Leon Raymond Hubbard, Jr., Marine Fish Hatchery in Carlsbad, CA, including (but not limited to) Mike Gafford, Eric McIntire, and Karen McClune, for their support in sample collection and organization. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD FEB 20 PY 2014 VL 422 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.011 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 296YR UT WOS:000330221900017 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Townsend, FI Lane, SM Dyar, E Hohn, AA Rowles, TK Staggs, LA Wells, RS Balmer, BC Schwacke, LH AF Stewart, Jill R. Townsend, Forrest I. Lane, Suzanne M. Dyar, Elizabeth Hohn, Aleta A. Rowles, Teri K. Staggs, Lydia A. Wells, Randall S. Balmer, Brian C. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Survey of antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in the southeastern USA SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Marine mammals; MRSA; Vibrios; Coastal waters; Zoonosis; Anthropogenic impacts; Microbiology; Screening ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; MARINE VERTEBRATE ZOONOSES; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ST-JOSEPH BAY; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; UNITED-STATES; SARASOTA BAY; AROCLOR 1268; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SALMONELLA SEROTYPES AB Contamination of coastal waters can carry pathogens and contaminants that cause diseases in humans and wildlife, and these pathogens can be transported by water to areas where they are not indigenous. Marine mammals may be indicators of potential health effects from such pathogens and toxins. Here we isolated bacterial species of relevance to humans from wild bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus and assayed isolated bacteria for antibiotic resistance. Samples were collected during capture-release dolphin health assessments at multiple coastal and estuarine sites along the US mid-Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico. These samples were transported on ice and evaluated using commercial systems and aerobic culture techniques routinely employed in clinical laboratories. The most common bacteria identified were species belonging to the genus Vibrio, although Escherichia coli, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Pseudomonas fluorescens/putida were also common. Some of the bacterial species identified have been associated with human illness, including a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) identified in 1 sample. Widespread antibiotic resistance was observed among all sites, although the percentage of resistant isolates varied across sites and across time. These data provide a baseline for future comparisons of the bacteria that colonize bottlenose dolphins in the southeastern USA. C1 [Stewart, Jill R.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.; Staggs, Lydia A.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Lane, Suzanne M.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Dyar, Elizabeth] Ft Walton Beach Med Ctr, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Hohn, Aleta A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wells, Randall S.; Balmer, Brian C.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Balmer, Brian C.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jill.stewart@unc.edu RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 78 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 19 PY 2014 VL 108 IS 2 BP 91 EP 102 DI 10.3354/dao02705 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AE5PS UT WOS:000334041700001 PM 24553415 ER PT J AU Lapointe, D Vogelbein, WK Fabrizio, MC Gauthier, DT Brill, RW AF Lapointe, Dominique Vogelbein, Wolfgang K. Fabrizio, Mary C. Gauthier, David T. Brill, Richard W. TI Temperature, hypoxia, and mycobacteriosis: effects on adult striped bass Morone saxatilis metabolic performance SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Oxygen; Critical; Aerobic scope; Disease; Hematocrit; Spleen ID CRITICAL OXYGEN-TENSION; COD GADUS-MORHUA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; ATLANTIC COD; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; RAINBOW-TROUT; ADENOSINE-TRIPHOSPHATASE; SPECULATIVE HYPOTHESIS AB Mycobacteriosis, a chronic bacterial disease of fishes, is prevalent in adult striped bass from Chesapeake Bay (USA). Although environmental factors may play a role in disease expression, the interaction between the disease and environmental stress remains unexplored. We therefore examined the individual and interactive effects of elevated temperature, hypoxia, and mycobacteriosis on the metabolism of wild-caught adult striped bass from Chesapeake Bay using respirometry. Because the spleen is the primary target organ of mycobacteriosis in striped bass, we hypothesized that the disease interferes with the ability of fish to increase their hemato crit in the face of increasing oxygen demands. We determined standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate under normoxia (MMRN), critical oxygen saturation (S-crit), and MMR under hypoxia (3 mg O-2 l(-1): MMRH) for healthy and visibly diseased fish (i.e. exhibiting skin lesions indicative of mycobacteriosis). Measurements were taken at a temperature within the preferred thermal range (20 degrees C) and at an elevated temperature (28 degrees C) considered stressful to striped bass. In addition, we calculated aerobic scope (AS(N) = MMRN - SMR, AS(H) = MMRH - SMR) and factorial scope (FSN = MMRN SMR-1, FSH = MMRH SMR-1). SMR increased with increasing temperature, and hypoxia reduced MMR, AS, and FS. Mycobacteriosis alone did not affect either MMRN or MMRH. However, elevated temperature affected the ability of diseased striped bass to tolerate hypoxia (S-crit). Overall, our data indicate that striped bass performance under hypoxia is impaired, and that elevated water temperatures, hypoxia, and severe mycobacteriosis together reduce aerobic scope more than any of these stressors acting alone. We conclude that the scope for activity of diseased striped bass in warm hypoxic waters is significantly compromised. C1 [Lapointe, Dominique; Vogelbein, Wolfgang K.; Fabrizio, Mary C.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Gauthier, David T.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, Ecosyst Proc Div, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Atlantic Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Lapointe, D (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Biol, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM dominiquelapointe@yahoo.ca OI Fabrizio, Mary/0000-0002-6115-5490 FU Chesapeake Bay Office of NOAA and Virginia Sea Grant (VASG) FX This paper is contribution no. 3326 of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science, The College of William & Mary. Mention of trade names or commercial companies is for identification purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA. Funding for this research was provided by the Chesapeake Bay Office of NOAA and Virginia Sea Grant (VASG). We extend special thanks to R. L. Mann and D. Gonzales (VIMS) who kindly provided equipment for this project; to J. E. Brister (VIMS) for technical support; and to K. J. Blackshear (VIMS), who performed the histological preparation of our samples. We also acknowledge the contribution of our 'chasers': O. G. Foulds, C. Hopper- Brill (VIMS), R. W. Schloesser (VIMS), L. N. Nys (VIMS), L. S. Machut (VIMS), J. C. Greaney (VIMS), A. J. Norris (VIMS), J. Seiler (VIMS), and C. Lapointe. NR 90 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 41 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 19 PY 2014 VL 108 IS 2 BP 113 EP 127 DI 10.3354/dao02693 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA AE5PS UT WOS:000334041700003 PM 24553417 ER PT J AU Landgren, E Fritsches, K Brill, R Warrant, E AF Landgren, Eva Fritsches, Kerstin Brill, Richard Warrant, Eric TI The visual ecology of a deep-sea fish, the escolar Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843)(+) SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE deep-sea vision; eye; escolar; visual ecology; visual sensitivity; visual resolution ID RETINAL TOPOGRAPHY; REEF TELEOSTS; FUSION FREQUENCY; EYES; VISION; LENS; PHOTORECEPTORS; SENSITIVITY; SWORDFISH; PIGMENTS AB Escolar (Lepidocybium flavobrunneum, family Gempylidae) are large and darkly coloured deep-sea predatory fish found in the cold depths (more than 200 m) during the day and in warm surface waters at night. They have large eyes and an overall low density of retinal ganglion cells that endow them with a very high optical sensitivity. Escolar have banked retinae comprising six to eight layers of rods to increase the optical path length for maximal absorption of the incoming light. Their retinae possess two main areae of higher ganglion cell density, one in the ventral retina viewing the dorsal world above (with a moderate acuity of 4.6 cycles deg(-1)), and the second in the temporal retina viewing the frontal world ahead. Electrophysiological recordings of the flicker fusion frequency (FFF) in isolated retinas indicate that escolar have slow vision, with maximal FFF at the highest light levels and temperatures (around 9 Hz at 23 degrees C) which fall to 1-2 Hz in dimlight or cooler temperatures. Our results suggest that escolar are slowly moving sit-and-wait predators. In dim, warm surface waters at night, their slow vision, moderate dorsal resolution and highly sensitive eyes may allow them to surprise prey from below that are silhouetted in the downwelling light. C1 [Landgren, Eva; Warrant, Eric] Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Lund Vis Grp, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Fritsches, Kerstin] Univ Queensland, Sch Biomed Sci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. [Brill, Richard] Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Warrant, E (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Biol, Lund Vis Grp, Solvegatan 35, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM eric.warrant@biol.lu.se NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8436 EI 1471-2970 J9 PHILOS T R SOC B JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 19 PY 2014 VL 369 IS 1636 SI SI AR 20130039 DI 10.1098/rstb.2013.0039 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AC4BO UT WOS:000332465800008 PM 24395966 ER PT J AU Reum, JCP Alin, SR Feely, RA Newton, J Warner, M McElhany, P AF Reum, Jonathan C. P. Alin, Simone R. Feely, Richard A. Newton, Jan Warner, Mark McElhany, Paul TI Seasonal Carbonate Chemistry Covariation with Temperature, Oxygen, and Salinity in a Fjord Estuary: Implications for the Design of Ocean Acidification Experiments SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; LEAST-SQUARES REGRESSION; PUGET-SOUND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CALANUS-PACIFICUS; INORGANIC CARBON; MIDWATER HYPOXIA; MARINE; SYSTEM; VARIABILITY AB Carbonate chemistry variability is often poorly characterized in coastal regions and patterns of covariation with other biologically important variables such as temperature, oxygen concentration, and salinity are rarely evaluated. This absence of information hampers the design and interpretation of ocean acidification experiments that aim to characterize biological responses to future pCO(2) levels relative to contemporary conditions. Here, we analyzed a large carbonate chemistry data set from Puget Sound, a fjord estuary on the U. S. west coast, and included measurements from three seasons (winter, summer, and fall). pCO(2) exceeded the 2008-2011 mean atmospheric level (392 mu atm) at all depths and seasons sampled except for the near-surface waters (<10 m) in the summer. Further, undersaturated conditions with respect to the biogenic carbonate mineral aragonite were widespread (Omega(ar)<1). We show that pCO(2) values were relatively uniform throughout the water column and across regions in winter, enriched in subsurface waters in summer, and in the fall some values exceeded 2500 mu atm in near-surface waters. Carbonate chemistry covaried to differing levels with temperature and oxygen depending primarily on season and secondarily on region. Salinity, which varied little (27 to 31), was weakly correlated with carbonate chemistry. We illustrate potential high-frequency changes in carbonate chemistry, temperature, and oxygen conditions experienced simultaneously by organisms in Puget Sound that undergo diel vertical migrations under present-day conditions. We used simple calculations to estimate future pCO(2) and Omega(ar) values experienced by diel vertical migrators based on an increase in atmospheric CO2. Given the potential for non-linear interactions between pCO(2) and other abiotic variables on physiological and ecological processes, our results provide a basis for identifying control conditions in ocean acidification experiments for this region, but also highlight the wide range of carbonate chemistry conditions organisms may currently experience in this and similar coastal ecosystems. C1 [Reum, Jonathan C. P.; McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Alin, Simone R.; Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Newton, Jan] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Warner, Mark] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Reum, JCP (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Jonathan.Reum@noaa.gov FU NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; University of Washington including the PRISM program; Washington State Department of Ecology; Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program via Naval Sea Systems Command Contract [N00024-02-D-6602]; National Research Fellowship award; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (a) over cap (sic)(TM)s Northwest Fisheries Science Center; Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory; Ocean Acidification Program; Integrated Ocean Observing System Program; University of Washington including Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS); Puget Sound Regional Synthesis Model (PRISM); Applied Physics Laboratory; School of Oceanography FX This research was supported by the NOAA Ocean Acidification Program, NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, the University of Washington including the PRISM program, and the Washington State Department of Ecology. Work in Hood Canal was partially funded through the Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program via Naval Sea Systems Command Contract #N00024-02-D-6602 Task 50. J.C.P.R. was supported by a National Research Fellowship award. This work was co-sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (a) over cap (sic)(TM) s Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Ocean Acidification Program, and Integrated Ocean Observing System Program; the University of Washington including Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS), Puget Sound Regional Synthesis Model (PRISM), Applied Physics Laboratory, and School of Oceanography; and the Washington State Department of Ecology. Work in Hood Canal was partially funded through the Hood Canal Dissolved Oxygen Program via Naval Sea Systems Command Contract #N00024-02-D-6602 Task 50. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 69 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 75 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 19 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e89619 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0089619 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB3TA UT WOS:000331711900153 PM 24586915 ER PT J AU Prakhya, K Popescu, A Haney, PM AF Prakhya, Karthik Popescu, Adrian Haney, Paul M. TI Current-induced torques between ferromagnets and compensated antiferromagnets: Symmetry and phase coherence effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN TRANSFER TORQUES; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; SYSTEMS; DRIVEN; FEMN AB It is shown that the current-induced torques between a ferromagnetic layer and an antiferromagnetic layer with a compensated interface vanish when the ferromagnet is aligned with an axis of spin-rotation symmetry of the antiferromagnet. For properly chosen geometries, this implies that the current-induced torque can stabilize the out-of-plane (or hard-axis) orientation of the ferromagnetic layer. This current-induced torque relies on phase-coherent transport, and we calculate the robustness of this torque to phase-breaking scattering. From this, it is shown that the torque is not linearly dependent on the applied current, but has an absolute maximum. C1 [Prakhya, Karthik] Mitre Corp, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. [Popescu, Adrian; Haney, Paul M.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Popescu, Adrian] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Prakhya, K (reprint author), Mitre Corp, Burlington Rd, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. RI Popescu, Adrian/E-7305-2010 FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX AP acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD FEB 19 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 5 AR 054421 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.054421 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC3EC UT WOS:000332396800001 ER PT J AU Daly, B Long, WC AF Daly, Benjamin Long, W. Christopher TI Inter-Cohort Cannibalism of Early Benthic Phase Blue King Crabs (Paralithodes platypus): Alternate Foraging Strategies in Different Habitats Lead to Different Functional Responses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT PREDATION; BODY-SIZE; CAMTSCHATICUS TILESIUS; CANCER-MAGISTER; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; DUNGENESS CRAB; RED; PREY; TEMPERATURE; SURVIVAL AB Blue king crabs (Paralithodes platypus) are commercially and ecologically important in Alaska, USA, but population abundances have fluctuated over the past several decades likely resulting from a combination of environmental and biological factors, including recruitment variability. Cannibalism between cohorts may be a source of mortality limiting recruitment success in the wild, but the degree of inter-cohort cannibalism is unknown for early benthic phase blue king crabs. In laboratory experiments, we evaluated the effects of habitat type (sand and shell) on the predator functional response and foraging behavior of year-1 blue king crabs as predators of year-0 conspecifics and examined the effects of predator presence on crypsis of prey crabs. In sand, consumption rates increased with predator size and prey density until satiation, while predation rates in shell were low regardless of predator size or prey density. These differential predation rates yielded a type III functional response in sand but a type I functional response in shell habitat. Crypsis of prey crabs was generally high and did not change in the presence of predators. Predator foraging activity was reduced in shell and may be an adaptive behavior to balance foraging efficiency and susceptibility to larger predators. Our results demonstrate that early benthic phase blue king crabs are cannibalistic between cohorts in the laboratory and that shell material is extremely effective for reducing encounter rates with conspecific predators. The distribution and abundance of such habitat may be important for recruitment success in some populations. Future studies should compare benthic habitat and species assemblages in areas with variable abundances, such as the Pribilof Islands and Saint Matthew Island in the eastern Bering Sea, to better understand possible mechanisms for recruitment variability. C1 [Daly, Benjamin; Long, W. Christopher] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Kodiak, AK USA. RP Daly, B (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Kodiak, AK USA. EM ben.daly@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 FU NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service FX Funding was supplied by NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 59 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 22 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e88694 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088694 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB3RA UT WOS:000331706700060 PM 24558414 ER PT J AU Peterson, MJ Mueter, F Criddle, K Haynie, AC AF Peterson, Megan J. Mueter, Franz Criddle, Keith Haynie, Alan C. TI Killer Whale Depredation and Associated Costs to Alaskan Sablefish, Pacific Halibut and Greenland Turbot Longliners SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ORCINUS-ORCA; MARINE MAMMALS; SPERM-WHALES; FISHERIES; MITIGATION; CROZET; OCEAN; MODEL; GEAR AB Killer whale (Orcinus orca) depredation (whales stealing or damaging fish caught on fishing gear) adversely impacts demersal longline fisheries for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Bering Sea, Aleutian Islands and Western Gulf of Alaska. These interactions increase direct costs and opportunity costs associated with catching fish and reduce the profitability of longline fishing in western Alaska. This study synthesizes National Marine Fisheries Service observer data, National Marine Fisheries Service sablefish longline survey and fishermen-collected depredation data to: 1) estimate the frequency of killer whale depredation on longline fisheries in Alaska; 2) estimate depredation-related catch per unit effort reductions; and 3) assess direct costs and opportunity costs incurred by longliners in western Alaska as a result of killer whale interactions. The percentage of commercial fishery sets affected by killer whales was highest in the Bering Sea fisheries for: sablefish (21.4%), Greenland turbot (9.9%), and Pacific halibut (6.9%). Average catch per unit effort reductions on depredated sets ranged from 35.1-69.3% for the observed longline fleet in all three management areas from 1998-2012 (p < 0.001). To compensate for depredation, fishermen set additional gear to catch the same amount of fish, and this increased fuel costs by an additional 82% per depredated set (average $433 additional fuel per depredated set). In a separate analysis with six longline vessels in 2011 and 2012, killer whale depredation avoidance measures resulted in an average additional cost of $494 per depredated vessel-day for fuel and crew food. Opportunity costs of time lost by fishermen averaged $522 per additional vessel-day on the grounds. This assessment of killer whale depredation costs represents the most extensive economic evaluation of this issue in Alaska to date and will help longline fishermen and managers consider the costs and benefits of depredation avoidance and alternative policy solutions. C1 [Peterson, Megan J.; Mueter, Franz; Criddle, Keith] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Haynie, Alan C.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Seattle, WA USA. RP Peterson, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM mjpeterson6@alaska.edu RI Criddle, Keith/P-7080-2016 OI Criddle, Keith/0000-0001-9347-2944 FU Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center; National Science Foundation Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT [DGE-0801720]; National Science Foundation Arctic Social Sciences Program [1107401] FX This research was supported by the Rasmuson Fisheries Research Center, the National Science Foundation Marine Ecosystem Sustainability in the Arctic and Subarctic (MESAS) IGERT (Award Number DGE-0801720), and the National Science Foundation Arctic Social Sciences Program (Award Number 1107401). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 29 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 18 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e88906 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088906 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB3RA UT WOS:000331706700092 PM 24558446 ER PT J AU Saparov, B Cantoni, C Pan, MH Hogan, TC Ratcliff, W Wilson, SD Fritsch, K Gaulin, BD Sefat, AS AF Saparov, Bayrammurad Cantoni, Claudia Pan, Minghu Hogan, Thomas C. Ratcliff, William, II Wilson, Stephen D. Fritsch, Katharina Gaulin, Bruce D. Sefat, Athena S. TI Complex structures of different CaFe2As2 samples SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article AB The interplay between magnetism and crystal structures in three CaFe2As2 samples is studied. For the nonmagnetic quenched crystals, different crystalline domains with varying lattice parameters are found, and three phases (orthorhombic, tetragonal, and collapsed tetragonal) coexist between T-S = 95 K and 45 K. Annealing of the quenched crystals at 350 degrees C leads to a strain relief through a large (similar to 1.3%) expansion of the c-parameter and a small (similar to 0.2%) contraction of the a-parameter, and to local similar to 0.2 angstrom displacements at the atomic-level. This annealing procedure results in the most homogeneous crystals for which the antiferromagnetic and orthorhombic phase transitions occur at T-N/T-S = 168(1) K. In the 700 degrees C-annealed crystal, an intermediate strain regime takes place, with tetragonal and orthorhombic structural phases coexisting between 80 to 120 K. The origin of such strong shifts in the transition temperatures are tied to structural parameters. Importantly, with annealing, an increase in the Fe-As length leads to more localized Fe electrons and higher local magnetic moments on Fe ions. Synergistic contribution of other structural parameters, including a decrease in the Fe-Fe distance, and a dramatic increase of the c-parameter, which enhances the Fermi surface nesting in CaFe2As2, are also discussed. C1 [Saparov, Bayrammurad; Cantoni, Claudia; Pan, Minghu; Sefat, Athena S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hogan, Thomas C.; Wilson, Stephen D.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Ratcliff, William, II] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fritsch, Katharina; Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, Bruce D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Saparov, B (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM saparovbi@ornl.gov RI Sefat, Athena/R-5457-2016 OI Sefat, Athena/0000-0002-5596-3504 FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; ORNL's Shared Research Equipment User Program; Office of Science of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; NSF CAREER [DMR-1056625]; NSERC of Canada FX This work was supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. CC acknowledges support by ORNL's Shared Research Equipment User Program, which is sponsored by the Office of Science of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. MHP acknowledges the support of the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, for the work conducted at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences in ORNL. SDW acknowledges support under NSF CAREER DMR-1056625. Work at McMaster University was supported by NSERC of Canada. The authors acknowledge and greatly appreciate discussions with Elbio R. Dagotto and Krzysztof Gofryk. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD FEB 18 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 4120 DI 10.1038/srep04120 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA9GF UT WOS:000331401100004 PM 24844399 ER PT J AU Yan, J Sun, Y Wen, YC Chu, LH Wu, MM Huang, QZ Wang, C Lynn, JW Chen, YL AF Yan, Jun Sun, Ying Wen, Yongchun Chu, Lihua Wu, Meimei Huang, Qingzhen Wang, Cong Lynn, Jeffrey W. Chen, Yunlin TI Relationship between Spin Ordering, Entropy, and Anomalous Lattice Variation in Mn3Sn1-epsilon S epsilon C1-delta Compounds SO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE THERMAL-EXPANSION; TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT; MAGNETIC TRANSITION; MN3GAC; RESISTIVITY AB The crystal and magnetic structures of antiperovskite compounds Mn3SnC, Mn3Sn0.95C0.9, and Mn3Sn0.93Si0.07C0.94 were studied as a function of temperature and magnetic field by neutron powder diffraction. For Mn3SnC, the magnetic field induces a dramatic variation of antiferromagnetic moment and lattice parameter. Because of this spin-lattice coupling, the "square" antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure plays a key role in inducing a negative thermal expansion in the material. Moreover, the thermal expansion parameter is closely related to the rate of change of the AFM moment, which can be controlled by introducing vacancies or by doping. The variations of the AFM moment and lattice parameter in Mn3SnC with magnetic field make it possible to use the tunable properties for technical applications. C1 [Yan, Jun; Sun, Ying; Wen, Yongchun; Chu, Lihua; Wang, Cong] Beihang Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Condensed Matter & Mat Phys, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China. [Yan, Jun; Huang, Qingzhen; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yan, Jun; Chen, Yunlin] Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Sch Sci, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. [Wu, Meimei] Chinese Inst Atom Energy, Dept Nucl Phys, Beijing 102413, Peoples R China. RP Huang, QZ (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM qing.huang@nist.gov; congwang@buaa.edu.cn RI Sun, Ying/P-1453-2016 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) [91122026, 51172012]; Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China [20111102110026]; China Scholarship Council FX This work is financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 91122026 and No. 51172012), the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20111102110026), and China Scholarship Council. NR 31 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0020-1669 EI 1520-510X J9 INORG CHEM JI Inorg. Chem. PD FEB 17 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP 2317 EP 2324 DI 10.1021/ic403063t PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA AB9VP UT WOS:000332144100057 PM 24491172 ER PT J AU Neely, RR Yu, P Rosenlof, KH Toon, OB Daniel, JS Solomon, S Miller, HL AF Neely, R. R., III Yu, P. Rosenlof, K. H. Toon, O. B. Daniel, J. S. Solomon, S. Miller, H. L. TI The contribution of anthropogenic SO2 emissions to the Asian tropopause aerosol layer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE Asian tropopause aerosol layer; Asian monsoon; aerosol; UTLS; emissions; sulfate ID STRATOSPHERIC SULFATE AEROSOL; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; MICROPHYSICAL SIMULATIONS; MONSOON TRANSPORT; CLIMATE; MODEL; EVOLUTION; POLLUTION; ANALOGS; IMPACT AB Recent observations reveal a seasonally occurring layer of aerosol located from 0 degrees to 100 degrees E, 20 degrees to 45 degrees N and extending vertically from about 13 km to 18 km; this has been termed the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL), and its existence is closely associated with the Asian summer monsoon circulation. Observational studies argue that the ATAL is a recent phenomenon, as the layer is not observed in the satellite record prior to 1998. This suggests that the ATAL may be of anthropogenic origin associated with a shift in the dominant regional emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to China and India in the late 1990s. Here we test the hypothesis that SO(2)emitted from Asia led to the formation of the ATAL using an aerosol microphysical model coupled to a global chemistry climate model. This is the first modeling study to specifically examine the ATAL and its possible origin. From our results, we conclude that the ATAL is most likely due to anthropogenic emissions, but its source cannot solely be attributed to emissions from Asia. Specifically, the results indicate that Chinese and Indian emissions contribute approximate to 30% of the sulfate aerosol extinction in the ATAL during volcanically quiescent periods. We also show that even small volcanic eruptions preclude our ability to make any conclusions about the existence of the ATAL before 1998 with observations alone. Key Points The ATAL is of anthropogenic origin, but not solely due to emissions from Asia Asian emissions contribute 30% of the sulfate aerosol extinction in the ATAL Moderate volcanic activity precludes observation of the ATA C1 [Neely, R. R., III] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Neely, R. R., III; Rosenlof, K. H.; Miller, H. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Neely, R. R., III; Daniel, J. S.; Miller, H. L.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Yu, P.; Toon, O. B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, P.; Toon, O. B.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Solomon, S.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Neely, RR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM rneely@ucar.edu RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Miller, Henry/D-7628-2013; Neely, Ryan/F-8702-2010; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Yu, Pengfei/S-4596-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Miller, Henry/0000-0002-7155-8314; Neely, Ryan/0000-0003-4560-4812; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Yu, Pengfei/0000-0002-2774-1058; FU National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794]; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado Denver; National Center for Atmospheric Research; NSF [ATM-0856007]; NASA [NNX09AK71G]; NOAA/ESRL FX This work utilized the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award number CNS-0821794), the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. The University of Colorado Boulder operates the Janus supercomputer. The work was partly supported by NSF ATM-0856007 and NASA grant NNX09AK71G. Ryan R. Neely III is currently supported by the National Center for Atmospheric Research's Advanced Study Program; some of the work presented here was done while supported as a postdoctoral research associate by NOAA/ESRL. The authors would like to thank J.F. Lamarque, C. Granier, J.P. Vernier, M.J. Mills, C. G. Bardeen, W. Randel, and S. Tilmes for all the helpful conversations while writing this paper. NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1571 EP 1579 DI 10.1002/2013JD020578 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD1LD UT WOS:000332994600031 ER PT J AU Hurst, DF Lambert, A Read, WG Davis, SM Rosenlof, KH Hall, EG Jordan, AF Oltmans, SJ AF Hurst, Dale F. Lambert, Alyn Read, William G. Davis, Sean M. Rosenlof, Karen H. Hall, Emrys G. Jordan, Allen F. Oltmans, Samuel J. TI Validation of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder stratospheric water vapor measurements by the NOAA frost point hygrometer SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE water vapor; stratosphere; measurements ID BOULDER; VARIABILITY; WASHINGTON; INCREASE; TRENDS; DC AB Differences between stratospheric water vapor measurements by NOAA frost point hygrometers (FPHs) and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) are evaluated for the period August 2004 through December 2012 at Boulder, Colorado, Hilo, Hawaii, and Lauder, New Zealand. Two groups of MLS profiles coincident with the FPH soundings at each site are identified using unique sets of spatiotemporal criteria. Before evaluating the differences between coincident FPH and MLS profiles, each FPH profile is convolved with the MLS averaging kernels for eight pressure levels from 100 to 26 hPa (similar to 16 to 25 km) to reduce its vertical resolution to that of the MLS water vapor retrievals. The mean FPH-MLS differences at every pressure level (100 to 26 hPa) are well within the combined measurement uncertainties of the two instruments. However, the mean differences at 100 and 83 hPa are statistically significant and negative, ranging from -0.460.22 ppmv (-10.34.8%) to -0.100.05 ppmv (-2.21.2%). Mean differences at the six pressure levels from 68 to 26 hPa are on average 0.8% (0.04 ppmv), and only a few are statistically significant. The FPH-MLS differences at each site are examined for temporal trends using weighted linear regression analyses. The vast majority of trends determined here are not statistically significant, and most are smaller than the minimum trends detectable in this analysis. Except at 100 and 83 hPa, the average agreement between MLS retrievals and FPH measurements of stratospheric water vapor is better than 1%. C1 [Hurst, Dale F.; Davis, Sean M.; Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.; Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hurst, Dale F.; Hall, Emrys G.; Jordan, Allen F.; Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Lambert, Alyn; Read, William G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Davis, Sean M.; Rosenlof, Karen H.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hurst, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Dale.Hurst@noaa.gov RI Davis, Sean/C-9570-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Davis, Sean/0000-0001-9276-6158; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322; FU NOAA Climate Program Office; US Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Upper Atmosphere Research Program; National Aeronautics and Space Administration FX The authors thank the NOAA Climate Program Office, the US Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) program, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Upper Atmosphere Research Program for financial support of the NOAA ESRL GMD long-term UTLS water vapor monitoring programs at Hilo, Lauder, and Boulder. FPH soundings are carefully performed at Lauder by Hamish Chisholm and Alan Thomas of New Zealand's National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research, and at Hilo by David Nardini and Darryl Kuniyuki of the NOAA ESRL GMD. Work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, was carried out under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 3 BP 1612 EP 1625 DI 10.1002/2013JD020757 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD1LD UT WOS:000332994600034 ER PT J AU Rodrigues, RR McPhaden, MJ AF Rodrigues, Regina R. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Why did the 2011-2012 La Nina cause a severe drought in the Brazilian Northeast? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Tropical Atlantic; ENSO; Brazilian Climate ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; TELECONNECTION; CIRCULATION; CLIMATOLOGY; RAINFALL; DYNAMICS; PACIFIC AB The Brazilian Northeast (NE) is strongly affected by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During La Nina events, the precipitation over the NE is generally above average. However, during the last La Nina event in 2011-2012, the NE went through its worst drought in the last 30 years. In this study, observations and numerical simulations are used to determine what made the 2011-2012 event different from other events. We find that eastern Pacific (canonical) La Nina events cause a cooling of the tropical North Atlantic and warming of the tropical South Atlantic that lead to a southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, which in turn brings rain to the NE. On the other hand, La Nina events with the cooling concentrated in the central Pacific cause the opposite meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the tropical Atlantic, leading to droughts over the NE. The 2011-2012 event was of the latter type. This study also shows that it is possible to predict the sign of the NE rainfall anomaly during ENSO events using a simple SST index. Key Points ENSO drives SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic Central and eastern Pacific events cause opposite precipitation responses A simple inter-basin SST index can be used to predict Northeast precipitation C1 [Rodrigues, Regina R.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Geosci, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rodrigues, RR (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Geosci, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM regina.rodrigues@ufsc.br RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 FU CNPq [477777/2011-2]; NOAA FX R.R.R. especially thanks CNPq for its support (grant 477777/2011-2). This work is part of the research conducted by the INCT-MC, INCT-Mar COI, and Rede CLIMA. M.J.M. acknowledges NOAA for support. NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1012 EP 1018 DI 10.1002/2013GL058703 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JO UT WOS:000332990500038 ER PT J AU Zhang, T Perlwitz, J Hoerling, MP AF Zhang, Tao Perlwitz, Judith Hoerling, Martin P. TI What is responsible for the strong observed asymmetry in teleconnections between El Nino and La Nina? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Asymmetry; symmetry; sample variability; ENSO teleconnections; North America; surface climate ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ENSO; NONLINEARITY; PRECIPITATION; PATTERNS AB A large asymmetric component (El Nino+La Nina) of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related teleconnections over North America is found during 1984-2009 that is comparable in strength to the commonly studied symmetric component (El Nino-La Nina). Climate reforecasts spanning this period are diagnosed in order to understand the processes responsible for the observed asymmetry. It is confirmed that an asymmetric component is indeed a fundamental property of atmospheric responses to recent ENSO forcing. Each and every composite of a 16-member reforecast ensemble has appreciable asymmetry in tropical Pacific rainfall, upper tropospheric Pacific-North American circulation patterns, and contiguous U.S. surface temperatures. There is considerable sampling variability in the magnitude of this asymmetric component among individual reforecast composites. We argue therefore that the true sea surface temperature boundary-forced signal of ENSO teleconnections is likely composed of a symmetric component having greater magnitude than its asymmetric component, though the latter is an important property of how ENSO affects North American climate. Key Points Asymmetry is a fundamental property of atmospheric responses to recent ENSO Strong observed asymmetry in ENSO teleconnections is from sampling variability True ENSO symmetric component is likely greater than asymmetric component C1 [Zhang, Tao; Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Tao; Perlwitz, Judith; Hoerling, Martin P.] NOAA, Phys Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhang, T (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tao.zhang@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442 FU NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program [GC11-300] FX The support offered by the NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program under grant GC11-300 is gratefully acknowledged. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1019 EP 1025 DI 10.1002/2013GL058964 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JO UT WOS:000332990500039 ER PT J AU Tietsche, S Day, JJ Guemas, V Hurlin, WJ Keeley, SPE Matei, D Msadek, R Collins, M Hawkins, E AF Tietsche, S. Day, J. J. Guemas, V. Hurlin, W. J. Keeley, S. P. E. Matei, D. Msadek, R. Collins, M. Hawkins, E. TI Seasonal to interannual Arctic sea ice predictability in current global climate models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE seasonal to decadal predictability; Arctic; sea ice; global climate models ID DYNAMICAL FORECAST SYSTEM; SIMULATIONS; PREDICTION; EXTENT AB We establish the first intermodel comparison of seasonal to interannual predictability of present-day Arctic climate by performing coordinated sets of idealized ensemble predictions with four state-of-the-art global climate models. For Arctic sea ice extent and volume, there is potential predictive skill for lead times of up to 3 years, and potential prediction errors have similar growth rates and magnitudes across the models. Spatial patterns of potential prediction errors differ substantially between the models, but some features are robust. Sea ice concentration errors are largest in the marginal ice zone, and in winter they are almost zero away from the ice edge. Sea ice thickness errors are amplified along the coasts of the Arctic Ocean, an effect that is dominated by sea ice advection. These results give an upper bound on the ability of current global climate models to predict important aspects of Arctic climate. Key Points Arctic sea ice is potentially predictable for up to three years in current GCMs Potential prediction errors are amplified at the coasts of the Arctic ocean Advective processes are very important for spatial error patterns C1 [Tietsche, S.; Day, J. J.; Hawkins, E.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. [Guemas, V.] Inst Catala Ciencies Clima, Barcelona, Spain. [Guemas, V.] CNRM GAME, Toulouse, France. [Hurlin, W. J.; Msadek, R.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Keeley, S. P. E.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Matei, D.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Collins, M.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Tietsche, S (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, NCAS Climate, Reading, Berks, England. EM s.tietsche@reading.ac.uk RI Day, Jonathan/B-9757-2013; Tietsche, Steffen/F-7633-2015; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; Guemas, Virginie/B-9090-2016; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; Keeley, Sarah/G-3352-2016 OI Day, Jonathan/0000-0002-3750-649X; Tietsche, Steffen/0000-0002-2961-0289; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Guemas, Virginie/0000-0002-6340-3558; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Keeley, Sarah/0000-0002-8046-765X FU APPOSITE project [NE/I029447/1]; UK Natural Environment Research Council FX This research was supported by the APPOSITE project (grant NE/I029447/1) funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council. Data storage and processing capacity was kindly provided by the British Atmospheric Data Centre (BADC). We thank Chris Ferro, James Screen, and Stefan Siegert for helpful discussions. NR 25 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1035 EP 1043 DI 10.1002/2013GL058755 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JO UT WOS:000332990500041 ER PT J AU Feng, SC Senthilkumaran, K Brown, CU Kulvatunyou, B AF Feng, Shaw C. Senthilkumaran, Kumaraguru Brown, Christopher U. Kulvatunyou, Boonserm TI Energy metrics for product assembly equipment and processes SO JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE Assembly equipment; Assembly process; Energy metrics; Sustainable manufacturing; Sustainability measurement ID EFFICIENCY AB A key factor deciding the capacity to increase the sustainability of final products is the energy efficiency. The energy embodied in a product is an aggregation of all of the energy embodied in the products' components and subsystems, expended through its manufacturing processes and logistical activities. Currently, accurate estimation of this energy metric is hindered due to the unavailability of energy use data traceable to individual processes and equipment associated with the product's assembly. In this paper, we propose using minimally-required energy to compute energy efficiency of a product assembly process. Based on the proposed approach, efficiency metrics established on the process, product, material and equipment characteristics have been presented at the assembly activity and equipment level. A case study has been presented for a hybrid laser welding process to demonstrate the computational methods used to arrive at these efficiency metrics. Major contributions of this paper are the metrics development and exemplifying the metrics through an actual assembly process (hybrid laser welding) case study. We will explain how these metrics can provide industries with a capability to identify opportunities to improve their sustainability performance across their assembly processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Feng, Shaw C.; Senthilkumaran, Kumaraguru; Brown, Christopher U.; Kulvatunyou, Boonserm] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feng, SC (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw.feng@nist.gov NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0959-6526 EI 1879-1786 J9 J CLEAN PROD JI J. Clean Prod. PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 65 BP 142 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.044 PG 10 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AC3PH UT WOS:000332433200015 ER PT J AU Oh, DY Sell, D Lee, H Yang, KY Diddams, SA Vahala, KJ AF Oh, Dong Yoon Sell, David Lee, Hansuek Yang, Ki Youl Diddams, Scott A. Vahala, Kerry J. TI Supercontinuum generation in an on-chip silica waveguide SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUUM GENERATION; FIBERS; DISPERSION AB Supercontinuum generation is demonstrated in an on-chip silica spiral waveguide by launching 180 fs pulses from an optical parametric oscillator at the center wavelength of 1330 nm. With a coupled pulse energy of 2.17 nJ, the broadest spectrum in the fundamental TM mode extends from 936 to 1888 nm ( 162 THz) at-50 dB from peak. There is a good agreement between the measured spectrum and a simulation using a generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Oh, Dong Yoon; Sell, David; Lee, Hansuek; Yang, Ki Youl; Vahala, Kerry J.] CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vahala, KJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM vahala@caltech.edu RI Lee, Hansuek/G-2007-2015; OI Lee, Hansuek/0000-0002-0748-7662; Yang, Ki Youl/0000-0002-0587-3201 FU DARPA QuASAR program; NASA; Kavli Nanoscience Institute FX The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the DARPA QuASAR program, NASA, and the Kavli Nanoscience Institute. NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 27 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 1046 EP 1048 DI 10.1364/OL.39.001046 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA AB4ZG UT WOS:000331798000084 PM 24562274 ER PT J AU Della Torre, E ElBidweihy, H Provenzano, V Bennett, LH AF Della Torre, Edward ElBidweihy, Hatem Provenzano, Virgil Bennett, Lawrence H. TI Modeling the fractional magnetic states of magnetostructural transformations SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Modeling; Magnetization; Magnetostructural transformations AB The large inverse magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in the off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys occurs at a critical temperature near room temperature. At this temperature, the material is in a mixed-state and can have a variable ratio of two stable magnetic crystallographic-states; a high magnetization state (HM) and a low magnetization state (LM). The held-induced thermal hysteresis in the virgin curve of Ni50Mn35In15 and the virgin first-order reversal curves (VFORC) are presented. A model is introduced to describe the descending branches of these curves based on the different magnetic fields of conversion (from HM to LM). Using limited measurements, the model is used as a tool to determine the fractions of the two crystallographic-states within the mixed-state region. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Della Torre, Edward; ElBidweihy, Hatem; Bennett, Lawrence H.] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Provenzano, Virgil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP ElBidweihy, H (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM hatem@gwmail.gwu.edu NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 435 BP 50 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2013.09.055 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 295SB UT WOS:000330134700013 ER PT J AU Provenzano, V Della Torre, E Bennett, LH ElBidweihy, H AF Provenzano, Virgil Della Torre, Edward Bennett, Lawrence H. ElBidweihy, Hatem TI Hysteresis of magnetostructural transitions: Repeatable and non-repeatable processes SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE Magnetostructural transitions; Heusler alloys; Hysteresis ID ELECTRON METAMAGNETISM; ENTROPY CHANGE; GD5SI2GE2 AB The Gd5Ge2Si2 alloy and the off-stoichiometric Ni50Mn35In15 Heusler alloy belong to a special class of metallic materials that exhibit first-order magnetostructural transitions near room temperature. The magnetic properties of this class of materials have been extensively studied due to their interesting magnetic behavior and their potential for a number of technological applications such as refrigerants for near-room-temperature magnetic refrigeration. The thermally driven first-order transitions in these materials can be field-induced in the reverse order by applying a strong enough held. The field-induced transitions are typically accompanied by the presence of large magnetic hysteresis, the characteristics of which are a complicated function of temperature, held, and magneto-thermal history. In this study we show that the virgin curve, the major loop, and sequentially measured MR loops are the results of both repeatable and non-repeatable processes, in which the starting magnetostructural state, prior to the cycling of field, plays a major role. Using the Gd5Ge2Si2 and Ni50Mn35In15 alloys, as model materials, we show that a starting single phase state results in fully repeatable processes and large magnetic hysteresis, whereas a mixed phase starting state results in non-repeatable processes and smaller hysteresis. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved C1 [Provenzano, Virgil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Della Torre, Edward; Bennett, Lawrence H.; ElBidweihy, Hatem] George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP ElBidweihy, H (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM Hatem@gwmail.gwu.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 15 PY 2014 VL 435 BP 138 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2013.09.056 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 295SB UT WOS:000330134700034 ER PT J AU Wallace, JM Held, IM Thompson, DWJ Trenberth, KE Walsh, JE AF Wallace, John M. Held, Isaac M. Thompson, David W. J. Trenberth, Kevin E. Walsh, John E. TI Global Warming and Winter Weather SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES; CIRCULATION C1 [Wallace, John M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Thompson, David W. J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Trenberth, Kevin E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate Anal Sect, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Wallace, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wallace@atmos.washington.edu RI Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Trenberth, Kevin/A-5683-2012 OI Trenberth, Kevin/0000-0002-1445-1000 NR 9 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 7 U2 104 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 14 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6172 BP 729 EP 730 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB1NB UT WOS:000331557800015 PM 24531953 ER PT J AU Brandt, AR Heath, GA Kort, EA O'Sullivan, F Petron, G Jordaan, SM Tans, P Wilcox, J Gopstein, AM Arent, D Wofsy, S Brown, NJ Bradley, R Stucky, GD Eardley, D Harriss, R AF Brandt, A. R. Heath, G. A. Kort, E. A. O'Sullivan, F. Petron, G. Jordaan, S. M. Tans, P. Wilcox, J. Gopstein, A. M. Arent, D. Wofsy, S. Brown, N. J. Bradley, R. Stucky, G. D. Eardley, D. Harriss, R. TI Methane Leaks from North American Natural Gas Systems SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; EMISSIONS C1 [Brandt, A. R.; Wilcox, J.] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Heath, G. A.; Arent, D.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Kort, E. A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [O'Sullivan, F.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Petron, G.; Tans, P.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Petron, G.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jordaan, S. M.] Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Gopstein, A. M.] US Dept State, Washington, DC 20520 USA. [Arent, D.] Joint Inst Strateg Energy Anal, Golden, CO USA. [Wofsy, S.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Brown, N. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stucky, G. D.; Eardley, D.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Harriss, R.] Environm Def Fund, Boulder, CO USA. RP Brandt, AR (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM abrandt@stanford.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012 OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541 NR 29 TC 192 Z9 195 U1 28 U2 166 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 14 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6172 BP 733 EP 735 DI 10.1126/science.1247045 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB1NB UT WOS:000331557800024 PM 24531957 ER PT J AU Brette, F Machado, B Cros, C Incardona, JP Scholz, NL Block, BA AF Brette, Fabien Machado, Ben Cros, Caroline Incardona, John P. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Block, Barbara A. TI Crude Oil Impairs Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Fish SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES; EMBRYOS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; SENSITIVITY; PLASTICITY; ZEBRAFISH AB Crude oil is known to disrupt cardiac function in fish embryos. Large oil spills, such as the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) disaster that occurred in 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico, could severely affect fish at impacted spawning sites. The physiological mechanisms underlying such potential cardiotoxic effects remain unclear. Here, we show that crude oil samples collected from the DWH spill prolonged the action potential of isolated cardiomyocytes from juvenile bluefin and yellowfin tunas, through the blocking of the delayed rectifier potassium current (I-Kr). Crude oil exposure also decreased calcium current (I-Ca) and calcium cycling, which disrupted excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. Our findings demonstrate a cardiotoxic mechanism by which crude oil affects the regulation of cellular excitability, with implications for life-threatening arrhythmias in vertebrates. C1 [Brette, Fabien; Machado, Ben; Cros, Caroline; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Incardona, John P.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Block, BA (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Dept Biol, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM bblock@stanford.edu RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation; Stanford University FX We thank D. Bers and K. Ginsburg of University of California, Davis; R. Kochevar of Stanford University; and R. Ricker of NOAA for constructive advice on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We are also grateful to C. Farwell, A. Norton, and E. Estess of the Monterey Bay Aquarium, along with husbandry teams for maintenance of bluefin and yellowfin tunas and handling of oil experiments within Tuna Research and Conservation Center; the Government of Mexico for permitting the collection of tunas in their waters; T. Dunn and the crew of the F/V Shogun; and H. Shiels, G. Galli, and S. Thompson for experimental help during preliminary studies of PAH compounds. This work was funded as a contributing study to the DWH-MC252 incident Natural Resource Damage Assessment. Additional funds were provided by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Foundation and Stanford University. All experiments with crude oil were approved by Stanford University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee procedures. All data necessary to understand this manuscript are presented in the main text or supplementary materials. NR 32 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 22 U2 115 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 14 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6172 BP 772 EP 776 DI 10.1126/science.1242747 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AB1NB UT WOS:000331557800040 PM 24531969 ER PT J AU Monroe, C Raussendorf, R Ruthven, A Brown, KR Maunz, P Duan, LM Kim, J AF Monroe, C. Raussendorf, R. Ruthven, A. Brown, K. R. Maunz, P. Duan, L. -M. Kim, J. TI Large-scale modular quantum-computer architecture with atomic memory and photonic interconnects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRAPPED IONS; ENTANGLED STATES; INFORMATION PROCESSOR; SINGLE-PHOTON; DOT SPIN; COMPUTATION; OPERATIONS; QUBIT; REPEATERS; NETWORKS AB The practical construction of scalable quantum-computer hardware capable of executing nontrivial quantum algorithms will require the juxtaposition of different types of quantum systems. We analyze a modular ion trap quantum-computer architecture with a hierarchy of interactions that can scale to very large numbers of qubits. Local entangling quantum gates between qubit memories within a single register are accomplished using natural interactions between the qubits, and entanglement between separate registers is completed via a probabilistic photonic interface between qubits in different registers, even over large distances. We show that this architecture can be made fault tolerant, and demonstrate its viability for fault-tolerant execution of modest size quantum circuits. C1 [Monroe, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Monroe, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Raussendorf, R.; Ruthven, A.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Brown, K. R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brown, K. R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Computat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Brown, K. R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Maunz, P.; Kim, J.] Duke Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duan, L. -M.] Univ Michigan, MCTP, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Duan, L. -M.] Tsinghua Univ, Ctr Quantum Informat, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Monroe, C (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Brown, Kenneth/E-5844-2010; Monroe, Christopher/G-8105-2011 OI Brown, Kenneth/0000-0001-7716-1425; FU NBRPC [2011CBA00300]; Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; Army Research Office MURI Program on Hybrid Quantum Optical Circuits; NSF Physics Frontier Center FX We thank D. Bacon, M. Biercuk, B. Blinov, S. Flammia, D. L. Moehring, and R. E. Slusher for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, the Army Research Office MURI Program on Hybrid Quantum Optical Circuits, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI. L.M.D. acknowledges support from NBRPC (973 Program) Grant No. 2011CBA00300. NR 85 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 7 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 13 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022317 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.022317 PG 16 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC0ZN UT WOS:000332224100002 ER PT J AU Eckel, S Lee, JG Jendrzejewski, F Murray, N Clark, CW Lobb, CJ Phillips, WD Edwards, M Campbell, GK AF Eckel, Stephen Lee, Jeffrey G. Jendrzejewski, Fred Murray, Noel Clark, Charles W. Lobb, Christopher J. Phillips, William D. Edwards, Mark Campbell, Gretchen K. TI Hysteresis in a quantized superfluid 'atomtronic' circuit SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; STATES; GAS; ROTATION AB Atomtronics(1,2) is an emerging interdisciplinary field that seeks to develop new functional methods by creating devices and circuits where ultracold atoms, often superfluids, have a role analogous to that of electrons in electronics. Hysteresis is widely used in electronic circuits-it is routinely observed in superconducting circuits(3) and is essential in radio-frequency superconducting quantum interference devices(4). Furthermore, it is as fundamental to superfluidity(5) (and superconductivity) as quantized persistent currents(6-8), critical velocity(9-14) and Josephson effects(15,16). Nevertheless, despite multiple theoretical predictions(5,17-19), hysteresis has not been previously observed in any superfluid, atomic-gas Bose-Einstein condensate. Here we directly detect hysteresis between quantized circulation states in an atomtronic circuit formed from a ring of superfluid Bose-Einstein condensate obstructed by a rotating weak link (a region of low atomic density). This contrasts with previous experiments on superfluid liquid helium where hysteresis was observed directly in systems in which the quantization of flow could not be observed(20), and indirectly in systems that showed quantized flow(21,22). Our techniques allow us to tune the size of the hysteresis loop and to consider the fundamental excitations that accompany hysteresis. The results suggest that the relevant excitations involved in hysteresis are vortices, and indicate that dissipation has an important role in the dynamics. Controlled hysteresis in atomtronic circuits may prove to be a crucial feature for the development of practical devices, just as it has in electronic circuits such as memories, digital noise filters (for example Schmitt triggers) and magnetometers (for example superconducting quantum interference devices). C1 [Eckel, Stephen; Lee, Jeffrey G.; Jendrzejewski, Fred; Clark, Charles W.; Lobb, Christopher J.; Phillips, William D.; Campbell, Gretchen K.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Eckel, Stephen; Lee, Jeffrey G.; Jendrzejewski, Fred; Clark, Charles W.; Lobb, Christopher J.; Phillips, William D.; Campbell, Gretchen K.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Murray, Noel; Edwards, Mark] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Campbell, GK (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gretchen.campbell@nist.gov RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Eckel, Stephen/K-5215-2014; Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Jendrzejewski, Fred/L-2998-2016 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Eckel, Stephen/0000-0002-8887-0320; Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Jendrzejewski, Fred/0000-0003-1488-7901 FU ONR; ARO atomtronics MURI; NSF through the PFC at the JQI; National Research Council; [PHY-1068761] FX This work was partially supported by ONR, the ARO atomtronics MURI, and the NSF through the PFC at the JQI and grant PHY-1068761. S. E. is supported by a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship. We wish to thank K. Wright, W. T. Hill III and A. Kumar for valuable discussions and experimental assistance. NR 33 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 59 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 13 PY 2014 VL 506 IS 7487 BP 200 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12958 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA5AK UT WOS:000331107700033 PM 24522597 ER PT J AU Wang, XH Piao, SL Ciais, P Friedlingstein, P Myneni, RB Cox, P Heimann, M Miller, J Peng, SS Wang, T Yang, H Chen, AP AF Wang, Xuhui Piao, Shilong Ciais, Philippe Friedlingstein, Pierre Myneni, Ranga B. Cox, Peter Heimann, Martin Miller, John Peng, Shushi Wang, Tao Yang, Hui Chen, Anping TI A two-fold increase of carbon cycle sensitivity to tropical temperature variations SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TREE MORTALITY; RAIN-FORESTS; CLIMATE; DROUGHT; DIOXIDE; CO2; LAND; DATASET; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEMS AB Earth system models project that the tropical land carbon sink will decrease in size in response to an increase in warming and drought during this century, probably causing a positive climate feedback(1,2). But available data(3-5) are too limited at present to test the predicted changes in the tropical carbon balance in response to climate change. Long-term atmospheric carbon dioxide data provide a global record that integrates the interannual variability of the global carbon balance. Multiple lines of evidence(6-8) demonstrate that most of this variability originates in the terrestrial biosphere. In particular, the year-to-year variations in the atmospheric carbon dioxide growth rate (CGR) are thought to be the result of fluctuations in the carbon fluxes of tropical land areas(6,9,10). Recently, the response of CGR to tropical climate interannual variability was used to put a constraint on the sensitivity of tropical land carbon to climate change(10). Here we use the long-term CGR record from Mauna Loa and the South Pole to show that the sensitivity of CGR to tropical temperature interannual variability has increased by a factor of 1.9 +/- 0.3 in the past five decades. We find that this sensitivity was greater when tropical land regions experienced drier conditions. This suggests that the sensitivity of CGR to interannual temperature variations is regulated by moisture conditions, even though the direct correlation between CGR and tropical precipitation is weak(9). We also find that present terrestrial carbon cycle models do not capture the observed enhancement in CGR sensitivity in the past five decades. More realistic model predictions of future carbon cycle and climate feedbacks require a better understanding of the processes driving the response of tropical ecosystems to drought and warming. C1 [Wang, Xuhui; Piao, Shilong; Ciais, Philippe; Peng, Shushi; Wang, Tao; Yang, Hui] Peking Univ, Sinofrench Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Piao, Shilong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Tibetan Plateau Res, Beijing 100085, Peoples R China. [Ciais, Philippe; Wang, Tao] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Friedlingstein, Pierre; Cox, Peter] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Earth & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Heimann, Martin] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Miller, John] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, John] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Chen, Anping] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Piao, SL (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sinofrench Inst Earth Syst Sci, Coll Urban & Environm Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM slpiao@pku.edu.cn RI Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Peng, Shushi/J-4779-2014; Chen, Anping/H-9960-2014; wang, tao/H-2830-2013; Heimann, Martin/H-7807-2016; Cox, Peter/B-3299-2012 OI Peng, Shushi/0000-0001-5098-726X; wang, tao/0000-0003-4792-5898; Heimann, Martin/0000-0001-6296-5113; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125004]; National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB950601, 2013CB956303]; National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program in China; NASA Earth Science Division FX We thank S. Seneviratne and G. Zhang for comments and J. Gash for English editing. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41125004), the National Basic Research Program of China (grant nos 2010CB950601 and 2013CB956303) and the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program in China. R. B. M. was funded by the NASA Earth Science Division. NR 51 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 18 U2 246 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 13 PY 2014 VL 506 IS 7487 BP 212 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12915 PG 16 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AA5AK UT WOS:000331107700036 PM 24463514 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Li, YC Pitts, WM Werrel, M Davis, RD AF Kim, Yeon Seok Li, Yu-Chin Pitts, William M. Werrel, Martin Davis, Rick D. TI Rapid Growing Clay Coatings to Reduce the Fire Threat of Furniture SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE layer-by-layer assembly; polyurethane foam; sodium montmorillonite; flame retardant; real scale mockup ID POLYURETHANE FOAM FLAMMABILITY; FILLED COATINGS; OXYGEN BARRIER; DRUG-DELIVERY; THIN-FILM; FLAME; MONTMORILLONITE; BEHAVIOR; NANOCOATINGS; ASSEMBLIES AB Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly coatings reduce the flammability of textiles and polyurethane foam but require extensive repetitive processing steps to produce the desired coating thickness and nanoparticle fire retardant content that translates into a fire retardant coating. Reported here is a new hybrid bi-layer (BL) approach to fabricate fire retardant coatings on polyurethane foam. Utilizing hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction along with the pH adjustment, a fast growing coating with significant fire retardant clay content was achieved. This hybrid BL coating exhibits significant fire performance improvement in both bench scale and real scale tests. Cone calorimetry bench scale tests show a 42% and 71% reduction in peak and average heat release rates, respectively. Real scale furniture mockups constructed using the hybrid LbL coating reduced the peak and average heat release rates by 53% and 63%, respectively. This is the first time that the fire safety in a real scale test has been reported for any LbL technology. This hybrid LbL coating is the fastest approach to develop an effective fire retardant coating for polyurethane foam. C1 [Kim, Yeon Seok; Li, Yu-Chin; Pitts, William M.; Davis, Rick D.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Werrel, Martin] Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12205 Berlin, Germany. RP Davis, RD (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS-8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.davis@nist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 7 U2 70 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD FEB 12 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 3 BP 2146 EP 2152 DI 10.1021/am405259n PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AB0OY UT WOS:000331493200108 PM 24422757 ER PT J AU Beloy, K AF Beloy, K. TI Hyperfine Structure in Th-229g(3+) as a Probe of the Th-229g -> Th-229m Nuclear Excitation Energy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION; MOMENTS; STATES AB We identify a potential means to extract the Th-229g -> Th-229m nuclear excitation energy from precision microwave spectroscopy of the 5F(5/2,7/2) hyperfine manifolds in the ion Th-229g(3+). The hyperfine interaction mixes this ground fine structure doublet with states of the nuclear isomer, introducing small but observable shifts to the hyperfine sublevels. We demonstrate how accurate atomic structure calculations may be combined with the measurement of the hyperfine intervals to quantify the effects of this mixing. Further knowledge of the magnetic dipole decay rate of the isomer, as recently reported, allows an indirect determination of the nuclear excitation energy. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Beloy, K (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU National Research Council FX This work was funded through the Research Associateship Programs of the National Research Council. The author thanks A. Klose, J. A. Sherman, A. D. Ludlow, M. Schioppo, and C. W. Oates for helpful discussions. NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 12 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 6 AR 062503 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.062503 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB7EG UT WOS:000331951500001 PM 24580690 ER PT J AU Cui, J Choi, JP Li, G Polikarpov, E Darsell, J Overman, N Olszta, M Schreiber, D Bowden, M Droubay, T Kramer, MJ Zarkevich, NA Wang, LL Johnson, DD Marinescu, M Takeuchi, I Huang, QZ Wu, H Reeve, H Vuong, NV Liu, JP AF Cui, J. Choi, J. P. Li, G. Polikarpov, E. Darsell, J. Overman, N. Olszta, M. Schreiber, D. Bowden, M. Droubay, T. Kramer, M. J. Zarkevich, N. A. Wang, L. L. Johnson, D. D. Marinescu, M. Takeuchi, I. Huang, Q. Z. Wu, H. Reeve, H. Vuong, N. V. Liu, J. P. TI Thermal stability of MnBi magnetic materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article DE non rare earth permanent magnet; MnBi; thermal decomposition; positive temperature coefficient ID INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE AB MnBi has attracted much attention in recent years due to its potential as a rare-earth-free permanent magnet material. It is unique because its coercivity increases with increasing temperature, which makes it a good hard phase material for exchange coupling nanocomposite magnets. MnBi phase is difficult to obtain, partly because the reaction between Mn and Bi is peritectic, and partly because Mn reacts readily with oxygen. MnO formation is irreversible and harmful to magnet performance. In this paper, we report our efforts toward developing MnBi permanent magnets. To date, high purity MnBi (>90%) can be routinely produced in large quantities. The produced powder exhibits 74.6 emu g(-1) saturation magnetization at room temperature with 9 T applied field. After proper alignment, the maximum energy product (BH)(max) of the powder reached 11.9 MGOe, and that of the sintered bulk magnet reached 7.8 MGOe at room temperature. A comprehensive study of thermal stability shows that MnBi powder is stable up to 473 K in air. C1 [Cui, J.; Choi, J. P.; Li, G.; Polikarpov, E.; Darsell, J.; Overman, N.; Olszta, M.; Schreiber, D.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Cui, J.; Takeuchi, I.; Wu, H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bowden, M.] Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Droubay, T.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Fundamental & Computat Sci Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. [Kramer, M. J.; Zarkevich, N. A.; Wang, L. L.; Johnson, D. D.] US DOE, Div Mat Sci & Engn, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Kramer, M. J.; Johnson, D. D.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Marinescu, M.] Elect Energy Corp, Landisville, PA 17538 USA. [Huang, Q. Z.; Wu, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reeve, H.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. [Vuong, N. V.; Liu, J. P.] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Cui, J (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM jun.cui@pnnl.gov RI Zarkevich, Nikolai/A-3261-2013; Droubay, Tim/D-5395-2016; OI Zarkevich, Nikolai/0000-0003-1919-0177; Droubay, Tim/0000-0002-8821-0322; Johnson, Duane/0000-0003-0794-7283 FU US Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy [11/CJ000/09/03] FX This research was supported by the US Department of Energy's Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy under contract No. 11/CJ000/09/03. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 9 U2 85 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD FEB 12 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 6 AR 064212 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/26/6/064212 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 304BB UT WOS:000330719100013 PM 24469323 ER PT J AU Hore, MJA Composto, RJ AF Hore, Michael J. A. Composto, Russell J. TI Functional Polymer Nanocomposites Enhanced by Nanorods SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANORODS; GRAFTED-NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; HOMOPOLYMER FILMS; ELECTRICAL-CONDUCTIVITY; CARBON NANOTUBES; CDSE NANORODS; AU NANORODS; SOLAR-CELLS; COMPOSITES AB Because of their shape anisotropy, nanorods are attractive components for creating functional polymer nanocomposites. In many cases, this anisotropy is the basis of physical properties that are distinct from those obtained from isotropic particles, such as nanospheres. For instance, the shape of gold nanorods makes them ideal candidates for applications involving the manipulation of incident light and sensitive molecular spectroscopy due to enhanced polarizability of the particle. On the other hand, semiconducting nanorods, such as those composed of CdSe, have shown promise in polymer-based photovoltaic devices as sites for electron transport and charge transfer. In this Perspective, we motivate the fabrication of functional polymer nanocomposites based specifically upon the inclusion of nanorods over other nanoparticle shapes and discuss ways in which the anisotropy of the individual nanoparticles enhances assembly in and the properties of polymer nanocomposites in comparison to spherical nanoparticles. We briefly summarize methods to successfully disperse and organize nanorods within polymers and discuss applications of polymer nanocomposites involving sensing, energy harnessing, and mechanical enhancement. Finally, we comment on unresolved issues for fabricating nanorod-based polymer composites and suggest topics warranting future investigation. C1 [Hore, Michael J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Composto, Russell J.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Composto, Russell J.] Univ Penn, Res Struct Matter Lab, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Composto, RJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM composto@seas.upenn.edu RI Hore, Michael/F-7534-2012 OI Hore, Michael/0000-0003-2571-2111 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0944772]; National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral associateship at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR); NSF/Polymer [DMR-0944772]; NSF/CEMRI [DMR-1120901]; Division of Materials Research at the National Science Foundation FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Agreement DMR-0944772. M.J.A.H. acknowledges support from a National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral associateship at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). R.J.C. acknowledges support from NSF/Polymer DMR-0944772 and NSF/CEMRI DMR-1120901 and extends a special acknowledgement to the Division of Materials Research at the National Science Foundation for a Special Creativity Award to support nanorod/polymer research. The authors also thank R. Ferrier, Dr. P. Rannou, Dr. Y. Liu, Dr. J. Ford, Prof. C. B. Murray, Dr. X. Ye, Prof. N. Clarke, Prof. R. A. Riggleman, Dr. A. L. Frischknecht, Dr. B. Hammouda, and others who contributed to our study of nanorods. The identification of commercial products or experimental methods does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 94 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 12 U2 159 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD FEB 11 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 3 BP 875 EP 887 DI 10.1021/ma402179w PG 13 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AA8KK UT WOS:000331344200001 ER PT J AU Xu, HT Hafezi, M Fan, J Taylor, JM Strouse, GF Ahmed, Z AF Xu, Haitan Hafezi, Mohammad Fan, J. Taylor, J. M. Strouse, G. F. Ahmed, Zeeshan TI Ultra-sensitive chip-based photonic temperature sensor using ring resonator structures SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID GAS SENSORS; SILICON AB Resistance thermometry provides a time-tested method for taking temperature measurements. However, fundamental limits to resistance-based approaches has produced considerable interest in developing photonic temperature sensors to leverage advances in frequency metrology and to achieve greater mechanical and environmental stability. Here we show that silicon-based optical ring resonator devices can resolve temperature differences of 1 mK using the traditional wavelength scanning methodology. An even lower noise floor of 80 mu K for measuring temperature difference is achieved in the side-of-fringe, constant power mode measurement. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Xu, Haitan; Hafezi, Mohammad; Fan, J.; Taylor, J. M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Taylor, J. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Strouse, G. F.; Ahmed, Zeeshan] NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ahmed, Z (reprint author), NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Grp, Sensor Sci Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeeshan.ahmed@nist.gov RI Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008; Xu, Haitan/K-4137-2012 OI Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880; FU DARPA QuASAR; NSF FX We thank Kevin Douglass, Stephen Maxwell, Howard Yoon, Joe Hodges for helpful comments. This work was supported in part by DARPA QuASAR and by the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center at the JQI. NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 BP 3098 EP 3104 DI 10.1364/OE.22.003098 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA AC4VB UT WOS:000332518100093 PM 24663600 ER PT J AU Stevens, MJ Glancy, S Nam, SW Mirin, RP AF Stevens, Martin J. Glancy, Scott Nam, Sae Woo Mirin, Richard P. TI Third-order antibunching from an imperfect single-photon source SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL LIGHT; UP-CONVERSION; LASER-LIGHT; THRESHOLD; AUTOCORRELATION; MICROCAVITY AB We measure second-and third-order temporal coherences, g((2))(tau) and g((3))(tau 1, tau 2), of an optically excited single-photon source: an InGaAs quantum dot in a microcavity pedestal. Increasing the optical excitation power leads to an increase in the measured count rate, and also an increase in multi-photon emission probability. We show that standard measurements of g((2)) provide limited information about this multi-photon probability, and that more information can be gained by simultaneously measuring g((3)). Experimental results are compared with a simple theoretical model to show that the observed antibunchings are consistent with an incoherent addition of two sources: 1) an ideal single-photon source that never emits multiple photons and 2) a background cavity emission having Poissonian photon number statistics. Spectrally resolved cross-correlation measurements between quantum-dot and cavity modes show that photons from these two sources are largely uncorrelated, further supporting the model. We also analyze the Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometer implemented with two or three "click" detectors, and explore the conditions under which it can be used to accurately measure g((2))(tau) and g((3))(tau 1, tau 2). Work of the U. S. government, not subject to U. S. copyright C1 [Stevens, Martin J.; Glancy, Scott; Nam, Sae Woo; Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Stevens, MJ (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marty@boulder.nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 26 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 BP 3244 EP 3260 DI 10.1364/OE.22.003244 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA AC4VB UT WOS:000332518100109 PM 24663616 ER PT J AU Kim, YS Slattery, O Kuo, PS Tang, X AF Kim, Yong-Su Slattery, Oliver Kuo, Paulina S. Tang, Xiao TI Two-photon interference with continuous-wave multi-mode coherent light SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER; TIME; PHOTON AB We report two-photon interference with continuous-wave multi-mode coherent light. We show that the two-photon interference, in terms of the detection time difference, reveals two-photon beating fringes with the visibility V = 0.5. While scanning the optical delay of the interferometer, Hong-Ou-Mandel dips or peaks are measured depending on the chosen detection time difference. The HOM dips/peaks are repeated when the optical delay and the first-order coherence revival period of the multi-mode coherent light are the same. These results help to understand the nature of two-photon interference and also can be useful for quantum information science. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Kim, Yong-Su; Slattery, Oliver; Kuo, Paulina S.; Tang, Xiao] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Yong-Su] Korea Inst Sci & Technol KIST, Ctr Nano & Quantum Informat, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Tang, X (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yong-su.kim@kist.re.kr; xiao.tang@nist.gov FU IT R&D program of MSIP/KEIT [10044559] FX The authors thank Y.-W. Cho, Y.-S. Ra, H.-T. Lim, and Y.-H. Kim for useful discussions. YSK acknowledges the support from the IT R&D program of MSIP/KEIT. [10044559, Development of key technologies for quantum cryptography network] NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 BP 3611 EP 3620 DI 10.1364/OE.22.003611 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA AC4VB UT WOS:000332518100145 PM 24663652 ER PT J AU Mahmud, KW Jiang, L Tiesinga, E Johnson, PR AF Mahmud, K. W. Jiang, L. Tiesinga, E. Johnson, P. R. TI Bloch oscillations and quench dynamics of interacting bosons in an optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD GASES; QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; COLD ATOMS; TRANSPORT; FIELD AB We study the dynamics of interacting superfluid bosons in a one-dimensional vertical optical lattice after a sudden increase of the lattice potential depth. We show that this system can be exploited to investigate the effects of strong interactions on Bloch oscillations. We perform theoretical modeling of this system, identify experimental challenges, and explore a regime of Bloch oscillations characterized by interaction-induced matter-wave collapse and revivals which modify the Bloch oscillations dynamics. In addition, we study three dephasing mechanisms: finite value of tunneling, effective three-body interactions, and a background harmonic potential. We also find that the center-of-mass motion in the presence of finite tunneling goes through collapse and revivals, giving an example of quantum transport where interaction-induced revivals are important. We quantify the effects of residual harmonic trapping on the momentum distribution dynamics and show the occurrence of an interaction-modified temporal Talbot effect. Finally, we analyze the prospects and challenges of exploiting Bloch oscillations of cold atoms in the strongly interacting regime for precision measurement of the gravitational acceleration g. C1 [Mahmud, K. W.; Jiang, L.; Tiesinga, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mahmud, K. W.; Jiang, L.; Tiesinga, E.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johnson, P. R.] Amer Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP Mahmud, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU US Army Research Office [60661PH]; National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center FX We acknowledge support from the US Army Research Office under Contract No. 60661PH and the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center located at the Joint Quantum Institute. NR 53 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 023606 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.023606 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC0YT UT WOS:000332222100016 ER PT J AU Li, MD Mulholland, GW Zachariah, MR AF Li, Mingdong Mulholland, George W. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Understanding the mobility of nonspherical particles in the free molecular regime SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID SLIP CORRECTION MEASUREMENTS; COLLISION CROSS-SECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; POLYATOMIC IONS; SPHERES; SIZE; NANOPARTICLES; RANGE; DRAG AB An approach to obtain the mobility of nonspherical particles is proposed by averaging the drag force orientationally, and two other widely used approaches in the literature, the averaged-collision-integral and averaged-drift-velocity methods, are summarized and extended. The concept of orientationally averaged collision integrals based on Chapman-Enskog theory for small gas-phase ions is re-examined for macromolecular ions whose surface cannot be treated as specular, but with inelastic interactions. A well accepted collision model considering inelastic collisions is Epstein's theory, which has been extended to include long-range potential forces by Li and Wang [Phys. Rev. E 68, 061206 (2003)] for spherical particles. This work extends Li and Wang's spherical particle theory to convex nonspherical particles considering long-range potential, and simplifies this collision integral to a product of the averaged projection area and an enhancement factor for short-range interactions (hard collisions), which is independent of convex particle shape and is identical to the value for a sphere that people are using. We also show that the averaged projection area of a convex particle in free molecular regime for hard collisions is equal to its mobility diameter. The second approach is the averaged-drift-velocity approach using the friction coefficient in a tensor form, which is often employed in aerosol science. We extend this approach in our previous work for axisymmetric particles to develop an expression for the mobility of nonspherical particles in a general form. Furthermore, it is pointed out that this approach is only valid when the particle Brownian rotation is slow compared with the particle translational relaxation time. If the particle Brownian rotation is fast, usually so in the case of very small ions and particles, we propose an "averaged-drag-force" approach. The three approaches are then compared for a randomly oriented rod and the protein GroEL. We show that for a cylinder rod in the free molecular regime at random orientation, the averaged-drag-force approach is identical to the averaged-collision-integral approach for short-range interactions (hard collisions). We then summarize the relationship between collision-integral based approach and tensor based approaches. For readers only interested in implementation of the theory, we provide useful expressions in Tables I and II. C1 [Li, Mingdong] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, MD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014 OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156 NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022112 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.022112 PG 13 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AC0HX UT WOS:000332176500008 PM 25353427 ER PT J AU Miaja-Avila, L Verma, VB Coleman, JJ Mirin, RP Silverman, KL AF Miaja-Avila, L. Verma, V. B. Coleman, J. J. Mirin, R. P. Silverman, K. L. TI Ultrafast optical properties of lithographically defined quantum dot amplifiers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LASERS AB We measure the ultrafast optical response of lithographically defined quantum dot amplifiers at 40 K. Recovery of the gain mostly occurs in less than 1 picosecond, with some longer-term transients attributable to carrier heating. Recovery of the absorption proceeds on a much longer timescale, representative of relaxation between quantum dot levels and carrier recombination. We also measure transparency current-density in these devices. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Miaja-Avila, L.; Verma, V. B.; Mirin, R. P.; Silverman, K. L.] NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Coleman, J. J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Miaja-Avila, L (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Coleman, James/C-9703-2011; OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 6 AR 061106 DI 10.1063/1.4865238 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AB5BL UT WOS:000331803800006 ER PT J AU Zabel, RW Burke, BJ Moser, ML Caudill, CC AF Zabel, Richard W. Burke, Brian J. Moser, Mary L. Caudill, Christopher C. TI Modeling temporal phenomena in variable environments with parametric models: An application to migrating salmon SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Hazard rate; Time-to-event analysis; Survival analysis; Chinook salmon; Steelhead ID DAM PASSAGE; SURVIVAL; TIME; COLUMBIA AB Timing phenomena are integral to many ecological processes but are difficult to analyze due to the unique nature of timing data and because environmental conditions and behavior can vary during the observation period. We demonstrated methods, based on parametric hazard-rate modeling, to analyze "time-to-event" data under time-varying conditions. We developed routines in R to apply parametric models, based on the exponential, Weibull, and modified Weibull distributions, to time-to-event data. We applied the models to data on the time for migrating adult salmonids to successfully pass a hydroelectric dam. The model captured pronounced diel behavior and the effects of time-varying covariates river flow, spill, and water temperature on passage times. The methods we demonstrated have potential application to a broad range of ecological questions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zabel, Richard W.; Burke, Brian J.; Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Caudill, Christopher C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rich.zabel@noaa.gov RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 FU Army Corps of Engineers Walla Walla District; Army Corps of Engineers Portland District FX We thank the dozens of researchers from the University of Idaho and the NOAA Fisheries Service who tagged hundreds of fish, operated field equipment and downloaded and filtered data to make this analysis possible. John Williams, Jim Faulkner, and several anonymous reviewers provided valuable feedback to previous version of this paper. Funding for the field research was provided by the Army Corps of Engineers Walla Walla and Portland Districts. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 273 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.020 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB3EJ UT WOS:000331673800003 ER PT J AU Langseth, BJ Jones, ML Riley, SC AF Langseth, Brian J. Jones, Michael L. Riley, Stephen C. TI The effect of adjusting model inputs to achieve mass balance on time-dynamic simulations in a food-web model of Lake Huron SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ecopath; Ecosim; Mass balance; Vulnerabilities; Great Lakes ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ECOSYSTEM MODELS; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; FISH COMMUNITY; ECOPATH; ECOSIM; PREDICTIONS; SENSITIVITY; EXPLORATION; STRATEGIES AB Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) is a widely used modeling tool in fishery research and management. Ecopath requires a mass-balanced snapshot of a food web at a particular point in time, which Ecosim then uses to simulate changes in biomass over time. Initial inputs to Ecopath, including estimates for biomasses, production to biomass ratios, consumption to biomass ratios, and diets, rarely produce mass balance, and thus ad hoc changes to inputs are required to balance the model. There has been little previous research of whether ad hoc changes to achieve mass balance affect Ecosim simulations. We constructed an EwE model for the offshore community of Lake Huron, and balanced the model using four contrasting but realistic methods. The four balancing methods were based on two contrasting approaches; in the first approach, production of unbalanced groups was increased by increasing either biomass or the production to biomass ratio, while in the second approach, consumption of predators on unbalanced groups was decreased by decreasing either biomass or the consumption to biomass ratio. We compared six simulation scenarios based on three alternative assumptions about the extent to which mortality rates of prey can change in response to changes in predator biomass (i.e., vulnerabilities) under perturbations to either fishing mortality or environmental production. Changes in simulated biomass values over time were used in a principal components analysis to assess the comparative effect of balancing method, vulnerabilities, and perturbation types. Vulnerabilities explained the most variation in biomass, followed by the type of perturbation. Choice of balancing method explained little of the overall variation in biomass. Under scenarios where changes in predator biomass caused large changes in mortality rates of prey (i.e., high vulnerabilities), variation in biomass was greater than when changes in predator biomass caused only small changes in mortality rates of prey (i.e., low vulnerabilities), and was amplified when environmental production was increased. When standardized to mean changes in biomass within each scenario, scenarios when vulnerabilities were low and when fishing mortality was increased explained the most variation in biomass. Our findings suggested that approaches to balancing Ecopath models have relatively little effect on changes in biomass over time, especially when compared to assumptions about how mortality rates of prey change in response to changes in predator biomass. We concluded that when constructing food-web models using EwE, determining the effect of changes in predator biomass on mortality rates of prey should be prioritized over determining the best way to balance the model. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Langseth, Brian J.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Riley, Stephen C.] US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Langseth, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM brian.langseth@noaa.gov; jonesm30@anr.msu.edu; sriley@usgs.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX This research was made possible by a grant from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission to MLJ, and with the assistance of the Government of Canada for BJL, to travel to the University of British Columbia (UBC). We would also like to thank members of the Fisheries Centre at UBC for help in understanding the modeling software, members of the Lake Huron Technical Committee for providing data and assistance during model construction, and participants at stakeholder meetings and members of the Quantitative Fisheries Center (QFC) at Michigan State University for assistance in model construction. We also wish to thank Iyob Tsehaye, David Bunnell, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier drafts of the manuscripts. This is QFC publication number 2013-13 and contribution number 1804 of the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD FEB 10 PY 2014 VL 273 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.027 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AB3EJ UT WOS:000331673800005 ER PT J AU Lowman, DW Greene, RR Bearden, DW Kruppa, MD Pottier, M Monteiro, MA Soldatov, DV Ensley, HE Cheng, SC Netea, MG Williams, DL AF Lowman, Douglas W. Greene, Rachel R. Bearden, Daniel W. Kruppa, Michael D. Pottier, Max Monteiro, Mario A. Soldatov, Dmitriy V. Ensley, Harry E. Cheng, Shih-Chin Netea, Mihai G. Williams, David L. TI Novel Structural Features in Candida albicans Hyphal Glucan Provide a Basis for Differential Innate Immune Recognition of Hyphae Versus Yeast SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Candida albicans; Carbohydrate Structure; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immunology; NMR; Glucan; Hyphae; Immune Function ID SYNTHESIZED IN-VITRO; FUNGAL BETA-GLUCANS; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; NMR-SPECTROSCOPY; X-RAY; SENSITIVITY IMPROVEMENT; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; PACKING ANALYSIS; DECTIN-1; (1->3)-BETA-D-GLUCAN AB Background: The human innate immune system can discriminate between Candida albicans yeast and hyphal forms. Results:C. albicans hyphae possess glucan structures that are unique to the hyphae and are not found in yeast. Conclusion: Hyphal glucan elicits robust immune responses. Significance: These data provide a structural basis for differential immune recognition of C. albicans yeast versus hyphae. The innate immune system differentially recognizes Candida albicans yeast and hyphae. It is not clear how the innate immune system effectively discriminates between yeast and hyphal forms of C. albicans. Glucans are major components of the fungal cell wall and key fungal pathogen-associated molecular patterns. C. albicans yeast glucan has been characterized; however, little is known about glucan structure in C. albicans hyphae. Using an extraction procedure that minimizes degradation of the native structure, we extracted glucans from C. albicans hyphal cell walls. H-1 NMR data analysis revealed that, when compared with reference (13,16) -linked glucans and C. albicans yeast glucan, hyphal glucan has a unique cyclical or closed chain structure that is not found in yeast glucan. GC/MS analyses showed a high abundance of 3- and 6-linked glucose units when compared with yeast -glucan. In addition to the expected (13), (16), and 3,6 linkages, we also identified a 2,3 linkage that has not been reported previously in C. albicans. Hyphal glucan induced robust immune responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophages via a Dectin-1-dependent mechanism. In contrast, C. albicans yeast glucan was a much less potent stimulus. We also demonstrated the capacity of C. albicans hyphal glucan, but not yeast glucan, to induce IL-1 processing and secretion. This finding provides important evidence for understanding the immune discrimination between colonization and invasion at the mucosal level. When taken together, these data provide a structural basis for differential innate immune recognition of C. albicans yeast versus hyphae. C1 [Lowman, Douglas W.; Greene, Rachel R.; Ensley, Harry E.; Williams, David L.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Surg, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Kruppa, Michael D.] E Tennessee State Univ, Quillen Coll Med, Dept Biomed Sci, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Greene, Rachel R.] E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Chem, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. [Lowman, Douglas W.] AppRidge Int LLC, Telford, TN 37690 USA. [Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Pottier, Max; Monteiro, Mario A.; Soldatov, Dmitriy V.] Univ Guelph, Dept Chem, Guelph, ON NIG 2W1, Canada. [Cheng, Shih-Chin; Netea, Mihai G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Dept Internal Med, NL-6525 GA Nijmeger, Netherlands. [Cheng, Shih-Chin; Netea, Mihai G.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen Inst Infect Inflammat & Immun, NL-6525 GA Nijmeger, Netherlands. RP Williams, DL (reprint author), E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Surg, Campus Box 70575, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. EM williamd@etsu.edu RI Kruppa, Michael/B-6052-2009; Netea, Mihai/N-5155-2014; Cheng, Shih-Chin/H-4567-2015 OI Kruppa, Michael/0000-0002-1747-2333; Cheng, Shih-Chin/0000-0003-1251-8774 FU National Institutes of Health [NIHGM53522]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); CFI/MRI; Vici grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research FX This work was supported, in whole or in part, by National Institutes of Health Grant NIHGM53522 (to D. L. W.). This was also supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council (NSERC; to M. A. M.) and a CFI/MRI grant for x-ray diffractometer (to D. S.). D. W. L. is an employee of AppRidge International; however, no funds were provided by AppRidge for this research, nor does D. W. L. have any competing interests or conflicts of interest related to this research.; Supported by a Vici grant of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (to M. G. N.). NR 71 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD FEB 7 PY 2014 VL 289 IS 6 BP 3432 EP 3443 DI 10.1074/jbc.M113.529131 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AA8TU UT WOS:000331368700028 PM 24344127 ER PT J AU Schmid, S Bagci, T Zeuthen, E Taylor, JM Herring, PK Cassidy, MC Marcus, CM Villanueva, LG Amato, B Boisen, A Shin, YC Kong, J Sorensen, AS Usami, K Polzik, ES AF Schmid, Silvan Bagci, Tolga Zeuthen, Emil Taylor, Jacob M. Herring, Patrick K. Cassidy, Maja C. Marcus, Charles M. Villanueva, Luis Guillermo Amato, Bartolo Boisen, Anja Shin, Yong Cheol Kong, Jing Sorensen, Anders S. Usami, Koji Polzik, Eugene S. TI Single-layer graphene on silicon nitride micromembrane resonators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CAVITY AB Due to their low mass, high quality factor, and good optical properties, silicon nitride (SiN) micromembrane resonators are widely used in force and mass sensing applications, particularly in optomechanics. The metallization of such membranes would enable an electronic integration with the prospect for exciting new devices, such as optoelectromechanical transducers. Here, we add a single-layer graphene on SiN micromembranes and compare electromechanical coupling and mechanical properties to bare dielectric membranes and to membranes metallized with an aluminium layer. The electrostatic coupling of graphene covered membranes is found to be equal to a perfectly conductive membrane, without significantly adding mass, decreasing the superior mechanical quality factor or affecting the optical properties of pure SiN micromembranes. The concept of graphene-SiN resonators allows a broad range of new experiments both in applied physics and fundamental basic research, e. g., for the mechanical, electrical, or optical characterization of graphene. (c) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Schmid, Silvan; Villanueva, Luis Guillermo; Amato, Bartolo; Boisen, Anja] Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Micro & Nanotechnol, DTU Nanotech, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Bagci, Tolga; Zeuthen, Emil; Sorensen, Anders S.; Usami, Koji; Polzik, Eugene S.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, QUANTOP, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Taylor, Jacob M.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20899 USA. [Herring, Patrick K.; Cassidy, Maja C.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Marcus, Charles M.] Univ Copenhagen, Niels Bohr Inst, Ctr Quantum Devices, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Shin, Yong Cheol; Kong, Jing] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Schmid, S (reprint author), Tech Univ Denmark, Dept Micro & Nanotechnol, DTU Nanotech, Bldg 345 East, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RI Marcus, Charles/M-4526-2014; Sorensen, Anders/L-1868-2013; Taylor, Jacob/B-7826-2011; Villanueva, Luis Guillermo/C-4904-2009; Boisen, Anja/F-9442-2011; Schmid, Silvan/E-5822-2010 OI Marcus, Charles/0000-0003-2420-4692; Sorensen, Anders/0000-0003-1337-9163; Taylor, Jacob/0000-0003-0493-5594; Villanueva, Luis Guillermo/0000-0003-3340-2930; Boisen, Anja/0000-0002-9918-6567; Schmid, Silvan/0000-0003-3778-7137 FU DARPA program QUASAR; EU projects QESSENCE and NANODEVICE; ERC projects INTERFACE and QIOS [306576]; Villum Kann Rasmussen Centre of Excellence "NAMEC" [65286] FX We acknowledge funding from the DARPA program QUASAR, the EU projects QESSENCE and NANODEVICE, the ERC projects INTERFACE and QIOS (Grant Agreement No. 306576), and the Villum Kann Rasmussen Centre of Excellence "NAMEC" under Contract No. 65286. We would like to thank Louise Jorgensen for cleanroom support and Martin Benjamin B. S. Larsen for support with the Raman measurements. Certain commercial equipment, instruments or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 48 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD FEB 7 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 5 AR 054513 DI 10.1063/1.4862296 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AB2TV UT WOS:000331645900098 ER PT J AU Jefferts, SR Heavner, TP Parker, TE Shirley, JH Donley, EA Ashby, N Levi, F Calonico, D Costanzo, GA AF Jefferts, S. R. Heavner, T. P. Parker, T. E. Shirley, J. H. Donley, E. A. Ashby, N. Levi, F. Calonico, D. Costanzo, G. A. TI High-Accuracy Measurement of the Blackbody Radiation Frequency Shift of the Ground-State Hyperfine Transition in Cs-133 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC FOUNTAIN; NIST-F1 AB We report a high-accuracy direct measurement of the blackbody radiation shift of the Cs-133 ground-state hyperfine transition. This frequency shift is one of the largest systematic frequency biases encountered in realizing the current definition of the International System of Units (SI) second. Uncertainty in the blackbody radiation frequency shift correction has led to its being the focus of intense theoretical effort by a variety of research groups. Our experimental measurement of the shift used three primary frequency standards operating at different temperatures. We achieved an uncertainty a factor of five smaller than the previous best direct measurement. These results tend to validate the claimed accuracy of the recently calculated values. C1 [Jefferts, S. R.; Heavner, T. P.; Parker, T. E.; Shirley, J. H.; Donley, E. A.; Ashby, N.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levi, F.; Calonico, D.] INRIM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Costanzo, G. A.] Politecn Torino, I-10129 Turin, Italy. RP Jefferts, SR (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway Div 688, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 7 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 5 AR 050801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.050801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB7DX UT WOS:000331950600001 PM 24580583 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Villarini, G AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Villarini, Gabriele TI Next Season's Hurricanes SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MODEL; TRACKS C1 [Vecchi, Gabriel A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Villarini, Gabriele] Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52246 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM gabriel.a.vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Villarini, Gabriele/F-8069-2016 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Villarini, Gabriele/0000-0001-9566-2370 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 7 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6171 BP 618 EP 619 DI 10.1126/science.1247759 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 304CP UT WOS:000330724000029 PM 24503842 ER PT J AU Bloom, BJ Nicholson, TL Williams, JR Campbell, SL Bishof, M Zhang, X Zhang, W Bromley, SL Ye, J AF Bloom, B. J. Nicholson, T. L. Williams, J. R. Campbell, S. L. Bishof, M. Zhang, X. Zhang, W. Bromley, S. L. Ye, J. TI An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10(-18) level SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; FREQUENCY; METROLOGY; CAVITY; SHIFT AB Progress in atomic, optical and quantum science(1,2) has led to rapid improvements in atomic clocks. At the same time, atomic clock research has helped to advance the frontiers of science, affecting both fundamental and applied research. The ability to control quantum states of individual atoms and photons is central to quantum information science and precision measurement, and optical clocks based on single ions have achieved the lowest systematic uncertainty of any frequency standard(3-5). Although many-atom lattice clocks have shown advantages in measurement precision over trapped-ion clocks(6,7), their accuracy has remained 16 times worse(8-10). Here we demonstrate a many-atom system that achieves an accuracy of 6.4x10(-18), which is not only better than a single-ion-based clock, but also reduces the required measurement time by two orders of magnitude. By systematically evaluating all known sources of uncertainty, including in situ monitoring of the blackbody radiation environment, we improve the accuracy of optical lattice clocks by a factor of 22. This single clock has simultaneously achieved the best known performance in the key characteristics necessary for consideration as a primary standard-stability and accuracy. More stable and accurate atomic clocks will benefit a wide range of fields, such as the realization and distribution of SI units(11), the search for time variation of fundamental constants(12), clock-based geodesy(13) and other precision tests of the fundamental laws of nature. This work also connects to the development of quantum sensors and many-body quantum state engineering(14) (such as spin squeezing) to advance measurement precision beyond the standard quantum limit. C1 [Bloom, B. J.; Nicholson, T. L.; Williams, J. R.; Campbell, S. L.; Bishof, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, W.; Bromley, S. L.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bloom, B. J.; Nicholson, T. L.; Williams, J. R.; Campbell, S. L.; Bishof, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, W.; Bromley, S. L.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bloom, B. J.; Nicholson, T. L.; Williams, J. R.; Campbell, S. L.; Bishof, M.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, W.; Bromley, S. L.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; wei, zhang/G-4708-2012; OI wei, zhang/0000-0003-2065-2535; Nicholson, Travis/0000-0002-0503-7991 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's QuASAR Program; NSF PFC; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship programme; NSF FX We thank M. Martin, M. Swallows, E. Arimondo, J. L. Hall, T. Pfau, and W. D. Phillips for discussions and H. Green for technical assistance. This research is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's QuASAR Program, and the NSF PFC. M.B. acknowledges support from the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate fellowship programme. S.L.C. and M.B. acknowledge support from the NSF Graduate Fellowship. Any mention of commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by NIST. NR 38 TC 329 Z9 342 U1 14 U2 142 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 6 PY 2014 VL 506 IS 7486 BP 71 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12941 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 303BA UT WOS:000330648100033 PM 24463513 ER PT J AU Gatti, LV Gloor, M Miller, JB Doughty, CE Malhi, Y Domingues, LG Basso, LS Martinewski, A Correia, CSC Borges, VF Freitas, S Braz, R Anderson, LO Rocha, H Grace, J Phillips, OL Lloyd, J AF Gatti, L. V. Gloor, M. Miller, J. B. Doughty, C. E. Malhi, Y. Domingues, L. G. Basso, L. S. Martinewski, A. Correia, C. S. C. Borges, V. F. Freitas, S. Braz, R. Anderson, L. O. Rocha, H. Grace, J. Phillips, O. L. Lloyd, J. TI Drought sensitivity of Amazonian carbon balance revealed by atmospheric measurements SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL PROFILES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CO2; FORESTS; FLUXES; MODEL; CYCLE; EMISSIONS; DIOXIDE; TRENDS AB Feedbacks between land carbon pools and climate provide one of the largest sources of uncertainty in our predictions of global climate(1,2). Estimates of the sensitivity of the terrestrial carbon budget to climate anomalies in the tropics and the identification of the mechanisms responsible for feedback effects remain uncertain(3,4). The Amazon basin stores a vast amount of carbon(5), and has experienced increasingly higher temperatures and more frequent floods and droughts over the past two decades(6). Here we report seasonal and annual carbon balances across the Amazon basin, based on carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide measurements for the anomalously dry and wet years 2010 and 2011, respectively. We find that the Amazon basin lost 0.48 +/- 0.18 petagrams of carbon per year (Pg C yr(-1)) during the dry year but was carbon neutral (0.06 +/- 0.1 Pg C yr(-1)) during the wet year. Taking into account carbon losses from fire by using carbon monoxide measurements, we derived the basin net biome exchange (that is, the carbon flux between the non-burned forest and the atmosphere) revealing that during the dry year, vegetation was carbon neutral. During the wet year, vegetation was a net carbon sink of 0.25 +/- 0.14 Pg C yr(-1), which is roughly consistent with the mean long-term intact-forest biomass sink of 0.39 +/- 0.10 Pg C yr(-1) previously estimated from forest censuses(7). Observations from Amazonian forest plots suggest the suppression of photosynthesis during drought as the primary cause for the 2010 sink neutralization. Overall, our results suggest that moisture has an important role in determining the Amazonian carbon balance. If the recent trend of increasing precipitation extremes persists(6), the Amazon may become an increasing carbon source as a result of both emissions from fires and the suppression of net biome exchange by drought. C1 [Gatti, L. V.; Domingues, L. G.; Basso, L. S.; Martinewski, A.; Correia, C. S. C.; Borges, V. F.] CNEN, IPEN, Atmospher Chem Lab, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Gloor, M.; Phillips, O. L.] Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds LS9 2JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Miller, J. B.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Doughty, C. E.; Malhi, Y.; Anderson, L. O.] Univ Oxford, Sch Geog & Environm, Environm Change Inst, Oxford OX1 3QY, England. [Freitas, S.; Braz, R.] INPE, Ctr Weather Forecasts & Climate Studies, BR-12630000 Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil. [Anderson, L. O.] INPE, Remote Sensing Div, BR-12227010 Sao Jose Dos Campos, Brazil. [Rocha, H.] Univ Sao Paulo, IAG, Dept Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Lloyd, J.] James Cook Univ, Sch Trop & Marine Biol, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Lloyd, J.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Terr Environm & Sustainabil Sci, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia. [Lloyd, J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. RP Gatti, LV (reprint author), CNEN, IPEN, Atmospher Chem Lab, 2242 Ave Prof Lineu Prestes,Cidade Univ, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM lvgatti@gmail.com; eugloor@gmail.com; john.b.miller@noaa.gov RI Anderson, Liana/G-8389-2012; Lloyd, Jonathan/F-8893-2010; Phillips, Oliver/A-1523-2011; Gatti, Luciana/J-8569-2012; Basso, Luana/E-3290-2014; James Cook University, TESS/B-8171-2012; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Borges, Viviane/A-8613-2016; Domingues, Lucas/E-4730-2015 OI Doughty, Christopher/0000-0003-3985-7960; Anderson, Liana/0000-0001-9545-5136; Lloyd, Jonathan/0000-0002-5458-9960; Phillips, Oliver/0000-0002-8993-6168; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; Domingues, Lucas/0000-0003-4868-917X FU UK Environmental Research Council (NERC) via the consortium grant 'AMAZONICA' NERC [NE/F005806/1]; State of Sao Paulo Science Foundation (FAPESP) [08/58120-3]; EU [283080]; NERC; Moore Foundation; CNPq; CAPES; Fapesp; IPEN; ERC FX We thank P. Tans and P. Bakwin, who had the foresight to initiate a long-term high-precision greenhouse gas measurement laboratory in Sao Paulo, and D. Wickland, the NASA programme manager who initially supported this effort. This work has been financed primarily by the UK Environmental Research Council (NERC) via the consortium grant 'AMAZONICA' NERC (NE/F005806/1) and also by the State of Sao Paulo Science Foundation (FAPESP) via the 'Carbon Tracker' project (08/58120-3), and the EU via the 7th grant framework GEOCARBON project (grant number agreement 283080). NASA, NOAA and IPEN made large contributions to the construction and maintenance of the GHG laboratory in Brazil. Intensive plot measurements were supported by NERC and the Moore Foundation via grants given to RAINFOR. L.G.D., L.S.B., C.S.S.C., V.F.B. and A.M. were supported by CNPq, CAPES, Fapesp and IPEN, and O.L.P. by an ERC Advanced Grant. We thank measurement analysts and scientists at NOAA for providing data, and the pilots who collected the air samples. Numerous people at NOAA, especially A. Crotwell, D. Guenther, C. Sweeney and K. Thoning, provided advice and technical support for air sampling and measurements in Brazil. E. Dlugokencky provided data from Ascension Island and Ragged Point in Barbados. We also thank D. Galbraith for help with the comprehensive forest census plot data and R. Brienen for comments. Finally, we acknowledge S. Denning for reviews of the manuscript. NR 47 TC 109 Z9 110 U1 18 U2 202 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 6 PY 2014 VL 506 IS 7486 BP 76 EP + DI 10.1038/nature12957 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 303BA UT WOS:000330648100034 PM 24499918 ER PT J AU Porsev, SG Safronova, MS Derevianko, A Clark, CW AF Porsev, S. G. Safronova, M. S. Derevianko, A. Clark, Charles W. TI Relativistic many-body calculations of van der Waals coefficients for Yb-Li and Yb-Rb dimers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL ATOMS; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; POLAR-MOLECULES; POLARIZABILITIES; BARIUM; HE AB We derive the relativistic formulas for the van der Waals coefficients of Yb-alkali-metal dimers that correlate to ground and excited separated-atom limits. We calculate C-6 and C-8 coefficients of particular experimental interest. We also derive a semiempirical formula that expresses the C-8 coefficient of heteronuclear A + B dimers in terms of the C-6 and C-8 coefficients of homonuclear dimers and the static dipole and quadrupole polarizabilities of the atomic states A and B. We report results of calculation of the C-6 coefficients for the Yb-Rb P-3(1)0 + 5s S-2(1/2) and S-1(0) + (5)p P-2(1/2)0 dimers, and the C-8 coefficients for the Yb-Li S-1(0) + 2s S-2(1/2) and Yb-Rb S-1(0) + 5s S-2(1/2) dimers. Uncertainties are estimated for all predicted properties. C1 [Porsev, S. G.; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Derevianko, A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Porsev, SG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY0822671]; Office of Naval Research; US NSF [PHY1212442, PHY-1212482] FX We thank P. Julienne and T. Porto for helpful discussions. This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY0822671 and by the Office of Naval Research. The work of S. G. P. was supported in part by US NSF Grant No. PHY1212442. The work of A. D. was supported in part by the US NSF Grant No. PHY-1212482. NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 6 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.022703 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC0YH UT WOS:000332220900004 ER PT J AU Lee, SW Bak, SM Lee, CW Jaye, C Fischer, DA Kim, BK Yang, XQ Nam, KW Kim, KB AF Lee, Suk-Woo Bak, Seong-Min Lee, Chang-Wook Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Kim, Bae-Kyun Yang, Xiao-Qing Nam, Kyung-Wan Kim, Kwang-Bum TI Structural Changes in Reduced Graphene Oxide upon MnO2 Deposition by the Redox Reaction between Carbon and Permanganate Ions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID MANGANESE OXIDE; ELECTRODE MATERIALS; ENERGY-STORAGE; ELECTROCHEMICAL CAPACITORS; CAVITY MICROELECTRODE; COMPOSITE ELECTRODE; ACETYLENE BLACK; GRAPHITE OXIDE; NANOTUBES; PERFORMANCE AB We explore structural changes of the carbon in MnO2/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid materials prepared by the direct redox reaction between carbon and permanganate ions (MnO4-) to reach better understanding for the effects of carbon corrosion on carbon loss and its bonding nature during the hybrid material synthesis. In particular, we carried out near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at the C K-edge (284.2 eV) to show the changes in the electronic structure of RGO. Significantly, the redox reaction between carbon and MnO4- causes both quantitative carbon loss and electronic structural changes upon MnO2 deposition. Such disruptions of carbon bonding have a detrimental effect on the initial electrical properties of the RGO and thus lead to a significant decrease in electrical conductivity. Electrochemical measurements of the MnO2/reduced graphene oxide hybrid materials using a cavity microelectrode revealed unfavorable electrochemical properties that were mainly due to the poor electrical conductivity of the hybrid materials. The results of this study should serve as a useful guide to rationally approaching the syntheses of metal/RGO and metal oxide/RGO hybrid materials. C1 [Lee, Suk-Woo; Bak, Seong-Min; Lee, Chang-Wook; Kim, Kwang-Bum] Yonsei Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Bak, Seong-Min; Yang, Xiao-Qing; Nam, Kyung-Wan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Bae-Kyun] Samsung Electromech Co Ltd, Cent R&D Inst, Suwon 443743, Gyunggi Do, South Korea. RP Nam, KW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM knam@bnl.gov; kbkim@yonsei.ac.kr RI Nam, Kyung-Wan/B-9029-2013; Nam, Kyung-Wan/E-9063-2015; Bak, Seong Min/J-4597-2013 OI Bak, Seong-Min/0000-0002-1626-5949; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; Nam, Kyung-Wan/0000-0001-6278-6369; FU Energy Efficiency & Resources portion of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP); Korea government from the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea [20122010100140]; Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work was supported by the Energy Efficiency & Resources portion of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) grant funded by the Korea government from the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea (no. 20122010100140). The work done at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Certain commercial names are presented in this Article for the purposes of illustration and do not constitute an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 68 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD FEB 6 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 5 BP 2834 EP 2843 DI 10.1021/jp411176b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AA5QC UT WOS:000331153700068 ER PT J AU Kim, D Tzeng, P Barnett, KJ Yang, YH Wilhite, BA Grunlan, JC AF Kim, Daejin Tzeng, Ping Barnett, Kevin J. Yang, You-Hao Wilhite, Benjamin A. Grunlan, Jaime C. TI Highly Size-Selective Ionically Crosslinked Multilayer Polymer Films for Light Gas Separation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MIXED-MATRIX MEMBRANES; INTRINSIC MICROPOROSITY; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANES; WEAK POLYELECTROLYTE; HYDROGEN SEPARATION; POLYIMIDE MEMBRANES; PERFORMANCE; PERMEABILITY; TRANSPORT AB Exceptionally high hydrogen permselectivity, exceeding that of any polymeric or porous inorganic systems, is achieved using an ionically crosslinked multilayer polymer thin film. C1 [Kim, Daejin; Tzeng, Ping; Barnett, Kevin J.; Wilhite, Benjamin A.] Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Mech Engn, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Yang, You-Hao] NIST, Fire Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wilhite, BA (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Artie McFerrin Dept Chem Engn, 3122 TAMU, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM benjaminwilhite@mail.che.tamu.edu; jgrunlan@tamu.edu FU Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas AM University FX The authors would like to thank the Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering at Texas A&M University for financial support of this work. NR 70 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 22 U2 98 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB 5 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 5 BP 746 EP 751 DI 10.1002/adma.201302177 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AH3RT UT WOS:000336043500011 PM 24293271 ER PT J AU Bohn, JL Jin, DS AF Bohn, John L. Jin, Deborah S. TI Differential scattering and rethermalization in ultracold dipolar gases SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID THRESHOLD AB Analytic expressions for the differential cross sections of ultracold atoms and molecules that scatter primarily due to dipolar interactions are derived within the first-order Born approximation and are shown to agree with the partial wave expansion. These cross sections are applied to the problem of cross-dimensional rethermalization. Strikingly, the rate of rethermalization can vary by as much as a factor of 2, depending on the orientation of the dipoles. Thus the anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction can have a significant effect even on the behavior of a nondegenerate ultracold gas. C1 [Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bohn, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bohn@murphy.colorado.edu FU JILA NSF Physics Frontier Center [1125844] FX This work was supported by the JILA NSF Physics Frontier Center, Grant No. 1125844. NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 5 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 022702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.022702 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC0XY UT WOS:000332220000007 ER PT J AU Sinclair, LC Giorgetta, FR Swann, WC Baumann, E Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Sinclair, L. C. Giorgetta, F. R. Swann, W. C. Baumann, E. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. TI Optical phase noise from atmospheric fluctuations and its impact on optical time-frequency transfer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID 2-WAY TIME; TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE; ANALYTIC SOLUTION; FIBER NETWORK; WAVE-FRONT; FREE-SPACE; LINK; PROPAGATION; RECIPROCITY; SPECTRA AB The time of flight for a laser beam through the atmosphere will fluctuate as the path-averaged index of refraction varies with atmospheric turbulence, air temperature, and pressure. We measure these fluctuations by transmitting optical pulses from a frequency comb across a 2-km horizontal path and detecting variations in their time of flight through linear optical sampling. This technique is capable of continuous measurements, with femtosecond resolution, over time scales of many hours despite turbulence-induced signal fading. The power spectral density for the time of flight, or equivalently for the optical phase, follows a simple power-law response of proportional to f(-2.3) measured down to Fourier frequencies, f, of 100 mu Hz. There is no evidence of a roll-off at low frequencies associated with an outer scale for turbulence. Both of these results depart from the predictions of turbulence theory, but are consistent with some other results in the literature. We discuss the implications for the stability and accuracy of one-way optical time-frequency transfer. C1 [Sinclair, L. C.; Giorgetta, F. R.; Swann, W. C.; Baumann, E.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sinclair, LC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.sinclair@nist.gov RI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/O-1730-2014; Baumann, Esther/P-1315-2015 OI Giorgetta, Fabrizio/0000-0003-2066-3912; Baumann, Esther/0000-0002-6569-2090 FU DARPA PULSE program; DARPA QuASAR program FX We acknowledge funding from the DARPA PULSE and QuASAR programs and helpful comments from J. D. Deschenes, R. Hui, and E. Williams. Work of the US government, not subject to copyright. NR 57 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 9 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 5 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 023805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.023805 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC0XY UT WOS:000332220000012 ER PT J AU Fu, DJ Chen, BZ Zhang, HF Wang, J Black, TA Amiro, BD Bohrer, G Bolstad, P Coulter, R Rahman, AF Dunn, A McCaughey, JH Meyers, T Verma, S AF Fu, Dongjie Chen, Baozhang Zhang, Huifang Wang, Juan Black, T. Andy Amiro, Brian D. Bohrer, Gil Bolstad, Paul Coulter, Richard Rahman, Abdullah F. Dunn, Allison McCaughey, J. Harry Meyers, Tilden Verma, Shashi TI Estimating landscape net ecosystem exchange at high spatial-temporal resolution based on Landsat data, an improved upscaling model framework, and eddy covariance flux measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Net ecosystem exchange; Eddy-covariance; Regression tree; Image fusion; Footprint climatology; Upscaling ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DIFFERENCE WATER INDEX; CLOUD-COVER ASSESSMENT; LEAF-AREA INDEX; IMAGE FUSION; VEGETATION INDEXES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE AB More accurate estimation of the carbon dioxide flux depends on the improved scientific understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Remote-sensing-based approaches to continental-scale estimation of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) have been developed but coarse spatial resolution is a source of errors. Here we demonstrate a satellite-based method of estimating NEE using Landsat TM/ETM + data and an upscaling framework. The upscaling framework contains flux-footprint climatology modeling, modified regression tree (MRT) analysis and image fusion. By scaling NEE measured at flux towers to landscape and regional scales, this satellite-based method can improve NEE estimation at high spatial-temporal resolution at the landscape scale relative to methods based on MODIS data with coarser spatial-temporal resolution. This method was applied to sixteen flux sites from the Canadian Carbon Program and AmeriFlux networks located in North America, covering forest, grass, and cropland biomes. Compared to a similar method using MODIS data, our estimation is more effective for diagnosing landscape NEE with the same temporal resolution and higher spatial resolution (30 m versus 1 km) (r(2) = 0.7548 vs. 0.5868, RMSE = 1.3979 vs. 1.7497 g C m-(2) day(-1), average error = 0.8950 vs. 1.0178 g C m(-2) day(-1), relative error = 0.47 vs. 0.54 for fused Landsat and MODIS imagery, respectively). We also compared the regional NEE estimations using Carbon Tracker, our method and eddy-covariance observations. This study demonstrates that the data-driven satellite-based NEE diagnosed model can be used to upscale eddy-flux observations to landscape scales with high spatial-temporal resolutions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Fu, Dongjie; Chen, Baozhang; Zhang, Huifang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, LREIS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Fu, Dongjie; Chen, Baozhang; Zhang, Huifang] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Wang, Juan] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Geog & Resource Management, Shatin, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Black, T. Andy] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Amiro, Brian D.] Univ Manitoba, Dept Soil Sci, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. [Bohrer, Gil] Ohio State Univ, Dept Civil Environm & Geodet Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Bolstad, Paul] Univ Minnesota, Dept Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Coulter, Richard] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Climate Res Sect, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Rahman, Abdullah F.] Indiana Univ, Dept Geog, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Dunn, Allison] Worcester State Univ, Dept Phys & Earth Sci, Worcester, MA 01602 USA. [McCaughey, J. Harry] Queens Univ, Dept Geog, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. [Meyers, Tilden] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Verma, Shashi] Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. RP Chen, BZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, LREIS, 11A Datun Rd, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM baozhang.chen@igsnrr.ac.cn RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; OI Bohrer, Gil/0000-0002-9209-9540 FU Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB950704]; IGSNRR, CAS [2012ZD010]; National Science Foundation of China; Research Plan of LREIS, CAS [O88RA900KA]; "One Hundred Talents" program; Chinese Academy of Sciences; US Department of Energy [DE-SC0006708]; US National Science Foundation [DEB-0911461]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS); Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC); [41071059]; [41271116] FX This research is supported by a research grant (2010CB950704) under the Global Change Program of the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology, a research grant (2012ZD010) of Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS, the research grants (41071059 & 41271116) funded by the National Science Foundation of China, a Research Plan of LREIS (O88RA900KA), CAS, and "One Hundred Talents" program funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Flux data collection in the sites was funded by: US Department of Energy grants: DE-SC0006708; US National Science Foundation grants: DEB-0911461; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS) and Natural Science and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) though grants supporting Fluxnet Canada and the Canadian Carbon Program. We thank the USGS EROS data center for providing free Landsat data and the LP-DAAC and MODIS science team for providing free MODIS products. Additional contributions from the many researchers involved in data collection, as in the Fluxnet-Canada and AmeriFlux research network, and in-kind support from many government and private agencies for each study site are also gratefully acknowledged. NR 93 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 80 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD FEB 5 PY 2014 VL 141 BP 90 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.10.029 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AB3AB UT WOS:000331662600008 ER PT J AU McCaffrey, R Long, H Jin, YH Sanders, A Park, W Zhang, W AF McCaffrey, Ryan Long, Hai Jin, Yinghua Sanders, Aric Park, Wounjhang Zhang, Wei TI Template Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles with an Organic Molecular Cage SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DENDRIMER-ENCAPSULATED NANOPARTICLES; CATALYSIS; SIZE; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOCLUSTERS; SELECTIVITY; DIMENSIONS; CHEMISTRY; CLUSTERS; SILVER AB We report a novel strategy for the controlled synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with narrow size distribution (1.9 +/- 0.4 nm) through NP nucleation and growth inside the cavity of a well-defined three-dimensional, shape-persistent organic molecular cage. Our results show that both a well-defined cage structure and pendant thioether groups pointing inside the cavity are essential for the AuNP synthesis. C1 [McCaffrey, Ryan; Jin, Yinghua; Zhang, Wei] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Park, Wounjhang] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Long, Hai] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Sanders, Aric] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wei.zhang@colorado.edu RI Long, Hai/C-5838-2015 FU Army Research Office [W911NF-12-1-0581]; Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC36-08GO28308] FX The authors thank Army Research Office (W911NF-12-1-0581) for financial support, Dr. Tom Giddings and Suehyun Cho for TEM image analysis, and Dr. Richard Shoemaker for NMR analysis, and Dr. Matthew Cowan for TGA study. This research used capabilities of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory Computational Sciences Center, which is supported by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308. NR 49 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 9 U2 78 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD FEB 5 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1782 EP 1785 DI 10.1021/ja412606t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AB0PD UT WOS:000331493700026 PM 24432779 ER PT J AU Stewart, KR Dutton, PH AF Stewart, Kelly R. Dutton, Peter H. TI Breeding Sex Ratios in Adult Leatherback Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) May Compensate for Female-Biased Hatchling Sex Ratios SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INCUBATION TEMPERATURES; POPULATION; IMPACTS; RECONSTRUCTION; MARKERS AB For vertebrates with temperature-dependent sex determination, primary (or hatchling) sex ratios are often skewed, an issue of particular relevance to concerns over effects of climate change on populations. However, the ratio of breeding males to females, or the operational sex ratio (OSR), is important to understand because it has consequences for population demographics and determines the capacity of a species to persist. The OSR also affects mating behaviors and mate choice, depending on the more abundant sex. For sea turtles, hatchling and juvenile sex ratios are generally female-biased, and with warming nesting beach temperatures, there is concern that populations may become feminized. Our purpose was to evaluate the breeding sex ratio for leatherback turtles at a nesting beach in St. Croix, USVI. In 2010, we sampled nesting females and later sampled their hatchlings as they emerged from nests. Total genomic DNA was extracted and all individuals were genotyped using 6 polymorphic microsatellite markers. We genotyped 662 hatchlings from 58 females, matching 55 females conclusively to their nests. Of the 55, 42 females mated with one male each, 9 mated with 2 males each and 4 mated with at least 3 males each, for a multiple paternity rate of 23.6%. Using GERUD1.0, we reconstructed parental genotypes, identifying 47 different males and 46 females for an estimated breeding sex ratio of 1.02 males for every female. Thus we demonstrate that there are as many actively breeding males as females in this population. Concerns about female-biased adult sex ratios may be premature, and mate choice or competition may play more of a role in sea turtle reproduction than previously thought. We recommend monitoring breeding sex ratios in the future to allow the integration of this demographic parameter in population models. C1 [Stewart, Kelly R.; Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Stewart, Kelly R.] Ocean Fdn, Washington, DC USA. RP Stewart, KR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM Kelly.Stewart@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries; US Fish and Wildlife Service FX Funding sources: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries and The US Fish and Wildlife Service. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 7 U2 94 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR e88138 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0088138 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI6GY UT WOS:000336971300057 PM 24505403 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Tyner, KM Poling, CM Blacklock, JL AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Tyner, Katherine M. Poling, Christopher M. Blacklock, Jenifer L. TI Determination of Nanoparticle Surface Coatings and Nanoparticle Purity Using Microscale Thermogravimetric Analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; TEMPERATURE; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; DENSITY AB The use of nanoparticles in some applications (i.e., nanomedical, nanofiltration, or nanoelectronic) requires small samples with well-known purities and composition. In addition, when nanoparticles are introduced into complex environments (e.g., biological fluids), the particles may become coated with matter, such as proteins or lipid layers. Many of today's analytical techniques are not able to address small-scale samples of nanoparticles to determine purity and the presence of surface coatings. Through the use of an elevated-temperature quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) method we call microscale thermogravimetric analysis, or mu-TGA, the nanoparticle purity, as well as the presence of any surface coatings of nanomaterials, can be measured. Microscale thermogravimetric analysis is used to determine the presence and amount of surface-bound ligand coverage on gold nanoparticles and confirm the presence of a poly(ethylene glycol) coating on SiO2 nanoparticles. Results are compared to traditional analytical techniques to demonstrate reproducibility and validity of mu-TGA for determining the presence of nanoparticle surface coatings. Carbon nanotube samples are also analyzed and compared to conventional TGA. The results demonstrate mu-TGA is a valid method for quantitative determination of the coatings on nanoparticles, and in some cases, can provide purity and compositional data of the nanoparticles themselves. C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Poling, Christopher M.; Blacklock, Jenifer L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tyner, Katherine M.] US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Mansfield, E (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM elisabeth.mansfield@nist.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1478 EP 1484 DI 10.1021/ac402888v PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AA3TI UT WOS:000331014800026 PM 24400715 ER PT J AU Brewer, PJ Brown, RJC Miller, MN Minarro, MD Murugan, A Milton, MJT Rhoderick, GC AF Brewer, Paul J. Brown, Richard J. C. Miller, Michael N. Minarro, Marta Doval Murugan, Arul Milton, Martin J. T. Rhoderick, George C. TI Preparation and Validation of Fully Synthetic Standard Gas Mixtures with Atmospheric Isotopic Composition for Global CO2 and CH4 Monitoring SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HIGH-PRECISION; DRY AIR; UNCERTAINTY; CALIBRATION; METHANE AB We report the preparation and validation of the first fully synthetic gaseous reference standards of CO2 and CH4 in a whole air matrix with an isotopic distribution matching that is in the ambient atmosphere. The mixtures are accurately representative of the ambient atmosphere and were prepared gravimetrically. The isotopic distribution of the CO2 was matched to the abundance in the ambient atmosphere by blending C-12-enriched CO2 with C-13-enriched CO2 in order to avoid measurement biases introduced by measurement instrumentation detecting only certain isotopologues. The reference standards developed here have been compared with standards developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and standards from the WMO scale. They demonstrate excellent comparability. C1 [Brewer, Paul J.; Brown, Richard J. C.; Miller, Michael N.; Minarro, Marta Doval; Murugan, Arul; Milton, Martin J. T.] Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Div, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Rhoderick, George C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brewer, PJ (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Analyt Sci Div, Hampton Rd, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM paul.brewer@npl.co.uk RI Doval Minarro, Marta/F-9597-2016 OI Doval Minarro, Marta/0000-0001-6142-6396 FU U.K. Department of Business Innovation and Skills National Measurement System's Chemistry and Biology Knowledge Base measurement program FX This work was funded by the U.K. Department of Business Innovation and Skills National Measurement System's Chemistry and Biology Knowledge Base measurement program. We are grateful to Euan Nisbet, Rebecca Fisher, and David Lowry at Royal Holloway University for providing the IRMS measurements to validate the gravimetric preparation of CO2 standards with different isotopic distributions. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 3 BP 1887 EP 1893 DI 10.1021/ac403982m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AA3TI UT WOS:000331014800078 PM 24410374 ER PT J AU Conmy, RN Coble, PG Farr, J Wood, AM Lee, K Pegau, WS Walsh, ID Koch, CR Abercrombie, MI Miles, MS Lewis, MR Ryan, SA Robinson, BJ King, TL Kelble, CR Lacoste, J AF Conmy, Robyn N. Coble, Paula G. Farr, James Wood, A. Michelle Lee, Kenneth Pegau, W. Scott Walsh, Ian D. Koch, Corey R. Abercrombie, Mary I. Miles, M. Scott Lewis, Marlon R. Ryan, Scott A. Robinson, Brian J. King, Thomas L. Kelble, Christopher R. Lacoste, Jordanna TI Submersible Optical Sensors Exposed to Chemically Dispersed Crude Oil: Wave Tank Simulations for Improved Oil Spill Monitoring SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EMISSION MATRIX SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; WATER; BIODEGRADATION; SEAWATER; MARINE AB In situ fluorometers were deployed during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Gulf of Mexico oil spill to track the subsea oil plume. Uncertainties regarding instrument specifications and capabilities necessitated performance testing of sensors exposed to simulated, dispersed oil plumes. Dynamic ranges of the Chelsea. Technologies Group AQUAtracka, Turner Designs Cyclops, Satlantic SUNA and WET Labs, Inc. ECO, exposed to fresh and artificially weathered crude oil, were determined. Sensors were standardized against known oil volumes and total petroleum hydrocarbons and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene measurements-both collected during spills, providing oil estimates during wave tank dilution experiments. All sensors estimated oil concentrations down to 300 ppb oil, refuting previous reports. Sensor performance results spill data and formulating future protocols. assist interpretation of DWH oil spill data and formulating future protocols. C1 [Conmy, Robyn N.] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Coble, Paula G.; Abercrombie, Mary I.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Farr, James] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wood, A. Michelle; Kelble, Christopher R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Kenneth; Ryan, Scott A.; Robinson, Brian J.; King, Thomas L.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. [Pegau, W. Scott] Oil Spill Recovery Inst, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. [Walsh, Ian D.; Koch, Corey R.] WET Labs Inc, Philomath, OR 97370 USA. [Miles, M. Scott] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Lewis, Marlon R.; Lacoste, Jordanna] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. RP Conmy, RN (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, 26 West Martin Luther King Blvd, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM conmy.robyn@epa.gov RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134 FU DFO Canada FX We thank all funding sources for the experiments at COOGER-BIO (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada): IOOS support (Alliance for Coastal Technology), NOAA's supplemental DWH appropriation, salary support from home institutions, DFO Canada and internal travel support by Horiba JY, Oil Spill Recovery Institute, WET Labs, Inc. This document has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Risk Management Research Laboratory and approved for publication. Approval does not signify that the contents reflect the views of the Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. This is a contribution from the Land Remediation and Pollution Control Division. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 3 BP 1803 EP 1810 DI 10.1021/es404206y PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA3TL UT WOS:000331015100055 PM 24377909 ER PT J AU Poppendieck, DG Rim, D Persily, AK AF Poppendieck, Dustin G. Rim, Donghyun Persily, Andrew K. TI Ultrafine Particle Removal and Ozone Generation by In-Duct Electrostatic Precipitators SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCCUPIED TOWNHOUSE; AIR CLEANERS; VENTILATION; AEROSOL; FILTERS; INDOOR; SYSTEMS; RATES; PENETRATION; COLLECTION AB Human exposure to airborne ultrafine particles (UFP, < 100 nm) has been shown to have adverse health effects and can be elevated in buildings. In-duct electrostatic precipitator filters (ESP) have been shown to be an effective particulate control device for reducing UFP concentrations (20-100 nm) in buildings, although they have the potential to increase indoor ozone concentrations. This study investigated residential ESP filters to reduce ultrafine particles between 4 to 15 nm and quantified the resulting ozone generation. In-duct ESPs were operated in the central air handling unit of a test house. Results for the two tested ESP brands indicate that removal efficiency of 8 to 14 nm particles was near zero and always less than 10% (+/- 15%), possibly due to particle generation or low charging efficiency. Adding a media filter downstream of the ESP increased the decay rate for particles in the same size range. Continuous operation of one brand of ESP raised indoor ozone concentrations to 77 ppb(v)and 20 ppb(v) for a second brand. Using commercial filters containing activated carbon downstream of the installed ESP reduced the indoor steady-state ozone concentrations between 6% and 39%. C1 [Poppendieck, Dustin G.; Rim, Donghyun; Persily, Andrew K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Poppendieck, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dustin.poppendieck@nist.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 3 BP 2067 EP 2074 DI 10.1021/es404884p PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA3TL UT WOS:000331015100085 PM 24387032 ER PT J AU Ross, KA Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Dabkowska, HA Gaulin, BD AF Ross, K. A. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Dabkowska, H. A. Gaulin, B. D. TI Order by Disorder Spin Wave Gap in the XY Pyrochlore Magnet Er2Ti2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID KAGOME ANTIFERROMAGNET; QUANTUM FLUCTUATIONS; SELECTION; LATTICE AB The recent determination of a robust spin Hamiltonian for the antiferromagnetic XY pyrochlore Er2Ti2O7 reveals a most convincing case of the "Order-by-Quantum-Disorder" mechanism for ground state selection. This mechanism relies on quantum fluctuations to remove an accidental symmetry of the magnetic ground state, and selects a particular ordered spin structure below T-N = 1.2K. The removal of the continuous degeneracy results in an energy gap in the spectrum of spin wave excitations, long wavelength pseudo-Goldstone modes. We have measured the Order-by-Quantum-Disorder spin wave gap at a zone center in Er2Ti2O7, using low incident energy neutrons and the time-of-flight inelastic scattering method. We report a gap of Delta = 0.053 +/- 0.006 meV, which is consistent with upper bounds placed on it from heat capacity measurements and roughly consistent with the theoretical estimate of similar to 0.02 meV, further validating the spin Hamiltonian that led to that prediction. The gap is observed to vary with the square of the order parameter, and goes to zero for T similar to T-N. C1 [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5S 1Z8, Canada. RP Ross, KA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; NSERC of Canada FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0944772. Work at McMaster University was supported by NSERC of Canada. The authors are grateful to L. Savary and L. Balents for discussions. K. A. R. acknowledges helpful comments from C. L. Broholm and M. Mourigal. NR 42 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 5 AR 057201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.057201 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB7DK UT WOS:000331949300003 PM 24580625 ER PT J AU Bossart, GD Romano, TA Peden-Adams, MM Schaefer, A McCulloch, S Goldstein, JD Rice, CD Fair, PA Cray, C Reif, JS AF Bossart, Gregory D. Romano, Tracy A. Peden-Adams, Margie M. Schaefer, Adam McCulloch, Stephen Goldstein, Juli D. Rice, Charles D. Fair, Patricia A. Cray, Carolyn Reif, John S. TI Clinicoimmunopathologic findings in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus with positive Chlamydiaceae antibody titers SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Bottlenose dolphin; Chlamydiaceae antibody; Seroepidemiology; Clinical pathology; Immunology ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SOUTH-CAROLINA; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; GENITAL-INFECTION; FLORIDA; EXPOSURE; IMMUNE; CHLAMYDOPHILA; TRACHOMATIS; CHARLESTON AB Sera from free-ranging Atlantic bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus inhabiting the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida, and coastal waters of Charleston (CHS), South Carolina, USA, were tested for antibodies to Chlamydiaceae as part of a multidisciplinary study of individual and population health. A suite of clinicoimmunopathologic variables was evaluated in Chlamydiaceae-seropositive dolphins (n = 43) and seronegative healthy dolphins (n = 83). Fibrinogen, lactate dehydrogenase, amylase, and absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and basophils were significantly higher, and serum bicarbonate, total alpha globulin, and alpha-2 globulin were significantly lower in dolphins with positive Chlamydiaceae titers compared with seronegative healthy dolphins. Several differences in markers of innate and adaptive immunity were also found. Concanavalin A-induced T lymphocyte proliferation, lipopolysaccharide-induced B lymphocyte proliferation, and granulocytic phagocytosis were significantly lower, and absolute numbers of mature CD 21 B lymphocytes, natural killer cell activity and lysozyme concentration were significantly higher in dolphins with positive Chlamydiaceae antibody titers compared to seronegative healthy dolphins. Additionally, dolphins with positive Chlamydiaceae antibody titers had significant increases in ELISA antibody titers to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. These data suggest that Chlamydiaceae infection may produce subclinical clinicoimmunopathologic perturbations that impact health. Any potential subclinical health impacts are important for the IRL and CHS dolphin populations, as past studies have indicated that both dolphin populations are affected by other complex infectious and neoplastic diseases, often associated with immunologic perturbations and anthropogenic contaminants. C1 [Bossart, Gregory D.] Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.; Schaefer, Adam; McCulloch, Stephen; Goldstein, Juli D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.; Cray, Carolyn] Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33101 USA. [Romano, Tracy A.] Myst Aquarium, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. [Peden-Adams, Margie M.] Univ Nevada, Harry Reid Ctr Environm Studies, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. [Rice, Charles D.] Clemson Univ, Grad Program Environm Toxicol, Dept Biol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Bossart, GD (reprint author), Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker St, Atlanta, GA 30313 USA. EM gbossart@georgiaaquarium.org FU Florida Protect Wild Dolphins specialty license plate program; NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health; Stranding Response Program FX The HERA Atlantic bottlenose dolphin health assessments are a collaborative effort between Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute at Florida Atlantic University, Georgia Aquarium, and the National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA. Support was provided by the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins specialty license plate program and the NOAA Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program. The authors thank the entire HERA project staff for their tireless efforts in this project. In particular, we recognize Mr. Wayne McFee for analyses of dental enamel to estimate age. This work constitutes Contribution 221 from the Sea Research Foundation, Inc. NR 49 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 108 IS 1 BP 71 EP 81 DI 10.3354/dao02704 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 304CF UT WOS:000330722700008 PM 24492056 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Stock, C Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Chi, SX Leao, J Long, XF Xie, YJ Bokov, AA Ye, ZG Ganesh, P Gehring, PM AF Phelan, Daniel Stock, Christopher Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A. Chi, Songxue Leao, Juscelino Long, Xifa Xie, Yujuan Bokov, Alexei A. Ye, Zuo-Guang Ganesh, Panchapakesan Gehring, Peter M. TI Role of random electric fields in relaxors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE lead zirconate titanate; piezoelectricity; short-range order; soft modes; neutron scattering ID DIFFUSE-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ELECTROMECHANICAL RESPONSE; NEUTRON RESEARCH; NIST CENTER; FERROELECTRICS; PBMG1/3TA2/3O3; PEROVSKITES; INSTABILITY AB PbZr(1-x)TixO(3) (PZT) and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3 (PMN-xPT) are complex lead-oxide perovskites that display exceptional piezoelectric properties for pseudorhombohedral compositions near a tetragonal phase boundary. In PZT these compositions are ferroelectrics, but in PMN-xPT they are relaxors because the dielectric permittivity is frequency dependent and exhibits non-Arrhenius behavior. We show that the nanoscale structure unique to PMN-xPT and other lead-oxide perovskite relaxors is absent in PZT and correlates with a greater than 100% enhancement of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient in PMN-xPT relative to that in PZT. By comparing dielectric, structural, lattice dynamical, and piezoelectric measurements on PZT and PMN-xPT, two nearly identical compounds that represent weak and strong random electric field limits, we show that quenched (static) random fields establish the relaxor phase and identify the order parameter. C1 [Phelan, Daniel; Stock, Christopher; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.; Chi, Songxue; Leao, Juscelino; Gehring, Peter M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stock, Christopher] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Phys & Astron, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, Midlothian, Scotland. [Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose A.; Chi, Songxue] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Long, Xifa; Xie, Yujuan; Bokov, Alexei A.; Ye, Zuo-Guang] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Chem, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Long, Xifa; Xie, Yujuan; Bokov, Alexei A.; Ye, Zuo-Guang] Simon Fraser Univ, LABS 4D, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Ganesh, Panchapakesan] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Gehring, PM (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.gehring@nist.gov RI Bokov, Alexei/C-6924-2008; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; Ganesh, Panchapakesan/E-3435-2012; Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013 OI Bokov, Alexei/0000-0003-1126-3378; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; Ganesh, Panchapakesan/0000-0002-7170-2902; Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; US Office of Naval Research [N00014-11-1-0552, N00014-12-1-1045]; Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Carnegie Trust; Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX The authors acknowledge fruitful discussions with R.E. Erwin, D.K. Singh, and L. Kneller regarding the use and fabrication of a single-crystal silicon sample mount. This work used facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. The work at Simon Fraser University was supported by the US Office of Naval Research (Grants N00014-11-1-0552 and N00014-12-1-1045) and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. C.S. was partially supported by the Carnegie Trust. P.G. was supported by the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, which is sponsored at Oak Ridge National Laboratory by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 60 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 9 U2 60 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 4 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 5 BP 1754 EP 1759 DI 10.1073/pnas.1314780111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 302FL UT WOS:000330587600037 PM 24449912 ER PT J AU Sykes, AG Corson, JP D'Incao, JP Koller, AP Greene, CH Rey, AM Hazzard, KRA Bohn, JL AF Sykes, A. G. Corson, J. P. D'Incao, J. P. Koller, A. P. Greene, C. H. Rey, A. M. Hazzard, K. R. A. Bohn, J. L. TI Quenching to unitarity: Quantum dynamics in a three-dimensional Bose gas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED FERMI GAS; LARGE SCATTERING LENGTH; 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; COLD ATOMS; THERMODYNAMICS; SUPERFLUID AB We study the dynamics of a zero-temperature Bose condensate following a sudden quench of the scattering length from noninteracting to unitarity (infinite scattering length). We apply three complementary approaches to understand the momentum distribution and loss rate. First, using a time-dependent variational ansatz for the many-body state, we calculate the dynamics of the momentum distribution. Second, we demonstrate that, at short times and large momenta compared to those set by the density, the physics can be understood within a simple, analytic two-body model. We make a quantitative prediction for the evolution of Tan's contact and find features in the momentum distribution that are absent in equilibrium. Third, we study three-body loss at finite density under the same dynamic scenario. We find lifetimes that are long compared to the saturation times of large-momentum modes, and we relate this result to the three-body inelasticity parameter. C1 [Sykes, A. G.; Corson, J. P.; D'Incao, J. P.; Koller, A. P.; Rey, A. M.; Hazzard, K. R. A.; Bohn, J. L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sykes, A. G.; Corson, J. P.; D'Incao, J. P.; Koller, A. P.; Rey, A. M.; Hazzard, K. R. A.; Bohn, J. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Greene, C. H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sykes, AG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Sykes, Andrew/C-9590-2014 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; FU NSF; ARO MURI; NDSEG fellowship program; NSF- PFC; NRC FX We acknowledge S. Natu, E. Mueller, C. Klauss, P. Makotyn, L. Radzihovsky, V. Gurarie, D. Jin, and E. Cornell for suggestions. We gratefully acknowledge funding from the NSF (J.L.B.), ARO MURI (A.G.S.), NDSEG fellowship program (J.P.C. and A. P. K.), AFOSR MURI and NSF (J.P.D. and C.H.G.), and NSF- PFC (K.R.A.H. and A.M.R.). K.R.A.H. thanks the NRC for support. This manuscript is the contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, and is not subject to US copyright. NR 52 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD FEB 3 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 021601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.021601 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC0WR UT WOS:000332216700001 ER PT J AU Verma, VB Horansky, R Marsili, F Stern, JA Shaw, MD Lita, AE Mirin, RP Nam, SW AF Verma, V. B. Horansky, R. Marsili, F. Stern, J. A. Shaw, M. D. Lita, A. E. Mirin, R. P. Nam, S. W. TI A four-pixel single-photon pulse-position array fabricated from WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID READOUT CIRCUIT; EFFICIENCY; TIME AB We demonstrate a scalable readout scheme for an infrared single-photon pulse-position camera consisting of WSi superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. For an N x N array, only 2 x N wires are required to obtain the position of a detection event. As a proof-of-principle, we show results from a 2 x 2 array. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Verma, V. B.; Horansky, R.; Lita, A. E.; Mirin, R. P.; Nam, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsili, F.; Stern, J. A.; Shaw, M. D.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Verma, VB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM verma@nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 FU DARPA InPho program FX This work was supported by the DARPA InPho program. NR 22 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 3 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 5 AR 051115 DI 10.1063/1.4864075 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AB2TD UT WOS:000331644100015 ER PT J AU Guseinov, GG Abdulagatov, IM AF Guseinov, G. G. Abdulagatov, I. M. TI Thermal-Conductivity Measurements of Aqueous Orthophosphoric Acid Solutions in the Temperature Range from (293 to 400) K and at Pressures up to 15 MPa SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Aqueous solution; Orthophosphoric acid; Parallel-plate technique; Thermal conductivity; Water ID APPARENT MOLAR VOLUMES; PHOSPHORIC ACID; CRITICAL REGION; STRONG ELECTROLYTES; NANO3 SOLUTIONS; CARBON DIOXIDE; LIBR SOLUTIONS; LII SOLUTIONS; VISCOSITY; DENSITIES AB A new improved guarded parallel-plate thermal-conductivity cell for absolute measurements of corrosive (chemically aggressive) fluids under pressure has been developed. Using the new modified guarded parallel-plate apparatus the thermal conductivity of aqueous orthophosphoric acid solutions was measured over the temperature range from (293 to 400) K and pressures up to 15 MPa. Measurements were made for three compositions of H3PO4 (8 mass%, 15 mass%, and 50 mass%) along three isobars of (0.101, 5, and 15) MPa. The combined expanded uncertainty of the thermal-conductivity (lambda) measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 2 %. The uncertainties of the temperature, pressure, and concentration measurements were 15 mK, 0.05 %, and 0.01 %, respectively. The temperature, concentration, and pressure dependences of the thermal conductivity of the solution were studied. The measured values of thermal conductivity were compared with the available reported data and the values calculated from various correlation and prediction models. A new wide-range correlation model (extended Jones-Dole type equation with pressure-dependent coefficients) for the H3PO4(aq) solution was developed using the present experimental data. C1 [Guseinov, G. G.; Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala 367005, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 67 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X EI 1572-9567 J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 35 IS 2 BP 218 EP 245 DI 10.1007/s10765-014-1598-0 PG 28 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA AL7UU UT WOS:000339342200002 ER PT J AU Mahboubi, H Moezzi, K Aghdam, AG Sayrafian-Pour, K Marbukh, V AF Mahboubi, Hamid Moezzi, Kaveh Aghdam, Amir G. Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Marbukh, Vladimir TI Distributed Deployment Algorithms for Improved Coverage in a Network of Wireless Mobile Sensors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Coverage; mobile sensors; wireless sensor networks ID SURVEILLANCE; OPTIMIZATION; STRATEGIES; FIELD AB In this paper, efficient sensor deployment strategies are developed to increase coverage in wireless mobile sensor networks. The sensors find coverage holes within their Voronoi polygons and then move in an appropriate direction to minimize them. Novel edge-based and vertex-based strategies are introduced, and their performances are compared with existing techniques. The proposed movement strategies are based on the distances of each sensor and the points inside its Voronoi polygon from the edges or vertices of the polygon. Simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed deployment algorithms and their superiority to the techniques reported in the literature. C1 [Mahboubi, Hamid; Aghdam, Amir G.] Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. [Moezzi, Kaveh] Bombardier, Montreal, PQ H3B 1X9, Canada. [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran; Marbukh, Vladimir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mahboubi, H (reprint author), Concordia Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Montreal, PQ H3G 1M8, Canada. EM h_mahbo@ece.concordia.ca; kaveh.moezzi@aero.bombardier.com; aghdam@ece.concordia.ca; ksayrafian@nist.gov; marbukh@nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB8H8146] FX This work was supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under Grant 70NANB8H8146. Paper no. TII-12-0051. NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1551-3203 EI 1941-0050 J9 IEEE T IND INFORM JI IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1109/TII.2013.2280095 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering GA AI2DW UT WOS:000336668600017 ER PT J AU Amaya, DJ Foltz, GR AF Amaya, Dillon J. Foltz, Gregory R. TI Impacts of canonical and Modoki El Nino on tropical Atlantic SST SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ENSO; OCEAN; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; PRECIPITATION; CIRCULATION; MECHANISMS; HURRICANES AB The impacts of canonical and Modoki El Nino on tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) are quantified using composite analysis. Results show that El Nino Modoki fails to produce significant warming in the tropical Atlantic, in contrast to the well known warming following canonical El Nino events. El Nino Modoki instead induces significant cooling in the northeastern tropical Atlantic and near-neutral conditions elsewhere in the tropical Atlantic. It is shown that the difference in SST response stems primarily from a much stronger Pacific/North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern and stronger atmospheric Kelvin wave response during canonical events compared to Modoki. The stronger PNA pattern and Kelvin waves during canonical events generate anomalously weak surface winds in the tropical North Atlantic, driving anomalously weak evaporative cooling and warmer SSTs. Past research has shown significant decadal variability in the frequency of noncanonical El Ninos relative to canonical events. If such variability continues, it is likely that the impact of El Nino on tropical Atlantic SST will also fluctuate from one decade to the next. C1 [Amaya, Dillon J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. [Foltz, Gregory R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X FU Physical Oceanography Division of AOML FX This research was conducted while DA participated in a summer internship at NOAA/AOML while holding a NOAA Ernest F. Hollings Scholarship at Texas A&M University. The authors thank the Physical Oceanography Division of AOML for partial funding of this work. Sang-Ki Lee made several valuable comments and suggestions during the course of the study. We thank Philip Klotzbach, Mike McPhaden, and an anonymous reviewer for comments that improved the quality of the paper. NR 42 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 777 EP 789 DI 10.1002/2013JC009476 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6SO UT WOS:000336261200009 ER PT J AU Godin, OA Zabotin, NA Sheehan, AF Collins, JA AF Godin, Oleg A. Zabotin, Nikolay A. Sheehan, Anne F. Collins, John A. TI Interferometry of infragravity waves off New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID FLOOR COMPLIANCE MEASUREMENTS; CROSS-CORRELATION FUNCTION; SEA-FLOOR; AMBIENT NOISE; GREENS-FUNCTION; DEEP-OCEAN; PRESSURE-FLUCTUATIONS; SHEAR VELOCITIES; GRAVITY-WAVES; TIME-REVERSAL AB Wave interferometry is a remote sensing technique, which is increasingly employed in helioseismology, seismology, and acoustics to retrieve parameters of the propagation medium from two-point cross-correlation functions of random wavefields. Here we apply interferometry to yearlong records of seafloor pressure at 28 locations off New Zealand's South Island to investigate propagation and directivity properties of infragravity waves away from shore. A compressed cross-correlation function technique is proposed to make the interferometry of dispersive waves more robust, decrease the necessary noise averaging time, and simplify retrieval of quantitative information from noise cross correlations. The emergence of deterministic wave arrivals from cross correlations of random wavefields is observed up to the maximum range of 692 km between the pressure sensors in the array. Free, linear waves with a strongly anisotropic distribution of power flux density are found to be dominant in the infragravity wavefield. Lowest-frequency components of the infragravity wavefield are largely isotropic. The anisotropy has its maximum in the middle of the spectral band and decreases at the high-frequency end of the spectrum. Highest anisotropy peaks correspond to waves coming from portions of the New Zealand's shoreline. Significant contributions are also observed from waves propagating along the coastline and probably coming from powerful sources in the northeast Pacific. Infragravity wave directivity is markedly different to the east and to the west of the South Island. The northwest coast of the South Island is found to be a net source of the infragravity wave energy. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.; Zabotin, Nikolay A.; Sheehan, Anne F.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Zabotin, Nikolay A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sheehan, Anne F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Collins, John A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Zabotin, Nikolay/A-9639-2015; Sheehan, Anne/B-3954-2014 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Zabotin, Nikolay/0000-0003-0715-1082; FU National Science Foundation Continental Dynamics program [EAR-0409564, EAR-0409609, EAR-0409835]; National Science Foundation [CNS-0821794, OCE 1129524]; University of Colorado Boulder; University of Colorado; Office of Naval Research [N00014-13-1-0348] FX The collection of DPG data was supported by the National Science Foundation Continental Dynamics program under grants EAR-0409564, EAR-0409609, and EAR-0409835. The instruments were provided by the U.S. National Ocean Bottom Seismic Instrumentation Pool (http://www.obsip.org). We are grateful to Zhaohui Yang for facilitating access to the MOANA experiment data set. Data processing and numerical simulations were performed on the Janus supercomputer, which is supported by the National Science Foundation (award CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The Janus supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. This work was supported, in part, by the University of Colorado Seed Grant "Study of Ocean Infragravity Waves with a Large Array of Seafloor Seismometers," the National Science Foundation award OCE 1129524, and the Office of Naval Research award N00014-13-1-0348. NR 91 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 1103 EP 1122 DI 10.1002/2013JC009395 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6SO UT WOS:000336261200029 ER PT J AU Domingues, R Goni, G Swart, S Dong, SF AF Domingues, Ricardo Goni, Gustavo Swart, Sebastiaan Dong, Shenfu TI Wind forced variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Africa between 1993 and 2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL HEAT-TRANSPORT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ANNULAR MODE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DRAKE PASSAGE; OCEAN; HEMISPHERE; CIRCULATION; FRONTS; TRENDS AB The variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) system is largely linked to the atmospheric forcing. The objective of this work is to assess the link between local wind forcing mechanisms and the variability of the upper-ocean temperature and the dynamics of the different fronts in the ACC region south of South Africa. To accomplish this, in situ and satellite-derived observations are used between 1993 and 2010. The main finding of this work is that meridional changes in the westerlies linked with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) drive temperature anomalies in the Ekman layer and changes in the Subantarctic Front (SAF) and Antarctic Polar Front (APF) transports through Ekman dynamics. The development of easterly anomalies between 35 degrees S and 45 degrees S during positive SAM is linked to reduced (increased) SAF (APF) transports and a warmer mixed layer in the ACC. The link between the changes in the wind stress and the SAF and APF transport variations occurs through the development of Ekman pumping anomalies near the frontal boundaries, driving an opposite response on the SAF and APF transports. The observed wind-driven changes in the frontal transports suggest small changes to the net ACC transport. In addition, observations indicate that the SAF and APF locations in this region are not linked to the local wind forcing, emphasizing the importance of other factors (e. g., baroclinic instabilities generated by bottom topography) to changes in the frontal location. Results obtained here highlight the importance of repeat XBT temperature sections and their combined analysis with other in situ and remote sensing observations. C1 [Domingues, Ricardo; Dong, Shenfu] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Domingues, Ricardo; Goni, Gustavo; Dong, Shenfu] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Swart, Sebastiaan] CSIR NRE, Southern Ocean Carbon & Climate Observ, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [Swart, Sebastiaan] Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, Marine Res Inst, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Domingues, R (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM Ricardo.Domingues@noaa.gov RI Dong, Shenfu/I-4435-2013; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Domingues, Ricardo/A-9842-2017; OI Dong, Shenfu/0000-0001-8247-8072; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Domingues, Ricardo/0000-0002-6295-2440; Swart, Sebastiaan/0000-0002-2251-8826 FU CNES; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) of the University of Miami [NA17RJ1226]; Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory FX Argo and CTD profiles were obtained from the Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Programme (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/GTSPP). The altimetry products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs, distributed by AVISO, and supported by the CNES. NOAA High Resolution SST data were provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/). The XBT data are made freely available by the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/phod). The authors would like to thank Silvia Garzoli, Qi Yao, Claudia Schmid, Marlos Goes, and Francis Bringas for the discussions on the data analysis, and Molly Baringer, Elizabeth Johns, and Gregory Foltz for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. The South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP) and the University of Cape Town are also acknowledged for their continued support in undertaking the research voyages along the AX25/GoodHope transect. The authors would also like to thank the three anonymous reviewers for the insightful comments and suggestions. This research was carried out under the auspices of the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a joint institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1226. This work was funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office and by the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 1123 EP 1145 DI 10.1002/2013JC008908 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6SO UT WOS:000336261200030 ER PT J AU Weaver, J Harkabus, LC Braun, J Millller, S Cox, R Griffith, J Mazur, RJ AF Weaver, John Harkabus, Lindsey C. Braun, Jeffry Millller, Steven Cox, Rob Griffith, John Mazur, Rebecccca J. TI AN OVERVIEW OF A DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF UNITED STATES EMERGENCY MANAGERS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISASTER C1 [Weaver, John; Braun, Jeffry; Millller, Steven] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Harkabus, Lindsey C.] CIRA, Ft Walton Beach, FL USA. [Harkabus, Lindsey C.] Troy Univ, Ft Walton Beach, FL USA. [Cox, Rob; Griffith, John; Mazur, Rebecccca J.] Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Cheyenne, WY USA. RP Weaver, J (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM John.Weaver@colostate.edu FU Texas Department of Public Safety, and Emergency Management association from Colorado; Texas Department of Public Safety, and Emergency Management association from New York; Texas Department of Public Safety, and Emergency Management association from Maine; Texas Department of Public Safety, and Emergency Management association from New Jersey FX Thanks to the many busy emergency managers who took 30 minutes or more from their busy days to take part in this survey. Thanks are also due to the large number of NWS personnel who helped distribute the survey link. The long list includes WCMs, MICs, and Scientific Services Division chiefs Pete Browning (Central Region) and Craig Schmidt (Western Region). Thanks to the many individuals associated with the International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM), as well as Karen Thompson, editor for the IAEM magazine. Others that provided support include the Texas Department of Public Safety, and Emergency Management associations from Colorado, New York, Maine, and New Jersey. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 95 IS 2 BP 199 EP 203 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00183.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE1JK UT WOS:000333725400004 ER PT J AU Gultepe, I Kuhn, T Pavolonis, M Calvert, C Gurka, J Heymsfield, AJ Liu, PSK Zhou, B Ware, R Ferrier, B Milbrandt, J Bernstein, B AF Gultepe, I. Kuhn, T. Pavolonis, M. Calvert, C. Gurka, J. Heymsfield, A. J. Liu, P. S. K. Zhou, B. Ware, R. Ferrier, B. Milbrandt, J. Bernstein, B. TI ICE FOG IN ARCTIC DURING FRAM-ICE FOG PROJECT Aviation and Nowcasting Applications SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BULK MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; BASE-LINE IMAGER; PART I; GOES-R; CRYSTALS; CLOUDS; AGGREGATION; GENERATION; PARTICLES; CLIMATE AB Ice fog and frost occur commonly (at least 26% of the time) in the northern latitudes and Arctic regions during winter at temperatures usually less than about -15 degrees C. Ice fog is strongly related to frost formationa major aviation hazard in the northern latitudes. In fact, it may be considered a more dangerous event than snow because of the stronger aircraft surface adhesion compared to snow particles. In the winter of 2010/11, the Fog Remote Sensing and Modeling-Ice Fog (FRAM-IF) project was organized near Yellowknife International Airport, Northwest Territories, Canada, with the main goals of advancing understanding of ice fog microphysical and visibility characteristics, and improving its prediction using forecast models and remotesensing retrievals. Approximately 40 different sensors were used to measure visibility, precipitation, ice particle spectra, vertical thermodynamic profiles, and ceiling height. Fog coverage and visibility parameters were estimated using both Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations. During this project, the inversion layer usually was below a height of 1.5 km. High humidity typically was close to the ground, frequently producing ice fog, frost, and light snow precipitation. At low temperatures, snow crystals can be swept away by a very low wind speed (approximate to 1 m s(-1)). Ice fog during the project was not predicted by any forecast model. These preliminary results in the northern latitudes suggest that ice fog and frost studies, over the Arctic regions, can help us to better understand ice microphysical processes such as ice nucleation, visibility, and parameterizations of ice fog. C1 [Gultepe, I.; Liu, P. S. K.] Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Kuhn, T.] Lulea Univ Technol, Div Space Technol, Kiruna, Sweden. [Pavolonis, M.] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Calvert, C.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Gurka, J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Heymsfield, A. J.] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhou, B.; Ferrier, B.] IM Syst Grp, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Zhou, B.; Ferrier, B.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Ware, R.] Radiometrics Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Ware, R.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Milbrandt, J.] Environm Canada, CMC, RPN, Dorval, PQ, Canada. [Bernstein, B.] Leading Edge Atmospher, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gultepe, I (reprint author), Environm Canada, Cloud Phys & Severe Weather Res Sect, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM ismail.gultepe@ec.gc.ca RI Kuhn, Thomas/F-9532-2011; Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010 OI Kuhn, Thomas/0000-0003-3701-7925; Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X FU Canadian National Search and Rescue Secretariat and Environment Canada; Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER64554]; ARM Aerial Vehicle Program FX Funding for this work was provided by the Canadian National Search and Rescue Secretariat and Environment Canada. ISDAC was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research of the U.S. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-08ER64554) through the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and the ARM Aerial Vehicle Program with contributions from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Sciences Program, Environment Canada, and the National Research Council of Canada. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 95 IS 2 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00071.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE1JK UT WOS:000333725400006 ER PT J AU Meehl, GA Goddard, L Boer, G Burgman, R Branstator, G Cassou, C Corti, S Danabasoglu, G Doblas-Reyes, F Hawkins, E Karspeck, A Kimoto, M Kumar, A Matei, D Mignot, J Msadek, R Navarra, A Pohlmann, H Rienecker, M Rosati, T Schneider, E Smith, D Sutton, R Teng, HY van Oldenborgh, GJ Vecchi, G Yeager, S AF Meehl, Gerald A. Goddard, Lisa Boer, George Burgman, Robert Branstator, Grant Cassou, Christophe Corti, Susanna Danabasoglu, Gokhan Doblas-Reyes, Francisco Hawkins, Ed Karspeck, Alicia Kimoto, Masahide Kumar, Arun Matei, Daniela Mignot, Juliette Msadek, Rym Navarra, Antonio Pohlmann, Holger Rienecker, Michele Rosati, Tony Schneider, Edwin Smith, Doug Sutton, Rowan Teng, Haiyan van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan Vecchi, Gabriel Yeager, Stephen TI DECADAL CLIMATE PREDICTION An Update from the Trenches SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; INTERDECADAL PACIFIC OSCILLATION; MULTIYEAR PREDICTABILITY; MULTIMODEL-ENSEMBLE; TROPICAL STORMS; CMIP5 MODELS; PART I; VARIABILITY AB This paper provides an update on research in the relatively new and fast-moving field of decadal climate prediction, and addresses the use of decadal climate predictions not only for potential users of such information but also for improving our understanding of processes in the climate system. External forcing influences the predictions throughout, but their contributions to predictive skill become dominant after most of the improved skill from initialization with observations vanishes after about 6-9 years. Recent multimodel results suggest that there is relatively more decadal predictive skill in the North Atlantic, western Pacific, and Indian Oceans than in other regions of the world oceans. Aspects of decadal variability of SSTs, like the mid-1970s shift in the Pacific, the mid-1990s shift in the northern North Atlantic and western Pacific, and the early-2000s hiatus, are better represented in initialized hindcasts compared to uninitialized simulations. There is evidence of higher skill in initialized multimodel ensemble decadal hindcasts than in single model results, with multimodel initialized predictions for near-term climate showing somewhat less global warming than uninitialized simulations. Some decadal hindcasts have shown statistically reliable predictions of surface temperature over various land and ocean regions for lead times of up to 6-9 years, but this needs to be investigated in a wider set of models. As in the early days of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction, improvements to models will reduce the need for bias adjustment, and increase the reliability, and thus usefulness, of decadal climate predictions in the future. C1 [Meehl, Gerald A.; Branstator, Grant; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Karspeck, Alicia; Teng, Haiyan; Yeager, Stephen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Goddard, Lisa] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Boer, George] Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Burgman, Robert] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Cassou, Christophe] Ctr Europeen Rech & Format Avancee Calcul Sci, Toulouse, France. [Corti, Susanna] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Corti, Susanna] Italian Natl Res Council, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. [Doblas-Reyes, Francisco] Catalan Inst Climate Sci, Barcelona, Spain. [Hawkins, Ed; Sutton, Rowan] Univ Reading, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Reading, Berks, England. [Kimoto, Masahide] Univ Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Kumar, Arun] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, College Pk, MD USA. [Matei, Daniela; Pohlmann, Holger] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Mignot, Juliette] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace Sci Environm, Paris, France. [Mignot, Juliette] Univ Bern, Bern, Switzerland. [Msadek, Rym; Rosati, Tony; Vecchi, Gabriel] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Navarra, Antonio] Ctr Euromediterraneo Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy. [Navarra, Antonio] Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Bologna, Italy. [Rienecker, Michele] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Schneider, Edwin] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Schneider, Edwin] COLA, Calverton, MD USA. [Smith, Doug] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. [van Oldenborgh, Geert Jan] Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorol Inst, De Bilt, Netherlands. RP Meehl, GA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM meehl@ncar.ucar.edu RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; kimoto, masahide/P-9077-2014; Mignot, Juliette/F-3138-2011; Corti, Susanna/B-8224-2015; Hawkins, Ed/B-7921-2011; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016; OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Mignot, Juliette/0000-0002-4894-898X; Corti, Susanna/0000-0003-4456-6682; Hawkins, Ed/0000-0001-9477-3677; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280; Sutton, Rowan/0000-0001-8345-8583 FU NASA; NSF; NOAA; DOE; AIMES; Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation; NOAA MAPP program; NOAA CPO program; DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; European Community; BMBF North Atlantic II project; NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program; French GICC EPIDOM Project; Spanish RUCSS project FX The authors acknowledge the Aspen Global Change Institute (AGCI) in Aspen, Colorado, Director John Katzenberger for hosting the workshop that laid the foundations for this paper, and particularly all the attendees who contributed to the workshop discussions that led to this paper. Funding for the AGCI workshop was provided by NASA, NSF, NOAA, DOE, and AIMES. The authors thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped considerably to improve and clarify points made in the manuscript. Portions of this study were supported by the Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy; the National Science Foundation; the NOAA MAPP and NOAA CPO programs; the DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101); the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) THOR and COMBINE projects; the BMBF North Atlantic II project; the NASA Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction program; the French GICC EPIDOM Project; and the Spanish RUCSS project. NR 138 TC 108 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 99 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 95 IS 2 BP 243 EP 267 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00241.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE1JK UT WOS:000333725400008 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Eischeid, J Kumar, A Leung, R Mariotti, A Mo, K Schubert, S Seager, R AF Hoerling, M. Eischeid, J. Kumar, A. Leung, R. Mariotti, A. Mo, K. Schubert, S. Seager, R. TI CAUSES AND PREDICTABILITY OF THE 2012 GREAT PLAINS DROUGHT SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; DUST-BOWL; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SUMMER; OCEAN AB Central Great Plains precipitation deficits during May-August 2012 were the most severe since at least 1895, eclipsing the Dust Bowl summers of 1934 and 1936. Drought developed suddenly in May, following near-normal precipitation during winter and early spring. Its proximate causes were a reduction in atmospheric moisture transport into the Great Plains from the Gulf of Mexico. Processes that generally provide air mass lift and condensation were mostly absent, including a lack of frontal cyclones in late spring followed by suppressed deep convection in the summer owing to large-scale subsidence and atmospheric stabilization. Seasonal forecasts did not predict the summer 2012 central Great Plains drought development, which therefore arrived without early warning. Climate simulations and empirical analysis suggest that ocean surface temperatures together with changes in greenhouse gases did not induce a substantial reduction in sum mertime precipitation over the central Great Plains during 2012. Yet, diagnosis of the retrospective climate simulations also reveals a regime shift toward warmer and drier summertime Great Plains conditions during the recent decade, most probably due to natural decadal variability. As a consequence, the probability of the severe summer Great Plains drought occurring may have increased in the last decade compared to the 1980s and 1990s, and the so-called tail risk for severe drought may have been heightened in summer 2012. Such an extreme drought event was nonetheless still found to be a rare occurrence within the spread of 2012 climate model simulations. The implications of this study's findings for U.S. seasonal drought forecasting are discussed. C1 [Hoerling, M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Eischeid, J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kumar, A.; Mo, K.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Leung, R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Mariotti, A.] NOAA, Climate Program Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Schubert, S.] NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Seager, R.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov FU MAPP; National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) Program FX The authors acknowledge resources and organizational support for the Drought Task Force from the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections Program (MAPP) of NOAA's Climate Program Office; activities are supported by MAPP in partnership with the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS) Program. The authors also gratefully acknowledge support from their home institutions and various funding agencies, which help sustain their work. NR 24 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 95 IS 2 BP 269 EP 282 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00055.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE1JK UT WOS:000333725400009 ER PT J AU Toth, Z Tew, M Birkenheuer, D Albers, S Xie, YF Motta, B AF Toth, Zoltan Tew, Mark Birkenheuer, Daniel Albers, Steve Xie, Yuanfu Motta, Brian TI MULTISCALE DATA ASSIMILATION AND FORECASTING SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Toth, Zoltan; Birkenheuer, Daniel; Xie, Yuanfu] NOAA, OAR, ESRL, GSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tew, Mark] NOAA, Off Climate Weather & Water Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Albers, Steve] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, GSD, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Motta, Brian] NOAA, Training Div, NWS, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Toth, Z (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, ESRL, GSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM zoltan.toth@noaa.gov RI Motta, Brian/D-7521-2015; Birkenheuer, Daniel/E-7378-2015; Albers, Steven/E-7416-2015; Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015; Xie, Yuanfu/G-4413-2015 OI Motta, Brian/0000-0002-9048-6432; Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194; NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 95 IS 2 BP ES30 EP ES33 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00088.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE1JK UT WOS:000333725400002 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE AF Bigford, Thomas E. TI Great Expectations SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM thomas.bigford@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 2 BP 53 EP + DI 10.1080/03632415.2013.875005 PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AB6WE UT WOS:000331929400003 ER PT J AU Lazzara, MA Dworak, R Santek, DA Hoover, BT Velden, CS Key, JR AF Lazzara, Matthew A. Dworak, Richard Santek, David A. Hoover, Brett T. Velden, Christopher S. Key, Jeffrey R. TI High-Latitude Atmospheric Motion Vectors from Composite Satellite Data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC WINDS; CLOUD-DRIFT AB Atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) are derived from satellite-observed motions of clouds and water vapor features. They provide crucial information in regions void of conventional observations and contribute to forecaster diagnostics of meteorological conditions, as well as numerical weather prediction. AMVs derived from geostationary (GEO) satellite observations over the middle latitudes and tropics have been utilized operationally since the 1980s; AMVs over the polar regions derived from low-earth (polar)orbiting (LEO) satellites have been utilized since the early 2000s. There still exists a gap in AMV coverage between these two sources in the latitude band poleward of 60 degrees and equatorward of 70 degrees (both hemispheres). To address this AMV gap, the use of a novel approach to create image sequences that consist of composites derived from a combination of LEO and GEO observations that extend into the deep middle latitudes is explored. Experiments are performed to determine whether the satellite composite images can be employed to generate AMVs over the gap regions. The derived AMVs are validated over both the Southern Ocean/Antarctic and the Arctic gap regions over a multiyear period using rawinsonde wind observations. In addition, a two-season numerical model impact study using the Global Forecast System indicates that the assimilation of these AMVs can improve upon the control (operational) forecasts, particularly during lower-skill (dropout) events. C1 [Lazzara, Matthew A.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Antarctic Meteorol Res Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Lazzara, Matthew A.; Dworak, Richard; Santek, David A.; Hoover, Brett T.; Velden, Christopher S.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. RP Lazzara, MA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Antarctic Meteorol Res Ctr, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mattl@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation [ANT-0537827, ANT-0838834, ANT-1141908, ARC-0713843]; Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation (NOAA) [NA10NES4400013] FX The authors thank Rick Kohrs, Jerrold Robaidek, and Nick Bearson at SSEC for their assistance with the timely retrieval of the input satellite data used in building the composites. Thanks are given to three anonymous reviewers for their helpful input in improving this manuscript. This material is based upon work supported by the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation (ANT-0537827, ANT-0838834, ANT-1141908, and ARC-0713843, and NOAA grant NA10NES4400013). The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 534 EP 547 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0160.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH9FU UT WOS:000336448000022 ER PT J AU Froese, R Thorson, JT Reyes, RB AF Froese, R. Thorson, J. T. Reyes, R. B., Jr. TI A Bayesian approach for estimating length-weight relationships in fishes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article AB A Bayesian hierarchical approach is presented for the estimation of length-weight relationships (LWR) in fishes. In particular, estimates are provided for the LWR parameters a and b in general as well as by body shape. These priors and existing LWR studies were used to derive species-specific LWR parameters. In the case of data-poor species, the analysis includes LWR studies of closely related species with the same body shape. This approach yielded LWR parameter estimates with measures of uncertainty for practically all known 32 000 species of fishes. Provided is a large LWR data set extracted from www.fishbase.org, the source code of the respective analyses, and ready-to-use tools for practitioners. This is presented as an example of a self-learning online database where the addition of new studies improves the species-specific parameter estimates, and where these parameter estimates inform the analysis of new data. C1 [Froese, R.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Thorson, J. T.] NOAA, Fisheries Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC USA. [Reyes, R. B., Jr.] IRRI, FIN, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. RP Froese, R (reprint author), GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM rfroese@geomar.de RI Froese, Rainer/C-9687-2009; Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Froese, Rainer/0000-0001-9745-636X; Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU Future Ocean Excellence Cluster 80 - German Research Foundation on behalf of the German Federal State and State Governments; European Commission [283644]; European Union [244706/ECOKNOWS] FX Thanks to Crispina Binohlan for compiling most of the LWR studies used in this study. We thank Josephine Barile and Kimberly Banasihan for implementing the web tools in FishBase. Also thanks to Sakari Kuikka for useful comments. Rainer Froese acknowledges support by the Future Ocean Excellence Cluster 80, funded by the German Research Foundation on behalf of the German Federal State and State Governments. James Thorson acknowledges supportive discussions with J. Cope and W. Patrick regarding the model design. The authors would like to thank the i-Marine project (FP7 of the European Commission, FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES- 2011-2012, Contract No. 283644) for making available the computational infrastructure that facilitated the computation of LWR estimates for all species in FishBase. Rainer Froese and Rodolfo B. Reyes Jr. acknowledge support from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 244706/ECOKNOWS project. However, the paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission (EC), and in no way anticipates the Commission's future policy in the area. This is FIN Contribution number 139. NR 15 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 7 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0175-8659 EI 1439-0426 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 30 IS 1 BP 78 EP 85 DI 10.1111/jai.12299 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AH6QT UT WOS:000336256500011 ER PT J AU Sergeev, VA Nikolaev, AV Tsyganenko, NA Angelopoulos, V Runov, AV Singer, HJ Yang, J AF Sergeev, V. A. Nikolaev, A. V. Tsyganenko, N. A. Angelopoulos, V. Runov, A. V. Singer, H. J. Yang, J. TI Testing a two- loop pattern of the substorm current wedge ( SCW2L) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE magnetotail; substorms; injections; substorm current wedge ID SATELLITE; SHEET AB Recent quantitative testing of the classical (region 1 sense) substorm current wedge (SCI) model revealed systematic discrepancies between the observed and predicted amplitudes, which suggested us to include additional region 2 sense currents (R2 loop) earthward of the dipolarized region (SCW2L model). Here we discuss alternative circuit geometries of the 3-D substorm current system and interpret observations of the magnetic field dipolarizations made between 6.6R(E) and 11R(E), to quantitatively investigate the SCW2L model parameters. During two cases of a dipole-like magnetotail configuration, the dipolarization/injection front fortuitously stopped at r similar to 9R(E) for the entire duration of similar to 30min long SCW-related dipolarization within a unique, radially distributed multispacecraft constellation, which allowed us to determine the locations and total currents of both SCW2L loops. In addition, we analyzed the dipolarization amplitudes in events, simultaneously observed at 6.6R(E), 11R(E) and at colatitudes under a wide range of magnetograph conditions. We infer that the ratio I-2/I-1 varies in the range 0.2 to 0.6 (median value 0.4) and that the equatorial part of the R2 current loop stays at r>6.6R(E) in the case of a dipole-like field geometry (BZ(0)>75nT at 6.6R(E) prior to the onset), but it is located at r<6.6R(E) in the case of a stretched magnetic field configuration (with BZ(0)<60nT). Since the ground midlatitude perturbations are sensitive to the combined effect of the R1 and R2 sense current loops with the net current roughly equal to I-1-I-2, the ratio I-2/I-1 becomes an important issue when attempting to monitor the current disruption intensity from ground observations. C1 [Sergeev, V. A.; Nikolaev, A. V.; Tsyganenko, N. A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Earth Phys Dept, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. [Angelopoulos, V.; Runov, A. V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Angelopoulos, V.; Runov, A. V.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Space Phys, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Yang, J.] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX USA. RP Sergeev, VA (reprint author), St Petersburg State Univ, Earth Phys Dept, St Petersburg 199034, Russia. EM victor@geo.phys.spbu.ru RI Tsyganenko, Nikolai/J-7377-2012; Nikolaev, Alexander/M-8355-2016; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; Yang, Jian/F-1903-2017 OI Tsyganenko, Nikolai/0000-0002-5938-1579; Nikolaev, Alexander/0000-0001-5558-9615; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Yang, Jian/0000-0002-4788-8823 FU German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50 OC 0302]; EU [263325]; SPbU [11.38.47.2011]; RFBR [13-05-00132]; THEMIS [NAS5-02099]; NASA [NNX11AJ38G]; NASA guest investigator grant [NNX10AQ43G] FX We thank INTERMAGNET project for providing ground magnetometer data; C.W.Carlson and J.P.McFadden for use of ESA data; K.H.Glassmeier, U. Auster, and W. Baumjohann for the use of FGM data provided under the lead of the Technical University of Braunschweig and with financial support through the German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) under contract 50 OC 0302. We acknowledge the efforts of E. Georgiescu to develop the effective Earth's shadow model and thank F. Plaschke for useful conversations. The work was partly supported by EU FP7 grant 263325 (ECLAT), by SPbU grant 11.38.47.2011, and RFBR grant 13-05-00132, as well as by THEMIS contract NAS5-02099. The work at Rice was supported by NASA heliophysics theory grant NNX11AJ38G, NASA guest investigator grant NNX10AQ43G. V.A.S. thanks the hospitality of ISSI, Bern, and the members of ISSI team "The Substorm Current Wedge" for useful discussions. NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 947 EP 963 DI 10.1002/2013JA019629 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AD2CP UT WOS:000333041000022 ER PT J AU Hargreaves, JK Birch, MJ Evans, DS AF Hargreaves, J. K. Birch, M. J. Evans, D. S. TI Variability and spatial fine structure of precipitating and trapped medium- energy electron fluxes in the noon sector SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE electrons ID AURORAL RADIO ABSORPTION; PITCH ANGLE DIFFUSION; VLF PROPAGATION; F-REGION; RADIATION; INTENSITIES; LOSSES; STORMS; ZONE AB The relationships between the precipitating and trapped components of magnetospheric electron flux for energy ranges exceeding 30 and 100 keV have been investigated using data from polar orbiting satellites, the study being restricted to a limited geographic region at auroral latitudes in the noon sector. The electron flux of these energies is the cause of auroral radio absorption. The data are analyzed at two levels of detail. Variations between different passes are studied using their median values, and variations within passes are derived from individual data points at 2 s intervals, equivalent to about 10km in distance. Several types of behavior are recognized. Basically, the ratio of precipitating to trapped flux at energies exceeding 30keV varies in proportion to the trapped flux, though there is a limiting upper value where the two components are approximately equal. The precipitating flux never exceeds the trapped flux by any significant amount. These types appear to be consistent with weak and strong pitch angle scatterings, respectively. The precipitation at >100 keV varies somewhat with the >100 keV trapped flux but more strongly with the >30 keV component, consistent with scattering by chorus waves produced by electrons less energetic than those being scattered. Comparison between the two energy ranges shows that the precipitating component is always softer than the trapped. The detailed relationship between the precipitating and trapped components varies from pass to pass by an amount related to the east-west component of the interplanetary magnetic field. Superimposed on the above behavior are large reductions of precipitation, spatial rather than temporal in nature, during which the trapped flux remains virtually unchanged. These reductions appear to be due to structures some tens of kilometers across, perhaps related to ducts within the magnetosphere. Some theoretical considerations based on the Kennel and Petscheck theory of scattering are given in an Appendix. C1 [Hargreaves, J. K.; Birch, M. J.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Math Phys & Astron, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. [Hargreaves, J. K.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Phys, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hargreaves, JK (reprint author), Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Math Phys & Astron, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. EM mjbirch@uclan.ac.uk NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 1102 EP 1120 DI 10.1002/2013JA019004 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AD2CP UT WOS:000333041000032 ER PT J AU Solman, SA Orlanski, I AF Solman, Silvina A. Orlanski, Isidoro TI Poleward Shift and Change of Frontal Activity in the Southern Hemisphere over the Last 40 Years SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Extratropical cyclones; Fronts; Climate change; Climate variability; Trends ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; AMERICA; TRENDS; REANALYSIS; CYCLONES; CIRCULATION; ERA-40; MODES AB Several studies have documented the poleward shift of the midlatitude westerly jet of the Southern Hemisphere during the last decades of the twentieth century, mainly during the warm season. In this work the consistency between this change and the seasonal changes in frontal activity and precipitation are explored. The authors also attempt to identify the correlation between frontal activity and precipitation changes.Frontal activity is defined using the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) dataset for the period 1962-2001 as the temperature gradient times the relative vorticity at 850 hPa. Considering cyclonic systems only, an enhancement of the frontal activity at high latitudes in the last two decades is apparent. However, the pattern of frontal activity change is not zonally symmetric, with the zonal asymmetries consistent with the climate change signal of the zonal anomaly of the 300-hPa geopotential height.The pattern of precipitation change, showing midlatitude drying and high-latitude moistening, is consistent with the pattern of the frontal activity change, explaining to a large extent both the zonal mean and asymmetric rainfall changes. This consistency is also found in terms of the year-to-year variability of the zonal mean at both mid- and high latitudes. However, the frontal activity has a complex relationship with rainfall (not every frontal system is associated with rainfall events), and this consistency is unclear over some specific regions.Results presented here highlight the robust link between the change in the asymmetric component of the upper-level circulation, the frontal activity, and rainfall over the mid- to high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere. C1 [Solman, Silvina A.] UMI IFAECI CNRS, DCAO FCEN, CONICET UBA, Ctr Invest Mar & Atmosfera, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Orlanski, Isidoro] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Solman, SA (reprint author), CIMA CONICET UBA, Ciudad Univ,Pabellon 2 2do Piso C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM solman@cima.fcen.uba.ar FU CONICET [PIP 112-200801-00195, PIP 112-201101-00189]; UBACyT [Y028]; National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration [NA08OAR4320752] FX The research leading to these results has received funding from the CONICET Grants PIP 112-200801-00195 and PIP 112-201101-00189 and UBACyT GrantY028. This report was prepared under Award NA08OAR4320752 from the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or the U.S. Department of Commerce. ERA-40 and ERA-Interim data have been provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts from their website at http://data-portal. ecmwf.int/data/d/era40_daily/ and at http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/data/d/interim_daily/, respectively. GPCP precipitation data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, has been downloaded from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The authors also thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly helped to improve the manuscript. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 539 EP 552 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0105.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG5XG UT WOS:000335491400005 ER PT J AU Solomon, A Shupe, MD Persson, O Morrison, H Yamaguchi, T Caldwell, PM de Boer, G AF Solomon, Amy Shupe, Matthew D. Persson, Ola Morrison, Hugh Yamaguchi, Takanobu Caldwell, Peter M. de Boer, Gijs TI The Sensitivity of Springtime Arctic Mixed-Phase Stratocumulus Clouds to Surface-Layer and Cloud-Top Inversion-Layer Moisture Sources SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Mixed layer; Stratiform clouds; Energy budget; balance; Water budget; Large eddy simulations ID RADIATIVE FLUXES; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ANNUAL CYCLE; WATER-VAPOR; SHEBA; OCEAN; MICROPHYSICS; ENTRAINMENT; SCHEMES; MODELS AB In this study, a series of idealized large-eddy simulations is used to understand the relative impact of cloud-top and subcloud-layer sources of moisture on the microphysical-radiative-dynamical feedbacks in an Arctic mixed-phase stratocumulus (AMPS) cloud system. This study focuses on a case derived from observations of a persistent single-layer AMPS cloud deck on 8 April 2008 during the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign near Barrow, Alaska. Moisture and moist static energy budgets are used to examine the potential impact of ice in mixed-phase clouds, specific humidity inversions coincident with temperature inversions as a source of moisture for the cloud system, and the presence of cloud liquid water above the mixed-layer top. This study demonstrates that AMPS have remarkable insensitivity to changes in moisture source. When the overlying air is dried initially, radiative cooling and turbulent entrainment increase moisture import from the surface layer. When the surface layer is dried initially, the system evolves to a state with reduced mixed-layer water vapor and increased surface-layer moisture, reducing the loss of water through precipitation and entrainment of near-surface air. Only when moisture is reduced both above and below the mixed layer does the AMPS decay without reaching a quasi-equilibrium state. A fundamental finding of this study is that, with or without cloud ice and with or without a specific humidity inversion, the cloud layer eventually extends into the temperature inversion producing a precipitation flux as a source of water into the mixed layer. C1 [Solomon, Amy; Shupe, Matthew D.; Persson, Ola; Yamaguchi, Takanobu; de Boer, Gijs] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Solomon, Amy; Shupe, Matthew D.; Persson, Ola; Yamaguchi, Takanobu; de Boer, Gijs] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morrison, Hugh] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Caldwell, Peter M.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), 325 Broadway,R-PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM amy.solomon@noaa.gov RI Caldwell, Peter/K-1899-2014; Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013; Yamaguchi, Takanobu/H-9169-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Yamaguchi, Takanobu/0000-0001-8059-0757; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG01-05ER63965]; National Science Foundation [ARC-1023366] FX The authors thank Graham Feingold and three anonymous reviewers for constructive comments. This research was supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG01-05ER63965) and the National Science Foundation (ARC-1023366). NR 56 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 574 EP 595 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0179.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG5XG UT WOS:000335491400008 ER PT J AU Potter, SF Vallis, GK Mitchell, JL AF Potter, Samuel F. Vallis, Geoffrey K. Mitchell, Jonathan L. TI Spontaneous Superrotation and the Role of Kelvin Waves in an Idealized Dry GCM SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric circulation; Kelvin waves; Waves; atmospheric ID PLANETARY-SCALE WAVES; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL SUPERROTATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; VENUS ATMOSPHERE; ZONAL WINDS; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; MAINTENANCE AB The nondimensional parameter space of an idealized dry primitive equation model is explored to find superrotating climate states. The model has no convective parameterization and is forced using a simple thermal relaxation to a prescribed radiative equilibrium temperature. It is demonstrated that, of four nondimensional parameters that determine the model's state, only the thermal Rossby number has a significant effect on superrotation. The mode that drives the transition to superrotation in an intermediate-thermal-Rossby-number atmosphere is shown to behave like a Kelvin wave in the tropics. C1 [Potter, Samuel F.; Vallis, Geoffrey K.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Mitchell, Jonathan L.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Potter, SF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM spotter@princeton.edu FU National Science Foundation [AGS-1144302]; NASA [NNX12AI71G] FX The CLAUS figure results were obtained using the CLAUS archive held at the British Atmospheric Data Centre, produced using ISCCP source data distributed by the NASA Langley Data Center. NCEP Reanalysis II data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, from their website at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd. SFP and GKV were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant AGS-1144302. JLM was supported by NASA Grant NNX12AI71G. NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 596 EP 614 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0150.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AG5XG UT WOS:000335491400009 ER PT J AU Kusaka, A Essinger-Hileman, T Appel, JW Gallardo, P Irwin, KD Jarosik, N Nolta, MR Page, LA Parker, LP Raghunathan, S Sievers, JL Simon, SM Staggs, ST Visnjic, K AF Kusaka, A. Essinger-Hileman, T. Appel, J. W. Gallardo, P. Irwin, K. D. Jarosik, N. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Parker, L. P. Raghunathan, S. Sievers, J. L. Simon, S. M. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, K. TI Modulation of cosmic microwave background polarization with a warm rapidly rotating half-wave plate on the Atacama B-Mode Search instrument SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID COSMOLOGY TELESCOPE; ANGULAR SCALE; GRAVITY-WAVES; POLARIMETRY; PROBE; RECEIVERS; DESIGN; MATRIX AB We evaluate the modulation of cosmic microwave background polarization using a rapidly rotating, half-wave plate (HWP) on the Atacama B-Mode Search. After demodulating the time-ordered-data (TOD), we find a significant reduction of atmospheric fluctuations. The demodulated TOD is stable on time scales of 500-1000 s, corresponding to frequencies of 1-2 mHz. This facilitates recovery of cosmological information at large angular scales, which are typically available only from balloon-borne or satellite experiments. This technique also achieves a sensitive measurement of celestial polarization without differencing the TOD of paired detectors sensitive to two orthogonal linear polarizations. This is the first demonstration of the ability to remove atmospheric contamination at these levels from a ground-based platform using a rapidly rotating HWP. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Kusaka, A.; Essinger-Hileman, T.; Appel, J. W.; Jarosik, N.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L. P.; Sievers, J. L.; Simon, S. M.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Essinger-Hileman, T.; Appel, J. W.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Gallardo, P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nolta, M. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Raghunathan, S.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, Santiago, Chile. [Sievers, J. L.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. RP Kusaka, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM essinger@pha.jhu.edu OI Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [PHY-0355328, PHY-085587]; U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08AE03G]; Wilkinson Fund; NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); Canada Foundation of Innovation under Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto; National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship; National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship; NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship; CONICYT [1122] FX Work at Princeton University is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards PHY-0355328 and PHY-085587, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through award NNX08AE03G, the Wilkinson Fund, and the Mishrahi Gift. Work at NIST is supported by the NIST Innovations in Measurement Science program. ABS operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). PWV measurements were provided by the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX). Some of the analyses were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation of Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto. We would like to acknowledge the following people for their assistance in the instrument design, construction, operation, and data analysis: G. Atkinson, J. Beall, F. Beroz, S. M. Cho, S. Choi, B. Dix, T. Evans, J. Fowler, M. Halpern, B. Harrop, M. Hasselfield, S. P. Ho, J. Hubmayr, T. Marriage, J. McMahon, M. Niemack, S. Pufu, M. Uehara, and K. W. Yoon. T. E.-H. was supported by a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate (NDSEG) Fellowship, as well as a National Science Foundation Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship. A. K. acknowledges the Dicke Fellowship. S. M. S. is supported by a NASA Office of the Chief Technologist's Space Technology Research Fellowship. L. P. P. acknowledges the NASA Earth and Space Sciences Fellowship. S. R. is in receipt of a CONICYT PhD studentship. S. R. received partial support from a CONICYT Anillo project (ACT No. 1122). NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 85 IS 2 AR 024501 DI 10.1063/1.4862058 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZG UT WOS:000335919900273 PM 24593374 ER PT J AU Nelson, CW Hati, A Howe, DA AF Nelson, C. W. Hati, A. Howe, D. A. TI A collapse of the cross-spectral function in phase noise metrology SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID AM NOISE; OSCILLATOR AB Cross-spectral analysis is a mathematical tool for extracting the power spectral density of a correlated signal from two time series in the presence of uncorrelated interfering signals. We demonstrate and explain a set of amplitude and phase conditions where the detection of the desired signal using cross-spectral analysis fails partially or entirely in the presence of a second uncorrelated signal. Not understanding when and how this effect occurs can lead to dramatic under-reporting of the desired signal. Theoretical, simulated and experimental demonstrations of this effect as well as mitigating methods are presented. C1 [Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nelson, CW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 85 IS 2 AR 024705 DI 10.1063/1.4865715 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZG UT WOS:000335919900280 PM 24593381 ER PT J AU Heffernan, JB Soranno, PA Angilletta, MJ Buckley, LB Gruner, DS Keitt, TH Kellner, JR Kominoski, JS Rocha, AV Xiao, JF Harms, TK Goring, SJ Koenig, LE McDowell, WH Powell, H Richardson, AD Stow, CA Vargas, R Weathers, KC AF Heffernan, James B. Soranno, Patricia A. Angilletta, Michael J., Jr. Buckley, Lauren B. Gruner, Daniel S. Keitt, Tim H. Kellner, James R. Kominoski, John S. Rocha, Adrian V. Xiao, Jingfeng Harms, Tamara K. Goring, Simon J. Koenig, Lauren E. McDowell, William H. Powell, Heather Richardson, Andrew D. Stow, Craig A. Vargas, Rodrigo Weathers, Kathleen C. TI Macrosystems ecology: understanding ecological patterns and processes at continental scales SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID MOUNTAIN PINE-BEETLE; GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; RANGE EXPANSION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; FOREST; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM AB Macrosystems ecology is the study of diverse ecological phenomena at the scale of regions to continents and their interactions with phenomena at other scales. This emerging subdiscipline addresses ecological questions and environmental problems at these broad scales. Here, we describe this new field, show how it relates to modern ecological study, and highlight opportunities that stem from taking a macrosystems perspective. We present a hierarchical framework for investigating macrosystems at any level of ecological organization and in relation to broader and finer scales. Building on well-established theory and concepts from other subdisciplines of ecology, we identify feedbacks, linkages among distant regions, and interactions that cross scales of space and time as the most likely sources of unexpected and novel behaviors in macrosystems. We present three examples that highlight the importance of this multiscaled systems perspective for understanding the ecology of regions to continents. C1 [Heffernan, James B.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Soranno, Patricia A.] Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Angilletta, Michael J., Jr.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Buckley, Lauren B.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Gruner, Daniel S.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Keitt, Tim H.] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Kellner, James R.] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Kominoski, John S.] Florida Int Univ, Miami, FL 33199 USA. [Rocha, Adrian V.] Univ Notre Dame, South Bend, IN USA. [Xiao, Jingfeng; Koenig, Lauren E.; McDowell, William H.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Harms, Tamara K.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Goring, Simon J.; Powell, Heather] NEON Inc, Boulder, CO USA. [Richardson, Andrew D.] Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Vargas, Rodrigo] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE USA. [Weathers, Kathleen C.] Cary Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY USA. RP Heffernan, JB (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM james.heffernan@duke.edu RI Gruner, Daniel/A-5166-2010; Richardson, Andrew/F-5691-2011; Heffernan, James/D-1261-2010; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Vargas, Rodrigo/C-4720-2008; OI Gruner, Daniel/0000-0002-3153-4297; Richardson, Andrew/0000-0002-0148-6714; Heffernan, James/0000-0001-7641-9949; McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Vargas, Rodrigo/0000-0001-6829-5333; Buckley, Lauren/0000-0003-1315-3818; Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Goring, Simon/0000-0002-2700-4605; Koenig, Lauren/0000-0002-7790-330X; Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 FU MacroSystems Biology program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate at NSF FX We thank participants at the March 2012 NSF-MacroSystems Biology PI meeting in Boulder, CO - in particular W Dodds, A Knapp, M Harmon, D Schimel, and E Rastetter - for discussions that led to this special issue. K Cheruvelil, W Dodds, A Knapp, P Leavitt, B Michener, K Thibault, M Fork, A Appling, C Clifford, and M Fuller provided comments on earlier drafts of the manuscript. We also thank H Gholz and L Blood (NSF) for helpful discussions. Support was provided by the MacroSystems Biology program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate at NSF. This paper is GLERL contribution number 1692. For author contributions, see WebPanel 1. NR 59 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 22 U2 137 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1890/130017 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG4DX UT WOS:000335370600002 ER PT J AU Soranno, PA Cheruvelil, KS Bissell, EG Bremigan, MT Downing, JA Fergus, CE Filstrup, CT Henry, EN Lottig, NR Stanley, EH Stow, CA Tan, PN Wagner, T Webster, KE AF Soranno, Patricia A. Cheruvelil, Kendra S. Bissell, Edward G. Bremigan, Mary T. Downing, John A. Fergus, Carol E. Filstrup, Christopher T. Henry, Emily N. Lottig, Noah R. Stanley, Emily H. Stow, Craig A. Tan, Pang-Ning Wagner, Tyler Webster, Katherine E. TI Cross-scale interactions: quantifying multiscaled cause-effect relationships in macrosystems SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article ID TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; SPATIAL SCALE; LAKES; LANDSCAPE; WATER; DRIVERS; SCIENCE; FOREST; CONSERVATION; BIODIVERSITY AB Ecologists are increasingly discovering that ecological processes are made up of components that are multi-scaled in space and time. Some of the most complex of these processes are cross-scale interactions (CSIs), which occur when components interact across scales. When undetected, such interactions may cause errors in extrapolation from one region to another. CSIs, particularly those that include a regional scaled component, have not been systematically investigated or even reported because of the challenges of acquiring data at sufficiently broad spatial extents. We present an approach for quantifying CSIs and apply it to a case study investigating one such interaction, between local and regional scaled land-use drivers of lake phosphorus. Ultimately, our approach for investigating CSIs can serve as a basis for efforts to understand a wide variety of multi-scaled problems such as climate change, land-use/land-cover change, and invasive species. C1 [Soranno, Patricia A.; Cheruvelil, Kendra S.; Bissell, Edward G.; Bremigan, Mary T.; Fergus, Carol E.; Henry, Emily N.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Cheruvelil, Kendra S.] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Downing, John A.; Filstrup, Christopher T.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Lottig, Noah R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol, Trout Lake Res Stn, Boulder Jct, WI USA. [Stanley, Emily H.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. [Tan, Pang-Ning] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Webster, Katherine E.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Dept Zool, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. RP Soranno, PA (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM soranno@anr.msu.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Webster, Katherine/0000-0002-6009-0146; Stanley, Emily/0000-0003-4922-8121; Soranno, Patricia/0000-0003-1668-9271 FU MacroSystems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate at the National Science Foundation [EF-1065786, EF-1065649, EF-1065818]; US Environmental Protection Agency National Lakes Assessment Planning Program; STRIVE grant from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland [2011-W-FS-7] FX We thank the MacroSystems Biology Program in the Emerging Frontiers Division of the Biological Sciences Directorate at the National Science Foundation (EF-1065786 to MSU, EF-1065649 to ISU, and EF-1065818 to UW) and the US Environmental Protection Agency National Lakes Assessment Planning Program for support, as well as the many dedicated state agency professionals who contributed to this lake database. KEW thanks STRIVE grant 2011-W-FS-7 from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland, for support. GLERL contribution number 1672. For author contributions, see WebPanel 1. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 7 U2 68 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1540-9295 EI 1540-9309 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 12 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1890/120366 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AG4DX UT WOS:000335370600009 ER PT J AU Garde, LA Spillman, CM Heron, SF Beeden, RJ AF Garde, L. A. Spillman, C. M. Heron, S. F. Beeden, R. J. TI Reef Temp Next Generation:A new operational system for monitoring reef thermal stress SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CORAL-REEFS; TEMPERATURE-MEASUREMENTS; FUTURE; PREDICTIONS AB The expected increase in the frequency of mass coral bleaching under climate change underlines the importance of thermal stress monitoring systems for coral reef management. ReefTemp Next Generation (RTNG) is a sophisticated remote sensing application designed to operationally monitor the ocean temperatures that can lead to coral bleaching across the Great Barrier Reef. Products are derived from state-of-the-art satellite data; and newly calculated climatologies and management thresholds for bleaching are presented. RTNG is a key component of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority's Early Warning System, which informs management action and response strategies. C1 [Garde, L. A.] Bur Meteorol, Natl Climate Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Spillman, C. M.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Heron, S. F.] NOAA, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Heron, S. F.] James Cook Univ, Sch Engn & Phys Sci, Dept Phys, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Beeden, R. J.] Great Barrier Reef Marine Pk Author, Climate Change Grp, Townsville, Qld, Australia. RP Garde, LA (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, Natl Climate Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RI Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; OI Spillman, Claire/0000-0003-0853-8190 FU eReefs/NPEI; Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy; Super Science initiative FX Funding was provided by eReefs/NPEI. Data were sourced from IMOS. IMOS is supported by the Australian Government through the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and the Super Science initiative. Raw HRPT AVHRR SST data was collected by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology in collaboration with Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) and CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research. NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 15 PU INST MARINE ENGINEERING, SCI & TECHNOL PI LONDON PA 80 COLEMAN ST, LONDON EC2R 5BJ, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X EI 1755-8778 J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 21 EP 33 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AG1VC UT WOS:000335203300003 ER PT J AU Djath, B Melet, A Verron, J Molines, JM Barnier, B Gourdeau, L Debreu, L AF Djath, B. Melet, A. Verron, J. Molines, J-M Barnier, B. Gourdeau, L. Debreu, Laurent TI A 1/36 degrees model of the Solomon Sea embedded into a global ocean model: On the setting up of an interactive open boundary nested model system SO JOURNAL OF OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; ASSIMILATION AB The implementation of a regional 1/36 degrees numerical model of a key sub region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean: the Solomon Sea is discussed.This model is two-way embedded into a 1/12 degrees resolution basin-scale model, itself one-way nested in a global 1/12 degrees resolution ocean model.The three main questions discussed in this study concern (i) the bathymetry, (ii) the setting up of adequate forcing functions, especially regarding the wind stress parameterization, and (iii) the strategy used to embed and conned the model configurations together Such a system, exemplified here for the Solomon Sea, represents a prototype of embedded model systems that are considered in operational oceanography. C1 [Djath, B.; Melet, A.; Verron, J.; Molines, J-M; Barnier, B.] UMR5183 CNRS UJF, LGGE, Grenoble, France. [Melet, A.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Gourdeau, L.] CNRS CNES IRD, UMR5566, LEGOS, Toulouse, France. [Debreu, Laurent] INRIA UJF, UMR5224, LJK, Grenoble, France. RP Djath, B (reprint author), UMR5183 CNRS UJF, LGGE, Grenoble, France. RI Debreu, Laurent/A-6394-2010; Barnier, Bernard/F-2400-2016 OI Barnier, Bernard/0000-0002-7539-2542 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); European Community [283367 (MyOcean2)] FX This work is supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) and by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). This work was granted access to HPC resources under the allocations x2012-010727 and x2013-010727 attributed by GENCI (Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif) to the DRAKKAR project, simulations being carried out at both the IDRIS and CINES supercomputer facilities. Research leading to these results also benefited from some support from the European Community's Seventh Program FP7/2007-2013 under Grant agreement 283367 (MyOcean2). The authors thank Henrick Berger for providing tools for the runoff computation. NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU INST MARINE ENGINEERING, SCI & TECHNOL PI LONDON PA 80 COLEMAN ST, LONDON EC2R 5BJ, ENGLAND SN 1755-876X EI 1755-8778 J9 J OPER OCEANOGR JI J. Oper. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 7 IS 1 BP 34 EP 46 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA AG1VC UT WOS:000335203300004 ER PT J AU Habtes, S Muller-Karger, FE Roffer, MA Lamkin, JT Muhling, BA AF Habtes, Sennai Muller-Karger, Frank E. Roffer, Mitchell A. Lamkin, John T. Muhling, Barbara A. TI A comparison of sampling methods for larvae of medium and large epipelagic fish species during spring SEAMAP ichthyoplankton surveys in the Gulf of Mexico SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID THUNNUS-THYNNUS LARVAE; BLUEFIN TUNA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; PLANKTON NETS; BONGO NETS; ATLANTIC; RETENTION; PATTERNS; GROWTH; OCEANOGRAPHY AB Annual ichthyoplankton surveys have been conducted in the Gulf of Mexico during spring since 1982 by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP). Historically, ichthyoplankton has been assessed using bongo and surface neuston nets. A new sampling gear, the S-10 net, was tested between 2009 and 2011. This is a 1 x 2 m frame fitted with a 0.505 mm mesh net, towed in a yo-yo fashion between the surface and 10 m. Sampling effectiveness of the three gears was compared by examining the abundance and length of larvae of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) and seven co-occurring pelagic taxa (Auxis spp., Euthynnus alleteratus, Coryphaena spp., Katsuwonus pelamis, other Thunnus spp., family Istiophoridae, and Xiphias gladius) and vertical distributions of scombrid taxa were examined using MOCNESS samples. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) of net type and time of sampling (day/night) indicated that net type was a significant factor in assessing abundance and length for all taxa. Highest abundances for seven of eight taxa were in S-10 samples, and MOCNESS samples confirm highest scombrid abundance between the surface and 20 m. Our results show sampling effectiveness strongly depends on the depth fished by the net and that the S-10 net was more effective than standard SEAMAP bongo and neuston nets. Thus, future sampling with the S-10 net may improve the annual index of larval abundance for the western population of Atlantic bluefin tuna, traditionally based on abundance from bongo samples. C1 [Habtes, Sennai; Muller-Karger, Frank E.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Roffer, Mitchell A.] ROFFS, Melbourne, FL 32904 USA. [Lamkin, John T.; Muhling, Barbara A.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Muhling, Barbara A.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Habtes, S (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM shabtes@mail.usf.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNX08AL06G, NNX11AP76G]; Florida Education Fund McKnight Doctoral Fellowship; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Minority Fellowship program; SCUBAnauts International Fellowship program FX Our most sincere gratitude is extended to the Polish Plankton Sorting and Identification Center in Szczecin and Gdynia, Poland, including M. Konieczna, L. Ejsymont, and W. Kalandyk, to the researchers from ECOSUR in Chetumal, Mexico, and to personnel from the NOAA NMFS SEFSC Early Life History Lab, who participated in cruises and sorted samples. SEAMAP data were used with permission of the NMFS Mississippi Laboratories, Pascagoula Facility. The authors acknowledge the support and assistance of Joanne Lyczkowski-Shultz, Andrew Millett, David Hanisko, Denice Drass, Glenn Zapfe, and other members of the Plankton Survey team at the NOAA-NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center in Pascagoula, Mississippi. We thank the captains and crew of all the NOAA ships that collected data on the SEAMAP spring ichthyoplankton cruises. This work was funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) grants NNX08AL06G and NNX11AP76G to Mitchell A. Roffer at ROFFS (TM). Support to S. Habtes was also provided by the Florida Education Fund McKnight Doctoral Fellowship, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Minority Fellowship program, and the SCUBAnauts International Fellowship program. NR 67 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 12 BP 86 EP 101 DI 10.4319/lom.2014.12.86 PG 16 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AE5IP UT WOS:000334021400003 ER PT J AU Van Houtan, KS Kittinger, JN AF Van Houtan, Kyle S. Kittinger, John N. TI Historical commercial exploitation and the current status of Hawaiian green turtles SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Historical ecology; Commercial fisheries; Wildlife harvests; Hunting; Ethnography ID SEA-TURTLES; FISH COMMUNITIES; FISHERIES; RECOVERY; ECOSYSTEMS; STOCK; CATCH; SUSTAINABILITY; DEPLETION; COLLAPSE AB Biodiversity conservation is often limited by short-term records of abundance, geographic distribution, and population dynamics. Historical information can provide a context for assessing current population status and defining recovery, especially for populations recovering from chronic human overexploitation. Here we analyze three decades (1948-1974) of commercial landings from a green turtle fishery in the Hawaiian Islands. Artisanal and commercial overharvesting drove the population to its listing under the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1978, but the population has since increased and its recovery is being debated. While this turtle fishery was small in scale - with a limited effort, productivity, and revenue - we find dramatic declines in catch per unit effort and a spatial progression that strongly suggest rapid local population depletion. Harvests initially targeted coastal areas near commercial markets but quickly shifted to exploit more remote areas, expanded effort, and increasingly relied on more extractive gears. Additional analyses of economic data, restaurant menus, and expert interviews indicate the fishery was driven by limited, local demand. The seemingly incommensurate scale of the fishery and its impacts reveal the Hawaiian green turtle population was already significantly depleted when commercial fishery began. We describe how historical studies can inform conservation management, including population assessments. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Van Houtan, Kyle S.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Kittinger, John N.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. RP Van Houtan, KS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1000, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM kyle.vanhoutan@gmail.com OI Van Houtan, Kyle/0000-0001-5725-1773 NR 62 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 49 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 170 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.11.011 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AA UT WOS:000333774500004 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Feingold, G Jacobson, AR Loeb, N AF Seidel, Dian J. Feingold, Graham Jacobson, Andrew R. Loeb, Norman TI Detection limits of albedo changes induced by climate engineering SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID RADIATION BUDGET; ATMOSPHERE; TOP; DYNAMICS AB A key question surrounding proposals for climate engineering by increasing Earth's reflection of sunlight is the feasibility of detecting engineered albedo increases from short-duration experiments or prolonged implementation of solar-radiation management. We show that satellite observations permit detection of large increases, but interannual variability overwhelms the maximum conceivable albedo increases for some schemes. Detection of an abrupt global average albedo increase <0.002 (comparable to a similar to 0.7 W m(-2) reduction in radiative forcing) would be unlikely within a year, given a five-year prior record. A three-month experiment in the equatorial zone (5 degrees N-5 degrees S), a potential target for stratospheric aerosol injection, would need to cause an similar to 0.03 albedo increase, three times larger than that due to the Mount Pinatubo eruption, to be detected. Detection limits for three-month experiments in 1 degrees (latitude and longitude) regions of the subtropical Pacific, possible targets for cloud brightening, are similar to 0.2, which is larger than might be expected from some model simulations. C1 [Seidel, Dian J.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, NCWCP, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div R CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jacobson, Andrew R.] Univ Colorado, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Loeb, Norman] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R ARL, NCWCP, Room 4251,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 4 IS 2 BP 93 EP 98 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2076 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE0PD UT WOS:000333667300011 ER PT J AU Cai, WJ Borlace, S Lengaigne, M van Rensch, P Collins, M Vecchi, G Timmermann, A Santoso, A McPhaden, MJ Wu, LX England, MH Wang, GJ Guilyardi, E Jin, FF AF Cai, Wenju Borlace, Simon Lengaigne, Matthieu van Rensch, Peter Collins, Mat Vecchi, Gabriel Timmermann, Axel Santoso, Agus McPhaden, Michael J. Wu, Lixin England, Matthew H. Wang, Guojian Guilyardi, Eric Jin, Fei-Fei TI Increasing frequency of extreme El Nino events due to greenhouse warming SO NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE; CIRCULATION; IMPACT AB El Nino events are a prominent feature of climate variability with global climatic impacts. The 1997/98 episode, often referred to as 'the climate event of the twentieth century'(1,2), and the 1982/83 extreme El Nino(3), featured a pronounced eastward extension of the west Pacific warm pool and development of atmospheric convection, and hence a huge rainfall increase, in the usually cold and dry equatorial eastern Pacific. Such a massive reorganization of atmospheric convection, which we define as an extreme El Nino, severely disrupted global weather patterns, affecting ecosystems(4,5), agriculture(6), tropical cyclones, drought, bushfires, floods and other extreme weather events worldwide(3,7-9). Potential future changes in such extreme El Nino occurrences could have profound socio-economic consequences. Here we present climate modelling evidence for a doubling in the occurrences in the future in response to greenhouse warming. We estimate the change by aggregating results from climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 3 (CMIP3; ref. 10) and 5 (CMIP5; ref. 11) multi-model databases, and a perturbed physics ensemble(12). The increased frequency arises from a projected surface warming over the eastern equatorial Pacific that occurs faster than in the surrounding ocean waters(13,14), facilitating more occurrences of atmospheric convection in the eastern equatorial region. C1 [Cai, Wenju; Borlace, Simon; van Rensch, Peter; Wang, Guojian] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Cai, Wenju; Wu, Lixin; Wang, Guojian] Ocean Univ China, Qingdao Collaborat Innovat Ctr Marine Sci & Techn, Phys Oceanog Lab, Qingdao 266003, Peoples R China. [Lengaigne, Matthieu; Guilyardi, Eric] IRD UPMC CNRS MNHN, LOCEAN, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Collins, Mat] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Vecchi, Gabriel] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Timmermann, Axel] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Oceanog, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Santoso, Agus; England, Matthew H.] Univ New S Wales, ARC, Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Guilyardi, Eric] Univ Reading, NCAS Climate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Jin, Fei-Fei] Univ Hawaii, Dept Meteorol, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Cai, WJ (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM Wenju.Cai@csiro.au RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Cai, Wenju/C-2864-2012; Guilyardi, Eric/D-4868-2011; Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Lengaigne, Matthieu/M-8321-2014; Collins, Matthew/F-8473-2011; Santoso, Agus/J-7350-2012; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Guilyardi, Eric/0000-0002-2255-8625; Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Lengaigne, Matthieu/0000-0002-0044-036X; Collins, Matthew/0000-0003-3785-6008; Santoso, Agus/0000-0001-7749-8124; FU Australian Climate Change Science Program; Goyder Research Institute; CSIRO Office of Chief Executive Science Leader award; Pacific Australia Climate Change Science Adaptation Programme; NOAA; NERC SAPRISE project [NE/I022841/1]; NSF [1049219]; ARC Laureate Fellowship scheme [FL100100214]; China National Natural Science Foundation Key Project [41130859]; Agence Nationale pour la Recherche [ANR-10-Blanc-616 METRO] FX W.C., S. B. and P. v. R. are supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program. W. C. is also supported by Goyder Research Institute, the CSIRO Office of Chief Executive Science Leader award, and Pacific Australia Climate Change Science Adaptation Programme. M.J.M. is supported by NOAA; PMEL contribution 4049. M. C. is supported by the NERC SAPRISE project (NE/I022841/1); A. T. is supported by NSF grant number 1049219; M. H. E. and A. S., by a grant under the ARC Laureate Fellowship scheme (FL100100214); L. W. by China National Natural Science Foundation Key Project(41130859); and E. G. by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche projects ANR-10-Blanc-616 METRO. NR 30 TC 216 Z9 221 U1 59 U2 305 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1758-678X EI 1758-6798 J9 NAT CLIM CHANGE JI Nat. Clim. Chang. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 4 IS 2 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1038/NCLIMATE2100 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE0PD UT WOS:000333667300014 ER PT J AU Golding, J Steer, CD Lowery, T Hibbeln, JR AF Golding, Jean Steer, Colin D. Lowery, Tony Hibbeln, Joseph R. TI ALSPAC Mercury Study and Fish Consumers: Golding et al. Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID UK TOTAL DIET; CONSUMPTION; EXPOSURE; COHORT C1 [Golding, Jean; Steer, Colin D.] Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Bristol, Avon, England. [Lowery, Tony] NOAA, Natl Seafood Inspect Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS USA. [Hibbeln, Joseph R.] NIAAA, NIH, US Dept HHS, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Golding, J (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth, Bristol, Avon, England. EM jean.golding@bristol.ac.uk NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 122 IS 2 BP A38 EP A39 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA AC6QY UT WOS:000332650500003 PM 24486699 ER PT J AU Lim, SH Imtiaz, A Wallis, TM Russek, S Kabos, P Cai, LF Chudnovsky, EM AF Lim, Sang-Hyun Imtiaz, Atif Wallis, T. Mitch Russek, Stephen Kabos, Pavel Cai, Liufei Chudnovsky, Eugene M. TI Magneto-mechanical investigation of spin dynamics in magnetic multilayers SO EPL LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE AB The Einstein-de Haas effect is used to study experimentally the interfacial spin transport in a bilayer metallic system. Specifically, mechanical torque on a permalloy film interfaced with a non-magnetic metallic film (platinum or copper), deposited on a microcantilever, is measured. The torque is generated by the transfer of the spin angular momentum from the permalloy film to the mechanical angular momentum of the cantilever. Measurement of the cantilever deflection shows that the presence of a thin non-magnetic metallic layer with strong spin-orbit interaction (platinum) changes the interfacial spin transport and causes a dramatic reduction of the mechanical torque. The observed behavior of the cantilever is attributed to the increased effective damping of the domain wall motion in the permalloy layer. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014 C1 [Lim, Sang-Hyun; Imtiaz, Atif; Wallis, T. Mitch; Russek, Stephen; Kabos, Pavel] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cai, Liufei; Chudnovsky, Eugene M.] CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Dept Phys, Bronx, NY 10468 USA. RP Lim, SH (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU NSF [DMR-1161571] FX We thank Justin Shaw (NIST, Boulder, CO) for providing the MFM image. The work of L. Cai and E. M. Chudnovsky has been supported by the NSF grant No. DMR-1161571. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 18 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 EI 1286-4854 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD FEB PY 2014 VL 105 IS 3 AR 37009 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/105/37009 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AC8FO UT WOS:000332769100029 ER PT J AU Sutton, AJ Feely, RA Sabine, CL McPhaden, MJ Takahashi, T Chavez, FP Friederich, GE Mathis, JT AF Sutton, Adrienne J. Feely, Richard A. Sabine, Christopher L. McPhaden, Michael J. Takahashi, Taro Chavez, Francisco P. Friederich, Gernot E. Mathis, Jeremy T. TI Natural variability and anthropogenic change in equatorial Pacific surface ocean pCO(2) and pH SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE ENSO; El Nino; climate change; CO2; ocean acidification ID TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CO2 DISTRIBUTIONS; NORTH PACIFIC; TIME-SERIES; CORAL-REEFS AB The equatorial Pacific is a dynamic region that plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. This region is the largest oceanic source of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere, which varies interannually dependent on the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other climatic and oceanic drivers. We present high-resolution observations of surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) at four fixed locations in the Nino 3.4 area with data sets encompassing 10 ENSO warm and cold events from 1997 to 2011. The mooring observations confirm that ENSO controls much of the interannual variability in surface seawater pCO(2) with values ranging from 315 to 578 mu atm. The mooring time series also capture the temporal variability necessary to make the first estimates of long-term pH trends in the equatorial Pacific, which suggests that the combination of ocean acidification and decadal variability creates conditions for high rates of pH change since the beginning of the mooring record. Anthropogenic CO2 increases play a dominant role in significant observed seawater pCO(2) trends of +2.3 to +3.3 mu atm yr(-1) and pH trends of -0.0018 to -0.0026 yr(-1) across the full time series in this region. However, increased upwelling driven by increased trade winds, a shallower thermocline, and increased frequency of La Nina events also contribute an average of 40% of the observed trends since 1998. These trends are higher than previous estimates based on underway observations and suggest that the equatorial Pacific is contributing a greater amount of CO2 to the atmospheric CO2 inventory over the last decade. C1 [Sutton, Adrienne J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sutton, Adrienne J.; Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.; McPhaden, Michael J.; Mathis, Jeremy T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Takahashi, Taro] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Chavez, Francisco P.; Friederich, Gernot E.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA USA. RP Sutton, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM adrienne.sutton@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015 OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035 FU NOAA Office of Climate Observation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation FX This work was funded by the NOAA Office of Climate Observation. Early efforts in MAPCO2 development and the 0 degrees, 155 degrees W time series were led by MBARI researchers with support from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. We gratefully acknowledge the National Data Buoy Center and TAO Program for logistical support to maintain the pCO2 time series and whose work allows critical leveraging of assets for interdisciplinary oceanographic research. Finally, the current network of pCO2 moorings in the equatorial Pacific would not be possible without the exemplary efforts of PMEL scientific, technical, and engineering staff, especially Stacy Maenner-Jones and Cathy Cosca. PMEL contribution 4019 and JISAO contribution 2181. NR 77 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2014 VL 28 IS 2 BP 131 EP 145 DI 10.1002/2013GB004679 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD1SP UT WOS:000333014200005 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Worthy, DEJ Michalak, AM Wofsy, SC Kort, EA Havice, TC Andrews, AE Dlugokencky, EJ Kaplan, JO Levi, PJ Tian, HQ Zhang, BW AF Miller, Scot M. Worthy, Doug E. J. Michalak, Anna M. Wofsy, Steven C. Kort, Eric A. Havice, Talya C. Andrews, Arlyn E. Dlugokencky, Edward J. Kaplan, Jed O. Levi, Patricia J. Tian, Hanqin Zhang, Bowen TI Observational constraints on the distribution, seasonality, and environmental predictors of North American boreal methane emissions SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE Methane fluxes; boreal wetlands; geostatistical inverse model ID GEOSTATISTICAL APPROACH; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; PERMAFROST CARBON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; STILT MODEL; WETLANDS; FLUXES; CH4; BIOGEOCHEMISTRY AB Wetlands comprise the single largest global source of atmospheric methane, but current flux estimates disagree in both magnitude and distribution at the continental scale. This study uses atmospheric methane observations over North America from 2007 to 2008 and a geostatistical inverse model to improve understanding of Canadian methane fluxes and associated biogeochemical models. The results bridge an existing gap between traditional top-down, inversion studies, which typically emphasize total emission budgets, and biogeochemical models, which usually emphasize environmental processes. The conclusions of this study are threefold. First, the most complete process-based methane models do not always describe available atmospheric methane observations better than simple models. In this study, a relatively simple model of wetland distribution, soil moisture, and soil temperature outperformed more complex model formulations. Second, we find that wetland methane fluxes have a broader spatial distribution across western Canada and into the northern U.S. than represented in existing flux models. Finally, we calculate total methane budgets for Canada and for the Hudson Bay Lowlands, a large wetland region (50-60 degrees N, 75-96 degrees W). Over these lowlands, we find total methane fluxes of 1.80.24 Tg C yr(-1), a number in the midrange of previous estimates. Our total Canadian methane budget of 16.01.2 Tg C yr(-1) is larger than existing inventories, primarily due to high anthropogenic emissions in Alberta. However, methane observations are sparse in western Canada, and additional measurements over Alberta will constrain anthropogenic sources in that province with greater confidence. C1 [Miller, Scot M.; Wofsy, Steven C.; Havice, Talya C.; Levi, Patricia J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Worthy, Doug E. J.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Michalak, Anna M.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA USA. [Kort, Eric A.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Andrews, Arlyn E.; Dlugokencky, Edward J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kaplan, Jed O.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Environm Engn Inst, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Tian, Hanqin; Zhang, Bowen] Auburn Univ, Sch Forestry & Wildlife Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM smiller@fas.harvard.edu RI Kort, Eric/F-9942-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Tian, Hanqin/A-6484-2012; Kaplan, Jed/P-1796-2015; OI Kort, Eric/0000-0003-4940-7541; Tian, Hanqin/0000-0002-1806-4091; Kaplan, Jed/0000-0001-9919-7613; Zhang, Bowen/0000-0002-8370-0509 FU American Meteorological Society Graduate Student Fellowship/DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program; DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program; NASA [NNX08AR47G, NNX11AG47G]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310122, NA11OAR4310158]; NSF [ATM-0628575]; Environmental Defense Fund [0146-10100]; Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program; Carbon Cycle Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was supported by the American Meteorological Society Graduate Student Fellowship/DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, the DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship, and the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. We thank Thomas Nehrkorn and Janusz Eluszkiewicz for their help with the WRF meteorology and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division for their computing support. We further thank Catherine Prigent for providing GIEMS data. Support for this research was provided by NASA grants NNX08AR47G and NNX11AG47G, NOAA grants NA09OAR4310122 and NA11OAR4310158, NSF grant ATM-0628575, and Environmental Defense Fund grant 0146-10100. NOAA measurements were funded in part by the Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program and the Carbon Cycle Program of NOAA's Climate Program Office. NR 59 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 63 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2014 VL 28 IS 2 BP 146 EP 160 DI 10.1002/2013GB004580 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD1SP UT WOS:000333014200006 ER PT J AU Berkelhammer, M Asaf, D Still, C Montzka, S Noone, D Gupta, M Provencal, R Chen, H Yakir, D AF Berkelhammer, M. Asaf, D. Still, C. Montzka, S. Noone, D. Gupta, M. Provencal, R. Chen, H. Yakir, D. TI Constraining surface carbon fluxes using in situ measurements of carbonyl sulfide and carbon dioxide SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbonyl sulfide; carbon budget; surface fluxes; instrument development; laser absorption spectrometry ID TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; GLOBAL BUDGET; EXCHANGE; FOREST; SOIL; WATER; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TRANSPIRATION AB Understanding the processes that control the terrestrial exchange of carbon is critical for assessing atmospheric CO2 budgets. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is taken up by vegetation during photosynthesis following a pathway that mirrors CO2 but has a small or nonexistent emission component, providing a possible tracer for gross primary production. Field measurements of COS and CO2 mixing ratios were made in forest, senescent grassland, and riparian ecosystems using a laser absorption spectrometer installed in a mobile trailer. Measurements of leaf fluxes with a branch-bag gas-exchange system were made across species from 10 genera of trees, and soil fluxes were measured with a flow-through chamber. These data show (1) the existence of a narrow normalized daytime uptake ratio of COS to CO2 across vascular plant species of 1.7, providing critical information for the application of COS to estimate photosynthetic CO2 fluxes and (2) a temperature-dependent normalized uptake ratio of COS to CO2 from soils. Significant nighttime uptake of COS was observed in broad-leafed species and revealed active stomatal opening prior to sunrise. Continuous high-resolution joint measurements of COS and CO2 concentrations in the boundary layer are used here alongside the flux measurements to partition the influence that leaf and soil fluxes and entrainment of air from above have on the surface carbon budget. The results provide a number of critical constraints on the processes that control surface COS exchange, which can be used to diagnose the robustness of global models that are beginning to use COS to constrain terrestrial carbon exchange. C1 [Berkelhammer, M.; Noone, D.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Asaf, D.; Yakir, D.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci & Energy Res, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Still, C.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Montzka, S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Gupta, M.; Provencal, R.] Los Gatos Res Inc, Mountain View, CA USA. [Chen, H.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Chen, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Berkelhammer, M (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. EM berkelha@uic.edu RI Yakir, Dan/K-1500-2012; Chen, Huilin/J-9479-2012; OI Chen, Huilin/0000-0002-1573-6673; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Innovative Research Program; NSF [AGS-0955841]; CIRES Visiting Fellows Program; Israeli Science Foundation; NASA [NNX12CD21P] FX Support for the work was from the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences Innovative Research Program and NSF AGS-0955841 to D.N. D.Y. contributed through support from the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program. D.A. was supported through a postdoctoral fellowship from the Israeli Science Foundation. Assistance at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory site was provided from Dan Wolfe (CIRES) and Jonathan Kofler (NOAA). Support at the Greenhouse site was provided by Thomas J. Lemieux (CU) and Janice Harvey (CU). Support at the Mountain Research Station was provided by K. Matheson and W. Bowman. Niwot Ridge climate data were provided by S. Burns and radiation data for GH were made available through the NSF-supported University of Colorado Skywatch Observatory. Peter Harley (NCAR) is acknowledged for design and assistance with the branch bag. LGR would like to acknowledge funding from NASA through the Small Business Innovation Program grant NNX12CD21P. We would also like to acknowledge two anonymous reviewers for critical and thorough discussion on the manuscript through the review process. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB PY 2014 VL 28 IS 2 BP 161 EP 179 DI 10.1002/2013GB004644 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD1SP UT WOS:000333014200007 ER PT J AU Bryce, R Kuhn, R AF Bryce, Renee Kuhn, Rick TI Software Testing SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bryce, Renee] Univ N Texas, Dept Comp Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Kuhn, Rick] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Bryce, R (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Comp Sci, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM renee.bryce@unt.edu; kuhn@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD FEB PY 2014 VL 47 IS 2 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AC8DD UT WOS:000332762300012 ER PT J AU Vassilev, A Hall, TA AF Vassilev, Apostol Hall, Timothy A. TI The Importance of Entropy to Information Security SO COMPUTER LA English DT Article AB True randomness can't be left to chance. Adopting improved entropy sources that feed into good deterministic random bit generators, together with rigorous estimation of available entropy, will help achieve the guarantees promised by cryptography to protect sensitive information. C1 [Vassilev, Apostol; Hall, Timothy A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vassilev, A (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM apostol.vassilev@nist.gov; tim.hall@nist.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 EI 1558-0814 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD FEB PY 2014 VL 47 IS 2 BP 78 EP 81 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA AC8DD UT WOS:000332762300023 ER PT J AU Domanski, PA Brown, JS Heo, J Wojtusiak, J McLinden, MO AF Domanski, Piotr A. Brown, J. Steven Heo, Jaehyeok Wojtusiak, Janusz McLinden, Mark O. TI A thermodynamic analysis of refrigerants: Performance limits of the vapor compression cycle SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE Coefficient of performance; Evolutionary algorithm; Refrigerant; Vapor compression cycle AB This paper explores the thermodynamic performance limits of the vapor compression cycle. We have applied evolutionary algorithms to explore the performance of hypothetical refrigerants defined by the thermodynamic parameters used by the extended corresponding states model for fluid properties. We identified optimal values of these parameters required to reach the performance limits. The study confirmed the fundamental trade-off between the coefficient of performance (COP) and volumetric capacity, and indicated refrigerant critical temperature as the dominant parameter influencing the tradeoff. Thermodynamic performance limits depend on the operating conditions and the cycle design. These limits are represented by Pareto fronts developed for the objective functions COP and volumetric capacity. As expected, the performance of current refrigerants falls below the Pareto front limits. We demonstrate that for practical cycles the developed methodology and resulting Pareto fronts are more realistic benchmarks for the performance potentials of refrigerants than is COP alone, which is an efficiency only metric. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Domanski, Piotr A.; Heo, Jaehyeok] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, J. Steven] Catholic Univ Amer, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Wojtusiak, Janusz] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [McLinden, Mark O.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Domanski, PA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM piotr.domanski@nist.gov RI Brown, J. Steven/F-9841-2011 OI Brown, J. Steven/0000-0003-4914-7778 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE002057] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under contract no. DE-EE002057 with A. Bouza and B. Habibzadeh serving as Project Managers. We also thank our collaborators J. Filliben and A. Pintar of the NIST Statistical Engineering Division. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 EI 1879-2081 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD FEB PY 2014 VL 38 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.09.036 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA AC8RX UT WOS:000332803600008 ER PT J AU McLinden, MO Kazakov, AF Brown, JS Domanski, PA AF McLinden, Mark O. Kazakov, Andrei F. Brown, J. Steven Domanski, Piotr A. TI A thermodynamic analysis of refrigerants: Possibilities and tradeoffs for Low-GWP refrigerants SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE Global warming potential; Low GWP refrigerant; Thermodynamic properties; Vapor compression cycle AB We explore the possibilities for refrigerants having low global warming potential (GWP). A set of about 1200 candidate fluids is identified from more than 56 000 small molecules examined by applying screening criteria to estimates for GWP, flammability, stability, toxicity, and critical temperature. Methodologies for this screening have been presented in earlier works and are summarized here. The fluids with critical temperatures between 300 K and 400 K (i.e., those that could be used in current types of equipment with minor modifications) number 62. The fluids include halogenated olefins; compounds containing oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur; as well as carbon dioxide. We discuss the tradeoffs presented by these 62 candidates, considering their thermodynamic properties and their stability and toxicity characteristics. No fluid is ideal in all regards all have one or more negative attributes: poor thermodynamic properties, toxicity, chemical instability, low to moderate flammability, or very high operating pressures. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [McLinden, Mark O.; Kazakov, Andrei F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brown, J. Steven] Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Mech Engn, Washington, DC 20064 USA. [Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, Div Energy & Environm, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McLinden, MO (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM markm@boulder.nist.gov RI Brown, J. Steven/F-9841-2011 OI Brown, J. Steven/0000-0003-4914-7778 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [DE-EE002057] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy under contract no. DE-EE002057 with A. Bouza and B. Habibzadeh serving as Project Managers. The sponsor was not involved in the study design, nor the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data. We also thank our NIST colleague J. Widegren for helpful discussions. NR 47 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 EI 1879-2081 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD FEB PY 2014 VL 38 BP 80 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2013.09.032 PG 13 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA AC8RX UT WOS:000332803600009 ER PT J AU Hoffman, FM Randerson, JT Arora, VK Bao, Q Cadule, P Ji, D Jones, CD Kawamiya, M Khatiwala, S Lindsay, K Obata, A Shevliakova, E Six, KD Tjiputra, JF Volodin, EM Wu, T AF Hoffman, F. M. Randerson, J. T. Arora, V. K. Bao, Q. Cadule, P. Ji, D. Jones, C. D. Kawamiya, M. Khatiwala, S. Lindsay, K. Obata, A. Shevliakova, E. Six, K. D. Tjiputra, J. F. Volodin, E. M. Wu, T. TI Causes and implications of persistent atmospheric carbon dioxide biases in Earth System Models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC); greenhouse gases; terrestrial and oceanic carbon sinks; climate-carbon cycle feedbacks; climate warming; uncertainty quantification ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; COUPLED MODEL; TROPICAL CARBON; LAND BIOSPHERE; VERSION 2; EMISSIONS AB The strength of feedbacks between a changing climate and future CO2 concentrations is uncertain and difficult to predict using Earth System Models (ESMs). We analyzed emission-driven simulationsin which atmospheric CO(2)levels were computed prognosticallyfor historical (1850-2005) and future periods (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)8.5 for 2006-2100) produced by 15 ESMs for the Fifth Phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Comparison of ESM prognostic atmospheric CO2 over the historical period with observations indicated that ESMs, on average, had a small positive bias in predictions of contemporary atmospheric CO2. Weak ocean carbon uptake in many ESMs contributed to this bias, based on comparisons with observations of ocean and atmospheric anthropogenic carbon inventories. We found a significant linear relationship between contemporary atmospheric CO2 biases and future CO(2)levels for the multimodel ensemble. We used this relationship to create a contemporary CO2 tuned model (CCTM) estimate of the atmospheric CO2 trajectory for the 21st century. The CCTM yielded CO(2)estimates of 60014ppm at 2060 and 94735ppm at 2100, which were 21ppm and 32ppm below the multimodel mean during these two time periods. Using this emergent constraint approach, the likely ranges of future atmospheric CO2, CO2-induced radiative forcing, and CO2-induced temperature increases for the RCP8.5 scenario were considerably narrowed compared to estimates from the full ESM ensemble. Our analysis provided evidence that much of the model-to-model variation in projected CO2 during the 21st century was tied to biases that existed during the observational era and that model differences in the representation of concentration-carbon feedbacks and other slowly changing carbon cycle processes appear to be the primary driver of this variability. By improving models to more closely match the long-term time series of CO(2)from Mauna Loa, our analysis suggests that uncertainties in future climate projections can be reduced. Key Points We analyzed emission-driven simulations from 15 Earth System Models (ESMs) Most ESMs had a small positive bias in contemporary atmospheric CO2 predictions We used a linear relationship to create a trajectory of future atmospheric CO2 C1 [Hoffman, F. M.; Randerson, J. T.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Hoffman, F. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Climate Change Sci Inst, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Hoffman, F. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Earth Sci Grp, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Arora, V. K.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Canadian Ctr Climate Modeling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Bao, Q.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, State Key Lab Numer Modeling Atmospher Sci & Geop, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Cadule, P.] Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Ji, D.] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Global Change & Earth Syst Sci, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Jones, C. D.] Hadley Ctr, UK Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Kawamiya, M.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Res Inst Global Change, Kanagawa, Japan. [Khatiwala, S.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Lindsay, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Obata, A.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Ibaraki, Japan. [Shevliakova, E.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Six, K. D.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Tjiputra, J. F.] Uni Res, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Volodin, E. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Numer Math, Moscow, Russia. [Wu, T.] China Meteorol Adm, Beijing Climate Ctr, Climate Syst Modeling Div, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Hoffman, FM (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM forrest@climatemodeling.org RI Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014; Bao, Qing/A-7765-2012; Hoffman, Forrest/B-8667-2012; Jones, Chris/I-2983-2014; OI Hoffman, Forrest/0000-0001-5802-4134; Tjiputra, Jerry/0000-0002-4600-2453 FU Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program in the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science; National Science Foundation [AGS-1048890]; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Center Climate Program [GA01101] FX The authors wish to thank R. J. Stouffer for his thoughtful comments on an early draft of the paper, which lead to improvements in the discussion of our results. In addition, the authors gratefully acknowledge the careful reviews of T. A. Boden, R. J. Norby, and S. Denning. This research was sponsored by the Climate and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD) of the Biological and Environmental Research (BER) Program in the U. S. Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Science Foundation (AGS-1048890). This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences (NCCS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), which is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC, for the U. S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. CDJ was supported by the Joint DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Center Climate Program (GA01101). This is a contribution to the BIOFEEDBACK project of the Center for Climate Dynamics (SKD) at the Bjerknes Center for Climate Research. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Program's Working Group on Coupled Modeling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups (listed in Table1 of this paper) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the U. S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. NR 101 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 62 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-8953 EI 2169-8961 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 141 EP 162 DI 10.1002/2013JG002381 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA AD4SU UT WOS:000333241600002 ER PT J AU Dhital, C Hogan, T Zhou, WW Chen, X Ren, ZS Pokharel, M Okada, Y Heine, M Tian, W Yamani, Z Opeil, C Helton, JS Lynn, JW Wang, ZQ Madhavan, V Wilson, SD AF Dhital, Chetan Hogan, Tom Zhou, Wenwen Chen, Xiang Ren, Zhensong Pokharel, Mani Okada, Yoshinori Heine, M. Tian, Wei Yamani, Z. Opeil, C. Helton, J. S. Lynn, J. W. Wang, Ziqiang Madhavan, Vidya Wilson, Stephen D. TI Carrier localization and electronic phase separation in a doped spin-orbit-driven Mott phase in Sr-3(Ir1-xRux)(2)O-7 SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID MANGANITES; SR3RU2O7; SR2IRO4; CRYSTAL; STATE AB Interest in many strongly spin-orbit-coupled 5d-transition metal oxide insulators stems from mapping their electronic structures to a J(eff) = 1/2 Mott phase. One of the hopes is to establish their Mott parent states and explore these systems' potential of realizing novel electronic states upon carrier doping. However, once doped, little is understood regarding the role of their reduced Coulomb interaction U relative to their strongly correlated 3d-electron cousins. Here we show that, upon hole-doping a candidate J(eff) = 1/2 Mott insulator, carriers remain localized within a nanoscale phase-separated ground state. A percolative metal-insulator transition occurs with interplay between localized and itinerant regions, stabilizing an anti-ferromagnetic metallic phase beyond the critical region. Our results demonstrate a surprising parallel between doped 5d- and 3d-electron Mott systems and suggest either through the near-degeneracy of nearby electronic phases or direct carrier localization that U is essential to the carrier response of this doped spin-orbit Mott insulator. C1 [Dhital, Chetan; Hogan, Tom; Zhou, Wenwen; Chen, Xiang; Ren, Zhensong; Pokharel, Mani; Okada, Yoshinori; Heine, M.; Opeil, C.; Wang, Ziqiang; Madhavan, Vidya; Wilson, Stephen D.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. [Tian, Wei] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Yamani, Z.] CNR, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. [Helton, J. S.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wilson, SD (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM stephen.wilson@bc.edu RI yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012; Okada, Yoshinori/A-1731-2014; Zhou, Wenwen/K-9854-2016; Dhital, Chetan/O-5634-2016; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013 OI Dhital, Chetan/0000-0001-8125-6048; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187 FU NSF CAREER-Award [DMR-1056625]; DOE [DE-SC0002554]; NSF [DMR-1305647]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE FX The work at Boston College was supported by NSF CAREER-Award DMR-1056625 (S.D.W), DOE DE-SC0002554 (Z.W.) and NSF DMR-1305647 (V.M.). The work at the ORNLs High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, US DOE. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 32 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 64 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3377 DI 10.1038/ncomms4377 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC6XT UT WOS:000332670400003 PM 24566714 ER PT J AU Thorson, JT Ono, K Munch, SB AF Thorson, James T. Ono, Kotaro Munch, Stephan B. TI A Bayesian approach to identifying and compensating for model misspecification in population models SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian models; Gaussian process; model misspecification; population dynamics model; semiparametric models; state-space models ID REFERENCE POINTS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; DYNAMICS; ERROR; RECRUITMENT; MANAGEMENT; FRAMEWORK; FISHERIES; SELECTION; PRIORS AB State-space estimation methods are increasingly used in ecology to estimate productivity and abundance of natural populations while accounting for variability in both population dynamics and measurement processes. However, functional forms for population dynamics and density dependence often will not match the true biological process, and this may degrade the performance of state-space methods. We therefore developed a Bayesian semiparametric state-space model, which uses a Gaussian process (GP) to approximate the population growth function. This offers two benefits for population modeling. First, it allows data to update a specified prior on the population growth function, while reverting to this prior when data are uninformative. Second, it allows variability in population dynamics to be decomposed into random errors around the population growth function (process error) and errors due to the mismatch between the specified prior and estimated growth function (model error). We used simulation modeling to illustrate the utility of GP methods in state-space population dynamics models. Results confirmed that the GP model performs similarly to a conventional state-space model when either (1) the prior matches the true process or (2) data are relatively uninformative. However, GP methods improve estimates of the population growth function when the function is misspecified. Results also demonstrated that the estimated magnitude of model error can be used to distinguish cases of model misspecification. We conclude with a discussion of the prospects for GP methods in other state-space models, including age and length-structured, meta-analytic, and individual-movement models. C1 [Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ono, Kotaro] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Munch, Stephan B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Thorson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Resource Assessment & Monitoring Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM James.Thorson@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 FU "Modeling species response to environmental change: development of integrated, scalable Bayesian models of population persistence" working group; John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis; U.S. Geological Survey; NMFS [NA10OAR4320148] FX This work was supported in part by the "Modeling species response to environmental change: development of integrated, scalable Bayesian models of population persistence" working group supported by the John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis, funded by the U.S. Geological Survey, which J. Thorson and S. Munch attended. K. Ono acknowledges funding from NMFS grant NA10OAR4320148. The manuscript was improved by editorial suggestions by J. Samhouri and two anonymous reviewers. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD FEB PY 2014 VL 95 IS 2 BP 329 EP 341 DI 10.1890/13-0187.1 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9RB UT WOS:000331429500008 PM 24669727 ER PT J AU Bangen, SG Wheaton, JM Bouwes, N Bouwes, B Jordan, C AF Bangen, Sara G. Wheaton, Joseph M. Bouwes, Nicolaas Bouwes, Boyd Jordan, Chris TI A methodological intercomparison of topographic survey techniques for characterizing wadeable streams and rivers SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE DEM; Channel topography; Precision; Total station; rtkGPS; Laser scanning ID DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS; HIGH-SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; STRUCTURE-FROM-MOTION; GRAVEL-BED RIVER; FLUVIAL GEOMORPHOLOGY; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGE; CHANNEL TOPOGRAPHY; DEPOSITION VOLUMES; PROCESSING METHODS; SEDIMENT STORAGE AB Fine-scale (submeter) resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) created from high precision (subcentimeter) instruments (e.g., total station, rtkGPS, and laser scanning) have become ubiquitous in the field of fluvial geomorphology. They permit a diverse range of spatially explicit analyses including hydraulic modeling, habitat modeling, and geomorphic change detection. While previous studies have assessed the quality of specific topographic survey methods at individual sites or across a limited number of sites, an intercomparison of survey technologies across a diverse range of wadeable streams could help clarify which techniques are feasible, as well as which work best under what circumstances and for what purposes. Although a wealth of existing studies and protocols explain how to undertake each individual technique, in this study we seek to provide guidance on what techniques to use in which circumstances. We quantified the relative quality and the amount of effort spent collecting data to derive bare earth topography from an array of ground-based and airborne survey techniques. We used topographic survey data collected over the summer of 2010 from six sample reaches of varying complexity in the Lemhi River basin, Idaho, USA. We attempted to conduct complete, replicate surveys at each site using total station (TS), real-time kinematic (rtk) GPS, discrete return terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), and airborne LiDaR surveys (ALS). We evaluated the precision and accuracy of derived bare earth DEMs relative to the higher precision total station point data. Discrepancies between pairwise techniques were calculated using propagated DEM errors thresholded at a 95% confidence interval. Mean discrepancies between total station and rtkGPS DEMs were relatively low (0.05 m), yet TS data collection time was up to 2.4 times longer than rtkGPS. The ALS DEMs had lower accuracy than TS or rtkGPS DEMs, but the aerial coverage and floodplain context of the ALS data set was superior to all other techniques. The TLS bare earth DEM accuracy and precision were lower than any other technique because of vegetation returns misinterpreted as ground returns. Our results are helpful for understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bangen, Sara G.; Wheaton, Joseph M.; Bouwes, Nicolaas] Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bouwes, Nicolaas] Eco Log Res Inc, Providence, UT 84332 USA. [Bouwes, Boyd] Watershed Solut Inc, Boise, ID 83703 USA. [Jordan, Chris] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bangen, SG (reprint author), Utah State Univ, Dept Watershed Sci, 5210 Old Main Hill,NR 210, Logan, UT 84322 USA. EM sara.bangen@gmail.com RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010; OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150; Bouwes, Nicolaas/0000-0003-0249-3593 FU Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program through a subcontract from Eco Logical Research, Inc. [2003-017] FX Funding for the lead author was provided as part of the Integrated Status and Effectiveness Monitoring Program (BPA Project Number: 2003-017) through a subcontract from Eco Logical Research, Inc. to the Utah State University Ecogeomorphology and Topographic Analysis Lab. Funding for the airborne LiDaR flight was provided by the Bureau of Reclamation and Trout Unlimited. We wish to thank everyone involved with collecting data in the Lemhi River basin, including Kenny DeMeurichy, Tyler Coy, and Michelle Kang. We extend our gratitude to Watershed Solutions, Inc. and Quantitative Consultants, Inc. for support establishing sample sites and providing housing. We thank Matt McKeegan from McKeegan & Associates for establishing the control network for a heavily discounted price. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 44 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X EI 1872-695X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 206 BP 343 EP 361 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.010 PG 19 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA AB8QF UT WOS:000332054400029 ER PT J AU Paone, JR Flynn, PJ Philips, PJ Bowyer, KW Bruegge, RWV Grother, PJ Quinn, GW Pruitt, MT Grant, JM AF Paone, Jeffrey R. Flynn, Patrick J. Philips, P. Jonathon Bowyer, Kevin W. Bruegge, Richard W. Vorder Grother, Patrick J. Quinn, George W. Pruitt, Matthew T. Grant, Jason M. TI Double Trouble: Differentiating Identical Twins by Face Recognition SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Face and gesture recognition ID VERIFICATION AB Facial recognition algorithms should be able to operate even when similar-looking individuals are encountered, or even in the extreme case of identical twins. An experimental data set comprised of 17 486 images from 126 pairs of identical twins (252 subjects) collected on the same day and 6864 images from 120 pairs of identical twins (240 subjects) with images taken a year later was used to measure the performance on seven different face recognition algorithms. Performance is reported for variations in illumination, expression, gender, and age for both the same day and cross-year image sets. Regardless of the conditions of image acquisition, distinguishing identical twins are significantly harder than distinguishing subjects who are not identical twins for all algorithms. C1 [Paone, Jeffrey R.; Flynn, Patrick J.; Bowyer, Kevin W.; Pruitt, Matthew T.; Grant, Jason M.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Philips, P. Jonathon; Grother, Patrick J.; Quinn, George W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bruegge, Richard W. Vorder] Fed Bur Invest, Sci & Technol Branch, Digital Evidence Lab, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. RP Paone, JR (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM jpaone@nd.edu; flynn@nd.edu; jonathon@nist.gov; kwb@nd.edu; richard.vorderbruegge@ic.fbi.gov; patrick.grother@nist.gov; gw@nist.gov; mpruitt@nd.edu; jgrant3@nd.edu OI Bowyer, Kevin/0000-0002-7562-4390 FU Federal Bureau of Investigation and Technical Support Working Group through Army Research Laboratory [W91CRB-08-C-0093]; Biometric Center of Excellence through the West Virginia University; University of Notre Dame through the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity; ARL [W911NF-10- 2-0067] FX This work was supported in part by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Technical Support Working Group through Army Research Laboratory under Grant W91CRB-08-C-0093, in part by the Biometric Center of Excellence through the West Virginia University, in part by the University of Notre Dame through the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, and in part by the ARL Cooperative Agreement under Grant W911NF-10- 2-0067. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official policies, either expressed or implied, of FBI, TSWG, IARPA, the ODNI, the Army Research Laboratory, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the authors or the Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Institute of Standards and Technology, or the University of Notre Dame. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Kar-Ann Toh. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1556-6013 EI 1556-6021 J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 BP 285 EP 295 DI 10.1109/TIFS.2013.2296373 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA AC3YX UT WOS:000332458800012 ER PT J AU Kos, AB Killgore, JP Hurley, DC AF Kos, A. B. Killgore, J. P. Hurley, D. C. TI SPRITE: a modern approach to scanning probe contact resonance imaging SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; contact resonance imaging; frequency tracking; nanomechanics; quality factor imaging ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY AB We describe a system for contact resonance tracking called scanning probe resonance image tracking electronics (SPRITE). SPRITE can image two contact resonance frequencies simultaneously and thus can be used to acquire quantitative mechanical properties without requiring tedious image registration or other forms of post-processing. SPRITE is up to ten times faster than its predecessor, and its use of digital frequency synthesis makes the frequency 100 times more precise. In addition, SPRITE can acquire quality factor images, which can be used to determine viscoelastic material properties. The resonant frequency of two eigenmodes and two corresponding quality factor images can be acquired simultaneously. These new features can enable accurate nanomechanical imaging of surfaces and devices. C1 [Kos, A. B.; Killgore, J. P.; Hurley, D. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kos, AB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kos@boulder.nist.gov NR 18 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 25 IS 2 AR 025405 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/25/2/025405 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AC7HC UT WOS:000332697800025 ER PT J AU Balijepalli, A Ettedgui, J Cornio, AT Robertson, JWF Cheung, KP Kasianowicz, JJ Vaz, C AF Balijepalli, Arvind Ettedgui, Jessica Cornio, Andrew T. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Cheung, Kin P. Kasianowicz, John J. Vaz, Canute TI Quantifying Short-Lived Events in Multistate Ionic Current Measurements SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanopores; electrical circuit models; DNA sequencing; single-molecule measurements ID MOLECULE MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SINGLE-CHANNEL KINETICS; ALPHA-TOXIN; SENSING PLATFORM; MISSED EVENTS; MARKOV-MODELS; NANOPORE; DNA; MEMBRANES; DYNAMICS AB We developed a generalized technique to characterize polymer-nanopore interactions via single channel ionic current measurements. Physical interactions between analytes, such as DNA, proteins, or synthetic polymers, and a nanopore cause multiple discrete states in the current. We modeled the transitions of the current to individual states with an equivalent electrical circuit, which allowed us to describe the system response. This enabled the estimation of short-lived states that are presently not characterized by existing analysis techniques. Our approach considerably improves the range and resolution of single-molecule characterization with nanopores. For example, we characterized the residence times of synthetic polymers that are three times shorter than those estimated with existing algorithms. Because the molecule's residence time follows an exponential distribution, we recover nearly 20-fold more events per unit time that can be used for analysis. Furthermore, the measurement range was extended from 11 monomers to as few as 8. Finally, we applied this technique to recover a known sequence of single-stranded DNA from previously published ion channel recordings, identifying discrete current states with subpicoampere resolution. C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; Ettedgui, Jessica; Cornio, Andrew T.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Cheung, Kin P.; Kasianowicz, John J.; Vaz, Canute] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balijepalli, A (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arvind.balijepalli@nist.gov FU National Human Genome Research Initiative [R01HG007415]; NRC/NIST-NIH Research Fellowship FX This work was supported in part by grant R01HG007415 from the National Human Genome Research Initiative (J.J.K.) and by a NRC/NIST-NIH Research Fellowship (A.B.). NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD FEB PY 2014 VL 8 IS 2 BP 1547 EP 1553 DI 10.1021/nn405761y PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AB8SB UT WOS:000332059200050 PM 24397836 ER PT J AU Cox, LM Killgore, JP Li, ZW Zhang, Z Hurley, DC Xiao, JL Ding, YF AF Cox, Lewis M. Killgore, Jason P. Li, Zhengwei Zhang, Zheng Hurley, Donna C. Xiao, Jianliang Ding, Yifu TI Morphing Metal-Polymer Janus Particles SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE smart particles; janus particles; hierarchical wrinkles ID SHAPE-MEMORY POLYMERS; THIN-FILMS; NANOPARTICLES; POLYSTYRENE; SURFACE; DEFORMATION; LITHOGRAPHY; PATTERNS; COLLOIDS C1 [Cox, Lewis M.; Li, Zhengwei; Zhang, Zheng; Xiao, Jianliang; Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Killgore, Jason P.; Hurley, Donna C.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ding, YF (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM yifu.ding@colorado.edu RI Li, Zhengwei/D-4523-2014; Xiao, Jianliang/B-4535-2008; Zhang, Zheng/M-3970-2015 OI Zhang, Zheng/0000-0002-1490-6394 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-1031785, CMMI-1233626] FX We acknowledge the funding support from the National Science Foundation under grant number CMMI-1031785 and CMMI-1233626. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 9 U2 99 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 EI 1521-4095 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 26 IS 6 BP 899 EP 904 DI 10.1002/adma.201304079 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AB6OU UT WOS:000331910200008 PM 24167094 ER PT J AU El Hadri, H Gigault, J Chery, P Potin-Gautier, M Lespes, G AF El Hadri, Hind Gigault, Julien Chery, Philippe Potin-Gautier, Martine Lespes, Gaetane TI Optimization of flow field-flow fractionation for the characterization of natural colloids SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Flow field-flow fractionation; Optimization; Environmental samples; Polydisperse colloids ID LASER-LIGHT SCATTERING; MANUFACTURED NANOPARTICLES; RETENTION; SAMPLE; SEPARATION; DETECTOR; ONLINE; COPPER; SOILS AB The methodological approach used to robustly optimize the characterization of the polydisperse colloidal phase of drain water samples is presented. The approach is based on asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation coupled to online ultraviolet/visible spectrophotometry, multi-angle light scattering, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Operating factors such as the amount of sample injected and the ratio between main-flow and cross-flow rates were considered. The evaluation of the injection and fractionation steps was performed considering the polydispersity index and the contribution to the polydispersity of the plate height, the recovery, the retention ratio and the size range of the fractionated colloids. This approach allows the polydispersity of natural colloid samples to be taken into consideration to achieve the most efficient and representative fractionation. In addition to the size characterization, elemental analysis was also evaluated using the recovery, precision, and limits of detection and quantification relative to a trace element of interest (copper) in drain water. To complete this investigation, the potential application of the methodology was assessed using several independent drain water samples from different soils. The contribution of the polydispersity to the plate height ranges from 4.8 to 8.9 cm with a mean precision of 6 %. The mean colloidal recovery was 81 +/- 3 %, and the mean retention ratio was 0.043-0.062. The limits of detection and quantification for copper were 0.6 and 1.8 mu g L-1, respectively. C1 [El Hadri, Hind; Potin-Gautier, Martine; Lespes, Gaetane] Univ Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, LCABIE UMR5254, IPREM, F-64053 Pau 09, France. [Gigault, Julien] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [El Hadri, Hind; Chery, Philippe] Bordeaux Sci Agro, F-33175 Gradignan, France. RP Lespes, G (reprint author), Univ Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, LCABIE UMR5254, IPREM, 2 Ave Pierre Angot, F-64053 Pau 09, France. EM gaetane.lespes@univ-pau.fr NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 406 IS 6 BP 1639 EP 1649 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7369-0 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AC2GK UT WOS:000332317400008 PM 24068170 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TM Gigault, J Hackley, VA AF Nguyen, Thao M. Gigault, Julien Hackley, Vincent A. TI PEGylated gold nanorod separation based on aspect ratio: characterization by asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation with UV-Vis detection SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Field flow fractionation; PEGylation; Surface coverage; Gold nanorods; Hyphenated technique ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); SURFACE-CHEMISTRY; NANOPARTICLES; NANOMEDICINE; THERAPY; NANOSTRUCTURES; DETOXIFICATION; CONFORMATION; ADSORPTION AB The development of highly efficient asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (A4F) methodology for biocompatible PEGylated gold nanorods (GNR) without the need for surfactants in the mobile phase is presented. We report on the potential of A4F for rapid separation by evaluating the efficiency of functionalized surface coverage in terms of fractionation, retention time (t (R) ) shifts, and population analysis. By optimizing the fractionation conditions, we observed that the mechanism of separation for PEGylated GNRs by A4F is the same as that for CTAB stabilized GNRs (i.e., according to their AR) which confirms that the elution mechanism is not dependent on the surface charge of the analytes and/or the membrane. In addition, we demonstrated that A4F can distinguish different surface coverage populations of PEGylated GNRs. The data established that a change in M-w of the functional group and/or surface orientation can be detected and fractionated by A4F. The findings in this study provide the foundation for a complete separation and physicochemical analysis of GNRs and their surface coatings, which can provide accurate and reproducible characterization critical to advancing biomedical research. C1 [Nguyen, Thao M.; Gigault, Julien; Hackley, Vincent A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nguyen, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thao.nguyen@nist.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 406 IS 6 BP 1651 EP 1659 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7318-y PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AC2GK UT WOS:000332317400009 PM 24005603 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, R Zimmerman, BE Bergeron, DE Cessna, JC Pibida, L Moreira, DS AF Fitzgerald, R. Zimmerman, B. E. Bergeron, D. E. Cessna, J. C. Pibida, L. Moreira, D. S. TI A new NIST primary standardization of F-18 SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE Fluorine-18; F-18; Anticoincidence; TDCR; CIEMAT/NIST; Dose calibrator ID DOSE CALIBRATOR SETTINGS; RADIONUCLIDE CALIBRATOR; NUCLEAR-MEDICINE; COINCIDENCE AB A new primary standardization of F-18 by NIST is reported. The standard is based on live-timed beta-gamma anticoincidence counting with confirmatory measurements by three other methods: (i) liquid scintillation (LS) counting using CIEMAT/NIST H-3 efficiency tracing; (ii) triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) counting; and (iii) NaI integral counting and HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry. The results are reported as calibration factors for NIST-maintained ionization chambers (including some "dose calibrators"). The LS-based methods reveal evidence for cocktail instability for one LS cocktail. Using an ionization chamber to link this work with previous NIST results, the new value differs from the previous reports by about 4%, but appears to be in good agreement with the key comparison reference value (KCRV) of 2005. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fitzgerald, R.; Zimmerman, B. E.; Bergeron, D. E.; Cessna, J. C.; Pibida, L.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moreira, D. S.] Comissao Nacl Energia Nucl, Lab Nacl Metrol Radiacoes Ionizantes, BR-22783127 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. RP Fitzgerald, R (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013; Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950; NR 27 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 85 BP 77 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.11.116 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AC3TA UT WOS:000332442900014 PM 24384397 ER PT J AU Gruenthal, KM Witting, DA Ford, T Neuman, MJ Williams, JP Pondella, DJ Bird, A Caruso, N Hyde, JR Seeb, LW Larson, WA AF Gruenthal, K. M. Witting, D. A. Ford, T. Neuman, M. J. Williams, J. P. Pondella, D. J., II Bird, A. Caruso, N. Hyde, J. R. Seeb, L. W. Larson, W. A. TI Development and application of genomic tools to the restoration of green abalone in southern California SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Abalone; Genomics; Population genetics; Restriction site associated DNA sequencing; Single nucleotide polymorphism; Stock enhancement ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; MICROSATELLITE DNA MARKERS; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; HALIOTIS-CRACHERODII LEACH; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; HATCHERY-PRODUCED ABALONE; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; BLACK ABALONE; STOCK ENHANCEMENT AB Due to severe declines in abundance throughout southern California, the green abalone (Haliotis fulgens Philippi 1845) became protected under a state-sponsored fishery moratorium in 1997 and was declared a NOAA NMFS Species of Concern in 2004. Recently, H. fulgens was chosen for possible stock restoration via translocation of wild adults to depleted habitat and supplementation through releasing cultured individuals. Before a management plan could be developed, however, an understanding of the species' natural population genetic structure was needed. We used a genomic technique called restriction site associated DNA sequencing (RADSeq) to address the issue. RADSeq enabled discovery of 1,209 single nucleotide polymorphisms theoretically spread genome-wide in H. fulgens. Analyses suggested the species may be panmictic throughout our sampled range, with an effective population size (N-e) of 1,100-3,600. Hence, limitations to management, such as requiring local broodstock and restricting translocation potential, might be unnecessary. Sites with larger populations may be suitable sources for restoration of depleted sites (e.g. the Palos Verdes Peninsula), although the extent of local adaptation remains unknown. Despite this potential for restoration, results gathered on a sample of cultured H. fulgens illustrated how quickly genetic diversity can be lost through captive breeding. To help mitigate a drop in Ne due to hatchery supplementation, we recommend collection and replacement of >= 100 wild abalone per generation for broodstock and close management of the proportion of cultured individuals in the wild. Successful implementation will depend on operational capacity and the resilience of the source populations to broodstock collection. C1 [Gruenthal, K. M.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Gruenthal, K. M.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Witting, D. A.] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Ford, T.] Santa Monica Bay Restorat Fdn, Los Angeles, CA 90045 USA. [Neuman, M. J.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, Southwest Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. [Williams, J. P.; Pondella, D. J., II] Occidental Coll, Vantuna Res Grp, Moore Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA. [Bird, A.] Orange Cty Coastkeeper, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Caruso, N.] Get Inspired Inc, Garden Grove, CA 92845 USA. [Hyde, J. R.] NOAA, Fisheries Resources Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Seeb, L. W.; Larson, W. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gruenthal, KM (reprint author), Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, 2595 Ingraham St, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. EM kgruenthal@hswri.org FU U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Office of Aquaculture Research Tiger Team Internal Grant; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant [DGE-0718124] FX This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under a Species of Concern Internal Grant awarded to Ford et al. and an Office of Aquaculture Research Tiger Team Internal Grant awarded to Dr. Hyde. Wesley Larson was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant # DGE-0718124. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of those organizations. Tissue from wild H. fulgens was collected by the authors, as well as Brian Meux, Ray Hiemstra, and several staff. The SEA Lab sample was provided by Brent Scheiwe. Dr. Jim Seeb at the University of Washington provided guidance and laboratory space. We would like to thank Seeb Lab members Carita Pascal for lab instruction and Ryan Waples for help initiating the Stacks pipeline. We would also like to thank Drs. Fred Utter, Brent Vadopalas, and Robin Waples and two anonymous reviewers for valuable commentary on this manuscript. NR 101 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 59 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 EI 1572-9737 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 15 IS 1 BP 109 EP 121 DI 10.1007/s10592-013-0524-5 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA AC2UR UT WOS:000332372300009 ER PT J AU Tercero, N Kotarek, J AF Tercero, Napoleon Kotarek, Joseph TI Voltammetric Monitoring of Protein Aggregation from Solution Using Tris-(2,2 '-Bipyridine) Osmium(II) Chloride Complex as an Electrocatalytic Mediator SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Protein aggregation; Square wave voltammetry; Biopharmaceuticals; Amyloid beta ID ASPERGILLUS-NIGER; GLUCOSE-OXIDASE; OXIDATION; TYROSINE; TRYPTOPHAN AB The present work evaluates the feasibility of tracking protein aggregation voltammetrically by taking advantage of the intrinsic electroactivity of tyrosine residues. The electrocatalytic current due to the oxidation of tyrosine, mediated by tris-(2,2-bipyridine)osmium(II) chloride, is used to report changes in protein aggregation state. We demonstrate, by the use of square wave voltammetry, that this system is able to differentiate between peptides containing equimolar tyrosine concentrations, and even detect tyrosine within large entities such as antibodies and insoluble amyloid fibrils. We also determine the aggregation time course of a model peptide, amyloid beta, detecting species with sizes from monomeric to insoluble aggregate. The method offers the prospect of monitoring biopharmaceutical aggregation and has potential to establish itself as a technique that is orthogonal to existing methods of aggregation detection. C1 [Tercero, Napoleon; Kotarek, Joseph] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Tercero, N (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM net2105@columbia.edu; joseph.kotarek@fda.hhs.gov FU National Research Council; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to acknowledge the National Research Council and the National Institute of Standards and Technology for their financial support. Special thanks are given to Dr. Veronika Szalai and Dr. David Vanderah for helpful discussions and guidance. Also, thanks are given to Dr. Curtis Meuse and Dr. Rastislav Levicky for their invaluable feedback and expert insight. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 EI 1521-4109 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD FEB PY 2014 VL 26 IS 2 BP 243 EP 247 DI 10.1002/elan.201300463 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA AB7PI UT WOS:000331982500003 ER PT J AU Butler, AH Polvani, LM Deser, C AF Butler, Amy H. Polvani, Lorenzo M. Deser, Clara TI Separating the stratospheric and tropospheric pathways of El Nino-Southern Oscillation teleconnections SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE El Nino-Southern Oscillation; stratospheric variability; sudden stratospheric warmings; teleconnections; Eurasian climate ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; SUDDEN WARMINGS; WINTER; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; CONNECTION; ANOMALIES AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a major driver of Northern Hemisphere wintertime variability and, generally, the key ingredient used in seasonal forecasts of wintertime surface climate. Modeling studies have recently suggested that ENSO teleconnections might involve both a tropospheric pathway and a stratospheric one. Here, using reanalysis data, we carefully distinguish between the two. We first note that the temperature and circulation anomalies associated with the tropospheric pathway are nearly equal and opposite during the warm (El Nino) and cold (La Nina) phases of ENSO, whereas those associated with the stratospheric pathway are of the same sign, irrespective of the ENSO phase. We then exploit this fact to isolate the two pathways. Our decomposition reveals that ENSOs climate impacts over North America are largely associated with the tropospheric pathway, whereas ENSOs climate impacts over the North Atlantic and Eurasia are greatly affected by the stratospheric pathway. The stratospheric pathway, which we here define on the basis of the occurrence of one or more sudden stratospheric warmings in a given winter, and whose signature projects very strongly on the North Atlantic Oscillation, is found to be present 60% of the time during ENSO winters (of either phase): it therefore likely plays an important role in improving seasonal forecasts, notably over the North Atlantic and the Eurasian continent. C1 [Butler, Amy H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Butler, Amy H.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, New York, NY USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. [Polvani, Lorenzo M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Deser, Clara] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Butler, AH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM amy.butler@noaa.gov RI Butler, Amy/K-6190-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Butler, Amy/0000-0002-3632-0925; FU US National Science Foundation; National Science Foundation FX LMP wishes to thank Matthew Newman for a most enlightening conversation at Cafe Sole, which stimulated the present line of research. LMP was supported, in part, by a grant from the US National Science Foundation to Columbia University. NCAR is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. NR 37 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 20 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR 024014 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/2/024014 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8XA UT WOS:000332072100015 ER PT J AU Krakauer, NY Fekete, BM AF Krakauer, Nir Y. Fekete, Balazs M. TI Are climate model simulations useful for forecasting precipitation trends? Hindcast and synthetic-data experiments SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE hydrologic prediction; nonstationarity; climate change; precipitation; climate model; trend estimation; extrapolation ID REGIONAL CLIMATE; WATER MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; UNCERTAINTY; STREAMFLOW AB Water scientists and managers currently face the question of whether trends in climate variables that affect water supplies and hazards can be anticipated. We investigate to what extent climate model simulations may provide accurate forecasts of future hydrologic nonstationarity in the form of changes in precipitation amount. We compare gridded station observations (GPCC Full Data Product, 1901-2010) and climate model outputs (CMIP5 Historical and RCP8.5 simulations, 1901-2100) in real and synthetic-data hindcast experiments. The hindcast experiments show that imputing precipitation trends based on the climate model mean reduced the root mean square error of precipitation trend estimates for 1961-2010 by 9% compared to making the assumption (implied by hydrologic stationarity) of no trend in precipitation. Given the accelerating pace of climate change, the benefits of incorporating climate model assessments of precipitation trends in water resource planning are projected to increase for future decades. The distribution of climate models' simulated precipitation trends shows substantial spatially coherent biases, suggesting that there may be room for further improvement in how climate models are parametrized and used for precipitation estimation. Linear extrapolation of observed trends in long precipitation records may also be useful, particularly for lead times shorter than about 25 years. Overall, our findings suggest that simulations by current global climate models, combined with the continued maintenance of in situ hydrologic observations, can provide useful information on future changes in the hydrologic cycle. C1 [Krakauer, Nir Y.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Krakauer, NY (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM nkrakauer@ccny.cuny.edu FU NOAA [NA11SEC4810004, NA12OAR4310084] FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support from NOAA under grants NA11SEC4810004 and NA12OAR4310084. All statements made are the views of the authors and not the opinions of the funding agency or the US government. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 18 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 9 IS 2 AR 024009 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/2/024009 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB8XA UT WOS:000332072100010 ER PT J AU Kongoli, C Kustas, WP Anderson, MC Norman, JM Alfieri, JG Flerchinger, GN Marks, D AF Kongoli, Cezar Kustas, William P. Anderson, Martha C. Norman, John M. Alfieri, Joseph G. Flerchinger, Gerald N. Marks, Danny TI Evaluation of a Two-Source Snow-Vegetation Energy Balance Model for Estimating Surface Energy Fluxes in a Rangeland Ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Model evaluation/performance; Land surface model; Surface observations ID MAPPING DAILY EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; HEAT-FLUX; WATER-BALANCE; COVER; TEMPERATURE; SCALES; SOIL; EVAPORATION; CANOPY; SENSITIVITY AB The utility of a snow-vegetation energy balance model for estimating surface energy fluxes is evaluated with field measurements at two sites in a rangeland ecosystem in southwestern Idaho during the winter of 2007: one site dominated by aspen vegetation and the other by sagebrush. Model parameterizations are adopted from the two-source energy balance (TSEB) modeling scheme, which estimates fluxes from the vegetation and surface substrate separately using remotely sensed measurements of land surface temperature. Modifications include development of routines to account for surface snowmelt energy flux and snow masking of vegetation. Comparisons between modeled and measured surface energy fluxes of net radiation and turbulent heat showed reasonable agreement when considering measurement uncertainties in snow environments and the simplified algorithm used for the snow surface heat flux, particularly on a daily basis. There was generally better performance over the aspen field site, likely due to more reliable input data of snow depth/snow cover. The model was robust in capturing the evolution of surface energy fluxes during melt periods. The model behavior was also consistent with previous studies that indicate the occurrence of upward sensible heat fluxes during daytime owing to solar heating of vegetation limbs and branches, which often exceeds the downward sensible heat flux driving the snowmelt. However, model simulations over aspen trees showed that the upward sensible heat flux could be reversed for a lower canopy fraction owing to the dominance of downward sensible heat flux over snow. This indicates that reliable vegetation or snow cover fraction inputs to the model are needed for estimating fluxes over snow-covered landscapes. C1 [Kongoli, Cezar] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kongoli, Cezar] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Kustas, William P.; Anderson, Martha C.; Alfieri, Joseph G.] ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. [Norman, John M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Flerchinger, Gerald N.; Marks, Danny] ARS, Northwest Watershed Res Ctr, USDA, Boise, ID USA. RP Kongoli, C (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, NOAA Ctr Weather & Climate Predict NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Ct 2804, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM cezar.kongoli@noaa.gov RI Anderson, Martha/C-1720-2015; Kustas, William/C-2063-2015 OI Anderson, Martha/0000-0003-0748-5525; FU USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory; NOAA Climate Program Office [60-1265-1-051]; NASA Applied Sciences Program [60-1245-3-053] FX This study would not have been possible without the field measurements provided by the USDA-ARS Northwest Watershed Research Center and financial support from the USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, the NOAA Climate Program Office (Agreement 60-1265-1-051), and the NASA Applied Sciences Program (Agreement 60-1245-3-053). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 15 IS 1 BP 143 EP 158 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0153.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2BI UT WOS:000332301900008 ER PT J AU Zamora, RJ Clark, EP Rogers, E Ek, MB Lahmers, TM AF Zamora, Robert J. Clark, Edward P. Rogers, Eric Ek, Michael B. Lahmers, Timothy M. TI An Examination of Meteorological and Soil Moisture Conditions in the Babocomari River Basin before the Flood Event of 2008 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrometeorology ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; MESOSCALE ETA-MODEL; LAND-SURFACE MODEL; UNITED-STATES; TROPICAL CYCLONES; SYSTEM; SURGES; NETWORK AB The NOAA Hydrometeorology Testbed (HMT) program has deployed a soil moisture observing network in the Babocomari River basin located in southeastern Arizona. The Babocomari River is a major tributary of the San Pedro River. At 0000 UTC 23 July 2008, the second-highest flow during the period of record was measured just upstream of the location where the Babocomari River joins the main channel of the San Pedro River. Upper-air and surface meteorological observations and Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) satellite images of integrated water vapor were used to establish the synoptic and mesoscale conditions that existed before the flood occurred. The analysis indicates that a weak Gulf of California surge initiated by Hurricane Fausto transported a warm moist tropical air mass into the lower troposphere over southern Arizona, setting the stage for the intense, deep convection that initiated the flooding on the Babocomari River. Observations of soil moisture and precipitation at five locations in the basin and streamflow measured at two river gauging stations enabled the documentation of the hydrometeorological conditions that existed before the flooding occurred. The observations suggest that soil moisture conditions as a function of depth, the location of semi-impermeable layers of sedimentary rock known as caliche, and the spatial distribution of convective precipitation in the basin confined the flooding to the lower part of the basin. Finally, the HMT soil moisture observations are compared with soil moisture products from the NOAA/NWS/NCEP Noah land surface model. C1 [Zamora, Robert J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Clark, Edward P.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Rogers, Eric; Ek, Michael B.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, College Pk, MD USA. [Lahmers, Timothy M.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Zamora, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Water Cycle Branch, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM robert.j.zamora@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 15 IS 1 BP 243 EP 260 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0142.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2BI UT WOS:000332301900014 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ White, AB AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. Ralph, F. Martin Neiman, Paul J. White, Allen B. TI Quantitative Assessment of Operational Weather Radar Rainfall Estimates over California's Northern Sonoma County Using HMT-West Data SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Radars/Radar observations; Profilers, atmospheric; Precipitation; Error analysis ID ATMOSPHERIC RIVERS; VERTICAL PROFILES; COMPLEX TERRAIN; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; REFLECTIVITY; WSR-88D; CALJET; LAYER AB An evaluation of Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) KMUX and KDAX radar quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) over a site in California's northern Sonoma County is performed and rain type climatology is presented. This site is next to the flood-prone Russian River basin and, because of the mountainous terrain and remoteness from operational radars, is generally believed to lack adequate coverage. QPE comparisons were conducted for multiyear observations with concurrent classification of rainfall structure using measurements from a gauge and an S-band profiler deployed at the location of interest. The radars were able to detect most of the brightband (BB) rain, which contributed over half of the total precipitation. For this rain type hourly radar-based QPE obtained with a default vertical profile of reflectivity correction provided results with errors of about 50%-60%. The operational radars did not detect precipitation during about 30% of the total rainy hours with mostly shallow nonbrightband (NBB) rain, which, depending on the radar, provided ~(12%-15%) of the total precipitation. The accuracy of radar-based QPE for the detected fraction of NBB rain was rather poor with large negative biases and characteristic errors of around 80%. On some occasions, radars falsely detected precipitation when observing high clouds, which did not precipitate or coexisted with shallow rain (less than 10% of total accumulation). For heavier rain with a significant fraction of BB hourly periods, radar QPE for event totals showed relatively good agreement with gauge data. Cancelation of errors of opposite signs contributed, in part, to such agreement. On average, KDAX-based QPE was biased low compared to KMUX. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.; Ralph, F. Martin; Neiman, Paul J.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov FU NOAA HMT project FX This study was funded by the NOAA HMT project. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 15 IS 1 BP 393 EP 410 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-045.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AC2BI UT WOS:000332301900022 ER PT J AU Kremp, A Tahvanainen, P Litaker, W Krock, B Suikkanen, S Leaw, CP Tomas, C AF Kremp, Anke Tahvanainen, Pia Litaker, Wayne Krock, Bernd Suikkanen, Sanna Leaw, Chui Pin Tomas, Carmelo TI PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS, MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION, AND TOXIN PATTERNS IN THE ALEXANDRIUM OSTENFELDII (DINOPHYCEAE) COMPLEX: IMPLICATIONS FOR SPECIES BOUNDARIES AND IDENTITIES SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium ostenfeldii; Alexandrium peruvianum; ITS2 compensatory base changes; morphology; Paralytic Shellfish Toxins; phylogeny; spirolides ID RNA SECONDARY STRUCTURE; NORTHERN BALTIC SEA; GENUS ALEXANDRIUM; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MINUTUM DINOPHYCEAE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERUVIANUM BALECH; SHELLFISH TOXINS; MENDIOLA BALECH; COASTAL WATERS AB Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Paulsen) Balech and Tangen and A.peruvianum (Balech and B.R. Mendiola) Balech and Tangen are morphologically closely related dinoflagellates known to produce potent neurotoxins. Together with Gonyaulax dimorpha Biecheler, they constitute the A.ostenfeldii species complex. Due to the subtle differences in the morphological characters used to differentiate these species, unambiguous species identification has proven problematic. To better understand the species boundaries within the A.ostenfeldii complex we compared rDNA data, morphometric characters and toxin profiles of multiple cultured isolates from different geographic regions. Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences from cultures characterized as A.ostenfeldii or A.peruvianum formed a monophyletic clade consisting of six distinct groups. Each group examined contained strains morphologically identified as either A.ostenfeldii or A.peruvianum. Though key morphological characters were generally found to be highly variable and not consistently distributed, selected plate features and toxin profiles differed significantly among phylogenetic clusters. Additional sequence analyses revealed a lack of compensatory base changes in ITS2 rRNA structure, low to intermediate ITS/5.8S uncorrected genetic distances, and evidence of reticulation. Together these data (criteria currently used for species delineation in dinoflagellates) imply that the A.ostenfeldii complex should be regarded a single genetically structured species until more material and alternative criteria for species delimitation are available. Consequently, we propose that A.peruvianum is a heterotypic synonym of A.ostenfeldii and this taxon name should be discontinued. C1 [Kremp, Anke; Tahvanainen, Pia; Suikkanen, Sanna] Ctr Marine Res, Finnish Environm Inst, Helsinki 00560, Finland. [Tahvanainen, Pia] Univ Helsinki, Tvarminne Zool Stn, Hango 10900, Finland. [Litaker, Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC USA. [Krock, Bernd] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Div Biosci, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Leaw, Chui Pin] Univ Malaysia Sarawak, Inst Biodivers & Environm Conservat, Kota Samarahan Sarawak 94300, Malaysia. [Tomas, Carmelo] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Kremp, A (reprint author), Ctr Marine Res, Finnish Environm Inst, Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, Helsinki 00560, Finland. EM anke.kremp@ymparisto.fi RI Leaw, Chui Pin/F-5220-2012; OI Leaw, Chui Pin/0000-0003-3336-1438; Suikkanen, Sanna/0000-0002-0768-8149 FU Academy of Finland [128833]; Maj; Tor Nessling Foundation; North Pacific Research Board [1021] FX We thank T. Alpermann, D. Anderson, I. Bravo, E. Bresnan, H. Gu, L. Percy, and N. Touzet for providing strains of A. ostenfeldii/peruvianum. H. Gudfinnson, V. Pospelova, B. Dale, and S. Sanchez collected sediment or water samples from Iceland, Canada, Norway, and Peru for new isolations. H. Kankaanpaa, K. Harju, and W. Drebing contributed to the toxin analyses. Technical support was provided by J. Oja, M. Vandersea, and R. York. The advice of S. Nagai and P. T. Lim on molecular analyses and their interpretations are greatly appreciated. Steven Kibler and Christopher Holland provided helpful critical reviews of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Academy of Finland grant # 128833 to AK and SS, the Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation (P. T.) and funding from the North Pacific Research Board Project 1021 (W. L.). NR 87 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-3646 EI 1529-8817 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 50 IS 1 BP 81 EP 100 DI 10.1111/jpy.12134 PG 20 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB7WI UT WOS:000332001200008 PM 26988010 ER PT J AU Cheng, G Hammouda, B Perahia, D AF Cheng, Gang Hammouda, Boualem Perahia, Dvora TI Effects of Intermicellar Interactions on the Dissociation of Block Copolymer Micelles: SANS and NMR Studies SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE small-angle neutron scattering (SANS); NMR spectroscopy; block copolymers; micelles ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLIZATION KINETICS; RELAXATION KINETICS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; POLYMERIC MICELLES; MOLECULAR-EXCHANGE; PLURONIC MICELLES; CRYSTALLINE-CORE; TEMPERATURE; PH AB The effects of intermicellar interactions on the dissociation of block copolymer micelles of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene in a selective solvent, decane, are investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and H-1 NMR spectroscopy. This well-studied polymer is used as a model system to correlate intermicellar interactions with overall micellar stability. Decane is a preferential solvent for polyisoprene (PI) and drives the association of the polystyrene (PS) blocks, resulting in spherical micelles with a PS core and a Gaussian PI corona. The dissociation of the PS-PI micelles is triggered by increasing temperature, while the intermicellar interactions are controlled by varying the polymer concentration and modulating temperature. With increasing temperature, the cores of the micelles first swell, followed by a breakdown to smaller micelles, with similar shapes, that eventually dissociate into single molecules. Herein, it is shown for the first time that enhancing the intermicellar interaction delays the dissociation process of the micelles. image0 degrees C), where narrower thiophene resonances are observed, these main chain conformation rearrangements occur on fast time scales (<< 3 ms). This room-temperature dynamic disorder suggests that P3HT may be classified as a conformationally disordered (CONDIS) crystal. C1 [Nieuwendaal, Ryan C.; Snyder, Chad R.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nieuwendaal, RC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ryan.nieuwendaal@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 38 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 3 IS 2 BP 130 EP 135 DI 10.1021/mz4005343 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AB4QE UT WOS:000331774200003 ER PT J AU Irish, JL Sleath, A Cialone, MA Knutson, TR Jensen, RE AF Irish, Jennifer L. Sleath, Alison Cialone, Mary A. Knutson, Thomas R. Jensen, Robert E. TI Simulations of Hurricane Katrina (2005) under sea level and climate conditions for 1900 SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; POTENTIAL IMPACT; STORM-SURGE; WIND FIELDS; NEW-ORLEANS; RISE; COASTAL; INTENSITY; RECONSTRUCTION AB Global warming may result in substantial sea level rise and more intense hurricanes over the next century, leading to more severe coastal flooding. Here, observed climate and sea level trends over the last century (c. 1900s to 2000s) are used to provide insight regarding future coastal inundation trends. The actual impacts of Hurricane Katrina (2005) in New Orleans are compared with the impacts of a similar hypothetical hurricane occurring c. 1900. Estimated regional sea level rise since 1900 of 0.75 m, which contains a dominant land subsidence contribution (0.57 m), serves as a 'prototype' for future climate-change induced sea level rise in other regions. Landform conditions c. 1900 were estimated by changing frictional resistance based on expected additional wetlands at lower sea levels. Surge simulations suggest that flood elevations would have been 15 to 60 % lower c. 1900 than the conditions observed in 2005. This drastic change suggests that significantly more flood damage occurred in 2005 than would have occurred if sea level and climate conditions had been like those c. 1900. We further show that, in New Orleans, sea level rise dominates surge-induced flooding changes, not only by increasing mean sea level, but also by leading to decreased wetland area. Together, these effects enable larger surges. Projecting forward, future global sea level changes of the magnitude examined here are expected to lead to increased flooding in coastal regions, even if the storm climate is unchanged. Such flooding increases in densely populated areas would presumably lead to more widespread destruction. C1 [Irish, Jennifer L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Sleath, Alison; Cialone, Mary A.; Jensen, Robert E.] US Army Engineer Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Irish, JL (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jirish@vt.edu; alison.s.grzegorzewski@usace.army.mil; mary.a.cialone@usace.army.mil; tom.knutson@noaa.gov; robert.e.jensen@usace.army.mil OI Irish, Jennifer/0000-0002-2429-5953 FU U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Virginia Tech; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was funded by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Virginia Tech, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The authors wish to thank C. Dietrich and colleagues for making FigureGen freely available for graphical display of ADCIRC results. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 EI 1573-1480 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD FEB PY 2014 VL 122 IS 4 BP 635 EP 649 DI 10.1007/s10584-013-1011-1 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB7MB UT WOS:000331973200009 ER PT J AU Sowards, JW Williamson, CHD Weeks, TS McColskey, JD Spear, JR AF Sowards, J. W. Williamson, C. H. D. Weeks, T. S. McColskey, J. D. Spear, J. R. TI The effect of Acetobacter sp and a sulfate-reducing bacterial consortium from ethanol fuel environments on fatigue crack propagation in pipeline and storage tank steels SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Corrosion fatigue; Hydrogen embrittlement; Intergranular corrosion; Microbiological corrosion; SEM; Steel ID MICROBIOLOGICALLY INFLUENCED CORROSION; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS ACE2; BACILLUS-CEREUS ACE4; LOW-CARBON STEEL; GRADE ETHANOL; HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT; STRENGTH STEEL; GROWTH-RATES; ACETIC-ACID; MILD-STEEL AB This paper evaluates the effects of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) on fatigue-crack growth of candidate materials useful in expanding bio-ethanol usage, including a storage-tank steel (ASTM A36) and two pipeline steels (API 5L X52 and X70). The microbiological species sampled and cultivated from an ethanol fuel production stream are responsible for both acetic acid and hydrogen sulfide production that lead to significant increases in fatigue-crack growth rate across a wide range of stress-intensity-factor amplitudes (Delta K). The mechanism for increased fatigue damage is hydrogen uptake through adsorption into the steel, which embrittles material ahead of the growing fatigue crack. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sowards, J. W.; Weeks, T. S.; McColskey, J. D.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Williamson, C. H. D.; Spear, J. R.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Sowards, JW (reprint author), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeffrey.sowards@nist.gov OI Spear, John/0000-0002-4664-7438 FU U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration through the office of Jim Merritt; U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration through the office of Robert Smith FX The authors acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Elisabeth Mansfield, Dr. Robert Amaro, Dr. Luke Jain, Mr. Ross Rentz, and Mr. Ken Talley during experimental work. Financial support was provided in part by the U.S. Department of Transportation Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration through the offices of Jim Merritt and Robert Smith. NR 61 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X EI 1879-0496 J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 79 BP 128 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2013.10.036 PG 11 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA AB3EA UT WOS:000331672900016 ER PT J AU Parrish, CE Rogers, JN Calder, BR AF Parrish, Christopher E. Rogers, Jeffrey N. Calder, Brian R. TI Assessment of Waveform Features for Lidar Uncertainty Modeling in a Coastal Salt Marsh Environment SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Geospatial analysis; lasers; lidar; ranging; sea coast AB There is currently great interest in lidar surveys of salt marshes to support coastal management and decision making. However, vertical uncertainty of lidar elevations is generally higher in salt marshes than in upland areas, and it can be difficult to empirically quantify due to the challenges of obtaining ground control in marshes. Assuming that most of the component uncertainties in the lidar geolocation equation will remain essentially constant over a relatively small location, it is posited that vertical uncertainty in a marsh will vary mostly as a function of surface and cover characteristics. These, in turn, should affect lidar waveforms recorded during the survey, and therefore, analysis of the waveform shapes may allow for prediction of vertical uncertainty variation. Waveforms at three test sites were used to compute 16 computationally efficient features that describe the shapes; and simple, multilinear, and principal component regressions were used to evaluate their ability to predict elevation differences between lidar and Global Positioning System ground control. The results show that a simple estimate of waveform width can explain over 50% of the total variability in elevation differences but that multilinear regression does not significantly improve the performance. Somewhat surprisingly, skewness of the waveform does not appear to be a good predictor of elevation differences in these cases. C1 [Parrish, Christopher E.] NOAA, Remote Sensing Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Parrish, Christopher E.; Calder, Brian R.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Joint Hydrog Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Rogers, Jeffrey N.] Provincetown Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Rogers, Jeffrey N.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Earth Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Parrish, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Remote Sensing Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM chris.parrish@noaa.gov; jrogers@coastalstudies.org; brc@ccom.unh.edu NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 21 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 11 IS 2 BP 569 EP 573 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2280182 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC0JS UT WOS:000332181200039 ER PT J AU Zhang, B Perrie, W Zhang, JA Uhlhorn, EW He, YJ AF Zhang, Biao Perrie, William Zhang, Jun A. Uhlhorn, Eric W. He, Yijun TI High-Resolution Hurricane Vector Winds from C-Band Dual-Polarization SAR Observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Wind; Hurricanes; Hurricanes/typhoons; Remote sensing; Satellite observations ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; AIR-SEA EXCHANGE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; WAVELET ANALYSIS; SURFACE WINDS; FORCE WINDS; OCEAN; SCATTEROMETER; IMAGES; RETRIEVAL AB This study presents a new approach for retrieving hurricane surface wind vectors utilizing C-band dual-polarization (VV, VH) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. The copolarized geophysical model function [C-band model 5.N (CMOD5.N)] and a new cross-polarized wind speed retrieval model for dual polarization [C-band cross-polarized ocean surface wind retrieval model for dual-polarization SAR (C-2POD)] are employed to construct a cost function. Minimization of the cost function allows optimum estimates for the wind speeds and directions. The wind direction ambiguities are removed using a parametric two-dimensional sea surface inflow angle model. To evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method, two RADARSAT-2 SAR images of Hurricanes Bill and Bertha are analyzed. The retrieved wind speeds and directions are compared with collocated Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) winds, showing good consistency. Results suggest that the proposed method has good potential to retrieve hurricane surface wind vectors from dual-polarization SAR observations. C1 [Zhang, Biao; He, Yijun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Marine Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Perrie, William] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Zhang, Jun A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Perrie, W (reprint author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, 1 Challenger Dr,POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM william.perrie@dfo-mpo.gc.ca RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; HE, Yijun/Q-5014-2016 OI HE, Yijun/0000-0002-1531-5262 FU Chinese National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program [2013AA09A505]; Natural Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2012467]; Natural Science State Key Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2011008]; National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China [41206171]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41176160]; State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography; South China Sea Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences [LTO1206]; Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology [S8111003001]; Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD); Canadian Space Agency GRIP FX The authors thank the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) for providing RADARSAT-2 dual-polarization SAR hurricane imagery, and NOAA HRD and NDBC for supplying SFMR and buoy observations, respectively. This work was supported by Chinese National High Technology Research and Development (863) Program Grant 2013AA09A505, Natural Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province Grant BK2012467, Natural Science State Key Foundation of Jiangsu Province Grant BK2011008, National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China Grant 41206171, National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 41176160, State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant LTO1206, Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology and Grant S8111003001, a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and Canadian Space Agency GRIP funding. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which greatly helped to improve the manuscript. NR 66 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 272 EP 286 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00006.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA3XX UT WOS:000331029600002 ER PT J AU Kim, HS Lozano, C Tallapragada, V Iredell, D Sheinin, D Tolman, HL Gerald, VM Sims, J AF Kim, Hyun-Sook Lozano, Carlos Tallapragada, Vijay Iredell, Dan Sheinin, Dmitry Tolman, Hendrik L. Gerald, Vera M. Sims, Jamese TI Performance of Ocean Simulations in the Coupled HWRF-HYCOM Model SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Short-range prediction; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting; Numerical analysis/modeling; Ocean models; Coupled models; Regional models ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HURRICANE PREDICTION SYSTEM; BULK ICE SCHEME; GULF-STREAM; VERTICAL DIFFUSIVITIES; DATA ASSIMILATION; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTENSITY; CIRCULATION; TURBULENCE AB This paper introduces a next-generation operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system that was developed at the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The new system, HWRF-Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), retains the same atmospheric component of operational HWRF, but it replaces the feature-model-based Princeton Ocean Model (POM) with the eddy-resolving HYCOM. The primary motivation is to improve enthalpy fluxes in the air-sea interface, by providing the best possible estimates of the balanced oceanic states using data assimilated Real-Time Ocean Forecast System products as oceanic initial conditions (IC) and boundary conditions. A proof-of-concept exercise of HWRF-HYCOM is conducted by validating ocean simulations, followed by the verification of hurricane forecasts. The ocean validation employs airborne expendable bathythermograph sampled during Hurricane Gustav (2008). Storm-driven sea surface temperature changes agree within 0.1 degrees and 0.5 degrees C of the mean and root-mean-square difference, respectively. In-storm deepening mixed layer and shoaling 26 degrees C isotherm depth are similar to observations, but they are overpredicted at similar magnitudes of their ICs. The forecast verification for 10 Atlantic hurricanes in 2008 and 2009 shows that HWRF-HYCOM improves intensity by 13.8% and reduces positive bias by 43.9% over HWRF-POM. The HWRF-HYCOM track forecast is indifferent, except for days 4 and 5, when it shows better skill (8%) than HWRF-POM. While this study proves the concept and results in a better skillful hurricane forecast, one well-defined conclusion is to improve the estimates of IC, particularly the oceanic upper layer. C1 [Kim, Hyun-Sook; Iredell, Dan; Sheinin, Dmitry] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Kim, Hyun-Sook; Lozano, Carlos; Iredell, Dan; Tolman, Hendrik L.; Gerald, Vera M.; Sims, Jamese] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tallapragada, Vijay] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sheinin, Dmitry] NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, Global Climate & Weather Modeling Branch, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Sims, Jamese] NOAA NWS OCWWS, Operat & Requirements Div, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kim, HS (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP EMC, Marine Modeling & Anal Branch, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM hyun.sook.kim@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 545 EP 559 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00013.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA3XX UT WOS:000331029600020 ER PT J AU Lee, OA Burkanov, V Neill, WH AF Lee, Olivia A. Burkanov, Vladimir Neill, William H. TI Population trends of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) from a metapopulation perspective SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Colonization; Migration; Mortality rate; Northern fur seal; Population trend ID PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PUP PRODUCTION; ALASKA; DECLINE; GROWTH; LIONS AB A metapopulation model was created to explore source-sink population dynamics in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), for which the largest source population is declining, but smaller, newly established populations are either stable or growing. A declining source population could therefore slow down the growth of newly established populations. We also investigated changes in mortality and birth rates that could stabilize the declining population trend on the Pribilof Islands. The six main breeding populations-in the Pribilof Islands, Commander Islands, Kuril Islands, Robben Island, San Miguel Island, and Bogoslof Island-were modeled as individual age-structured populations, that were linked together using a migration model. The migration model component allowed movement of subadults among the six populations, with rules based on distances between populations, average travel speeds, habitat preferences, and El Nino events. The metapopulation model revealed the importance of immigration to newly established populations during the first 8 years of population growth. After the initial growth period, additional immigration had no noticeable effect on population growth in sink populations. The population trend on the Pribilof Islands was difficult to stabilize, and immigration from smaller populations could not slow the population decline. Consequently, conservation of the Pribilof Islands population likely requires a long recovery period following reductions in population-specific mortality rates for adult females, juveniles and pups. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Lee, Olivia A.; Neill, William H.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lee, OA (reprint author), 903 Koyukuk Dr,POB 747320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM Olivia@gi.alaska.edu NR 63 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 451 BP 25 EP 34 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.10.029 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB3AN UT WOS:000331663800004 ER PT J AU Daly, B Long, WC AF Daly, Benjamin Long, W. Christopher TI Intra-guild predation among early benthic phase red and blue king crabs: Evidence for a habitat-mediated competitive advantage SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Competitive advantage; Intra-guild predation; Paralithodes camtschaticus; Paralithodes platypus; Prey preference ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS TILESIUS; JUVENILE RED; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; PRIBILOF-ISLANDS; SNOW CRAB; CANNIBALISM; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; ALASKA; COMPLEXITY AB The apparent shift in predominance of commercial crab species from blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) to red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) around the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA, may be driven by ecosystem-level processes such as competitive displacement or predation during early life stages. Specifically, intra-guild predation among species during the early benthic phase might be a source of mortality limiting blue Icing crab population recovery. In a laboratory experiment, we evaluated how varying ratios of prey species (year-0 blue and red king crabs) and habitat type (shell and cobble) affect prey preference of year-1 red Icing crabs. Year-0 red king crabs were preferentially consumed over blue king crabs in shell habitat, but not cobble, likely because the smaller interstitial spaces in shell reduced predator foraging efficiency and predator-prey encounter rates. Blue king crabs had high levels of crypsis regardless of habitat type or predator presence/absence, while red king crabs were less cryptic overall compared to blue king crabs, but aypsis increased when predators were present. Preference for red king crabs in shell may reflect divergent adaptations between species for minimizing predation. Blue king crab's light, mottled coloration and relatively smooth, flat carapace is well adapted for visual and physical crypsis in shell habitat while the monochromatic, dark coloration and pronounced spination of red king crabs may make them more conspicuous. Our results show that habitat can mediate intra-guild predation between Paralithodes species and suggest that shell material may provide blue king crabs a competitive advantage over red king crabs. The extent of shell habitat may be an important factor regulating blue king crab distribution or the recovery of depleted populations around the Pribilof Islands. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Daly, Benjamin; Long, W. Christopher] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Daly, B (reprint author), NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM ben.daly@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 EI 1879-1697 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 451 BP 98 EP 104 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2013.11.011 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB3AN UT WOS:000331663800012 ER PT J AU Cheon, WG Park, YG Toggweiler, JR Lee, SK AF Cheon, Woo Geun Park, Young-Gyu Toggweiler, J. R. Lee, Sang-Ki TI The Relationship of Weddell Polynya and Open-Ocean Deep Convection to the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Circulation/ Dynamics; Ocean dynamics; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Ocean circulation ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; SEA-ICE MODEL; DRAKE PASSAGE; CIRCULATION MODELS; WORLD OCEAN; VARIABILITY; WATER; TRANSPORT; WINDS; THERMOHALINE AB The Weddell Polynya of the mid-1970s is simulated in an energy balance model (EBM) sea ice-ocean coupled general circulation model (GCM) with an abrupt 20% increase in the intensity of Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerlies. This small upshift of applied wind stress is viewed as a stand in for the stronger zonal winds that developed in the mid-1970s following a long interval of relatively weak zonal winds between 1954 and 1972. Following the strengthening of the westerlies in this model, the cyclonic Weddell gyre intensifies, raising relatively warm Weddell Sea Deep Water to the surface. The raised warm water then melts sea ice or prevents it from forming to produce the Weddell Polynya. Within the polynya, large heat loss to the air causes surface water to become cold and sink to the bottom via open-ocean deep convection. Thus, the underlying layers cool down, the warm water supply to the surface eventually stops, and the polynya cannot be maintained anymore. During the 100-yr-long model simulation, two Weddell Polynya events are observed. The second one occurs a few years after the first one disappears; it is much weaker and persists for less time than the first one because the underlying layer is cooler. Based on these model simulations, the authors hypothesize that the Weddell Polynya and open-ocean deep convection were responses to the stronger SH westerlies that followed a prolonged weak phase of the southern annular mode. C1 [Cheon, Woo Geun] Agcy Def Dev, R&D Inst 1 6, Jinhae, South Korea. [Park, Young-Gyu] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ocean Circulat & Climate Res Div, Ansan, South Korea. [Toggweiler, J. R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Park, YG (reprint author), Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Ocean Circulat & Climate Res Div, 787 Hean Ro St, Ansan, South Korea. EM ypark@kordi.re.kr RI Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011 OI Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545 FU National Research Foundation of Korea; Korean Government (MEST) KIOST Project [NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093042, PE 98991]; [311776-912221201] FX The authors thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive comments and suggestions that helped us greatly. This research has been sponsored by the Project 311776-912221201 administrated by the Korean Agency for Defense Development and by the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2009-C1AAA001-2009-0093042) KIOST Project PE 98991. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 IS 2 BP 694 EP 713 DI 10.1175/JPO-D-13-0112.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AA3VY UT WOS:000331024500017 ER PT J AU Godin, OA Irisov, VG Charnotskii, MI AF Godin, Oleg A. Irisov, Vladimir G. Charnotskii, Mikhail I. TI Passive acoustic measurements of wind velocity and sound speed in air SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CROSS-CORRELATION; GREENS-FUNCTION; INTERFEROMETRY; ARRAY AB Random acoustic fields generated by uncorrelated sources in moving media contain information about the propagation environment, including sound speed and flow velocity. This information can be recovered by noise interferometry. Here interferometric techniques are applied to road traffic noise. Acoustic travel times and their nonreciprocity are retrieved from two-point cross-correlation functions of noise. The feasibility of passive acoustic measurements of wind velocity using diffuse noise is experimentally demonstrated for the first time. The accuracy of the interferometric measurements of sound speed and wind velocity is confirmed by comparison with in situ measurements of wind, air temperature, and humidity. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Irisov, Vladimir G.; Charnotskii, Mikhail I.] Zel Technol LLC, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.; Irisov, Vladimir G.; Charnotskii, Mikhail I.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov; Vladimir.Irisov@noaa.gov; Mikhail.Charnotskii@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011; Charnotskii, Mikhail/A-7193-2013 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149; Charnotskii, Mikhail/0000-0002-8315-8254 FU NAVAIR under STTR Contract [N68335-12-C-0104] FX This work was supported, in part, by NAVAIR under STTR Contract No. N68335-12-C-0104. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 18 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 135 IS 2 BP EL68 EP EL74 DI 10.1121/1.4862885 PG 7 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AB5RL UT WOS:000331846000003 PM 25234917 ER PT J AU Makotyn, P Klauss, CE Goldberger, DL Cornell, EA Jin, DS AF Makotyn, P. Klauss, C. E. Goldberger, D. L. Cornell, E. A. Jin, D. S. TI Universal dynamics of a degenerate unitary Bose gas SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FERMI GAS; 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; ULTRACOLD ATOMS AB From neutron stars to high-temperature superconductors, strongly interacting many-body systems at or near quantum degeneracy are a rich source of intriguing phenomena. The microscopic structure of the first-discovered quantum fluid, superfluid liquid helium, is difficult to access owing to limited experimental probes. Although an ultracold atomic Bose gas with tunable interactions (characterized by its scattering length, a) had been proposed as an alternative strongly interacting Bose system(1-8), experimental progress(9-12) has been limited by its short lifetime. Here we present time-resolved measurements of the momentum distribution of a Bose-condensed gas that is suddenly jumped to unitarity, where a = infinity. Contrary to expectation, we observe that the gas lives long enough to permit the momentum to evolve to a quasi-steady-state distribution, consistent with universality, while remaining degenerate. Investigations of the time evolution of this unitary Bose gas may lead to a deeper understanding of quantum many-body physics. C1 [Cornell, E. A.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cornell, EA (reprint author), NIST, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cornell@jila.colorado.edu; jin@jilau1.colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [1125844]; ONR; NIST FX This material is based on work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Number 1125844, the ONR and the NIST. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 31 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 10 IS 2 BP 116 EP 119 DI 10.1038/NPHYS2850 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB9US UT WOS:000332141800015 ER PT J AU Wu, JY Gronewold, AD Rodriguez, RA Stewart, JR Sobsey, MD AF Wu, Jianyong Gronewold, Andrew D. Rodriguez, Roberto A. Stewart, Jill R. Sobsey, Mark D. TI Integrating quantitative PCR and Bayesian statistics in quantifying human adenoviruses in small volumes of source water SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Bayesian statistics; Evaporation method; Human adenoviruses; Quantitative PCR; Source water; Uncertainty analysis ID TAP WATER; ENTERIC VIRUSES; DRINKING-WATER; RIVER; ULTRAFILTRATION; QUANTIFICATION; ENTEROVIRUSES; UNCERTAINTY; PATHOGENS; RECOVERY AB Rapid quantification of viral pathogens in drinking and recreational water can help reduce waterborne disease risks. For this purpose, samples in small volume (e.g. 1 L) are favored because of the convenience of collection, transportation and processing. However, the results of viral analysis are often subject to uncertainty. To overcome this limitation, we propose an approach that integrates Bayesian statistics, efficient concentration methods, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) to quantify viral pathogens in water. Using this approach, we quantified human adenoviruses (HAdVs) in eighteen samples of source water collected from six drinking water treatment plants. HAdVs were found in seven samples. In the other eleven samples, HAdVs were not detected by qPCR, but might have existed based on Bayesian inference. Our integrated approach that quantifies uncertainty provides a better understanding than conventional assessments of potential risks to public health, particularly in cases when pathogens may present a threat but cannot be detected by traditional methods. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Jianyong; Rodriguez, Roberto A.; Stewart, Jill R.; Sobsey, Mark D.] Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Gronewold, Andrew D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. RP Wu, JY (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Gillings Sch Global Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM jianyong.wu@alumni.unc.edu RI Wu, Jianyong/A-6854-2011; OI Wu, Jianyong/0000-0002-5864-3186; Gronewold, Andrew/0000-0002-3576-2529 FU Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; United States National Institutes of Health [5 R01 TW008066] FX We thank Doug Wait for his technical assistance on the experiments, and Craig Stow for his suggestions in the model construction. The study was partly supported by a graduate research fund from the Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and by grant 5 R01 TW008066 from the United States National Institutes of Health. This is NOAA-GLERL contribution number 1683. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 470 BP 255 EP 262 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.09.026 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AA9LS UT WOS:000331415600029 PM 24140696 ER PT J AU Coughlin, ER Begelman, MC AF Coughlin, Eric R. Begelman, Mitchell C. TI HYPERACCRETION DURING TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENTS: WEAKLY BOUND DEBRIS ENVELOPES AND JETS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion; accretion disks; black hole physics; galaxies: jets; galaxies: nuclei; X-rays: galaxies X-rays: individual (Swift J1644+57) ID MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; GAMMA-RAY BURSTS; LOCAL SHEAR INSTABILITY; ACCRETION DISKS; GALACTIC NUCLEI; MAGNETIZED DISKS; SWIFT J1644+57; NGC 5905; STARS; OUTBURST AB After the destruction of the star during a tidal disruption event (TDE), the cataclysmic encounter between a star and the supermassive black hole (SMBH) of a galaxy, approximately half of the original stellar debris falls back onto the hole at a rate that can initially exceed the Eddington limit by orders of magnitude. We argue that the angular momentum of this matter is too low to allow it to attain a disk-like configuration with accretion proceeding at a mildly super-Eddington rate, the excess energy being carried away by a combination of radiative losses and radially distributed winds. Instead, we propose that the infalling gas traps accretion energy until it inflates into a weakly bound, quasi-spherical structure with gas extending nearly to the poles. We study the structure and evolution of such "zero-Bernoulli accretion" flows as a model for the super-Eddington phase of TDEs. We argue that such flows cannot stop extremely super-Eddington accretion from occurring, and that once the envelope is maximally inflated, any excess accretion energy escapes through the poles in the form of powerful jets. We compare the predictions of our model to Swift J1644+57, the putative super-Eddington TDE, and show that it can qualitatively reproduce some of its observed features. Similar models, including self-gravity, could be applicable to gamma-ray bursts from collapsars and the growth of SMBH seeds inside quasi-stars. C1 [Coughlin, Eric R.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Coughlin, ER (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM eric.coughlin@colorado.edu; mitch@jila.colorado.edu OI Coughlin, Eric/0000-0003-3765-6401 FU NSF [AST-0907872]; NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program FX This work was supported in part by NSF grant AST-0907872 and NASA's Fermi Guest Investigator Program. We thank Phil Armitage and Greg Salvesen for comments on an early draft. The authors thank the anonymous referee for useful and insightful suggestions. NR 71 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 781 IS 2 AR 82 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/781/2/82 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AA5WV UT WOS:000331171200026 ER PT J AU Stachura, MM Mantua, NJ Scheuerell, MD AF Stachura, Megan M. Mantua, Nathan J. Scheuerell, Mark D. TI Oceanographic influences on patterns in North Pacific salmon abundance SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ALASKAN SOCKEYE-SALMON; DYNAMIC FACTOR-ANALYSIS; PINK SALMON; SURVIVAL RATES; TIME-SERIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMON TRENDS; CHUM SALMON; SPATIAL COVARIATION AB We identified three dominant patterns of temporal variation (1951-2002) in the abundance of 34 stock groups of wild North American and Asian pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) that were related to patterns of oceanographic variability. We identified these patterns using three different ordination methods and found consistent patterns across these methods. Alaskan salmon dominated the most prominent pattern, which exhibited a positive abundance shift in the mid-1970s. In general, warm (cold) periods in the Gulf of Alaska and eastern Bering Sea corresponded with high (low) abundance years for these stock groups. The second abundance pattern captured differences among Asian, northern North American, and southern North American population groups and was associated with an intense, large-scale Aleutian Low. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis that identifies regional patterns of covariation in salmon abundance around the entire North Pacific Rim, and it highlights the existence of basin-wide covariations in wild salmon abundance that are associated with spatially coherent and regionally distinct patterns in North Pacific climate. C1 [Stachura, Megan M.; Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stachura, MM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mstachur@u.washington.edu RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 FU University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence; North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program; Camille and Jim Uhlir Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Endowment FX Funding for M.S. was provided by the University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences H. Mason Keeler Endowment for Excellence, the North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity (NPCREP) program, and the Camille and Jim Uhlir Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS) Endowment. Anne Hollowed, Ray Hilborn, Tim Essington, Randall Peterman, and one anonymous reviewer provided comments and suggestions that greatly improved this article. Greg Ruggerone provided an earlier version of Figure 1. NR 56 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 41 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 226 EP 235 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0367 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AA9ZH UT WOS:000331451100005 ER PT J AU Lehuta, S Holland, DS Pershing, AJ AF Lehuta, Sigrid Holland, Daniel S. Pershing, Andrew J. TI Investigating interconnected fisheries: a coupled model of the lobster and herring fisheries in New England SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HOMARUS-AMERICANUS POPULATIONS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; LARGE-SCALE; MANAGEMENT; MAINE; EXPLOITATION; UNCERTAINTY; ATLANTIC; LESSONS; SETTLEMENT AB Ostensibly separate fisheries are often linked through ecological, environmental, and human mediated processes that can impact their productivity, profitability, and resilience; however, managers rarely explicitly account for these linkages. We present a coupled bioeconomic model of the American lobster (Homarus americanus) and Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) fisheries in the northeast United States. The model builds upon existing stock assessment models and includes key characteristics of both fisheries including size- or age-structured populations, seasonal patterns of lobster exploitation, and seasonal-spatial patterns of herring exploitation. The lobster and herring models are linked through a bait market module that drives behavior of the herring fleet and affects catches, costs, and revenues in both fisheries. The model illustrates how changes in management or ecosystem conditions in one fishery can propagate to another. The model suggests that the lobster fishery is robust to declines in herring recruitment and limited changes in the spatial allocation of the herring total allowable catch. However, herring catches and stocks are affected by changes in lobster management that impact effort levels. C1 [Lehuta, Sigrid; Pershing, Andrew J.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. [Holland, Daniel S.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Pershing, Andrew J.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Lehuta, S (reprint author), IFREMER, Unite Ecol & Modeles Halieut, Rue Ile Yeu, F-44311 Nantes 03, France. EM slehuta@ifremer.fr OI Holland, Daniel/0000-0002-4493-859X FU National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program [0709527] FX This work was funded by the National Science Foundation, Coupled Natural and Human Systems Program (Award #0709527). The authors wish to thank Yong Chen and Jui-Han Chang (University of Maine) who helped in the development and programming for the lobster model, Jonathan Deroba (NOAA) and Matthew Cieri (Maine DMR) who provided data on the herring fishery and helped shape the herring model, Jonathan Grabowski (Marine Science Center, Northeastern University) who provided guidance for the modeling of bait effect on lobster growth, and Min-Yang Lee (NOAA) who provided data on herring harvest costs. The authors also thank three anonymous reviewers and the associate editor for valued comments that improved the manuscript. NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 71 IS 2 BP 272 EP 289 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0185 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AA9ZH UT WOS:000331451100009 ER PT J AU Henri, J Leighfield, TA Lanceleur, R Huguet, A Ramsdell, JS Fessard, V AF Henri, Jerome Leighfield, Tod A. Lanceleur, Rachelle Huguet, Antoine Ramsdell, John S. Fessard, Valerie TI Permeability of dihydro- and cysteine-brevetoxin metabolites across a Caco-2 cell monolayer SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Brevetoxin; Metabolites; Caco-2; Intestinal permeability ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; KARENIA-BREVIS CULTURES; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; NEW-ZEALAND; CONTROLLED EXPOSURES; GREENSHELL MUSSELS; GYMNODINIUM; TOXIN; SHELLFISH; DAVIS AB Brevetoxin B is a highly reactive molecule, due in part to an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde group at the terminal side chain, leading to metabolism by reduction, oxidation and conjugation. These reactions have little effect to reduce intrinsic activity at the voltage-gated sodium channel or during toxicity testing by either enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or mouse bioassay. Here we investigate the potential for intestinal absorption of the two most abundant brevetoxins present in Gulf of Mexico oysters using human Caco-2 cell monolayers, a widely utilized in vitro test to predict oral bioavailability of drugs and their metabolites. We found that both dihydrobrevetoxin B and cysteine brevetoxin B were rapidly taken up by the Caco-2 monolayer. However, only dihydrobrevetoxin B passes through the monolayer to reach the basal compartment. Dihydrobrevetoxin B has a moderate apparent permeability coefficient of 1.6 x 10(-6) cm/s at 500 ng/mL and nearly 50% of the toxin passes from the apical to basal compartment in 24 h. The inability of the cysteine brevetoxin B to pass through an intestinal epithelial barrier suggests that this bioactive brevetoxin metabolite that persists in shellfish may not contribute to neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Henri, Jerome; Lanceleur, Rachelle; Huguet, Antoine; Fessard, Valerie] ANSES French Agcy Food Environm & Occupat Hlth &, Fougeres Lab, F-35302 Fougeres, France. [Leighfield, Tod A.; Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Henri, J (reprint author), ANSES Fougeres Lab, 10B Rue Claude Bourgelat BP 90203, F-35302 Fougeres, France. EM jerome.henri@anses.fr FU ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This work was supported by ANSES - French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety and the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD FEB PY 2014 VL 32 BP 22 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2013.11.007 PG 5 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB0WA UT WOS:000331511600003 ER PT J AU Lakshmanan, V Humphrey, TW AF Lakshmanan, Valliappa Humphrey, Timothy W. TI A MapReduce Technique to Mosaic Continental-Scale Weather Radar Data in Real-Time SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE MapReduce; radar mosaic; weather radar ID OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; PART I; REFLECTIVITY; IDENTIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; RANGE AB It is necessary to create continental-scale mosaics of radar data in real-time for applications ranging from precipitation estimation, hail diagnosis and tornado warnings to public awareness. Because of the high temporal and spatial resolution of data available from the United States' network of weather radars, creating radar mosaics in real-time has been possible only through compromises on the quality, timeliness or resolution of themosaics. MapReduce is a programming model that can be employed for processing and generating large data sets by distributing parallel computations and data storage across a distributed cluster of machines. In this paper, a MapReduce approach to computing radar mosaics on a distributed cluster of compute nodes is presented. The approach is massively scalable, and is able to create high-resolution 3D radar mosaics over the Continental United States in real-time. C1 [Lakshmanan, Valliappa] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73071 USA. [Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Humphrey, Timothy W.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Humphrey, Timothy W.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73071 USA. RP Lakshmanan, V (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73071 USA. EM lakshman@ou.edu FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072] FX Funding for the authors was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-OU Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1939-1404 EI 2151-1535 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 721 EP 732 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2013.2282040 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AB0BS UT WOS:000331457400028 ER PT J AU Agarwal, A Choe, L Varma, AH AF Agarwal, Anil Choe, Lisa Varma, Amit H. TI Fire design of steel columns: Effects of thermal gradients SO JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Columns; Fire; Thermal gradient; Elevated temperature; Column design; Beam-column ID ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; STABILITY; SECTIONS; CRITERIA AB The behavior and design of steel columns subjected to thermal gradients due to fire loading were evaluated numerically and experimentally. The numerical (FEM) modeling approach was verified using experimental data from large-scale tests. The FEM modeling approach was used to conduct parametric studies to evaluate the effects of different heating configurations on steel column strength, and failure behavior at elevated temperatures. The analyses were conducted by coupling transient heat transfer analysis with implicit dynamic stress analysis. Columns subjected to four sided heating configuration had uniform temperature distributions through the cross-section. The columns were subjected to non-uniform (partial) heating to produce thermal gradients through the cross-section. The analysis results indicated that the column strength and failure behavior depended on the column slenderness, axial loading, and heating Configuration. Failure modes included flexural buckling about the weak axis, flexural buckling about the strong axis, and flexural-torsional buckling. The analysis results also indicated that columns subjected to uniform heating had significantly higher heat influx. In most cases, columns subjected to non-uniform heating failed at lower average temperatures than columns subjected to uniform heating. However, the columns subjected to uniform heating reached their failure temperatures faster than the columns subjected to non-uniform heating due to the higher heat influx. The exceptions were very slender columns subjected to axial loads greater than 50% of their ambient load capacity. The results from the parametric studies were used to develop design equations for wide flange steel columns subjected to non-uniform heating resulting in thermal gradients through the cross-section. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Agarwal, Anil] Bentley Syst Inc, Exton, PA 19341 USA. [Choe, Lisa] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. [Varma, Amit H.] Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Eng, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Agarwal, A (reprint author), 515 Mullica Hill Rd,A209, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. EM anilagar001@gmail.com; lisa.choe@nist.gov; ahvarma@purdue.edu OI Varma, Amit/0000-0001-7153-4681 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-974X EI 1873-5983 J9 J CONSTR STEEL RES JI J. Constr. Steel. Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 93 BP 107 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.10.023 PG 12 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AA8MA UT WOS:000331348400011 ER PT J AU Gilliam, DM Yue, AT AF Gilliam, David M. Yue, Andrew T. TI Improvements in the characterization of actinide targets by low solid-angle counting SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th World Conference of the International-Nuclear-Target-Development-Society (INTDS) CY AUG 19-24, 2012 CL Mainz, GERMANY DE Characterization; Alpha-particle assay; Actinide; Efficiency; Alpha-particle counting ID NEUTRON LIFETIME AB In a paper presented in the Proceedings of the 19th World Conference of the INTDS, 1998, the results of a blind comparison between groups at NIST and the IRMM showed excellent agreement in characterization of actinide targets by alpha-particle counting with low solid-angle geometry. At that time the most accurate NIST results estimated an uncertainty of 0.03 % for the solid-angle determination. The NIST Neutron Physics Group now has improved the accuracy of its solid-angle determination by about a factor of 4, based on an improved aperture design, improved metrology, and comparisons among independent metrology techniques at NIST. Applications of this improved technology are expected to include improved NIST measurements of the free neutron lifetime and a recalibration of the NIST standard for neutron emission rate, NBS-I. C1 [Gilliam, David M.; Yue, Andrew T.] NIST, Neutron Phys Grp, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yue, Andrew T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, Energy Res Facil, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gilliam, DM (reprint author), NIST, Neutron Phys Grp, Radiat & Biomol Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.gilliam@nist.gov OI Yue, Andrew/0000-0001-5340-8470 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 299 IS 2 BP 1061 EP 1065 DI 10.1007/s10967-013-2647-z PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA AB8HP UT WOS:000332031300025 ER PT J AU Yano, S Louca, D Chi, SX Matsuda, M Qiu, YM Copley, JRD Cheong, SW AF Yano, Shin-ichiro Louca, Despina Chi, Songxue Matsuda, Masaaki Qiu, Yiming Copley, John R. D. Cheong, Sang-Wook TI Intertwining of Frustration with Magneto-Elastic Coupling in the Multiferroic LuMnO3 SO JOURNAL OF THE PHYSICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID MAGNETS; RMNO3; DIFFRACTION; YB; HO; TM; ER; LU AB Residual magnetic frustration in the multiferroic LuMnO3 may be key towards understanding magneto-elastic coupling in hexagonal manganites. Critical magnetic scattering present well above the magnetic ordering temperature T-N persists below, as observed by inelastic neutron scattering. The magnetic fluctuations are confined in two dimensions implied by the characteristic wavevector dependence of the magnetic structure factor that changes from symmetric to asymmetric across T-N. The low dimensionality of the magnetic structure is also evident in the temperature dependence of the commensurate antiferromagnetic intensity which follows a mean field exponent of beta similar to 0.2. C1 [Yano, Shin-ichiro; Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Chi, Songxue; Matsuda, Masaaki] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Qiu, Yiming; Copley, John R. D.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Yiming; Copley, John R. D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cheong, Sang-Wook] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Cheong, Sang-Wook] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Yano, S (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM sy3a@virginia.edu RI Chi, Songxue/A-6713-2013; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016 OI Chi, Songxue/0000-0002-3851-9153; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526 FU U.S. Department of Energy at the University of Virginia [DE-FG02-01ER45927]; U.S. Department of Energy at Rutgers [DE-FG02-07ER46382]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The authors would like to acknowledge A. Athauda and B. Li for their help with the experiment and S.-H. Lee for valuable discussions. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under contracts DE-FG02-01ER45927 at the University of Virginia and by DE-FG02-07ER46382 at Rutgers. The NCNR DCS is supported by the National Science Foundation under contract DMR-0944772. The research at the High Flux Isotope Reactor at ORNL was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 27 PU PHYSICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA YUSHIMA URBAN BUILDING 5F, 2-31-22 YUSHIMA, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0034, JAPAN SN 0031-9015 J9 J PHYS SOC JPN JI J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 83 IS 2 AR 024601 DI 10.7566/JPSJ.83.024601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AA6RS UT WOS:000331226300020 ER PT J AU Ma, L Low, S Song, J AF Ma, Li Low, Samuel Song, John TI A method to determine the spherical indentation contact boundary diameter in elastic-plastic materials SO MECHANICS OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Finite element analysis (FEA); Hardness test; Indentation; Pile-up/sink-in ID PILE-UP; YIELD SURFACES; HARDNESS; LOAD; MODULUS; DEPTH AB Significant measurement differences in Brinell spherical hardness test results have been continually observed worldwide largely due to the edge of the indentation not being a distinct boundary. The boundary is instead a curved surface from either material piling up (pile-up) or sinking in (sink-in), making it difficult to clearly resolve the edge of the indentation and thus to determine the indentation diameter from the optical microscope measurement. The indenter/material contact boundary under the test force should be the basis for the Brinell spherical indentation diameter; however, the contact boundary cannot be observed using an optical microscope after the indenter is removed as is required by the test methods. It is also a critical issue to derive the contact diameter from load depth relations in the widely used instrumented indentation. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to study the contact location at the indentation boundary. Meanwhile, Brinell hardness indentations were made and measured. The characteristics of the indentation profiles from the experimental measurement showed the same trend with that from FEA models. Various parameters that would affect the indentation pile-up or sink-in conditions, including the material's strain hardening, ratio of Young's modulus to yielding stress, indentation depth and friction, were studied from the FEA model. A physical measurement method is developed to determine effectively the indentation contact position. Applying the new method, the deviation of the measured indentation diameter from the actual contact diameter was estimated for each indentation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ma, Li; Low, Samuel; Song, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Li] Kent State Univ, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Ma, L (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM li.ma@nist.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6636 EI 1872-7743 J9 MECH MATER JI Mech. Mater. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 69 IS 1 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.mechmat.2013.11.001 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA AA8NK UT WOS:000331352000017 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL AF Rukhin, Andrew L. TI Compatibility verification of certified reference materials and user measurements SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE compatibility testing; necessary sample size; power; Stein procedure; uncertainty; interval ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY; UNCORRECTED BIAS; LABORATORIES AB A problem that frequently occurs in metrology is one of assessing compatibility of data obtained by a user laboratory with the specified values and uncertainty estimates from the certificate of analysis. The user's data are summarized by an estimated measurand value and a confidence interval, which is typically based on a repeatability standard deviation, but may include other variance or bias components. If the lab's interval and the certificate interval do not overlap, or more generally when the 'no-bias' hypothesis is rejected, the user may seek guidance on how to confirm this lack of compatibility or how to rectify it. The suggested two-stage statistical approach demonstrates a confidence interval whose width is similar to that of the certificate, and a compatibility test of guaranteed power for the given bias magnitude. Practical computationally simple formulae for each stage sample size are provided. C1 NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/1/11 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AA6KB UT WOS:000331206100005 ER PT J AU Moldover, MR Gavioso, RM Mehl, JB Pitre, L de Podesta, M Zhang, JT AF Moldover, M. R. Gavioso, R. M. Mehl, J. B. Pitre, L. de Podesta, M. Zhang, J. T. TI Acoustic gas thermometry SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Review DE thermometry; thermodynamic temperature; acoustic resonators; microwave resonators; thermophysics; speed of sound; properties of gases; helium; argon; kelvin; units ID 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; EQUATION-OF-STATE; BOLTZMANN CONSTANT; DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY; SPHERICAL RESONATORS; ARGON; SOUND; HELIUM; CAVITY; TEMPERATURES AB We review the principles, techniques and results from primary acoustic gas thermometry (AGT). Since the establishment of ITS-90, the International Temperature Scale of 1990, spherical and quasi-spherical cavity resonators have been used to realize primary AGT in the temperature range 7 K to 552 K. Throughout the sub-range 90 K < T < 384 K, at least two laboratories measured (T - T-90). (Here T is the thermodynamic temperature and T-90 is the temperature on ITS-90.) With a minor exception, the resulting values of (T - T-90) are mutually consistent within 3 x 10(-6) T. These consistent measurements were obtained using helium and argon as thermometric gases inside cavities that had radii ranging from 40 mm to 90 mm and that had walls made of copper or aluminium or stainless steel. The AGT values of (T - T-90) fall on a smooth curve that is outside +/- u(T-90), the estimated uncertainty of T-90. Thus, the AGT results imply that ITS-90 has errors that could be reduced in a future temperature scale. Recently developed techniques imply that low-uncertainty AGT can be realized at temperatures up to 1350 K or higher and also at temperatures in the liquid-helium range. C1 [Moldover, M. R.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gavioso, R. M.] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Thermodynam Div, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Pitre, L.] Lab Commun Metrol LNE Cnam LCM, F-93210 St Denis, France. [de Podesta, M.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Zhang, J. T.] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Moldover, MR (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI pitre, laurent/0000-0001-9885-7544 NR 75 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 25 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD FEB PY 2014 VL 51 IS 1 BP R1 EP R19 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/1/R1 PG 19 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AA6KB UT WOS:000331206100001 ER PT J AU Cluer, B Thorne, C AF Cluer, B. Thorne, C. TI A STREAM EVOLUTION MODEL INTEGRATING HABITAT AND ECOSYSTEM BENEFITS SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID RIVER RESTORATION; FLOODPLAIN HABITATS; CALIFORNIA STREAMS; ALLUVIAL CHANNELS; NATURAL STREAMS; COHO SALMON; ECOLOGY; FISHES; MANAGEMENT; STEELHEAD C1 [Cluer, B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. [Thorne, C.] Univ Nottingham, Chair Phys Geog, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. RP Cluer, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 777 Sonoma Ave,Suite 325, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. EM brian.cluer@noaa.gov NR 86 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 135 EP 154 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AA6ZN UT WOS:000331246900001 ER PT J AU Beakes, MP Moore, JW Retford, N Brown, R Merz, JE Sogard, SM AF Beakes, M. P. Moore, J. W. Retford, N. Brown, R. Merz, J. E. Sogard, S. M. TI EVALUATING STATISTICAL APPROACHES TO QUANTIFYING JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON HABITAT IN A REGULATED CALIFORNIA RIVER SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID SUITABILITY CRITERIA; MODELS; TROUT; PREFERENCES; STREAM; HYDRAULICS; REGRESSION; SURVIVAL; FLOWS; REACH C1 [Beakes, M. P.; Moore, J. W.; Retford, N.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Retford, N.; Sogard, S. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Brown, R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Merz, J. E.] Cramer Fish Sci, West Sacramento, CA 95691 USA. [Beakes, M. P.; Moore, J. W.] Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Beakes, MP (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Earth Ocean Res Grp, 8888 Univ Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM mbeakes@sfu.ca FU Public Interest Energy Research Programme of the California Energy Commission through the Instream Flow Assessment Programme of the Centre of Aquatic Biology; Aquaculture of the University of California, Davis [019072-01] FX This research was supported and funded by the Public Interest Energy Research Programme of the California Energy Commission through the Instream Flow Assessment Programme of the Centre of Aquatic Biology and Aquaculture of the University of California, Davis (Contract Number 019072-01). Marc Mangel, William Satterthwaite, Andrew Shelton and Sean Anderson provided critical quantitative advice and insight. We thank Ethan Mora, Andrew Pike and Holly Davis for GIS support and Phillip Williams and Associates for providing a considerable proportion of the topographic data used to parameterize our hydrodynamic models. In addition, we would like to especially thank Mark Gard and the scientists from the USFWS, CA, for the assistance in field logistics and modelling advice, Cincin Young with the Instream Flow Assessment Programme for the considerable project support, and Ken Tiffen and one anonymous reviewer for their constructive criticism on a previous version of this manuscript. NR 56 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 180 EP 191 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA AA6ZN UT WOS:000331246900004 ER PT J AU Wu, YH Cordero, L Gross, B Moshary, F Ahmed, S AF Wu, Yonghua Cordero, Lina Gross, Barry Moshary, Fred Ahmed, Sam TI Assessment of CALIPSO attenuated backscatter and aerosol retrievals with a combined ground-based multi-wavelength lidar and sunphotometer measurement SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Lidar; Aerosol layer; Type classification; Extinction and backscatter ID TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CLOUD; VALIDATION; DUST AB CALIPSO Level-1 attenuated backscatter and Level-2 aerosol products (Version-3.01) are evaluated with a combined ground-based lidar and AERONET-sunphotometer measurements in the daytime over the New York metropolitan area. To assess the CALIPSO Level-1 product, we combine the co-located ground-lidar and sunphotometer to derive aerosol extinction and backscatter profiles, and then simulate the CALIPSO equivalent attenuated backscatter coefficients. Direct statistical comparisons show a strong correlation (R = 0.92) and modest relative errors. Both dust and smoke plume events are focused to evaluate CALIPSO Level-2 aerosol layer products. The CALIPSO algorithms for cloud-aerosol discrimination and aerosol type classification are shown for the most part to work well, with a few exceptions in cases of aloft plumes with high aerosol loading. Small partitions of dense smoke are misclassified as the clouds or polluted dusts in the CALIPSO product. The aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients are generally consistent between the CALIPSO and ground-based retrievals, but both geometric thickness and column optical depths of aerosol layers from CALIPSO products are underestimated. In addition, we find that some weakly scattering aerosol layers are clearly displayed by the ground-based lidar, but not identified by the current CALIPSO algorithm due to the detection sensitivity issue. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wu, Yonghua] CUNY, Optic Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. CUNY, NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Wu, YH (reprint author), CUNY, Optic Remote Sensing Lab, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM yhwu@ccny.cuny.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA11SEC4810004] FX This work is partially supported by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under CREST Grant # NA11SEC4810004. The authors appreciate the data product from NASA-CALIPSO and AERONET teams. The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. We gratefully acknowledged the comments from two anonymous reviewers. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 84 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.016 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302JZ UT WOS:000330602100007 ER PT J AU Lefohn, AS Emery, C Shadwick, D Wernli, H Jung, J Oltmans, SJ AF Lefohn, Allen S. Emery, Christopher Shadwick, Douglas Wernli, Heini Jung, Jeagun Oltmans, Samuel J. TI Estimates of background surface ozone concentrations in the United States based on model-derived source apportionment SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Background ozone; CAMx; Emissions-Influenced Background; Photochemical modeling; Source apportionment; Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport; Surface ozone; Trajectory modeling ID AIR-QUALITY MODEL; STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; CROSS-TROPOPAUSE EXCHANGE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; NORTH-AMERICA; POLICY; INTRUSIONS; LEVEL; VARIABILITY; EMISSIONS AB We analyze background surface ozone (O-3) concentrations as estimated by coupled GEOS-Chem/CAMx models for 23 monitoring sites across the US at high- and low-elevation, rural and urban locations during 2006. Specifically, we consider hourly contributions from global tropospheric O-3 entering North America, stratospheric O-3 over North America, and natural O-3 formed from continental biogenic, fire, and lightning sources according to CAMx source apportionment calculations. Unlike historical modeled background definitions that reflect the absence of anthropogenic emissions, we define "EmissionsInfluenced Background" (EIB), which includes chemical interactions with anthropogenic emissions and thus reflects "current" background levels at the sites analyzed. We further define global background O-3 (GBO(3)) as the sum of the global tropospheric and stratospheric components and find that higher modeled GBO(3) occurs during the spring at sites across the US. At many of the sites during the spring, fall, and winter months higher GBO(3) is associated with more frequent stratosphere-to-troposphere transport to the surface (SIT-S) events according to independent three-dimensional trajectories based on global meteorological analyses. Patterns of higher spring EIB O-3 are followed by lower values during the summer, due to heightened chemical interaction with anthropogenic sources, which are then followed by rising EIB O-3 during the fall and winter months. For some high-elevation western US sites, this seasonal pattern is less discernible due to relatively small anthropogenic contributions and the high EIB O-3 estimated throughout the year. EIB O-3 at all high-elevation sites contributes a significant proportion to total O-3 throughout the year and throughout the observed total O-3 frequency distribution, while EIB O-3 at most urban sites contributes a major portion to total O-3 during non-summer months and to the midrange concentrations (30-50 ppb) of the frequency distribution. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Emery, Christopher; Jung, Jeagun] ENVIRON Int Corp, Novato, CA 94945 USA. [Wernli, Heini] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lefohn, AS (reprint author), ASL & Associates, 302 North Last Chance Gulch, Helena, MT 59601 USA. EM alefohn@asl-associates.com; cemery@environcorp.com; dougshadwick@nc.rr.com; heini.wernli@env.ethz.ch; jjung@environcorp.com; Samuel.J.Oltmans@noaa.gov RI Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Wernli, Heini/F-1099-2016 OI Wernli, Heini/0000-0001-9674-4837 NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 84 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.033 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302JZ UT WOS:000330602100030 ER PT J AU Buesa, RJ AF Buesa, Rene J. TI Comparison of mangrove oyster shells lengths harvested in Cuba during the pre-Columbian era and the present day SO ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Mangrove oyster [Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding, 1828)] was intensely harvested in the pre-Columbian era by an aboriginal group of hunters and gatherers known as the Ciboney who lived exclusively in Western Cuba. During a comprehensive study of mangrove oyster fishing areas it was of interest to compare the population characteristics under contemporary exploitation with those in pre-Columbian times and for that purpose two samples were used: one from a Ciboney midden in an archeological site 3 km inland from the Jaruco River mouth and another from a commercially exploited population in the ecologically similar Tacajo River. The samples were studied with a 'shell classifier' of original design resulting in a mean length of 51.8 +/- 2.5 mm for the midden shells and 51.0 +/- 3.1 mm for the contemporary sample. Both values were not statistically different for any P > 0.10 meaning that the two populations they came from had similar characteristics. It was also concluded that the Ciboney's manual harvesting exerted less negative anthropogenic pressure on the mangrove oysters' populations than the contemporary commercial practices based on the use of metal instruments to gather the oysters along with the mangrove aerial roots they are attached to. This latter conclusion is based on the fact that oyster shells 41-80 mm long from the midden are 12% more abundant than in the modern sample, in spite of 500 years of weathering. C1 NOAA, Gulf Mexico Fisheries Management Council, Miramar, FL 33029 USA. RP Buesa, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, Gulf Mexico Fisheries Management Council, 19380 SW 24 St, Miramar, FL 33029 USA. EM rjbuesa@yahoo.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 1461-4103 EI 1749-6314 J9 ENVIRON ARCHAEOL JI Environ. Archaeol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 19 IS 1 BP 84 EP 87 DI 10.1179/1749631413Y.0000000013 PG 4 WC Archaeology; Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Archaeology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 303RS UT WOS:000330692500007 ER PT J AU Li, YG Zhang, GF Doviak, RJ AF Li, Yinguang Zhang, Guifu Doviak, Richard J. TI Ground Clutter Detection Using the Statistical Properties of Signals Received With a Polarimetric Radar SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Bayes methods; meteorological radar; radar clutter; radar detection; radar polarimetry; statistical analysis ID WEATHER; IDENTIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION AB Polarimetric weather radars provide additional measurements that allow better characterization of the targeted medium. Because ground clutter has different polarimetric characteristics from weather echoes, dual-polarization measurements can be used to distinguish one from the other. Ground clutter and weather signals also have different statistical properties which can be utilized to distinguish one from the other. A test statistic, obtained from the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), and a simple Bayesian classifier (SBC), with inputs from the mean and covariance of the received signals, are developed to detect ground clutter in the presence of weather signals. It is found that the test statistic produces false detections caused by narrow-band zero-velocity weather signals while the SBC can effectively neutralize them. This work is aimed at detecting ground clutter based solely on data from each resolution volume. The performances of the test statistic and SBC are shown by applying them to radar data collected with the University of Oklahoma-Polarimetric Radar for Innovation in Meteorology and Engineering. C1 [Li, Yinguang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Li, Yinguang; Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Zhang, Guifu] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Li, YG (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM yinguangli@ou.edu; guzhang1@ou.edu; Dick.Doviak@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 FU NOAA [NA08OAR4320904]; NSF [AGS-1046171] FX Manuscript received May 26, 2013; revised September 11, 2013 and October 28, 2013; accepted November 14, 2013. Date of publication November 26, 2013; date of current version January 14, 2014. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Prof. Emmanuel Candes. The work was supported by NOAA Grant NA08OAR4320904 and NSF Grant AGS-1046171. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1053-587X EI 1941-0476 J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 62 IS 3 BP 597 EP 606 DI 10.1109/TSP.2013.2293118 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA AA0FP UT WOS:000330771300007 ER PT J AU Wang, F Yang, S Higgins, W Li, QP Zuo, ZY AF Wang, Fang Yang, Song Higgins, Wayne Li, Qiaoping Zuo, Zhiyan TI Long-term changes in total and extreme precipitation over China and the United States and their links to oceanic-atmospheric features SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; NORTH-AMERICA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION; TRENDS; EAST; TELECONNECTION C1 [Wang, Fang; Li, Qiaoping] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Higgins, Wayne] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Zuo, Zhiyan] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), Sun Yat Sen Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 135 West Xingang Rd, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM yangsong3@mail.sysu.edu.cn FU R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) of China [GYHY20010622]; National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences of China [2009BAC51B03]; NOAA - China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program FX This study was partially supported by the R&D Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) (GYHY20010622) of China, the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (2009BAC51B03) of China, and the NOAA - China Meteorological Administration Bilateral Program. NR 54 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 34 IS 2 BP 286 EP 302 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA6CU UT WOS:000331187200002 ER PT J AU Fierro, AO Leslie, LM AF Fierro, Alexandre O. Leslie, Lance M. TI Relationships between Southeast Australian Temperature Anomalies and Large-Scale Climate Drivers SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Anomalies; Climate variability; Decadal variability; Interannual variability; Seasonal variability; Trends ID HEMISPHERE ANNULAR MODE; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; PACIFIC; IMPACTS; PRECIPITATION; ENSO AB Over the past century, particularly after the 1960s, observations of mean maximum temperatures reveal an increasing trend over the southeastern quadrant of the Australian continent. Correlation analysis of seasonally averaged mean maximum temperature anomaly data for the period 1958-2012 is carried out for a representative group of 10 stations in southeast Australia (SEAUS). For the warm season (November-April) there is a positive relationship with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and an inverse relationship with the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) for most stations. For the cool season (May-October), most stations exhibit similar relationships with the AAO, positive correlations with the dipole mode index (DMI), and marginal inverse relationships with the Southern Oscillation index (SOI) and the PDO. However, for both seasons, the blocking index (BI, as defined by M. Pook and T. Gibson) in the Tasman Sea (160 degrees E) clearly is the dominant climate mode affecting maximum temperature variability in SEAUS with negative correlations in the range from r = -0.30 to -0.65. These strong negative correlations arise from the usual definition of BI, which is positive when blocking high pressure systems occur over the Tasman Sea (near 45 degrees S, 160 degrees E), favoring the advection of modified cooler, higher-latitude maritime air over SEAUS.A point-by-point correlation with global sea surface temperatures (SSTs), principal component analysis, and wavelet power spectra support the relationships with ENSO and DMI. Notably, the analysis reveals that the maximum temperature variability of one group of stations is explained primarily by local factors (warmer near-coastal SSTs), rather than teleconnections with large-scale drivers. C1 [Fierro, Alexandre O.; Leslie, Lance M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Fierro, Alexandre O.] Univ Oklahoma, NOAA OAR Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Leslie, Lance M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Fierro, AO (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Suite 2100,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM afierro@ou.edu RI Fierro, Alexandre/C-4733-2014 OI Fierro, Alexandre/0000-0002-4859-1255 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma, U.S. Department of Commerce [NA11OAR4320072]; NESDIS program under National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce [NOAA-NESDIS-OAR-NA08OAR4320904] FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work is supported by the NESDIS program, which is under the auspices of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U.S. Department of Commerce under the Grant NOAA-NESDIS-OAR-NA08OAR4320904. Computer resources were provided both by the Oklahoma Supercomputing Center for Education and Research (OSCER) hosted at the University of Oklahoma. The authors also wish to thank Dr. W. Sasaki for providing the updated dataset for the Modoki index, Drs. L. Qi and M. Pook for providing the blocking index data, and Mr. T. Skinner for useful discussions that helped improve the quality of the manuscript. NR 71 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1395 EP 1412 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00229.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA0VS UT WOS:000330816100003 ER PT J AU Kelly, KA Thompson, L Lyman, J AF Kelly, Kathryn A. Thompson, LuAnne Lyman, John TI The Coherence and Impact of Meridional Heat Transport Anomalies in the Atlantic Ocean Inferred from Observations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Antarctic Oscillation; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Heating; Meridional overturning circulation; Ocean circulation; Energy transport ID OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; GULF-STREAM; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; FLUXES; PRECIPITATION; ALTIMETRY; PROJECT; STORAGE AB Observations of thermosteric sea level (TSL) from hydrographic data, equivalent water thickness (EWT) from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), and altimetric sea surface height (SSH) are used to infer meridional heat transport (MHT) anomalies for the Atlantic Ocean. An unknown control version of a Kalman filter in each of eight regions extracts smooth estimates of heat transport convergence (HTC) from discrepancies between the response to monthly surface heat and freshwater fluxes and observed mass and heat content. Two models are used: model A using only the heat budget for 1993-2010 and model B using both heat and mass budgets for 2003-10. Based on the small contributions of mass to SSH, model A is rerun using SSH in place of TSL to improve temporal resolution and data consistency. Estimates of MHT are derived by summing the HTC from north to south assuming either negligible anomalies at 67 degrees N or setting MHT to observed values near 40 degrees N. Both methods show that MHT is highly coherent between 35 degrees S and 40 degrees N. The former method gives a large drop in coherence north of 40 degrees N while the latter method gives a less dramatic drop. Estimated anomalies in MHT comparable to or larger than that recently observed at the Rapid Climate Change and Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID/MOCHA) line at 26.5 degrees N have occurred multiple times in this 18-yr period. Positive anomalies in coherent MHT correspond to increased heat loss in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre demonstrating the feedback of oceanic heat transport anomalies on air-sea fluxes. A correlation of MHT with the Antarctic Oscillation suggests a southern source for the coherent MHT anomalies. C1 [Kelly, Kathryn A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Thompson, LuAnne] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lyman, John] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lyman, John] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Kelly, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kkelly@apl.washington.edu FU NASA [61-7449]; University of Washington; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research; CNES; NASA MEASURES Program; NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) program; NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team FX KAK and LT were supported by NASA through Grant 61-7449 (Ocean Surface Topography Science Team) with the University of Washington. JL was supported by the NOAA Climate Program Office and the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. The sea level product MSS_CNES_CLS10 was produced by CLS Space Oceanography Division and distributed by Aviso, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/). The bulk of the in situ data was provided through the World Ocean Database 2005 and the Global Temperature-Salinity Profile Program (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov). Float data were collected and made freely available by the Argo Program (of the Global Ocean Observing System) and contributing national programs (http://www.argo.net/). GRACE gravity data were processed by Don P. Chambers, supported by the NASA MEASURES Program, and are available at http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov. The OAFlux project is located at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and is supported by both the NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring (COM) program and the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team. The Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Program (ISCCP) were both established as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) to provide access to global products. We thank J. Willis, W. Johns, S. Dong, and C. Meinen for making their MOC/MHT estimates available for comparison. J. Zhang computed the MHT estimates from HIM. Anonymous reviewers contributed to an improved analysis and presentation. NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1469 EP 1487 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00131.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA0VS UT WOS:000330816100007 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Wang, H Xue, Y Wang, WQ AF Kumar, Arun Wang, Hui Xue, Yan Wang, Wanqiu TI How Much of Monthly Subsurface Temperature Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Can Be Recovered by the Specification of Sea Surface Temperatures? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE ENSO; Data assimilation; Interannual variability; Oceanic variability ID NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; CLIMATE FORECAST SYSTEM; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; ENSO PREDICTION; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION; ENSEMBLE AB The focus of the analysis is to investigate the question to what extent the specification of sea surface temperature (SST) in coupled model integration can impart realistic evolution of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial tropical Pacific. In the context of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction, the analysis is of importance from two aspects: such a system can be considered as a simple coupled ocean data assimilation system that can provide ocean initial conditions; and what additional components of the ocean observing system may be crucial for skillful ENSO prediction.The results indicate that coupled model integration where SST is continuously nudged toward the observed state can generate a realistic evolution of subsurface ocean temperature. The evolution of slow variability related to ENSO, in particular, has a good resemblance against the observational counterpart. The realism of subsurface ocean temperature variability is highest near the date line and least in the far eastern Pacific where the thermocline is shallowest. The results are also discussed in the context of ocean observing system requirements for ENSO prediction. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Wang, Hui; Xue, Yan; Wang, Wanqiu] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Wang, Hui] Wyle Sci, Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCWCP, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1559 EP 1577 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00258.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA0VS UT WOS:000330816100012 ER PT J AU Guan, YH Zhu, JS Huang, BH Hu, ZZ Kinter, JL AF Guan, Yuanhong Zhu, Jieshun Huang, Bohua Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kinter, James L., III TI South Pacific Ocean Dipole: A Predictable Mode on Multiseasonal Time Scales SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE South Pacific Ocean; Subtropics; Seasonal forecasting; Interannual variability ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; INDIAN-OCEAN; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; EXPERIMENTAL FORECASTS; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; ENSO; EVENTS; SKILL AB Evaluating the climate hindcasts for 1982-2009 from the NCEP CFS Reanalysis and Reforecast (CFSRR) project using the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), this study identifies substantial areas of high prediction skill of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the South Pacific. The skill is the highest in the extratropical oceans on seasonal-to-interannual time scales, and it is only slightly lower than that for the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Two regions with the highest prediction skills in the South Pacific in both the CFSv2 and persistence hindcasts coincide with the active centers of opposite signs in the South Pacific Ocean dipole (SPOD) mode, a seesaw between the subtropical and extratropical SST in the South Pacific with a strong phase locking to austral summer. Interestingly, the CFSv2 prediction exhibits skillful predictions made three seasons ahead, more superior to the persistence forecast, suggesting significant dynamical predictability of the SPOD. An austral spring predictability barrier is noted in both the dynamical and persistence hindcasts. An analysis of the observational and model data suggests that the SPOD mode is significantly associated with ENSO, as an oceanic response to the atmospheric planetary wave trains forced by the anomalous atmospheric heating in the western Pacific. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the pattern of subtropical SST dipole is ubiquitous in the Southern Ocean, the SPOD has been least known and studied, compared with its counterparts in the south Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Since the SPOD is the most predictable oceanic mode in the whole Southern Hemisphere, its climate effects for local and remote regions should be further studied. C1 [Guan, Yuanhong] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Sch Math & Stat, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Guan, Yuanhong; Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Guan, Yuanhong; Huang, Bohua; Kinter, James L., III] George Mason Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Earth Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Jieshun] George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Zhu, JS (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 270 Res Hall,Mail Stop 6C5,4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM jieshun@cola.iges.org RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011; Kinter, James/A-8610-2015; OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400; Kinter, James/0000-0002-6277-0559; Zhu, Jieshun/0000-0002-1508-9808 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41105057, 41105096]; Chinese Meteorological Industry-specific Fund [GYHY201206002]; NSF [ATM-0830068]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310058]; NASA [NNX09AN50G] FX YG is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41105057 and 41105096), and Chinese Meteorological Industry-specific Fund (GYHY201206002). JZ, BH, and JK are supported by grants from NSF (Grant ATM-0830068), NOAA (Grant NA09OAR4310058), and NASA (Grant NNX09AN50G). We acknowledge T. DelSole, L. Jia, and L. Marx for conducting the CFSv2 long-term free run. Thanks also go to two reviewers for their constructive suggestions. NR 31 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1648 EP 1658 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00293.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA0VS UT WOS:000330816100017 ER PT J AU Liao, J Huey, LG Liu, Z Tanner, DJ Cantrell, CA Orlando, JJ Flocke, FM Shepson, PB Weinheimer, AJ Hall, SR Ullmann, K Beine, HJ Wang, YH Ingall, ED Stephens, CR Hornbrook, RS Apel, EC Riemer, D Fried, A Mauldin, RL Smith, JN Staebler, RM Neuman, JA Nowak, JB AF Liao, Jin Huey, L. Gregory Liu, Zhen Tanner, David J. Cantrell, Chris A. Orlando, John J. Flocke, Frank M. Shepson, Paul B. Weinheimer, Andrew J. Hall, Samuel R. Ullmann, Kirk Beine, Harry J. Wang, Yuhang Ingall, Ellery D. Stephens, Chelsea R. Hornbrook, Rebecca S. Apel, Eric C. Riemer, Daniel Fried, Alan Mauldin, Roy L., III Smith, James N. Staebler, Ralf M. Neuman, J. Andrew Nowak, John B. TI High levels of molecular chlorine in the Arctic atmosphere SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CL ATOM; CHEMISTRY; PHOTOLYSIS; BROMINE; OZONE; AIR; KINETICS AB Chlorine radicals can function as a strong atmospheric oxidant(1-3), particularly in polar regions, where levels of hydroxyl radicals are low. In the atmosphere, chlorine radicals expedite the degradation of methane(4-6) and tropospheric ozone(4,7), and the oxidation of mercury to more toxic forms(3). Here we present direct measurements of molecular chlorine levels in the Arctic marine boundary layer in Barrow, Alaska, collected in the spring of 2009 over a six-week period using chemical ionization mass spectrometry. We report high levels of molecular chlorine, of up to 400 pptv. Concentrations peaked in the early morning and late afternoon, and fell to near-zero levels at night. Average daytime molecular chlorine levels were correlated with ozone concentrations, suggesting that sunlight and ozone are required for molecular chlorine formation. Using a time-dependent box model, we estimate that the chlorine radicals produced from the photolysis of molecular chlorine oxidized more methane than hydroxyl radicals, on average, and enhanced the abundance of short-lived peroxy radicals. Elevated hydroperoxyl radical levels, in turn, promoted the formation of hypobromous acid, which catalyses mercury oxidation and the breakdown of tropospheric ozone. We therefore suggest that molecular chlorine exerts a significant effect on the atmospheric chemistry of the Arctic. C1 [Liao, Jin; Huey, L. Gregory; Liu, Zhen; Tanner, David J.; Wang, Yuhang; Ingall, Ellery D.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. [Liao, Jin; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80809 USA. [Liao, Jin; Neuman, J. Andrew; Nowak, John B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Liu, Zhen] Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Cantrell, Chris A.; Orlando, John J.; Flocke, Frank M.; Weinheimer, Andrew J.; Hall, Samuel R.; Ullmann, Kirk; Hornbrook, Rebecca S.; Apel, Eric C.; Riemer, Daniel; Fried, Alan; Mauldin, Roy L., III; Smith, James N.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Cantrell, Chris A.; Mauldin, Roy L., III] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.; Stephens, Chelsea R.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Beine, Harry J.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Mauldin, Roy L., III] Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. [Staebler, Ralf M.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Sect, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Huey, LG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu RI Liu, Zhen/C-3027-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Smith, James/C-5614-2008; Liao, Jin/H-4865-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Ingall, Ellery/A-5447-2008; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Thompson, Chelsea/L-2302-2015; Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014 OI Hornbrook, Rebecca/0000-0002-6304-6554; Smith, James/0000-0003-4677-8224; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Ingall, Ellery/0000-0003-1954-0317; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Thompson, Chelsea/0000-0002-7332-9945; FU NSF [ATM-0807702, ARC-0806437, ARC-0732556]; National Science Foundation FX This work is part of the international multidisciplinary OASIS program and is financially supported by NSF grants ATM-0807702, ARC-0806437 and ARC-0732556. We thank the OASIS campaign organizers and the National Center for Atmospheric Research shipping department for logistical support. We also thank J .Fast and A. Stohl for making the FLEXPART-WRF code public (http://transport.nilu.no/flexpart). The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation. NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 5 U2 86 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 91 EP 94 DI 10.1038/NGEO2046 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AA5LP UT WOS:000331140800010 ER PT J AU Lin, MY Horowitz, LW Oltmans, SJ Fiore, AM Fan, SM AF Lin, Meiyun Horowitz, Larry W. Oltmans, Samuel J. Fiore, Arlene M. Fan, Songmiao TI Tropospheric ozone trends at Mauna Loa Observatory tied to decadal climate variability SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; LONG-TERM CHANGES; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; SURFACE; EMISSIONS; OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; PATTERNS AB A potent greenhouse gas and biological irritant, tropospheric ozone is also the primary source of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals, which remove numerous hazardous trace gases from the atmosphere. Tropospheric ozone levels have increased in spring at remote sites in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere over the past few decades; this increase has been attributed to a growth in Asian precursor emissions. In contrast, 40 years of continuous measurements at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii reveal little change in tropospheric ozone levels during spring (March-April), but a rise in autumn (September-October). Here we examine the contribution of decadal shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns to variability in tropospheric ozone levels at Mauna Loa using a suite of chemistry-climate model simulations. We show that the flow of ozone-rich air from Eurasia towards Hawaii during spring weakened in the 2000s as a result of La-Nina-like decadal cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean. During autumn, in contrast, the flow of ozone-rich air from Eurasia to Hawaii strengthened in the mid-1990s onwards, coincident with the positive phase of the Pacific-North American pattern. We suggest that these shifts in atmospheric circulation patterns can reconcile observed trends in tropospheric ozone levels at Mauna Loa and the northern mid-latitudes in recent decades. We conclude that decadal variability in atmospheric circulation patterns needs to be considered when attributing observed changes in tropospheric ozone levels to human-induced trends in precursor emissions. C1 [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Lin, Meiyun; Horowitz, Larry W.; Fan, Songmiao] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Lin, MY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Meiyun.Lin@noaa.gov RI Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 FU NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Climate Science at Princeton University FX This work was supported by NOAA's Cooperative Institute for Climate Science at Princeton University. We thank I. Held, H. Levy II and P. Ginoux for insightful discussion and comments on the manuscript. The dedication of the MLO staff in maintaining the 40-year observational record is an exceptional accomplishment. The radon-222 data were provided by the US Department of Energy, Environmental Monitoring Laboratory (1991-1996) and the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) (1997-2011). Discussion with S. Chambers of ANSTO provided information for harmonizing the Radon data sets. NR 44 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 6 U2 50 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 136 EP 143 DI 10.1038/NGEO2066 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AA5LP UT WOS:000331140800020 ER PT J AU Lynch-Stieglitz, J Schmidt, MW Henry, LG Curry, WB Skinner, LC Mulitza, S Zhang, R Chang, P AF Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean Schmidt, Matthew W. Henry, L. Gene Curry, William B. Skinner, Luke C. Mulitza, Stefan Zhang, Rong Chang, Ping TI Muted change in Atlantic overturning circulation over some glacial-aged Heinrich events SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MILLENNIAL-SCALE CHANGES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; DEEP-WATER; MAXIMUM; OCEAN; SEA; GREENLAND; SEDIMENT AB Heinrich events-surges of icebergs into the North Atlantic Ocean-punctuated the last glacial period. The events are associated with millennial-scale cooling in the Northern Hemisphere. Fresh water from the melting icebergs is thought to have interrupted the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, thus minimizing heat transport into the northern North Atlantic. The northward flow of warm water passes through the Florida Straits and is reflected in the distribution of seawater properties in this region. Here we investigate the northward flow through this region over the past 40,000 years using oxygen isotope measurements of benthic foraminifera from two cores on either side of the Florida Straits. These measurements allow us to estimate water density, which is related to flow through the thermal wind balance. We infer a substantial reduction of flow during Heinrich Event 1 and the Younger Dryas cooling, but little change during Heinrich Events 2 and 3, which occurred during an especially cold phase of the last glacial period. We speculate that because glacial circulation was already weakened before the onset of Heinrich Events 2 and 3, freshwater forcing had little additional effect. However, low-latitude climate perturbations were observed during all events. We therefore suggest that these perturbations may not have been directly caused by changes in heat transport associated with Atlantic overturning circulation as commonly assumed. C1 [Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean; Henry, L. Gene] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. [Schmidt, Matthew W.; Chang, Ping] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Curry, William B.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Skinner, Luke C.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Godwin Lab Palaeoclimate Res, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. [Mulitza, Stefan] Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Zhang, Rong] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Lynch-Stieglitz, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM jean@eas.gatech.edu RI Chang, Ping /A-1642-2013; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Mulitza, Stefan/G-5357-2011; OI Chang, Ping /0000-0002-9085-0759; Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Mulitza, Stefan/0000-0002-3842-1447; Lynch-Stieglitz, Jean/0000-0002-9353-1972 FU US National Science Foundation [OCE-0096472, OCE-0648258, OCE-1102743]; Comer Science and Education Foundation; Rutt Bridges Undergraduate Research Fellowship; Natural Science Foundation of China [40921004, 40930844]; DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence 'The Ocean in the Earth System' FX The authors acknowledge the US National Science Foundation (OCE-0096472, OCE-0648258 and OCE-1102743), a grant from the Comer Science and Education Foundation and a Rutt Bridges Undergraduate Research Fellowship to L.G.H. for financially supporting this work. P.C. acknowledges support from the Natural Science Foundation of China (40921004 and 40930844). S.M. was financially supported through the DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence 'The Ocean in the Earth System'. We also thank T-Y. Chang for technical assistance. NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 8 U2 58 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 EI 1752-0908 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 7 IS 2 BP 144 EP 150 DI 10.1038/NGEO2045 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AA5LP UT WOS:000331140800021 ER PT J AU Allee, RJ Kurtz, J Gould, RW Ko, DS Finkbeiner, M Goodin, K AF Allee, R. J. Kurtz, J. Gould, R. W., Jr. Ko, D. S. Finkbeiner, M. Goodin, K. TI Application of the coastal and marine ecological classification standard using satellite-derived and modeled data products for pelagic habitats in the Northern Gulf of Mexico SO OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID WATERS; COLOR AB The expansive and dynamic nature of the ocean's water column may limit the feasibility of the frequent in situ sampling that would be necessary to monitor these habitats and produce region-wide map products with any regularity. Alternatives to in situ sampling such as remote sensing and classification offer a means of routinely characterizing the environmental forcing functions that shape and determine habitat suitability and distribution. Four products derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-aqua satellite (chlorophyll concentration, salinity, sea-surface temperature, and euphotic depth) and a hydrodynamic modeled product for bottom to surface temperature differences (At) were evaluated to assess the utility of these products as proxies for in situ measurements. MODIS images covering the northern Gulf of Mexico were obtained for a 5-year time period Uanuary 2005 - December 2009; 300 total images) and processed through Automated Processing System. The products were used to classify surface waters in three regions of the northern Gulf of Mexico using subcomponents and modifiers from the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Water Column Component (WC) to determine if CMECS categories could be affectively used to categorize the products into meaningful management units. Products were assessed for each month over the five year period. Sea-surface temperature and salinity were classified into CMECS WC temperature and salinity subcomponent categories, respectively. Three modifiers from the WC were also used for the pelagic classification: water column stability, productivity, and turbidity. At was used to assign classification for water column stability; surface chlorophyll was used to determine phytoplankton productivity; and euphotic depth was used to indicate the level of turbidity. Statistical analyses of the products compared to the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission's Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program in situ data indicated that the MODIS and hydrodynamic modeling products were consistently different from the in situ data; however, we believe the potential is strong for use of these standard products to enhance water column information. Use of the CMECS WC with appropriate modifiers captures all the significant pelagic environmental parameters which influence habitat and species distributions. Of the parameters evaluated, the sea-surface salinity and temperature, as expected, were most useful for making comparisons. Further research incorporating different types of data is necessary to explore the full potential of this approach. Specifically, resource managers would like to see the incorporation of sediment and bathymetry data. We believe addition of these data layers would result in more robust habitat maps and provide an innovative tool for resource managers. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Allee, R. J.; Finkbeiner, M.] US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Kurtz, J.] US EPA, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 USA. [Gould, R. W., Jr.; Ko, D. S.] US Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Goodin, K.] NatureServe, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. RP Allee, RJ (reprint author), US Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Coastal Serv Ctr, 2234 S Hobson Ave, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM becky.allee@noaa.gov; Kurtz.Jan@epamail.epa.gov; Rick.Gould@nrlssc.navy.mil; Dong.Ko@nrlssc.navy.mil; mark.finkbeiner@noaa.gov; Kathy_Goodin@natureserve.org FU U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNH10AN371] FX This project was funded by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Applied Sciences Program, under the Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences funding, Contract Number: NNH10AN371. NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-5691 EI 1873-524X J9 OCEAN COAST MANAGE JI Ocean Coastal Manage. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 88 BP 13 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2013.10.021 PG 8 WC Oceanography; Water Resources SC Oceanography; Water Resources GA AA5SY UT WOS:000331161100003 ER PT J AU Dimeo, RM AF Dimeo, Robert M. TI Wave packet scattering from time-varying potential barriers in one dimension SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER-EQUATION; ABSORBING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; REFLECTION PHENOMENA; NEUTRONS; TRANSMISSION; DIFFRACTION AB We discuss a solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation that incorporates absorbing boundary conditions and a method for extracting the reflection and transmission probabilities for wave packets interacting with time-dependent potential barriers. We apply the method to a rectangular barrier that moves with constant velocity, an oscillating rectangular barrier, a locally periodic barrier with an amplitude modulated by a traveling wave, and a locally periodic potential with an amplitude modulated by a standing wave. Visualizations of the reflection phenomena are presented with an emphasis on understanding these systems from their dynamics. Applications to non-stationary neutron optics experiments are discussed briefly. (C) 2014 American Association of Physics Teachers. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dimeo, RM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6100, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.dimeo@nist.gov NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICS TEACHERS AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0002-9505 EI 1943-2909 J9 AM J PHYS JI Am. J. Phys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 82 IS 2 BP 142 EP 152 DI 10.1119/1.4833557 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Physics GA AA0HI UT WOS:000330775800009 ER PT J AU Carlson, JK Gulak, SJB Simpfendorfer, CA Grubbs, RD Romine, JG Burgess, GH AF Carlson, J. K. Gulak, S. J. B. Simpfendorfer, C. A. Grubbs, R. D. Romine, J. G. Burgess, G. H. TI Movement patterns and habitat use of smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, determined using pop-up satellite archival tags SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; conservation; endangered species; recovery ID HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; MANGROVE FORESTS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SHARKS; RECOVERY; BEHAVIOR; DEPTH; WORLD AB 1. Research on rare and threatened species is often limited by access to sufficient individuals to acquire information needed to design appropriate conservation measures. 2. Using a combination of data from pop-up archival transmitting (PAT) tags across multiple institutional programmes, movements and habitat use of endangered smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata were determined for animals from southern Florida and the Bahamas. 3. All P. pectinata (n=12) generally remained in coastal waters within the region where they were initially tagged, travelling an average of 80.2 km from deployment to pop-up location. The shortest distance moved was 4.6 km and the greatest 279.1 km, averaging 1.4 km day(-1). Seasonal movement rates for females were significantly different with the greatest movements in autumn and winter. 4. Pristis pectinata spent the majority of their time at shallow depths (96% of their time at depths <10 m) and warm water temperatures (22-28 degrees C). 5. Given sawfish show a degree of site fidelity punctuated by limited migratory movements emphasizes the need for conservation and management of existing coastal habitats throughout the species' range.Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Carlson, J. K.; Gulak, S. J. B.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Simpfendorfer, C. A.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Simpfendorfer, C. A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Grubbs, R. D.] Florida State Univ, Coastal & Marine Lab, St Teresa, FL USA. [Romine, J. G.; Burgess, G. H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Romine, J. G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov RI Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011; CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014 OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238; FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; National Marine Fisheries Service; Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission; Expeditions Council of the National Geographic Society FX All smalltooth sawfish were captured and tagged under guidelines provided under ESA permits #1352 (Mote Marine Laboratory), and #1538 and #13330 (NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center). Funding for this project in US waters came from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, National Marine Fisheries Service, and Florida Fish and Wildlife Commission. Special thanks to Shelley Norton (National Marine Fisheries Service-Southeast Regional Office) for helping to secure funds to support US research activities and the Expeditions Council of the National Geographic Society for funding research conducted in Andros Island. We thank Dana Bethea, Beau Yeiser, Tonya Wiley, Brooks Doughtie, Ben Westrope, Johanna Imhoff, Alexia Morgan, Grant Johnson and Ian Hamilton for assistance in the field. We would also like to thank Captains Jim Wilcox, Scott Vaeth, Pete Boehm and Luke Hill for their expertise. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1052-7613 EI 1099-0755 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 24 IS 1 BP 104 EP 117 DI 10.1002/aqc.2382 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA AA0QU UT WOS:000330802700011 ER PT J AU Gouirand, I Moron, V Hu, ZZ Jha, B AF Gouirand, Isabelle Moron, Vincent Hu, Zeng-Zhen Jha, Bhaskar TI Influence of the warm pool and cold tongue El Ninos on the following Caribbean rainy season rainfall SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; EASTERN-PACIFIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; AMERICA; ENSO; ANOMALIES AB Caribbean rainfall and associated regional-scale ocean-atmosphere anomalies are analyzed during and after warm pool (WP) and cold tongue (CT) El Nio (EN) events (i.e. from the usual peak of EN events in boreal winter to next summer from 1950 to 2011). During and after a CT event, a north-south dipolar pattern with positive (negative) rainfall anomalies over the northern (southern) Caribbean during the boreal winter tends to reverse in spring, and then to vanish in summer. On the contrary, during and after a WP event, weak rainfall anomalies during the boreal winter intensify themselves from spring, with anomalous wet conditions over most of the Caribbean basin observed during summer, except over the eastern coast of Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The Caribbean rainfall anomalies associated with WP and CT events are shaped by competition between at least four different, but interrelated, mechanisms; (1) the near-equatorial large-scale subsidence anomaly over the equatorial Atlantic linked to the zonal adjustment of the Walker circulation; (2) the extra-tropical wave-like train combining positive phase of the Pacific/North American mode and negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation; (3) the wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature (SST) positive feedback coupling warmer-than-normal SST with weaker-than-normal low level easterlies over the tropical North Atlantic; and (4) the air-sea coupling between the speed of low level easterlies, including the Caribbean low level jet, and the SST anomaly (SSTA) gradient between the Caribbean basin and the eastern equatorial Pacific. It seems that Caribbean rainfall anomalies are shaped mostly by mechanisms (1-3) during CT events from the boreal winter to spring. These mechanisms seem less efficient during WP events when the atmospheric response seems driven mostly by mechanism (4), coupling positive west-east SSTA gradient with weaker-than-normal low level easterlies, and secondary by mechanism (3), from the boreal spring to summer. C1 [Gouirand, Isabelle] Univ W Indies, Fac Sci & Technol, Bridgetown, Barbados. [Moron, Vincent] Aix Marseille Univ, CEREGE UM CNRS 34, Aix En Provence, France. [Moron, Vincent] Columbia Univ, Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Jha, Bhaskar] NCEP NWS NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Sci, Technol & Engn Grp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Gouirand, I (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Fac Sci & Technol, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados. EM isabelle.gouirand@cavehill.uwi.edu RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 919 EP 929 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1753-5 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304FA UT WOS:000330731300021 ER PT J AU Wang, X Wang, CZ AF Wang, Xin Wang, Chunzai TI Different impacts of various El Nino events on the Indian Ocean Dipole SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL CIRCULATION; WALKER CIRCULATION; PACIFIC CLIMATE; COUPLED GCM; VARIABILITY; ENSO; RAINFALL; MODOKI; MODE AB Our early work (Wang and Wang in J Clim 26:1322-1338, 2013) separates El Nio Modoki events into El Nio Modoki I and II because they show different impacts on rainfall in southern China and typhoon landfall activity. The warm SST anomalies originate in the equatorial central Pacific and subtropical northeastern Pacific for El Nio Modoki I and II, respectively. El Nio Modoki I features a symmetric SST anomaly distribution about the equator with the maximum warming in the equatorial central Pacific, whereas El Nio Modoki II shows an asymmetric distribution with the warm SST anomalies extending from the northeastern Pacific to the equatorial central Pacific. The present paper investigates the influence of the various groups of El Nio events on the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Similar to canonical El Nio, El Nio Modoki I is associated with a weakening of the Walker circulation in the Indo-Pacific region which decreases precipitation in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and maritime continent and thus results in the surface easterly wind anomalies off Java-Sumatra. Under the Bjerknes feedback, the easterly wind anomalies induce cold SST anomalies off Java- Sumatra, and thus a positive IOD tends to occur in the Indian Ocean during canonical El Nio and El Nio Modoki I. However, El Nio Modoki II has an opposite impact on the Walker circulation, resulting in more precipitation and surface westerly wind anomalies off Java-Sumatra. Thus, El Nio Modoki II is favorable for the onset and development of a negative IOD on the frame of the Bjerknes feedback. C1 [Wang, Xin] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Wang, Xin; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wang, Xin] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Wang, Xin/B-4624-2012 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML); National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430301]; Chinese Academy of Sciences FX We thank two anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions on the manuscript. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office, the base funding of NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB430301), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 65 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 991 EP 1005 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1711-2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304FA UT WOS:000330731300026 ER PT J AU Hu, ZZ Kumar, A Xue, Y Jha, B AF Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun Xue, Yan Jha, Bhaskar TI Why were some La Ninas followed by another La Nina? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Multi-year La Nina; Oceanic Kelwin wave; Surface wind stress divergence in far-western Pacific; Recharge and discharge processes ID EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; ENSO; MODEL; SST AB This paper investigates why some La Nia events are followed by another La Nia and some others are not. We propose two preconditions that result in continuation of a La Nia. The first one is that La Nia must be a strong event (a major La Nia). This ensures that the reflected Rossby wave signal at the eastern boundary of the Pacific has a strong westward propagating cold ocean temperature anomaly over the off-equatorial region. The off-equator cold anomaly may not be conducive to the equatorial recharge process, and as a result, may favor the persistence of cold ocean subsurface temperature anomaly and prevent the transition from La Nia to El Nio. The second precondition is whether there are eastward propagating downwelling Kelvin waves during the decay phase of a major La Nia. Eastward propagating downwelling Kelvin waves could lead to demise for a tendency for a follow-up La Nia. The equatorial Kelvin wave activities are associated with fluctuations of surface wind in the equatorial far-western Pacific. The analysis suggests that both the surface wind in the equatorial far-western Pacific and the recharge/discharge of the equatorial Pacific are indicators for occurrence or no occurrence of a follow-up La Nia event. C1 [Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun; Xue, Yan; Jha, Bhaskar] NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. RP Hu, ZZ (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Zeng-Zhen.Hu@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 37 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 1029 EP 1042 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1917-3 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304FA UT WOS:000330731300028 ER PT J AU Wang, XLL Feng, Y Compo, GP Zwiers, FW Allan, RJ Swail, VR Sardeshmukh, PD AF Wang, Xiaolan L. Feng, Y. Compo, G. P. Zwiers, F. W. Allan, R. J. Swail, V. R. Sardeshmukh, P. D. TI Is the storminess in the Twentieth Century Reanalysis really inconsistent with observations? A reply to the comment by Krueger et al. (2013b) SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Geostrophic wind extremes; Cyclone activity; Trend analysis; Low-frequency variability ID NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; TRENDS; STORMS AB In a recent study of trends and low frequency variability of extra-tropical cyclone activity in the ensemble of Twentieth Century Reanalyses, we concluded that "For the North Atlantic-European region and southeast Australia, the 20CR cyclone trends are in agreement with trends in geostrophic wind extremes derived from in-situ surface pressure observations". This conclusion has been challenged by Krueger et al. (Clim Dyn, submitted, 2013b), because a recent study (doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00309.1, by the same lead author) comparing annual 95th percentiles (P95) of geostrophic wind speed (geo-wind) derived from surface pressure observations and from the 20CR found that "20CR-geostrophic storminess deviates to a large extent from the observation-based curve" in the period prior to 1950. In this reply, we show that our conclusion is valid; and we clarify that several factors contribute to the reported inconsistencies between the 20CR and observation-based geo-wind extremes. These include the choice of index that is used to represent the temporal variation of extremes (e.g., annual vs. seasonal percentiles), the use of different sampling intervals (6-hourly vs. 3-hourly), and the presence of very large errors in the observations that were not identified, corrected, or excluded in any of the previous studies of observation-based geo-wind extremes. We show that the time series of consecutive seasonal P95 geo-winds derived from the observations and from 20CR are in good agreement back to about 1893, with some deviation earlier when the observations (especially digitized data) remain limited and are more uncertain. We find that the correlation between the 20CR and observation-based geo-wind extremes (P95) time series for the full 134-year record is highly significant statistically, with and without the correction or exclusion of the newly identified erroneous SLP values. The agreement between 20CR and observations is further improved after the correction or exclusion of these erroneous values. C1 [Wang, Xiaolan L.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Wang, Xiaolan L.; Feng, Y.; Swail, V. R.] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Compo, G. P.; Sardeshmukh, P. D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Zwiers, F. W.] Univ Victoria, Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Allan, R. J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Wang, XLL (reprint author), Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Sci & Technol Branch, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM Xiaolan.Wang@ec.gc.ca OI COMPO, GILBERT/0000-0001-5199-9633 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 42 IS 3-4 BP 1113 EP 1125 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1828-3 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 304FA UT WOS:000330731300034 ER PT J AU Li, B Lu, YJ Godil, A Schreck, T Bustos, B Ferreira, A Furuya, T Fonseca, MJ Johan, H Matsuda, T Ohbuchi, R Pascoal, PB Saavedra, JM AF Li, Bo Lu, Yijuan Godil, Afzal Schreck, Tobias Bustos, Benjamin Ferreira, Alfredo Furuya, Takahiko Fonseca, Manuel J. Johan, Henry Matsuda, Takahiro Ohbuchi, Ryutarou Pascoal, Pedro B. Saavedra, Jose M. TI A comparison of methods for sketch-based 3D shape retrieval SO COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING LA English DT Article DE Sketch-based 3D model retrieval; Evaluation; SHREC contest; Large-scale; Benchmark ID VISUAL COMPLEXITY; NAME AGREEMENT; IMAGE AGREEMENT; OBJECT RECONSTRUCTION; ZERNIKE MOMENTS; MODEL RETRIEVAL; LINE-DRAWINGS; FAMILIARITY; PICTURES; NORMS AB Sketch-based 3D shape retrieval has become an important research topic in content-based 3D object retrieval. To foster this research area, two Shape Retrieval Contest (SHREC) tracks on this topic have been organized by us in 2012 and 2013 based on a small-scale and large-scale benchmarks, respectively. Six and five (nine in total) distinct sketch-based 3D shape retrieval method have competed each other in these two contests, respectively. To measure and compare the performance of the top participating and other existing promising sketch-based 3D shape retrieval methods and solicit the state-of-the-art approaches, we perform a more comprehensive comparison of fifteen best (four top participating algorithms and eleven additional state-of-the-art methods) retrieval methods by completing the evaluation of each method on both benchmarks. The benchmarks, results, and evaluation tools for the two tracks are publicly available on our websites [1,2]. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Bo; Lu, Yijuan] Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. [Li, Bo; Godil, Afzal] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Konstanz, Constance, Germany. [Bustos, Benjamin; Saavedra, Jose M.] Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. [Ferreira, Alfredo; Fonseca, Manuel J.; Pascoal, Pedro B.] Univ Tecn Lisboa, INESCID, Inst Super Tecn, Lisbon, Portugal. [Furuya, Takahiko; Matsuda, Takahiro; Ohbuchi, Ryutarou] Univ Yamanashi, Comp Sci & Engn Dept, Yamanashi, Japan. [Johan, Henry] Fraunhofer IDM NTU, Visual Comp, Singapore, Singapore. [Saavedra, Jose M.] Comp Vis Res Grp ORAND SA, Santiago, Chile. RP Lu, YJ (reprint author), Texas State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA. EM lu@txstate.edu RI Bustos, Benjamin/G-1170-2010; Ferreira, Alfredo/L-6407-2015; OI Bustos, Benjamin/0000-0002-3955-361X; Ferreira, Alfredo/0000-0001-9278-142X; Ohbuchi, Ryutarou/0000-0002-7605-9135 FU Army Research Office grant [W911NF-12-1-0057]; Texas State University Research Enhancement Program (REP); NSF [CRI 1305302]; Shape Metrology IMS; Fondecyt (Chile) [1110111]; FCT [Pest-OE/EEI/LA0021/2013]; Fraunhofer IDM@NTU; National Research Foundation (NRF) FX This work has been supported by the Army Research Office grant W911NF-12-1-0057, Texas State University Research Enhancement Program (REP), and NSF CRI 1305302 to Yijuan Lu, as well as the Shape Metrology IMS to Afzal Godil.; The work of Benjamin Bustos has been funded by Fondecyt (Chile) Project 1110111.; The work of Pedro B. Pascoal, Alfredo Ferreira, Manuel J. Fonseca reported in this paper has been supported by national funds through FCT under contract Pest-OE/EEI/LA0021/2013.; Henry Johan is supported by Fraunhofer IDM@NTU, which is funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF) and managed through the multi-agency Interactive & Digital Media Programme Office (IDMPO) hosted by the Media Development Authority of Singapore (MDA). NR 78 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 38 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1077-3142 EI 1090-235X J9 COMPUT VIS IMAGE UND JI Comput. Vis. Image Underst. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 119 BP 57 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.cviu.2013.11.008 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 304ND UT WOS:000330752700005 ER PT J AU Kim, S Kim, YS AF Kim, Sanghoon Kim, Yeon Seok TI Production of gliadin-poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles for hydrophilic coating SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nanoparticles; Cyanoacrylate; Hydrophilic coating; Wetting; Protein ID MOLECULAR-WEIGHT GLIADIN; GLUTENIN SUBUNITS; WHEAT; COMPOSITES; ETHANOL; PROTEIN; ZEIN AB Cyanoacrylate nanoparticles have been usually prepared by anionic polymerization initiated by hydroxyl ions derived from dissociation of water. In the current research, amine groups on the surface of gliadin aggregates were utilized as initiator for the polymerization of ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA). Gliadin, a protein found in the endosperms of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is not soluble in water, but dissolves in aqueous ethanol in the form of aggregates. As a result of the reaction with ECA monomers, gliadin molecules are chemically bound to poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) (PECA) chains. The nanoparticles thus produced are made up of block copolymers that are consisted of hydrophilic moiety (gliadin) and hydrophobic moiety (PECA). The suspension containing these nanoparticles showed an excellent coating capability on the surface of hydrophobic materials such as glass or plastics. A simple spray coating changed the wetting property of the material instantly and dramatically. Since both protein and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) are degradable polymers, the developed nanoparticles are degradable. C1 [Kim, Sanghoon] ARS, USDA, NCAUR, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. [Kim, Yeon Seok] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, S (reprint author), ARS, USDA, NCAUR, 1815 N Univ St, Peoria, IL 61604 USA. EM sanghoon.kim@ars.usda.gov; yeonseok.kim@nist.gov RI KIM, YEON SEOK/J-5864-2012 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 16 IS 2 AR 2277 DI 10.1007/s11051-014-2277-6 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AA3EK UT WOS:000330975500001 ER PT J AU Stalick, JK Waterstrat, RM AF Stalick, Judith K. Waterstrat, Richard M. TI The Hafnium-Platinum Phase Diagram SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Article DE experimental crystal structure; experimental phase equilibria; intermetallic compound; phase diagram; phase transitions ID STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATIONS; EQUIATOMIC COMPOUNDS; TRANSITION; ZIRCONIUM; SYSTEMS; ALLOYS; ELEMENTS; ZR; NI AB Phase relationships were determined in the Hf-Pt system at temperatures up to 1690 A degrees C using both metallographic and neutron Rietveld refinement techniques. An unusual displacive transformation is observed below 200 A degrees C in the rhombohedral compound Hf3Pt4, similar to that recently discovered in the compound Zr3Pt4. Crystallographic data are presented for the compounds HfPt4, HfPt3, Hf2Pt3, Hf3Pt4, HfPt, and Hf2Pt. A complete phase diagram is presented for the Hf-Pt binary system. C1 [Stalick, Judith K.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Waterstrat, Richard M.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stalick, JK (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM judith.stalick@nist.gov NR 23 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 EI 1863-7345 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 35 IS 1 BP 15 EP 23 DI 10.1007/s11669-013-0268-4 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 304JW UT WOS:000330743900004 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, Tomas TI William Bowie: Eminent Scientist and First Chairman (1926-1940) of ASCE's Surveying and Mapping Division SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Spatial Reference Syst Div, Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 EI 1943-5428 J9 J SURV ENG JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 1 BP 2 EP 11 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)SU.1943-5428.0000117 PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AA0TJ UT WOS:000330810000001 ER PT J AU Duriscoe, DM Luginbuhl, CB Elvidge, CD AF Duriscoe, D. M. Luginbuhl, C. B. Elvidge, C. D. TI The relation of outdoor lighting characteristics to sky glow from distant cities SO LIGHTING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRIGHTNESS; POLLUTION; FLAGSTAFF; ARIZONA AB Five cities in the southwest United States were selected for an analysis of the impact of outdoor lighting practices on nighttime sky glow as observed from distances of 8-67km. Data from the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite visible infrared imaging radiometer suite day/night band were used to identify light sources for input to an atmospheric sky glow model. Total lumens of outdoor lighting were estimated by matching modelled to observed anthropogenic sky luminance at ground locations. The results of two conservative treatments were then modelled for each city: all outdoor luminaires fully shielded with the current lumen amount, and fully shielded luminaires with a lumen amount scaled to 2075lm capita(-1), matching Flagstaff, Arizona. The results indicate 42-88% reductions in average all-sky glow utilizing these best practices' for environmental conservation. C1 [Duriscoe, D. M.] Natl Pk Serv, Night Skies Program, Bishop, CA USA. [Luginbuhl, C. B.] US Naval Observ, Flagstaff Stn, Flagstaff, AZ USA. [Elvidge, C. D.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Duriscoe, DM (reprint author), Natl Pk Serv, Night Skies Program, 351 Pacu Lane, Bishop, CA USA. EM dan_duriscoe@nps.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1477-1535 EI 1477-0938 J9 LIGHTING RES TECHNOL JI Lighting Res. Technol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 46 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1177/1477153513506729 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Optics SC Construction & Building Technology; Optics GA 302UB UT WOS:000330629300006 ER PT J AU Salvesen, G Beckwith, K Simon, JB O'Neill, SM Begelman, MC AF Salvesen, Greg Beckwith, Kris Simon, Jacob B. O'Neill, Sean M. Begelman, Mitchell C. TI Quantifying energetics and dissipation in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE instabilities; magnetic fields; MHD; turbulence ID KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; CURRENT-DRIVEN INSTABILITIES; DOMINATED ACCRETION DISKS; RELATIVISTIC PLANAR JETS; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; ZERO NET FLUX; MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; NONLINEAR EVOLUTION; MAGNETIC-FIELD AB We perform a suite of two- and three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with the ATHENA code of the non-driven Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the subsonic, weak magnetic field limit. Focusing the analysis on the non-linear turbulent regime, we quantify energy transfer on a scale-by-scale basis and identify the physical mechanisms responsible for energy exchange by developing the diagnostic known as spectral energy transfer function analysis. At late times when the fluid is in a state of MHD turbulence, magnetic tension mediates the dominant mode of energy injection into the magnetic reservoir, whereby turbulent fluid motions twist and stretch the magnetic field lines. This generated magnetic energy turbulently cascades to smaller scales, while being exchanged backwards and forwards with the kinetic energy reservoir, until finally being dissipated. Incorporating explicit dissipation pushes the dissipation scale to larger scales than if the dissipation were entirely numerical. For scales larger than the dissipation scale, we show that the physics of energy transfer in decaying MHD turbulence is robust to numerical effects. C1 [Salvesen, Greg; Beckwith, Kris; Simon, Jacob B.; O'Neill, Sean M.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Salvesen, Greg; Beckwith, Kris; Simon, Jacob B.; O'Neill, Sean M.; Begelman, Mitchell C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Salvesen, Greg; Begelman, Mitchell C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beckwith, Kris] Tech X Corp, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [O'Neill, Sean M.] Pacific Lutheran Univ, Dept Phys, Tacoma, WA 98447 USA. RP Salvesen, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM salvesen@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation (NSF); NSF [AST-0807471, AST-0907872, CNS-0821794]; NASA [NNX09AB90G, NNX09AG02G, NNX11AE12G, NNX12AE33G]; University of Colorado Boulder [000115783]; Tech-X Corporation FX The authors thank the anonymous referee for her/his constructive comments and suggestions, which improved this paper. GS thanks the National Science Foundation (NSF) for support through the Graduate Research Fellowship Program. The authors acknowledge grant support through the NSF (AST-0807471; AST-0907872), NASA (NNX09AB90G; NNX09AG02G; NNX11AE12G; NNX12AE33G), University of Colorado Boulder (subcontract #000115783) and support from Tech-X Corporation. KB acknowledges useful discussions and advice from James Stone, Colin McNally and Axel Brandenburg. KB thanks the organizers and attendees of the 'NORDITA Astrophysics Code Comparison Workshop' held in Stockholm, Sweden in 2012 August for stimulating discussions that helped in the formulation of this work. This work used the JANUS supercomputer (account number UCB00000022), which is supported by the NSF (award number CNS-0821794) and the University of Colorado Boulder. The JANUS supercomputer is a joint effort of the University of Colorado Boulder, the University of Colorado Denver and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. NR 59 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 438 IS 2 BP 1355 EP 1376 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2281 PG 22 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AA2WW UT WOS:000330955900035 ER PT J AU Andar, AU Hood, RR Vreeland, WN Devoe, DL Swaan, PW AF Andar, Abhay U. Hood, Renee R. Vreeland, Wyatt N. DeVoe, Don L. Swaan, Peter W. TI Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes to Determine Particle Size Influence on Cellular Uptake Mechanisms SO PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE endocytosis; liposomes; microfluidics; nanoparticles ID DRUG-DELIVERY; LIPID-COMPOSITION; INJECTION METHOD; VESICLES; DYNAMIN; ENDOCYTOSIS; DOXORUBICIN; TUMORS; PHARMACOKINETICS; INTERNALIZATION AB This study investigates the cellular uptake and trafficking of liposomes in Caco-2 cells, using vesicles with distinct average diameters ranging from 40.6 nm to 276.6 nm. Liposomes were prepared by microfluidic hydrodynamic flow focusing, producing nearly-monodisperse populations and enabling size-dependent uptake to be effectively evaluated. Populations of PEG-conjugated liposomes of various distinct sizes were prepared in a disposable microfluidic device using a simple continuous-flow microfluidic technique. Liposome cellular uptake was investigated using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Liposome uptake by Caco-2 cells was observed to be strongly size-dependent for liposomes with mean diameters ranging from 40.6 nm to 276.6 nm. When testing these liposomes against endocytosis inhibitors, cellular uptake of the largest (97.8 nm and 162.1 nm in diameter) liposomes were predominantly subjected to clathrin-dependent uptake mechanisms, the medium-sized (72.3 nm in diameter) liposomes seemed to be influenced by all investigated pathways and the smallest liposomes (40.6 nm in diameter) primarily followed a dynamin-dependent pathway. In addition, the 40.6 nm, 72.3 nm, and 162.1 nm diameter liposomes showed slightly decreased accumulation within endosomes after 1 h compared to liposomes which were 97.8 nm in diameter. Conversely, liposome co-localization with lysosomes was consistent for liposomes ranging from 40.6 nm to 97.8 nm in diameter. The continuous-flow synthesis of nearly-monodisperse populations of liposomes of distinct size via a microfluidic hydrodynamic flow focusing technique enabled unique in vitro studies in which specific effects of particle size on cellular uptake were elucidated. The results of this study highlight the significant influence of liposome size on cellular uptake mechanisms and may be further exploited for increasing specificity, improving efficacy, and reducing toxicity of liposomal drug delivery systems. C1 [Andar, Abhay U.; Swaan, Peter W.] Univ Maryland, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ctr Nanomed & Cellular Delivery, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Hood, Renee R.; DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, Maryland MEMS & Microfluid Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hood, Renee R.; Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Swaan, PW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Ctr Nanomed & Cellular Delivery, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM pswaan@rx.umaryland.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011; OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993; Swaan, Peter/0000-0003-1767-1487 FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-08CH11527] FX Financial support was provided by the Department of Energy (DOE), grant number DE-FG02-08CH11527. Cathy Storer, B. S., Regina Harley, M. S. and Marcelo Sztein, M. D. from the Flow Cytometry Core Facilities, Centre for Vaccine Development, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA. NR 44 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 7 U2 85 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0724-8741 EI 1573-904X J9 PHARM RES-DORDR JI Pharm. Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 401 EP 413 DI 10.1007/s11095-013-1171-8 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Chemistry; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 304FT UT WOS:000330733200013 PM 24092051 ER PT J AU Li, L Dobrowolski, JA Jacobson, M Cooksey, C AF Li, Li Dobrowolski, J. A. Jacobson, Michael Cooksey, Catherine TI Broadband transmission filters from the 2013 Optical Interference Coatings manufacturing problem contest [Invited] SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB A broadband transmission filter from 400 to 1100 nm was selected for the manufacturing problem contest. The purpose of the contest is to test the state of the art of current optical thin film manufacturing capabilities. A total of 37 people from 15 teams participated in the contest and submitted 17 samples. Diverse approaches were taken by participants to tackle the problem. A range of different solutions was obtained where the number of layers varied from 22 to 608, and the total layer thickness ranged from 1.859 to 23.099 mu m. Two independent laboratories performed sample evaluation measurements. Three teams shared the best result with the lowest average measured merit function. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America C1 [Li, Li; Dobrowolski, J. A.] CNR, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Jacobson, Michael] Opt Data Associates, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. [Cooksey, Catherine] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, L (reprint author), CNR, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM Li.Li@nrc.ca NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP A248 EP A258 DI 10.1364/AO.53.00A248 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 300SS UT WOS:000330484500035 PM 24514223 ER PT J AU Gjertsen, H Squires, D Dutton, PH Eguchi, T AF Gjertsen, Heidi Squires, Dale Dutton, Peter H. Eguchi, Tomoharu TI Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Conservation Strategies with Application to the Pacific Leatherback Turtle SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bycatch; economics; fisheries; nesting; noncompensatory mitigation; sea turtle ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; FISHERIES BYCATCH; UNCERTAINTY AB Although holistic conservation addressing all sources of mortality for endangered species or stocks is the preferred conservation strategy, limited budgets require a criterion to prioritize conservation investments. We compared the cost-effectiveness of nesting site and at-sea conservation strategies for Pacific leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). We sought to determine which conservation strategy or mix of strategies would produce the largest increase in population growth rate per dollar. Alternative strategies included protection of nesters and their eggs at nesting beaches in Indonesia, gear changes, effort restrictions, and caps on turtle takes in the Hawaiian (U.S.A.) longline swordfish fishery, and temporal and area closures in the California (U.S.A.) drift gill net fishery. We used a population model with a biological metric to measure the effects of conservation alternatives. We normalized all effects by cost to prioritize those strategies with the greatest biological effect relative to its economic cost. We used Monte Carlo simulation to address uncertainty in the main variables and to calculate probability distributions for cost-effectiveness measures. Nesting beach protection was the most cost-effective means of achieving increases in leatherback populations. This result creates the possibility of noncompensatory bycatch mitigation, where high-bycatch fisheries invest in protecting nesting beaches. An example of this practice is U.S. processors of longline tuna and California drift gill net fishers that tax themselves to finance low-cost nesting site protection. Under certain conditions, fisheries interventions, such as technologies that reduce leatherback bycatch without substantially decreasing target species catch, can be cost-effective. Reducing bycatch in coastal areas where bycatch is high, particularly adjacent to nesting beaches, may be cost-effective, particularly, if fisheries in the area are small and of little commercial value. C1 [Gjertsen, Heidi; Squires, Dale; Dutton, Peter H.; Eguchi, Tomoharu] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Gjertsen, H (reprint author), NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM hgjertsen@gmail.com NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 5 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 140 EP 149 DI 10.1111/cobi.12239 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297OX UT WOS:000330265900015 PM 24405417 ER PT J AU Bouyoucos, I Bushnell, P Brill, R AF Bouyoucos, Ian Bushnell, Peter Brill, Richard TI Potential for Electropositive Metal to Reduce the Interactions of Atlantic Sturgeon with Fishing Gear SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ampullae of Lorenzini; avoidance; bycatch; Chondrostean; electroreceptors; electric fields; endangered; lanthanide; swimming ID RARE-EARTH-METAL; UNITED-STATES; SPINY DOGFISH; BYCATCH; DETERRENT; MORTALITY AB Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrhynchus) populations have been declared either endangered or threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Effective measures to repel sturgeon from fishing gear would be beneficial to both fish and fishers because they could reduce both fishery-associated mortality and the need for seasonal and area closures of specific fisheries. Some chondrostean fishes (e.g., sturgeons and paddlefishes) can detect weak electric field gradients (possibly as low as 5 Mv/cm) due to arrays of electroreceptors (ampullae of Lorenzini) on their snout and gill covers. Weak electric fields, such as those produced by electropositive metals (typically mixtures of the lanthanide elements), could therefore potentially be used as a deterrent. To test this idea, we recorded the behavioral responses of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (31-43 cm fork length) to electropositive metal (primarily a mixture of the lanthanide elements neodymium and praseodymium) both in the presence and absence of food stimuli. Trials were conducted in an approximately 2.5 m diameter x 0.3 m deep tank, and fish behaviors were recorded with an overhead digital video camera. Video records were subsequently digitized (x, y coordinate system), the distance between the fish and the electropositive metal calculated, and data summarized by compiling frequency distributions with 5-cm bins. Juvenile sturgeon showed clear avoidance of electropositive metal but only when food was present. On the basis of our results, we conclude that the electropositive metals, or other sources of weak electric fields, may eventually be used to reduce the interactions of Atlantic sturgeon with fishing gear, but further investigation is needed.El Potencial del Metal Electropositivo para Reducir las Interacciones del Esturion Atlantico con Instrumentos de Pesca Bouyoucos, Bushnell & Brill 13-003 C1 [Bouyoucos, Ian; Bushnell, Peter; Brill, Richard] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Bouyoucos, Ian] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Bushnell, Peter] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. [Brill, Richard] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Brill, R (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM rbrill@vims.edu RI Bouyoucos, Ian/E-6392-2017 OI Bouyoucos, Ian/0000-0002-4267-1043 NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0888-8892 EI 1523-1739 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 BP 278 EP 282 DI 10.1111/cobi.12200 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 297OX UT WOS:000330265900028 PM 24372943 ER PT J AU Qazi, S Uchida, M Usselman, R Shearer, R Edwards, E Douglas, T AF Qazi, Shefah Uchida, Masaki Usselman, Robert Shearer, Riley Edwards, Ethan Douglas, Trevor TI Manganese(III) porphyrins complexed with P22 virus-like particles as T-1-enhanced contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Bacteriophage P22 virus-like particle; Magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent; T-1-enhanced contrast agent; Manganese(III) protoporphyrin IX; Atom-transfer radical polymerization ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; VIRAL CAPSIDS; RELAXATION ENHANCEMENT; WATER PROTONS; MRI; RELAXIVITY; NANOPARTICLES; GADOLINIUM; INTERIOR; BINDING AB Virus-like particles are powerful platforms for the development of functional hybrid materials. Here, we have grown a cross-linked polymer (cross-linked aminoethyl methacrylate) within the confines of the bacteriophage P22 capsid (P22-xAEMA) and functionalized the polymer with various loadings of paramagnetic manganese(III) protoporphyrin IX (MnPP) complexes for evaluation as a macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. The resulting construct (P22-xAEMA-MnPP) has r (1,particle) = 7,098 mM(-1) s(-1) at 298 K and 2.1 T (90 MHz) for a loading of 3,646 MnPP molecules per capsid. The Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan theory for paramagnetic relaxivity predicts conjugating MnPP to P22, a supramolecular structure, would result in an enhancement in ionic relaxivity; however, all loadings experienced low ionic relaxivities, r (1,ionic), ranging from 1.45 to 3.66 mM(-1) s(-1), similar to the ionic relaxivity of free MnPP. We hypothesize that intermolecular interactions between neighboring MnPP molecules block access of water to the metal site, resulting in low r (1,ionic) relaxivities. We investigated the effect of MnPP interactions on relaxivity further by either blocking or exposing water binding sites on MnPP. On the basis of these results, future design strategies for enhanced r (1,ionic) relaxivity are suggested. The measured r (2,ionic) relaxivities demonstrated an inverse relationship between loading and relaxivity. This results in a loading-dependent r (2)/r (1) behavior of these materials indicating synthetic control over the relaxivity properties, making them interesting alternatives to current magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents. C1 [Qazi, Shefah; Uchida, Masaki; Shearer, Riley; Edwards, Ethan; Douglas, Trevor] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Usselman, Robert] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Douglas, Trevor] Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Douglas, T (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Chem, 800 East Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. EM trevdoug@indiana.edu RI Douglas, Trevor/F-2748-2011; Uchida, Masaki/E-5416-2016 OI Uchida, Masaki/0000-0003-0710-8834 FU National Institutes of Health [R01-EB012027]; American Heart Association [13SDG16970075] FX This research was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01-EB012027) and the American Heart Association (13SDG16970075). NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-8257 EI 1432-1327 J9 J BIOL INORG CHEM JI J. Biol. Inorg. Chem. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 19 IS 2 BP 237 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s00775-013-1075-4 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 302HB UT WOS:000330593000010 PM 24362518 ER PT J AU Fearnbach, H Durban, JW Ellifrit, DK Waite, JM Matkin, CO Lunsford, CR Peterson, MJ Barlow, J Wade, PR AF Fearnbach, Holly Durban, John W. Ellifrit, David K. Waite, Janice M. Matkin, Craig O. Lunsford, Chris R. Peterson, Megan J. Barlow, Jay Wade, Paul R. TI Spatial and social connectivity of fish-eating "Resident" killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the northern North Pacific SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CENTRAL ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; OCEANOGRAPHIC DOMAINS; CULTURAL TRANSMISSION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS AB The productive North Pacific waters of the Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea support a high density of fish-eating "Resident" type killer whales (Orcinus orca), which overlap in distribution with commercial fisheries, producing both direct and indirect interactions. To provide a spatial context for these interactions, we analyzed a 10-year dataset of 3,058 whale photo-identifications from 331 encounters within a large (linear similar to 4,000 km) coastal study area to investigate the ranging and social patterns of 532 individually identifiable whales photographed in more than one encounter. Although capable of large-scale movements (maximum 1,443 km), we documented ranges generally < 200 km, with high site fidelity across summer sampling intervals and also re-sightings during a winter survey. Bayesian analysis of pair-wise associations identified four defined clusters, likely representing groupings of stable matrilines, with distinct ranging patterns, that combined to form a large network of associated whales that ranged across most of the study area. This provides evidence of structure within the Alaska stock of Resident killer whales, important for evaluating ecosystem and fisheries impacts. This network included whales known to depredate groundfish from longline fisheries, and we suggest that such large-scale connectivity has facilitated the spread of depredation. C1 [Fearnbach, Holly; Durban, John W.; Waite, Janice M.; Wade, Paul R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Fearnbach, Holly] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross Shire, Scotland. [Durban, John W.; Barlow, Jay] NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Ellifrit, David K.] Ctr Whale Res, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. [Matkin, Craig O.] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Lunsford, Chris R.] NOAA, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Peterson, Megan J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Fearnbach, H (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 7600 Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM holly.fearnbach@noaa.gov FU National Marine Mammal Laboratory; North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium; Alaska SeaLife Center FX This work would not have been possible without the help of an amazing Captain and friend, the late Atle Remme. We are grateful to many scientists and crew who participated in the survey efforts and contributed photographs to our study. Paul Thompson, John Ford, Kim Parsons, Phil Clapham and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Dedicated field efforts were supported by NOAA's Steller Sea Lion Research Initiative, with specific funding from the National Marine Mammal Laboratory, the North Pacific Universities Marine Mammal Research Consortium and the Alaska SeaLife Center. Research was conducted under permits 545-1488-03, 782-1510, 932-1489-05 and 782-1719 issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 87 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 63 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 161 IS 2 BP 459 EP 472 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2351-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 302PQ UT WOS:000330617800018 ER PT J AU Hurlbut, MM Cohen, AE AF Hurlbut, Melissa M. Cohen, Ariel E. TI Environments of Northeast U.S. Severe Thunderstorm Events from 1999 to 2009 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Thunderstorms; Tornadoes; Storm environments; Forecasting ID SEVERE WEATHER; UNITED-STATES; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; JET STREAKS; NEW-YORK; TORNADO; EVOLUTION; STORMS AB An investigation of the environments and climatology of severe thunderstorms from 1999 through 2009 across the northeastern United States is presented. A total of 742 severe weather events producing over 12 000 reports were examined. Given the challenges that severe weather forecasting can present in the Northeast, this study is an effort to distinguish between the more prolific severe-weather-producing events and those that produce only isolated severe weather. The meteorological summer months (June-August) are found to coincide with the peak severe season. During this time, 850-500- and 700-500-hPa lapse rates, mixed layer convective inhibition (MLCIN), and downdraft convective available potential energy (DCAPE) are found to be statistically significant in discriminating events with a large number of reports from those producing fewer reports, based on observed soundings. Composite synoptic pattern analyses are also presented to spatially characterize the distribution of key meteorological variables associated with severe weather events of differing magnitudes. The presence of a midlevel trough and particular characteristics of its tilt, along with an accompanying zone of enhanced flow, are found in association with the higher-report severe weather events, along with cooler midlevel temperatures overlaying warmer low-level temperatures (i.e., contributing to the steeper lapse rates). During the meteorological fall and winter months (September-February), large-scale ascent is often bolstered by the presence of a coupled upper-level jet structure. C1 [Hurlbut, Melissa M.; Cohen, Ariel E.] NOAA NWS NCEP Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. RP Hurlbut, MM (reprint author), Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM melissa.hurlbut@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 3 EP 22 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00042.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300YU UT WOS:000330500700001 ER PT J AU Johnson, NC Collins, DC Feldstein, SB L'Heureux, ML Riddle, EE AF Johnson, Nathaniel C. Collins, Dan C. Feldstein, Steven B. L'Heureux, Michelle L. Riddle, Emily E. TI Skillful Wintertime North American Temperature Forecasts out to 4 Weeks Based on the State of ENSO and the MJO SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Teleconnections; ENSO; Madden-Julian oscillation; Probability forecasts; models; distribution; Statistical forecasting; Intraseasonal variability ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; TELECONNECTION PATTERN; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; TROPICAL CONVECTION; SEASONAL PREDICTION; BOREAL WINTER AB Previous work has shown that the combined influence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) significantly impacts the wintertime circulation over North America for lead times up to at least 4 weeks. These findings suggest that both the MJO and ENSO may prove beneficial for generating a seamless prediction link between short-range deterministic forecasts and longer-range seasonal forecasts. To test the feasibility of this link, wintertime (December-March) probabilistic 2-m temperature (T2m) forecasts over North America are generated solely on the basis of the linear trend and statistical relationships with the initial state of the MJO and ENSO. Overall, such forecasts exhibit substantial skill for some regions and some initial states of the MJO and ENSO out to a lead time of approximately 4 weeks. In addition, the primary ENSO T2m regions of influence are nearly orthogonal to those of the MJO, which suggests that the MJO and ENSO generally excite different patterns within the continuum of large-scale atmospheric teleconnections. The strong forecast skill scores for some regions and initial states confirm the promise that information from the MJO and ENSO may offer forecasts of opportunity in weeks 3 and 4, which extend beyond the current 2-week extended-range outlooks of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Climate Prediction Center (CPC), and an intraseasonal link to longer-range probabilistic forecasts. C1 [Johnson, Nathaniel C.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Johnson, Nathaniel C.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Collins, Dan C.; L'Heureux, Michelle L.; Riddle, Emily E.] NOAA NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Feldstein, Steven B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Coll Earth & Mineral Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Riddle, Emily E.] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA USA. RP Johnson, NC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, IPRC, 401 POST Bldg,1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM natj@hawaii.edu RI Johnson, Nathaniel/L-8045-2015 OI Johnson, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4906-178X FU NOAA Climate Test Bed program [NA10OAR4310250] FX We are grateful for support through a grant from the NOAA Climate Test Bed program (Award NA10OAR4310250). We also thank three anonymous reviewers whose comments and suggestions substantially improved this paper. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 23 EP 38 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00102.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300YU UT WOS:000330500700002 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Gao, JD Calhoun, KM Stensrud, DJ Manross, KL Ortega, KL Fu, CH Kingfield, DM Elmore, KL Lakshmanan, V Riedel, C AF Smith, Travis M. Gao, Jidong Calhoun, Kristin M. Stensrud, David J. Manross, Kevin L. Ortega, Kiel L. Fu, Chenghao Kingfield, Darrel M. Elmore, Kimberly L. Lakshmanan, Valliappa Riedel, Christopher TI Examination of a Real-Time 3DVAR Analysis System in the Hazardous Weather Testbed SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Severe storms; Supercells; Radars; Radar observations; Nowcasting; Data assimilation ID NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; STORM IDENTIFICATION; DETECTION ALGORITHM; PART II; PREDICTION; WSR-88D; MODEL; ARPS; VERIFICATION; RESOLUTION AB Forecasters and research meteorologists tested a real-time three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system in the Hazardous Weather Testbed during the springs of 2010-12 to determine its capabilities to assist in the warning process for severe storms. This storm-scale system updates a dynamically consistent three-dimensional wind field every 5 min, with horizontal and average vertical grid spacings of 1 km and 400 m, respectively. The system analyzed the life cycles of 218 supercell thunderstorms on 27 event days during these experiments, producing multiple products such as vertical velocity, vertical vorticity, and updraft helicity. These data are compared to multiradar-multisensor data from the Warning Decision Support System-Integrated Information to document the performance characteristics of the system, such as how vertical vorticity values compare to azimuthal shear fields calculated directly from Doppler radial velocity. Data are stratified by range from the nearest radar, as well as by the number of radars entering into the analysis of a particular storm. The 3DVAR system shows physically realistic trends of updraft speed and vertical vorticity for a majority of cases. Improvements are needed to better estimate the near-surface winds when no radar is nearby and to improve the timeliness of the input data. However, the 3DVAR wind field information provides an integrated look at storm structure that may be of more use to forecasters than traditional radar-based proxies used to infer severe weather potential. C1 [Smith, Travis M.; Calhoun, Kristin M.; Manross, Kevin L.; Ortega, Kiel L.; Fu, Chenghao; Kingfield, Darrel M.; Elmore, Kimberly L.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Riedel, Christopher] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Smith, Travis M.; Gao, Jidong; Calhoun, Kristin M.; Stensrud, David J.; Manross, Kevin L.; Ortega, Kiel L.; Kingfield, Darrel M.; Elmore, Kimberly L.; Lakshmanan, Valliappa; Riedel, Christopher] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Smith, TM (reprint author), NSSL WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM travis.smith@noaa.gov FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA11OAR4320072]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA11OAR4320072, U.S. Department of Commerce. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful comments. Special thanks go to Karen Cooper and Jeff Brogden for their assistance with real-time data processing, and to Brett Morrow and Steve Fletcher for system support. NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00044.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300YU UT WOS:000330500700004 ER PT J AU Aberson, SD AF Aberson, Sim D. TI A Climatological Baseline for Assessing the Skill of Tropical Cyclone Phase Forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Atlantic Ocean; Hurricanes; typhoons; Tropical cyclones; Classification; Forecast verification; skill ID ATLANTIC BASIN; PREDICTION; VERIFICATION; CYCLOGENESIS; PERSISTENCE; MODEL; WIND AB A simple linear discriminant analysis scheme using climatological predictors is derived for the Atlantic basin as a no-skill baseline for operational phase forecasts from the National Hurricane Center (NHC). The model with independent data correctly classifies 80% of the cases at 12 h, and this value decreases to about 45% by 60 h, remaining steady thereafter. Using the same cases, NHC-issued phase predictions were more frequently accurate than the baseline, so their forecasts are said to have skill. C1 NOAA AOML Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Aberson, SD (reprint author), NOAA AOML Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sim.aberson@noaa.gov RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013 OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 IS 1 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00130.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300YU UT WOS:000330500700008 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Chang, YS Yang, X Rosati, A AF Zhang, S. Chang, Y. -S. Yang, X. Rosati, A. TI Balanced and Coherent Climate Estimation by Combining Data with a Biased Coupled Model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Climate prediction; Ensembles; Data assimilation; Model initialization ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; DATA ASSIMILATION; SEA; SIMULATION; SYSTEM; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT; FILTER AB Given a biased coupled model and the atmospheric and oceanic observing system, maintaining a balanced and coherent climate estimation is of critical importance for producing accurate climate analysis and prediction initialization. However, because of limitations of the observing system (e.g., most of the oceanic measurements are only available for the upper ocean), directly evaluating climate estimation with real observations is difficult. With two coupled models that are biased with respect to each other, a biased twin experiment is designed to simulate the problem. To do that, the atmospheric and oceanic observations drawn from one model based on the modern climate observing system are assimilated into the other. The model that produces observations serves as the truth and the degree by which an assimilation recovers the truth steadily and coherently is an assessment of the impact of the data constraint scheme on climate estimation. Given the assimilation model bias of warmer atmosphere and colder ocean, where the atmospheric-only (oceanic only) data constraint produces an overcooling (overwarming) ocean through the atmosphere-ocean interaction, the constraints with both atmospheric and oceanic data create a balanced and coherent ocean estimate as the observational model. Moreover, the consistent atmosphere-ocean constraint produces the most accurate estimate for North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), whereas NADW is too strong (weak) if the system is only constrained by atmospheric (oceanic) data. These twin experiment results provide insights that consistent data constraints of multiple components are very important when a coupled model is combined with the climate observing system for climate estimation and prediction initialization. C1 [Zhang, S.; Yang, X.; Rosati, A.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Chang, Y. -S.] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Earth Sci Educ, Gongju, South Korea. [Yang, X.] UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), NOAA GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM shaoqing.zhang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1302 EP 1314 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00260.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 294YY UT WOS:000330085000020 ER PT J AU Fan, M Chen, L Xiong, X Li, S Tao, J Su, L Zou, M Zhang, Y AF Fan, M. Chen, L. Xiong, X. Li, S. Tao, J. Su, L. Zou, M. Zhang, Y. TI Scattering properties of soot-containing particles and their impact by humidity in 1.6 mu m SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE Scattering properties; Relative humidity; Soot-containing particle; T-matrix method; CMGMM ID DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN; LIGHT-SCATTERING; HYGROSCOPIC PROPERTIES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; MULTIPLE SCATTERING; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; METALLIC-FILMS AB Short-wave infrared (SWIR) band in wavelength near 1.6 mu m is one of the key bands used for satellite observation of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). However, one major uncertainty to use this band for the CO2 retrieval is the scattering by cloud and aerosol particles. To better understand the scattering properties of soot-containing particles in this band, this paper studied the scattering properties for three typical types of soot-containing particles in China: (I) internal mixture, (II) pure soot aggregate, and (III) semi-external 'mixture. Assumed as single non-spherical particle for type I, its scattering property is computed using the T-matrix method combined with the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory and the hygroscopic growth theory. For types II and III, a particle-cluster aggregation algorithm is employed to generate fractal-like aggregates, and their scattering properties are computed using the Core-Mantle Generalized Multi-sphere Mie-solution method combined with the hygroscopic growth theory of both monomers and aggregated particles. The simulated results demonstrate that their scattering properties are quite different and strongly impacted by the levels of relative humidity (RH). For type I, the RH plays a much more important role than the morphology in impacting the scattering properties, and the scattering phase functions among different shaped particles have a larger difference for larger particles and higher RH. For type II, both the RH and morphology significantly affect its scattering properties. The single scattering albedo (omega) can be underestimated up to similar to 50% without considering the effects of RH and morphological changes. For type III, its scattering properties mainly depend on the RH and the size of the large water-soluble particle. Although the enlarged soot aggregate, which is attached to a water-soluble particle, almost does not change the light direction, it can result in a significant reduction in omega (similar to 0.15) at low RH for small particles. By comparing the scattering parameters of wet particles at a certain RH level with the dry ones, the impact by the heterogeneity of aerosols generally becomes larger with the increase of RH, but becomes smaller with the increase of particle size. These results suggest that, although the water vapor absorption itself is small in 1.6 pm CO2 band, it can significantly impact the scattering properties of these particles through its effect on the hygroscopic growth of the non-spherical and heterogeneous aerosols. This impact should be taken into account in the retrieval of CO2 using 1.6 mu m as well as other related remote sensing applications. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fan, M.; Chen, L.; Li, S.; Tao, J.; Su, L.; Zou, M.; Zhang, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. [Fan, M.; Zou, M.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Xiong, X.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NESDIS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Li, S.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Chen, L (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Remote Sensing & Digital Earth, State Key Lab Remote Sensing Sci, POB 9718,20 Datun Rd,Olymp Sci & Technol Pk CAS, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China. EM lfchen@irsa.ac.cn RI Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010 FU Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [41130528]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDB05020100] FX The authors appreciate financial support for this work from the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41130528) and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant no. XDB05020100). We thank Dr. Michael I. Mishchenko for publicly providing the T-matrix code (http://www.giss.nasa.gov/staff/mmishchenko/ t_matrix.html), and thank Dr. Yunlin Xu for publicly providing the CMGMM code (http://www.scattport.org/ files/xu/codes.htm). NR 62 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 134 BP 91 EP 103 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.11.004 PG 13 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 297MH UT WOS:000330259100011 ER PT J AU Lang, TJ Rutledge, SA Dolan, B Krehbiel, P Rison, W Lindsey, DT AF Lang, Timothy J. Rutledge, Steven A. Dolan, Brenda Krehbiel, Paul Rison, William Lindsey, Daniel T. TI Lightning in Wildfire Smoke Plumes Observed in Colorado during Summer 2012 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Forest fires; Lightning; Wildfires; Atmospheric electricity; Radars; Radar observations; Satellite observations ID FOREST-FIRE; CHARGE SEPARATION; MAPPING ARRAY; RADAR DATA; CLOUD; ELECTRIFICATION; PRECIPITATION; MICROPHYSICS; REFLECTIVITY; MECHANISM AB Pyrocumulus clouds above three Colorado wildfires (Hewlett Gulch, High Park, and Waldo Canyon; all during the summer of 2012) electrified and produced localized intracloud discharges whenever the smoke plumes grew above 10 km MSL (approximately -45 degrees C). Vertical development occurred during periods of rapid wildfire growth, as indicated by the shortwave infrared channel on a geostationary satellite, as well as by incident reports. The lightning discharges were detected by a three-dimensional lightning mapping network. Based on Doppler and polarimetric radar observations, they likely were caused by ice-based electrification processes that did not involve significant amounts of high-density graupel. Plumes that did not feature significant amounts of radar-inferred ice at high altitudes did not produce lightning, which means lightning observations may assist in diagnosing pyrocumulus features that could affect the radiative characteristics and chemical composition of the upper troposphere. The lightning was not detected by the National Lightning Detection Network, implying that pyrocumulus lightning may occur more frequently than past studies (which lacked access to detailed intracloud information) might suggest. Given the known spatial and temporal advantages provided by lightning networks over radar and satellite data, the results also indicate a possible new application for lightning data in monitoring wildfire state. C1 [Lang, Timothy J.] NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. [Rutledge, Steven A.; Dolan, Brenda] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Krehbiel, Paul; Rison, William] New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA NESDIS STAR RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lang, TJ (reprint author), NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, ZP11, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. EM timothy.j.lang@nasa.gov RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010; OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683; Lang, Timothy/0000-0003-1576-572X FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1010G6S7]; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center; NSF FX Pat Kennedy, Bob Bowie, and Brody Fuchs of CSU assisted with the radar scanning for the Hewlett Gulch case. Paul Hein from CSU provided data and analysis support. Vaisala supplied the NLDN flash-level data analyzed in this study. The sounding data were obtained from the University of Wyoming web archive. Katherine Willingham provided the NMQ radar mosaic data on behalf of NOAA. The authors also thank the journal editor and reviewers for their assistance with publishing this study. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant AGS-1010G6S7, as well as by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center's Fiscal Year 2013 Science Innovation Fund. NSF provided principal funding for DC3's Colorado ground-based facilities and operations. The views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors, and should not be construed as an official NASA, NOAA, or U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 70 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 489 EP 507 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00184.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295EZ UT WOS:000330100700001 ER PT J AU Marquis, J Richardson, Y Markowski, P Dowell, D Wurman, J Kosiba, K Robinson, P Romine, G AF Marquis, James Richardson, Yvette Markowski, Paul Dowell, David Wurman, Joshua Kosiba, Karen Robinson, Paul Romine, Glen TI An Investigation of the Goshen County, Wyoming, Tornadic Supercell of 5 June 2009 Using EnKF Assimilation of Mobile Mesonet and Radar Observations Collected during VORTEX2. Part I: Experiment Design and Verification of the EnKF Analyses SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Convective storms; Supercells; Tornadoes; Data assimilation; Numerical analysis; modeling ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; BULK MICROPHYSICS PARAMETERIZATION; REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; STORM-SCALE ANALYSES; LOW-LEVEL WIND; DOPPLER RADAR; DUAL-DOPPLER; PRETORNADIC PHASE; OKLAHOMA; THUNDERSTORMS AB High-resolution Doppler radar velocities and in situ surface observations collected in a tornadic supercell on 5 June 2009 during the second Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX2) are assimilated into a simulated convective storm using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). A series of EnKF experiments using a 1-km horizontal model grid spacing demonstrates the sensitivity of the cold pool and kinematic structure of the storm to the assimilation of these observations and to different model microphysics parameterizations. An experiment is performed using a finer grid spacing (500 m) and the most optimal data assimilation and model configurations from the sensitivity tests to produce a realistically evolving storm. Analyses from this experiment are verified against dual-Doppler and in situ observations and are evaluated for their potential to confidently evaluate mesocyclone-scale processes in the storm using trajectory analysis and calculations of Lagrangian vorticity budgets. In Part II of this study, these analyses will be further evaluated to learn the roles that mesocyclone-scale processes play in tornado formation, maintenance, and decay. The coldness of the simulated low-level outflow is generally insensitive to the choice of certain microphysical parameterizations, likely owing to the vast quantity of kinematic and in situ thermodynamic observations assimilated. The three-dimensional EnKF wind fields and parcel trajectories resemble those retrieved from dual-Doppler observations within the storm, suggesting that realistic four-dimensional mesocyclone-scale processes are captured. However, potential errors are found in trajectories and Lagrangian three-dimensional vorticity budget calculations performed within the mesocyclone that may be due to the coarse (2 min) temporal resolution of the analyses. Therefore, caution must be exercised when interpreting trajectories in this area of the storm. C1 [Marquis, James; Richardson, Yvette; Markowski, Paul] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Dowell, David] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Wurman, Joshua; Kosiba, Karen; Robinson, Paul] Ctr Severe Weather Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Romine, Glen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Marquis, J (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jmarquis@met.psu.edu RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013; Dowell, David/E-7855-2015; OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074; Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390 FU National Science Foundation [AGS-0801035, AGS-0801041, AGS-1157646, AGS-1211132]; NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast project FX This research was funded by National Science Foundation Grants AGS-0801035, AGS-0801041, AGS-1157646, AGS-1211132, and AGS-0801041, and NOAA's Warn-on-Forecast project. The DOW radars are NSF Lower Atmospheric Observing Facilities supported by AGS-0734001. Data assimilation experiments were conducted using NCAR Yellowstone and CISL facilities, the NCAR Data Assimilation Research Testbed, and the WRF-ARW software packages. We thank Lou Wicker, Jidong Gao, and Altug Aksoy for their helpful comments on this research. We would also like to thank Nancy Collins, Jeff Anderson, Johannes Dahl, Dan Dawson, Hugh Morrison, George Bryan, Chris Snyder, Don Burgess, Pat Skinner, Tony Reinhart, Terra Thompson, Robin Tanamachi, Matt Parker, and Morris Weisman for advice and helpful discussion of topics related to this research. We also are thankful to all participants of VORTEX2 for their dedication in collecting the data used in this study. NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 530 EP 554 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00007.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295EZ UT WOS:000330100700003 ER PT J AU Jin, Y Wang, SP Nachamkin, J Doyle, JD Thompson, G Grasso, L Holt, T Moskaitis, J Jin, H Hodur, RM Zhao, QY Liu, M DeMaria, M AF Jin, Yi Wang, Shouping Nachamkin, Jason Doyle, James D. Thompson, Gregory Grasso, Lewis Holt, Teddy Moskaitis, Jon Jin, Hao Hodur, Richard M. Zhao, Qingyun Liu, Ming DeMaria, Mark TI The Impact of Ice Phase Cloud Parameterizations on Tropical Cyclone Prediction SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Tropical cyclones; Cloud parameterizations; Mesoscale models; Model evaluation; performance; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting; Regional models ID BULK MICROPHYSICS SCHEME; PART II; RAPID INTENSIFICATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; INNER CORE; EXPLICIT SIMULATION; HURRICANE BONNIE; MESOSCALE MODEL; HOT TOWERS; SENSITIVITY AB The impact of ice phase cloud microphysical processes on prediction of tropical cyclone environment is examined for two microphysical parameterizations using the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System-Tropical Cyclone (COAMPS-TC) model. An older version of microphysical parameterization is a relatively typical single-moment scheme with five hydrometeor species: cloud water and ice, rain, snow, and graupel. An alternative newer method uses a hybrid approach of double moment in cloud ice and rain and single moment in the other three species. Basin-scale synoptic flow simulations point to important differences between these two schemes. The upper-level cloud ice concentrations produced by the older scheme are up to two orders of magnitude greater than the newer scheme, primarily due to differing assumptions concerning the ice nucleation parameterization. Significant (1 degrees-2 degrees C) warm biases near the 300-hPa level in the control experiments are not present using the newer scheme. The warm bias in the control simulations is associated with the longwave radiative heating near the base of the cloud ice layer. The two schemes produced different track and intensity forecasts for 15 Atlantic storms. Rightward cross-track bias and positive intensity bias in the control forecasts are significantly reduced using the newer scheme. Synthetic satellite imagery of Hurricane Igor (2010) shows more realistic brightness temperatures from the simulations using the newer scheme, in which the inner core structure is clearly discernible. Applying the synthetic satellite imagery in both quantitative and qualitative analyses helped to pinpoint the issue of excessive upper-level cloud ice in the older scheme. C1 [Jin, Yi; Wang, Shouping; Nachamkin, Jason; Doyle, James D.; Holt, Teddy; Moskaitis, Jon; Jin, Hao; Hodur, Richard M.; Zhao, Qingyun; Liu, Ming] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Thompson, Gregory] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Grasso, Lewis] CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [DeMaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Jin, Y (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper Ave, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM yi.jin@nrlmry.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research Program [0601153N]; NOAA HFIP; Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Center FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research Program Element 0601153N and NOAA HFIP. We are also grateful to the computational resource and support provided by the Department of Defense (DoD) High Performance Center. NR 76 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 606 EP 625 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00058.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295EZ UT WOS:000330100700007 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Kiladis, GN AF Hamill, Thomas M. Kiladis, George N. TI Skill of the MJO and Northern Hemisphere Blocking in GEFS Medium-Range Reforecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Forecast verification; skill; Hindcasts; Ensembles; Model evaluation; performance; Numerical weather prediction; forecasting ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; FORECAST SKILL; CIRCULATION ANOMALIES; SIMULATION DIAGNOSTICS; IMPACT; PACIFIC; CLIMATE; PROJECT; MODELS AB Forecast characteristics of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking and the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) were diagnosed using an extensive time series (December-February 1985-2012) of daily medium-range ensemble reforecasts based on a version of the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS).For blocking, (i) interannual variability of analyzed blocking frequency was quite large, (ii) the GEFS slightly underforecasted blocking frequency at longer leads in the Euro-Atlantic sector, (iii) predictive skill of actual blocking was substantially smaller than its perfect-model skill, (iv) block onset and cessation were forecast less well than overall blocking frequency, (v) there was substantial variability of blocking skill between half-decadal periods, and (vi) the reliability of probabilistic blocking forecasts degraded with increasing lead time.For the MJO, (i) forecasts of strong Indian Ocean MJOs propagated too slowly, especially the component associated with outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), that is, convection; (ii) tropical precipitation was greatly overforecast at early lead times; (iii) the ensemble predictions were biased and/or underdispersive, manifested in U-shaped rank histograms of MJO indices (magnitude forecasts were especially U shaped); (iv) MJO correlation skill was larger for its wind than for its OLR component, and was larger for the higher-amplitude MJO events; (v) there was some half-decadal variability in skill; and (vi) probabilistic skill of the MJO forecast was modest, and skill was larger when measured relative to climatology than when measured relative to a lagged persistence forecast.For longer-lead forecasts, the GEFS demonstrated little ability to replicate the changes in blocking frequency due to a strong MJO that were noted in analyzed data. C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov FU Department of Energy Advanced Leadership Computing Challenge supercomputer grant; NOAA USWRP FX The reforecast dataset used here was created under a 2010 Department of Energy Advanced Leadership Computing Challenge supercomputer grant. This manuscript was partly supported by a NOAA USWRP grant on methods for estimating model uncertainty. We thank John Cortinas, the NOAA program manager, for his assistance and guidance on USWRP funding. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 868 EP 885 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00199.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295EZ UT WOS:000330100700022 ER PT J AU Sraj, I Iskandarani, M Thacker, WC Srinivasan, A Knio, OM AF Sraj, Ihab Iskandarani, Mohamed Thacker, W. Carlisle Srinivasan, Ashwanth Knio, Omar M. TI Drag Parameter Estimation Using Gradients and Hessian from a Polynomial Chaos Model Surrogate SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Hurricanes; Ocean circulation; Bayesian methods; Inverse methods; Optimization ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; ADJOINT VORTICITY EQUATION; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; INVERSE PROBLEMS; DIMENSION AB A variational inverse problem is solved using polynomial chaos expansions to infer several critical variables in the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model's (HYCOM's) wind drag parameterization. This alternative to the Bayesian inference approach in Sraj et al. avoids the complications of constructing the full posterior with Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling. It focuses instead on identifying the center and spread of the posterior distribution. The present approach leverages the polynomial chaos series to estimate, at very little extra cost, the gradients and Hessian of the cost function during minimization. The Hessian's inverse yields an estimate of the uncertainty in the solution when the latter's probability density is approximately Gaussian. The main computational burden is an ensemble of realizations to build the polynomial chaos expansion; no adjoint code or additional forward model runs are needed once the series is available. The ensuing optimal parameters are compared to those obtained in Sraj et al. where the full posterior distribution was constructed. The similarities and differences between the new methodology and a traditional adjoint-based calculation are discussed. C1 [Sraj, Ihab; Knio, Omar M.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Iskandarani, Mohamed; Thacker, W. Carlisle; Srinivasan, Ashwanth] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Thacker, W. Carlisle] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Knio, OM (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM omar.knio@duke.edu RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013; OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826; Sraj, Ihab/0000-0002-6158-472X FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-101-0498]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC008789]; Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [SA1207GOMRI005, SA12GOMRI008] FX This research was supported by the Office of Naval Research, Award N00014-101-0498, by the U.S. Department of Energy, Award DE-SC008789, and by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Contracts SA1207GOMRI005 (CARTHE) and SA12GOMRI008 (DEEP-C). NR 44 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 142 IS 2 BP 933 EP 941 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00087.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295EZ UT WOS:000330100700026 ER PT J AU Baums, IB Godwin, LS Franklin, EC Carlon, DB Toonen, RJ AF Baums, Iliana B. Godwin, L. Scott Franklin, Erik C. Carlon, David B. Toonen, Robert J. TI Discordant population expansions in four species of coral-associated Pacific hermit crabs (Anomura: Diogenidae) linked to habitat availability resulting from sea-level change SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; Calcinus; Central Pacific; connectivity; coral reef; demographic history; population structure; sea-level change; spatial genetic patterns ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; HISTORY; SPECIATION; CALCINUS; PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; COMMUNITY; DECAPODA; DIVERSIFICATION; INVERTEBRATES; CONNECTIVITY AB AimTo explore the spatial and temporal genetic structure of four tropical hermit crabs in the genus Calcinus with varying habitat use in order to test for impacts of sea-level change and demography in shaping contemporary population structure and to understand how this structure relates to the process of speciation in the genus. LocationCentral Pacific. MethodsWe sequenced 586bp of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI) (n=702) and analysed the data for population differentiation and demographic changes. We complemented the sequences with abundance surveys of targeted species and modelled potential habitat availability in response to sea-level change. ResultsSequence data revealed high haplotype diversity (h=0.685-0.983) and low nucleotide diversity (=0.002-0.018) for all species. There was little population differentiation and extensive geographical haplotype sharing within all species, despite dramatic shifts in the abundance of species among locations, which appear to result from ecological interactions rather than limits to contemporary larval dispersal. Population expansion occurred most recently in the subtidal species Calcinushaigae (30-70ka), whereas the intertidal species showed earlier expansions: Calcinusseurati: 110-140ka, and Calcinuslaevimanus: 220-250ka. Differences in timing can be linked to the prediction that subtidal habitat area is strongly affected by changing sea level, while intertidal habitat area is affected less strongly. Interestingly, unlike the West Pacific, habitat in the Central Pacific remains relatively equidistant. Main conclusionsHabitat availability during sea-level fluctuations, rather than dispersal limitation per se, appears to be a potential force shaping the population genetic patterns of subtidal species, and perhaps speciation of tropical Calcinus hermit crabs. Insofar as this represents a general pattern, historical sea-level change may play a role in structuring Central Pacific reef species through alteration of habitat availability rather than isolation and vicariance. C1 [Baums, Iliana B.] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Godwin, L. Scott] NOAA, Off Natl Marine Sanctuaries, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. [Franklin, Erik C.; Toonen, Robert J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Franklin, Erik C.; Carlon, David B.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baums, IB (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, 208 Mueller Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM baums@psu.edu RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010; OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308; Toonen, Rob/0000-0001-6339-4340 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE - 0550294]; US EPA STAR PhD Fellowship [FP917096, OCE-0623678, 1260169]; National Marine Sanctuaries NWHICRER-HIMB [MOA-2005-008/6882] FX We thank P. LaFemina, L-C. Chen, C. Lippe, K. Tice, C. Bird, M. Malay, M. Stat, S. Kahng, M. Timmers, G. Concepcion, M. Craig, M. Gaither, J. Salerno, S. Daley, M. Crepeau and Z. Forsman for assistance. We thank the Papahanaumokuakca Marine National Monument, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) staff for co-ordinating research activities and permitting, and the crew of the research vessel Hi'ialakai for years of outstanding service. Special thanks go to J. Leong, B. Bowen, S. Karl, A. Wilhelm, R. Kosaki and the members of the ToBo Lab, as well as the HIMB EPSCoR Core Genetics Facility, UH Dive Safety Program, US National Marine Fisheries Service, Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center, and the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division. Funding was provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) OCE - 0550294 to I.B.B., US EPA STAR PhD Fellowship FP917096 to E.C.F., OCE-0623678 and 1260169 to R.J.T. and the National Marine Sanctuaries NWHICRER-HIMB partnership (MOA-2005-008/6882). This is HIMB contribution 1553 and SOEST contribution 8936. NR 70 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-0270 EI 1365-2699 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 339 EP 352 DI 10.1111/jbi.12181 PG 14 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 290SI UT WOS:000329778200004 ER PT J AU Baroudi, K Yim, C Wu, H Huang, QZ Roudebush, JH Vavilova, E Grafe, HJ Kataev, V Buechner, B Ji, HW Kuo, CY Hu, ZW Pi, TW Pao, CW Lee, J Mikhailova, D Tjeng, LH Cava, RJ AF Baroudi, Kristen Yim, Cindi Wu, Hui Huang, Qingzhen Roudebush, John H. Vavilova, Eugenia Grafe, Hans-Joachim Kataev, Vladislav Buechner, Bernd Ji, Huiwen Kuo, Changyang Hu, Zhiwei Pi, Tun-Wen Pao, Chiwen Lee, Jyhfu Mikhailova, Dania Tjeng, Liu Hao Cava, R. J. TI Structure and properties of alpha-NaFeO2-type ternary sodium iridates SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Iridate; Honeycomb; Spin Glass; Oxide ID DIFFRACTION; DISORDER AB The synthesis, structure, and elementary magnetic and electronic properties are reported for layered compounds of the type Na3-xMIr2O6 and Na3-xM2IrO6, where M is a transition metal from the 3d series (M=Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe and Mn). The rhombohedral structures, in space group R-3m, were determined by refinement of neutron and synchrotron powder diffraction data. No clear evidence for long range 2:1 or 1:2 honeycomb-like M/Ir ordering was found in the neutron powder diffraction patterns except in the case of M=Zn, and thus in general the compounds are best designated as sodium deficient alpha-NaFeO2-type Phases with formulas Na1-xM1/3Ir2/3O2 or Na1-xM2/3Ir1/3O2. Synchrotron powder diffraction patterns indicate that several of the compounds likely have honeycomb in-plane metal-iridium ordering with disordered stacking of the layers. All the compounds are sodium deficient under our synthetic conditions and are black and insulating. Weiss constants derived from magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate that Na0.62Mn0.61Ir0.39O2, Na0.80Fe2/3Ir1/3O2, Na0.92Ni1/3Ir2/3O2, Na0.86Cu1/3Ir2/3O2, and Na0.89Zn1/3Ir2/3O2 display dominant antiferromagnetic interactions. For Na0.90Co1/3Ir2/3O2 the dominant magnetic interactions at low temperature are ferromagnetic while at high temperatures they are antiferromagnetic; there is also a change in the effective moment. Low temperature specific heat measurements (to 2 K) on Na0.32Ni1/3Ir2/3O2 indicate the presence of a broad magnetic ordering transition. X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that iridium is at or close to the 4+ oxidation state in all compounds. Na-23 nuclear magnetic resonance measurements comparing Na2IrO3 to Na0.92Ni1/3Ir2/3O2 and Na0.89Zn1/3Ir2/3O2 provide strong indications that the electron spins are short-range ordered in the latter two materials. Na0.62Mn0.61Ir0.39O2, Na0.80Fe2/3Ir1/3O2, Na0.90Co1/3Ir2/3O2, Na0.92Ni1/3Ir2/3O2, Na0.86Cu1/3Ir2/3O2 and Na0.89Zn1/3Ir2/3O2 are spin glasses. (CSD-numbers: Na0.62Mn0,61Ir0.39O2: 426657, Na0.80Fe2/3Ir1/3O2: 426659, Na0.90Co1/3Ir2/3O2: 426658, Na0.92Ni1/3Ir2/3O2: 426656, Na0.86Cu1/3Ir2/3O2: 426655, and Na2.8ZnIr2O6: 426660.) (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Baroudi, Kristen; Yim, Cindi; Roudebush, John H.; Ji, Huiwen; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wu, Hui; Huang, Qingzhen] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vavilova, Eugenia; Grafe, Hans-Joachim; Kataev, Vladislav; Buechner, Bernd] Leibniz Inst Solid State & Mat Res IFW, Dresden, Germany. [Vavilova, Eugenia] Russian Acad Sci, Zavoisky Phys Tech Inst, Kazan, Russia. [Buechner, Bernd] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Festkorperphys, D-01062 Dresden, Germany. [Kuo, Changyang; Hu, Zhiwei; Pi, Tun-Wen; Mikhailova, Dania; Tjeng, Liu Hao] Max Planck Inst Chem Phys Solids, D-01187 Dresden, Germany. [Pao, Chiwen; Lee, Jyhfu] Natl Synchrotron Radiat Res Ctr, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan. RP Baroudi, K (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kbaroudi@princeton.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Ji, Huiwen/O-5145-2014; Buchner, Bernd/E-2437-2016 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Buchner, Bernd/0000-0002-3886-2680 FU NSF Solid state chemistry program [NSF-DMR-1005438]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-ACO2-06CH11357]; RFBR [RFBR 14-02-01194] FX The work at Princeton was supported by the NSF Solid state chemistry program, grant NSF-DMR-1005438. The authors thank the 11-BM team at the Advanced Photon Source for their excellent synchrotron diffraction data. Use of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract no. DE-ACO2-06CH11357. EV acknowledges support of RFBR through grant RFBR 14-02-01194. Jason Krizan is acknowledged for helpful discussions. NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 5 U2 86 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 210 IS 1 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.11.017 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 294XT UT WOS:000330081900030 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Karl, TR Kossin, JP Kunkel, KE Lawrimore, JH McMahon, JR Vose, RS Yin, XG AF Peterson, Thomas C. Karl, Thomas R. Kossin, James P. Kunkel, Kenneth E. Lawrimore, Jay H. McMahon, James R. Vose, Russell S. Yin, Xungang TI Changes in weather and climate extremes: State of knowledge relevant to air and water quality in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE TRENDS; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; TROPICAL CYCLONES; HEAT WAVES; HURRICANE INTENSITY; AFRICAN DUST; CACHE VALLEY; BLACK CARBON; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY AB Air and water quality are impacted by extreme weather and climate events on time scales ranging from minutes to many months. This review paper discusses the state of knowledge of how and why extreme events are changing and are projected to change in the future. These events include heat waves, cold waves, floods, droughts, hurricanes, strong extratropical cyclones such as nor'easters, heavy rain, and major snowfalls. Some of these events, such as heat waves, are projected to increase, while others, with cold waves being a good example, will decrease in intensity in our warming world. Each extreme's impact on air or water quality can be complex and can even vary over the course of the event. Implications: Because extreme weather and climate events impact air and water quality, understanding how the various extremes are changing and are projected to change in the future has ramifications on air and water quality management. C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.; Karl, Thomas R.; Kossin, James P.; Lawrimore, Jay H.; Vose, Russell S.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Kossin, James P.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [McMahon, James R.] LMI, Mclean, VA USA. [Yin, Xungang] ERT Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM thomas.c.peterson@noaa.gov RI Kossin, James/C-2022-2016; Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kossin, James/0000-0003-0461-9794; Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 FU NOAA; Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was fully supported by NOAA, including its support of the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. NR 112 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 6 U2 41 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 64 IS 2 BP 184 EP 197 DI 10.1080/10962247.2013.851044 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 292JZ UT WOS:000329899300006 PM 24654387 ER PT J AU Anderson, EC Skaug, HJ Barshis, DJ AF Anderson, Eric C. Skaug, Hans J. Barshis, Daniel J. TI Next-generation sequencing for molecular ecology: a caveat regarding pooled samples SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE compound multinomial distribution; outlier analysis; population divergence; SNP discovery ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENETIC-VARIATION; SNP DISCOVERY; DNA SAMPLES; BALTIC SEA; POPULATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; ACCURACY; MARKERS AB We develop a model based on the Dirichlet-compound multinomial distribution (CMD) and Ewens sampling formula to predict the fraction of SNP loci that will appear fixed for alternate alleles between two pooled samples drawn from the same underlying population. We apply this model to next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from Baltic Sea herring recently published by (Corander etal., , Molecular Ecology, 2931-2940), and show that there are many more fixed loci than expected in the absence of genetic structure. However, we show through coalescent simulations that the degree of population structure required to explain the fraction of alternatively fixed SNPs is extraordinarily high and that the surplus of fixed loci is more likely a consequence of limited representation of individual gene copies in the pooled samples, than it is of population structure. Our analysis signals that the use of NGS on pooled samples to identify divergent SNPs warrants caution. With pooled samples, it is hard to diagnose when an NGS experiment has gone awry; especially when NGS data on pooled samples are of low read depth with a limited number of individuals, it may be worthwhile to temper claims of unexpected population differentiation from pooled samples, pending verification with more reliable methods or stricter adherence to recommended sampling designs for pooled sequencing e.g. Futschik & Schlotterer , Genetics, 186, 207; Gautier etal., , Molecular Ecology, 3766-3779). Analysis of the data and diagnosis of problems is easier and more reliable (and can be less costly) with individually barcoded samples. Consequently, for some scenarios, individual barcoding may be preferable to pooling of samples. C1 [Anderson, Eric C.; Barshis, Daniel J.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Anderson, Eric C.; Skaug, Hans J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat SOE2, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Skaug, Hans J.] Univ Bergen, Dept Math, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 77 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1083 EI 1365-294X J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 502 EP 512 DI 10.1111/mec.12609 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 293NW UT WOS:000329980000002 PM 24304095 ER PT J AU Moazami, S Golian, S Kavianpour, MR Hong, Y AF Moazami, Saber Golian, Saeed Kavianpour, M. Reza Hong, Yang TI Uncertainty analysis of bias from satellite rainfall estimates using copula method SO ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Satellite rainfall estimates; PERSIANN; TMPA-3B42; Bias-adjustment; Copula; Uncertainty ID PRECIPITATION PRODUCTS; TAIL-DEPENDENCE; GAUSSIAN COPULA; GAUGE NETWORK; QUALITY; MODEL; BASIN; PARAMETERS; HYDROLOGY; SWAT AB The aim of this study is to develop a copula-based ensemble simulation method for analyzing the uncertainty and adjusting the bias of two high resolution satellite precipitation products (PERS1ANN and TMPA-3B42). First, a set of sixty daily rainfall events that each of them occurs concurrently over twenty 0.25 degrees x 0.25 degrees pixels (corresponding to both PERSIANN and TMPA spatial resolution) is determined to perform the simulations and validations. Next, for a number of fifty-four out of sixty (90%) selected events, the differences between rain gauge measurements as reference surface rainfall data and satellite rainfall estimates (SREs) are considered and termed as observed biases. Then, a multivariate Gaussian copula constructed from the multivariate normal distribution is fitted to the observed biases. Afterward, the copula is employed to generate multiple bias fields randomly based on the observed biases. In fact, copula is invariant to monotonic transformations of random variables and thus the generated bias fields have the same spatial dependence structure as that of the observed biases. Finally, the simulated biases are imposed over the original satellite rainfall estimates in order to obtain an ensemble of bias-adjusted rainfall realizations of satellite estimates. The study area selected for the implementation of the proposed methodology is a region in the southwestern part of Iran. The reliability and performance of the developed model in regard to bias correction of SREs are examined for a number of six out of those sixty (10%) daily rainfall events. Note that these six selected events have not participated in the steps of bias generation. In addition, three statistical indices including bias, root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (CC) are used to evaluate the model. The results indicate that RMSE is improved by 35.42% and 36.66%, CC by 17.24% and 14.89%, and bias by 88.41% and 64.10% for bias-adjusted PERSIANN and TMPA-3B42 estimates, respectively. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Moazami, Saber; Kavianpour, M. Reza] KN Toosi Univ Technol, Sch Civil Engn, Tehran 1969764499, Iran. [Golian, Saeed] Shahrood Univ Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Shahrood 3619995161, Iran. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Moazami, Saber; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Moazami, S (reprint author), Adv Radar Res Ctr, Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 4636,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM saber.moazami@ou.edu RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X NR 73 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0169-8095 EI 1873-2895 J9 ATMOS RES JI Atmos. Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 137 BP 145 EP 166 DI 10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.08.016 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287PG UT WOS:000329554100014 ER PT J AU Pan, ML Criddle, K Severance, C AF Pan, Minling Criddle, Keith Severance, Craig TI Guest Editors' introduction:M Catch shares and Pacific Islands Region Fisheries SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Pan, Minling] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Criddle, Keith] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Severance, Craig] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Dept Anthropol, Hilo, HI USA. [Severance, Craig] Univ Hawaii Hilo, Dept Hist, Hilo, HI USA. RP Pan, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM Minling.Pan@noaa.gov RI Criddle, Keith/P-7080-2016 OI Criddle, Keith/0000-0001-9347-2944 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.08.010 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 287IW UT WOS:000329536400001 ER PT J AU Hospital, J Beavers, C AF Hospital, Justin Beavers, Courtney TI Catch shares and the main Hawaiian Islands bottomfish. fishery: Linking fishery conditions and fisher perceptions SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Catch share management; Hawaii bottomfish ID MARINE FISHERIES AB To address overfishing concerns, a total allowable catch (TAC) management program was instituted in the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) bottomfish fishery during 2007. Using results from a recent survey of bottomfish fishermen, this paper details behavioral and social aspects of bottomfish fishing in Hawaii and explores fisher perceptions towards current fishery conditions and future management alternatives. The paper further discusses the applicability of potential catch share management for this fishery. Bottomfish fishermen expressed uncertainty towards catch share programs and appear to be reluctant about any movement towards catch share management. This paper describes many preexisting conditions in the fishery that suggest a catch share program may not be practical at this time. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hospital, Justin] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Beavers, Courtney] Univ Hawaii, Corp Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Hospital, J (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1000, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM Justin.Hospital@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.08.006 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 287IW UT WOS:000329536400003 ER PT J AU Pan, ML AF Pan, Minling TI Economic characteristics and management challenges of the Hawaii pelagic longline fisheries: Will a catch share program help? SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Catch shares; Hawaii pelagic longline fishery; Transboundary stock; Economic characteristics AB To date, none of the fisheries in the U.S. Pacific Islands Region is managed under a catch share program. In light of the NOAA policy to encourage the use of catch shares as a fishery management tool, the Western Pacific Fishery Management Council (WPFMC) listed six commercial fisheries, including the Hawaii pelagic longline fishery, the largest in the region, as potential candidates for catch share programs. This study examines the baseline economic characteristics and the main challenges facing the Hawaii pelagic longline fishery and evaluates the impact of these on the desirability and feasibility of a catch share program for this particular fishery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Pan, ML (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1601 Kapiolani Blvd,Suite 1000, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM minling.pan@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 BP 18 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.08.008 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 287IW UT WOS:000329536400004 ER PT J AU Clay, PM Kitts, A da Silva, PP AF Clay, Patricia M. Kitts, Andrew da Silva, Patricia Pinto TI Measuring the social and economic performance of catch share programs: Definition of metrics and application to the US Northeast Region groundfish fishery SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Catch shares; US Northeast Region; Social/economic indicators; Groundfish; Fisheries management; Policy ID INDIVIDUAL TRANSFERABLE QUOTAS; PROPERTY-RIGHTS; COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; PRODUCTIVITY; HAPPINESS AB In May 2010 the New England Fishery Management Council introduced a catch share, program in the Northeast Multispecies (groundfish) Fishery. Amendment 16 of the Northeast Multispecies Fishery Management Plan allocated quota to 17 self organized groups of permit holders based on their collective catch history. These groups are commonly referred to as Sectors and are similar to harvest cooperatives. Sectors represented a significant shift from previous management approaches reliant on limits to days at sea and other input controls. Given the potential for significant social and economic effects of catch shares and other management programs, social and economic performance measures were developed from 2009 to 2010 by Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) social scientists. Previous social and economic monitoring of management outcomes had been ad hoc and provided minimal opportunity for inter-fishery comparison. This paper describes the process of identifying performance measures and associated indicators to serve as the foundation of monitoring social and economic outcomes for all federal,fisheries in the U.S. Northeast Region, and for planning NEFSC social and economic research priorities. It then presents how these performance measures were applied to assess the first year of the Amendment 16 Sector program. Challenges and limitations of this process are presented along with a description of efforts underway to broaden the use of these social and economic metrics to other fisheries. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Clay, Patricia M.; Kitts, Andrew; da Silva, Patricia Pinto] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Clay, PM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Patricia.M.Clay@noaa.gov NR 92 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X EI 1872-9460 J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 44 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.08.009 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 287IW UT WOS:000329536400005 ER PT J AU Bostelman, R Teizer, J Ray, SJ Agronin, M Albanese, D AF Bostelman, Roger Teizer, Jochen Ray, Soumitry J. Agronin, Mike Albanese, Dominic TI Methods for improving visibility measurement standards of powered industrial vehicles SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Blind spots; Equipment and vehicle operator visibility; Standards and regulations; Sensors and algorithms for measuring forklift visibility; Pedestrian safety AB Poor visibility of powered industrial vehicles, such as forklifts, used in industry is often the cause of accidents that include pedestrians. Current standards allow up to 20% non-visible regions for forklifts where measurement of these regions is performed by using lamps. A collaboration of research organizations, including National Institute of Standards and Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology (NIST), and Direct Dimensions, has been evaluating advanced methods for measuring a forklift operator's visibility. These methods can potentially improve visibility standards. They can also aid forklift and sensor manufacturers to (a) perform different facets blind spot analysis without requiring extensive and time consuming infrastructure set up (b) develop techniques to efficiently utilize visibility-assist sensors and (c) find the optimal location where worker-on-foot or obstacle avoidance proximity detection and avoidance sensors or alerts can be mounted on forklifts. This paper includes explanation of visibility measurement experiments performed and results, associated language suggested to standards organizations, and a prototype design for measuring the visibility of forklifts automatically. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bostelman, Roger] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Teizer, Jochen; Ray, Soumitry J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Agronin, Mike; Albanese, Dominic] Direct Dimens Inc, Owings Mills, MD USA. RP Teizer, J (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, 790 Atlantic Dr NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov; teizer@gatech.edu; soumitry@gatech.edu; magronin@dirdim.com; dalbanese@dirdim.com NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 EI 1879-1042 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 62 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.08.020 PG 14 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 287RC UT WOS:000329558900027 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Wang, MY Walsh, JE Stroeve, JC AF Overland, James E. Wang, Muyin Walsh, John E. Stroeve, Julienne C. TI Future Arctic climate changes: Adaptation and mitigation time scales SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE Arctic; Climate Change; Mitigation; Sea ice ID SEA-ICE; AMPLIFICATION; PROJECTIONS; MODELS AB The climate in the Arctic is changing faster than in midlatitudes. This is shown by increased temperatures, loss of summer sea ice, earlier snow melt, impacts on ecosystems, and increased economic access. Arctic sea ice volume has decreased by 75% since the 1980s. Long-lasting global anthropogenic forcing from carbon dioxide has increased over the previous decades and is anticipated to increase over the next decades. Temperature increases in response to greenhouse gases are amplified in the Arctic through feedback processes associated with shifts in albedo, ocean and land heat storage, and near-surface longwave radiation fluxes. Thus, for the next few decades out to 2040, continuing environmental changes in the Arctic are very likely, and the appropriate response is to plan for adaptation to these changes. For example, it is very likely that the Arctic Ocean will become seasonally nearly sea ice free before 2050 and possibly within a decade or two, which in turn will further increase Arctic temperatures, economic access, and ecological shifts. Mitigation becomes an important option to reduce potential Arctic impacts in the second half of the 21st century. Using the most recent set of climate model projections (CMIP5), multimodel mean temperature projections show an Arctic-wide end of century increase of +13 degrees C in late fall and +5 degrees C in late spring for a business-as-usual emission scenario (RCP8.5) in contrast to +7 degrees C in late fall and +3 degrees C in late spring if civilization follows a mitigation scenario (RCP4.5). Such temperature increases demonstrate the heightened sensitivity of the Arctic to greenhouse gas forcing. C1 [Overland, James E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wang, Muyin] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska, Int Arct Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Stroeve, Julienne C.] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov FU NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office; Office of Naval Research [322]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA10OAR4320148, 2156, 4052]; NSF [ARC-1023131] FX The work is supported by NOAA Arctic Research Project of the Climate Program Office and by the Office of Naval Research, Code 322. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA10OAR4320148, contribution 2156, PMEL contribution 4052. JW is supported by NSF grant ARC-1023131. NR 29 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 11 U2 34 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD FEB PY 2014 VL 2 IS 2 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1002/2013EF000162 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN0TC UT WOS:000358125500004 ER PT J AU de Gouw, JA Parrish, DD Frost, GJ Trainer, M AF de Gouw, J. A. Parrish, D. D. Frost, G. J. Trainer, M. TI Reduced emissions of CO2, NOx, and SO2 from US power plants owing to switch from coal to natural gas with combined cycle technology SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE electric power generation; coal power plants; natural gas power plants; CO2 emissions; NOx emissions; SO2 emissions ID UNITED-STATES; WINTER; OZONE; METHANE; PRICES; SECTOR; BASIN; OIL AB Since 1997, an increasing fraction of electric power has been generated from natural gas in the United States. Here we use data from continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS), which measure emissions at the stack of most U.S. electric power generation units, to investigate how this switch affected the emissions of CO2, NOx, and SO2. Per unit of energy produced, natural gas power plants equipped with combined cycle technology emit on an average 44% of the CO2 compared with coal power plants. As a result of the increased use of natural gas, CO2 emissions from U.S. fossil-fuel power plants were 23% lower in 2012 than they would have been if coal had continued to provide the same fraction of electric power as in 1997. In addition, natural gas power plants with combined cycle technology emit less NOx and far less SO2 per unit of energy produced than coal power plants. Therefore, the increased use of natural gas has led to emission reductions of NOx (40%) and SO2 (44%), in addition to those obtained from the implementation of emission control systems on coal power plants. These benefits to air quality and climate should be weighed against the increase in emissions of methane, volatile organic compounds, and other trace gases that are associated with the production, processing, storage, and transport of natural gas. C1 [de Gouw, J. A.; Parrish, D. D.; Frost, G. J.; Trainer, M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Frost, G. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP de Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Joost.deGouw@noaa.gov RI Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 22 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 12 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD FEB PY 2014 VL 2 IS 2 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1002/2013EF000196 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN0TC UT WOS:000358125500005 ER PT J AU Janssen, E Wuebbles, DJ Kunkel, KE Olsen, SC Goodman, A AF Janssen, Emily Wuebbles, Donald J. Kunkel, Kenneth E. Olsen, Seth C. Goodman, Alex TI Observational- and model-based trends and projections of extreme precipitation over the contiguous United States SO EARTHS FUTURE LA English DT Article DE Extreme Precipitation; CMIP5 ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTENSE PRECIPITATION; EVENTS; FREQUENCY AB Historical and projected trends in extreme precipitation events are examined in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models and observations, over the contiguous United States (CONUS), using several approaches. This study updates earlier studies that have used the extreme precipitation index (EPI) to assess observations and goes further by using the EPI to evaluate available climate model simulations. An increasing trend over the CONUS was found in the EPI, with large differences among seven subregions of the United States. Median of CMIP5 simulations also finds an increasing trend in the EPI, but with a smaller magnitude than the observations. Model spread is large and in most cases bigger than the model signal itself. Statistically significant (95th confidence level) increasing trends in the observational-based EPI occur over the Midwest and Eastern regions, while most decreasing trends occur over Western regions. Some models give negative correlation coefficients relative to observations. However, some ensemble members, for most models, show correlation coefficients greater than 0.5. Projections of extreme precipitation event frequency, for representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, show increasing trends over the CONUS. Both scenarios give a steady increase throughout the period but the RCP 4.5 signal is smaller in magnitude. Overall, the RCP scenarios show an increase across all regions with the exception of some variability between decades in some regions for RCP 4.5. For the CONUS model spread is smaller than the projected signal. Regional analyses show overall agreement among models of a future increase in extreme precipitation event frequency over most regions. C1 [Janssen, Emily; Wuebbles, Donald J.; Olsen, Seth C.; Goodman, Alex] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] N Carolina State Univ, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Natl Climat Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Janssen, E (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL USA. EM ejansse2@illinois.edu FU NASA [NASA NNX12AF32G] FX We acknowledge support in part from NASA project NASA NNX12AF32G on using CMIP5 results in Climate Analyses for the United States. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme's Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP the U.S. Department of Energy's Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. We acknowledge the modeling groups, the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI), and the WCRP's Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) for their roles in making available the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel data set. Support of this data set is provided by the Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy. Data can be found at: http://www-pcmdi.llnl.gov/. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2328-4277 J9 EARTHS FUTURE JI Earth Future PD FEB PY 2014 VL 2 IS 2 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.1002/2013EF000185 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CN0TC UT WOS:000358125500007 ER PT J AU De Castro, LF Bodhak, S Kuznetsov, S Kilts, T Young, M Lin-Gibson, S Simon, C Robey, P AF Fernandez De Castro, Luis Bodhak, Subdhadip Kuznetsov, Sergei Kilts, Tina Young, Marian Lin-Gibson, Sheng Simon, Carl Robey, Pamela TI Combinatorial cassettes, a high-throughout approach for the assessment of bone formation in vivo. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 12-15, 2014 CL Houston, TX SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 [Fernandez De Castro, Luis] NIDCR NIH, Seville, Spain. [Bodhak, Subdhadip; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Simon, Carl] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Kuznetsov, Sergei; Kilts, Tina; Young, Marian] NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Robey, Pamela] Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0884-0431 EI 1523-4681 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 29 SU 1 MA SA0038 BP S136 EP S136 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA CK9ZS UT WOS:000356598701100 ER PT J AU Hays, GC Christensen, A Fossette, S Schofield, G Talbot, J Mariani, P AF Hays, Graeme C. Christensen, Asbjorn Fossette, Sabrina Schofield, Gail Talbot, Julian Mariani, Patrizio TI Route optimisation and solving Zermelo's navigation problem during long distance migration in cross flows SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Evolution; migration; navigation; optimal route finding; telemetry ID OCEAN FORECASTING SYSTEM; SEA-TURTLES; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; MARINE TURTLES; WIND DRIFT; ISLAND; COMPENSATION; ORIENTATION; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS AB The optimum path to follow when subjected to cross flows was first considered over 80years ago by the German mathematician Ernst Zermelo, in the context of a boat being displaced by ocean currents, and has become known as the Zermelo navigation problem'. However, the ability of migrating animals to solve this problem has received limited consideration, even though wind and ocean currents cause the lateral displacement of flyers and swimmers, respectively, particularly during long-distance journeys of 1000s of kilometres. Here, we examine this problem by combining long-distance, open-ocean marine turtle movements (obtained via long-term GPS tracking of sea turtles moving 1000s of km), with a high resolution basin-wide physical ocean model to estimate ocean currents. We provide a robust mathematical framework to demonstrate that, while turtles eventually arrive at their target site, they do not follow the optimum (Zermelo's) route. Even though adult marine turtles regularly complete incredible long-distance migrations, these vertebrates primarily rely on course corrections when entering neritic waters during the final stages of migration. Our work introduces a new perspective in the analysis of wildlife tracking datasets, with different animal groups potentially exhibiting different levels of complexity in goal attainment during migration. C1 [Hays, Graeme C.; Schofield, Gail] Deakin Univ, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. [Hays, Graeme C.; Fossette, Sabrina; Schofield, Gail] Swansea Univ, Dept Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Christensen, Asbjorn; Mariani, Patrizio] Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Ocean Life, Natl Inst Aquat Resources, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark. [Fossette, Sabrina] NOAA, Div Environm Res, SWFSC, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Talbot, Julian] UPMC, CNRS UMR 7600, Lab Phys Theor Mat Condensee, F-75252 Paris, France. RP Hays, GC (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. EM g.hays@deakin.edu.au RI Talbot, Julian/E-8056-2012; OI Talbot, Julian/0000-0003-1993-7883; Schofield, Gail/0000-0002-8438-4181 NR 31 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1461-023X EI 1461-0248 J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 17 IS 2 BP 137 EP 143 DI 10.1111/ele.12219 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281ZM UT WOS:000329139800002 PM 24304813 ER PT J AU Kratter, KM Shannon, A AF Kratter, Kaitlin M. Shannon, Andrew TI Planet packing in circumbinary systems SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; planet-star interactions; binaries: general; planetary systems; stars: individual: Kepler 47 ID RESONANCE OVERLAP; BINARY-SYSTEMS; ASTEROID BELT; STABILITY; ACCRETION; KEPLER-16; DYNAMICS; ORIGIN; CENSUS; STARS AB The recent discovery of planets orbiting main-sequence binaries will provide crucial constraints for theories of binary and planet formation. The formation pathway for these planets is complicated by uncertainties in the formation mechanism of the host stars. In this paper, we compare the dynamical states of single- and binary-star planetary systems. Specifically, we pose two questions: (1) What does it mean for a circumbinary system to be dynamically packed? (2) How many systems are required to differentiate between a population of packed or sparse planets? We determine when circumbinary systems become dynamically unstable as a function of the separation between the host-stars and the inner planet, and the first and second planets. We show that these represent unique stability constraints compared to single-star systems. We find that although the existing Kepler data is insufficient to distinguish between a population of packed or sparse circumbinary systems, a more thorough study of circumbinary Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) combined with an order of magnitude increase in the number of systems may prove conclusive. Future space missions such as TESS provide the best opportunity for increasing the sample size. C1 [Kratter, Kaitlin M.] CU Boulder, JILA NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shannon, Andrew] Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England. RP Kratter, KM (reprint author), CU Boulder, JILA NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kaitlin.kratter@gmail.com FU NASA [HF-51306.01, NAS 5-26555]; Space Telescope Science Institute; European Union through ERC [279973] FX We thank P. Armitage and W. Welsh for valuable discussions, and the referee for a careful review that substantially improved this paper. Support for this work was provided by NASA through Hubble Fellowship grant no. HF-51306.01 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contract NAS 5-26555. AS is supported by the European Union through ERC grant number 279973. NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 437 IS 4 BP 3727 EP 3735 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2179 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282MX UT WOS:000329177100056 ER PT J AU Nixon, C Salvesen, G AF Nixon, Chris Salvesen, Greg TI A physical model for state transitions in black hole X-ray binaries SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion discs; black hole physics; hydrodynamics; X-rays: binaries ID QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS; WARPED ACCRETION DISCS; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; LENS-THIRRING PRECESSION; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION; MISALIGNED ACCRETION; GX 339-4; DISKS; JETS AB We present an accretion cycle which can explain state transitions and other observed phenomena in black hole X-ray binaries. This model is based on the process of disc tearing, where individual rings of gas break off the disc and precess effectively independently. This occurs when the Lense-Thirring effect is stronger than the local disc viscosity. We discuss implications of this model for quasi-periodic oscillations and the disc-jet-corona coupling. We also speculate on applying this model to active galactic nuclei and other accreting systems. C1 [Nixon, Chris; Salvesen, Greg] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nixon, Chris; Salvesen, Greg] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Salvesen, Greg] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nixon, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM chris.nixon@jila.colorado.edu OI Nixon, Christopher/0000-0002-2137-4146 FU NASA [PF2-130098]; National Science Foundation FX We thank Andrew King, Jon Miller & Jim Pringle for valuable discussions. We also thank Phil Armitage and Mitch Begelman for thoughtful comments on the manuscript. We thank the referee for a thorough examination of our paper, which stimulated us to make it (we believe) considerably clearer. CN thanks NASA for support through the Einstein Fellowship Programme, grant PF2-130098. GS thanks the National Science Foundation for support through the Graduate Research Fellowship Programme. Some of the figures used SPLASH (Price 2007) for the visualization. NR 88 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 437 IS 4 BP 3994 EP 3999 DI 10.1093/mnras/stt2215 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 282MX UT WOS:000329177100076 ER PT J AU Fang, L Yu, YY Xu, H Sun, DL AF Fang, Li Yu, Yunyue Xu, Hui Sun, Donglian TI New Retrieval Algorithm for Deriving Land Surface Temperature from Geostationary Orbiting Satellite Observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES); land surface emissivity (LSE); land surface temperature (LST); matrix inversion approach ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; RADIATION BUDGET NETWORK; SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHM; 2-TEMPERATURE METHOD; MEASURING EMISSIVITY; UNITED-STATES; AVHRR DATA; VALIDATION; IMAGERY; SURFRAD AB Accurate derivations of land surface temperature (LST) and land surface emissivity (LSE) from satellite measurements are difficult because the two variables are closely coupled. Features of significant/insignificant temporal variations in LST/LSE are recognized to de-couple both values using multiple-temporal satellite observations over the same geolocation. In this paper, a new approach is presented for deriving LST and LSE simultaneously by using multiple-temporal satellite observations. Two split-window regression formulas are carefully selected for the approach, and two satellite observations over the same geolocation within a certain time interval are utilized. The method is particularly applicable to geostationary satellite missions from which qualified multiple-temporal observations are available. The approach is designed and implemented for generating the LST and LSE values from the U. S. geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) eight imager data and the european meteosat second generation (MSG) mission spinning enhanced visible and infrared imager (SEVIRI) data. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated in terms of both accuracy and sensitivity. The retrieval results are compared against ground-truth observations from the U. S. Atmospheric radiation measurement facility and six surface radiation budget network (SURFRAD) stations. The validation results show the LST retrieval accuracy is around 1.95 K with good correlations of up to 0.9038. The method is applicable to the future U. S. GOES-R mission as well as the MSG mission considering that the advanced baseline imager (ABI) onboard the GOES-R satellites and the SEVIRI onboard the MSG satellite have similar split-window bands. C1 [Fang, Li; Sun, Donglian] George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Yu, Yunyue] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Xu, Hui] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Fang, L (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog & Geoinformat Sci, Coll Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM lfang1@gmu.edu; yunyue.yu@noaa.gov; hui.xu@noaa.gov; dsun@gmu.edu RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010 OI Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R Satellite Algorithm/Application Working Group FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) GOES-R Satellite Algorithm/Application Working Group. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of the NOAA or the U. S. Government agencies. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 819 EP 828 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2244213 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DT UT WOS:000328941300003 ER PT J AU Tian, YD Peters-Lidard, CD Harrison, KW Prigent, C Norouzi, H Aires, F Boukabara, SA Furuzawa, FA Masunaga, H AF Tian, Yudong Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Harrison, Kenneth W. Prigent, Catherine Norouzi, Hamidreza Aires, Filipe Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed Furuzawa, Fumie A. Masunaga, Hirohiko TI Quantifying Uncertainties in Land-Surface Microwave Emissivity Retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Brightness temperature; land-surface emissivity; measurement uncertainty; microwave radiometry; random errors; remote sensing; systematic errors ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; SSM/I OBSERVATIONS; PASSIVE MICROWAVE; CALIBRATION; DESERTS; MODEL; GLOBE; GHZ AB Uncertainties in the retrievals of microwave land-surface emissivities are quantified over two types of land surfaces: desert and tropical rainforest. Retrievals from satellite-based microwave imagers, including the Special Sensor Microwave Imager, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager, and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System, are studied. Our results show that there are considerable differences between the retrievals from different sensors and from different groups over these two land-surface types. In addition, the mean emissivity values show different spectral behavior across the frequencies. With the true emissivity assumed largely constant over both of the two sites throughout the study period, the differences are largely attributed to the systematic and random errors in the retrievals. Generally, these retrievals tend to agree better at lower frequencies than at higher ones, with systematic differences ranging 1%-4% (3-12 K) over desert and 1%-7% (3-20 K) over rainforest. The random errors within each retrieval dataset are in the range of 0.5%-2% (2-6 K). In particular, at 85.5/89.0 GHz, there are very large differences between the different retrieval datasets, and within each retrieval dataset itself. Further investigation reveals that these differences are most likely caused by rain/cloud contamination, which can lead to random errors up to 10-17 K under the most severe conditions. C1 [Tian, Yudong; Harrison, Kenneth W.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Prigent, Catherine] CNRS, Observ Paris, Lab Etud Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, F-75007 Paris, France. [Norouzi, Hamidreza] CUNY, New York City Coll Technol, New York, NY 11201 USA. [Aires, Filipe] Estellus, New York, NY 10022 USA. [Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Furuzawa, Fumie A.; Masunaga, Hirohiko] Nagoya Univ, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. RP Tian, YD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM yudong.tian@nasa.gov; christa.peters@nasa.gov; Kenneth.W.Harrison@nasa.gov; catherine.prigent@obspm.fr; hnorouzi@citytech.cuny.edu; filipe.aires@estellus-usa.com; sid.boukabara@noaa.gov; akimoto@hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp; masunaga@hyarc.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/F-5577-2010; Masunaga, Hirohiko/C-2488-2008; Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015; PMM, JAXA/K-8537-2016; OI Boukabara, Sid Ahmed/0000-0002-1857-3806; Masunaga, Hirohiko/0000-0002-6336-5002; Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876; Norouzi, Hamid/0000-0003-0405-5108 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration Precipitation Science Program under Solicitation [NNH09ZDA001N] FX This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Precipitation Science Program under Solicitation NNH09ZDA001N. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 829 EP 840 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2244214 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DT UT WOS:000328941300004 ER PT J AU Cao, CY De Luccia, FJ Xiong, XX Wolfe, R Weng, FZ AF Cao, Changyong De Luccia, Frank J. Xiong, Xiaoxiong Wolfe, Robert Weng, Fuzhong TI Early On-Orbit Performance of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) Satellite SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Earth observing satellite; imaging radiometer; postlaunch calibration/validation; remote sensing; Suomi-NPP; VIIRS ID VIIRS; MODIS; CALIBRATION AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) is one of the key environmental remote-sensing instruments onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership spacecraft, which was successfully launched on October 28, 2011 from the Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Following a series of spacecraft and sensor activation operations, the VIIRS nadir door was opened on November 21, 2011. The first VIIRS image acquired signifies a new generation of operational moderate resolution-imaging capabilities following the legacy of the advanced very high-resolution radiometer series on NOAA satellites and Terra and Aqua Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer for NASA's Earth Observing system. VIIRS provides significant enhancements to the operational environmental monitoring and numerical weather forecasting, with 22 imaging and radiometric bands covering wavelengths from 0.41 to 12.5 microns, providing the sensor data records for 23 environmental data records including aerosol, cloud properties, fire, albedo, snow and ice, vegetation, sea surface temperature, ocean color, and nigh-time visible-light-related applications. Preliminary results from the on-orbit verification in the postlaunch check-out and intensive calibration and validation have shown that VIIRS is performing well and producing high-quality images. This paper provides an overview of the on-orbit performance of VIIRS, the calibration/validation (cal/val) activities and methodologies used. It presents an assessment of the sensor initial on-orbit calibration and performance based on the efforts from the VIIRS-SDR team. Known anomalies, issues, and future calibration efforts, including the long-term monitoring, and intercalibration are also discussed. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [De Luccia, Frank J.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA 90009 USA. [Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Wolfe, Robert] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci & Explorat Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov; frank.j.deluccia@aero.org; xiaoxiong.xiong-1@nasa.gov; robert.e.wolfe@nasa.gov; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wolfe, Robert/E-1485-2012; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Wolfe, Robert/0000-0002-0915-1855; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU JPSS Program Office FX This work was supported in part by the JPSS Program Office. NR 41 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 7 U2 49 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1142 EP 1156 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2247768 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DT UT WOS:000328941300030 ER PT J AU Zou, XL Lin, L Weng, FZ AF Zou, Xiaolei Lin, Lin Weng, Fuzhong TI Absolute Calibration of ATMS Upper Level Temperature Sounding Channels Using GPS RO Observations SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS); Calibration; Satellite Applications; Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) ID RADIO OCCULTATION; SURFACE PRESSURE; MSU; CLIMATE; CONSTRUCTION; VALIDATION; PROFILES; UNIT AB The absolute accuracy of antenna brightness temperatures (TDR) from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership satellite is estimated using the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate radio occultation (RO) data as input to the U.S. Joint Center of Satellite Data Assimilation community radiative transfer model (RTF). It is found that the mean differences (e.g., biases) of observed TDR observations to GPS RO simulations are positive for channels 6, 10-13 with values smaller than 0.5 K and negative for channels 5, 7-9 with values greater than -0.7 K. The bias distribution is slightly asymmetric across the scan line. A line-by-line RTF is used to further understand the sources of errors in forward calculations. It is found that, for some channels, the bias can be further reduced in a magnitude of 0.3 K if the accurate line-by-line simulations are used. With the high quality of GPS RO observations and the accurate RTF, ATMS upper level temperature sounding channels are calibrated with known absolute accuracy. After the bias removal in ATMS TDR data, it is shown that the distribution of residual errors for ATMS channels 5-13 is close to a normal Gaussian one. Thus, for these channels, the ATMS antenna brightness temperature can be absolutely calibrated to the sensor brightness temperature without a systematic bias. C1 [Zou, Xiaolei] Nanjing Univ Informat & Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Zou, Xiaolei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Lin, Lin] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Lin, Lin] Earth Resources Technol Inc, Laurel, MD 20707 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Zou, XL (reprint author), Nanjing Univ Informat & Sci & Technol, Ctr Data Assimilat Res & Applicat, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM xzou@fsu.edu; lin.lin@noaa.gov; fuzhong.weng@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminmistration Joint Polar Satellite System Program; Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [2010CB951600] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminmistration Joint Polar Satellite System Program. The work of X. Zou was supported by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology under Project 2010CB951600. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD FEB PY 2014 VL 52 IS 2 BP 1397 EP 1406 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2250981 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279DT UT WOS:000328941300050 ER PT J AU Amaro, RL Rustagi, N Findley, KO Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ AF Amaro, Robert L. Rustagi, Neha Findley, Kip O. Drexler, Elizabeth S. Slifka, Andrew J. TI Modeling the fatigue crack growth of X100 pipeline steel in gaseous hydrogen SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FATIGUE LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen assisted fatigue crack growth; Fatigue crack growth modeling; Pipeline steel ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SUPERALLOYS; THERMOMECHANICAL FATIGUE; LIFE PREDICTION; HARDENING MATERIAL; ASSISTED CRACKING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; STRENGTH STEELS; EMBRITTLEMENT; OXIDATION; TEMPERATURE AB This work proposes a phenomenological fatigue crack propagation (FCP) model for API-5L X100 pipeline steel exposed to high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. The semi-empirical model is predicated upon the hypothesis that one of two mechanisms dominate the fatigue crack growth (FCG) response depending upon the crack extension per cycle (da/dN) and the material hydrogen concentration. For da/dN between approximately 1 x 10(-5) mm/cycle and 3 x 10(-4) mm/cycle, fatigue crack growth in hydrogen is markedly increased over that in laboratory air, resulting in a Paris exponent over two and a half times that of air and producing a predominately intergranular crack propagation surface. Fatigue crack growth in hydrogen at da/dN above approximately 3 x 10-4 mm/cycle result in FCP rates over an order of magnitude higher than that of lab air. The Paris exponent in this regime approaches that of lab air and the crack morphology is predominately transgranular. Increasing the hydrogen test pressure from 1.7 MPa to 20.7 MPa increases the FCG rate by as much as two, depending upon the stress intensity factor. It is proposed that the FCG response in hydrogen at daldN <3 x 10(-4) mm/cycle is primarily affected by the hydrogen concentration within the fatigue process zone, resulting in a hydrogen-dominated mechanism, and that the FCG response in hydrogen at daldN >3 x 10(-4) mm/cycle results from fatigue-dominated mechanisms. The proposed model predicts fatigue crack propagation as a function of applied Delta K and hydrogen pressure. Results of fatigue crack growth tests in gaseous hydrogen as well as fracture morphology are presented in support of the proposed model. The model correlates well with test results and elucidates how the proposed mechanisms contribute to fatigue crack propagation in pipeline steel in environments similar to those found in service. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Amaro, Robert L.; Rustagi, Neha; Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Slifka, Andrew J.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Findley, Kip O.] Colorado Sch Mines, George S Ansell Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM slifka@boulder.nist.gov RI Findley, Kip/H-8845-2013 OI Findley, Kip/0000-0001-7068-9446 FU U.S. Department of Transportation [DTPH56-06-X-0029] FX Partial funding for the HA FCG work was provided by the U.S. Department of Transportation on DTPH56-06-X-0029. This research was conducted while Robert Amaro was employed as a National Research Council post-doctoral candidate. The authors would like to thank Ann N. Chiaramonti at NIST for providing microscopy expertise. Finally, the authors would like to thank the International Journal of Fatigue reviewers for their time and effort. NR 76 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-1123 EI 1879-3452 J9 INT J FATIGUE JI Int. J. Fatigue PD FEB PY 2014 VL 59 BP 262 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.08.010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 277HK UT WOS:000328809400028 ER PT J AU Creuziger, A Syed, K Gnaupel-Herold, T AF Creuziger, A. Syed, K. Gnaeupel-Herold, T. TI Measurement of uncertainty in orientation distribution function calculations SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE Neutron diffraction; Texture; Monte Carlo simulation; Ferritic steels ID POLE FIGURES; TEXTURE ANALYSIS; ERRORS AB A technique to quantify the uncertainty in an estimated orientation distribution function (ODF) by propagating the uncertainty from measured pole figures is demonstrated in this paper using Monte Carlo techniques and the Matlab toolbox for quantitative texture analysis. Unlike the uncertainty in the measured pole figures, where small values of intensity correlate to high uncertainty, uncertainty as a function of orientation in an ODF is not directly related to intensity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Creuziger, A.; Gnaeupel-Herold, T.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Syed, K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Creuziger, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adam.creuziger@nist.gov FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program at NIST; National Science Foundation; NIST-ARRA Undergraduate Fellowship Program FX The authors acknowledge following people and institutions for their assistance: Dr. Ralf Hielscher at the Chemnitz University of Technology for developing, maintaining and assistance using MTEX; Dr. Antonio Possolo of the Statistical Engineering Division at NIST for introducing the authors to the Monte Carlo technique; the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) for providing the neutron research facilities used in this work; Dr. William Luecke and Dr. Adam Pintar for their helpful comments; and personnel in the NIST Center for Automotive Lightweighting for helpful discussions. K.S. was supported in part by the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program at NIST, together with the National Science Foundation and the NIST-ARRA Undergraduate Fellowship Program. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 72-73 BP 55 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.10.017 PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 282CS UT WOS:000329148500015 ER PT J AU Li, MD Mulholland, GW Zachariah, MR AF Li, Mingdong Mulholland, George W. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Rotational Diffusion Coefficient (or Rotational Mobility) of a Nanorod in the Free-Molecular Regime SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; TRANSPORT AB The corrected rotational diffusion coefficient for a rod in the free molecular regime is given in this work and a simplified derivation using the differential drag forces for a rotating rod in the free molecular regime is presented to explain the difference between our result and the one from Kim's approach. Finally, we compare the rotational diffusion coefficient between a rod and an ellipsoid with the same aspect ratio and the same volume. C1 [Li, Mingdong; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Mingdong; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Mingdong; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mulholland, GW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, 2181 Glenn L Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM georgewm@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014 OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156 NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 2 BP 139 EP 141 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.864752 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 278GQ UT WOS:000328877600003 ER PT J AU Sarigecili, MI Roy, U Rachuri, S AF Sarigecili, Mehmet I. Roy, Utpal Rachuri, Sudarsan TI Interpreting the semantics of GD&T specifications of a product for tolerance analysis SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Article DE Product modeling; STEP; EXPRESS; OWL; Semantic; GD&T; Tolerance analysis ID DESIGN; INTEGRATION; INFORMATION; ONTOLOGY; FUTURE; MODEL AB The representation and management of product information in its life cycle require standardized data exchange protocols. ISO 10303, informally known as the Standard for Exchange of Product model data (STEP), is such a standard that has been used widely by the industries. The information language used for STEP is EXPRESS. Even though the EXPRESS language is capable of developing well defined and syntactically correct product models, the semantics of product data are represented implicitly. Hence, it is difficult to interpret the semantics of data for different product life cycle phases for different application domains. OntoSTEP, developed at NIST, provides semantically enriched product models in OWL In this paper, we would like to present how to interpret the Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) specifications in STEP for tolerance analysis by utilizing OntoSTEP. This process requires (1) developing the tolerance-analysis-oriented information model in EXPRESS, (2) combining this model with the ISO 10303 product model, (3) translating the combined model into OWL and (4) defining semantic web rule language to map the GD&T specifications to the specifications needed for the tolerance analysis. This study will help users interpret the GD&T specifications of a product differently as required in different phases of the product's life cycle. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sarigecili, Mehmet I.; Roy, Utpal] Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Rachuri, Sudarsan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sarigecili, MI (reprint author), Syracuse Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 263 Link Hall, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. EM misarige@syr.edu; uroy@syr.edu; rachuri.sudarsan@nist.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 EI 1879-2685 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 47 BP 72 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.cad.2013.09.002 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 276CF UT WOS:000328725000007 ER PT J AU Shapiro, V Srinivasan, V AF Shapiro, Vadim Srinivasan, Vijay TI Report from a 2013 ASME panel on geometric interoperability for advanced manufacturing SO COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Shapiro, Vadim] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Srinivasan, Vijay] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Shapiro, V (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM vadim.shapiro@gmail.com; vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-4485 EI 1879-2685 J9 COMPUT AIDED DESIGN JI Comput.-Aided Des. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 47 BP A1 EP A2 DI 10.1016/j.cad.2013.10.003 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 276CF UT WOS:000328725000001 ER PT J AU Vincenzi, S De Leo, GA Munari, C Mistri, M AF Vincenzi, Simone De Leo, Giulio A. Munari, Cristina Mistri, Michele TI Rapid estimation of potential yield for data-poor Tapes philippinarum fisheries in North Adriatic coastal lagoons SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Data-poor system; Aquaculture; Two-part model; Clam farming; Species distribution model ID SACCA-DI-GORO; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS; OF-VENICE; SITE SELECTION; GIS; CONSERVATION; AQUACULTURE; PREDICTION; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB We show how a simple species distribution model can be used for the rapid estimation of potential yield and for the identification of suitable sites for farming of Tapes philippinarum in two North Adriatic lagoons (Caleri and Marinetta-Vallona, Italy) in the face of limited data. We used a two-part species distribution model with sediment type, hydrodynamism, dissolved oxygen, and salinity as predictors of T. philippinarum potential yield. The first model component uses logistic regression to identify the areas in which clams occur, while the second component uses a weighted geometric mean of suitability values to estimate the potential annual yield (kg m(-2) year(-1)) for the sites where T. philippinarum is predicted to be present. We used site-specific yield data from Caleri and Marinetta-Vallona to estimate the weights of the geometric mean by constrained linear regression. We validated the two-part model on an independent set of yield data (R (adj) (2) = 0.82), and we then estimated the spatial distribution of potential yield in the two lagoons. The calibration and application of a simple species distribution model are useful tools for objectively identifying the most suitable sites for farming of T. philippinarum in North Adriatic lagoons. C1 [Vincenzi, Simone] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Vincenzi, Simone] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [De Leo, Giulio A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Munari, Cristina; Mistri, Michele] Univ Ferrara, Dept Life Sci & Biotechnol, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy. RP Vincenzi, S (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM simon.vincenz@gmail.com OI De Leo, Giulio/0000-0002-4186-3369 FU IOF Marie Curie Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF FX Simone Vincenzi is supported by an IOF Marie Curie Fellowship FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IOF for the project "RAPIDEVO'' on rapid evolutionary responses to climate change in natural populations. NR 39 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD FEB PY 2014 VL 724 IS 1 BP 267 EP 277 DI 10.1007/s10750-013-1742-z PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 268YK UT WOS:000328206600018 ER PT J AU Steenburgh, RA Biesecker, DA Millward, GH AF Steenburgh, R. A. Biesecker, D. A. Millward, G. H. TI From Predicting Solar Activity to Forecasting Space Weather: Practical Examples of Research-to-Operations and Operations-to-Research SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Coronal mass ejections; Magnetohydrodynamics ID GEOMETRIC LOCALIZATION; MODEL; TIME; CMES; PROPAGATION; BEACON AB The successful transition of research to operations (R2O) and operations to research (O2R) requires, above all, interaction between the two communities. We explore the role that close interaction and ongoing communication played in the successful fielding of three separate developments: an observation platform, a numerical model, and a visualization and specification tool. Additionally, we will examine how these three pieces came together to revolutionize interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) arrival forecasts. A discussion of the importance of education and training in ensuring a positive outcome from R2O activity follows. We describe efforts by the meteorological community to make research results more accessible to forecasters and the applicability of these efforts to the transfer of space-weather research. We end with a forecaster "wish list" for R2O transitions. Ongoing, two-way communication between the research and operations communities is the thread connecting it all. C1 [Steenburgh, R. A.; Biesecker, D. A.; Millward, G. H.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Millward, G. H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Steenburgh, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.steenburgh@noaa.gov; doug.biesecker@noaa.gov; george.millward@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 EI 1573-093X J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD FEB PY 2014 VL 289 IS 2 BP 675 EP 690 DI 10.1007/s11207-013-0308-6 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 264JK UT WOS:000327872800017 ER PT J AU Croft, JFE Bohn, JL AF Croft, James F. E. Bohn, John L. TI Long-lived complexes and chaos in ultracold molecular collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR CROSS SECTIONS; STATISTICAL THEORY; ENERGY LEVELS; CHARACTERISTIC VECTORS; REACTIVE COLLISIONS; INFINITE DIMENSIONS; BORDERED MATRICES; SCATTERING; FLUCTUATIONS; SYSTEMS AB Estimates for the lifetime of collision complexes formed during ultracold molecular collisions based on density-of-states arguments are shown to be consistent with similar estimates based on classical trajectory calculations. In the classical version, these collisions are shown to exhibit chaos and their fractal dimension is calculated versus collision energy. From these results, a picture emerges that ultracold collisions are likely classically ergodic, justifying the density-of-states estimates for lifetimes. These results point the way toward using the techniques of classical and quantum chaos to interpret molecular collisions in the ultracold regime. C1 [Croft, James F. E.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Croft, JFE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI CROFT, JAMES/0000-0003-3264-5869 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-1-0588] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative, Grant No. FA9550-1-0588. We acknowledge useful discussions with Michael Mayle. NR 59 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012714 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.012714 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AG2DH UT WOS:000335225700006 ER PT J AU Welland, MJ Wolf, D Guyer, JE AF Welland, Michael J. Wolf, Dieter Guyer, Jonathan E. TI Multicomponent phase-field model for extremely large partition coefficients SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID BINARY-ALLOYS; ISOTHERMAL SOLIDIFICATION; RAPID SOLIDIFICATION; TRANSITIONS AB We develop a multicomponent phase-field model specially formulated to robustly simulate concentration variations from molar to atomic magnitudes across an interface, i. e., partition coefficients in excess of 10(+/- 23) such as may be the case with species which are predominant in one phase and insoluble in the other. Substitutional interdiffusion on a normal lattice and concurrent interstitial diffusion are included. The composition in the interface follows the approach of Kim, Kim, and Suzuki [Phys. Rev. E 60, 7186 (1999)] and is compared to that of Wheeler, Boettinger, and McFadden [Phys. Rev. A 45, 7424 (1992)] in the context of large partitioning. The model successfully reproduces analytical solutions for binary diffusion couples and solute trapping for the demonstrated cases of extremely large partitioning. C1 [Welland, Michael J.; Wolf, Dieter] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Guyer, Jonathan E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Welland, MJ (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM mwelland@anl.gov RI Guyer, Jonathan/M-5165-2016; OI Guyer, Jonathan/0000-0002-1407-6589; Welland, Michael/0000-0002-7683-6213 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (DOE-BES) Computational Materials and Chemical Sciences Network (CMCSN) project on Computational Microstructure Science; UChicago Argonne, LLC [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX M.J.W. wishes to acknowledge Dr. Shiyuan Gu for several helpful discussions of a mathematical nature. M. J. W. and J. E. G. were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division (DOE-BES) Computational Materials and Chemical Sciences Network (CMCSN) project on Computational Microstructure Science. D. W. and M. J. W. were supported by UChicago Argonne, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.012409 PG 14 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AC0FJ UT WOS:000332169900006 PM 24580239 ER PT J AU Kehimkar, B Hoggard, JC Marney, LC Billingsley, MC Fraga, CG Bruno, TJ Synovec, RE AF Kehimkar, Benjamin Hoggard, Jamin C. Marney, Luke C. Billingsley, Matthew C. Fraga, Carlos G. Bruno, Thomas J. Synovec, Robert E. TI Correlation of rocket propulsion fuel properties with chemical composition using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry followed by partial least squares regression analysis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE GC x GC-TOFMS; PLS; Chemometrics; Gas chromatography; RP-1; Kerosene ID GC X GC; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS; FEATURE-SELECTION; TOFMS DATA; JET FUELS; ALIGNMENT; SEPARATIONS; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION AB There is an increased need to more fully assess and control the composition of kerosene-based rocket propulsion fuels such as RP-1. In particular, it is critical to make better quantitative connections among the following three attributes: fuel performance (thermal stability, sooting propensity, engine specific impulse, etc.), fuel properties (such as flash point, density, kinematic viscosity, net heat of combustion, and hydrogen content), and the chemical composition of a given fuel, i.e., amounts of specific chemical compounds and compound classes present in a fuel as a result of feedstock blending and/or processing. Recent efforts in predicting fuel chemical and physical behavior through modeling put greater emphasis on attaining detailed and accurate fuel properties and fuel composition information. Often, one-dimensional gas chromatography (GC) combined with mass spectrometry (MS) is employed to provide chemical composition information. Building on approaches that used GC-MS, but to glean substantially more chemical information from these complex fuels, we recently studied the use of comprehensive two dimensional (2D) gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC x GC-TOFMS) using a "reversed column" format: RTX-wax column for the first dimension, and a RTX-1 column for the second dimension. In this report, by applying chemometric data analysis, specifically partial least-squares (PLS) regression analysis, we are able to readily model (and correlate) the chemical compositional information provided by use of GC x GC-TOFMS to RP-1 fuel property information such as density, kinematic viscosity, net heat of combustion, and so on. Furthermore, we readily identified compounds that contribute significantly to measured differences in fuel properties based on results from the PLS models. We anticipate this new chemical analysis strategy will have broad implications for the development of high fidelity composition-property models, leading to an improved approach to fuel formulation and specification for advanced engine cycles. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kehimkar, Benjamin; Hoggard, Jamin C.; Marney, Luke C.; Synovec, Robert E.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Billingsley, Matthew C.] RQRC, Air Force Res Lab, Edwards AFB, CA 93524 USA. [Fraga, Carlos G.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Synovec, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM synovec@chem.washington.edu NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 38 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 1327 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.12.060 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AA2FP UT WOS:000330910800015 PM 24411093 ER PT J AU Bi, HS Ji, RB Liu, H Jo, YH Hare, JA AF Bi, Hongsheng Ji, Rubao Liu, Hui Jo, Young-Heon Hare, Jonathan A. TI Decadal Changes in Zooplankton of the Northeast US Continental Shelf SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS POPULATIONS; GULF-STREAM; INTERANNUAL VARIATIONS; COPEPOD POPULATIONS; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-HISTORY; GEORGES-BANK AB The abundance of the subarctic copepod, Calanus finmarchicus, and temperate, shelf copepod, Centropages typicus, was estimated from samples collected bi-monthly over the Northeast U. S. continental shelf (NEUS) from 1977-2010. Latitudinal variation in long term trends and seasonal patterns for the two copepod species were examined for four sub-regions: the Gulf of Maine (GOM), Georges Bank (GB), Southern New England (SNE), and Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB). Results suggested that there was significant difference in long term variation between northern region (GOM and GB), and the MAB for both species. C. finmarchicus generally peaked in May - June throughout the entire study region and Cen. typicus had a more complex seasonal pattern. Time series analysis revealed that the peak time for Cen. typicus switched from November December to January - March after 1985 in the MAB. The long term abundance of C. finmarchicus showed more fluctuation in the MAB than the GOM and GB, whereas the long term abundance of Cen. typicus was more variable in the GB than other sub-regions. Alongshore transport was significantly correlated with the abundance of C. finmarchicus, i.e., more water from north, higher abundance for C. finmarchicus. The abundance of Cen. typicus showed positive relationship with the Gulf Stream north wall index (GSNWI) in the GOM and GB, but the GSNWI only explained 12-15% of variation in Cen. typicus abundance. In general, the alongshore current was negatively correlated with the GSNWI, suggesting that Cen. typicus is more abundant when advection from the north is less. However, the relationship between Cen. typicus and alongshore transport was not significant. The present study highlights the importance of spatial scales in the study of marine populations: observed long term changes in the northern region were different from the south for both species. C1 [Bi, Hongsheng] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Ji, Rubao] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Liu, Hui] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. [Jo, Young-Heon] Pusan Natl Univ, Dept Oceanog, Pusan, South Korea. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Bi, HS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. EM hbi@cbl.umces.edu RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015 OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427 FU Cnes FX This synthesis research utilized data collected by the NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center as part of an ongoing mission to monitor and assess the Northeast Continental Shelf ecosystem. RJ worked on this paper as a CINAR (Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region) Fellow. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso with support from Cnes. NR 51 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 28 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e87720 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0087720 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 302RF UT WOS:000330621900160 PM 24498177 ER PT J AU Nisbet, EG Dlugokencky, EJ Bousquet, P AF Nisbet, Euan G. Dlugokencky, Edward J. Bousquet, Philippe TI Methane on the Rise-Again SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; EMISSIONS C1 [Nisbet, Euan G.] Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bousquet, Philippe] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Nisbet, EG (reprint author), Univ London, Dept Earth Sci, Egham TW20 0EX, Surrey, England. EM e.nisbet@es.rhul.ac.uk NR 12 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 13 U2 155 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6170 BP 493 EP 495 DI 10.1126/science.1247828 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 298SC UT WOS:000330343700030 PM 24482471 ER PT J AU Fonollosa, J Vergara, A Huerta, R Marco, S AF Fonollosa, Jordi Vergara, Alexander Huerta, Ramon Marco, Santiago TI Estimation of the limit of detection using information theory measures SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Limit of detection; Information theory; Mutual information; Heteroscedasticity False positive/negative errors; Gas discrimination and quantification ID SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS; CHEMICAL SENSORS; LIKELIHOOD; VALIDATION; INFERENCE; SELECTION; MODELS; ARRAY; WATER AB Definitions of the limit of detection (LOD) based on the probability of false positive and/or false negative errors have been proposed over the past years. Although such definitions are straightforward and valid for any kind of analytical system, proposed methodologies to estimate the LOD are usually simplified to signals with Gaussian noise. Additionally, there is a general misconception that two systems with the same LOD provide the same amount of information on the source regardless of the prior probability of presenting a blank/analyte sample. Based upon an analogy between an analytical system and a binary communication channel, in this paper we show that the amount of information that can be extracted from an analytical system depends on the probability of presenting the two different possible states. We propose a new definition of LOD utilizing information theory tools that deals with noise of any kind and allows the introduction of prior knowledge easily. Unlike most traditional LOD estimation approaches, the proposed definition is based on the amount of information that the chemical instrumentation system provides on the chemical information source. Our findings indicate that the benchmark of analytical systems based on the ability to provide information about the presence/absence of the analyte (our proposed approach) is a more general and proper framework, while converging to the usual values when dealing with Gaussian noise. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fonollosa, Jordi; Huerta, Ramon] Univ Calif San Diego, BioCircuits Inst BCI, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Vergara, Alexander] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marco, Santiago] Inst Bioengn Catalonia IBEC, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Marco, Santiago] Univ Barcelona, Dept Elect, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. RP Fonollosa, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, BioCircuits Inst BCI, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM fonollosa@ucsd.edu RI marco, santiago/A-6111-2009; Huerta, Ramon/J-4316-2012; Huerta, Ramon/C-9296-2013; Fonollosa, Jordi/L-2303-2014 OI marco, santiago/0000-0003-2663-2965; Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Fonollosa, Jordi/0000-0001-8854-8588 NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 31 PY 2014 VL 810 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.030 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 291PO UT WOS:000329841100001 PM 24439498 ER PT J AU Esteban, R Aizpurua, J Bryant, GW AF Esteban, Ruben Aizpurua, Javier Bryant, Garnett W. TI Strong coupling of single emitters interacting with phononic infrared antennae SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SILICON-CARBIDE; QUANTUM-DOT; POLARITON; EMISSION; PLASMONS; SYSTEM; CAVITY; MICROCAVITIES; NANOPARTICLES; EXCITONS AB A single emitter can couple with electromagnetic modes of dielectric cavities or metallic particles. In a similar manner, it can couple with a phononic mode supported by a nearby infrared antenna. We consider an emitter with a sufficiently large dipole moment coupled to a SiC bowtie structure supporting strongly localized phononic modes. We show that vacuum Rabi oscillations and large spectral anticrossing are possible, indicating that the emitter-phononic system is in the strong coupling regime. Pure dephasing degrades the response remarkably little. As expected for a quantum but not for a classical formalism, the frequency of the vacuum Rabi oscillations depends on the initial state. We also discuss the possibility of exciting hybrid modes with contributions from the emitter and from more than one of the phononic modes supported by the antenna. Phononic structures appear attractive to study such complex hybridization, as they can support several strongly confined modes with quality factors larger than one hundred in a relatively small spectral window. C1 [Esteban, Ruben; Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Esteban, Ruben; Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Esteban, Ruben; Bryant, Garnett W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Esteban, Ruben; Aizpurua, Javier] CSIC UPV EHU, Ctr Phys Mat, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. [Esteban, Ruben; Aizpurua, Javier] Donostia Int Phys Ctr DIPC, E-20018 Donostia San Sebastian, Spain. RP Esteban, R (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ruben_esteban@ehu.es RI Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; Esteban, Ruben/B-9669-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012 OI Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; FU project ETORTEK-NanoIker; Department of Industry of the Basque Government; Spanish National project [FIS2010-19609-C02-01E]; Department of Education of the Basque Government [IT756-13]; Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland FX RE and JA acknowledge financial support from the project ETORTEK-NanoIker, of the Department of Industry of the Basque Government, from the Spanish National project FIS2010-19609-C02-01E and from the Department of Education of the Basque Government, IT756-13 of consolidated groups. RE acknowledges financial support from the Physics Frontier Center at the Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland. NR 76 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 60 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 30 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 013052 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013052 PG 17 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 302SW UT WOS:000330626200005 ER PT J AU Blair, A Sanger, D White, D Holland, AF Vandiver, L Bowker, C White, S AF Blair, A. Sanger, D. White, D. Holland, A. F. Vandiver, L. Bowker, C. White, S. TI Quantifying and simulating stormwater runoff in watersheds SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE coastal resource management; land use change; modeling; southeast coastal plain; stormwater runoff; urbanization ID CAROLINA COASTAL ESTUARIES; SALT-MARSH SEDIMENTS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; TIDAL CREEK; LAND-USE; QUALITY AB We developed the Stormwater Runoff Modeling System (SWARM) based on curve number and unit hydrograph methods of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. SWARM models single events, targets watersheds fitting easily within hydrologic units with 12-digit codes, and has been calibrated for low-gradient topography of the Southeast coastal plain. We established protocols; made changes related to peak rate factors, travel time formulas, curve numbers, and the initial abstraction ratio; and then tested the output with multi-site validation using U.S. Geological Survey measurements of discharge and rainfall. Validation results from both undeveloped and developed watersheds support the robustness of our system in quantifying and simulating runoff: rainfall to runoff differences between measured and simulated volumes ranged from 3 to 11%; r(2) for hydrograph curves ranged from 0.82 to 0.98. SWARM can be a useful tool for scientific research and for coastal resource management and decision making in the Southeast coastal plain specifically and also may be applied to other areas by recalibrating parameters and modifying calculation templates. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Blair, A.] NOAA, JHT Inc, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sanger, D.] South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [White, D.] Clemson Univ, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Vandiver, L.] NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Bowker, C.] Hazen & Sawyer Environm Engineers, Charlotte, NC 28217 USA. [White, S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Blair, A (reprint author), Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. EM Anne.Blair@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative; NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science at Hollings Marine Laboratory; South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium FX We thank M. Messersmith, D. Wolfe, and D. Bergquist for assistance in developing SWARM; G. DiDonato for statistical help and general support; J. Cole for copy editing and insights; S. McCutcheon for invaluable assistance on early drafts; and the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium for support. We are very grateful to J. King, J. Jones, and G. Piniak for providing helpful comments and suggestions. This project is supported by NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative and NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science at Hollings Marine Laboratory. NR 27 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0885-6087 EI 1099-1085 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD JAN 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 3 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1002/hyp.9616 PG 11 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 284WN UT WOS:000329352400012 ER PT J AU Del'Haye, P Beha, K Papp, SB Diddams, SA AF Del'Haye, Pascal Beha, Katja Papp, Scott B. Diddams, Scott A. TI Self-Injection Locking and Phase-Locked States in Microresonator-Based Optical Frequency Combs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; LASER; CHIP; MICROCAVITY; MODE; RESONATOR; COHERENCE; DYNAMICS; NOISE; ION AB Microresonator-based optical frequency combs have been a topic of extensive research during the last few years. Several theoretical models for the comb generation have been proposed; however, they do not comprehensively address experimental results that show a variety of independent comb generation mechanisms. Here, we present frequency-domain experiments that illuminate the transition of microcombs into phase-locked states, which show characteristics of injection locking between ensembles of comb modes. In addition, we demonstrate the existence of equidistant optical frequency combs that are phase stable but have nondeterministic phase relationships between individual comb modes. C1 [Del'Haye, Pascal; Beha, Katja; Papp, Scott B.; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Del'Haye, P (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM pascal.delhaye@gmx.de RI Del'Haye, Pascal/G-2588-2016 OI Del'Haye, Pascal/0000-0002-6517-6942 FU NIST; DARPA QuASAR program; AFOSR; NASA; Humboldt Foundation FX This work is supported by NIST, the DARPA QuASAR program, AFOSR, and NASA. P. D. thanks the Humboldt Foundation for support. We further thank Frank Quinlan and Jeff Sherman for helpful comments on the manuscript. This Letter is a contribution of NIST and is not subject to copyright in the United States. NR 53 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 29 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 AR 043905 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.043905 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB7CS UT WOS:000331947500009 PM 24580454 ER PT J AU Yang, K Tyagi, M Moore, JS Zhang, Y AF Yang, Ke Tyagi, Madhusudan Moore, Jeffrey S. Zhang, Yang TI Odd-Even Glass Transition Temperatures in Network-Forming Ionic Glass Homologue SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS MOLECULAR MATERIALS; CHAIN-LENGTH; LIQUIDS; MONOLAYERS; POLYMERS; SPACERS; DEVICES AB Odd-even effects, the non-monotonic dependency of physical properties on odd/even structural units, are widely observed in homologous series of crystalline materials. However, such alternation is not expected for molecular amorphous materials. Herein, we report the synthesis of a class of network-forming ionic glasses using multivalent ammonium cations and citrate anions. The glass transition temperatures of these amorphous solids show an alternating pattern with increasing backbone length. To understand the phenomenon's molecular origin, we performed incoherent elastic neutron scattering measurements of the nanosecond atomic dynamics. Our results suggest that the molecules' mobility, and thus the glass transition temperature, correlates with their structural symmetry. C1 [Yang, Ke; Moore, Jeffrey S.] Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Yang, Ke; Moore, Jeffrey S.; Zhang, Yang] Univ Illinois, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Chem, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Zhang, Yang] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Moore, JS (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Beckman Inst Adv Sci & Technol, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM jsmoore@uiuc.edu; zhyang@illinois.edu RI Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; OI Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Yang, Ke/0000-0002-0184-9124 FU BP International Centre for Advanced Materials [/BP-ICAM]; UIUC; NRC [NRC-HQ-12-G-38-0072]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work was funded and supported by the BP International Centre for Advanced Materials [/BP-ICAM] in collaboration with UIUC and NRC faculty development award NRC-HQ-12-G-38-0072. The authors thank Prof. Nancy Sottos for use of her group's rheometer. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 29 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1268 EP 1271 DI 10.1021/ja411760t PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 302IR UT WOS:000330598600029 PM 24417556 ER PT J AU Rieucau, G Boswell, KM De Robertis, A Macaulay, GJ Handegard, NO AF Rieucau, Guillaume Boswell, Kevin M. De Robertis, Alex Macaulay, Gavin J. Handegard, Nils Olav TI Experimental Evidence of Threat-Sensitive Collective Avoidance Responses in a Large Wild-Caught Herring School SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTIONS; CLUPEA-HARENGUS; INFORMATION-TRANSFER; VISUAL INFORMATION; MULTIBEAM SONAR; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; MULTIPLE CUES; SHOAL SIZE; FISH AB Aggregation is commonly thought to improve animals' security. Within aquatic ecosystems, group-living prey can learn about immediate threats using cues perceived directly from predators, or from collective behaviours, for example, by reacting to the escape behaviours of companions. Combining cues from different modalities may improve the accuracy of prey antipredatory decisions. In this study, we explored the sensory modalities that mediate collective antipredatory responses of herring (Clupea harengus) when in a large school (approximately 60 000 individuals). By conducting a simulated predator encounter experiment in a semi-controlled environment (a sea cage), we tested the hypothesis that the collective responses of herring are threat-sensitive. We investigated whether cues from potential threats obtained visually or from the perception of water displacement, used independently or in an additive way, affected the strength of the collective avoidance reactions. We modified the sensory nature of the simulated threat by exposing the herring to 4 predator models differing in shape and transparency. The collective vertical avoidance response was observed and quantified using active acoustics. The combination of sensory cues elicited the strongest avoidance reactions, suggesting that collective antipredator responses in herring are mediated by the sensory modalities involved during threat detection in an additive fashion. Thus, this study provides evidence for magnitude-graded threat responses in a large school of wild-caught herring which is consistent with the "threat-sensitive hypothesis". C1 [Rieucau, Guillaume; Macaulay, Gavin J.; Handegard, Nils Olav] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Boswell, Kevin M.] Florida Int Univ, North Miami, FL USA. [De Robertis, Alex] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rieucau, G (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. EM guillaume.rieucau@imr.no RI boswell, kevin/B-6380-2016; Handegard, Nils Olav /I-3047-2012; OI boswell, kevin/0000-0002-2037-1541; Handegard, Nils Olav /0000-0002-9708-9042; Macaulay, Gavin/0000-0003-2518-6537 FU Norwegian Research Council [204229/F20] FX This work was financed by the Norwegian Research Council (grant 204229/F20). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 63 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 29 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e86726 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0086726 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 301ZC UT WOS:000330570000065 PM 24489778 ER PT J AU Lee, JC Jiang, ZP Hess, S McGlinchey, RP Yap, TL Heinrich, F AF Lee, Jennifer C. Jiang, Zhiping Hess, Sara McGlinchey, Ryan P. Yap, Thai Leong Heinrich, Frank TI Molecular Details of alpha-Synuclein Membrane Association Revealed by Neutron Reflectometry SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Lee, Jennifer C.; Jiang, Zhiping; Hess, Sara; McGlinchey, Ryan P.; Yap, Thai Leong] NHLBI, Lab Mol Biophys, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 17A EP 17A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000400086 ER PT J AU Peterson, AW Halter, M Tona, A Bhadriraju, K Elliott, JT Plant, AL AF Peterson, Alexander W. Halter, Michael Tona, Alessandro Bhadriraju, Kiran Elliott, John T. Plant, Anne L. TI High Resolution Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging of Focal Adhesions in Single Cells SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Peterson, Alexander W.; Halter, Michael; Tona, Alessandro; Elliott, John T.; Plant, Anne L.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bhadriraju, Kiran] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 24A EP 25A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000400124 ER PT J AU Akabori, K Treece, BW Jablin, MS Nagle, JF Maranville, B Huang, K Garcia, AE Tristram-Nagle, S AF Akabori, Kiyotaka Treece, Bradley W. Jablin, Michael S. Nagle, John F. Maranville, Brian Huang, Kun Garcia, Angel E. Tristram-Nagle, Stephanie TI Hiv-1 Tat Membrane Translocation Probed by Low- and Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering, Neutron Scattering, CD Spectroscopy and MD Simulations SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Akabori, Kiyotaka; Treece, Bradley W.; Jablin, Michael S.; Nagle, John F.; Tristram-Nagle, Stephanie] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Biol Phys Grp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Maranville, Brian] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Huang, Kun; Garcia, Angel E.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Phys & Astron, Troy, NY USA. RI Nagle, John/B-1917-2015; Tristram-Nagle, Prof. Stephanie/N-7811-2014 OI Nagle, John/0000-0002-9844-5934; Tristram-Nagle, Prof. Stephanie/0000-0003-2271-7056 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 91A EP 91A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000400465 ER PT J AU Balijepalli, A Vaz, C Ettedgui, J Cornio, AT Robertson, JWF Cheung, KP Pastor, RW Kasianowicz, JJ AF Balijepalli, Arvind Vaz, Canute Ettedgui, Jessica Cornio, Andrew T. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Cheung, Kin P. Pastor, Richard W. Kasianowicz, John J. TI Quantifying Short-Lived Events in Multi-State Ionic Channel Measurements SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Balijepalli, Arvind; Vaz, Canute; Ettedgui, Jessica; Cornio, Andrew T.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Cheung, Kin P.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Balijepalli, Arvind; Pastor, Richard W.] NIH, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 213A EP 213A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000401189 ER PT J AU Bull, MS Li, HB Perkins, TT AF Bull, Matthew S. Li, Hongbin Perkins, Thomas T. TI Improved Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Using Micro-Machined Cantilevers SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Bull, Matthew S.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bull, Matthew S.; Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Li, Hongbin] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 224A EP 224A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000401247 ER PT J AU Khodadadi, S Zhang, HL Sokolov, AP Curtis, JE AF Khodadadi, Sheila Zhang, Hailiang Sokolov, Alexei P. Curtis, Joseph E. TI The Role of Water in Dynamics of Biomacromolecules: A Mutual Inter-play! SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Khodadadi, Sheila] Delft Univ Technol, Delft, Netherlands. [Zhang, Hailiang; Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Hailiang] Univ Maryland, Inst Res & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Sokolov, Alexei P.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 227A EP 227A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000401262 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, E Nesbitt, D AF Holmstrom, Erik Nesbitt, David TI Folding in Human Telomerase RNA Pseudoknots: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies via Single-Molecule FRET SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Holmstrom, Erik; Nesbitt, David] NIST, JILA, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 283A EP 284A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000401562 ER PT J AU Walder, R Paik, DH Bull, MS Perkins, TT AF Walder, Robert Paik, D. Hern Bull, Matthew S. Perkins, Thomas T. TI An Ultrastable Measurement Platform for Single-Molecule Studies: Sub-NM Lateral Stability Over 1 hour using a Multiplexed Back-Scattered Detection SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Walder, Robert; Paik, D. Hern; Perkins, Thomas T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Bull, Matthew S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 392A EP 392A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000402217 ER PT J AU Paik, DH Roskens, VA Perkins, TT AF Paik, D. Hern Roskens, Violet A. Perkins, Thomas T. TI Torsionally Constrained DNA for Single-Molecule Assays: An Efficient, Ligation-Free Method SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Paik, D. Hern; Roskens, Violet A.] CU Boulder, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] NIST, MCDB, Boulder, CO USA. [Perkins, Thomas T.] CU Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 396A EP 396A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000402234 ER PT J AU Heinrich, F Nanda, H Goh, HZ Bachert, C Linstedt, AD Losche, M AF Heinrich, Frank Nanda, Hirsh Goh, Haw Zan Bachert, Collin Linstedt, Adam D. Loesche, Mathias TI Myristoylation Restricts Orientation of GRASP on Membranes and is Critical for Membrane Tethering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Goh, Haw Zan; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon, Phys, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Nanda, Hirsh; Loesche, Mathias] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goh, Haw Zan] Nanyang Technol Univ, Singapore, Singapore. [Bachert, Collin; Linstedt, Adam D.] Carnegie Mellon, Biol Sci, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 507A EP 507A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000402803 ER PT J AU Scott, DR Velikovsky, CA Mariuzza, RA Marino, JP Krueger, S Nanda, H AF Scott, Daniel R. Velikovsky, C. Alejandro Mariuzza, Roy A. Marino, John P. Krueger, Susan Nanda, Hirsh TI Biophysical Properties of Immune Receptor Proteins at the Membrane Interface SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Scott, Daniel R.; Marino, John P.; Krueger, Susan; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Velikovsky, C. Alejandro; Mariuzza, Roy A.] Univ Maryland, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 520A EP 520A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000402869 ER PT J AU Meuse, CW AF Meuse, Curtis W. TI Measuring Protein Dynamics and Mechanism using Infrared Spectroscopy SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Meuse, Curtis W.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 612A EP 612A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000403434 ER PT J AU Shrestha, UR VanDelinder, K Gajapathy, M Copley, J Leao, J Ng, JD Chu, XQ AF Shrestha, Utsab R. VanDelinder, Kurt Gajapathy, Manavalan Copley, John Leao, Juscelino Ng, Joseph D. Chu, Xiang-Qiang TI Dynamic Behavior of Oligomeric Inorganic Pyrophosphatase (IPPASE) Studied by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Shrestha, Utsab R.; VanDelinder, Kurt; Chu, Xiang-Qiang] Wayne State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. [Gajapathy, Manavalan; Ng, Joseph D.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Copley, John; Leao, Juscelino] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 650A EP 651A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000403631 ER PT J AU Sarangapani, P Jones, RL Hudson, S Pathak, JA AF Sarangapani, Prasad Jones, Ronald L. Hudson, Steven Pathak, Jai A. TI The pH and Concentration Dependence of Protein-Protein Interactions, Conformation, and Viscosity in Crowded Protein Solutions SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Sarangapani, Prasad; Pathak, Jai A.] Medimmune Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Jones, Ronald L.; Hudson, Steven] NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 665A EP 666A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000403712 ER PT J AU Hoogerheide, DP Golovchenko, JA AF Hoogerheide, David P. Golovchenko, Jene A. TI Universal Behavior of DNA Escape, Drift, and Diffusion in Nanopores SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Hoogerheide, David P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoogerheide, David P.] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Golovchenko, Jene A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 695A EP 695A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000403862 ER PT J AU Vernon, BC La Bauve, S Rogers, DM Carson, B Siegrist, CM Moczydlowski, E Heinrich, F Akgun, B Satija, S Zheng, AH Kielian, MC Kent, MS AF Vernon, Briana C. La Bauve, Sadie Rogers, David M. Carson, Bryan Siegrist, Cathryn M. Moczydlowski, Edward Heinrich, Frank Akgun, Bulent Satija, Sushil Zheng, Aihua Kielian, Margaret C. Kent, Michael S. TI Biophysical Study of the Dependence of Fusion of Dengue Virus with Host Membranes on Lipid Composition SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Vernon, Briana C.; La Bauve, Sadie; Rogers, David M.; Carson, Bryan; Siegrist, Cathryn M.; Moczydlowski, Edward; Kent, Michael S.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Akgun, Bulent; Satija, Sushil] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zheng, Aihua; Kielian, Margaret C.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Cell Biol, New York, NY USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 707A EP 708A PG 2 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000404043 ER PT J AU Brette, F Cros, C Machado, B Incardona, JP Scholz, NL Block, BA AF Brette, Fabien Cros, Caroline Machado, Ben Incardona, John P. Scholz, Nathaniel L. Block, Barbara A. TI Crude Oil Impairs Cardiac Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Fish SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Brette, Fabien; Cros, Caroline; Machado, Ben; Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [Incardona, John P.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 732A EP 732A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000404159 ER PT J AU Hoogerheide, DP Vaish, A Rostovtseva, T Kuszak, A Bezrukov, S Krueger, S Nanda, H AF Hoogerheide, David P. Vaish, Amit Rostovtseva, Tatiana Kuszak, Adam Bezrukov, Sergey Krueger, Susan Nanda, Hirsh TI Towards the Incorporation of Functional Ion Channel Proteins in Tethered Membranes SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 58th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical-Society CY FEB 15-19, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP Biophys Soc C1 [Hoogerheide, David P.; Vaish, Amit; Krueger, Susan; Nanda, Hirsh] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoogerheide, David P.; Rostovtseva, Tatiana; Bezrukov, Sergey] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Kuszak, Adam] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Nanda, Hirsh] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 2 SU 1 BP 746A EP 746A PG 1 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AI6QE UT WOS:000337000404227 ER PT J AU Zhang, S Zhao, M Lin, SJ Yang, X Anderson, W AF Zhang, S. Zhao, M. Lin, S. -J. Yang, X. Anderson, W. TI Retrieval of tropical cyclone statistics with a high-resolution coupled model and data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Tropical Cyclone Statistics Retrieval; Climate Estimation; Climate Prediction ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; DATA ASSIMILATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CLIMATE MODEL; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; FREQUENCY; SYSTEM; OCEAN; GCM AB When observations are assimilated into a high-resolution coupled model, a traditional scheme that preferably projects observations to correct large-scale background tends to filter out small-scale cyclones. Here we separately process the large-scale background and the small-scale perturbations with low-resolution observations for reconstructing historical cyclone statistics in a cyclone-permitting model. We show that by maintaining the interactions between small-scale perturbations and successively corrected large-scale background, a model can successfully retrieve the observed cyclone statistics that in return improve estimated ocean states. The improved ocean initial conditions together with the continuous interactions of cyclones and background flows are expected to reduce model forecast errors. Combined with convection-permitting cyclone initialization, the new high-resolution model initialization along with the progressively advanced coupled models should contribute significantly to the ongoing research on seamless weather-climate predictions. C1 [Zhang, S.; Lin, S. -J.; Anderson, W.] GFDL NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Zhao, M.; Yang, X.] GFDL UCAR, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zhang, S (reprint author), GFDL NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Shaoqing.Zhang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009; Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 OI Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X; NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 652 EP 660 DI 10.1002/2013GL058879 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000065 ER PT J AU Bollasina, MA Ming, Y Ramaswamy, V Schwarzkopf, MD Naik, V AF Bollasina, Massimo A. Ming, Yi Ramaswamy, V. Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel Naik, Vaishali TI Contribution of local and remote anthropogenic aerosols to the twentieth century weakening of the South Asian Monsoon SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE South Asian Monsoon; Anthropogenic Aerosols; Local and remote sources ID BLACK CARBON AEROSOLS; INDIAN MONSOON; CLIMATE AB The late twentieth century response of the South Asian monsoon to changes in anthropogenic aerosols from local (i.e., South Asia) and remote (i.e., outside South Asia) sources was investigated using historical simulations with a state-of-the-art climate model. The observed summertime drying over India is replaced by widespread wettening once local aerosol emissions are kept at preindustrial levels while all the other forcings evolve. Constant remote aerosol emissions partially suppress the precipitation decrease. While predominant precipitation changes over India are thus associated with local aerosols, remote aerosols contribute as well, especially in favoring an earlier monsoon onset in June and enhancing summertime rainfall over the northwestern regions. Conversely, temperature and near-surface circulation changes over South Asia are more effectively driven by remote aerosols. These changes are reflected into northward cross-equatorial anomalies in the atmospheric energy transport induced by both local and, to a greater extent, remote aerosols. Key Points Both local and remote aerosols affect the monsoon Complex interactions between local and remote aerosols determine the response Circulation changes play an important role C1 [Bollasina, Massimo A.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Bollasina, Massimo A.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Ming, Yi; Ramaswamy, V.; Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Naik, Vaishali] UCAR NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Bollasina, MA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM massimo.bollasina@ed.ac.uk RI Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012 OI Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; FU Princeton Environmental Institute; BP FX The authors would like to thank Larry Horowitz, David Paynter, and Yuxing Yun for reviewing an earlier version of the manuscript, and an anonymous reviewer. M.A.B. was supported by the Princeton Environmental Institute with support from BP. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 680 EP 687 DI 10.1002/2013GL058183 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000069 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, S Voigt, C Jessberger, P Jurkat, T Schlager, H Schwarzenboeck, A Klingebiel, M Thornberry, T AF Kaufmann, Stefan Voigt, Christiane Jessberger, Philipp Jurkat, Tina Schlager, Hans Schwarzenboeck, Alfons Klingebiel, Marcus Thornberry, Troy TI In situ measurements of ice saturation in young contrails SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE water vapor; contrail; ice saturation ID WATER-VAPOR; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PARTICLES; AIRCRAFT; EVOLUTION; GROWTH AB Relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) is a major factor controlling the evolution of aircraft contrails. High-resolution airborne H2O measurements in and near contrails were made at a rate of 4.2Hz using the novel water vapor mass spectrometer AIMS-H2O with in-flight calibration during the CONtrail, volcano, and Cirrus ExpeRimenT (CONCERT) 2011. Three 2min old contrails were sampled near 11km altitude. Independent of the ambient supersaturation or subsaturation over ice, the mean of the RHi frequency distribution within each contrail is shifted toward ice saturation. This shift can be explained by the high ice surface area densities with corresponding RHi relaxation times on the order of 20 s, which lead to the fast equilibration of H2O between the vapor and ice phase. Understanding the interaction of water vapor with ice particles is essential to investigate the life cycle of contrails and cirrus. Key Points Water vapor is detected in the UTLS with a novel water vapor mass spectrometer Timescales for RHi relaxation to ice saturation in contrails are calculated In contrails, RHi shifts to ice saturation independent of ambient conditions C1 [Kaufmann, Stefan; Voigt, Christiane; Jessberger, Philipp; Jurkat, Tina; Schlager, Hans] Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphere, Wessling, Germany. [Kaufmann, Stefan; Voigt, Christiane; Jessberger, Philipp; Klingebiel, Marcus] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Phys Atmosphare, D-55122 Mainz, Germany. [Schwarzenboeck, Alfons] Univ Clermont Ferrand, LaMP, Clermont Ferrand, France. [Thornberry, Troy] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kaufmann, S (reprint author), Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, Inst Phys Atmosphere, Wessling, Germany. EM Stefan.Kaufmann@dlr.de RI Voigt, Christiane/G-3279-2010; Thornberry, Troy/H-7106-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU DFG [VO1504/2-1]; DLR project WeCare FX The campaign CONCERT 2011 was organized by the HGF-young investigator group AEROTROP (VH-NG-309, http://www.pa.op.dlr.de/AEROTROP). Part of this work was funded by contract VO1504/2-1 within the DFG SPP HALO 1294 and by the DLR project WeCare. We are thankful to S. Borrmann for providing and W. Frey and S. Molleker for operating the FSSP during CONCERT. We thank the DLR flight department and DFS for excellent support during the campaign and B. Karcher for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 702 EP 709 DI 10.1002/2013GL058276 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000072 ER PT J AU Luo, ZJ Jeyaratnam, J Iwasaki, S Takahashi, H Anderson, R AF Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth Iwasaki, Suginori Takahashi, Hanii Anderson, Ricardo TI Convective vertical velocity and cloud internal vertical structure: An A-Train perspective SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Convective vertical velocity; Tropical Convection ID CUMULONIMBUS; EVENTS; RADAR; GATE AB This paper describes a novel use of A-Train observations to estimate vertical velocities for actively growing convective plumes and to relate them to cloud internal vertical structure. Convective vertical velocity is derived from time-delayed (1-2min) IR measurements from MODIS and IIR. Convective vertical velocities are found to be clustered around 2-4m/s but the distributions are positively skewed with long tails extending to larger values. Land convection during the 13:30 overpasses has higher vertical velocities than those during the 1:30 overpasses; oceanic convection shows the opposite, albeit smaller, contrast. Our results also show that convection with larger vertical velocity tends to transport larger precipitation-size particle and/or greater amount of water substance to higher altitude and produces heavier rainfall. Finally, we discuss the implications of this study for the designs of future space-borne missions that focus on fast-evolving processes such as those related to clouds and precipitation. C1 [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny; Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth; Anderson, Ricardo] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny; Jeyaratnam, Jeyavinoth; Anderson, Ricardo] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Iwasaki, Suginori] Natl Def Acad, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239, Japan. [Takahashi, Hanii] CUNY, Grad Ctr, Program Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Luo, ZJ (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM luo@sci.ccny.cuny.edu FU Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [24710024]; NASA [NNX10AM31G, NNX12AC13G] FX We would like to thank William Rossow, Hajime Okamoto, Hiro Masunaga, and B. J. Sohn for helpful comments and insightful discussions. The study was supported by two NASA grants awarded to CUNY: NNX10AM31G and NNX12AC13G. We also thank Graeme Stephens and Ziad Haddad for supporting this work and follow-on analysis. SI was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) 24710024. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 723 EP 729 DI 10.1002/2013GL058922 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000075 ER PT J AU Niedermeier, D Ervens, B Clauss, T Voigtlander, J Wex, H Hartmann, S Stratmann, F AF Niedermeier, Dennis Ervens, Barbara Clauss, Tina Voigtlaender, Jens Wex, Heike Hartmann, Susan Stratmann, Frank TI A computationally efficient description of heterogeneous freezing: A simplified version of the Soccer ballmodel SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE heterogeneous ice nucleation; Parcel Model Study ID ICE NUCLEATION; MINERAL DUST; KAOLINITE PARTICLES; WATER DROPLETS; IMMERSION; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; CLOUD AB In a recent study, the Soccer ball model (SBM) was introduced for modeling and/or parameterizing heterogeneous ice nucleation processes. The model applies classical nucleation theory. It allows for a consistent description of both apparently singular and stochastic ice nucleation behavior, by distributing contact angles over the nucleation sites of a particle population assuming a Gaussian probability density function. The original SBM utilizes the Monte Carlo technique, which hampers its usage in atmospheric models, as fairly time-consuming calculations must be performed to obtain statistically significant results. Thus, we have developed a simplified and computationally more efficient version of the SBM. We successfully used the new SBM to parameterize experimental nucleation data of, e.g., bacterial ice nucleation. Both SBMs give identical results; however, the new model is computationally less expensive as confirmed by cloud parcel simulations. Therefore, it is a suitable tool for describing heterogeneous ice nucleation processes in atmospheric models. Key Points Theoretical description of heterogeneous freezing - Soccer ball model Implementation of different freezing descriptions into a cloud parcel model A contact angle distribution is needed to well describe heterogeneous freezing C1 [Niedermeier, Dennis; Clauss, Tina; Voigtlaender, Jens; Wex, Heike; Hartmann, Susan; Stratmann, Frank] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Niedermeier, D (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. EM niederm@tropos.de RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [CLOUD 12]; German Research Foundation (DFG) [WE 4722/1-1]; EU-FP7 project EUROCHAMP II; NOAA's Climate Goal FX This work is partly funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF - project CLOUD 12) and by the German Research Foundation (DFG project WE 4722/1-1, part of the research unit FOR 1525 INUIT). It was financially supported by the EU-FP7 project EUROCHAMP II. B.E. acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 2 BP 736 EP 741 DI 10.1002/2013GL058684 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JT UT WOS:000332991000077 ER PT J AU Baldasseroni, C Palsson, GK Bordel, C Valencia, S Unal, AA Kronast, F Nemsak, S Fadley, CS Borchers, JA Maranville, BB Hellman, F AF Baldasseroni, C. Palsson, G. K. Bordel, C. Valencia, S. Unal, A. A. Kronast, F. Nemsak, S. Fadley, C. S. Borchers, J. A. Maranville, B. B. Hellman, F. TI Effect of capping material on interfacial ferromagnetism in FeRh thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; MAGNETOOPTICAL PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC TRANSITION; ALLOY FERH; SURFACE; SEGREGATION AB The role of the capping material in stabilizing a thin ferromagnetic layer at the interface between a FeRh film and cap in the nominally antiferromagnetic phase at room temperature was studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in photoemission electron microscopy and polarized neutron reflectivity. These techniques were used to determine the presence or absence of interfacial ferromagnetism (FM) in films capped with different oxides and metals. Chemically stable oxide caps do not generate any interfacial FM while the effect of metallic caps depends on the element, showing that interfacial FM is due to metallic interdiffusion and the formation of a ternary alloy with a modified antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition temperature. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Baldasseroni, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Palsson, G. K.; Nemsak, S.; Fadley, C. S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Palsson, G. K.; Bordel, C.; Nemsak, S.; Fadley, C. S.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bordel, C.; Hellman, F.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bordel, C.] Univ Rouen, GPM, CNRS, UMR 6634, F-76801 St Etienne, France. [Valencia, S.; Unal, A. A.; Kronast, F.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Borchers, J. A.; Maranville, B. B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Baldasseroni, C (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM cbaldasseroni@berkeley.edu RI Valencia, Sergio/D-3615-2015 OI Valencia, Sergio/0000-0002-3912-5797 FU magnetism program at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-AC02-05CH11231] FX We thank A. X. Gray, A. M. Kaiser, J. Herrero-Albillos, and C. M. Schneider for help with the PEEM measurements, J. Karel, A. Greer, G. Conti, S. Ueda, Y. Yamashita, M. Kobata, A. Yang, O. Sakata, and K. Kobayashi for hard x-ray photoemission measurements, and C. Antonakos, A. Ceballos, and A. Scholl for additional PEEM measurements at the ALS. This work was supported by the magnetism program at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Science and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. NR 43 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 4 AR 043919 DI 10.1063/1.4862961 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AA6LW UT WOS:000331210800088 ER PT J AU Celi, A Massignan, P Ruseckas, J Goldman, N Spielman, IB Juzeliunas, G Lewenstein, M AF Celi, A. Massignan, P. Ruseckas, J. Goldman, N. Spielman, I. B. Juzeliunas, G. Lewenstein, M. TI Synthetic Gauge Fields in Synthetic Dimensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TOPOLOGICAL EDGE STATES; OPTICAL LATTICES; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; DIRAC FERMIONS; SUPERLATTICES; POTENTIALS; PHYSICS; GASES AB We describe a simple technique for generating a cold-atom lattice pierced by a uniform magnetic field. Our method is to extend a one-dimensional optical lattice into the "dimension" provided by the internal atomic degrees of freedom, yielding a synthetic two-dimensional lattice. Suitable laser coupling between these internal states leads to a uniform magnetic flux within the two-dimensional lattice. We show that this setup reproduces the main features of magnetic lattice systems, such as the fractal Hofstadter-butterfly spectrum and the chiral edge states of the associated Chern insulating phases. C1 [Celi, A.; Massignan, P.; Lewenstein, M.] ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, E-08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. [Ruseckas, J.; Juzeliunas, G.] Vilnius State Univ, Inst Theoret Phys & Astron, LT-01108 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Goldman, N.] UPMC, ENS, CNRS, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. [Spielman, I. B.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Spielman, I. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lewenstein, M.] ICREA, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain. RP Celi, A (reprint author), ICFO Inst Ciencies Foton, Mediterranean Technol Pk, E-08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. RI Massignan, Pietro/A-4429-2009; Lewenstein, Maciej/I-1337-2014; Celi, Alessio/I-8079-2012 OI Massignan, Pietro/0000-0003-1545-792X; Lewenstein, Maciej/0000-0002-0210-7800; Celi, Alessio/0000-0003-4939-084X FU FRS-FNRS (Belgium); Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); ERC AdG QUAGATUA; EU IP SIQS; EU STREP EQuaM; Spanish MINCIN [FIS2008-00784 TOQATA]; ESF POLATOM; European Social Fund under the Global Grant measure; ARO; DARPA's OLE program; Atomtronics-MURI; NSF through the PFC at JQI FX We acknowledge enlightening discussions with E. Anisimovas, F. Chevy, J. Dalibard, L. Fallani, F. Gerbier, and C. Salomon and support from FRS-FNRS (Belgium) and Universite Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), ERC AdG QUAGATUA, EU IP SIQS, EU STREP EQuaM, Spanish MINCIN (FIS2008-00784 TOQATA), ESF POLATOM, the European Social Fund under the Global Grant measure. I. B. S. acknowledges the support of the ARO with funding from DARPA's OLE program and the Atomtronics-MURI; and the NSF through the PFC at JQI. NR 60 TC 96 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 AR 043001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.043001 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB7CL UT WOS:000331946800007 PM 24580445 ER PT J AU Nardin, G Moody, G Singh, R Autry, TM Li, HB Morier-Genoud, F Cundiff, ST AF Nardin, Gael Moody, Galan Singh, Rohan Autry, Travis M. Li, Hebin Morier-Genoud, Francois Cundiff, Steven T. TI Coherent Excitonic Coupling in an Asymmetric Double InGaAs Quantum Well Arises from Many-Body Effects SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY-TRANSFER; BINDING-ENERGY; RESONANCE; BARRIERS; SYSTEMS; OSCILLATIONS AB We study an asymmetric double InGaAs quantum well using optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy. The collection of zero-quantum, one-quantum, and two-quantum two-dimensional spectra provides a unique and comprehensive picture of the double well coherent optical response. Coherent and incoherent contributions to the coupling between the two quantum well excitons are clearly separated. An excellent agreement with density matrix calculations reveals that coherent interwell coupling originates from many-body interactions. C1 [Nardin, Gael; Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nardin, Gael; Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Li, Hebin; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moody, Galan; Singh, Rohan; Autry, Travis M.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Morier-Genoud, Francois] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Quantum Optoelect, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Nardin, G (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiff@jila.colorado.edu RI Li, Hebin/A-8711-2009; Nardin, Gael/F-3484-2011; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Moody, Galan/J-5811-2014; EPFL, Physics/O-6514-2016 OI Nardin, Gael/0000-0001-6642-0348; Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Moody, Galan/0000-0001-7263-1483; FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-02ER15346]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) FX The work at JILA was primarily supported by the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Energy Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Science, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy under Award No. DE-FG02-02ER15346, as well NIST. G. N. acknowledges support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF). NR 40 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 4 AR 046402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.046402 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB7CL UT WOS:000331946800018 PM 24580472 ER PT J AU Du, WJ Yuan, GC Wang, MJ Han, CC Satija, SK Akgun, B AF Du, Wenjie Yuan, Guangcui Wang, Mingji Han, Charles C. Satija, Sushil K. Akgun, Bulent TI Initial Stages of Interdiffusion between Asymmetrical Polymeric Layers: Glassy Polycarbonate and Melt Poly(methyl methacrylate) Interface Studied by Neutron Reflectometry SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID PARTIALLY MISCIBLE POLYMERS; PHASE-SEPARATION DYNAMICS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURES; IMMISCIBILITY LOOP; MUTUAL DIFFUSION; BLENDS; REFLECTION; DEPENDENCE; MIXTURES; MODEL AB Interfacial evolution of deuterated polycarbonate (dPC) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bilayer films supported on silicon substrates was examined by neutron reflectometry. The dPC was in the glassy state and the PMMA was in the melt state when the samples were annealed at temperatures (from 400 to 415 K) between the bulk glass transition temperature (T-g) of dPC (T-g similar to 418 K) and PMMA (T-g similar to 390 K). Asymmetric concentration profiles were observed as a result of composition dependence of the mobility. Once the slow moving dPC molecules leave the dPC-rich side (which was glassy) and enter the PMMA side, the dPC molecules become fast moving and diffuse freely in a viscous melt environment, while the fast moving PMMA molecules become slow as PMMA enter the glassy dPC matrix. Slight change in molecular mass of dPC gives rise to remarkable difference in concentration profile, indicating that mutual diffusion is very sensitive to molecular friction and entanglement of medium. With the penetration of PMMA into the dPC-rich side, the sluggish relaxation of dPC with high molecular mass results in the swelling of the dPC layer. C1 [Du, Wenjie; Yuan, Guangcui; Wang, Mingji; Han, Charles C.] Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Joint Lab Polymer Sci & Mat, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci,Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. [Du, Wenjie; Wang, Mingji] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China. [Satija, Sushil K.; Akgun, Bulent] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Akgun, Bulent] Bogazici Univ, Dept Chem, TR-34342 Istanbul, Turkey. RP Yuan, GC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Joint Lab Polymer Sci & Mat, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci,Inst Chem, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China. EM gcyuan@iccas.ac.cn; c.c.han@iccas.ac.cn RI Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011 FU National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2012CB821500]; Chinese National Science Foundation [21004069] FX This work is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB821500) and the Chinese National Science Foundation (Project 21004069). NR 52 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 28 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 2 BP 713 EP 720 DI 10.1021/ma401895t PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 301PD UT WOS:000330543500029 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Veres, PR VandenBoer, TC Warneke, C Graus, M Williams, EJ Lefer, B Brock, CA Bahreini, R Ozturk, F Middlebrook, AM Wagner, NL Dube, WP de Gouw, JA AF Roberts, James M. Veres, Patrick R. VandenBoer, Trevor C. Warneke, Carsten Graus, Martin Williams, Eric J. Lefer, Barry Brock, Charles A. Bahreini, Roya Ozturk, Fatma Middlebrook, Ann M. Wagner, Nicholas L. Dube, William P. de Gouw, Joost A. TI New insights into atmospheric sources and sinks of isocyanic acid, HNCO, from recent urban and regional observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NI-PT-CIMS; BURNING EMISSIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AMMONIA; EXHAUST; AEROSOL; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY; OXIDATION; AMINES AB Isocyanic acid (HNCO) has only recently been measured in the ambient atmosphere, and many aspects of its atmospheric chemistry are still uncertain. HNCO was measured during three diverse field campaigns: California Nexus-Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex 2010) at the Pasadena ground site, Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower (NACHTT 2011) at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) in Weld County, CO, and Biofuel Crops emission of Ozone precursors intensive (BioCORN 2011), in a cornfield NW of Fort Collins, CO. Mixing ratios varied from below detection limit (similar to 0.003 ppbv) to over 1.2 ppbv during a period when agricultural burning impacted the BAO Tower site. Urban areas, such as the CalNex 2010 Pasadena site, appear to have both primary (combustion) and secondary (photochemical) sources of HNCO, 50 +/- 9%, and 33 +/- 12%, respectively, while primary sources were responsible for the large mixing ratios of HNCO observed during the wintertime NACHTT study in suburban Colorado. Isocyanic acid during the BioCORN study in rural NE Colorado was closely correlated to ozone and therefore likely photochemically produced as a secondary product from amines or formamide. The removal of HNCO from the lower atmosphere is thought to be due to deposition, as common gas phase loss processes of photolysis and reactions with hydroxyl radicals, are slow. These ambient measurements are consistent with some HNCO deposition, which was evident at night at these surface sites. C1 [Roberts, James M.; Veres, Patrick R.; Warneke, Carsten; Graus, Martin; Williams, Eric J.; Brock, Charles A.; Bahreini, Roya; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Dube, William P.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Veres, Patrick R.; Warneke, Carsten; Graus, Martin; Williams, Eric J.; Brock, Charles A.; Bahreini, Roya; Middlebrook, Ann M.; Wagner, Nicholas L.; Dube, William P.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [VandenBoer, Trevor C.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Lefer, Barry] Univ Houston, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Houston, TX USA. [Ozturk, Fatma] Abant Izzet Baysal Univ, Dept Environm Engn, Bolu, Turkey. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.M.Roberts@noaa.gov RI Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Graus, Martin/E-7546-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Wagner, Nicholas/E-7437-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; Graus, Martin/0000-0002-2025-9242; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program; NOAA; USDA [2009-35112-05217]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Canada Graduate Scholarship; Michael Smith Foreign Study award FX This work was supported by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and NOAA's Climate Goal. The BioCORN study was supported by the USDA grant 2009-35112-05217, and the investigators gratefully acknowledge logistical support by Chris Fryrear, Mark Collins, and Karl Whitman and access to the cornfield at the CSU research farm (ARDEC) in Fort Collins, CO, and the adjacent land owned by the Bee family. T.C. VandenBoer acknowledges funding for this work from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada through a Canada Graduate Scholarship and Michael Smith Foreign Study award. We thank Gerhard Hubler, Dan Wolfe, and Bruce Bartram for logistical help during NACHTT 2011. NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 1060 EP 1072 DI 10.1002/2013JD019931 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK3PV UT WOS:000338338100024 ER PT J AU Csiszar, I Schroeder, W Giglio, L Ellicott, E Vadrevu, KP Justice, CO Wind, B AF Csiszar, Ivan Schroeder, Wilfrid Giglio, Louis Ellicott, Evan Vadrevu, Krishna P. Justice, Christopher O. Wind, Brad TI Active fires from the Suomi NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite: Product status and first evaluation results SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE satellite; VIIRS; fire; biomass burning ID DETECTION ALGORITHM; RADIATIVE ENERGY; ETM PLUS; MODIS; SATELLITE; ASTER; VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE; IDENTIFICATION; RESOLUTION AB The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite incorporates fire-sensitive channels, including a dual-gain high-saturation temperature 4 mu m channel, enabling active fire detection and characterization. The active fire product, based on the 750m moderate resolution M bands of VIIRS, is one of the standard operational products generated by the Interface Data Processing Segment of the S-NPP ground system. The product builds on an earlier Collection 4 version of the algorithm used for processing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Following postlaunch quality assessments and corrections in the input VIIRS Sensor Data Record data processing, an initial low detection bias was removed and the product achieved Beta quality in April 2012. Daily spurious detections along-scan lines were also significantly reduced as a result of further processing improvements in October 2012. Direct product comparison with MODIS over 4 months of data in 2013 has shown that VIIRS produces approximately 26% more detections than MODIS within the central 3 pixel VIIRS aggregation zone of approximately 31 degrees scan angle range and 70% more detections outside of that zone, mainly as a result of the superior VIIRS scanning and sampling characteristics. Further development is in progress to ensure high-quality VIIRS fire products that continue the MODIS data record and better serve the user community by delivering a full image classification product and fire radiative power retrievals. Research is also underway to take advantage of the radiometric signal from the 375m VIIRS imager I bands. Key Points The VIIRS sensor demonstrated good performance for active fire detection VIIRS fire detections are consistent with coincident MODIS detections The product provides reliable information for near real-time monitoring C1 [Csiszar, Ivan] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Schroeder, Wilfrid; Giglio, Louis; Ellicott, Evan; Vadrevu, Krishna P.; Justice, Christopher O.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wind, Brad] Enterprise Informat Solut Inc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Csiszar, I (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM ivan.csiszar@noaa.gov RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; OI Vadrevu, Krishna/0000-0003-4407-5605 FU NOAA JPSS Office; JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program; NASA Earth Science Program through the Suomi NPP Science Team for Climate Data Records initiative FX This work has been supported by the NOAA JPSS Office, the JPSS Proving Ground and Risk Reduction Program, and the NASA Earth Science Program through the Suomi NPP Science Team for Climate Data Records initiative. We thank Alain Sei and his colleagues at Northrop Grumman Space Technology for the prelaunch development of the VIIRS fire code, Ted Kennelly and his colleagues at Atmospheric Environmental Research, Inc. for prelaunch VIIRS fire capability analysis, and the Raytheon Company for the implementation and maintenance of the operational active fire code in IDPS. We also thank Philip Riggan and the USDA Pacific Southwest Research Station for providing the FireMapper reference data set used in this study, and the three anonymous reviewers for their thorough and constructive reviews. The contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 48 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 57 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 2 BP 803 EP 816 DI 10.1002/2013JD020453 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD1LK UT WOS:000332995300014 ER PT J AU Bennett, DA Schmidt, DR Swetz, DS Ullom, JN AF Bennett, Douglas A. Schmidt, Daniel R. Swetz, Daniel S. Ullom, Joel N. TI Phase-slip lines as a resistance mechanism in transition-edge sensors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD; CENTERS; MICROCALORIMETERS; FILM AB The fundamental mechanism of resistance in voltage-biased superconducting films is poorly understood despite its importance as the basis of transition-edge sensors (TESs). TESs are utilized in state-of-the-art microbolometers and microcalorimeters covering a wide range of energies and applications. We present a model for the resistance of a TES based on phase-slip lines (PSLs) and compare the model to data. One of the model's predictions, discrete changes in the number of PSLs, is a possible explanation for the observed switching between discrete current states in localized regions of bias. C1 [Bennett, Douglas A.; Schmidt, Daniel R.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Ullom, Joel N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bennett, Douglas A.] Univ Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Schmidt, Daniel R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bennett, DA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Douglas.Bennett@nist.gov OI Bennett, Douglas/0000-0003-3011-3690 FU U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development; Office of Nuclear Energy FX The authors acknowledge the support of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Office of Nonproliferation Research and Development and the Office of Nuclear Energy. Contribution of a U.S. government agency, not subject to copyright. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 AR 042602 DI 10.1063/1.4863664 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AA6LN UT WOS:000331209900053 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Ates, S Liu, Y Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, M. Ates, S. Liu, Y. Srinivasan, K. TI Si3N4 optomechanical crystals in the resolved-sideband regime SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; MODE; OSCILLATOR; CAVITIES; DESIGN AB We demonstrate sideband-resolved Si3N4 optomechanical crystals supporting 10(5) quality factor optical modes at 980 nm, coupled to approximate to 4GHz frequency mechanical modes with quality factors of approximate to 3000. Optomechanical electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption are observed at room temperature and in atmosphere with intracavity photon numbers in excess of 10(4). (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Davanco, M.; Ates, S.; Liu, Y.; Srinivasan, K.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, M.] CALTECH, Dept Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Ates, S.; Liu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mdavanco@nist.gov RI Liu, Yuxiang/G-9561-2011 FU DARPA MESO program; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193]; NIST-ARRA through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX We thank Vladimir Aksyuk and Oskar Painter for helpful discussions. This work was partially supported by the DARPA MESO program. S.A. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST (Award No. 70NANB10H193). Y. L. acknowledges support under the NIST-ARRA Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Grant No. 70NANB10H026 through the University of Maryland. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 4 AR 041101 DI 10.1063/1.4858975 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AA6LN UT WOS:000331209900001 ER PT J AU Gigault, J Pettibone, JM Schmitt, C Hackley, VA AF Gigault, Julien Pettibone, John M. Schmitt, Charlene Hackley, Vincent A. TI Rational strategy for characterization of nanoscale particles by asymmetric- flow field flow fractionation: A tutorial SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE Field flow fractionation; Nanoparticle; Nanomaterial; Protocol; Optimization; Validation ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMERS; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; CARBON NANOTUBES; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS; ULTRAFILTRATION MEMBRANES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; SHAPE SEPARATION AB This tutorial proposes a comprehensive and rational measurement strategy that provides specific guidance for the application of asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation (A4F) to the size-dependent separation and characterization of nanoscale particles (NPs) dispersed in aqueous media. A range of fractionation conditions are considered, and challenging applications, including industrially relevant materials (e.g., metal NPs, asymmetric NPs), are utilized in order to validate and illustrate this approach. We demonstrate that optimization is material dependent and that polystyrene NPs, widely used as a reference standard for retention calibration in A4F, in fact represent a class of materials with unique selectivity, recovery and optimal conditions for fractionation; thus use of these standards to calibrate retention for other materials must be validated a posteriori. We discuss the use and relevance of different detection modalities that can potentially yield multi-dimensional and complementary information on NP systems. We illustrate the fractionation of atomically precise nanoclusters, which are the lower limit of the nanoscale regime. Conversely, we address the upper size limit for normal mode elution in A4F. The protocol for A4F fractionation, including the methods described in the present work is proposed as a standardized strategy to realize interlaboratory comparability and to facilitate the selection and validation of material-specific measurement parameters and conditions. It is intended for both novice and advanced users of this measurement technology. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gigault, Julien; Pettibone, John M.; Schmitt, Charlene; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gigault, J (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM j.gigault@gmail.com; vince.hackley@nist.gov NR 76 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 9 U2 106 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 27 PY 2014 VL 809 BP 9 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.021 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 287ZG UT WOS:000329580500002 PM 24418128 ER PT J AU Porsev, SG Safronova, MS Derevianko, A Clark, CW AF Porsev, S. G. Safronova, M. S. Derevianko, A. Clark, Charles W. TI Long-range interaction coefficients for ytterbium dimers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI; POLARIZABILITIES; BARIUM; ATOMS AB We evaluate the electric-dipole and electric-quadrupole static and dynamic polarizabilities for the 6s(21)S(0), 6s6p(3)P(0)degrees, and 6s6p(3)P(1)degrees states and estimate their uncertainties. A first-principles relativistic method is developed for an accurate calculation of the van der Waals coefficients of dimers involving excited-state atoms with strong decay channel to the ground state. This method is used for evaluation of the long-range interaction coefficients of particular experimental interest, including the C-6 coefficients for the Yb-(YbS0)-S-1 + P-3(0,1)degrees and P-3(0)degrees + P-3(0)degrees dimers and C-8 coefficients for the S-1(0) + S-1(0) and S-1(0) + P-3(1)degrees dimers. C1 [Porsev, S. G.; Safronova, M. S.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Safronova, M. S.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Derevianko, A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Porsev, SG (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center [PHY-0822671]; Office of Naval Research; US NSF [PHY-1212442, PHY-1212482]; RFBR Grant [11-02-00943] FX We thank P. Julienne for helpful discussions. This research was performed under the sponsorship of the US Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Physics Frontiers Center Grant No. PHY-0822671 and by the Office of Naval Research. The work of S.G.P. was supported in part by US NSF Grant No. PHY-1212442 and RFBR Grant No. 11-02-00943. The work of A.D. was supported in part by the US NSF Grant No. PHY-1212482. NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1 AR 012711 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.012711 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC0UZ UT WOS:000332212300007 ER PT J AU Rosenfeld, D Sherwood, S Wood, R Donner, L AF Rosenfeld, Daniel Sherwood, Steven Wood, Robert Donner, Leo TI Climate Effects of Aerosol-Cloud Interactions SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Rosenfeld, Daniel] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. [Sherwood, Steven] Univ New S Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Wood, Robert] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Donner, Leo] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Rosenfeld, D (reprint author), Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. EM daniel.rosen-feld@huji.ac.il RI Sherwood, Steven/B-5673-2008; Wood, Robert/A-2989-2008; Rosenfeld, Daniel/F-6077-2016 OI Sherwood, Steven/0000-0001-7420-8216; Wood, Robert/0000-0002-1401-3828; Rosenfeld, Daniel/0000-0002-0784-7656 NR 13 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 9 U2 106 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6169 BP 379 EP 380 DI 10.1126/science.1247490 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 294IR UT WOS:000330039300035 PM 24458631 ER PT J AU Pinnegar, JK Tomczak, MT Link, JS AF Pinnegar, John K. Tomczak, Maciej T. Link, Jason S. TI How to determine the likely indirect food-web consequences of a newly introduced non-native species: A worked example SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Lessepsian; Model; Food-web; Diet composition; Invasive ID MIGRANT FISTULARIA-COMMERSONII; LESSEPSIAN MIGRANT; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; BLUESPOTTED CORNETFISH; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSE; FISH; MODELS; ECOSIM; ECOPATH AB In this paper we demonstrate through a worked case-study that it is possible to make an assessment of the indirect food-web consequences that might occur as a result of the arrival of a hither-to not observed non-native species. We also explore implications for commercial fisheries catches, through the application of a suite of complimentary ecosystem modelling tools. Fistularia commersonii is a lessepsian migrant (introduced via the Suez Canal) that was first recorded in the Mediterranean in January 2000. It has since spread throughout the basin and has been described as the fastest and farthest spreading lessepsian fish migrant ever recorded'. We have used a Rank Proportion Algorithm (RPA) model to predict the theoretical diet composition of F. commersonii in the Bay of Calvi, Corsica. We did so based on potential prey abundances, as well as morphological and behavioural characteristics of both the prey and this novel predator. The 'predicted' diet composition of F. commersonii derived from the RPA analysis was then used as input to an Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) model. This model was used to simulate possible consequences of introducing this invasive species, assuming different rates of expansion of F. commersonii populations in the region. Increases in the F. commersonii population resulted in a marked decline in certain prey types (notably planktivorous fish, Mullus surmuletus and Symphodus tinca). By contrast, seabirds and piscivorous fish were suggested as possible beneficiaries, although this depended heavily on model and scenario assumptions. Overall fisheries catches were projected to increase, and this reflected an anticipated 'bottom up' increase in piscivorous fish that are the main target of the commercial fishery in the Bay of Calvi region. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pinnegar, John K.] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Tomczak, Maciej T.] Stockholm Univ, Balt Nest Inst, Stockholm Resilience Ctr, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Link, Jason S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pinnegar, JK (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft Lab, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. EM john.pinnegar@cefas.co.uk FU UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) [MF1228] FX The authors would like to thank members of the ICES Working Group on Multispecies Assessment Methods (WGSAM), where this work was presented and devised. JKP would like to thank the EU FP7 project VECTORS, as well as the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) project MF1228 "Linking Physics-to-Fisheries Management" under which some of the analysis was conducted. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 9 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD JAN 24 PY 2014 VL 272 BP 379 EP 387 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmode1.2013.09.027 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 275WW UT WOS:000328710900033 ER PT J AU Baumann-Pickering, S Roch, MA Brownell, RL Simonis, AE McDonald, MA Solsona-Berga, A Oleson, EM Wiggins, SM Hildebrand, JA AF Baumann-Pickering, Simone Roch, Marie A. Brownell, Robert L., Jr. Simonis, Anne E. McDonald, Mark A. Solsona-Berga, Alba Oleson, Erin M. Wiggins, Sean M. Hildebrand, John A. TI Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Beaked Whale Echolocation Signals in the North Pacific SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; ZIPHIUS-CAVIROSTRIS; MESOPLODON-DENSIROSTRIS; INDOPACETUS-PACIFICUS; CROSS-SEAMOUNT; KILLER WHALES; ISLANDS; POPULATIONS; STRANDINGS; CALIFORNIA AB At least ten species of beaked whales inhabit the North Pacific, but little is known about their abundance, ecology, and behavior, as they are elusive and difficult to distinguish visually at sea. Six of these species produce known species-specific frequency modulated (FM) echolocation pulses: Baird's, Blainville's, Cuvier's, Deraniyagala's, Longman's, and Stejneger's beaked whales. Additionally, one described FM pulse (BWC) from Cross Seamount, Hawai'i, and three unknown FM pulse types (BW40, BW43, BW70) have been identified from almost 11 cumulative years of autonomous recordings at 24 sites throughout the North Pacific. Most sites had a dominant FM pulse type with other types being either absent or limited. There was not a strong seasonal influence on the occurrence of these signals at any site, but longer time series may reveal smaller, consistent fluctuations. Only the species producing BWC signals, detected throughout the Pacific Islands region, consistently showed a diel cycle with nocturnal foraging. By comparing stranding and sighting information with acoustic findings, we hypothesize that BWC signals are produced by ginkgo-toothed beaked whales. BW43 signal encounters were restricted to Southern California and may be produced by Perrin's beaked whale, known only from Californian waters. BW70 signals were detected in the southern Gulf of California, which is prime habitat for Pygmy beaked whales. Hubb's beaked whale may have produced the BW40 signals encountered off central and southern California; however, these signals were also recorded off Pearl and Hermes Reef and Wake Atoll, which are well south of their known range. C1 [Baumann-Pickering, Simone; Roch, Marie A.; Simonis, Anne E.; Solsona-Berga, Alba; Wiggins, Sean M.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Roch, Marie A.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Brownell, Robert L., Jr.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA USA. [McDonald, Mark A.] WhaleAcoustics, Bellvue, CO USA. [Solsona-Berga, Alba] Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. [Oleson, Erin M.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Baumann-Pickering, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sbaumann@ucsd.edu FU United States Office of Naval Research; United States Navy Living Marine Resources; United States Pacific Fleet; Pacific Life Foundation; Naval Postgraduate School; Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX Funding provided by United States Office of Naval Research, M. Weise (http://www.onr.navy.mil/en/Science-Technology/Departments/Code-32/All-P rograms/Atmosphere-Research-322/Marine-Mammals-Biology.aspx), United States Navy Living Marine Resources, B. Gisiner and F. Stone (http://www.lmr.navy.mil), United States Pacific Fleet, C. Johnson (https://portal.navfac.navy.mil), Pacific Life Foundation, B. Haskell (http://www.pacificlife.com/PL/FoundationCommunity/Overview/Corp_PLF_Hom e.htm), Ocean Foundation, M. Spaulding (http://www.oceanfdn.org), Naval Postgraduate School, C. Collins and J. Joseph (http://www.nps.edu) and Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cetacean). The funders (except for PIFSC, EMO) had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 98 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 22 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e86072 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0086072 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 297VL UT WOS:000330283100103 PM 24465877 ER PT J AU Snow, M Weber, M Machol, J Viereck, R Richard, E AF Snow, Martin Weber, Mark Machol, Janet Viereck, Rodney Richard, Erik TI Comparison of Magnesium II core-to-wing ratio observations during solar minimum 23/24 SO JOURNAL OF SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE solar activity; UV flux; solar cycle ID INDEX; IRRADIANCE; VARIABILITY; MONITOR; DESIGN; SORCE AB The MgII index is an important proxy for solar activity; in particular it correlates well with the EUV which is important for understanding the upper atmosphere. We compare the measurements from all of the instruments making daily measurements during the most recent solar minimum. After adjustments to the data to account for instrumental effects, we find that there are still some discrepancies between the various time series. The data from the primary channel of the SOLar-STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) on SORCE requires a correction factor starting in early 2006 in order to bring it into agreement with the redundant SOLSTICE channel and with the other datasets. Once this correction has been applied, all the MgII measurements are in good agreement throughout the solar minimum interval. C1 [Snow, Martin; Richard, Erik] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weber, Mark] Univ Bremen FB1, Inst Environm Phys, D-28334 Bremen, Germany. [Machol, Janet] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Machol, Janet] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Viereck, Rodney] NOAA, SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Snow, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM snow@lasp.colorado.edu RI Weber, Mark/F-1409-2011; Machol, Janet/D-5896-2016; OI Weber, Mark/0000-0001-8217-5450; Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314; SNOW, MARTIN/0000-0001-9106-1332 FU NASA [NNX13AI25A]; European Community [313188] FX This work was supported by NASA Cooperative Agreement NNX13AI25A - Multisatellite Ultraviolet Solar Spectral Irradiance Composite (MUSSIC) - to the University of Colorado. MW acknowledges the partial financial support under grant agreement 313188 (SOLID) from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7 2012). NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 2115-7251 J9 J SPACE WEATHER SPAC JI J. Space Weather Space Clim. PD JAN 21 PY 2014 VL 4 AR A04 DI 10.1051/swsc/2014001 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AU8KT UT WOS:000345846200001 ER PT J AU Curry, JJ Estupinan, EG Lapatovich, WP Henins, A Shastri, SD Hardis, JE Gibbs, JM AF Curry, J. J. Estupinan, E. G. Lapatovich, W. P. Henins, A. Shastri, S. D. Hardis, J. E. Gibbs, J. M. TI Study of CeI3 evaporation in the presence of group 13 metal-iodides SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VAPORS AB The influences of GaI3, InI, and TlI on the evaporation characteristics of CeI3 have been studied over the temperature range 900K to 1400K using x-ray induced fluorescence. The total vapor densities, summed over all atomic and molecular species, of Ce, I, In, and Tl were obtained. Measurements of Ce were limited to temperatures above 1033 K, the melting temperature of CeI3. This is the highest temperature range for which measurements of the vapor pressure of CeI3 have been made. The vapor pressure of the CeI3 monomer above the pure CeI3 salt for temperatures exceeding its melting point can be approximated by log(10)p/Pa = 11.24(+/- 0.03) - 10, 690(+/- 40) (T/K)(-1) where the numbers in parentheses are standard uncertainties. InI and TlI were shown to modestly enhance the presence of Ce in the vapor phase, up to a factor of 5. GaI3 produced no enhancement in this temperature range. Numerical simulations of the thermochemical equilibrium suggest the importance of both liquid-phase and vapor-phase complexes. Significant improvement to the method of absolute calibration is discussed. C1 [Curry, J. J.; Lapatovich, W. P.; Henins, A.; Hardis, J. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Estupinan, E. G.; Gibbs, J. M.] OSRAM SYLVANIA Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. [Shastri, S. D.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Henins, A.] Henins Enterprises, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjcurry@nist.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Ali Mashayekhi and Roger Ranay of the Advanced Photon Source for their help on the beamline; Nick Guise of NIST for computer programming; and Joanne Browne, Victor Perez, Jeff Neil, Michael Quilici, and John Kelso of OSRAM SYLVANIA, Inc., for cell preparation; NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 3 AR 034509 DI 10.1063/1.4862041 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AI9WU UT WOS:000337296400003 ER PT J AU Matan, K Nambu, Y Zhao, Y Sato, TJ Fukumoto, Y Ono, T Tanaka, H Broholm, C Podlesnyak, A Ehlers, G AF Matan, K. Nambu, Y. Zhao, Y. Sato, T. J. Fukumoto, Y. Ono, T. Tanaka, H. Broholm, C. Podlesnyak, A. Ehlers, G. TI Ghost modes and continuum scattering in the dimerized distorted kagome lattice antiferromagnet Rb2Cu3SnF12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; EXCITATIONS; STATES AB High-intensity pulsed neutron scattering reveals a new set of magnetic excitations in the pinwheel valence-bond solid state of the distorted kagome lattice antiferromagnet Rb2Cu3SnF12. The polarization of the dominant dispersive modes (2 meV < (h) over bar omega < 7 meV) is determined and found consistent with a dimer series expansion with strong Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (D/J = 0.18). A weakly dispersive mode near 5 meV and shifted "ghosts" of the main modes are attributed to the enlarged unit cell below a T = 215 K structural transition. Continuum scattering between 8 and 10 meV might be interpreted as a remnant of the kagome spinon continuum [Nature (London) 492, 406 (2012).]. C1 [Matan, K.] Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Matan, K.] Commiss Higher Educ, ThEP, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. [Nambu, Y.; Sato, T. J.] Tohoku Univ, IMRAM, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zhao, Y.; Broholm, C.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fukumoto, Y.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Noda, Chiba 2788510, Japan. [Ono, T.] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Sch Sci, Dept Phys Sci, Sakai, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Tanaka, H.] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1528551, Japan. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Broholm, C.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Broholm, C.; Podlesnyak, A.; Ehlers, G.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Matan, K (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM kittiwit.mat@mahidol.ac.th; tanaka@lee.phys.titech.ac.jp RI Nambu, Yusuke/C-3863-2012; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Podlesnyak, Andrey/A-5593-2013 OI Nambu, Yusuke/0000-0003-1167-7124; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Podlesnyak, Andrey/0000-0001-9366-6319 FU Thailand Research Fund [MRG55800]; JPS [23244072, 24740223, 23540395]; Global COE Program; MEXT Japan; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX The work was supported in part by the Thailand Research Fund under Grant No. MRG55800, a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from JPS (Grants No. 23244072, No. 24740223, and No. 23540395) and a Global COE Program funded by MEXT Japan. Work at the Institute for Quantum Matter was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award DE-FG02-08ER46544. The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 21 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 024414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.024414 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC0ZH UT WOS:000332223500004 ER PT J AU Snyder, CR Guttman, CM Di Marzio, EA AF Snyder, Chad R. Guttman, Charles M. Di Marzio, Edmund A. TI Exact solution of the thermodynamics and size parameters of a polymer confined to a lattice of finite size: Large chain limit SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-THEORY; ADSORPTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; SURFACE; MACROMOLECULES; ARCHITECTURE; MOLECULES; MODEL AB We extend the exact solutions of the Di Marzio-Rubin matrix method for the thermodynamic properties, including chain density, of a linear polymer molecule confined to walk on a lattice of finite size. Our extensions enable (a) the use of higher dimensions (explicit 2D and 3D lattices), (b) lattice boundaries of arbitrary shape, and (c) the flexibility to allow each monomer to have its own energy of attraction for each lattice site. In the case of the large chain limit, we demonstrate how periodic boundary conditions can also be employed to reduce computation time. Advantages to this method include easy definition of chemical and physical structure (or surface roughness) of the lattice and site-specific monomer-specific energetics, and straightforward relatively fast computations. We show the usefulness and ease of implementation of this extension by examining the effect of energy variation along the lattice walls of an infinite rectangular cylinder with the idea of studying the changes in properties caused by chemical inhomogeneities on the surface of the box. Herein, we look particularly at the polymer density profile as a function of temperature in the confined region for very long polymers. One particularly striking result is the shift in the critical condition for adsorption due to surface energy inhomogeneities and the length scale of the inhomogeneities; an observation that could have important implications for polymer chromatography. Our method should have applications to both copolymers and biopolymers of arbitrary molar mass. C1 [Snyder, Chad R.; Guttman, Charles M.; Di Marzio, Edmund A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Di Marzio, Edmund A.] Biopoly Phase, Rockville, MD 20853 USA. RP Snyder, CR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chad.snyder@nist.gov; charles.guttman@nist.gov; edmund.dimarzio@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 21 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 3 AR 034905 DI 10.1063/1.4857355 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 302OM UT WOS:000330614400058 PM 25669412 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Mulhearn, WD Huang, YR Lee, JH Lee, D Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Mulhearn, William D. Huang, Yun-Ru Lee, Jung-Hyun Lee, Daeyeon Stafford, Christopher M. TI Tailoring the Permselectivity of Water Desalination Membranes via Nanoparticle Assembly SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-OSMOSIS MEMBRANES; FOULING RESISTANCE; LAYER DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; NANOFILTRATION; PERFORMANCE; MULTILAYERS AB Thin film composite membranes can selectively separate mono- and divalent ions from water via solution-diffusion of each species through a dense but ultrathin, highly cross-linked polymer "skin" layer; water is transported across the membrane faster than associated salts. Changing the selectivity of the "skin" layer typically requires adjusting the monomer chemistries that make up the polymer "skin" layer, but doing so also impacts a host of other membrane properties. Here, we employ electrostatic layer-by-layer deposition of inorganic nanoparticles to enhance the permselectivity of an existing commercial nanofiltration membrane. We chose this approach because it is simple and robust and does not require any change to the underlying chemistry of the thin film composite (TFC) membrane. We found that a single layer of nanoparticles was sufficient to increase the permselectivity of the membrane by nearly 50%, compared to the virgin TFC membrane. In order to understand the mechanism for permselectivity enhancement, we developed a modified solution-diffusion model to account for the additional hydraulic resistance of the nanoparticle layer, which Can faithfully capture the effect of nanoparticle layer thickness on the observed water and salt flux of the modified TFC membrane. C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mulhearn, William D.; Huang, Yun-Ru; Lee, Daeyeon] Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Lee, Jung-Hyun] KIST, Ctr Mat Architecturing, Seoul 136791, South Korea. RP Lee, D (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 220 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM daeyeon@seas.upenn.edu; chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Lee, Jung-Hyun/H-1096-2011 FU NSF CAREER Award [DMR-1055594]; KIST [2.E23900] FX D.L., W.D.M., and Y.R.H. were supported by NSF CAREER Award (DMR-1055594). We also acknowledge the Laboratory for Research on the Structure of Matter at the University of Pennsylvania (MRSEC NSF DMR11-20901) for instrument support. J.-H.L. acknowledges the support by the KIST institutional program (Project No. 2.E23900). NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 61 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JAN 21 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 611 EP 616 DI 10.1021/la403718x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 296RU UT WOS:000330203900021 PM 24392824 ER PT J AU Dulvy, NK Fowler, SL Musick, JA Cavanagh, RD Kyne, PM Harrison, LR Carlson, JK Davidson, LNK Fordham, SV Francis, MP Pollock, CM Simpfendorfer, CA Burgess, GH Carpenter, KE Compagno, LJV Ebert, DA Gibson, C Heupel, MR Livingstone, SR Sanciangco, JC Stevens, JD Valenti, S White, WT AF Dulvy, Nicholas K. Fowler, Sarah L. Musick, John A. Cavanagh, Rachel D. Kyne, Peter M. Harrison, Lucy R. Carlson, John K. Davidson, Lindsay N. K. Fordham, Sonja V. Francis, Malcolm P. Pollock, Caroline M. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. Burgess, George H. Carpenter, Kent E. Compagno, Leonard J. V. Ebert, David A. Gibson, Claudine Heupel, Michelle R. Livingstone, Suzanne R. Sanciangco, Jonnell C. Stevens, John D. Valenti, Sarah White, William T. TI Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays SO ELIFE LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE POPULATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; PELAGIC SHARKS; FIN TRADE; FISHERIES; BIODIVERSITY; RECOVERY; PACIFIC AB The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes-sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world's ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery. C1 [Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Harrison, Lucy R.; Davidson, Lindsay N. K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Species Survival Commiss Shark Specialist Gr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Dulvy, Nicholas K.; Harrison, Lucy R.; Davidson, Lindsay N. K.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Earth Ocean Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Fowler, Sarah L.; Valenti, Sarah] NatureBureau Int, IUCN Species Survival Commiss Shark Specialist Gr, Newbury, Berks, England. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Cavanagh, Rachel D.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Kyne, Peter M.] Charles Darwin Univ, Res Inst Environm & Livelihoods, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL USA. [Fordham, Sonja V.] Ocean Fdn, Shark Advocates Int, Washington, DC USA. [Francis, Malcolm P.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. [Pollock, Caroline M.] Int Union Conservat Nat, Global Species Programme, Cambridge, England. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Ctr Sustainable Trop Fisheries & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Simpfendorfer, Colin A.] James Cook Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Burgess, George H.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL USA. [Carpenter, Kent E.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] Old Dominion Univ, IUCN Species Programme Species Survival Commiss, Norfolk, VA USA. [Carpenter, Kent E.; Sanciangco, Jonnell C.] Old Dominion Univ, Conservat Int Global Marine Species Assessment, Norfolk, VA USA. [Compagno, Leonard J. V.] S African Museum, Shark Res Ctr, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. [Ebert, David A.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Shark Res Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Heupel, Michelle R.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Livingstone, Suzanne R.] Conservat Int, IUCN Species Programme, Biodivers Assessment Unit, Arlington, VA USA. [Sanciangco, Jonnell C.; White, William T.] CSIRO, Hobart, Tas, Australia. RP Dulvy, NK (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, IUCN Species Survival Commiss Shark Specialist Gr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. EM dulvy@sfu.ca RI White, William/B-9748-2009; Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011; CSTFA, ResearcherID/P-1067-2014; OI White, William/0000-0001-9705-2453; Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238; Dulvy, Nicholas/0000-0002-4295-9725 FU Conservation International; Packard Foundation; Save Our Seas Foundation; UK Department of Environment and Rural Affairs; US State Department; Sarah L Fowler US Department of Commerce; Marine Conservation Biology Institute; Pew Marine Fellows Program; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Foundation; Zoological Society of London; Canada Research Chairs Program; Natural Environment Research Council, Canada; Tom Haas and the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation; Oak Foundation; Future of Marine Animal Populations, Census of Marine Life; IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperatio; UK Joint Nature Conservation Committee; National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth UK; New England Aquarium Marine Conservation Fund; UK Sarah L Fowler Chester Zoo; Ocean Program Sarah L Fowler WildCRU; Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, University of Oxford; UK Sarah L Fowler Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, University of Miami Sarah L Fowler; Flying Sharks FX Conservation International Sarah L Fowler; Packard Foundation Sarah L Fowler; Save Our Seas Foundation Nicholas K Dulvy; UK Department of Environment and Rural Affairs Sarah L Fowler; US State Department Nicholas K Dulvy,; Sarah L Fowler US Department of Commerce Nicholas K Dulvy; Marine Conservation Biology Institute Sarah L Fowler; Pew Marine Fellows Program Sarah L Fowler; Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Foundation Nicholas K Dulvy; Zoological Society of London Nicholas K Dulvy; Canada Research Chairs Program Nicholas K Dulvy; Natural Environment Research Council, Canada Nicholas K Dulvy; Tom Haas and the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation Sarah L Fowler; Oak Foundation Sarah L Fowler; Future of Marine Animal Populations, Census of Marine Life Sarah L Fowler; IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation Sarah L Fowler; UK Joint Nature Conservation Committee Sarah L Fowler; National Marine Aquarium, Plymouth UK Sarah L Fowler; New England Aquarium Marine Conservation Fund Sarah L Fowler; The Deep, Hull, UK Sarah L Fowler Blue Planet Aquarium,; UK Sarah L Fowler Chester Zoo,; UK Nicholas K Dulvy, Sarah L Fowler Lenfest; Ocean Program Sarah L Fowler WildCRU,; Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, University of Oxford,; UK Sarah L Fowler Institute for Ocean Conservation Science, University of Miami Sarah L Fowler; Flying Sharks NR 132 TC 218 Z9 224 U1 40 U2 336 PU ELIFE SCIENCES PUBLICATIONS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA SHERATON HOUSE, CASTLE PARK, CAMBRIDGE, CB3 0AX, ENGLAND SN 2050-084X J9 ELIFE JI eLife PD JAN 21 PY 2014 VL 3 AR e00590 DI 10.7554/eLife.00590 PG 34 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 296GG UT WOS:000330172600001 PM 24448405 ER PT J AU Ranitovic, P Hogle, CW Riviere, P Palacios, A Tong, XM Toshima, N Gonzalez-Castrillo, A Martin, L Martin, F Murnane, MM Kapteyn, H AF Ranitovic, Predrag Hogle, Craig W. Riviere, Paula Palacios, Alicia Tong, Xiao-Ming Toshima, Nobuyuki Gonzalez-Castrillo, Alberto Martin, Leigh Martin, Fernando Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry TI Attosecond vacuum UV coherent control of molecular dynamics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE chemical dynamics; electron dynamics; ultrafast ID LASER CONTROL; 2-PHOTON TRANSITIONS; DOUBLE-SLIT; PHOTOIONIZATION; H-2; INTERFERENCES; DISSOCIATION; GENERATION; PULSES AB High harmonic light sources make it possible to access attosecond timescales, thus opening up the prospect of manipulating electronic wave packets for steering molecular dynamics. However, two decades after the birth of attosecond physics, the concept of attosecond chemistry has not yet been realized; this is because excitation and manipulation of molecular orbitals requires precisely controlled attosecond waveforms in the deep UV, which have not yet been synthesized. Here, we present a unique approach using attosecond vacuum UV pulse-trains to coherently excite and control the outcome of a simple chemical reaction in a deuterium molecule in a non-Born-Oppenheimer regime. By controlling the interfering pathways of electron wave packets in the excited neutral and singly ionized molecule, we unambiguously show that we can switch the excited electronic state on attosecond timescales, coherently guide the nuclear wave packets to dictate the way a neutral molecule vibrates, and steer and manipulate the ionization and dissociation channels. Furthermore, through advanced theory, we succeed in rigorously modeling multiscale electron and nuclear quantum control in a molecule. The observed richness and complexity of the dynamics, even in this very simplest of molecules, is both remarkable and daunting, and presents intriguing new possibilities for bridging the gap between attosecond physics and attochemistry. C1 [Ranitovic, Predrag; Hogle, Craig W.; Martin, Leigh; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, Predrag; Hogle, Craig W.; Martin, Leigh; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ranitovic, Predrag; Hogle, Craig W.; Martin, Leigh; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tong, Xiao-Ming; Toshima, Nobuyuki] Univ Tsukuba, Div Mat Sci, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058573, Japan. [Riviere, Paula; Palacios, Alicia; Gonzalez-Castrillo, Alberto; Martin, Fernando] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Dept Quim, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Ranitovic, Predrag] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Martin, Fernando] IMDEA Nanosci, Inst Madrileno Estudios Avanzados Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain. RP Murnane, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM murnane@jila.colorado.edu RI Tong, Xiao-Min/A-2748-2011; Martin, Fernando/C-3972-2014; Riviere, Paula/L-7373-2014; Xlic, Cost/N-2439-2014; Palacios, Alicia/J-6823-2012 OI Tong, Xiao-Min/0000-0003-4898-3491; Martin, Fernando/0000-0002-7529-925X; Riviere, Paula/0000-0002-8866-5845; Palacios, Alicia/0000-0001-6531-9926 FU Army Research Office; National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center; European Research Council Advanced Grant [XCHEM 290853]; European Marie Curie Reintegration Grant [ATTOTREND]; European COST Actions [CM0702, CM1204]; European Initial Training Network CORINF, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Project (Spain) [FIS2010-15127, CSD 2007-00010]; ERA-Chemistry Project [PIM2010EEC-00751]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [C24540421]; HA-PACS (Highly Accelerated Parallel Advanced system for Computational Sciences) FX The experimental work was performed at JILA with support from the Army Research Office and the National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center. The theoretical work was supported by the European Research Council Advanced Grant XCHEM 290853, European Marie Curie Reintegration Grant ATTOTREND, European COST Actions CM0702 and CM1204, European Initial Training Network CORINF, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion Projects FIS2010-15127 and CSD 2007-00010 (Spain), and ERA-Chemistry Project PIM2010EEC-00751. X.-M.T. was supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research C24540421 and HA-PACS (Highly Accelerated Parallel Advanced system for Computational Sciences) Project for advanced interdisciplinary computational sciences by exascale computing technology. NR 29 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 7 U2 60 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 21 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 3 BP 912 EP 917 DI 10.1073/pnas.1321999111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 292UQ UT WOS:000329928400025 PM 24395768 ER PT J AU Nazarian, A Presser, C AF Nazarian, Ashot Presser, Cary TI Forensic analysis methodology for thermal and chemical characterization of homemade explosives SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Ammonium nitrate; Homemade explosives; Forensic analysis; Laser-driven thermal reactor; Nitromethane; Thermal/chemical signatures ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; DECOMPOSITION; PHASE AB Forensic identification of homemade explosives is critical for determining the origin of the explosive materials and precursors, and formulation procedures. Normally, the forensic examination of the pre- and post-blast physical evidence lacks specificity for homemade-explosive identification. The focus of this investigation was to use a novel measurement technique, referred to as the laser-driven thermal reactor, to obtain the thermal/chemical signatures of homemade-explosive precursor materials. Specifically, nitromethane and ammonium nitrate were studied under a variety of operating conditions and protocols. Results indicated that liquid-fuel saturation of the internal pores of a solid particle oxidizer appear to be a limiting parameter for the total specific heat release during exothermic processes. Results also indicated that the thermal signatures of these materials are dependent on sample mass and heating rate, for which this dependency may not be detectable by other commercially available thermal analysis techniques. This study has demonstpted that the laser-driven thermal reactor can be a useful diagnostic tool for characterizing the thermal and chemical behavior of trace amounts of homemade-explosive materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nazarian, Ashot; Presser, Cary] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Presser, C (reprint author), NIST, Bldg 221,Rm B310,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cpresser@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards; NIST Chemical Science Division FX This work was supported, in part, by the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards and the NIST Chemical Science Division. The authors would like to thank Dr. K. Yeager (FBI Lab) for the technical discussions. NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 576 BP 60 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2013.10.036 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA AA2HR UT WOS:000330916200009 ER PT J AU Hafezi, M AF Hafezi, M. TI SYNTHETIC GAUGE FIELDS WITH PHOTONS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article DE Topological orders; strongly interacting photons; quantum Hall physics ID SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; TOPOLOGICAL INSULATORS; QUANTUM-SYSTEMS; POLARITONS; CAVITY; PHASE; DOT AB In this article, we review the recent progress in the implementation of synthetic gauge fields for photons and the investigation of new photonic phenomena, such as nonequilibrium quantum Hall physics. In the first part, we discuss the implementation of magnetic-like Hamiltonians in coupled resonator systems and provide a pedagogical connection between the transfer matrix approach and the couple mode theory to evaluate the system Hamiltonian. In the second part, we discuss the investigation of nonequilibrium fractional quantum Hall physics in photonic systems. In particular, we show that driven strongly interacting photons exhibit interesting many-body behaviors which can be probed using the conventional optical measurement techniques. C1 Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hafezi, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM hafezi@umd.edu RI Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 NR 42 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 14 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 EI 1793-6578 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD JAN 20 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 2 SI SI AR 1441002 DI 10.1142/S0217979214410021 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 271DL UT WOS:000328371100003 ER PT J AU Levin, I Krayzman, V Woicik, JC AF Levin, Igor Krayzman, Victor Woicik, Joseph C. TI Local structure in perovskite (Ba,Sr)TiO3: Reverse Monte Carlo refinements from multiple measurement techniques SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID BATIO3 AB Local and average structures of ceramic Ba1-xSrxTiO3 solid solutions have been reconciled using Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) refinements of atomic positions that employ simultaneous fitting of neutron total scattering data, x-ray absorption fine structure, and patterns of diffuse scattering in electron diffraction. These refinements enable explicit reconstruction of three-dimensional atomic configurations without any effective parameters. The results reveal cube- and parallelepiped-shaped probability density distributions for Ti atoms in the cubic and tetragonal phases of BaTiO3, respectively. These distributions are consistent with the split Ti sites (eight for the cubic and four for the tetragonal polymorphs) separated by approximate to 0.2 angstrom. The characters of Ti distributions are retained in the solid solutions, but the magnitude of Ti off-centering decreases as x increases. The Ti displacements remain correlated along the octahedral chains, at least up to x = 0.5, as manifested in the sheets of diffuse scattering in electron diffraction patterns; the correlation parameters and lengths have been quantified using RMC analyses. The ion-size difference between Ba and Sr is accommodated through the approximately isotropic relaxation of the oxygen atoms, which shift toward Sr; a similar relaxation is observed for the Ti atoms. Local Ti off-centering diminishes as the number of Sr atoms in the coordination groups [TiOxBa8-nSrn] increases. C1 [Levin, Igor; Krayzman, Victor; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov FU Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX This work has benefited from the use of the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by the Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. Portions of this research were carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NIST beamline X23A2), Brookhaven National Laboratory, supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. The authors are grateful to J. Siewenie (LANL) for technical assistance with the neutron scattering measurements. NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN 17 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 2 AR 024106 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.024106 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AC0YQ UT WOS:000332221800001 ER PT J AU D'Asaro, EA Thomson, J Shcherbina, AY Harcourt, RR Cronin, MF Hemer, MA Fox-Kemper, B AF D'Asaro, E. A. Thomson, J. Shcherbina, A. Y. Harcourt, R. R. Cronin, M. F. Hemer, M. A. Fox-Kemper, B. TI Quantifying upper ocean turbulence driven by surface waves SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Langmuir circulations; mixing; turbulence; ocean boundary layer; surface waves ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; AIR-SEA FLUXES; LANGMUIR CIRCULATION; MIXED-LAYER; LAGRANGIAN FLOATS; KINETIC-ENERGY; BUBBLE CLOUDS; WIND; PARAMETERIZATION; DISSIPATION AB Nearly all operational ocean models use air-sea fluxes and the ocean shear and stratification to estimate upper ocean boundary layer mixing rates. This approach implicitly parameterizes surface wave effects in terms of these inputs. Here we test this assumption using parallel experiments in a lake with small waves and in the open ocean with much bigger waves. Under the same wind stress and adjusting for buoyancy flux, we find the mixed layer average turbulent vertical kinetic energy in the open ocean typically twice that in the lake. The increase is consistent with models of Langmuir turbulence, in which the wave Stokes drift, and not wave breaking, is the dominant mechanism by which waves energize turbulence in the mixed layer. Applying these same theories globally, we find enhanced mixing and deeper mixed layers resulting from the inclusion of Langmuir turbulence in the boundary layer parameterization, especially in the Southern Ocean. Key Points Mixed layer turbulence is stronger in ocean than in lake for same air-sea flux The extra turbulence is due to larger surface waves in the ocean Langmuir circulation theories explain most of the observed difference C1 [D'Asaro, E. A.; Thomson, J.; Shcherbina, A. Y.; Harcourt, R. R.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [D'Asaro, E. A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Thomson, J.] Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Cronin, M. F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Hemer, M. A.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Fox-Kemper, B.] Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. RP D'Asaro, EA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM dasaro@apl.washington.edu RI Hemer, Mark/M-1905-2013; Fox-Kemper, Baylor/A-1159-2007 OI Hemer, Mark/0000-0002-7725-3474; Fox-Kemper, Baylor/0000-0002-2871-2048 NR 37 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 BP 102 EP 107 DI 10.1002/2013GL058193 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JL UT WOS:000332990200018 ER PT J AU Rossby, T Flagg, CN Donohue, K Sanchez-Franks, A Lillibridge, J AF Rossby, T. Flagg, C. N. Donohue, K. Sanchez-Franks, A. Lillibridge, J. TI On the long- term stability of Gulf Streamtransport based on 20 years of direct measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Gulf Stream transport; interannual variability; long-term trend; ADCP; repeat measurement ID SEA-LEVEL RISE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; ATLANTIC COAST; STREAM; VARIABILITY; TRANSPORT; OCEAN AB In contrast to recent claims of a Gulf Stream slowdown, two decades of directly measured velocity across the current show no evidence of a decrease. Using a well-constrained definition of Gulf Stream width, the linear least square fit yields a mean surface layer transport of 1.35 x 10(5) m(2)s(-1) with a 0.13% negative trend per year. Assuming geostrophy, this corresponds to a mean cross-stream sea level difference of 1.17m, with sea level decreasing 0.03m over the 20year period. This is not significant at the 95% confidence level, and it is a factor of 2-4 less than that alleged from accelerated sea level rise along the U.S. Coast north of Cape Hatteras. Part of the disparity can be traced to the spatial complexity of altimetric sea level trends over the same period. Key Points Vessel-mounted ADCPs measure currents and transport accurately Gulf Stream shows no weakening unlike recent assertions in literature Clear need for more comprehensive measurements of ocean currents C1 [Rossby, T.; Donohue, K.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Flagg, C. N.; Sanchez-Franks, A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Lillibridge, J.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, College Pk, MD USA. RP Rossby, T (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. EM trossby@gso.uri.edu RI Lillibridge, John/F-5606-2010; OI Lillibridge, John/0000-0001-9102-171X; Sanchez-Franks, Alejandra/0000-0002-4831-5461 NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1002/2013GL058636 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JL UT WOS:000332990200020 ER PT J AU Parsons, LA Yin, JJ Overpeck, JT Stouffer, RJ Malyshev, S AF Parsons, Luke A. Yin, Jianjun Overpeck, Jonathan T. Stouffer, Ronald J. Malyshev, Sergey TI Influence of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation on the monsoon rainfall and carbon balance of the American tropics SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE Amazonia; Atlantic; precipitation; freshening; hosing; carbon ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; AMAZON BASIN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SYSTEM; MODELS; FOREST; OCEAN; FORMULATION AB We examine the response of the American Tropics to changes in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) strength using a set of water-hosing experiments with an Earth system model that explicitly simulates the global and regional carbon cycle. We find that a moderate weakening (27%) of the AMOC, induced by a 0.1Sv (1Sv10(6)m(3)s(-1)) freshwater addition in the northern North Atlantic, drives small but statistically significant drying in the South American monsoon region. By contrast, a complete shutdown of the AMOC, induced by a 1.0Sv freshwater addition, acts to considerably shift the ITCZ southward, which changes the seasonal cycle of precipitation over Amazonia. Our results indicate that AMOC weakening can have a significant impact on the terrestrial primary productivity and carbon storage of the American Tropics. Key Points AMOC changes drive precipitation change in Central and northern South America Changes in AMOC shift carbon storage and the timing of the Amazonian monsoon Decreased seasonality of rainfall changes carbon storage in the tropics C1 [Parsons, Luke A.; Yin, Jianjun; Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Stouffer, Ronald J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Malyshev, Sergey] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Yin, JJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM Yin@email.arizona.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1002/2013GL058454 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD1JL UT WOS:000332990200025 ER PT J AU Yong, B Chen, B Gourley, JJ Ren, LL Hong, Y Chen, X Wang, WG Chen, S Gong, LY AF Yong, Bin Chen, Bo Gourley, Jonathan J. Ren, Liliang Hong, Yang Chen, Xi Wang, Weiguang Chen, Sheng Gong, Luyan TI Intercomparison of the Version-6 and Version-7 TMPA precipitation products over high and low latitudes basins with independent gauge networks: Is the newer version better in both real-time and post-real-time analysis for water resources and hydrologic extremes? SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Satellite precipitation; TMPA; Rainfall; Hydrologic application ID SATELLITE; RAINFALL; TRMM; SCALES; RADAR AB The TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) system underwent an important upgrade in early 2013, at which the newest Version-7 TMPA products were formally released. In this study, the TMPA successive versions, original Version-6 and current Version-7, were evaluated and intercompared by using independent gauge observation networks for a 7-yr (2003-09) period over two representative basins in China at different latitude bands. The TMPA products studied are the Version-6 and Version-7 real-time 3B42RT estimates (RTV6 and RTV7) and post-real-time 3B42 estimates (V6 and V7). Assessments indicate that RTV7 represents a substantial improvement over RTV6 with respect to the systematic bias in the low-latitude Mishui basin, reaching similar accuracy levels as with the gauge-adjusted research products. But, such improvement was not found in the high-latitude Laohahe basin, suggesting that the current Version 7 TMPA real-time estimates still have much room for improvement at high latitudes. On the other hand, the post-real-time research product V7, which is expected to provide better precipitation information for water resources management in ungauged regions, generally outperforms V6 over both gauged basins and has the best performance among the four standard TMPA estimates. The seasonal analyses show that the new Version-7 algorithm notably reduces the bias between TMPA and observations during winter months for the low-latitude Mishui basin, but fails to effectively alleviate the serious overestimation for winter precipitation occurring in the high-latitude Laohahe basin. The study also reveals that all the TMPA products significantly underestimate high rain rates over the Mishui basin, especially for strong typhoon events during summer. Thus, caution should be exercised when applying the current Version-7 TMPA products for simulation and prediction of hydrologic extremes associated with heavy rainfall, such as floods or landslides. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yong, Bin; Ren, Liliang; Chen, Xi; Wang, Weiguang; Gong, Luyan] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yong, Bin] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Meteorol Disaster, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yong, Bin; Chen, Bo] Hohai Univ, Sch Earth Sci & Engn, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Gourley, Jonathan J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Hong, Yang; Chen, Sheng] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Yong, B (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrol Water Resources & Hydraul En, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM yongbin_hhu@126.com RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Yong, Bin/C-2257-2014 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; Yong, Bin/0000-0003-1466-2091 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51379056, 51190090]; Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology [KLME1207]; 111 Project [B08048]; Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK2012813]; Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science [OFSLRSS201317]; State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science [2012B091]; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering [2012490111] FX This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51379056, 51190090) and Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (KLME1207). Also this work is partially sponsored by the 111 Project (B08048), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK2012813), Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science (OFSLRSS201317), State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science (2012B091), and State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering (2012490111). Comments and suggestions from anonymous reviewers and assistant editor are acknowledged. NR 30 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 EI 1879-2707 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 508 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.050 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AB9SI UT WOS:000332135600007 ER PT J AU Wang, QQ Jacob, DJ Spackman, JR Perring, AE Schwarz, JP Moteki, N Marais, EA Ge, C Wang, J Barrett, SRH AF Wang, Qiaoqiao Jacob, Daniel J. Spackman, J. Ryan Perring, Anne E. Schwarz, Joshua P. Moteki, Nobuhiro Marais, Eloise A. Ge, Cui Wang, Jun Barrett, Steven R. H. TI Global budget and radiative forcing of black carbon aerosol: Constraints from pole-to-pole (HIPPO) observations across the Pacific SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE black carbon; aerosol; absorbing aerosol optical depth; radiative forcing; HIPPO ID UNITED-STATES; VERTICAL PROFILES; WET DEPOSITION; MODEL; TRANSPORT; EMISSIONS; SIMULATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; ECHAM5-HAM; ABSORPTION AB We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret aircraft curtain observations of black carbon (BC) aerosol over the Pacific from 85 degrees N to 67 degrees S during the 2009-2011 HIAPER (High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research) Pole-to-Pole Observations (HIPPO) campaigns. Observed concentrations are very low, implying much more efficient scavenging than is usually implemented in models. Our simulation with a global source of 6.5 Tg a(-1) and mean tropospheric lifetime of 4.2days (versus 6.81.8days for the Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models (AeroCom) models) successfully simulates BC concentrations in source regions and continental outflow and captures the principal features of the HIPPO data but is still higher by a factor of 2 (1.48 for column loads) over the Pacific. It underestimates BC absorbing aerosol optical depths (AAODs) from the Aerosol Robotic Network by 32% on a global basis. Only 8.7% of global BC loading in GEOS-Chem is above 5km, versus 2111% for the AeroCom models, with important implications for radiative forcing estimates. Our simulation yields a global BC burden of 77 Gg, a global mean BC AAOD of 0.0017, and a top-of-atmosphere direct radiative forcing (TOA DRF) of 0.19Wm(-2), with a range of 0.17-0.31Wm(-2) based on uncertainties in the BC atmospheric distribution. Our TOA DRF is lower than previous estimates (0.270.06Wm(-2) in AeroCom, 0.65-0.9Wm(-2) in more recent studies). We argue that these previous estimates are biased high because of excessive BC concentrations over the oceans and in the free troposphere. C1 [Wang, Qiaoqiao; Jacob, Daniel J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Jacob, Daniel J.; Marais, Eloise A.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Spackman, J. Ryan] Sci & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Spackman, J. Ryan] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.] NOAA, Chem Sci Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Perring, Anne E.; Schwarz, Joshua P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moteki, Nobuhiro] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Ge, Cui; Wang, Jun] Univ Nebraska, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. [Barrett, Steven R. H.] MIT, Dept Aeronaut & Astronaut, Lab Aviat & Environm, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Wang, QQ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Pierce Hall,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM wang2@fas.harvard.edu RI schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Wang, Jun/A-2977-2008; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Ge, Cui/I-6353-2016; Wang, Qiaoqiao/M-3884-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Wang, Jun/0000-0002-7334-0490; Marais, Eloise/0000-0001-5477-8051; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Ge, Cui/0000-0002-6182-6856; FU U.S. National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation. NR 73 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 9 U2 49 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 195 EP 206 DI 10.1002/2013JD020824 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2NF UT WOS:000330930600016 ER PT J AU Lapina, K Henze, DK Milford, JB Huang, M Lin, MY Fiore, AM Carmichael, G Pfister, GG Bowman, K AF Lapina, Kateryna Henze, Daven K. Milford, Jana B. Huang, Min Lin, Meiyun Fiore, Arlene M. Carmichael, Greg Pfister, Gabriele G. Bowman, Kevin TI Assessment of source contributions to seasonal vegetative exposure to ozone in the US SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE vegetation exposure; source attribution; surface ozone; ozone impacts ID ADJOINT SENSITIVITY-ANALYSIS; CONTINENTAL UNITED-STATES; RELEVANT BACKGROUND OZONE; AIR-QUALITY; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ASIAN EMISSIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH-AMERICA; GLOBAL-MODEL AB W126 is a cumulative ozone exposure index based on sigmoidally weighted daytime ozone concentrations used to evaluate the impacts of ozone on vegetation. We quantify W126 in the U.S. in the absence of North American anthropogenic emissions (North American background or NAB) using three regional or global chemical transport models for May-July 2010. All models overestimate W126 in the eastern U.S. due to a persistent bias in daytime ozone, while the models are relatively unbiased in California and the Intermountain West. Substantial difference in the magnitude and spatial and temporal variability of the estimates of W126 NAB between models supports the need for a multimodel approach. While the average NAB contribution to daytime ozone in the Intermountain West is 64-78%, the average W126 NAB is only 9-27% of current levels, owing to the weight given to high O-3 concentrations in W126. Based on a three-model mean, NAB explains similar to 30% of the daily variability in the W126 daily index in the Intermountain West. Adjoint sensitivity analysis shows that nationwide W126 is influenced most by NOx emissions from anthropogenic (58% of the total sensitivity) and natural (25%) sources followed by nonmethane volatile organic compounds (10%) and CO (7%). Most of the influence of anthropogenic NOx comes from the U.S. (80%), followed by Canada (9%), Mexico (4%), and China (3%). Thus, long-range transport of pollution has a relatively small impact on W126 in the U.S., and domestic emissions control should be effective for reducing W126 levels. C1 [Lapina, Kateryna; Henze, Daven K.; Milford, Jana B.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huang, Min; Bowman, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Huang, Min; Carmichael, Greg] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA. [Lin, Meiyun] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lin, Meiyun] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY USA. [Fiore, Arlene M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Pfister, Gabriele G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Lapina, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, ECME 114,1111 Engn Dr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kateryna.lapina@colorado.edu RI Lin, Meiyun/D-6107-2013 OI Lin, Meiyun/0000-0003-3852-3491 FU NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team award [NNX11AI54G] FX We thank Victoria Sandiford (EPA/OAQPS), Jeffrey D. Herrick (EPA/ORD), J. Travis Smith (EPA/ OAQPS), and Ellen Porter (NPS/ARD) for valuable discussion. This work was supported by NASA Air Quality Applied Sciences Team award NNX11AI54G. NR 66 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 1 BP 324 EP 340 DI 10.1002/2013JD020905 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AA2NF UT WOS:000330930600026 ER PT J AU Bessesen, BL Oviedo, L Hart, LB Herra-Miranda, D Pacheco-Polanco, JD Baker, L Saborio-Rodriguez, G Bermudez-Villapol, L Acevedo-Gutierrez, A AF Bessesen, Brooke L. Oviedo, Lenin Hart, Leslie Burdett Herra-Miranda, David Diego Pacheco-Polanco, Juan Baker, Lesli Saborio-Rodriguez, Guido Bermudez-Villapol, Luis Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro TI Lacaziosis-like disease among bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus photographed in Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Skin lesions; Cetaceans; Lacazia loboi; LLD; Eastern Pacific; Central America ID LOBOMYCOSIS-LIKE DISEASE; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; HUMPBACK-WHALES; TROPICAL FJORD; LOBOS DISEASE; HABITAT; FLORIDA; DELPHINIDAE; PREVALENCE AB Lacaziosis (also known as lobomycosis) is a chronic dermal disease caused by the fungal agent Lacazia loboi, which affects both humans and dolphins. Photographic data have been used to identify lacaziosis-like disease (LLD) among dolphins in the waters of North and South America, and here we report LLD in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus off the coast of Costa Rica, the first reporting in Central American waters. During the periods of 1991 to 1992 and 2010 to 2011, 3 research teams conducted separate dolphin surveys in the Pacific tropical fiord Golfo Dulce, and each documented skin lesions in the resident population of bottlenose dolphins. Photo-ID records were used to identify LLD-affected bottlenose dolphins and to assess their lesions. Findings showed between 13.2 and 16.1% of the identified dolphins exhibited lesions grossly resembling lacaziosis. By combining efforts and cross-referencing photographic data, the teams explored the presence of LLD in Golfo Dulce over a time gap of approximately 20 yr. Our findings expand the geographical range of the disease and offer insight into its longevity within a given population of dolphins. C1 [Bessesen, Brooke L.] Phoenix Zoo, Joyce Corrigan Mem Care Ctr, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. [Oviedo, Lenin; Herra-Miranda, David; Diego Pacheco-Polanco, Juan] Ctr Invest Cetaceos Costa Rica, Rincon 60702, Puntarenas, Costa Rica. [Hart, Leslie Burdett] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Baker, Lesli; Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro] Western Washington Univ, Dept Biol, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Saborio-Rodriguez, Guido] Asociac Conservac & Estudio Biodiversidad ACEBIO, San Jose 10105, Costa Rica. [Bermudez-Villapol, Luis] Ctr Invest Cetaceos, Isla De Margarita 6313, Estado Nueva Es, Venezuela. [Acevedo-Gutierrez, Alejandro] Texas A&M Univ, Marine Mammal Res Program, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Bessesen, BL (reprint author), Phoenix Zoo, Joyce Corrigan Mem Care Ctr, Phoenix, AZ 85008 USA. EM brooke@brookebessesen.com RI caputo, carlo/N-3747-2014 FU Greg Gund Memorial Fund; Osa Conservation, Osa Aventura, and El Tigre Fund; International Student Volunteers-Costa Rica, Earthwatch Institute, The Society for Marine Mammalogy, Cetacean Society International; American Society of Mammalogists; Marine Mammal Research Program of Texas A& M University at Galveston; Earthwatch-Center for Field Research; Texas A M University; International Women's Fishing Association; Houston Underwater Society; Golfito Research Station of Universidad de Costa Rica FX B. L. B. was funded by a fellowship from the Greg Gund Memorial Fund. Logistical support was provided by Osa Conservation, Osa Aventura, and El Tigre Fund. Special thanks to J. Largaespada, M. Boston, W. Aguirre Aguirre, J. D. Morales Cambronero, M. Villalabos Palma, and D. Hughes for valuable support in the field, and to T. Speakman, S. Lane, M. Neely, E. Davidson, and our anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the manuscript. L. O., D. H. M., and J. D. P. P. were supported by funds from the International Student Volunteers-Costa Rica, Earthwatch Institute, The Society for Marine Mammalogy, Cetacean Society International, and American Society of Mammalogists. Thanks to M. Loaiciga 'Taboga,' A. Herra, J. Medina, and all volunteers from the Golfo Dulce Wildlife Project. Funding for A. A. G. was in part provided by the Marine Mammal Research Program of Texas A& M University at Galveston, Earthwatch-Center for Field Research, and fellowships from Texas A& M University, International Women's Fishing Association, and Houston Underwater Society. The Golfito Research Station of Universidad de Costa Rica provided logistical support. Thanks to Y. Camacho, K. Dudzik, E. Gonzalez, K. Lebo, E. Lundin, F. Marubini, S. Yin, and the Earthwatch Research Corps Volunteers for valuable assistance in the field. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 17 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 EI 1616-1580 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 107 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.3354/dao02692 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 304BU UT WOS:000330721400001 PM 24429468 ER PT J AU Chen, B Laverock, J Newby, D Su, TY Smith, KE Wu, W Doerrer, LH Quackenbush, NF Sallis, S Piper, LFJ Fischer, DA Woicik, JC AF Chen, Bo Laverock, Jude Newby, Dave, Jr. Su, Ting-Yi Smith, Kevin E. Wu, Wei Doerrer, Linda H. Quackenbush, Nicholas F. Sallis, Shawn Piper, Louis F. J. Fischer, Daniel A. Woicik, Joseph C. TI Electronic Structure of beta-NaxV2O5 (x approximate to 0.33) Polycrystalline Films: Growth, Spectroscopy, and Theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID RAY EMISSION-SPECTROSCOPY; SOL-GEL PROCESS; ELECTROCHEMICAL LITHIUM INTERCALATION; VANADIUM-OXIDES; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; CHARGE ORDER; AB-INITIO; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; V2O5; XPS AB We present a detailed study of the microstructure and electronic structure of beta-NaxV2O5 (x approximate to 0.33) polycrystalline films, combining film growth, X-ray spectroscopies, and first-principles calculations. High-quality crystalline and stoichiometric V2O5 and beta-Na0.33V2O5 films were grown by a sol-gel process, spin-coating, and rapid thermal annealing. The V2O5 film, which exhibits a rough surface, is preferentially oriented in the (001) direction perpendicular to the surface, whereas the b-axis of beta-Na0.33V2O5 is oriented in the substrate plane. The beta-Na0.33V2O5 film consists of a nested layered structure composed of single-crystalline rods of a few hundred nanometers in diameter and a few micrometers in length. Photoemission and X-ray absorption measurements of beta-Na0.33V2O5 confirm the Na incorporation and the presence of mixed V5+ and V4+ species and weakly occupied V 3d states. At the V L-edge, X-ray absorption and resonant inelastic X-ray measurements suggest a larger crystal field for beta-Na0.33V2O5 compared with isoelectronic beta-Sr0.17V2O5. We observe the lowest local crystal-field dd* transition at an energy of similar to-1.6 +/- 0.1 eV for beta-Na0.33V2O5, which is substantially larger than beta-Sr0.17V2O5; this large difference is interpreted as arising from the stronger distortions to the VO6 octahedra in beta-Na0.33V2O5. C1 [Chen, Bo; Laverock, Jude; Newby, Dave, Jr.; Su, Ting-Yi; Smith, Kevin E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Smith, Kevin E.; Doerrer, Linda H.] Boston Univ, Dept Chem, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Wu, Wei] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Quackenbush, Nicholas F.; Piper, Louis F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Dept Phys Appl Phys & Astron, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Sallis, Shawn; Piper, Louis F. J.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Phys, 590 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ksmith@bu.edu RI Sallis, Shawn/E-6258-2012; Laverock, Jude/G-4537-2010; Wu, Wei/N-9059-2014; Piper, Louis/C-2960-2011; Chen, Bo/C-5428-2017 OI Sallis, Shawn/0000-0002-8443-4951; Laverock, Jude/0000-0003-3653-8171; Piper, Louis/0000-0002-3421-3210; Chen, Bo/0000-0002-9263-5171 FU Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-98ER45680]; Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX The Boston University (BU) program is supported by the Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences, under Grant DE-FG02-98ER45680. The NSLS is supported by the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Acknowledgment is also made to the Donors of the American Chemical Society Petroleum Research Fund for support (or partial support) of this research (Binghamton University). Beamline X24A at the NSLS is supported by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The authors thank Anny Hierro and Stefanie Cantalupo for help during sol-gel synthesis, Stephen Topping, Jiapeng Xu, and Professor Vinod K. Sarin for help with XRD characterization, and Professor George Zimmerman for help during electric-resistivity measurement. We also thank Dongdong Peng and Professor Ophelia Tsui for film thickness measurement as well as Professor Richard Averitt for useful discussions. The authors also thank Paul Mak and Anlee Krupp for the training and maintenance of equipments in the Photonics Center. NR 64 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 16 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 2 BP 1081 EP 1094 DI 10.1021/jp410277m PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 299SX UT WOS:000330417100039 ER PT J AU Mourigal, M Fuhrman, WT Sheckelton, JP Wartelle, A Rodriguez-Rivera, JA Abernathy, DL McQueen, TM Broholm, CL AF Mourigal, M. Fuhrman, W. T. Sheckelton, J. P. Wartelle, A. Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A. Abernathy, D. L. McQueen, T. M. Broholm, C. L. TI Molecular Quantum Magnetism in LiZn2Mo3O8 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-LIQUID; VALENCE; ANTIFERROMAGNET AB Inelastic neutron scattering at low temperatures T <= 30 K from a powder of LiZn2Mo3O8 demonstrates this triangular-lattice antiferromagnet hosts collective magnetic excitations from spin-1/2 Mo3O13 molecules. Apparently gapless (Delta < 0.2 meV) and extending at least up to 2.5 meV, the low-energy magnetic scattering cross section is surprisingly broad in momentum space and involves one-third of the spins present above 100 K. The data are compatible with the presence of valence bonds involving nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor spins forming a disordered or dynamic state. C1 [Mourigal, M.; Fuhrman, W. T.; Sheckelton, J. P.; Wartelle, A.; McQueen, T. M.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Mourigal, M.; Fuhrman, W. T.; Sheckelton, J. P.; Wartelle, A.; McQueen, T. M.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Sheckelton, J. P.; McQueen, T. M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Wartelle, A.] Univ Lyon, Ecole Normale Super Lyon, F-69364 Lyon 07, France. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.; Broholm, C. L.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.; Broholm, C. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Mourigal, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Mourigal, Martin/F-4495-2010; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Mourigal, Martin/0000-0003-2772-8440; Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314; FU U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division FX We thank R. Flint, P. A. Lee, O. Tchernyshyov, and Y. Wan for discussion and Y. Qiu for assistance with the MACS experiment and data treatment. The work at IQM was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Scientific User Facilities Division. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2 AR 027202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.027202 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AB7AI UT WOS:000331941300026 PM 24484043 ER PT J AU Rodriguez-Lujan, I Fonollosa, J Vergara, A Homer, M Huerta, R AF Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene Fonollosa, Jordi Vergara, Alexander Homer, Margie Huerta, Ramon TI On the calibration of sensor arrays for pattern recognition using the minimal number of experiments SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Electronic nose; Gas sensing; Support Vector Machines; Fast calibration; Pattern recognition; Gas discrimination; Active learning ID SEMICONDUCTOR GAS SENSORS; MULTICLASS CLASSIFICATION; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; CHEMICAL SENSORS; SENSING SYSTEM; OPTIMIZATION; SELECTION; CLASSIFIERS; ALGORITHM; NETWORKS AB We investigate optimal experiment selection to train a classifier on gas sensor arrays to get the maximal possible performance in a limited number of experiments. In gas sensing, while collecting data for a particular sensor array, one has to choose what gas and concentration level is going to be presented in the next experiment. It is an active decision by the operator selecting the experiments and training the classifiers. Can the algorithm be trained sooner rather than later? Can we minimize the costs of collecting the data in terms of the man-hour of the operator and the expenses of the experiment itself? Active control sampling provides a way to deal with the challenge of minimizing the calibration costs and is applicable to any situation where experimental selection is parameterized by an external control variable. Our results indicate that active sampling strategies can only improve a random selection of experiments over a wide range of concentration of gasses. However, random or uninformed selection is fairly close. Additionally, our active sampling methodology reveals that, when there is no prior knowledge about the range of concentrations to which the sensor will be exposed during real operation, sensor must be calibrated over the entire working range, not just high concentrations. In fact, our results show that it is especially important to include low concentrations in the calibration since the lack of these values would dramatically decrease the performance of the system. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene; Fonollosa, Jordi; Huerta, Ramon] Univ Calif, BioCircuits Inst, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Vergara, Alexander] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Homer, Margie] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Rodriguez-Lujan, I (reprint author), Univ Calif, BioCircuits Inst, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. EM irenerodriguez@ucsd.edu; fonollosa@ucsd.edu; alexander.vergaratinoco@nist.gov; margie.l.homer@jpl.nasa.gov; rhuerta@ucsd.edu RI Huerta, Ramon/J-4316-2012; Huerta, Ramon/C-9296-2013; Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene/E-8619-2016; Fonollosa, Jordi/L-2303-2014 OI Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Huerta, Ramon/0000-0003-3925-5169; Rodriguez-Lujan, Irene/0000-0001-9512-9162; Fonollosa, Jordi/0000-0001-8854-8588 FU Jet Propulsion Laboratory [2013-1479652]; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) [SPS-984511]; NIST/NIH FX This work has been supported by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory under the contract number 2013-1479652 and partially financed by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) under the Science for Peace & Security Program, grant no. SPS-984511. Alexander Vergara was financially supported by the NIST/NIH Research Associateship program administered by the National Research Council and partially financed by NATO. The authors also thank Joanna Zytkowicz for proof-reading and revising the manuscript. NR 65 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 EI 1873-3239 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 130 BP 123 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2013.10.012 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA AA2HE UT WOS:000330914900017 ER PT J AU Espinal, AE Yan, YG Zhang, LC Espinal, L Morey, A Wells, BO Aindow, M Suib, SL AF Espinal, Anais E. Yan, Yonggao Zhang, Lichun Espinal, Laura Morey, Aimee Wells, Barrett O. Aindow, Mark Suib, Steven L. TI Substrate Control of Anisotropic Resistivity in Heteroepitaxial Nanostructured Arrays of Cryptomelane Manganese Oxide on Strontium Titanate SO SMALL LA English DT Article DE cryptomelane; heteroepitaxial growth; resistance; resistivity ID SEMICONDUCTOR SPINTRONICS; MATERIALS DESIGN; THIN-FILMS; LAYER; TRANSISTORS; NANOWIRES; TRANSPORT; MEMBRANES; METAL C1 [Espinal, Anais E.; Zhang, Lichun; Suib, Steven L.] Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Yan, Yonggao; Espinal, Laura] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morey, Aimee; Suib, Steven L.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT USA. [Aindow, Mark] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Storrs, CT USA. [Wells, Barrett O.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT USA. RP Suib, SL (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM steve.suib@uconn.edu RI Aindow, Mark/E-5282-2010 OI Aindow, Mark/0000-0001-6617-1409 FU US Department of Energy (DOE), Division of Chemical, Geochemical and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science [DE-FG02-86ER13622.A000]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-0907197, CMMI-1100427] FX The authors thank the US Department of Energy (DOE), Division of Chemical, Geochemical and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science under Grant DE-FG02-86ER13622.A000, and National Science Foundation (NSF) award numbers DMR-0907197 and CMMI-1100427 for financial support. Dr. Francis Galasso, Dr. Raymond Joesten, and Dr. Chun-Hu Chen were very helpful with suggestions and encouragement. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1613-6810 EI 1613-6829 J9 SMALL JI Small PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1002/smll.201300713 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 302SE UT WOS:000330624400006 PM 23894065 ER PT J AU Costa, B Taylor, JC Kracker, L Battista, T Pittman, S AF Costa, Bryan Taylor, J. Christopher Kracker, Laura Battista, Tim Pittman, Simon TI Mapping Reef Fish and the Seascape: Using Acoustics and Spatial Modeling to Guide Coastal Management SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; HABITAT MODELS; CONSERVATION; LANDSCAPE; CLASSIFICATION; BIOGEOGRAPHY; PERFORMANCE; PREDICTION; REGRESSION AB Reef fish distributions are patchy in time and space with some coral reef habitats supporting higher densities (i.e., aggregations) of fish than others. Identifying and quantifying fish aggregations (particularly during spawning events) are often top priorities for coastal managers. However, the rapid mapping of these aggregations using conventional survey methods (e. g., non-technical SCUBA diving and remotely operated cameras) are limited by depth, visibility and time. Acoustic sensors (i.e., splitbeam and multibeam echosounders) are not constrained by these same limitations, and were used to concurrently map and quantify the location, density and size of reef fish along with seafloor structure in two, separate locations in the U. S. Virgin Islands. Reef fish aggregations were documented along the shelf edge, an ecologically important ecotone in the region. Fish were grouped into three classes according to body size, and relationships with the benthic seascape were modeled in one area using Boosted Regression Trees. These models were validated in a second area to test their predictive performance in locations where fish have not been mapped. Models predicting the density of large fish (>= 29 cm) performed well (i.e., AUC = 0.77). Water depth and standard deviation of depth were the most influential predictors at two spatial scales (100 and 300 m). Models of small (<= 11 cm) and medium (12-28 cm) fish performed poorly (i.e., AUC = 0.49 to 0.68) due to the high prevalence (45-79%) of smaller fish in both locations, and the unequal prevalence of smaller fish in the training and validation areas. Integrating acoustic sensors with spatial modeling offers a new and reliable approach to rapidly identify fish aggregations and to predict the density large fish in un-surveyed locations. This integrative approach will help coastal managers to prioritize sites, and focus their limited resources on areas that may be of higher conservation value. C1 [Costa, Bryan; Kracker, Laura; Battista, Tim; Pittman, Simon] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Costa, Bryan] Consolidated Safety Serv, Fairfax, VA USA. [Taylor, J. Christopher] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC USA. [Pittman, Simon] Univ Plymouth, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. RP Costa, B (reprint author), NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM bryan.costa@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Conservation Program; Office of Coast Survey FX This research was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Conservation Program (http://coralreef.noaa.gov/) and Office of Coast Survey (http://www.nauticalcharts.noaa.gov/). The funders had no role in study design, data analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e85555 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0085555 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 297DH UT WOS:000330235100097 PM 24454886 ER PT J AU Devlin, RH Sakhrani, D Biagi, CA Smith, JL Fujimoto, T Beckman, B AF Devlin, Robert H. Sakhrani, Dionne Biagi, Carlo A. Smith, Jack L. Fujimoto, Takafumi Beckman, Brian TI Growth and endocrine effect of growth hormone transgene dosage in diploid and triploid coho salmon SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Transgenic; Dosage; Triploid; GH; Salmon; Growth ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; LOACH MISGURNUS-MIZOLEPIS; SHOCK-INDUCED TRIPLOIDY; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON; GENE-EXPRESSION; ACCELERATED-GROWTH; MUD LOACH; IGF-I; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER AB Growth-hormone transgene dosage, polyploidy, and parental effects on growth and endocrine responses have been assessed in coho salmon. Diploid fry with one or two transgene doses grew equally, whereas later-stage juvenile homozygotes grew faster than hemizygotes. In contrast, homozygotes and hemizygotes grew equally after smoltification, both in sea water and fresh water. Triploid transgenic salmon showed impaired growth which could not be fully overcome with additional transgene copies. Levels of muscle GH mRNA were elevated in two vs. one transgene dose diploids, but in triploids, a dosage effect was observed in muscle but not for animals carrying three transgene doses. IGF-I mRNA levels were elevated in transgenic vs. non-transgenic animals, but a dosage effect was not observed. Diploids and tripbids with two transgenes had higher plasma GH levels than one-dose animals, but three-dose triploids showed no further elevation. Circulating IGF-I levels also showed a dosage effect in diploids, but not among any transgene doses in triploids. The present study reveals complex interactions among transgene dosage, maternal effects, developmental stage, and ploidy on growth and endocrine parameters in GH transgenic coho salmon. Specifically, GH transgenes do not always express nor have effects on growth that are directly correlated with the number of transgenes. Further, the reduced growth rate seen in tripbid transgenic animals could not be fully overcome by increasing transgene dosage. The findings have relevance for understanding growth physiology, transgene function, and for environmental risk assessments that require understanding phenotypes of hemizygous vs. homozygous transgenic animals in populations. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Devlin, Robert H.; Sakhrani, Dionne; Biagi, Carlo A.; Smith, Jack L.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver, BC V7K 1N6, Canada. [Fujimoto, Takafumi] Hokkaido Univ, Fac & Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Beckman, Brian] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7K 1N6, Canada. EM robert.devlin@dfo-mpo.gc.ca FU Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology FX The authors acknowledge funding support from the Canadian Regulatory System for Biotechnology to R.H.D. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 25 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 EI 1095-6840 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 196 BP 112 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.11.023 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 297ML UT WOS:000330259500014 PM 24321178 ER PT J AU Yuan, B Warneke, C Shao, M de Gouw, JA AF Yuan, Bin Warneke, Carsten Shao, Min de Gouw, Joost A. TI Interpretation of volatile organic compound measurements by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry over the deepwater horizon oil spill SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE PTR-MS; VOCs identification; Crude oil; Gasoline; Diesel; Oil spill ID PTR-MS MEASUREMENTS; FLOW-RATE; HYDROCARBONS; VALIDATION; CAMPAIGN; O-2(+); H3O+; NO+; AIR AB A proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) was used onboard the NOAA WP-3D aircraft for atmospheric measurements over the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. A mass spectrum obtained by PTR-MS downwind from the accident site revealed the presence of a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we interpret this mass spectrum by comparing it with mass spectra of crude oil, gasoline and diesel samples measured in the laboratory. Aromatics were less abundant over the spill than from crude oil samples, due to the dissolution of these species in the seawater. The mass spectra obtained from aircraft measurements and crude oil samples both show strong signals at masses with mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of 14 x n +/- 1, including 43, 57, 69, 71, 83, 85, 97 and 111Yamu. PTR-MS coupled with a gas chromatograph was used to identify major mass signals from crude oil samples. Cycloalkanes are important contributors to the signals of mass m/z 14 x n +/- 1, especially for masses 69, 83,97 and 111 amu. Aromatics could be interpreted from their specific masses without significant interference for crude oil vapors, but the interferences to benzene from higher aromatics can be significant as crude oil evaporates. The interpretation of DWH mass spectrum is not only helpful in understanding the atmospheric emissions associated with the DWH oil spill, but also for the interpretation of PTR-MS measurements in urban air, near natural oil seeps and oil as well as natural gas extraction activities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Yuan, Bin; Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yuan, Bin; Shao, Min] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Joint Key Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Warneke, Carsten; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yuan, B (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bin.yuan@noaa.gov RI SHAO, Min/C-7351-2014; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Yuan, Bin/A-1223-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Yuan, Bin/0000-0003-3041-0329; FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [41125018] FX We acknowledge the use of data from Elliot Atlas (University of Miami) and Donald Blake (University of California at Irvine) in Fig. S6 of the supplemental information. We are grateful to Thomas Ryerson for planning and to the flight crew of the NOAA WP-3D for conducting the flights over the DWH oil spill. We thank NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service for providing the oil spill maps in Figs. 1 and 5. The flights over the oil spill were made possible by a U.S. Coast Guard Pollution Removal Funding Authorization to NOAA. B. Yuan thanks financial support from the program of "PhD Student Short-time Research Grants in Abroad from Peking University". M. Shao acknowledges the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41125018). NR 20 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 358 BP 43 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2013.11.006 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 297NB UT WOS:000330261100005 ER PT J AU Lee, K Isley, WC Dzubak, AL Verma, P Stoneburner, SJ Lin, LC Howe, JD Bloch, ED Reed, DA Hudson, MR Brown, CM Long, JR Neaton, JB Smit, B Cramer, CJ Truhlar, DG Gagliardi, L AF Lee, Kyuho Isley, William C., III Dzubak, Allison L. Verma, Pragya Stoneburner, Samuel J. Lin, Li-Chiang Howe, Joshua D. Bloch, Eric D. Reed, Douglas A. Hudson, Matthew R. Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. Neaton, Jeffrey B. Smit, Berend Cramer, Christopher J. Truhlar, Donald G. Gagliardi, Laura TI Design of a Metal-Organic Framework with Enhanced Back Bonding for Separation of N-2 and CH4 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IRON(II) COORDINATION SITES; MAIN-GROUP THERMOCHEMISTRY; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; NONCOVALENT INTERACTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ADSORPTION; CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE; KINETICS AB Gas separations with porous materials are economically important and provide a unique challenge to fundamental materials design, as adsorbent properties can be altered to achieve selective gas adsorption. Metal organic. frameworks represent a rapidly expanding new class of porous adsorbents with a large range of possibilities for designing materials with desired functionalities. Given the large number of possible, framework structures, quantum mechanical computations can provide useful guidance in prioritizing the synthesis of the most useful materials for a given, application. Here, we show that such calculations can predict a new metal-organic framework of potential utility for separation of dinitrogen from methane, a particularly challenging separation of critical value for utilizing natural gas. An open V(II) site incorporated into a metal-organic framework can provide a material with a considerably higher methane, based on strong selective back bonding with the former but not the enthalpy of adsorption for dinitrogen latter. C1 [Lee, Kyuho; Lin, Li-Chiang; Howe, Joshua D.; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lee, Kyuho; Isley, William C., III; Dzubak, Allison L.; Verma, Pragya; Stoneburner, Samuel J.; Lin, Li-Chiang; Howe, Joshua D.; Bloch, Eric D.; Long, Jeffrey R.; Neaton, Jeffrey B.; Smit, Berend; Cramer, Christopher J.; Truhlar, Donald G.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Nanoporous Mat Genome Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Lee, Kyuho; Howe, Joshua D.; Neaton, Jeffrey B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Isley, William C., III; Dzubak, Allison L.; Verma, Pragya; Stoneburner, Samuel J.; Cramer, Christopher J.; Truhlar, Donald G.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Chem Theory Ctr, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Isley, William C., III; Dzubak, Allison L.; Verma, Pragya; Stoneburner, Samuel J.; Cramer, Christopher J.; Truhlar, Donald G.; Gagliardi, Laura] Univ Minnesota, Supercomp Inst, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Reed, Douglas A.; Long, Jeffrey R.; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.; Neaton, Jeffrey B.; Smit, Berend] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nanoporous Mat Genome Ctr, 207 Pleasant St Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu; jbneaton@lbl.gov; berend-smit@berkeley.edu; cramer@umn.edu; truhlar@umn.edu; gagliard@umn.edu RI Lee, Kyuho/B-9370-2008; Smit, Berend/B-7580-2009; Lin, Li-Chiang/J-8120-2014; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Truhlar, Donald/G-7076-2015; Cramer, Christopher/B-6179-2011; Neaton, Jeffrey/F-8578-2015; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014 OI Lee, Kyuho/0000-0001-9325-3717; Smit, Berend/0000-0003-4653-8562; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Truhlar, Donald/0000-0002-7742-7294; Lin, Li-Chiang/0000-0002-2821-9501; Isley, William/0000-0002-1887-1221; Cramer, Christopher/0000-0001-5048-1859; Neaton, Jeffrey/0000-0001-7585-6135; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DEAC02-05CH11231]; Kenneth E. and Marion S. Owens Endowed Fellowship; Louise T. Dosdall Fellowship; NIST NRC; Gerald K. Branch fellowship; Phillips 66 Departmental Excellence Fellowship FX We gratefully acknowledge Xuefei Xu, Joshua Borycz, Remi Maurice, Robert Berger, Roberta Poloni, James Phillips, and Pere Miro for helpful discussions. This research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences under award DE-FG02-12ER16362. Portions of this work were performed at the Molecular Foundry, supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. Portions of the computations were performed using NERSC. W.C.I. is grateful for a Kenneth E. and Marion S. Owens Endowed Fellowship. A.L.D. is grateful for support through the Louise T. Dosdall Fellowship. M.R.H. acknowledges the NIST NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship research program for support. E.D.B. was supported by a Gerald K. Branch fellowship in chemistry. P.V. acknowledges a Phillips 66 Departmental Excellence Fellowship. NR 46 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 12 U2 175 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 2 BP 698 EP 704 DI 10.1021/ja4102979 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 294BY UT WOS:000330018600034 PM 24313689 ER PT J AU Yokoyama, S Starmer, WT Liu, Y Tada, T Britt, L AF Yokoyama, Shozo Starmer, William T. Liu, Yang Tada, Takashi Britt, Lyle TI Extraordinarily low evolutionary rates of short wavelength-sensitive opsin pseudogenes SO GENE LA English DT Article DE Aquatic animals; SWS1 pseudogenes; Molecular evolution ID DETECTING POSITIVE SELECTION; VISUAL PIGMENTS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; ASTYANAX-FASCIATUS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MOUSE OOCYTES; COLOR-VISION; DNA-SEQUENCE AB Aquatic organisms such as cichlids, coelacanths, seals, and cetaceans are active in UV-blue color environments, but many of them mysteriously lost their abilities to detect these colors. The loss of these functions is a consequence of the pseudogenization of their short wavelength-sensitive (SWS1) opsin genes without gene duplication. We show that the SWS1 gene (Bden(S1 psi)) of the deep-sea fish, pearleye (Benthalbella dentata), became a pseudogene in a similar fashion about 130 million years ago (Mya) yet it is still transcribed. The rates of nucleotide substitution (similar to 1.4 x 10(-9)/site/year) of the pseudogenes of these aquatic species as well as some prosimian and bat species are much smaller than the previous estimates for the globin and immunoglobulin pseudogenes. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Yokoyama, Shozo; Liu, Yang; Tada, Takashi] Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Starmer, William T.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Britt, Lyle] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Yokoyama, S (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Res Ctr, Dept Biol, 1510 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM syokoya@emory.edu FU National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health [EY016400]; Emory University FX We thank K. Carleton, T. Gojobori, P. Robinson, and R. Yokoyama for their comments. This work was supported by the National Eye Institute at the National Institutes of Health (EY016400) and Emory University. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 EI 1879-0038 J9 GENE JI Gene PD JAN 15 PY 2014 VL 534 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.114 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 268PT UT WOS:000328183700015 PM 24125953 ER PT J AU Changala, PB Baraban, JH Stanton, JF Merer, AJ Field, RW AF Changala, P. Bryan Baraban, Joshua H. Stanton, John F. Merer, Anthony J. Field, Robert W. TI Reduced dimension rovibrational variational calculations of the S-1 state of C2H2. II. The S-1 rovibrational manifold and the effects of isomerization SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X BAND SYSTEM; VIBRATION-ROTATION CONSTANTS; SINGLET ELECTRONIC STATES; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; EXCITED-STATES; (A)OVER-TILDE(1)A(U) STATE; PARTIAL DEPERTURBATION; STATIONARY-POINTS; WAVELENGTH BANDS; ACETYLENE C2H2 AB Reduced dimension variational calculations have been performed for the rovibrational level structure of the S-1 state of acetylene. The state exhibits an unusually complicated level structure, for various reasons. First, the potential energy surface has two accessible conformers, trans and cis. The cis conformer lies about 2700 cm(-1) above the trans, and the barrier to cis-trans isomerization lies about 5000 cm(-1) above the trans minimum. The trans vibrations nu(4) (torsion) and nu(6) (asym. bend) interact very strongly by Darling-Dennison and Coriolis resonances, such that their combination levels and overtones form polyads with unexpected structures. Both conformers exhibit very large x(36) cross-anharmonicity since the pathway to isomerization is a combination of nu(6) and nu(3) (sym. bend). Near the isomerization barrier, the vibrational levels show an even-odd K-staggering of their rotational levels as a result of quantum mechanical tunneling through the barrier. The present calculations address all of these complications, and reproduce the observed K-structures of the bending and C-C stretching levels with good qualitative accuracy. It is expected that they will assist with the assignment of the irregular patterns near the isomerization barrier. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Changala, P. Bryan; Baraban, Joshua H.; Field, Robert W.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Stanton, John F.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Theoret Chem, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Merer, Anthony J.] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Merer, Anthony J.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Changala, PB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bryan.changala@colorado.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE- FG0287ER13671]; MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program FX P.B.C., J.H.B., and R.W.F. acknowledge support of this work at MIT by U.S. Department of Energy Grant No. DE- FG0287ER13671. P.B.C. would like to thank Stephen Neushul of iCRco, Inc. for the use of workstation computing time, Jon Hougen for stimulating discussions, and the MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program for support. NR 41 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 2 AR 024313 DI 10.1063/1.4859876 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 292TL UT WOS:000329925200026 PM 24437883 ER PT J AU Changala, PB AF Changala, P. Bryan TI Reduced dimension rovibrational variational calculations of the S-1 state of C2H2. I. Methodology and implementation SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X BAND SYSTEM; QUANTUM-MECHANICAL HAMILTONIANS; VIBRATION-ROTATION CONSTANTS; SINGLET ELECTRONIC STATES; EXCITED-STATES; COUPLED-CLUSTER; (A)OVER-TILDE(1)A(U) STATE; PARTIAL DEPERTURBATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; STATIONARY-POINTS AB The bending and torsional degrees of freedom in S-1 acetylene, C2H2, are subject to strong vibrational resonances and rovibrational interactions, which create complex vibrational polyad structures even at low energy. As the internal energy approaches that of the barrier to cis-trans isomerization, these energy level patterns undergo further large-scale reorganization that cannot be satisfactorily treated by traditional models tied to local minima of the potential energy surface for nuclear motion. Experimental spectra in the region near the cis-trans transition state have revealed these complicated new patterns. In order to understand near-barrier spectroscopic observations and to predict the detailed effects of cis-trans isomerization on the rovibrational energy level structure, we have performed reduced dimension rovibrational variational calculations of the S-1 state. In this paper, we present the methodological details, several of which require special care. Our calculation uses a high accuracy ab initio potential surface and a fully symmetrized extended complete nuclear permutation inversion group theoretical treatment of a multivalued internal coordinate system that is appropriate for large amplitude bending and torsional motions. We also discuss the details of the rovibrational basis functions and their symmetrization, as well as the use of a constrained reduced dimension rovibrational kinetic energy operator. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Changala, P. Bryan] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Changala, PB (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM bryan.changala@colorado.edu FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG0287ER13671] FX This work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Grant No. DE-FG0287ER13671. The author is grateful to Robert W. Field, Anthony J. Merer, John F. Stanton, and Joshua H. Baraban for very beneficial comments on the paper. John F. Stanton and Joshua H. Baraban, additionally, contributed to generating the PES. He also thanks Kevin Lehmann for his initial suggestion to undertake calculations of this sort and the MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program for past support. NR 70 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JAN 14 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 2 AR 024312 DI 10.1063/1.4859875 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 292TL UT WOS:000329925200025 PM 24437882 ER PT J AU Weber, JC Blanchard, PT Sanders, AW Imtiaz, A Wallis, TM Coakley, KJ Bertness, KA Kabos, P Sanford, NA Bright, VM AF Weber, J. C. Blanchard, P. T. Sanders, A. W. Imtiaz, A. Wallis, T. M. Coakley, K. J. Bertness, K. A. Kabos, P. Sanford, N. A. Bright, V. M. TI Gallium nitride nanowire probe for near-field scanning microwave microscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CATALYST-FREE GROWTH; GAN NANOWIRES; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; EVANESCENT MICROWAVES; NUCLEATION; GHZ AB We report on the fabrication of a GaN nanowire probe for near-field scanning microwave microscopy. A single nanowire was Pt-bonded to a commercial Si cantilever prior to evaporation of a Ti/Al coating to provide a microwave signal pathway. Testing over a microcapacitor calibration sample shows the probe to have capacitance resolution of at least 0.7 fF with improved sensitivity and reduced uncertainty compared with a commercial microwave probe. High wear resistance of the defect-free nanowire enabled it to maintain a tip radius of 150 nm after multiple contact-mode scans while demonstrating nanometer-scale topographical resolution. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Weber, J. C.; Blanchard, P. T.; Sanders, A. W.; Imtiaz, A.; Wallis, T. M.; Coakley, K. J.; Bertness, K. A.; Kabos, P.; Sanford, N. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weber, J. C.; Bright, V. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Weber, JC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 27 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 2 AR 023113 DI 10.1063/1.4861862 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 299YG UT WOS:000330431000101 ER PT J AU Yu, PL Cicak, K Kampel, NS Tsaturyan, Y Purdy, TP Simmonds, RW Regal, CA AF Yu, P. -L. Cicak, K. Kampel, N. S. Tsaturyan, Y. Purdy, T. P. Simmonds, R. W. Regal, C. A. TI A phononic bandgap shield for high-Q membrane microresonators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; MOTION; SOUND AB A phononic crystal can control the acoustic coupling between a resonator and its support structure. We micromachine a phononic bandgap shield for high Q silicon nitride membranes and study the driven displacement spectra of the membranes and their support structures. We find that inside the observed bandgaps, the density and amplitude of non-membrane modes are greatly suppressed, and membrane modes are shielded from an external mechanical drive by up to 30 dB. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Yu, P. -L.; Kampel, N. S.; Tsaturyan, Y.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, P. -L.; Kampel, N. S.; Tsaturyan, Y.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Yu, P. -L.; Kampel, N. S.; Tsaturyan, Y.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cicak, K.; Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yu, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM regal@colorado.edu RI Yu, Pen-Li/J-5062-2012; OI Yu, Pen-Li/0000-0002-7266-0708; Tsaturyan, Yeghishe/0000-0002-8324-5112 FU DARPA QuASAR program; ONR YIP; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation; Taiwan Ministry of Education FX We thank K. W. Lehnert, S. B. Papp, R. W. Andrews, and Y.-P. Huang for valuable discussions, and J. A. Beall for helpful discussions on device fabrication. This work was supported by the DARPA QuASAR program, the ONR YIP, and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. C.R. thanks the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for support. P.-L.Y. thanks the Taiwan Ministry of Education for support. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 13 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 2 AR 023510 DI 10.1063/1.4862031 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 299YG UT WOS:000330431000122 ER PT J AU Vogl, U Glasser, RT Clark, JB Glorieux, Q Li, T Corzo, NV Lett, PD AF Vogl, Ulrich Glasser, Ryan T. Clark, Jeremy B. Glorieux, Quentin Li, Tian Corzo, Neil V. Lett, Paul D. TI Advanced quantum noise correlations SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FAST-LIGHT; SUPERLUMINAL PROPAGATION; PULSE-PROPAGATION; DISPERSING MEDIA; SLOW-LIGHT; INFORMATION; ENTANGLEMENT; LIMITATIONS; CAUSALITY; VELOCITY AB We use the quantum correlations of twin beams of light to investigate the fundamental addition of noise when one of the beams propagates through a fastlight medium based on phase-insensitive gain. The experiment is based on two successive four-wave mixing processes in rubidium vapor, which allow for the generation of bright two-mode-squeezed twin beams followed by a controlled advancement while maintaining the shared quantum correlations between the beams. The demonstrated effect allows the study of irreversible decoherence in a medium exhibiting anomalous dispersion, and for the first time shows the advancement of a bright nonclassical state of light. The advancement and corresponding degradation of the quantum correlations are found to be operating near the fundamental quantum limit imposed by using a phase-insensitive amplifier. C1 [Vogl, Ulrich; Glasser, Ryan T.; Clark, Jeremy B.; Glorieux, Quentin; Li, Tian; Corzo, Neil V.; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Quantum Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogl, Ulrich; Glasser, Ryan T.; Clark, Jeremy B.; Glorieux, Quentin; Li, Tian; Corzo, Neil V.; Lett, Paul D.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogl, Ulrich; Glasser, Ryan T.; Clark, Jeremy B.; Glorieux, Quentin; Li, Tian; Corzo, Neil V.; Lett, Paul D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Glorieux, Quentin] Univ Geneva, Appl Phys Grp, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Vogl, U (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Sci Light, Guenther Scharowsky Str 1,Bldg 24, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM ulrich.vogl@mpl.mpg.de RI Vogl, Ulrich/G-4624-2014; Glorieux, Quentin/K-4875-2012 OI Vogl, Ulrich/0000-0003-2399-2797; Glorieux, Quentin/0000-0003-0903-0233 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST; Marie Curie IOF FP7 Program [300632] FX This work was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. UV acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. This research was performed while RG held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. QG was supported by the Marie Curie IOF FP7 Program-( Multimem-300632). NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 21 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 16 AR 013011 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013011 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 302BD UT WOS:000330575300002 ER PT J AU Ferkinhoff, C Brisbin, D Parshley, S Nikola, T Stacey, GJ Schoenwald, J Higdon, JL Higdon, SJU Verma, A Riechers, D Hailey-Dunsheath, S Menten, KM Gusten, R Weiss, A Irwin, K Cho, HM Niemack, M Halpern, M Amiri, M Hasselfield, M Wiebe, DV Ade, PAR Tucker, CE AF Ferkinhoff, Carl Brisbin, Drew Parshley, Stephen Nikola, Thomas Stacey, Gordon J. Schoenwald, Justin Higdon, James L. Higdon, Sarah J. U. Verma, Aprajita Riechers, Dominik Hailey-Dunsheath, Steven Menten, Karl M. Guesten, Rolf Weiss, Axel Irwin, Kent Cho, Hsiao M. Niemack, Michael Halpern, Mark Amiri, Mandana Hasselfield, Matthew Wiebe, D. V. Ade, Peter A. R. Tucker, Carol E. TI THE SECOND-GENERATION z (REDSHIFT) AND EARLY UNIVERSE SPECTROMETER. I. FIRST-LIGHT OBSERVATION OF A HIGHLY LENSED LOCAL-ULIRG ANALOG AT HIGH-z SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: high-redshift; galaxies: individual (H-ATLAS J091043.1-000322); galaxies: starburst; submillimeter: galaxies ID STAR-FORMING GALAXIES; C-II LINE; FAR-INFRARED LINE; WARM MOLECULAR GAS; DEEP-FIELD-SOUTH; LESS-THAN 1.5; MU-M LINE; SUBMILLIMETER GALAXIES; PHYSICAL CONDITIONS; PHOTODISSOCIATION REGIONS AB We recently commissioned our new spectrometer, the second-generation z(Redshift) and Early Universe Spectrometer (ZEUS-2) on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope. ZEUS-2 is a submillimeter grating spectrometer optimized for detecting the faint and broad lines from distant galaxies that are redshifted into the telluric windows from 200 to 850 mu m. It uses a focal plane array of transition-edge sensed bolometers, the first use of these arrays for astrophysical spectroscopy. ZEUS-2 promises to be an important tool for studying galaxies in the years to come because of its synergy with Atacama Large Millimeter Array and its capabilities in the short submillimeter windows that are unique in the post-Herschel era. Here, we report on our first detection of the [C II] 158 mu m line with ZEUS-2. We detect the line at z similar to 1.8 from H-ATLAS J091043.1-000322 with a line flux of (6.44 +/- 0.42) x 10(-18)W m(-2). Combined with its far-IR luminosity and a new Herschel-PACS detection of the [O I] 63 mu m line, we model the line emission as coming from a photo-dissociation region with far-ultraviolet radiation field, G similar to 2 x 10(4) G(0), gas density, n similar to 1 x 10(3) cm(-3) and size between similar to 0.4 and 1 kpc. On the basis of this model, we conclude that H-ATLAS J091043.1-000322 is a high-redshift analog of a local ultra-luminous IR galaxy; i.e., it is likely the site of a compact starburst caused by a major merger. Further identification of these merging systems is important for constraining galaxy formation and evolution models. C1 [Ferkinhoff, Carl; Brisbin, Drew; Parshley, Stephen; Nikola, Thomas; Stacey, Gordon J.; Schoenwald, Justin; Riechers, Dominik] Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Higdon, James L.; Higdon, Sarah J. U.] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Verma, Aprajita] Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Hailey-Dunsheath, Steven] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Menten, Karl M.; Guesten, Rolf; Weiss, Axel] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany. [Irwin, Kent; Cho, Hsiao M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Niemack, Michael] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Halpern, Mark; Amiri, Mandana; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Hasselfield, Matthew] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Tucker, Carol E.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. RP Ferkinhoff, C (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM carl.ferkinhoff@cornell.edu OI Ferkinhoff, Carl/0000-0001-6266-0213 FU NSF [AST-0705256, AST-0722220, AST-1105874, AST-1109476]; NASA [NNX10AM09H]; Georgia Southern University FX Part of this work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, and obtained from the Hubble Legacy Archive, which is collaboration between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI/NASA), the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF/ESA), and the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre (CADC/NRC/CSA). ZEUS-2 development and observations are supported by NSF grants AST-0705256, AST-0722220, AST-1105874, and AST-1109476; NASA grant NNX10AM09H; and a grant from Georgia Southern University. C. F. thanks R. Wang for sharing her list of high-z [C II] detections from the literature and in Wang et al. (2013). Last, the authors thank the anonymous referees for their helpful comments and acknowledge the APEX staff whose excellent support helped to make this work possible. NR 90 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 142 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/142 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100029 ER PT J AU Migliori, G Siemiginowska, A Kelly, BC Stawarz, L Celotti, A Begelman, MC AF Migliori, G. Siemiginowska, A. Kelly, B. C. Stawarz, L. Celotti, A. Begelman, M. C. TI JET EMISSION IN YOUNG RADIO SOURCES: A FERMI LARGE AREA TELESCOPE GAMMA-RAY VIEW SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE galaxies: active; galaxies: jets; gamma rays: galaxies; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal ID COMPACT STEEP-SPECTRUM; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; HIGH-FREQUENCY PEAKERS; LARGE-SCALE JETS; X-RAY; QUASAR PKS-1127-145; EVOLUTIONARY MODELS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; SPACE-TELESCOPE; CENTRAL-ENGINE AB We investigate the contribution of the beamed jet component to the high-energy emission in young and compact extragalactic radio sources, focusing for the first time on the gamma-ray band. We derive predictions on the gamma-ray luminosities associated with the relativistic jet assuming a leptonic radiative model. The high-energy emission is produced via Compton scattering by the relativistic electrons in a spherical region at the considered scales (less than or similar to 10 kpc). Simulations show a wide range of gamma-ray luminosities, with intensities up to similar to 10(46)-10(48) erg s(-1) depending on the assumed jet parameters. We find a highly linear relation between the simulated X-ray and gamma-ray luminosities that can be used to select candidates for gamma-ray detection. We compare the simulated luminosity distributions in the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray regimes with observations for the largest sample of X-ray-detected young radio quasars. Our analysis of similar to 4-yr Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data does not yield any statistically significant detections. However, the majority of the model-predicted gamma-ray fluxes for the sample are near or below the current Fermi-LAT flux threshold and compatible with the derived upper limits. Our study gives constraints on the minimum jet power (L-jet,L-kin/L-disk > 0.01) of a potential jet contribution to the X-ray emission in the most compact sources (less than or similar to 1 kpc) and on the particle-to-magnetic field energy density ratio that are in broad agreement with equipartition assumptions. C1 [Migliori, G.; Siemiginowska, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Kelly, B. C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93107 USA. [Stawarz, L.] Inst Space & Astronaut Sci, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 2525210, Japan. [Stawarz, L.] Jagiellonian Univ, Astron Observ, PL-30244 Krakow, Poland. [Celotti, A.] SISSA, I-26534136 Trieste, Italy. [Celotti, A.] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, I-23807 Merate, Italy. [Celotti, A.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy. [Begelman, M. C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Begelman, M. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Migliori, G (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM migliori@cfa.harvard.edu FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAS8-03060, NNX10AO60G, GO1-12145X]; Polish NSC [DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083] FX The authors thank M. Sikora and D. E. Harris for useful suggestions and comments. We are grateful to the anonymous referee for critical comments that helped to improve the paper. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration contract NAS8-03060 and under the following grants: NNX10AO60G issued through the Fermi Guest Observer Program and GO1-12145X issued through the Chandra X-Ray Observatory Guest Observer program. L. S. was supported by Polish NSC grant DEC-2012/04/A/ST9/00083. The authors thank the Fermi Science Support Center Help Desk team for support in the data analysis. This research has made used of TOPCAT16 (Taylor 2005) for the preparation and manipulation of the tabular data. NR 91 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 165 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/165 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100052 ER PT J AU Patla, BR Nemiroff, RJ Hoffmann, DHH Zioutas, K AF Patla, Bijunath R. Nemiroff, Robert J. Hoffmann, Dieter H. H. Zioutas, Konstantin TI FLUX ENHANCEMENT OF SLOW-MOVING PARTICLES BY SUN OR JUPITER: CAN THEY BE DETECTED ON EARTH? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE elementary particles; gravitation; gravitational lensing: strong; planets and satellites: individual (Jupiter); Sun: general ID SUPERSYMMETRIC DARK-MATTER; GRAVITATIONAL RADIATION; MASSIVE PARTICLES; CP INVARIANCE; X-RAY; LENS; RELATIVITY; UNIVERSE; AXIONS AB Slow-moving particles capable of interacting solely with gravity might be detected on Earth as a result of the gravitational lensing induced focusing action of the Sun. The deflection experienced by these particles is inversely proportional to the square of their velocities, and as a result their focal lengths will be shorter. We investigate the velocity dispersion of these slow-moving particles, originating from distant point-like sources, for imposing upper and lower bounds on the velocities of such particles in order for them to be focused onto Earth. Stars, distant galaxies, and cluster of galaxies, etc., may all be considered as point-like sources. We find that fluxes of such slow-moving and non-interacting particles must have speeds between similar to 0.01 and 14 times the speed of light, c. Particles with speeds less than similar to 0.01c will undergo way too much deflection to be focused, although such individual particles could be detected. At the caustics, the magnification factor could be as high as similar to 10(6). We impose lensing constraints on the mass of these particles in order for them to be detected with large flux enhancements that are greater than 10(-9) eV. An approximate mass density profile for Jupiter is used to constrain particle velocities for lensing by Jupiter. We show that Jupiter could potentially focus particles with speeds as low as similar to 0.001c, which the Sun cannot. C1 [Patla, Bijunath R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nemiroff, Robert J.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Hoffmann, Dieter H. H.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Inst Kernphys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. [Zioutas, Konstantin] Univ Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece. RP Patla, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bijunath.patla@nist.gov NR 72 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 780 IS 2 AR 158 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/158 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 281JL UT WOS:000329097100045 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, M Mohr, MS Greenberg, A AF Fujiwara, Masami Mohr, Michael S. Greenberg, Aaron TI The Effects of Disease-Induced Juvenile Mortality on the Transient and Asymptotic Population Dynamics of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PARASITE CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; KLAMATH RIVER-BASIN; PACIFIC SALMON; OREGON-CALIFORNIA; STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; FISH; RESISTANCE; RESPONSES; HISTORY AB The effects of an increased disease mortality rate on the transient and asymptotic dynamics of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were investigated. Disease-induced mortality of juvenile salmon has become a serious concern in recent years. However, the overall effects of disease mortality on the asymptotic and transient dynamics of adult spawning abundance are still largely unknown. We explored various scenarios with regard to the density-dependent process, the distribution of survivorship over the juvenile phase, the disease mortality rate, and the infusion of stray hatchery fish. Our results suggest that the sensitivity to the disease mortality rate of the equilibrium adult spawning abundance and resilience (asymptotic return rate toward this equilibrium following a small perturbation) varied widely and differently depending on the scenario. The resilience and coefficient of variation of adult spawning abundance following a large perturbation were consistent with each other under the scenarios investigated. We conclude that the increase in disease mortality likely has an effect on fishery yield under a fluctuating environment, not only because the mean equilibrium adult spawning abundance has likely been reduced, but also because the resilience has likely decreased and the variance in adult spawning abundance has likely increased. We also infer the importance of incorporating finer-scale spatiotemporal information into population models and demonstrate a means for doing so within a matrix population modeling framework. C1 [Fujiwara, Masami] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Mohr, Michael S.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Greenberg, Aaron] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM fujiwara@tamu.edu RI Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012 OI Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043 FU U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National 468 Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS) [NA07NMF4540337] FX This research was supported by the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National 468 Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA/NMFS), grant NA07NMF4540337. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e85464 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0085464 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291YG UT WOS:000329868200051 PM 24427310 ER PT J AU Radzhabova, LM Stepanov, GV Abdulagatov, IM Shakhbanov, KA AF Radzhabova, Laritta M. Stepanov, Gennadii V. Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Shakhbanov, Kurban A. TI Experimental study of the isochoric heat capacity and liquid-gas coexistence-curve properties of sec-butanol in the near- and supercritical regions SO THERMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Coexistence curie; Complete scaling; Critical point; Sec-butanol; Isochoric heat capacity; Singular diameter ID CRITICAL-POINT; CARBON-DIOXIDE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION; ALIPHATIC-ALCOHOLS; SECONDARY ALCOHOLS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; ROTATORY POWER; PART I AB One- and two-phase isochoric heat capacities (C-V) and saturated liquid and vapor properties (T-S, rho(S)', rho(S)'' of sec-butanol in the wide temperature and density ranges including near- and supercritical conditions have been measured with a high-temperature and high-pressure nearly constant-volume adiabatic calorimeter. The measurements were made in the temperature range from 307 K to 551 K for 22 liquid and vapor isochores from 76.44 kg m(-3) to 794.06 kg m(-3). The isochoric heat capacity jump (quasi-static thermograms) technique have been used to accurately measure of the phase transition parameters (T-S, rho(S)) near the critical point. The total experimental uncertainty of density (rho), temperature (7), and isochoric heat capacity (C-V) measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k=2 were estimated to be 0.06%, 15 mK, and 2-3%, respectively. The critical temperature (T-C = 535.95 +/- 0.02 K) and the critical density (rho(C) = 276.40 +/- 2 kg m(-3)) for sec-butanol were determined from the measured saturated properties (C-VS,T-S, rho(S)) near the critical point. The values of the asymptotical critical amplitude of the two-phase C-V along the critical isochore (A) over bar (-)(0) = 37.95) and saturated density (B-0 =1.7441) near the critical point have been calculate using the measured isochoric heat capacity data. The measured two-phase liquid and vapor isochoric heat capacities at saturation and saturation liquid and vapor specific volumes (V', V '') were used to calculate the values of second temperature derivatives of the vapor pressure and chemical potential near the critical point. The values of asymmetry parameters a(3) = -0.3664 and b(2) = -0.2527 of the coexistence curve diameter for sec-butanol were determined from the measured heat capacity and saturated density data near the critical point. A new technique of the Yang-Yang anomaly strength parameter (R-mu) determination from the direct simultaneously two-phase isochoric heat capacity (C-V2 '', CV2') and specific volumes (V '', V') measurements at saturation have been proposed. The value of Yang-Yang anomaly strength parameter (R-mu = -0.59) for sec-butanol has been determined using the new technique. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Radzhabova, Laritta M.; Stepanov, Gennadii V.; Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M.; Shakhbanov, Kurban A.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Phys, Makhachkala, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 68 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-6031 EI 1872-762X J9 THERMOCHIM ACTA JI Thermochim. Acta PD JAN 10 PY 2014 VL 575 BP 97 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.tca.2013.08.031 PG 17 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 292GF UT WOS:000329889500014 ER PT J AU Horan, JL Lingutla, A Ren, H Kuo, MC Sachdeva, S Yang, Y Seifert, S Greenlee, LF Yandrasits, MA Hamrock, SJ Frey, MH Herring, AM AF Horan, James L. Lingutla, Anitha Ren, Hui Kuo, Mei-Chen Sachdeva, Sonny Yang, Yuan Seifert, Soenke Greenlee, Lauren F. Yandrasits, Michael A. Hamrock, Steven J. Frey, Matthew H. Herring, Andrew M. TI Fast Proton Conduction Facilitated by Minimum Water in a Series of Divinylsilyl-11-silicotungstic. Acid-co-Butyl Acrylate-co-Hexanediol Diacrylate Polymers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELL APPLICATIONS; COMPOSITE MEMBRANES; HETEROPOLY ACIDS; FIELD GRADIENT; DODECAMOLYBDOPHOSPHORIC ACID; 12-TUNGSTOPHOSPHORIC ACID; NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANES; DIFFUSION MEASUREMENTS; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; SILICOTUNGSTIC ACID AB Studies of proton transport in novel materials are important to enable a large array of electrochemical devices. In this study, we show that heteropoly acids (HPAs) when immobilized in polymer matrixes have highly mobile protons. Divinyl-11-silicotungstic acid, an HPA, was copolymerized with butyl acrylate and hexanediol diacrylate at various weight percentage loadings from 25% to 85% using UV initiated polymerizations. The resultant films were tan colored flexible sheets of ca. 120 mu m thickness. The morphology of these films varied with loading, showing phase separation into clustered HPA above a 50 wt % loading and lamella morphologies above an 80 wt % loading. Water uptake was strongly associated with the HPA clusters, which facilitated transport of protons. This was realized by proton conductivities as high as 0.4 S cm(-1) at 95 degrees C and 95% RH and 0.1 S cm(-1) at 85 degrees C and 50% RH. Pulse field gradient spin echo NMR measurements indicated that water self-diffusion was fast (1.4 x 10(-5) and 4.4 x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1) for 50% and 100% RH, respectively) at 80 degrees C. We show that the water in these systems is highly associated with the HPA clusters and that fast proton transport is facilitated by as few as 3 water molecules per proton. C1 [Horan, James L.; Kuo, Mei-Chen; Sachdeva, Sonny; Herring, Andrew M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Horan, James L.; Kuo, Mei-Chen; Sachdeva, Sonny; Herring, Andrew M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lingutla, Anitha; Ren, Hui; Frey, Matthew H.] 3M Co, Corp Res Mat Lab 3M, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Yandrasits, Michael A.; Hamrock, Steven J.] 3M Co, Component Fuel Cell Program 3M, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Seifert, Soenke] Argonne Natl Lab, Xray Sci Div, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Greenlee, Lauren F.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Herring, AM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM aherring@mines.edu OI Sachdeva, Sonny/0000-0002-1239-2684; Greenlee, Lauren/0000-0001-6147-1533; Herring, Andrew/0000-0001-7318-5999 FU U.S. DOE office of energy efficiency and renewable energy [DE-FG36-06GO16032]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; ARO DURIP [W911NF-NF-1-0462]; NSF MRI program [0923537] FX This work was supported by the U.S. DOE office of energy efficiency and renewable energy under contract no. DE-FG36-06GO16032. Use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The IR microscope was obtained from an ARO DURIP under contract no. W911NF-NF-1-0462. The CSM NMR facility was supported by the NSF MRI program under contract no. 0923537. NR 64 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD JAN 9 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 1 BP 135 EP 144 DI 10.1021/jp4089657 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 289JL UT WOS:000329678200017 ER PT J AU Bohnet, JG Chen, ZL Weiner, JM Cox, KC Thompson, JK AF Bohnet, Justin G. Chen, Zilong Weiner, Joshua M. Cox, Kevin C. Thompson, James K. TI Linear-response theory for superradiant lasers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CAVITY; QUANTUM; FLUCTUATIONS; CLOCK AB We theoretically study a superradiant laser, deriving both the steady-state behaviors and small-amplitude responses of the laser's atomic inversion, atomic polarization, and light field amplitude. Our minimum model for a three-level laser includes atomic population accumulating outside of the lasing transition and dynamics of the atomic population distribution causing cavity frequency tuning, as can occur in realistic experimental systems. We show that the population dynamics can act as real-time feedback to stabilize or destabilize the laser's output power, and we derive the cavity frequency tuning for a Raman laser. We extend the minimal model to describe a cold-atom Raman laser using Rb-87, showing that the minimal model qualitatively captures the essential features of the more complex system [Bohnet et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 253602 (2012)]. This work informs our understanding of the stability of proposed millihertz linewidth lasers based on ultranarrow optical atomic transitions and will guide the design and development of these next-generation optical frequency references. C1 [Bohnet, Justin G.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bohnet, JG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU DARPA QuASAR; ARO; NSF PFC; NIST; NSF GRF; A*STAR Singapore; NDSEG; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX The authors thank M. Holland and S. Cundiff for helpful conversations. All authors acknowledge financial support from DARPA QuASAR, ARO, NSF PFC, and NIST. J.G.B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF, Z.C. acknowledges support from A*STAR Singapore, and K. C. C. acknowledges support from NDSEG. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 30 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 1 AR 013806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.013806 PG 21 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AC0FD UT WOS:000332169300005 ER PT J AU Hamady, LL Natanson, LJ Skomal, GB Thorrold, SR AF Hamady, Li Ling Natanson, Lisa J. Skomal, Gregory B. Thorrold, Simon R. TI Vertebral Bomb Radiocarbon Suggests Extreme Longevity in White Sharks SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; AGE-DETERMINATION; PELAGIC SHARKS; ORANGE ROUGHY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; LAMNA-NASUS; VALIDATION; GROWTH AB Conservation and management efforts for white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) remain hampered by a lack of basic demographic information including age and growth rates. Sharks are typically aged by counting growth bands sequentially deposited in their vertebrae, but the assumption of annual deposition of these band pairs requires testing. We compared radiocarbon (Delta C-14) values in vertebrae from four female and four male white sharks from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean (NWA) with reference chronologies documenting the marine uptake of C-14 produced by atmospheric testing of thermonuclear devices to generate the first radiocarbon age estimates for adult white sharks. Age estimates were up to 40 years old for the largest female (fork length [FL]: 526 cm) and 73 years old for the largest male (FL: 493 cm). Our results dramatically extend the maximum age and longevity of white sharks compared to earlier studies, hint at possible sexual dimorphism in growth rates, and raise concerns that white shark populations are considerably more sensitive to human-induced mortality than previously thought. C1 [Hamady, Li Ling; Thorrold, Simon R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hamady, Li Ling] MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Joint Program Oceanog Appl Ocean Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Apex Predators Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Skomal, Gregory B.] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA USA. RP Hamady, LL (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM liling@whoi.edu RI Thorrold, Simon/B-7565-2012; OI Thorrold, Simon/0000-0002-1533-7517; Hamady, Li Ling/0000-0003-3380-6150 FU National Science Foundation [OCE 0825148]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (OCE 0825148 was awarded to SRT) and LLH was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 48 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 40 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e84006 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084006 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291WL UT WOS:000329862500089 PM 24416189 ER PT J AU Meyer, CG O'Malley, JM Papastamatiou, YP Dale, JJ Hutchinson, MR Anderson, JM Royer, MA Holland, KN AF Meyer, Carl G. O'Malley, Joseph M. Papastamatiou, Yannis P. Dale, Jonathan J. Hutchinson, Melanie R. Anderson, James M. Royer, Mark A. Holland, Kim N. TI Growth and Maximum Size of Tiger Sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in Hawaii SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-OF-MEXICO; INDIVIDUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHWESTERN AUSTRALIA; CARCHARHINUS-OBSCURUS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; MARINE PREDATOR; DUSKY SHARKS; CATCH RATES AB Tiger sharks (Galecerdo cuvier) are apex predators characterized by their broad diet, large size and rapid growth. Tiger shark maximum size is typically between 380 & 450 cm Total Length (TL), with a few individuals reaching 550 cm TL, but the maximum size of tiger sharks in Hawaii waters remains uncertain. A previous study suggested tiger sharks grow rather slowly in Hawaii compared to other regions, but this may have been an artifact of the method used to estimate growth (unvalidated vertebral ring counts) compounded by small sample size and narrow size range. Since 1993, the University of Hawaii has conducted a research program aimed at elucidating tiger shark biology, and to date 420 tiger sharks have been tagged and 50 recaptured. All recaptures were from Hawaii except a single shark recaptured off Isla Jacques Cousteau (24 degrees 13'17 '' N 109 degrees 52'14 '' W), in the southern Gulf of California (minimum distance between tag and recapture sites = approximately 5,000 km), after 366 days at liberty (DAL). We used these empirical mark-recapture data to estimate growth rates and maximum size for tiger sharks in Hawaii. We found that tiger sharks in Hawaii grow twice as fast as previously thought, on average reaching 340 cm TL by age 5, and attaining a maximum size of 403 cm TL. Our model indicates the fastest growing individuals attain 400 cm TL by age 5, and the largest reach a maximum size of 444 cm TL. The largest shark captured during our study was 464 cm TL but individuals >450 cm TL were extremely rare (0.005% of sharks captured). We conclude that tiger shark growth rates and maximum sizes in Hawaii are generally consistent with those in other regions, and hypothesize that a broad diet may help them to achieve this rapid growth by maximizing prey consumption rates. C1 [Meyer, Carl G.; Hutchinson, Melanie R.; Anderson, James M.; Royer, Mark A.; Holland, Kim N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [O'Malley, Joseph M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. [Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Papastamatiou, Yannis P.] Univ St Andrews, Sch Biol, Scottish Oceans Inst, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Dale, Jonathan J.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Meyer, CG (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM carlm@hawaii.edu OI Anderson, James/0000-0002-4900-5916 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Sanctuaries Program); University of Hawaii Sea Grant; State of Hawaii (Department of Land and Natural Resources) FX The authors are grateful to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (National Marine Sanctuaries Program), University of Hawaii Sea Grant and the State of Hawaii (Department of Land and Natural Resources) for providing funding to support a variety of shark research projects that collectively made this study possible. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 6 U2 46 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e84799 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084799 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 291WL UT WOS:000329862500170 PM 24416287 ER PT J AU Waters, MS Kundu, S Lin, NJ Lin-Gibson, S AF Waters, Michael S. Kundu, Santanu Lin, Nancy J. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of In Situ Streptococcus mutans Biofilms SO ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES LA English DT Article DE in situ biofilms; rheology; Streptococcus mutans; mechanical properties ID BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; ADHERENCE; RHEOLOGY; SURFACE; DEVICE; PLAQUE AB Insight into live microbial biofilm microstructure and mechanical properties and their interactions with the underlying substrate can lead to the development of new remedial strategies and/or materials. Here we report mechanical properties of dental pathogenic Streptococcus mutans biofilms, grown on a polystyrene coated plate of a shear rheometer in physiologically relevant conditions, precisely controlled in a custom built bioreactor. In situ measurements demonstrated the importance of microstructure and composition of extracellular polymeric substances on the biofilm modulus. The biofilms behave like a weak gel with storage moduli higher than loss moduli. The simple but robust experimental technique presented here can easily be extended to other biofilm-material systems. C1 [Waters, Michael S.; Kundu, Santanu; Lin, Nancy J.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kundu, Santanu] Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Kundu, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM santanukundu@che.msstate.edu; slgibson@nist.gov RI Kundu, Santanu/B-6842-2008 FU National Research Council (NRC) ARRA postdoctoral Fellowship; NIDCR/NIH; NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01] FX This work was in part supported by a National Research Council (NRC) ARRA postdoctoral Fellowship and an Interagency Agreement between NIDCR/NIH and NIST [Y1-DE-7005-01]. This is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and is not subject to copyright in the United States. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1944-8244 J9 ACS APPL MATER INTER JI ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces PD JAN 8 PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1021/am404344h PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 288BG UT WOS:000329586300044 PM 24351115 ER PT J AU Edwards, CB Friedlander, AM Green, AG Hardt, MJ Sala, E Sweatman, HP Williams, ID Zgliczynski, B Sandin, SA Smith, JE AF Edwards, C. B. Friedlander, A. M. Green, A. G. Hardt, M. J. Sala, E. Sweatman, H. P. Williams, I. D. Zgliczynski, B. Sandin, S. A. Smith, J. E. TI Global assessment of the status of coral reef herbivorous fishes: evidence for fishing effects SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE fishing; reef-fish; phase shift; resilience; herbivory; macroalgae and turf algae ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; PHASE-SHIFTS; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COMMUNITIES; RESILIENCE; PATTERNS; BIOMASS AB On coral reefs, herbivorous fishes consume benthic primary producers and regulate competition between fleshy algae and reef-building corals. Many of these species are also important fishery targets, yet little is known about their global status. Using a large-scale synthesis of peer-reviewed and unpublished data, we examine variability in abundance and biomass of herbivorous reef fishes and explore evidence for fishing impacts globally and within regions. We show that biomass is more than twice as high in locations not accessible to fisheries relative to fisheries-accessible locations. Although there are large biogeographic differences in total biomass, the effects of fishing are consistent in nearly all regions. We also show that exposure to fishing alters the structure of the herbivore community by disproportionately reducing biomass of large-bodied functional groups (scraper/excavators, browsers, grazer/detritivores), while increasing biomass and abundance of territorial algal-farming damselfishes (Pomacentridae). The browser functional group that consumes macroalgae and can help to prevent coral-macroalgal phase shifts appears to be most susceptible to fishing. This fishing down the herbivore guild probably alters the effectiveness of these fishes in regulating algal abundance on reefs. Finally, data from remote and unfished locations provide important baselines for setting management and conservation targets for this important group of fishes. C1 [Edwards, C. B.; Zgliczynski, B.; Sandin, S. A.; Smith, J. E.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, US Geol Survey, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Green, A. G.] Nature Conservancy, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia. [Hardt, M. J.] OceanInk, Kamuela, HI 96743 USA. [Sala, E.] Natl Geog Soc, Washington, DC 20090 USA. [Sweatman, H. P.] Australian Inst Marine Sci, TMC, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Williams, I. D.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Smith, JE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM smithj@ucsd.edu FU National Science Foundation; NOAA through the collaborative program Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) [NSF OCE10417212]; National Geographic Society FX Funding for this work was provided by The National Science Foundation and NOAA through the collaborative program Comparative Analysis of Marine Ecosystem Organization (CAMEO) award number NSF OCE10417212 to J.E.S. and S.A.S. Additional funding for research cruises was provided by the National Geographic Society to E.S. NR 55 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 8 U2 90 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1774 AR 20131835 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.1835 PG 10 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC2XS UT WOS:000332380200002 PM 24258715 ER PT J AU Lowenthal, MS Liang, YX Phinney, KW Stein, SE AF Lowenthal, Mark S. Liang, Yuxue Phinney, Karen W. Stein, Stephen E. TI Quantitative Bottom-Up Proteomics Depends on Digestion Conditions SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN PLASMA PROTEOME; DNA-REPAIR PROTEINS; HUMAN SERUM-ALBUMIN; INTERNAL STANDARDS; TRYPSIN DIGESTION; OVARIAN-CANCER; IDENTIFICATION; EFFICIENCY; QUANTIFICATION AB Accurate quantification is a fundamental requirement in the fields of proteomics and biomarker discovery, and for clinical diagnostic assays. To demonstrate the extent of quantitative variability in measurable peptide concentrations due to differences among "typical" protein digestion protocols, the model protein, human serum albumin (HSA), was subjected to enzymatic digestion using 12 different sample preparation methods, and separately, was examined through a comprehensive timecourse of trypsinolysis. A variety of digestion conditions were explored including differences in digestion time, denaturant, source of enzyme, sample cleanup, and denaturation temperature, among others. Timecourse experiments compared differences in relative peptide concentrations for tryptic digestions ranging from 15 min to 48 h. A predigested stable isotope-labeled (N-15 form of the full-length (HSA) protein, expressed in yeast was spiked into all samples prior to LC-MS analysis to compare yields of numerous varieties of tryptic peptides. Relative quantification was achieved by normalization of integrated extracted ion chromatograms (XICs) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) by multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) on a triple quadrupole (QQQ) MS. Related peptide fragmentation transitions, and multiple peptide charge states, were monitored for validation of quantitative results. Results demonstrate that protein concentration was shown to be unequal to tryptic peptide concentrations for most peptides, including so-called "proteotypic" peptides. Peptide release during digestion displayed complex kinetics dependent on digestion conditions and, by inference, from denatured protein structure. Hydrolysis rates at tryptic cleavage sites were also shown to be affected by differences in nearest and next-nearest amino acid residues. The data suggesting nonstoichiometry of enzymatic protein digestions emphasizes the often overlooked difficulties for routine absolute protein quantification, and highlights the need for use of suitable internal standards and isotope dilution techniques. C1 [Lowenthal, Mark S.; Liang, Yuxue; Phinney, Karen W.; Stein, Stephen E.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lowenthal, MS (reprint author), NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8314, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.lowenthal@nist.gov FU NIH/NCI under their Clinical Proteomics Technology Assessment for Cancer program (CPTAC) FX The authors would like to acknowledge Qian Dong (NIST) for contributions to the development of the NIST consensus HSA library. We Would also like to acknowledge Illarion Turko and Wei-Li Liao for the yeast expression of 'N-labeled HSA used in this work. Partial support for the work was provided by an interagency agreement with the NIH/NCI under their Clinical Proteomics Technology Assessment for Cancer program (CPTAC). NR 27 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 9 U2 74 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 1 SI SI BP 551 EP 558 DI 10.1021/ac4027274 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 287NM UT WOS:000329548700056 PM 24294946 ER PT J AU Schwacke, LH Smith, CR Townsend, FI Wells, RS Hart, LB Balmer, BC Collier, TK De Guise, S Fry, MM Guillette, LJ Lamb, SV Lane, SM Mcfee, WE Place, NJ Turnlin, MC Ylitalo, GM Zolman, ES Rowles, TK AF Schwacke, Lori H. Smith, Cynthia R. Townsend, Forrest I. Wells, Randall S. Hart, Leslie B. Balmer, Brian C. Collier, Tracy K. De Guise, Sylvain Fry, Michael M. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Lamb, Stephen V. Lane, Suzanne M. McFee, Wayne E. Place, Ned J. Tumlin, Mandy C. Ylitalo, Gina M. Zolman, Eric S. Rowles, Teresa K. TI Health of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MINK MUSTELA-VISON; GULF-OF-MEXICO; C FUEL-OIL; ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERTROPHY; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; PETROLEUM-PRODUCTS; SARASOTA BAY; EXPOSURE; ULTRASOUND; POPULATION AB The oil spill resulting from the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon drilling platform initiated immediate concern for marine wildlife, including common bottlenose dolphins in sensitive coastal habitats. To evaluate potential sublethal effects on dolphins, health assessments were conducted in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, an area that received heavy and prolonged oiling, and in a reference site, Sarasota Bay, Florida, where oil was not observed. Dolphins were temporarily captured, received a veterinary examination, and were then released. Dolphins sampled in Barataria Bay showed evidence of hypoadrenocorticism, consistent with adrenal toxicity as previously reported for laboratory mammals exposed to oil. Barataria Bay dolphins were 5 times more likely to have moderate severe lung disease, generally characterized by significant alveolar interstitial syndrome, lung masses, and pulmonary consolidation. Of 29 dolphins evaluated from Barataria Bay, 48% were given a guarded or worse prognosis, and 17% were considered poor or grave, indicating that they were not expected to survive. Disease conditions in Barataria Bay dolphins were significantly greater in prevalence and severity than those in Sarasota Bay dolphins, as well as those previously reported in other wild dolphin populations. Many disease conditions observed in Barataria Bay dolphins are uncommon but consistent with petroleum hydrocarbon exposure and toxicity. C1 [Schwacke, Lori H.; Hart, Leslie B.; Lane, Suzanne M.; McFee, Wayne E.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Smith, Cynthia R.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Wells, Randall S.; Balmer, Brian C.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Collier, Tracy K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fry, Michael M.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed & Diagnost Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Dept Obstet & Gynecol & Marine Biomed & Environm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lamb, Stephen V.; Place, Ned J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tumlin, Mandy C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Lori.Schwacke@noaa.gov OI Fry, Michael/0000-0002-1744-8739 FU Office of Naval Research Marine Mammals and Biology Program; DolphinQuest; Morris Animal Foundation; Disney's Animal Programs and Environmental Initiatives; Georgia Aquarium; NMFS [932-1905/MA-009526] FX We greatly appreciate the efforts of the many researchers who provided support for the dolphin health assessment fieldwork, especially Todd Speakman, James Daugomah, Larry Hansen, Jay Sweeney, and Deborah Fauquier. We also recognize the organizations which provided staff and logistical support, including SeaWorld and Busch Gardens, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Texas Marine Mammal Stranding Network, and Georgia Aquarium. We thank Marina Ivancic for reviewing lung ultrasound images, Stephanie Venn-Watson for valuable insight for data interpretation, Chiharu Mori for research assistance, and Jeff Adams for assistance in data integration. This work was part of the Deepwater Horizon NRDA being conducted cooperatively among NOAA, other Federal and State Trustees, and BP. The dolphin health assessments in Sarasota Bay were conducted by Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program staff, students, trained volunteers, and collaborators under NMFS permit Nos. 522-1785 and 15543 and were supported by additional funding from Office of Naval Research Marine Mammals and Biology Program, DolphinQuest, Morris Animal Foundation, Disney's Animal Programs and Environmental Initiatives, and Georgia Aquarium. The dolphin health assessments in Barataria Bay were conducted under NMFS permit no. 932-1905/MA-009526. Protocols were reviewed and approved by Mote Marine Laboratory and NOAA Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees for Sarasota Bay and Barataria Bay, respectively. NR 70 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 10 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 93 EP 103 DI 10.1021/es403610f PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287NN UT WOS:000329548800019 PM 24350796 ER PT J AU Beck, SE Rodriguez, RA Linden, KG Hargy, TM Larason, TC Wright, HB AF Beck, Sara E. Rodriguez, Roberto A. Linden, Karl G. Hargy, Thomas M. Larason, Thomas C. Wright, Harold B. TI Wavelength Dependent UV Inactivation and DNA Damage of Adenovirus as Measured by Cell Culture Infectivity and Long Range Quantitative PCR SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; DISINFECTION; WATER; REPAIR; LIGHT; ENTEROVIRUSES; AMPLIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; IRRADIATION AB Adenovirus is regarded as the most resistant pathogen to ultraviolet (UV) disinfection due to its demonstrated resistance to monochromatic, low-pressure (LP) UV irradiation at 254 nm. This resistance has resulted in high UV dose requirements for all viruses in regulations set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Polychromatic, medium-pressure (MP) UV irradiation has been shown to be much more effective than 254 nm, although the mechanisms of polychromatic UV inactivation are not completely understood. This research analyzes the wavelength-specific effects of UV light on adenovirus type 2 by analyzing in parallel the reduction in viral infectivity and damage to the viral genome. A tunable laser from the National Institute of Standards and Technology was used to isolate single UV wavelengths. Cell culture infectivity and PCR were employed to quantify the adenoviral inactivation rates using narrow bands of irradiation (<1 nm) at 10 nm intervals between 210 and 290 nm. The inactivation rate corresponding to adenoviral genome damage matched the inactivation rate of adenovirus infectivity at 253.7 nm, 270 nm, 280 nm, and 290 nm, suggesting that damage to the viral DNA was primarily responsible for loss of infectivity at those wavelengths. At 260 nm, more damage to the nucleic acid was observed than reduction in viral infectivity. At 240 nm and below, the reduction of viral infectivity was significantly greater than the reduction of DNA amplification, suggesting that UV damage to a viral component other than DNA contributed to the loss of infectivity at those wavelengths. Inactivation rates were used to develop. a detailed spectral sensitivity or action spectrum of adenovirus 2. This research has significant implications for the water treatment industry with regard to polychromatic inactivation of viruses and the development of novel wavelength-specific UV disinfection technologies. C1 [Beck, Sara E.; Linden, Karl G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Rodriguez, Roberto A.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. [Hargy, Thomas M.] Tetra Tech Clancy Environm, St Albans, VT 05478 USA. [Larason, Thomas C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wright, Harold B.] Carollo Engineers, Boise, ID 83713 USA. RP Linden, KG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, UCB 428, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM karl.linden@colorado.edu OI Linden, Karl G./0000-0003-4301-7227 FU Water Research Foundation [4376]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [FP91709801] FX We thank Randi McCuin, senior microbiologist at Tetra Tech, for her microbiological expertise and her work on the adenovirus cell culture assays. This research was partially supported by the Water Research Foundation project 4376 and Fellowship Assistance Agreement FP91709801 from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. The mention of certain commercial products in this paper is for information purposes only and does not constitute an endorsement of the product by the authors nor their institutions. NR 44 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 591 EP 598 DI 10.1021/es403850b PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 287NN UT WOS:000329548800076 PM 24266597 ER PT J AU Rhieu, SY Urbas, AA Bearden, DW Marino, JP Lippa, KA Reipa, V AF Rhieu, Steve Y. Urbas, Aaron A. Bearden, Daniel W. Marino, John P. Lippa, Katrice A. Reipa, Vytas TI Probing the Intracellular Glutathione Redox Potential by In-Cell NMR Spectroscopy SO ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION LA English DT Article DE glutathione; living cells; NMR spectroscopy; oxidative stress; redox chemistry ID YEAST SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; LIVING CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; METABOLITES; PROTEINS; EXTRACTS; SYSTEM; VIVO AB Non-invasive and real-time analysis of cellular redox processes has been greatly hampered by lack of suitable measurement techniques. Here we describe an in-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based method for measuring the intracellular glutathione redox potential by direct and quantitative measurement of isotopically labeled glutathione introduced exogenously into living yeast. By using this approach, perturbations in the cellular glutathione redox homeostasis were also monitored as yeast cells were subjected to oxidative stress. C1 [Rhieu, Steve Y.; Urbas, Aaron A.; Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bearden, Daniel W.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Marino, John P.] NIST, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Biomol Measurement Div, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rhieu, Steve Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Res Council, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Rhieu, SY (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve.rhieu@nist.gov; vytautas.reipa@nist.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1433-7851 EI 1521-3773 J9 ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT JI Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 53 IS 2 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1002/anie.201308004 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 282EH UT WOS:000329152600014 PM 24288118 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, ED Dupuis, NF Nesbitt, DJ AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Dupuis, Nicholas F. Nesbitt, David J. TI Pulsed IR Heating Studies of Single-Molecule DNA Duplex Dissociation Kinetics and Thermodynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATING-LASER EXCITATION; NUCLEIC-ACID; DOUBLE HELIX; RHODAMINE-B; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; BASE-PAIRS; FLUORESCENCE; STACKING; IMMOBILIZATION; MICROSCOPY AB Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique that makes it possible to observe the conformational dynamics associated with biomolecular processes. The addition of precise temperature control to these experiments can yield valuable thermodynamic information about equilibrium and kinetic rate constants. To accomplish this, we have developed a microscopy technique based on infrared laser overtone/combination band absorption to heat small (approximate to 10(-11) liter) volumes of water. Detailed experimental characterization of this technique reveals three major advantages over conventional stage heating methods: 1), a larger range of steady-state temperatures (20-100 degrees C); 2), substantially superior spatial (<= 20 mu m) control; and 3), substantially superior temporal ( approximate to 1 ms) control. The flexibility and breadth of this spatial and temporally resolved laser-heating approach is demonstrated in single-molecule fluorescence assays designed to probe the dissociation of a 21 bp DNA duplex. These studies are used to support a kinetic model based on nucleic acid end fraying that describes dissociation for both short (< 10 bp) and long (> 10 bp) DNA duplexes. These measurements have been extended to explore temperature-dependent kinetics for the 21 bp construct, which permit determination of single-molecule activation enthalpies and entropies for DNA duplex dissociation. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1012685, PHY 1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant [T32 GM-065103]; National Research Council FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (grants CHE 1012685 and PHY 1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. E. D. H. received funding from a National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant (T32 GM-065103). N.F.D. acknowledges the National Research Council for postdoctoral fellowship support. NR 60 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD JAN 7 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 1 BP 220 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.11.008 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 285QC UT WOS:000329407700027 PM 24411254 ER PT J AU Petz, CW Yang, D Myers, AF Levy, J Floro, JA AF Petz, C. W. Yang, D. Myers, A. F. Levy, J. Floro, J. A. TI Epitaxial Si encapsulation of highly misfitting SiC quantum dot arrays formed on Si (001) SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-STABILITY; DEPOSITION; SI(100) AB This work examines Si overgrowth to encapsulate 3C-SiC quantum dot arrays epitaxially grown on Si substrates. Using transmission electron microscopy, we show how the crystalline quality of the Si cap depends on the growth conditions. Overgrowth at 300 degrees C leads to a planar, epitaxial Si cap, but with small crystallographic rotations in the cap above each quantum dot. At 400 degrees C growth temperature, Si exhibits reduced sticking to the SiC, leading to a non-planar cap. However, a two-step process, with thin layer grown at 250 degrees C followed by growth at 500 degrees C, leads to a planar cap with a much-reduced density of defects. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Petz, C. W.; Floro, J. A.] Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Yang, D.; Levy, J.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Myers, A. F.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Petz, CW (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RI Levy, Jeremy/A-2081-2009 OI Levy, Jeremy/0000-0002-5700-2977 FU United States Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-07ER46421] FX We gratefully acknowledge Professor James Howe for invaluable discussion concerning HRTEM imaging, Priya Ghatwai for help with the microdiffraction analysis, and Jonathan Winterstein for assistance with the HR-HAADF STEM. Support from the United States Department of Energy Office of Basic Energy Sciences is gratefully acknowledged under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46421. Research performed in part in the NanoFab at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 6 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 1 AR 013108 DI 10.1063/1.4859695 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 291OT UT WOS:000329838800073 ER PT J AU Chen, S McKinney, GJ Nichols, KM Sepulveda, MS AF Chen, Shuai McKinney, Garrett J. Nichols, Krista M. Sepulveda, Maria S. TI In Silico Prediction and In Vivo Validation of Daphnia pulex Micrornas SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR; PCR; INHIBITION; LEUKEMIA; GENES; CELLS AB Daphnia pulex, the crustacean with the first sequenced genome, is an important organism that has been widely used in ecological and toxicological research. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 21-25 nucleotide small non-coding RNAs that are involved in a myriad of physiological processes. In this research, we predicted 75 D. pulex miRNAs by sequence homology and secondary structure identification from the full genome sequence. Fourteen predicted miRNAs were selected for quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) validation. Out of these, eight (mir-8, mir-9, mir-12, mir-92, mir-100, mir-133, mir-153 and mir-283) were successfully amplified and validated. Next, expression levels were quantified at three different life stages (days 4, 8 and 12 of age) using U6 spliceosomal RNA as a reference gene. The expression of mir-8, mir-9, mir-12, mir-92 and mir-100 significantly differed across time suggesting these microRNAs might play a critical role during D. pulex development. This is the first study to identify and validate miRNAs in D. pulex, which is an important first step in further studies that evaluate their roles in development and response to environmental and ecological stimuli. C1 [Chen, Shuai; Nichols, Krista M.; Sepulveda, Maria S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [McKinney, Garrett J.; Nichols, Krista M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Nichols, Krista M.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sepulveda, MS (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Forestry & Nat Resources, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM mssepulv@purdue.edu RI Sepulveda, Maria/P-3598-2014 FU Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University FX This research is supported by Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e83708 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0083708 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 286IW UT WOS:000329462700010 PM 24400076 ER PT J AU Gilman, E Chaloupka, M Wiedoff, B Willson, J AF Gilman, Eric Chaloupka, Milani Wiedoff, Brett Willson, Jeremy TI Mitigating Seabird Bycatch during Hauling by Pelagic Longline Vessels SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TUNA FISHERY; CATCH RATES; BY-CATCH; ALBATROSSES; MANAGEMENT; MORTALITY; MODELS; BAIT AB Bycatch in longline fisheries threatens the viability of some seabird populations. The Hawaii longline swordfish fishery reduced seabird captures by an order of magnitude primarily through mitigating bycatch during setting. Now, 75% of captures occur during hauling. We fit observer data to a generalized additive regression model with mixed effects to determine the significance of the effect of various factors on the standardized seabird haul catch rate. Density of albatrosses attending vessels during hauling, leader length and year had largest model effects. The standardized haul catch rate significantly increased with increased albatross density during hauling. The standardized catch rate was significantly higher the longer the leader: shorter leaders place weighted swivels closer to hooks, reducing the likelihood of baited hooks becoming available to surface-scavenging albatrosses. There was a significant linear increasing temporal trend in the standardized catch rate, possibly partly due to an observed increasing temporal trend in the local abundance of albatrosses attending vessels during hauling. Swivel weight, Beaufort scale and season were also significant but smaller model effects. Most (81%) haul captures were on branchlines actively being retrieved. Future haul mitigation research should therefore focus on reducing bird access to hooks as crew coil branchlines, including methods identified here of shorter leaders and heavier swivels, and other potentially effective methods, including faster branchline coiling and shielding the area where hooks becomes accessible. The proportion of Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis) captures that occurred during hauling was significantly, 1.6 times, higher than for black-footed albatrosses (P. nigripes), perhaps due to differences in the time of day of foraging and in daytime scavenging competitiveness; mitigating haul bycatch would therefore be a larger benefit to Laysans. Locally, findings identify opportunities to nearly eliminate seabird bycatch. Globally, findings fill a gap in knowledge of methods to mitigate seabird bycatch during pelagic longline hauling. C1 [Gilman, Eric] Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. [Chaloupka, Milani] Ecol Modeling Serv, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. [Wiedoff, Brett; Willson, Jeremy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Reg Off, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Gilman, E (reprint author), Hawaii Pacific Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM EricLGilman@gmail.com NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD JAN 6 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 1 AR e84499 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084499 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 286IW UT WOS:000329462700030 PM 24400096 ER PT J AU Talin, AA Centrone, A Ford, AC Foster, ME Stavila, V Haney, P Kinney, RA Szalai, V El Gabaly, F Yoon, HP Leonard, F Allendorf, MD AF Talin, A. Alec Centrone, Andrea Ford, Alexandra C. Foster, Michael E. Stavila, Vitalie Haney, Paul Kinney, R. Adam Szalai, Veronika El Gabaly, Farid Yoon, Heayoung P. Leonard, Francois Allendorf, Mark D. TI Tunable Electrical Conductivity in Metal-Organic Framework Thin-Film Devices SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHARGE-TRANSFER; CU-3(BTC)(2); SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRODES; MECHANISM; ROUTE AB We report a strategy for realizing tunable electrical conductivity in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in which the nanopores are infiltrated with redox-active, conjugated guest molecules. This approach is demonstrated using thin-film devices of the MOF Cu-3(BTC)(2) (also known as HKUST-1; BTC, benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid) infiltrated with the molecule 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinododimethane (TCNQ). Tunable, air-stable electrical conductivity over six orders of magnitude is achieved, with values as high as 7 siemens per meter. Spectroscopic data and first-principles modeling suggest that the conductivity arises from TCNQ guest molecules bridging the binuclear copper paddlewheels in the framework, leading to strong electronic coupling between the dimeric Cu subunits. These ohmically conducting porous MOFs could have applications in conformal electronic devices, reconfigurable electronics, and sensors. C1 [Talin, A. Alec; Ford, Alexandra C.; Foster, Michael E.; Stavila, Vitalie; El Gabaly, Farid; Leonard, Francois; Allendorf, Mark D.] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Talin, A. Alec; Centrone, Andrea; Haney, Paul; Kinney, R. Adam; Szalai, Veronika; Yoon, Heayoung P.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Centrone, Andrea; Kinney, R. Adam; Yoon, Heayoung P.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Talin, AA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM aatalin@sandia.gov; mdallen@sandia.gov FU Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) SunShot Program; U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center; U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DESC0001160]; Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials and Engineering Sciences, U.S. DOE [DE-AC04-94AL85000]; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX We thank S. T. Meek for organic synthesis in this work and D. Ruzmetov for help in fabrication. This work was supported by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program at Sandia National Laboratories and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) SunShot Program. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin company, for the U.S. DOE National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. A. A. T. was supported by the Science of Precision Multifunctional Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage (NEES), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. DOE, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DESC0001160. F. E. G. was supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials and Engineering Sciences, U.S. DOE, under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. A. C., R. A. K., and H.P.Y. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 21 TC 250 Z9 251 U1 115 U2 843 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 3 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6166 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.1126/science.1246738 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 282HR UT WOS:000329162000048 PM 24310609 ER PT J AU Bigford, TE AF Bigford, Thomas E. TI We're All Leading the Way SO FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bigford, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Off Habitat Conservat, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Thomas.bigford@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 1 BP 5 EP 43 PG 39 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 295GK UT WOS:000330104400003 ER PT J AU Rabin, RM Temimi, M Stepinski, J Bothwell, PD AF Rabin, Robert M. Temimi, Marouane Stepinski, Jan Bothwell, Phillip D. TI Monitoring surface dryness using geostationary thermal observations SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; AMSR-E; VEGETATION; WETNESS; IMAGER; INDEX AB This study introduces an operational land dryness index (DI) developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) to assist mainly in wildfire risk assessment and forecasting. The index is developed based on observations of daytime rise of surface radiative temperature from the geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES). Thermal measurements of heating rates are normalized using solar radiation, also from GOES, to account for spatial changes in solar time. Maps of the DI are developed systematically over the continental US on a daily basis from cloud-free pixels. In addition, anomalies of the DI are evaluated with respect to a 5-year mean to further classify the extent of dryness.The DI is assessed using (1) the microwave-based soil moisture product from the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), (2) estimates of soil moisture from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS), that is based on the North American land surface model and (3) vegetation cover estimated from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).An overall agreement is found between the DI and microwave-based estimates of soil moisture. The peak absolute correlation, which reached around 0.6, is found in late summer over scrubland. The correlation between the products also shows a seasonal pattern that needs to be corroborated with further observations. The consistency of the developed product with other independent measures implies its reliability and its potential in wildfire forecasting. C1 [Rabin, Robert M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Rabin, Robert M.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Temimi, Marouane; Stepinski, Jan] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Temimi, Marouane] Masdar Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Ctr Water & Environm iWater, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. [Bothwell, Phillip D.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Rabin, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Bob.Rabin@noaa.gov FU NOAA; GIMPAP program [NA08NES4280019]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-CREST [NA06OAR4810162, NA11SEC4810004] FX This study was supported and monitored by the NOAA and GIMPAP program under Grant NA08NES4280019. This study was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-CREST [under grants number NA06OAR4810162] and [NA11SEC4810004]. We are grateful to the USGS EROS data center for making the NDVI data available. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 5 IS 1 BP 10 EP 18 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2013.862601 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 291JH UT WOS:000329824500002 ER PT J AU Amais, RS Long, SE Nobrega, JA Christopher, SJ AF Amais, Renata S. Long, Stephen E. Nobrega, Joaquim A. Christopher, Steven J. TI Determination of trace sulfur in biodiesel and diesel standard reference materials by isotope dilution sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Sulfur; Fuel; Microwave-assisted digestion; Diluted nitric acid; Isotope dilution; ID-SF-ICP-MS ID MICROWAVE-ASSISTED DIGESTION; OPTICAL-EMISSION SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; FOSSIL-FUELS; GAS OILS; ACIDS AB A method is described for quantification of sulfur at low concentrations on the order of mg kg(-1) in biodiesel and diesel fuels using isotope dilution and sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-SF-ICP-MS). Closed vessel microwave-assisted digestion was employed using a diluted nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide decomposition medium to reduce sample dilution volumes. Medium resolution mode was employed to eliminate isobaric interferences at S-32 and S-34 related to polyatomic phosphorus and oxygen species, and sulfur hydride species. The method outlined yielded respective limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) of 0.7 mg kg(-1) S and 2.5 mg kg(-1) S (in the sample). The LOD was constrained by instrument background counts at S-32 but was sufficient to facilitate value assignment of total S mass fraction in NIST SRM 2723b Sulfur in Diesel Fuel Oil at 9.06 +/- 0.13 mg kg(-1). No statistically significant difference at a 95% confidence level was observed between the measured and certified values for certified reference materials NIST SRM 2773 B100 Biodiesel (Animal-Based), CENAM DRM 272b and NIST SRM 2723a Sulfur in Diesel Fuel Oil, validating method accuracy. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Amais, Renata S.; Nobrega, Joaquim A.] Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Chem, Grp Appl Instrumental Anal, BR-13560 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Long, Stephen E.; Christopher, Steven J.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Charleston, SC USA. RP Christopher, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Charleston, SC USA. EM steven.christopher@nist.gov RI Nobrega, Joaquim/E-1789-2014; Amais, Renata /N-1882-2013 OI Nobrega, Joaquim/0000-0001-9134-9547; FU Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2010/17387-7, 2012/00920-0] FX The authors would like to thank grants 2010/17387-7 and 2012/00920-0, Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). We also gratefully acknowledge our fellow co-workers Dr. W. Clay Davis and Dr. Y. Nuevo-Ordonez for instrument operations assistance for sulfur measurements via SF-ICP-MS, and Dr. John Molloy for coordination of S measurement efforts for the fuel oils SRM program. NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 31 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 806 BP 91 EP 96 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.056 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 273XF UT WOS:000328568900007 PM 24331043 ER PT J AU Li, MD You, R Mulholland, GW Zachariah, MR AF Li, Mingdong You, Rian Mulholland, George W. Zachariah, Michael R. TI Development of a Pulsed-Field Differential Mobility Analyzer: A Method for Measuring Shape Parameters for Nonspherical Particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GOLD NANORODS; ELECTROSPRAY; AEROSOL; ORIENTATION; SCATTERING AB For a nonspherical particle, a standard differential mobility analyzer (DMA) measurement yields a mobility-equivalent spherical diameter, but provides no information about the degree of sphericity. However, given that the electrical mobility for nonspheres is orientation-dependent, and that orientation can be manipulated using electric fields of varying strength, one can, in principle, extract some type of shape information through a systematic measurement of mobility as a function of particle orientation. Here, we describe the development of a pulsed-field differential mobility analyzer (PFDMA) which enables one to change the peak E-field experienced by the particle to induce orientation, while still maintaining the same time-averaged field strength as a standard DMA experiment. The instrument is validated with polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres with accurately known size, and gold rods with dimensions accurately determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We demonstrate how the instrument can be used for particle separation and extraction of shape information. In particular, we show how one can extract both length and diameter information for rod-like particles. This generic approach can be used to obtain dynamic shape factors or other multivariate dimensional information (e.g., length and diameter). Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research C1 [Li, Mingdong; You, Rian; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Li, Mingdong; You, Rian; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] NIST, Dept Chem & Biochem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, 2125 Martin Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Li, Mingdong/G-6957-2014 OI Li, Mingdong/0000-0001-5890-7156 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 25 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN 2 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 1 BP 22 EP 30 DI 10.1080/02786826.2013.850150 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 269MM UT WOS:000328245400003 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah GP Inst Navigat TI The 50th Birthday of the Two Sample Allan Variance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2014 CL Boston,, MA C1 [Levine, Judah] NIST Boulder, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), NIST Boulder, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Judah.Levine@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 5 EP 14 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BD9OW UT WOS:000365041500002 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA Levine, J Lopez, JM Jimenez, F Bernard, J Gertsvolf, M Sanchez, H Fallas, OG Forero, LCH de Carvalho, RJ Fittipaldi, MN Solis, RF Espejo, F AF Lombardi, Michael A. Levine, Judah Mauricio Lopez, J. Jimenez, Francisco Bernard, John Gertsvolf, Marina Sanchez, Harold Fallas, Oscar G. Hernandez Forero, Liz Catherine de Carvalho, Ricardo Jose Fittipaldi, Mario N. Solis, Raul F. Espejo, Franklin GP Inst Navigat TI International Comparisons of Network Time Protocol Servers SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2014 CL Boston,, MA AB This paper describes a recently designed system that measures the time transmitted by network time protocol (NTP) servers located in North, Central, and South America. Direct measurements of the time transmitted by each server are obtained by comparing the received time stamps to the Cordinated Universal Time scale, UTC(NIST), located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado. International comparisons of the time differences between servers are obtained by utilizing UTC(NIST) as a common-view observation signal Results of both direct and common-view measurements are published in real time via the web site of the Sistema Interamericano de Metrologia (SIM) Time and Frequency Metrology Working Group, providing verification of a given server's accuracy. The paper describes the NTP measurement system, and presents results from direct comparison and common-view measurements. It also discusses factors that contribute uncertainty to NTP measurements; in particular network asymmetry caused by inconsistent routing and/or network congestion. C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.; Levine, Judah] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mauricio Lopez, J.; Jimenez, Francisco] Ctr Nacl Metrol CENAM, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. [Bernard, John; Gertsvolf, Marina] NRC, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Sanchez, Harold; Fallas, Oscar G.] ICE, San Jose, Costa Rica. [Hernandez Forero, Liz Catherine] INM, Bogota, Colombia. [de Carvalho, Ricardo Jose; Fittipaldi, Mario N.] Natl Observ ONRJ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Espejo, Franklin] Ctr Nacl Metrol Panama CENAMEP, Panama City, Panama. [Espejo, Franklin] Inst Boliviano Metrol IBMETRO, La Paz, Bolivia. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 57 EP 66 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BD9OW UT WOS:000365041500010 ER PT J AU Zhang, V Li, ZQ AF Zhang, Victor Li, Zhiqi GP Inst Navigat TI Measured Ionospheric Delay Correction for Code-based GPS Time Transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2014 CL Boston,, MA AB The use of dual-frequency multichannel receivers in GPS time and frequency transfer applications is increasing. Instead of using the modeled ionospheric delay correction or using the IGS ionospheric map, we can obtain the ionospheric delay corrections from the receivers' dual-frequency measurements. For time and frequency transfer based on the pseudo-range measurements (code-based GPS time and frequency transfer), the CGGTTS format data are used for remote clock comparisons. All of the delays involved in measuring the difference between a local clock and GPS time must be calibrated for time transfer applications. If the receiver delay for the dual-frequency measurements is not calibrated or if the delay has changed, the measured ionospheric delay corrections will add uncertainty to the time transfer results. In this paper, we study the measured ionospheric delay correction for code-based GPS time transfer. C1 [Zhang, Victor; Li, Zhiqi] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhang, V (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM vzhang@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 144 EP 148 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BD9OW UT WOS:000365041500023 ER PT J AU Yao, J Levine, J AF Yao, Jian Levine, Judah GP Inst Navigat TI GPS Measurements Anomaly and Continuous GPS Carrier-Phase Time Transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2014 CL Boston,, MA DE GPS; carrier phase; time transfer; precise point positioning (PPP); boundary discontinuity; anomaly boundary discontinuity (anomaly-BD); curve fitting AB The wide application of GPS carrier-phase (CP) time transfer is limited by the problem of boundary discontinuity (BD). The discontinuity has two categories. One is "day boundary discontinuity," which has been studied extensively and can be solved by a few methods [1-5]. The other category of discontinuity, called "anomaly boundary discontinuity (anomaly-BD)," comes from a GPS-measurements data anomaly. This paper focuses on the second category of discontinuity (i.e., anomaly-BD). We first demonstrate that a few minutes of GPS-measurements data anomaly are enough to lead to a discontinuity of more than 200 picoseconds in the GPS CP time transfer. To eliminate the anomaly-BD, we propose a simple, but powerful strategy, i.e., polynomial curve-fitting for the anomaly. The fitted phase measurement is typically less than 3 cm from the original phase measurement, in terms of the root mean square (RMS). And the fitted code measurement is typically less than 80 cm from the original code measurement. If we replace the anomaly with the fitted data, we can avoid the re-estimation of the phase ambiguities after the anomaly. Thus, the anomaly-BD at the anomaly should disappear. Tests show that the curve-fitting strategy works very well for up to 20 min of GPS-measurements data anomaly. C1 [Yao, Jian] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian.yao@colorado.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 164 EP 169 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BD9OW UT WOS:000365041500026 ER PT J AU Weiss, M Cosart, L Hanssen, J Hicks, S Chase, C Brown, C Allen, C Johnson, P Wiltsie, G Coleman, D AF Weiss, M. Cosart, L. Hanssen, J. Hicks, S. Chase, C. Brown, C. Allen, C. Johnson, P. Wiltsie, G. Coleman, D. GP Inst Navigat TI Ethernet Time Transfer through a US Commercial Optical Telecommunications Network SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 46TH ANNUAL PRECISE TIME AND TIME INTERVAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Applications Meeting CY DEC 01-04, 2014 CL Boston,, MA AB There is a need to back up critical timing infrastructure at the national level. This paper describes a joint project employing commercial equipment to send national timing signals through a telecommunication network. This experiment connects UTC(NIST) in Boulder, Colorado with UTC(USNO) at the Alternate Master Clock at Schriever AFB via a telecommunication provider's optical network using the Precise Time Protocol (PTP) to compare the time standards The experiment was started in April 2014 and will run through the end of 2014. The paper provides insight into both the planning and validation of the transport path as well as analysis of the experimental data. The focus here is using a US commercial telecom carrier to transfer time between two national real-time standards of UTC. While many researchers have shown that fiber can transfer time and frequency with high accuracy, this experiment addresses the practicality of using the US telecom infrastructure for timing. Our results thus far show a bias of about 40 microseconds between the two one-way directions of PTP signals, with the best method having a variation of under about 50 nanoseconds peak-to-peak. Research is continuing to determine the cause of the bias. C1 [Weiss, M.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Hanssen, J.] US Naval Observ, Time Serv Dept, Washington, DC 20392 USA. RP Weiss, M (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM mweiss@nist.gov; lee.cosart@microsemi.com; james.hanssen@usno.navy.mil NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 214 EP 220 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Physics; Telecommunications GA BD9OW UT WOS:000365041500032 ER PT S AU Magdowski, M Ladbury, J Holloway, C Vick, R AF Magdowski, Mathias Ladbury, John Holloway, Christopher Vick, Ralf GP IEEE TI Measurement of the Stochastic Electromagnetic Field Coupling to an Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC EUROPE) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Europe) CY SEP 01-04, 2014 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN SP Huawei, ESI Group, NOLATO SlLIKONTEKNIK DE electromagnetic coupling; immunity testing; reverberation chambers; statistical distributions; transmission lines AB Measurements of the field-to-wire coupling to an unshielded twisted pair of wires have been carried out in a reverberation chamber. The wires were twisted as a helix around a dielectric support and placed inside the chamber's working volume. The coupled voltage at one end of the line was measured by amplitude and phase for different pitch lengths, frequencies, and terminations of the other end using a vector network analyzer. To connect the symmetric wire pair with the asymmetric input of the analyzer a balun was used. For comparison with simulations, the quality factor of the chamber was determined from the coupling between two antennas. The measurements were done for different stirrer positions and the results were analyzed statistically. C1 [Magdowski, Mathias; Vick, Ralf] Otto Von Guericke Univ, Magdeburg, Germany. [Ladbury, John; Holloway, Christopher] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Magdowski, M (reprint author), Otto Von Guericke Univ, Magdeburg, Germany. EM mathias.magdowski@ovgu.de; john.ladbury@nist.gov RI Magdowski, Mathias/F-1348-2013 OI Magdowski, Mathias/0000-0002-1512-5354 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4799-3226-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2014 BP 659 EP 664 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD9NN UT WOS:000364988600121 ER PT S AU Senic, D Holloway, CL Ladbury, JM Koepke, GH Sarolic, A AF Senic, Damir Holloway, Christopher L. Ladbury, John M. Koepke, Galen H. Sarolic, Antonio GP IEEE TI Absorption Characteristics and SAR of a Lossy Sphere inside a Reverberation Chamber SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC EUROPE) SE IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC Europe) CY SEP 01-04, 2014 CL Gothenburg, SWEDEN SP Huawei, ESI Group, NOLATO SlLIKONTEKNIK DE absorption cross section; specific absorption rate SAR; lossy dielectric sphere; reverberation chamber ID CHILD MODELS; 3 GHZ; FREQUENCIES; ADULT; BODY; MHZ AB This study presents an experimental approach to the analysis of absorption characteristics of a lossy dielectric object in a reverberant environment. The study used a canonically shaped water-filled sphere, convenient for Absorption cross-section ACS calculations (analytical or by simulations), and measured the internal temperature rise when exposed to RF radiation. All measurements were conducted in a reverberation chamber. The internal temperature rise due to EM absorption was used to calculate actual SAR, using the bio-heat equation. This was done at two discrete frequencies: 1 GHz and 1.8 GHz. ACS was derived experimentally from scattering parameters measured for a loaded and unloaded chamber. Measured ACS results were compared to the ones calculated analytically using Mie scattering theory, and to the ones calculated from SAR simulations using SEMCAD X, in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 8 GHz. The results show a good agreement, forming a basis for an experimental procedure that can then be used for other less canonical shapes. The results obtained for actual SAR in the reverberation chamber are indicative and can serve as a reference for further exposure studies. C1 [Senic, Damir; Sarolic, Antonio] Univ Split, Fac Elect Engn Mech Engn & Naval Architecture FES, Split, Croatia. [Holloway, Christopher L.; Ladbury, John M.; Koepke, Galen H.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Senic, D (reprint author), Univ Split, Fac Elect Engn Mech Engn & Naval Architecture FES, Split, Croatia. EM Damir.Senic@fesb.hr NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2158-110X BN 978-1-4799-3226-9 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELEC PY 2014 BP 962 EP 967 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD9NN UT WOS:000364988600174 ER PT B AU Coursey, BM AF Coursey, Bert M. BE Webster, JG Eren, H TI Radioactivity Measurement SO MEASUREMENT, INSTRUMENTATION, AND SENSORS HANDBOOK: SPATIAL, MECHANICAL, THERMAL, AND RADIATION MEASUREMENT, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Coursey, Bert M.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coursey, BM (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-4889-0; 978-1-4398-4888-3 PY 2014 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BD7IZ UT WOS:000363202800081 ER PT J AU Fritz, LW Towell, R Gelatt, TS Johnson, DS Loughlin, TR AF Fritz, Lowell W. Towell, Rod Gelatt, Thomas S. Johnson, Devin S. Loughlin, Thomas R. TI Recent increases in survival of western Steller sea lions in Alaska and implications for recovery SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS POPULATION; NUTRITIONAL STRESS HYPOTHESIS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; FUR SEALS; DECLINE; PACIFIC; AGE; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; DEMOGRAPHY AB Survival rates of endangered western stock Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus east of Samalga Pass (similar to 170 degrees W) have rebounded to nearly the same levels estimated for the 1970s prior to their decline in abundance. We estimated survival of sea lions hot-branded as pups (N = 1449) in 2000-2005 using Cormack-Jolly-Seber mark-recapture models and sighting data collected through 2011. Survivorship to Age 7 yr was greater for females (range: 0.352-0.386) than males (0.228-0.275), but was similar for each sex across the study area. Survival was lowest in the first year and increased through Age 4+ yr for both sexes in the eastern Gulf of Alaska (144-150 degrees W). However, to the west, first-year survivorship was greater or equal to that of Year 2, and the difference was generally greater for males than females. Regional differences in the pattern of early survival could reflect spatial variability in early life history (e. g. duration of maternal care, growth rate) or habitat characteristics (e. g. prey availability, rates of predation). Population models indicate that natality of the increasing population east of Samalga Pass in 2000-2012 may not be significantly different from rates estimated for the 1970s prior to the decline in overall western abundance. Given current information, western Steller sea lions may satisfy the stock-wide demographic down-listing (to threatened status) criterion by 2015. However, due to continued abundance declines west of Samalga Pass, where no survival data are currently available, it is less certain that the western stock's regional down-listing criteria will be achieved. C1 [Fritz, Lowell W.; Towell, Rod; Gelatt, Thomas S.; Johnson, Devin S.; Loughlin, Thomas R.] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fritz, LW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM lowell.fritz@noaa.gov NR 62 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.3354/esr00634 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AW7DP UT WOS:000346425100002 ER PT J AU Hamner, RM Wade, P Oremus, M Stanley, M Brown, P Constantine, R Baker, CS AF Hamner, Rebecca M. Wade, Paul Oremus, Marc Stanley, Martin Brown, Phillip Constantine, Rochelle Baker, C. Scott TI Critically low abundance and limits to human-related mortality for the Maui's dolphin SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; HECTORS DOLPHIN; CETACEANS AB The New Zealand endemic Maui's dolphin Cephalorhynchus hectori maui is characterized by several life history traits thought to be important predictors of extinction risk in marine mammals, including a slow rate of reproduction, small geographic range, small group size, and coastal distribution. We continued the genetic monitoring of the remnant population of Maui's dolphins using DNA profiles to identify 39 individuals from 73 skin biopsy samples collected during dedicated boat surveys in the austral summers of 2010 and 2011. Using a 2-sample, closed-population model with the genotype recapture records, we estimated the current abundance to be N = 55 individuals approximately age 1+ (95% confidence limits = 48, 69; coefficient of variation = 0.15). The endangered species potential biological removal that would permit the recovery of the Maui's dolphin was calculated to be 1 dolphin every 10 to 23 yr. Despite this, the Maui's dolphin is not necessarily doomed to extinction. It appears to be maintaining an equal sex ratio and connectivity within its remnant range and has the potential for rescue by interbreeding with Hector's dolphin C. h. hectori migrants. C1 [Hamner, Rebecca M.; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hamner, Rebecca M.; Baker, C. Scott] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Hamner, Rebecca M.; Oremus, Marc; Constantine, Rochelle; Baker, C. Scott] Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1142, New Zealand. [Wade, Paul] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98155 USA. [Stanley, Martin; Brown, Phillip] Auckland Conservancy, New Zealand Dept Conservat, Auckland 1145, New Zealand. RP Hamner, RM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rebecca.hamner@oregonstate.edu OI Constantine, Rochelle/0000-0003-3260-539X NR 32 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 8 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 26 IS 1 BP 87 EP 92 DI 10.3354/esr00621 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AW7DP UT WOS:000346425100007 ER PT J AU Prieto, R Silva, MA Waring, GT Goncalves, JMA AF Prieto, Rui Silva, Monica A. Waring, Gordon T. Goncalves, Joao M. A. TI Sei whale movements and behaviour in the North Atlantic inferred from satellite telemetry SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; STATE-SPACE MODEL; BALAENOPTERA-BOREALIS; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MARINE PREDATOR; BALEEN WHALES; CONSERVATION; POPULATIONS; TRACKING AB The stock structure of the sei whale Balaenoptera borealis in the North Atlantic is unknown, despite years of commercial hunting. New and up-to-date data on distribution and movements are essential for the creation of plausible hypotheses about the stock structure of this species. Between 2008 and 2009 satellite tracks of 8 sei whales were obtained, 7 during spring and 1 in late September. Using a hierarchical switching state-space model we investigated the movements, behaviour and the role of distinct areas in their life history. Two distinct phases corresponding to migratory and foraging movements were identified. A migratory corridor between the Azores and the Labrador Sea is clearly identifiable from the data. Behaviour consistent with foraging was observed frequently in the Labrador Sea, showing that it constitutes an important feeding ground. A link between the Labrador Sea and other feeding grounds to the east is deemed likely. The data also support a discrete feeding ground in the Gulf of Maine and off Nova Scotia. A possible link between the feeding grounds in the Labrador Sea and wintering grounds off northwestern Africa is proposed. C1 [Prieto, Rui; Silva, Monica A.; Goncalves, Joao M. A.] Univ Acores, IMAR, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. [Prieto, Rui; Silva, Monica A.; Goncalves, Joao M. A.] Univ Acores, LARSyS, Associated Lab, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. [Silva, Monica A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Waring, Gordon T.] NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Prieto, R (reprint author), Univ Acores, IMAR, Dept Oceanog & Pescas, P-9901862 Horta, Portugal. EM rprieto@uac.pt RI Silva, Monica/D-1893-2012; OI Silva, Monica/0000-0002-2683-309X; Goncalves, Joao Manuel/0000-0001-7717-658X NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 5 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 26 IS 2 BP 103 EP 113 DI 10.3354/esr00630 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AW7DY UT WOS:000346425900002 ER PT J AU Pace, RM Cole, TVN Henry, AG AF Pace, Richard M., III Cole, Timothy V. N. Henry, Allison G. TI Incremental fishing gear modifications fail to significantly reduce large whale serious injury rates SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE AB A major and immediate goal of the US Marine Mammal Protection Act is the reduction of marine mammal mortality incidental with commercial fishing operations. Under articles of the Act, the Atlantic Large Whale Take Reduction Plan (ALWTRP) was developed and implemented to reduce entanglement mortality of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis, Gulf of Maine humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae, and western North Atlantic fin whales Balaenoptera physalus by requiring modifications to commercial fishing gear (i.e. pots and sink gillnets). Although they undercount the number of entanglements, counts of detected incidents of entanglements and entanglement-related mortality are the primary index to entanglement mortality. We analyzed the annual counts of large whale entanglements including serious injuries and mortalities attributed to entanglements to evaluate the effectiveness of the ALWTRP from 1999 to 2009. The annual number of mortality events (including serious injuries) related to fishing gear entanglements averaged 2.5 for right whales, 6.5 for humpbacks, 0.6 for fin whales, and 2.4 for minke whales B. acutorostrata. Annual entanglement rates increased during the study period, but evidence for increased rates of entanglement-related mortality was equivocal. No significant changes occurred in waiting time (the number of days between entanglement events) in response to any management measures implemented to reduce large whale mortalities between 1998 and 2009, implying that these measures were generally ineffective in abating whale deaths from entanglements in fishing gear. C1 [Pace, Richard M., III; Cole, Timothy V. N.; Henry, Allison G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Pace, RM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM richard.pace@NOAA.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 5 U2 20 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 26 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.3354/esr00635 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AW7DY UT WOS:000346425900003 ER PT J AU Rosel, PE Wilcox, LA AF Rosel, Patricia E. Wilcox, Lynsey A. TI Genetic evidence reveals a unique lineage of Bryde's whales in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BALAENOPTERA-BRYDEI; POPULATION DIFFERENTIATION; CONTROL REGION; CYTOCHROME-B; BALEEN WHALE; MITOCHONDRIAL; ATLANTIC; CETACEANS; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION AB Bryde's whales Balaenoptera edeni are the only year-round resident baleen whale species in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOMx). The current population abundance estimate is 33 (CV 1.07) and the population is severely restricted in range. We characterized genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of these whales to other members of the Bryde's whale complex. We analyzed DNA sequence data from 3 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and 9 nuclear genes, and examined 42 nuclear microsatellite loci for 21 Bryde's whale samples collected in the GOMx and 2 from the western North Atlantic. mtDNA diversity was extremely low; only 2 haplotypes were found in the first 375 bp of the control region and no variability in cytb or cox1 genes was seen. Twenty-five microsatellite loci were monomorphic, 16 had 2 or 3 alleles, and 1 had 4 alleles. Most nuclear genes exhibited shared alleles across balaenopterid species. Phylogenetic reconstruction using the control region and all published Bryde's whale sequences revealed that GOMx Bryde's whale haplotypes are evolutionarily distinct from other members of the Bryde's whale complex examined to date. Within the first 375 bp of the control region, we found 25-26 fixed differences between GOMx haplotypes and those from sei whales and the 2 recognized Bryde's whale subspecies. The GOMx whales are as divergent as these subspecies and species are from each other. The level of divergence suggests a unique evolutionary trajectory worthy of its own taxonomic standing. The small population size and markedly low genetic diversity raise conservation concern for this unique group of whales. RP Rosel, PE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 646 Cajundome Blvd, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM patricia.rosel@noaa.gov NR 82 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 25 IS 1 BP 19 EP 34 DI 10.3354/esr00606 PG 16 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AQ0EP UT WOS:000342455900002 ER PT J AU Soldevilla, MS Rice, AN Clark, CW Garrison, LP AF Soldevilla, Melissa S. Rice, Aaron N. Clark, Christopher W. Garrison, Lance P. TI Passive acoustic monitoring on the North Atlantic right whale calving grounds SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CALL SOURCE LEVELS; EUBALAENA-GLACIALIS; CONTACT CALLS; AMBIENT NOISE; SOUND PRODUCTION; BERING-SEA; PACIFIC; HABITAT; OCEAN AB North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis calve during winter off Florida and Georgia, USA, a region of high shipping traffic, and ship-strike risk is a concern. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) of right whales on their foraging grounds increases detection opportunities to inform mariners of right whale presence and reduce the likelihood of ship strike. This study evaluates the effectiveness of PAM on right whale calving grounds by documenting the occurrence of right whale call detections on 2 types of acoustic instruments deployed off the coasts of Savannah, GA, and Jacksonville, FL, and comparing results with visual sightings and ambient noise conditions. Over 400 right whale calling events were detected on archival marine acoustic recording units (MARUs) at 2 sites across 2 seasons, and 92% of these calling events included right whale upcalls. Daily detections on archival MARUs and near-real time Autobuoys, which automatically detect upcalls, were significantly correlated and occurred on up to 25% of days off Savannah and 46% of days off Jacksonville. Visual aerial surveys detected right whales within 20 km of each acoustic site on a similar proportion of days with visual survey effort (15 to 33% off Savannah and 34 to 43% off Jacksonville). Acoustic methods enabled greater temporal effort, yielding a 2- to 10-fold increase in days with right whale detections over visual methods. Shipping noise and fish chorusing likely mask right whale call detections. However, considering the high number of right whale calling event detections by PAM during this study the results indicate that this is an effective method to augment detection of right whales in this environment, especially at night when they cannot be seen. C1 [Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Garrison, Lance P.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Rice, Aaron N.; Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Univ, Bioacoust Res Program, Cornell Lab Ornithol, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Soldevilla, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM melissa.soldevilla@noaa.gov OI Rice, Aaron/0000-0002-8598-9705 NR 76 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 14 U2 24 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 25 IS 2 BP 115 EP 140 DI 10.3354/esr00603 PG 26 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AW7DJ UT WOS:000346424500002 ER PT J AU O'Neill, SM Ylitalo, GM West, JE AF O'Neill, Sandra M. Ylitalo, Gina M. West, James E. TI Energy content of Pacific salmon as prey of northern and southern resident killer whales SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ADULT SOCKEYE-SALMON; ORCINUS-ORCA; CHINOOK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; SALAR; PROFITABILITY; REPRODUCTION AB Recovery of depleted species is difficult, but it can be especially complex when the target species interacts strongly with other depleted species. Such is the case for northern and southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca which are listed as 'endangered' under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) and Canada's Species at Risk Act. These resident killer whales prey heavily on Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., including several 'evolutionarily significant units' also listed under the ESA. In response to concerns that a depleted prey base may affect killer whale recovery, we analyzed proximate composition and calculated caloric content of Pacific salmon to evaluate the importance of salmon species, population, body size, and lipid levels in determining their energy content as prey for killer whales. We sampled all 5 species of Pacific salmon, but emphasized Chinook salmon, a predominant prey of killer whales. Energy density (kcal kg(-1)) was highly correlated with lipid content, whereas total energy value (kcal fish(-1)) was determined primarily by fish mass and secondarily by lipid content. These salmon energetics data can be used to provide better precision and estimates on the caloric value of prey to killer whales. To facilitate application of these results to the co-management of salmon and killer whales, we produced a simple relationship that uses fish length to predict total energy of Chinook salmon as prey where population-specific energy densities and fish masses are lacking. Benefits to killer whales from possible salmon fishery closures, or other activities that affect prey availability, will depend on the salmon species and populations involved. C1 [O'Neill, Sandra M.; Ylitalo, Gina M.] NOAA, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [West, James E.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, 600 Capitol Way North, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM sandra.oneill@dfw.wa.gov NR 58 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 25 IS 3 BP 265 EP 281 DI 10.3354/esr00631 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AU4TX UT WOS:000345605300005 ER PT J AU Becker, EA Forney, KA Foley, DG Smith, RC Moore, TJ Barlow, J AF Becker, Elizabeth A. Forney, Karin A. Foley, David G. Smith, Raymond C. Moore, Thomas J. Barlow, Jay TI Predicting seasonal density patterns of California cetaceans based on habitat models SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AERIAL SURVEYS; STATISTICAL POWER; NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; ABUNDANCE; OCEAN; DOLPHIN; VARIABILITY AB Temporal variability in species distribution remains a major source of uncertainty in managing protected marine species, particularly in ecosystems with significant seasonal or inter-annual variation, such as the California Current Ecosystem (CCE). Spatially explicit species habitat models have become valuable tools for decision makers assisting in the development and implementation of measures to reduce adverse impacts (e.g. from fishery bycatch, ship strikes, anthropogenic sound), but such models are often not available for all seasons of interest. Broad-scale migratory patterns of many of the large whale species are well known, while seasonal distribution shifts of small cetaceans are typically less well understood. Within the CCE, species habitat models have been developed based on 6 summer-fall surveys conducted during 1991 to 2008. We evaluated whether the between-year oceanographic variability can inform species predictions during winter spring periods. Generalized additive models were developed to predict abundance of 4 cetacean species/genera known to have year-round occurrence in the CCE: common dolphins Delphinus spp., Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliguidens, northern right whale dolphin Lissodelphis borealis, and Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli. Predictor variables included a combination of temporally dynamic, remotely sensed environmental variables and geographically fixed variables. Across-season predictive ability was evaluated relative to aerial surveys conducted in winter spring 1991 to 1992, using observed:predicted density ratios, non-parametric Spearman rank correlation tests, and visual inspection of predicted and observed distributions by species. Seasonal geographic patterns of species density were captured effectively for most species, although some model limitations were evident, particularly when the original summer-fall data did not adequately capture winter-spring habitat conditions. RP Becker, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM ebecker77@cox.net OI Moore, Thomas/0000-0002-0243-6049 NR 80 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 31 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 1 EP 22 DI 10.3354/esr00548 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AC0NY UT WOS:000332193200001 ER PT J AU Frey, A Dutton, PH Shaver, DJ Walker, JS Rubio, C AF Frey, Amy Dutton, Peter H. Shaver, Donna J. Walker, Jennifer Shelby Rubio, Cynthia TI Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii nesting abundance in Texas, USA: a novel approach using genetics to improve population census SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; TURTLE CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLE; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SIBSHIP INFERENCE; GREEN TURTLES; RECONSTRUCTION; CONSERVATION; PARENTAGE AB Accurate estimates of the annual numbers of nesting females are critical for assessing sea turtle populations. Nesting by Kemp's ridley Lepidochelys kempii turtles has significantly increased at Padre Island National Seashore and nearby beaches in Texas, USA. Four nests were observed in Texas during 1995 and a record of 209 in 2012. However, it is unclear how many clutches are laid by the same females. We used a genetic approach to infer the number of individual nesters from genotypes determined from dead embryos and hatchlings sampled from clutches. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing was combined with nuclear DNA analysis at 10 microsatellite loci to match genotypes for nesters and offspring of unknown parentage in over 50 % of the unassigned nests. Our results indicate that traditional methods, based on observed tagged turtles, have underestimated the number of Kemp's ridleys nesting in Texas. We demonstrate how genetic approaches can be incorporated into population assessments when direct census of adult animals is not feasible. This approach also provides a basis to apply capture mark recapture techniques to assess the impact of events, such as the recent oil spill, on the population via sampling of nests to identify and track individual nesters over time. RP Frey, A (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM amy.frey@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 8 U2 29 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 23 IS 1 BP 63 EP 71 DI 10.3354/esr00565 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AC0NY UT WOS:000332193200005 ER PT J AU Pereira, JJ Schultz, ET Auster, PJ AF Pereira, Jose J. Schultz, Eric T. Auster, Peter J. TI Geospatial analysis of habitat use by silver hake Merluccius bilinearis in the Gulf of Maine SO ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GEORGES BANK; POPULATION REGULATION; WINTER FLOUNDER; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; FISH; RECRUITMENT; DISTRIBUTIONS; ATLANTIC; INDEXES AB Three theories of habitat use proposed for marine fishes, the constant density model (CDM), the proportional density model (PDM), and the basin model (BM), make contrasting predictions of how the range, local density, and fitness change as population size changes. We tested model predictions using a survey of silver hake Merluccius bilinearis conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service every spring and fall. Data on fish length, sex, weight, and reproductive status are collected. Despite a 50% population reduction over the time period of the survey, the geographic area occupied by silver hake did not change significantly. Local density in preferred habitat remained a constant proportion of the entire population. Fitness (as indicated by individual condition) varied over a fine spatial scale, reflected in a pattern of spatial autocorrelation of 10s to 100s of kilometers. Fitness did not exhibit density dependence, except in one case, females in the fall, probably due to the higher energy needs of the females. The results indicate that silver hake conform to the PDM, a site-dependent model, and yet we found some evidence of density dependence in our measure of fitness. Site dependence may work in concert with density dependence to regulate population size. Sites silver hake depend on may be the spawning areas along the coast, which may already be in legislatively protected areas. Our study illustrates that an understanding of habitat use is important for crafting conservation or management measures that lead to maintenance of a stable population. RP Pereira, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM jose.pereira@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1863-5407 EI 1613-4796 J9 ENDANGER SPECIES RES JI Endanger. Species Res. PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 219 EP 227 DI 10.3354/esr00576 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation SC Biodiversity & Conservation GA AE5SL UT WOS:000334049000003 ER PT J AU Le Marshall, J Jung, JA Lee, J Barnet, C Maddy, ES AF Le Marshall, John Jung, James A. Lee, Jin Barnet, Chris Maddy, Eric S. TI Improving tropospheric and stratospheric moisture analysis with hyperspectral infrared radiances SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SOUNDER AB The accurate analysis of humidity fields on a global scale is essential in numerical weather prediction to forecast extreme weather and for monitoring and predicting climate. Tropospheric humidity is not well observed by the conventional observing system where radiosonde and aircraft based observations still leave large volumes unobserved, particularly over the southern oceans and in the tropics. As a result, use of satellite remote sensing is essential to produce accurate humidity fields. Through use of hyperspectral infrared radiances and a nine month Observing System Experiment (OSE) from 1 March to 30 November 2010, we show results demonstrating considerably improved analysis and short-term forecast humidity fields when verified against radiosonde data. This improvement of analysed moisture fields is potentially an important precursor to improved modeling of moisture fields and, as a result, improved prediction of severe weather, rainfall and cloud cover in a number of circumstances. C1 [Barnet, Chris] NOAA, NESDIS, SMCD, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM j.lemarshall@bom.gov.au FU NOAA [NA10NES4400013] FX Many thanks are due to Terry Adair for his assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. We would also like to thank Paul van Delst and Antonia Gambacorta for their radiative transfer expertise and channel selection. We would also like to thank Russ Treadon and Daryl Kleist for their help with using the GDAS/GFS. Part of this work was funded under NOAA grant NA10NES4400013. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 1836-716X J9 AUST METEOROL OCEAN JI Aust. Meteorol. Oceanogr. J. PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 283 EP 288 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA CV8FH UT WOS:000364515800004 ER PT S AU Canales, JP Dunn, RA Ito, G Detrick, RS Sallares, V AF Canales, Juan Pablo Dunn, Robert A. Ito, Garrett Detrick, Robert S. Sallares, Valenti BE Harpp, KS Mittelstaedt, E DOzouville, N Graham, DW TI Effect of Variations in Magma Supply on the Crustal Structure of Mid-Ocean Ridges: Insights from the Western Galapagos Spreading Center SO Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; PARTIALLY MOLTEN ROCKS; OCEANIC LOWER CRUST; SEISMIC STRUCTURE; UPPER-MANTLE; HYDROTHERMAL CIRCULATION; GEOCHEMICAL VARIATIONS; MELT DISTRIBUTION; WAVE VELOCITIES AB We report results from a seismic refraction experiment across three sections of the Western Galapagos Spreading Center (WGSC) with contrasting axial morphology. Tomography models show the presence of an axial low-velocity zone at the three study areas. After correcting for thermal effects, we estimate the melt content within these regions. At each of the three sites, the largest melt reservoir is located at or just below the Moho, which is 5.25 km deep at site GALA-1 within an axial-valley morphological domain, 6 km deep at GALA-2 in a morphological transitional domain, and 7.5 km deep at GALA-3 within the axial-high domain. The tomography model does not require melt above the Moho at GALA-1, nor at GALA-2, where we find little evidence for crustal melt between the Moho and a melt lens previously imaged at 2.8 km depth. In contrast, at GALA-3 the low velocity anomaly requires the presence of a few percent melt throughout the crust, with two distinct crustal reservoirs: one at the level of the seismically imaged melt lens reflector (1.6 km deep), and a deeper one at 3-4 km depth. The differences in axial melt content and distribution between the three sites are consequences of variations in magma supply, with lower magma supply resulting in less frequent upward migration of melt from the main Moho reservoir to crustal levels. At higher melt supply, transfer of melt to the crust above the main Moho reservoir becomes more frequent, resulting in the formation of distinct crustal melt reservoirs. C1 [Canales, Juan Pablo] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Dunn, Robert A.; Ito, Garrett] Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Manoa, HI USA. [Detrick, Robert S.] NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Sallares, Valenti] CSIC, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Subsurface Imaging, Madrid, Spain. RP Canales, JP (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 80 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-85256-9; 978-1-118-85241-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2014 VL 204 BP 363 EP 391 D2 10.1002/9781118852538 PG 29 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD6KY UT WOS:000362332800019 ER PT S AU Graham, DW Hanan, BB Lupton, JE Hoernle, K Werner, R Christie, DM Sinton, JM AF Graham, David W. Hanan, Barry B. Lupton, John E. Hoernle, Kaj Werner, Reinhard Christie, David M. Sinton, John M. BE Harpp, KS Mittelstaedt, E DOzouville, N Graham, DW TI Helium Isotope Variations and Mantle Plume-Spreading Ridge Interactions Along the Galapagos Spreading Center SO Galapagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CENTER SYSTEM; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; CARBON-DIOXIDE; MAJOR-ELEMENT; HOTSPOT; GEOCHEMISTRY; BASALTS; ISLANDS AB Along the Galapagos Spreading Center (GSC), He-3/He-4 varies from 8.5-5.9 R-A. High He-3/He-4 ratios, resembling those in the western and southern Galapagos islands, are absent. This lack of high He-3/He-4 contrasts markedly with other localities of plume-ridge interaction, such as Iceland, Easter, and Amsterdam/St. Paul. The most striking feature is a He-3/He-4 gradient, decreasing westward from 8.4-7.0 R-A between 89 and 93 degrees W, where the GSC is shallowest and shows "axial high" morphology. The intra-segment He-3/He-4 variability within this region indicates that magma crosses the mantle/crust boundary at multiple points beneath individual ridge segments, and lateral mixing within the crust and upper mantle is limited. Some of the He-3/He-4 variability may also reflect transfer of discrete heterogeneity from beneath the northern sector of the Galapagos plateau. One possible explanation for the absence of high He-3/He-4 along the GSC is that helium is a relatively ineffective downstream tracer of mantle material from the core of the Galapagos plume, due to its preferential extraction beneath the archipelago compared to other incompatible, lithophile tracers. A second explanation is that the heterogeneous Galapagos plume is sheared in the upper mantle by motion of the Nazca Plate relative to the migrating GSC. In this case, plume core material having high He-3/He-4 (from beneath Fernandina and Isabela) would be dispersed mostly away from the ridge, while plume edge material having low He-3/He-4 plus enriched Sr and Pb isotope signatures (from beneath the northern periphery of the archipelago) is smeared into the sub-ridge mantle. C1 [Graham, David W.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hanan, Barry B.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Lupton, John E.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Lupton, John E.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Hoernle, Kaj; Werner, Reinhard] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, Kiel, Germany. [Christie, David M.] Univ Alaska, West Coast & Polar Reg Undersea Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Sinton, John M.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Graham, DW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 78 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-1-118-85256-9; 978-1-118-85241-5 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2014 VL 204 BP 393 EP 414 D2 10.1002/9781118852538 PG 22 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD6KY UT WOS:000362332800020 ER PT S AU Denys, P Norris, R Pearson, C Denham, M AF Denys, P. Norris, R. Pearson, C. Denham, M. BE Rizos, C Willis, P TI A Geodetic Study of the Otago Fault System of the South Island of New Zealand SO EARTH ON THE EDGE: SCIENCE FOR A SUSTAINABLE PLANET SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG 25th General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics (IUGG) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IAG, Int Union Geodesy & Geophysics, Int Assoc Geodesy DE New Zealand active tectonics; Plate boundary processes ID MOTION AB The Otago Fault System in the southern South Island of New Zealand is an area dominated by actively growing asymmetric anticlines above buried reverse faults. Geological studies indicate that the average total shortening rate across the system is 2-3 mm/year. This region was the subject of several early geodetic studies based on terrestrial techniques, which reported high (0.5 ppm/year) strain rates that are difficult to reconcile with geological estimates of fault slip rates. We have analysed approximately 5 years of recent satellite-based geodetic data from approximately 20 stations distributed evenly over a broad corridor extending across the full extent of the Otago Fault System. We divided the data into three sub-networks to study the variation of geodetic strain over the region. The resulting strain rate tensors show a transition, with the northern subnetwork adjacent to the Alpine Fault showing predominantly a shear strain with a small transpressional component and a rate of 30 ppb/year while in the southernmost subnetwork, the strain rate tensor is consistent with uniaxial contraction at rates of 20 ppb/year. Tectonically, in the northern part of our study area, the geodetic strain data are broadly consistent with elastic strain accumulation on the Alpine Fault while in the south, the strain rate tensors are consistent with the Otago Fault System. The principal axis of contraction for the southern subnetwork is about 15 ppb/year, which is consistent with geological estimates of rates of total shortening across the Otago Fault System, but is oblique to the northeast trending ranges. C1 [Denys, P.; Pearson, C.; Denham, M.] Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Norris, R.] Univ Otago, Dept Geol, Dunedin, New Zealand. [Pearson, C.] Natl Geodet Survey, Springfield, IL 62764 USA. RP Pearson, C (reprint author), Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM chris.pearson@otago.ac.nz NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-37222-3 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2014 VL 139 BP 151 EP 158 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_19 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD7LI UT WOS:000363263400019 ER PT S AU Pearson, CF Snay, RS McCaffrey, R AF Pearson, C. F. Snay, R. S. McCaffrey, R. BE Rizos, C Willis, P TI Towards an Integrated Model of the Interseismic Velocity Field Along the Western Margin of North America SO EARTH ON THE EDGE: SCIENCE FOR A SUSTAINABLE PLANET SE International Association of Geodesy Symposia LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IAG 25th General Assembly of the International-Union-of-Geodesy-and-Geophysics (IUGG) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2011 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP IAG, Int Union Geodesy & Geophysics, Int Assoc Geodesy DE Block modelling; Dynamic datums; Western North America active tectonics ID BLOCK KINEMATICS; SLIP RATES; GPS; CALIFORNIA; MEXICO; STRAIN; FAULTS AB This paper describes a block model of tectonic deformation for the western part of the contiguous United States (i.e. west of longitude 100 degrees W and between latitudes 31 degrees N and 49 degrees N). NOAA's National Geodetic Survey (NGS) uses velocities predicted by this model as the basis of the horizontal velocity grids incorporated in Horizontal Time-Dependent Positioning (HTDP) software. We model the deformation of this area using 46 rotating blocks. Along with the poles of rotation, we also solve for 38 independent horizontal strain rate tensors and the elastic coupling coefficients on faults that bound adjacent blocks. For the release of HTDP 3.1, we updated estimates of model parameters by using 6,287 GPS-derived velocity vectors, that include vectors from the 2009 Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) solution and the NGS Multiyear CORS (MYCORS) solution, and 330 geological measurements of fault slip rates and/or fault orientation. In general, the fault slip rates and the interseismic coupling coefficients are consistent with the results of previous studies; however, because of the comprehensive nature of this model, we are able to quantitatively map deformation rates over the entire plate boundary zone within the contiguous United States. Slip rates on the faults range from over 30 mm/year for the Cascadia subduction zone and parts of the San Andreas system to near zero for faults adjacent to stable North America. Block rotations play a significant role in accommodating deformation in the Pacific Northwest but make a much smaller contribution south of Cape Mendocino. Because of the variable gradient of the velocity field, HTDP3.1 incorporates a hierarchy of 5 grids with a spacing ranging from 4 nodes per degree to 100 nodes per degree. C1 [Pearson, C. F.] Natl Geodet Survey, Springfield, IL 62764 USA. [Snay, R. S.] Natl Geodet Survey Retired, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [McCaffrey, R.] Portland State Univ, Dept Geol, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Pearson, CF (reprint author), Univ Otago, Sch Surveying, Dunedin, New Zealand. EM chris.pearson@otago.ac.nz NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0939-9585 BN 978-3-642-37222-3 J9 IAG SYMP PY 2014 VL 139 BP 159 EP 165 DI 10.1007/978-3-642-37222-3_20 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA BD7LI UT WOS:000363263400020 ER PT B AU Liu, PC Borge, JCN Rodriguez, G MacHutchon, KR Chen, HS AF Liu, Paul C. Nieto Borge, J. C. Rodriguez, German MacHutchon, Keith R. Chen, Hsuan S. GP ASME TI FROM SINGLE POINT GAUGE TO SPATIO-TEMPORAL MEASUREMENT OF OCEAN WAVES - PROSPECTS AND PERSPECTIVES SO 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OCEAN, OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING, 2014, VOL 8B: OCEAN ENGINEERING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd ASME International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY JUN 08-13, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arct Engn Div AB With the recent advancement of spatial Measurements of ocean waves, we are clearly facing new challenges regarding how to handle an expanded new data system when it becomes widely available. In this paper we wish to present a preliminary attempt at confronting these prospects. Because the data is still very limited at present and also conceptually new, it's a new, upfamiliar, and unrelenting world to pursue. We need a paradigm shift away from our familiar single-point conceptualization in order to effective approach the new world of truly spatial ocean waves. C1 [Liu, Paul C.] NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. [Nieto Borge, J. C.] Univ Alcals, Madrid, Spain. [Rodriguez, German] Univ Las Palmasde Gran Canaria, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Spain. [MacHutchon, Keith R.] Coastal Marine Technol, Cape Town, South Africa. [Chen, Hsuan S.] Natl Sun Yat Sen Univ, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA GLERL, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4551-6 PY 2014 AR UNSP V08BT06A031 PG 6 WC Engineering, Marine; Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD7SB UT WOS:000363498600031 ER PT S AU Sriram, RD AF Sriram, Ram D. BE Cha, J Chou, SY Stjepandic, J Curran, R Xu, W TI Network-Centric Manufacturing: Making it Happen SO MOVING INTEGRATED PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TO SERVICE CLOUDS IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY SE Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 21st ISPE Inc International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY SEP 08-11, 2014 CL Beijing Jiaotong Univ, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Int Soc Productiv Enhancement Inc, Chinese Acad Engn, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Chinese Mech Engn Soc, IOS Press, PROSPET AG HO Beijing Jiaotong Univ C1 NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sriram, RD (reprint author), NIST, Software & Syst Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sriram@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 2352-7528 BN 978-1-61499-440-4; 978-1-61499-439-8 J9 ADV TRANSDISCIPL ENG PY 2014 VL 1 BP 29 EP 29 DI 10.3233/978-1-61499-440-4-29 PG 1 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing SC Engineering GA BD7LM UT WOS:000363266900006 ER PT B AU Slifka, AJ Drexler, ES Stalheim, DG Amaro, RL Lauria, DS Stevenson, AE Hayden, LE AF Slifka, Andrew J. Drexler, Elizabeth S. Stalheim, Douglas G. Amaro, Robert L. Lauria, Damian S. Stevenson, April E. Hayden, Louis E. BE Shim, DJ Rudland, D TI THE EFFECT OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON THE HYDROGEN-ASSISTED FATIGUE OF PIPELINE STEELS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2013, VOL 6B: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference (PVP-2013) CY JUL 14-18, 2013 CL Paris, FRANCE SP ASME, Pressure Vessels & Pip Div ID GROWTH AB Tests on the fatigue crack growth rate were conducted on four pipeline steels, two of grade API 5L-X52 and two API 5L-X70. One X52 material was manufactured in the mid-1960s and the other was manufactured in 2011. The two X70 materials had a similar vintage and chemistry, but the microstructure differs. The fatigue tests were performed in 5.5 and 34 MPa pressurized hydrogen gas, at 1 Hz and (load ratio) R=0.5. At high pressures of hydrogen and high values of the stress intensity factor range (Delta K) there is no difference in the fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN), regardless of strength or microstructure. At low values of Delta K, however, significant differences in the da/dN are observed. The older X52 material has a ferrite-pearlite microstructure; whereas, the modem X52 has a mixture of polygonal and acicular ferrites. The X70 materials are both predominantly polygonal ferrite, but one has small amounts (similar to 5%) of upper bainite, and the other has small amounts of pearlite (<2%) and acicular ferrite (similar to 5%). We discuss the fatigue test results with respect to the different microstructures, with particular emphasis on the low Delta K regime. C1 [Slifka, Andrew J.; Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Amaro, Robert L.; Lauria, Damian S.; Stevenson, April E.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Stalheim, Douglas G.] DGS Met Solut Inc, Vancouver, WA USA. [Hayden, Louis E.] Louis E Hayden Associates, Bethlehem, PA USA. RP Slifka, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5571-3 PY 2014 AR V06BT06A009 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD7FQ UT WOS:000363000400009 ER PT S AU Grossman, EN Gordon, J Novotny, D Chamberlin, R AF Grossman, E. N. Gordon, J. Novotny, D. Chamberlin, R. GP IEEE TI Terahertz Active and Passive Imaging SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE antenna; propagation; measurement; terahertz; submillimeter; passive; imaging ID MICROBOLOMETER AB We describe the results of bistatic scattering measurements covering 325-650 GHz on a series of well-characterized random rough test surfaces. These have implications for active THz imagers that use coherent sources for illumination. The mean scattered intensity is compared to theoretical predictions based on an integral equation method, and the fluctuations are examined in terms of the theory for fully developed speckle. We also present a preliminary, fully passive image made using a recently developed 650 GHz, InP HEMT low-noise amplifier, and compare it to a very similar passive image made using a cryogenic (4K) hotspot microbolometer. C1 [Grossman, E. N.; Gordon, J.; Novotny, D.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chamberlin, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM erich.grossman@nist.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 2221 EP 2225 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548802086 ER PT S AU Chuss, DT Ali, A Amiri, M Appel, JW Araujo, D Bennett, CL Boone, F Chan, MW Cho, HM Colazo, F Crowe, E Denis, KL Dunner, R Eimer, J Essinger-Hileman, T Gothe, D Halpern, M Harrington, K Hilton, G Hinshaw, GF Huang, C Irwin, K Jones, G Karakla, J Kogut, AJ Larson, D Limon, M Lowry, L Marriage, T Mehrle, N Miller, AD Miller, NJ Moseley, SH Novak, G Reintsema, C Rostem, K Stevenson, T Towner, D U-Yen, K Wagner, E Watts, D Wollack, E Xu, ZL Zeng, LZ AF Chuss, David T. Ali, Aamir Amiri, Mandana Appel, John W. Araujo, Derek Bennett, Charles L. Boone, Fletcher Chan, Manwei Cho, Hsiao-Mei Colazo, Felipe Crowe, Erik Denis, Kevin L. Duenner, Rolando Eimer, Joseph Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Gothe, Dominik Halpern, Mark Harrington, Kathleen Hilton, Gene Hinshaw, Gary F. Huang, Caroline Irwin, Kent Jones, Glenn Karakla, John Kogut, Alan J. Larson, David Limon, Michele Lowry, Lindsay Marriage, Tobias Mehrle, Nicholas Miller, Amber D. Miller, Nathan J. Moseley, Samuel H. Novak, Giles Reintsema, Carl Rostem, Karwan Stevenson, Thomas Towner, Deborah U-Yen, Kongpop Wagner, Emily Watts, Duncan Wollack, Edward Xu, Zhilei Zeng, Lingzhen GP IEEE TI The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) Telescope Architecture SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE antenna; propagation; measurement ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIMETRY AB We describe the instrument architecture of the CLASS instrument, a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter that will measure the large-scale polarization of the CMB in several frequency bands to search for evidence of inflation. C1 [Chuss, David T.; Colazo, Felipe; Crowe, Erik; Denis, Kevin L.; Kogut, Alan J.; Miller, Nathan J.; Moseley, Samuel H.; Rostem, Karwan; Stevenson, Thomas; Towner, Deborah; U-Yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ali, Aamir; Appel, John W.; Bennett, Charles L.; Boone, Fletcher; Chan, Manwei; Eimer, Joseph; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Gothe, Dominik; Harrington, Kathleen; Huang, Caroline; Karakla, John; Larson, David; Lowry, Lindsay; Marriage, Tobias; Mehrle, Nicholas; Wagner, Emily; Watts, Duncan; Xu, Zhilei] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. [Amiri, Mandana; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Hilton, Gene; Reintsema, Carl] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Duenner, Rolando] PU Catolica, Santiago, Chile. [Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Araujo, Derek; Jones, Glenn; Limon, Michele; Miller, Amber D.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Novak, Giles] Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL USA. [Zeng, Lingzhen] CfA SAO, Cambridge, MA USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Pao Alto, CA USA. RP Chuss, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM David.T.Chuss@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Watts, Duncan/0000-0002-5437-6121 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 2583 EP 2587 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548802182 ER PT S AU Guerrieri, JR Coder, JB Francis, MH Gordon, J Novotny, DR Wittmann, RC AF Guerrieri, Jeff R. Coder, Jason B. Francis, Michael H. Gordon, Josh Novotny, David R. Wittmann, Ronald C. GP IEEE TI International Comparison of Ku-band Standard Gain Horn Characterization SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE antenna gain; fixed frequency gain; international comparison; Ku-band; National Measurement Institute AB International comparison of antenna measurement results between national measurement laboratories supports interoperability of communication equipment in today's world market. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is the pilot National Measurement Institute (NMI) for an international comparison measurement of two Ku-band standard gain horn antennas that involved eleven other NMIs. A variety of measurement techniques such as extrapolation, far field, gain transfer and reciprocity, were used in this international comparison. The individual measurement techniques used by each NMI are indicated and the gain measurement results and associated uncertainties from each NMI are presented in this paper. C1 [Guerrieri, Jeff R.; Coder, Jason B.; Francis, Michael H.; Gordon, Josh; Novotny, David R.; Wittmann, Ronald C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Guerrieri, JR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jguerrieri@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 2653 EP 2654 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548802203 ER PT S AU Hagedorn, J Sayrafian, K Yazdandoost, KY Terrill, J AF Hagedorn, John Sayrafian, Kamran Yazdandoost, Kamya Y. Terrill, Judith GP IEEE TI A 4D Immersive Platform to Visualize RF Propagation in BAN SO 2014 8TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION (EUCAP) SE Proceedings of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) CY APR 06-11, 2014 CL Hague, NETHERLANDS DE radio frequency propagation; immersive platform; body area networks AB Recent advances in micro-electronics technology to build small radio-enabled implantable and wearable medical sensors have sparked considerable interest in body area networks. Understanding the characteristics of radio frequency propagation inside and around the human body requires obtaining sufficient amount of data for different scenarios via physical experiment with human subjects. This is either difficult or in the case of implants, nearly impossible. In addition, the body motion could significantly impact the quality of wireless communication links (i.e. the propagation channel) among implants or wearable medical sensors. To address these issues, we have developed an immersive platform capable of emulating physical experiments. The platform includes a dynamic (i.e. 4D) human body model that can emulate various human motion e.g. walking. This 4D immersive platform can be used as a scientific instrument to study various Radio Frequency communication channels inside or on the surface of a human body. It can also be used to identify the best scenarios for limited physical experimentation and measurements. C1 [Hagedorn, John; Sayrafian, Kamran; Terrill, Judith] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yazdandoost, Kamya Y.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo, Japan. RP Hagedorn, J (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2164-3342 BN 978-88-907018-4-9 J9 PROC EUR CONF ANTENN PY 2014 BP 3366 EP 3367 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BD5KZ UT WOS:000361548803144 ER PT S AU Li, CY Ovsjanikov, M Chazal, F AF Li, Chunyuan Ovsjanikov, Maks Chazal, Frederic GP IEEE TI Persistence-based Structural Recognition SO 2014 IEEE CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION AND PATTERN RECOGNITION (CVPR) SE IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) CY JUN 23-28, 2014 CL Columbus, OH SP CVF, IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc ID SHAPE-ANALYSIS; DIFFUSION; CLASSIFICATION AB This paper presents a framework for object recognition using topological persistence. In particular, we show that the so-called persistence diagrams built from functions defined on the objects can serve as compact and informative descriptors for images and shapes. Complementary to the bag-of-features representation, which captures the distribution of values of a given function, persistence diagrams can be used to characterize its structural properties, reflecting spatial information in an invariant way. In practice, the choice of function is simple: each dimension of the feature vector can be viewed as a function. The proposed method is general: it can work on various multimedia data, including 2D shapes, textures and triangle meshes. Extensive experiments on 3D shape retrieval, hand gesture recognition and texture classification demonstrate the performance of the proposed method in comparison with state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, our approach yields higher recognition accuracy when used in conjunction with the bag-of-features. C1 [Li, Chunyuan; Chazal, Frederic] INRIA Saclay, Geometr, Palaiseau, France. [Ovsjanikov, Maks] Ecole Polytech, LIX, Palaiseau, France. [Li, Chunyuan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), INRIA Saclay, Geometr, Palaiseau, France. EM chunyuan.li@hotmail.com; maks@lix.polytechnique.fr; frederic.chazal@inria.fr NR 47 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1063-6919 BN 978-1-4799-5117-8 J9 PROC CVPR IEEE PY 2014 BP 2003 EP 2010 DI 10.1109/CVPR.2014.257 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BD5LI UT WOS:000361555602007 ER PT B AU Bement, AL AF Bement, Arden L., Jr. BE Nof, SY Weiner, AM Cheng, GJ TI LASER AND PHOTONIC SYSTEMS Design and Integration Foreword SO LASER AND PHOTONIC SYSTEMS: DESIGN AND INTEGRATION SE Industrial and Systems Engineering Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Bement, Arden L., Jr.] Natl Sci Fdn, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Bement, Arden L., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Bement, Arden L., Jr.] Purdue Univ, Nucl Engn, Mat, Elect,Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-6952-2; 978-1-4665-6950-8 J9 IND SYST ENG SER PY 2014 BP IX EP XII PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD4EG UT WOS:000360541000001 ER PT B AU Ameta, G Brown, C Lubell, J Lipman, R AF Ameta, Gaurav Brown, Christopher Lubell, Joshua Lipman, Robert GP ASME TI A SURVEY OF STANDARDS FOR PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT OF STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME ID POLYMER COMPOSITES; DESIGN; SYSTEM; BEAMS AB Composite materials are widely used in the aerospace, automotive, and sports industries. Designing a composite product requires highly concurrent processes including manufacturing and assembly considerations. This paper examines existing classification schemes for composite materials based on reinforcement and matrix type. Next we review various research, industry, and standards organization efforts to develop computer representation models of composite materials. We then present a survey of specification and verification standards for composite materials, highlighting their gaps and overlaps. Key findings of our analysis are that standard test methods are lacking for particle-reinforced composite materials, and that existing bonding inspection methods and computer-aided design presentation methods for layered composite materials need improvement. C1 [Ameta, Gaurav] Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Brown, Christopher; Lubell, Joshua; Lipman, Robert] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ameta, G (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NR 55 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5585-0 PY 2014 AR V02AT02A056 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6IN UT WOS:000362241500056 ER PT B AU Eddy, D Krishnamurty, S Grosse, I Wileden, J Witherell, P Lewis, K AF Eddy, Douglas Krishnamurty, Sundar Grosse, Ian Wileden, Jack Witherell, Paul Lewis, Kemper GP ASME TI AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO INFORMATION MODELING FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DESIGN OF PRODUCTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE sustainable product design; ontology; engineering design; LCA; sustainability standards ID ENGINEERING DESIGN; DECISION-MAKING; ONTOLOGIES; OPTIMIZATION; GREEN AB The design of more sustainable products can be best accomplished in a tradeoff-based design process that methodically handles conflicting objectives. Such conflicts are often seen between, environmental impact, cost, and product performance. To support such a process, we propose the development of an environment where sustainability considerations are explicitly introduced early into the design process. This explicitness is provided by integrating the requirements information of sustainability standards and regulations directly into the design process. The emergence of the semantic web provides an interoperable environment in which the context and meaning of knowledge about the relationships among various domains can be shared. This work presents an ontological framework designed to represent both the objectives that pertain to sustainable design and the applicable sustainability standards and regulations. This integrated approach not only can ease the adoption of the standards and regulations during a design process but can also influence a design toward sustainability considerations. The usefulness of this model integration is demonstrated by an illustrative brake disk rotor and pads case study. The results show that both the standards and criteria may be considered at early design stages by using this methodology. Furthermore, it can be used to capture, reveal, and propagate the design intent transparently to all design participants. C1 [Eddy, Douglas; Krishnamurty, Sundar; Grosse, Ian] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Wileden, Jack] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Comp Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Witherell, Paul] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lewis, Kemper] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Buffalo, NY 14150 USA. RP Eddy, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM dceddy@engin.umass.edu; skrishna@ecs.umass.edu; grosse@ecs.umass.edu; jack@cs.umass.edu; paul.witherell@nist.gov; kelewis@buffalo.edu RI Lewis, Kemper/I-1828-2012 OI Lewis, Kemper/0000-0001-9592-9135 NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5585-0 PY 2014 AR V02AT02A035 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6IN UT WOS:000362241500035 ER PT B AU Kim, DB Shao, GD Brodsky, A Consylman, R AF Kim, Duck Bong Shao, Guodong Brodsky, Alexander Consylman, Ryan GP ASME TI SUSTAINABLE PROCESS ANALYTICS FORMALISM: A CASE STUDY OF BOOK BINDING SYSTEM FOR ENERGY OPTIMIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE Sustainable Manufacturing; Sustainable Process Analytics Formalism (SPAF); Optimization; Book Binding System; Energy AB Energy is considered as one of the important factors for manufacturers to achieve the sustainability objective. To improve energy efficiency in manufacturing, optimization techniques are essential to provide decision support. However, formulating and solving energy optimization in manufacturing is still time-consuming and difficult due to its complexity with a broad scope. In addition, it is a challenging task since it requires substantial development efforts and modeling expertise. To address this drawback, Sustainable Process Analytics Formalism (SPAF) is proposed to facilitate the modeling and optimization. In this paper, SPAF will be applied to a case study of energy optimization for a book binding production system for its feasibility validation. The knowledge of process flow, data, and metrics of the case study is represented using SPAF, and a preliminary analysis of optimization results was performed. C1 [Kim, Duck Bong; Shao, Guodong] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brodsky, Alexander] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Consylman, Ryan] Millersville Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Comp Sci, Millersville, PA 17551 USA. RP Kim, DB (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5585-0 PY 2014 AR V02AT02A034 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6IN UT WOS:000362241500034 ER PT B AU Watkins, MF Mani, M Lyons, KW Gupta, SK AF Watkins, Megan F. Mani, Mahesh Lyons, Kevin W. Gupta, S. K. GP ASME TI SUSTAINABILITY CHARACTERIZATION FOR DIE CASTING PROCESS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE sustainable manufacturing; manufacturing performance; characterization; assessment methodology AB The manufacturing sector accounts for approximately one-third of the total energy consumption in the United States. Today, sustainable manufacturing has become an area of increasing interest, as companies look to reduce their manufacturing footprint and become more environmentally friendly. A science-based methodology, known as sustainability characterization; has the potential for providing companies a way to measure the sustainability of their manufacturing processes. In this paper, the sustainability characterization methodology was used to evaluate the sustainability of die casting unit manufacturing process. More specifically, a way to theoretically model sustainability, based on energy use, was investigated. Using the fundamentals of die casting processes, corresponding input-outputs were first mapped in terms of sustainability parameters and later equations to theoretically calculate the energy used in a die casting machine were identified/formulated. The theoretical energy equations provide a baseline for creating an information model that will eventually lead to creating a science-based methodology standard for sustainability characterization of unit manufacturing processes. C1 [Watkins, Megan F.] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Watkins, Megan F.; Mani, Mahesh; Lyons, Kevin W.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Mani, Mahesh; Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Watkins, MF (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5585-0 PY 2014 AR V02AT02A006 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6IN UT WOS:000362241500006 ER PT B AU Narayanan, A Witherell, P Lee, JH Morris, KC Rachuri, S AF Narayanan, Anantha Witherell, Paul Lee, Jae Hyun Morris, K. C. Rachuri, Sudarsan GP ASME TI IDENTIFYING THE MATERIAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DECISION MAKING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div DE material information; sustainable manufacturing AB Materials play a central role in product manufacturing, contributing to each phase of product development in the form of either a component or process material. As the product revolves around materials, so does much of the product information. Material information plays a significant role in the decision making process at any stage of the product life cycle, especially with respect to the sustainability of a product. Material information in the manufacturing stages of a product's life cycle will relate to the processes used in manufacturing and assembling individual components. The material properties may determine what processes can be used and how these processes should be controlled. To support sustainable manufacturing, the impacts of material choice should be considered during design, when resources are being committed. When comparing material alternatives at design time, it is not as simple as saying one material is "more sustainable" than another. Many different factors determine the sustainability of a product, and each of these factors may be influenced by multiple material properties represented through various information requirements. In order to develop a material information model that can satisfy these information requirements, we need to carefully study the requirements from an information modeling perspective. In this paper, we use activity models to describe design and manufacturing scenarios that rely on the availability of proper material information for sustainability decision making. We will use these models to first define specific scenarios and then to identify the types of material information that is typically required in these scenarios, and collect and categorize key concepts. Based on this study, we will make recommendations that will aid the development of a useful material information model for sustainable decision making. C1 [Narayanan, Anantha; Witherell, Paul; Lee, Jae Hyun; Morris, K. C.; Rachuri, Sudarsan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Narayanan, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5586-7 PY 2014 AR V02BT02A018 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6MH UT WOS:000362379000018 ER PT B AU Shakarji, CM Srinivasan, V AF Shakarji, Craig M. Srinivasan, Vijay GP ASME TI THEORY AND ALGORITHMS FOR L-1 FITTING USED FOR PLANAR DATUM ESTABLISHMENT IN SUPPORT OF TOLERANCING STANDARDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2013, VOL 2B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences / Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC/CIE) CY AUG 04-07, 2013 CL Portland, OR SP ASME, Design Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB We present the theory and algorithms for establishing a datum plane consistent with ASME Y14.5 standard definitions. Such a datum plane will correspond to a planar datum feature sampled with coordinate data that is weighted. The method uses a one-sided minimization search based on the L-1 (L-1) norm. We prove that the problem reduces to a simple minimization search between the weighted centroid and the convex hull. The practice of unweighted fitting works well enough when point sampling is controlled and can thus be made uniform (e.g., using a discrete point contact Coordinate Measuring Machine). However, we show by example that nonuniformly sampled points (arising from many new measurement technologies) coupled with unweighted fitting can lead to erroneous results. When needed, the algorithms presented also solve the unweighted cases simply by assigning the value one to each weight. Terse Mathematica code is included for the reader. The code is sufficient for constrained and unconstrained planar fitting as well as a 3-2-1 datum reference frame generation, which is also described in detail. We additionally prove convergence from the discrete to continuous cases of datum establishment as the point sampling becomes dense. C1 [Shakarji, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Srinivasan, Vijay] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shakarji, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.shakarji@nist.qov; vijay.srinivasan@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5586-7 PY 2014 AR V02BT02A010 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD6MH UT WOS:000362379000010 ER PT S AU Okoro, C Leyine, LE Xu, RQ Hummler, K Obeng, Y AF Okoro, Chukwudi Leyine, Lyle E. Xu, Ruqing Hummler, Klaus Obeng, Yaw GP IEEE TI X-Ray Micro-Beam Diffraction Measurement of the Effect of Thermal Cycling on Stress in Cu TSV: A Comparative Study SO 2014 IEEE 64TH ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE (ECTC) SE Electronic Components and Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 64th Electronic Components and Technology Conference (ECTC) CY MAY 27-30, 2014 CL Lake Buena Vista, FL SP IEEE, IEEE Components Packaging & Mfg Technol Soc ID FAILURE ANALYSIS; THROUGH-SILICON; FILMS; FATIGUE AB Microelectronic devices are subjected to constantly varying temperature conditions during their operational lifetime, which can lead to their failure. In this study, we examined the impact of thermal cycling on the evolution of stresses in Cu TSVs using synchrotron-based X-ray micro-diffraction. Two test conditions were analyzed: as-received and 1000 cycled samples. The principal and shear stresses in the 1000 cycled sample were five times greater than in the as-received sample. This was attributed to the increased strain hardening upon thermal cycling. The variation in stresses with thermal cycling is a clear indication that the impact of Cu TSV proximity on front-end-of-line (FEOL) device performance will fluctuate throughout the lifetime of the 3D stacked dies, and thus should be accounted for during FEOL keep-out-zone design rule development. C1 [Okoro, Chukwudi; Obeng, Yaw] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leyine, Lyle E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Ruqing] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Hummler, Klaus] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. RP Okoro, C (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chukwudi.okoro@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0569-5503 BN 978-1-4799-2407-3 J9 ELEC COMP C PY 2014 BP 1648 EP 1651 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BD5KY UT WOS:000361546100258 ER PT B AU Lewis, R Wang, Y Schroeder, P Coolidge, C Radebaugh, R Lee, YC AF Lewis, Ryan Wang, Yunda Schroeder, Paul Coolidge, Collin Radebaugh, Ray Lee, Y. C. GP ASME TI MICRO CRYOGENIC COOLERS WITH MIXED REFRIGERANTS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON PACKAGING AND INTEGRATION OF ELECTRONIC AND PHOTONIC MICROSYSTEMS, 2013, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems CY JUL 16-18, 2013 CL Burlingame, CA SP ASME, Elect & Photon Packag Div AB A number of small electronic devices benefit from micro-scale low temperature operation. Recently we have developed micro cryogenic coolers (MCCs) using a low-pressure, mixed-refrigerant Joule-Thomson cycle. The cryocoolers utilizes a MEMS-enabled gas compressor coupled to a micro cold stage. Two cold stages have been developed: one which uses a fiber-enabled heat exchanger assembled to a micro-machined throttling valve, and another which uses a MEMS-based heat exchanger. A microcompressor has been developed which uses MEMS-based check valves coupled to a membrane, which is actuated with a mechanically amplified piezoelectric amplifier. The compressor measures a volume 15 mL, can generate a pressure ratio of 6:1 and a maximum flow-rate of 60 standard mL/min. The complete cryocooler has reached low temperatures of 177 K, although temperature instability has been an issue, due to 2-phase flow through the micro-channels. This paper will cover the development and testing of the micro cryogenic cooler, as well as an analysis of the micro channel flow. A proper understanding of the micro-channel flow allows us to design refrigerant mixtures to improve the cooling power, and modify the cooler to eliminate temperature instabilities. C1 [Lewis, Ryan; Wang, Yunda; Schroeder, Paul; Coolidge, Collin; Lee, Y. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Radebaugh, Ray] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lewis, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5575-1 PY 2014 AR V001T06A005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Engineering, Mechanical; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Materials Science GA BD5JG UT WOS:000361499600063 ER PT B AU Otto, RS AF Otto, Robert S. BE Stevens, BG TI History of King Crab Fisheries with Special Reference to the North Pacific Ocean: Development, Maturity, and Senescence SO KING CRABS OF THE WORLD: BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS; BRISTOL BAY; ALASKA; STOCK; SEA; LITHODIDAE; MANAGEMENT; ANOMURA; GULF C1 [Otto, Robert S.] NOAA, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK USA. NR 192 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5542-3; 978-1-4398-5541-6 PY 2014 BP 81 EP 138 D2 10.1201/b16664 PG 58 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD4XG UT WOS:000361154500007 ER PT B AU Morado, JF Shavey, CA Ryazanova, T White, VC AF Morado, J. Frank Shavey, Christie A. Ryazanova, Tatyana White, Vanessa C. BE Stevens, BG TI Diseases of King Crabs and Other Anomalies SO KING CRABS OF THE WORLD: BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BRIAROSACCUS-CALLOSUS BOSCHMA; EASTERN BERING-SEA; EPIZOOTIC SHELL DISEASE; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS RATHBUN; CARCINUS-MEDITERRANEUS CZERNIAVSKY; COMMERCIALLY IMPORTANT CRUSTACEANS; DINOFLAGELLATE HEMATODINIUM SP; FACULTATIVE PARASITIC CILIATE; LOBSTER NEPHROPS-NORVEGICUS; PANULIRUS-ARGUS-LATREILLE C1 [Morado, J. Frank; Shavey, Christie A.; White, Vanessa C.] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ryazanova, Tatyana] Kamchatka Res Inst Fishery & Oceanog, Fish & Shellfish Dis Lab, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski, Russia. RP Morado, JF (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 380 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4398-5542-3; 978-1-4398-5541-6 PY 2014 BP 139 EP 210 D2 10.1201/b16664 PG 72 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BD4XG UT WOS:000361154500008 ER PT B AU Valivullah, L Mani, M Lyons, KW Gupta, SK AF Valivullah, Lina Mani, Mahesh Lyons, Kevin W. Gupta, S. K. GP ASME TI MANUFACTURING PROCESS INFORMATION MODELS FOR SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME 9TH INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, 2014, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference (MSEC2014) CY JUN 09-13, 2014 CL Univ Michigan, Detroit, MI SP ASME, Mfg Engn Div HO Univ Michigan DE sustainable manufacturing; information models; systems integration; manufacturing processes; injection molding AB Sustainable manufacturing systems use processes, methodologies, and technologies that are energy efficient and environmentally friendly. To create and maintain such systems, well-defined measurement methodologies and corresponding manufacturing information models play a crucial role to consistently compute and evaluate sustainability performance indicators of manufacturing processes that will result in reliable decision support. However, when it comes to describing sustainability of product manufacturing, the presently available methods and tools do not account for manufacturing processes explicitly and hence result in inaccurate and ambiguous decisions between alternate systems. Furthermore, there are no formal methods for acquiring and exchanging sustainability-related information that help establish a consolidated sustainability information base for decision support. This paper presents a study on the scope of the currently available manufacturing information models to incorporate sustainability. Identifying the requirements for information models that cater to sustainable manufacturing was done utilizing an earlier developed Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) reference architecture model. We propose an extension to the SIMA architecture considering sustainability and refer to it as a GreenSIMA architecture. We present injection-molding unit manufacturing process as an example. C1 [Valivullah, Lina; Mani, Mahesh] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Mani, Mahesh; Lyons, Kevin W.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, S. K.] Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Valivullah, L (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4580-6 PY 2014 AR V001T05A005 PG 8 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BD5AC UT WOS:000361249700089 ER PT S AU Blackburn, M Denno, P AF Blackburn, Mark Denno, Peter BE Madni, AM Boehm, B TI Virtual Design and Verification of Cyber-Physical Systems: Industrial Process Plant Design SO 2014 CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH SE Procedia Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Systems Engineering Research CY MAR 20-22, 2014 CL Redondo Beach, CA DE Model Based System Engineering; formal methods; domain-specific modeling; test generation; smart manufacturing; verification AB This paper discusses a research project to support virtual design and verification of industrial process plant designs. Process plants are a class of cyber-physical systems (CPS), and these research results should generally apply to other types of CPS such as those associated with the Smart Grid. Modeling is an essential part of process plant design and integral in other applications such as manufacturing. Models produced in design have obvious roles in system implementation, deployment and certification. For manufacturing systems, models also have use in downstream activities including system certification, performance optimization, real-time diagnostics and prognostics, and maintenance. The paper discusses the results associated with a prototype that uses domain-specific models of different views of a system design that improves collaboration through integrated models and aligned semantics and provides examples of how the integration with formal methods can identify defects in designs, and automatically generate test vectors with requirement-to-test traceability. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Blackburn, Mark] Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Denno, Peter] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blackburn, M (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM mark.blackburn@stevens.edu NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1877-0509 J9 PROCEDIA COMPUT SCI PY 2014 VL 28 BP 883 EP 890 DI 10.1016/j.procs.2014.03.006 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4JF UT WOS:000360837700102 ER PT S AU Mell, P Harang, RE AF Mell, Peter Harang, Richard E. GP IEEE TI Using Network Tainting to Bound the Scope of Network Ingress Attacks SO 2014 EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE SECURITY AND RELIABILITY SE International Conference on Software Security and Reliability LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Software Security and Reliability (SERE) CY JUN 30-JUL 02, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE network tainting; complex networks; scale-free; security AB This research describes a novel security metric, network taint, which is related to software taint analysis. We use it here to bound the possible malicious influence of a known compromised node through monitoring and evaluating network flows. The result is a dynamically changing defense-in-depth map that shows threat level indicators gleaned from monotonically decreasing threat chains. We augment this analysis with concepts from the complex networks research area in forming dynamically changing security perimeters and measuring the cardinality of the set of threatened nodes within them. In providing this, we hope to advance network incident response activities by providing a rapid automated initial triage service that can guide and prioritize investigative activities. C1 [Mell, Peter] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harang, Richard E.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. [Harang, Richard E.] ICF Int, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Mell, P (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.mell@nist.gov; richard.e.harang.ctr@mail.mil NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2378-3877 BN 978-1-4799-4296-1 J9 INT CONF SOFTW SECUR PY 2014 BP 206 EP 215 DI 10.1109/SERE.2014.34 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD4IR UT WOS:000360819100022 ER PT S AU Merchant, S Morimoto, ETA Khanbilvardi, R AF Merchant, Shakila Morimoto, Emiko T. A. Khanbilvardi, Reza GP IEEE TI An Integrated STEM Learning Model for High School in Engineering Education SO 2014 IEEE INTEGRATED STEM EDUCATION CONFERENCE (ISEC) SE Integrated STEM Education Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC) CY MAR 08, 2014 CL Princeton, NJ SP IEEE, IEEE Reg 1, IEEE Educ Soc, IEEE Princeton Cent Jersey Sect DE K-12 Engineering Education; Earth Sciences; Remote Sensing Science & Engineering; project-based learning AB The primary driving force of the US economy depends on the advancement of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Historically, the "E" of STEM has been virtually silent in U.S. elementary and secondary schools. In recent years, K-12 engineering education started to gain attention from educators and policy makers. However, there is a strong need for more standardized engineering curriculum and assessment in K-12 classrooms across the country. It is imperative that more efforts are introduced at the local, district, and federal level that help create strategies, education reforms and opportunities to boost the current meagre national STEM talent pool for a sustained U.S. economy and meet the STEM workforce demands by the year 2020. It is imperative that more efforts are introduced at local, districts, and federal level that helps create strategies, education reforms and opportunities to boost the current meagre national STEM talent pool for a sustained US economy and meet the STEM workforce demands by the year 2020. a team of experts was convened by the NRC at the request of Representative Frank Wolf (VA) to identify highly STEM focused K-12 schools and programs across the country, however this was focused on the science and mathematics of STEM. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-Cooperative Remote Sensing Science and Technology Center at the City College of the City University of New York funded by NOAA's Educational Partnership Program created a unique project-based integrated STEM learning model that introduces an holistic learning approach to instill college-readiness and STEM motivation among HS students especially students of color and underserved communities. C1 [Merchant, Shakila] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, Educ & Outreach, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Morimoto, Emiko T. A.; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Merchant, S (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, Educ & Outreach, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM smerchant@ccny.cuny.edu; emorimoto@ccny.cuny.edu; khanbilvardi@ccny.cuny.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2330-331X BN 978-1-4799-3229-0 J9 INTEGR STEM EDU CONF PY 2014 PG 6 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering GA BD4IX UT WOS:000360821700031 ER PT J AU Bertness, KA AF Bertness, Kris A. GP IEEE TI Growth and Applications of Single-Nanowire GaN Light-Emitting Diodes SO 2014 IEEE PHOTONICS SOCIETY SUMMER TOPICAL MEETING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE-Photonics-Society Summer Topical Meeting Series CY JUL 14-16, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP IEEE Photon Soc, IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE DE GaN nanowire; scanning probe microscopy; molecular beam epitaxy AB We discuss two applications of single-nanowire GaN light-emitting diodes: optical interconnects and multifunction scanning probes. These applications take advantage of the native morphology of nanowires and the high mechanical strength of GaN. C1 NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kris.bertness@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2767-8 PY 2014 BP 32 EP 33 DI 10.1109/SUM.2014.24 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4QL UT WOS:000361018200017 ER PT J AU Newbury, NR Baumann, E Coddington, I Cromer, C Deschenes, JD Giorgetta, FR Rieker, G Sonderhouse, L Swann, WC Sinclair, LC AF Newbury, Nathan R. Baumann, Esther Coddington, Ian Cromer, Chris Deschenes, Jean-Daniel Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. Rieker, Greg Sonderhouse, Lindsay Swann, William C. Sinclair, Laura C. GP IEEE TI Optical Combs for Sensor Applications SO 2014 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) CY MAR 09-13, 2014 CL San Francisco, CA ID NOBEL LECTURE AB Frequency combs provide a broadband, coherent, calibrated optical output in a single mode beam. We discuss three sensing applications that exploit this unique combination of properties: molecular spectroscopy, optical time-frequency transfer, and three-dimensional surface mapping. Work of the U.S. government, not subject to copyright. C1 [Newbury, Nathan R.; Baumann, Esther; Coddington, Ian; Cromer, Chris; Deschenes, Jean-Daniel; Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.; Rieker, Greg; Sonderhouse, Lindsay; Swann, William C.; Sinclair, Laura C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-993-0 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BD4RH UT WOS:000361020300352 ER PT S AU Ruf, C Chang, P Clarizia, MP Jelenak, Z Ridley, A Rose, R AF Ruf, Christopher Chang, Paul Clarizia, Maria Paola Jelenak, Zorana Ridley, Aaron Rose, Randall BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H TI CYGNSS: NASA Earth Venture Tropical Cyclone Mission SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XVIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XVIII CY SEP 22-25, 2014 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP SPIE DE Small satellites; remote sensing; bistatic radar; hurricanes; GNSS-R ID GPS SIGNALS AB The NASA Earth Venture Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) is a spaceborne mission scheduled to launch in October 2016 that is focused on tropical cyclone (TC) inner core process studies. CYGNSS attempts to resolve one of the principle deficiencies with current TC intensity forecasts, which lies in inadequate observations and modeling of the inner core. CYGNSS is specifically designed to address these two limitations by combining the all-weather performance of GNSS bistatic ocean surface scatterometry with the sampling properties of a constellation of satellites. CYGNSS measurements of bistatic radar cross section of the ocean can be directly related to the near surface wind speed, in a manner roughly analogous to that of conventional ocean wind scatterometers. The technique has been demonstrated previously from space by the UK-DMC mission in 2005-6. C1 [Ruf, Christopher; Clarizia, Maria Paola; Ridley, Aaron] Univ Michigan, AAOSS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Chang, Paul; Jelenak, Zorana] NOAA, NESDIS, StAR, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Rose, Randall] SW Res Inst, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Ruf, C (reprint author), Univ Michigan, AAOSS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Jelenak, Zorana/F-5596-2010; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Jelenak, Zorana/0000-0003-0510-2973; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-1-62841-304-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9241 AR 924109 DI 10.1117/12.2071404 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Physics; Telecommunications GA BD4QE UT WOS:000361006200008 ER PT B AU Harinder, A Witherell, P Morris, KC AF Harinder, Arvind Witherell, Paul Morris, K. C. GP ASME TI REQUIREMENTS ANALYSES TO SUPPORT A MATERIAL INFORMATION MODEL FOR SUSTAINABILITY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME AB Materials, and therefore material selections, influence the sustainable impact of a product from beginning to end-of-life. With improved access to material information, product designers can attain newfound insight into the sustainability implications of their design decisions. Insight to lifecycle tradeoffs requires access to both upstream and downstream information at design time. This access can be facilitated by information transparency between the different information representations assumed by a product throughout its lifecycle. A well-constructed Material Information Model (MIM) can provide the necessary access, and therefore the desired insight. In this paper we present an initial set of requirements that a MIM for sustainability must support to provide the desired design-time information access. Using these requirements as guidelines, we then analyze several information representations currently available for information management at various stages of the lifecycle. We compare and contrast the extent to which these representations meet the information needs of the MIM, using example implementations as guidelines. We discuss the level to which information synthesis may be achieved given the varying degrees to which the MIM requirements are met. Finally, we introduce where synthesis challenges lie and the steps required to overcome them. C1 [Harinder, Arvind] Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. [Witherell, Paul; Morris, K. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harinder, A (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5641-3 PY 2014 AR V012T13A036 PG 12 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3YR UT WOS:000360320700036 ER PT B AU Witherell, P Kulvatunyou, B Rachuri, S AF Witherell, Paul Kulvatunyou, Boonserm Rachuri, Sudarsan GP ASME TI TOWARDS THE SYNTHESIS OF PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE ACROSS THE LIFECYCLE SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 12 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME ID ONTOLOGIES; DESIGN; STANDARDS; EXCHANGE; MODELS AB Product lifecycle management is an important aspect of today's industry, as it serves to facilitate information exchange and management between most, if not all, stages of a product's existence. As exchanged product information is inevitably subjected to multiple transformations and derivations, information transparency between lifecycle stages can be difficult to achieve. Synthesizing representations of product information across the lifecycle, by creating a lifecycle-stageindependent platform, can provide transparent access to information for both upstream and downstream applications. In this paper, we review previous and ongoing efforts using ontologies as a means to support information integration and interoperability throughout the lifecycle of a product. We propose that existing efforts can be leveraged to create an upper-tiered ontology for product information. The resulting ontology, a core model for product lifecycle information, would support the synthesis and exchange of product information across lifecycle stages, improving access to this information and facilitating lifecycle thinking. We discuss the use of ontologies as a means to create and link paradigm-independent representations. We discuss the translations that product information may face when integrated through ontologies, and the extent to which the integrity of the information can be preserved across the lifecycle. We investigate the role of information quality in the exchange and evolution of product information across the lifecycle. Finally, we discuss the application of an upper-tiered ontology, particularly the advantages offered by increased transparency and interoperability, as a means to support lifecycle thinking for mitigating a product's sustainability impact. C1 [Witherell, Paul; Kulvatunyou, Boonserm; Rachuri, Sudarsan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Witherell, P (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 59 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5641-3 PY 2014 AR V012T13A071 PG 11 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BD3YR UT WOS:000360320700071 ER PT S AU Kulvatunyou, B Wallace, E Ivezic, N Lee, Y AF Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm) Wallace, Evan Ivezic, Nenad Lee, Yunsu BE Grabot, B Vallespir, B Gomes, S Bouras, A Kiritsis, D TI Toward Manufacturing System Composability Analysis: A Use Case Scenario SO ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: INNOVATIVE AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT IN A GLOBAL-LOCAL WORLD, APMS 2014, PT II SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems (APSM) CY SEP 20-24, 2014 CL Ajaccio, FRANCE SP IFIP WG 5 7 Advances Prod Management Syst, Res Federat Distributed Org Engn, CNRS Res Grp Modelling & Anal Complex Syst, Res Inst Transports Energy & Soc DE computer integrated manufacturing; service-oriented manufacturing systems; industrial automation; smart manufacturing; functional ontology AB Smart manufacturing system will be able to quickly adapt to new and changing requirements, implying that software and hardware components of the manufacturing system need to be easily recomposed. In addition, provision of software applications and components is trending toward distributed, heterogeneous, and cloud-based. However, engineers who need to compose a software system will have difficulty finding and using software components with the right functionality and compatibility without a standard to describe these software components. This paper identifies the need for a reference functional ontology to provide a common way to describe a software component functionality. Such an ontology would lead towards the needed standard to describe the software components. The objective of this paper is to discuss high-level requirements for such a functional ontology and provide an initial use case to illustrate how the functional ontology may enable composability analysis. C1 [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm); Wallace, Evan; Ivezic, Nenad; Lee, Yunsu] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kulvatunyou, B (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM serm@nist.gov; ewallace@nist.gov; nivezic@nist.gov; yun-su.lee@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-662-44735-2 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2014 VL 439 BP 658 EP 666 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BD3UE UT WOS:000360160100080 ER PT S AU Kumaraguru, S Kulvatunyou, B Morris, KC AF Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm) Morris, K. C. BE Grabot, B Vallespir, B Gomes, S Bouras, A Kiritsis, D TI Integrating Real-Time Analytics and Continuous Performance Management in Smart Manufacturing Systems SO ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS: INNOVATIVE AND KNOWLEDGE-BASED PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT IN A GLOBAL-LOCAL WORLD, APMS 2014, PT III SE IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems (APSM) CY SEP 20-24, 2014 CL Ajaccio, FRANCE SP IFIP WG 5 7 Advances Prod Management Syst, Res Federat Distributed Org Engn, CNRS Res Grp Modelling & Anal Complex Syst, Res Inst Transports Energy & Soc DE performance management; smart manufacturing; continuous improvement; real-time analytics AB This paper proposes an approach to integrate real-time analytics with continuous performance management. The proposed system exploits the increasing availability of industrial process and production performance data. This paper identifies components of such a system and the interface between components within the system. The components presented in this paper form the basis for further research on understanding potential interoperability issues and required standardization efforts to support development of a system. C1 [Kumaraguru, Senthilkumaran; Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm); Morris, K. C.] NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumaraguru, S (reprint author), NIST, Syst Integrat Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fns1@nist.gov; boonserm.kulvatunyou@nist.gov; kcm@nist.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1868-4238 BN 978-3-662-44732-1 J9 IFIP ADV INF COMM TE PY 2014 VL 440 BP 175 EP 182 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BD3UD UT WOS:000360158500022 ER PT S AU Srivastava, PK Mukherjee, S Islam, T Gupta, M AF Srivastava, Prashant K. Mukherjee, Saumitra Islam, Tanvir Gupta, Manika BE Srivastava, PK Mukherjee, S Gupta, M Islam, T TI Remote Sensing Applications in Environmental Research Introduction SO REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH SE Society of Earth Scientists Series LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Srivastava, Prashant K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ESSIC, Hydrol Sci, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mukherjee, Saumitra] Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Environm Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, CIRA, Atmospher Sci, College Pk, MD USA. [Gupta, Manika] Indian Inst Technol, Civil Engn, New Delhi, India. RP Srivastava, PK (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, ESSIC, Hydrol Sci, Code 617, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER INT PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 2194-9204 BN 978-3-319-05906-8; 978-3-319-05905-1 J9 SOC EARTH SCI SER PY 2014 BP XIII EP XVI D2 10.1007/978-3-319-05906-8 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing GA BD1JW UT WOS:000358075000002 ER PT S AU Arora, SS Cao, K Jain, AK Paulter, NG AF Arora, Sunpreet S. Cao, Kai Jain, Anil K. Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr. GP IEEE TI 3D Fingerprint Phantoms SO 2014 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PATTERN RECOGNITION (ICPR) SE International Conference on Pattern Recognition LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) CY AUG 24-28, 2014 CL Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal, Stockholm, SWEDEN SP IEEE Comp Soc, IAPR, Linkopings Univ, Lunds Univ, Uppsala Univ, e Sci Collaborat, Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal, Stockhoms Stad, Swedish e Sci Res Ctr, SICK, Autoliv, IBM Res, Int Journal Automat & Comp HO Swedish Soc Automated Image Anal ID GUMMY AB One of the critical factors prior to deployment of any large scale biometric system is to have a realistic estimate of its matching performance. In practice, evaluations are conducted on the operational data to set an appropriate threshold on match scores before the actual deployment. These performance estimates, though, are restricted by the amount of available test data. To overcome this limitation, use of a large number of 2D synthetic fingerprints for evaluating fingerprint systems had been proposed. However, the utility of 2D synthetic fingerprints is limited in the context of testing end-to-end fingerprint systems which involve the entire matching process, from image acquisition to feature extraction and matching. For a comprehensive evaluation of fingerprint systems, we propose creating 3D fingerprint phantoms (phantoms or imaging phantoms are specially designed objects with known properties scanned or imaged to evaluate, analyze, and tune the performance of various imaging devices) with known characteristics (e.g., type, singular points and minutiae) by (i) projecting 2D synthetic fingerprints with known characteristics onto a generic 3D finger surface and (ii) printing the 3D fingerprint phantoms using a commodity 3D printer. Preliminary experimental results show that the captured images of the 3D fingerprint phantoms can be successfully matched to the 2D synthetic fingerprint images (from which the phantoms were generated) using a commercial fingerprint matcher. This demonstrates that our method preserves the ridges and valleys during the 3D fingerprint phantom creation process ensuring that the synthesized 3D phantoms can be utilized for comprehensive evaluations of fingerprint systems. C1 [Arora, Sunpreet S.; Cao, Kai; Jain, Anil K.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arora, SS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM arorasun@cse.msu.edu; kaicao@cse.msu.edu; jain@cse.msu.edu; paulter@nist.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1051-4651 BN 978-1-4799-5208-3 J9 INT C PATT RECOG PY 2014 BP 684 EP 689 DI 10.1109/ICPR.2014.128 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD3KX UT WOS:000359818000116 ER PT B AU Michaloski, J Proctor, F Arinez, J Berglund, J AF Michaloski, J. Proctor, F. Arinez, J. Berglund, J. GP ASME TI TOWARD THE IDEAL OF AUTOMATING PRODUCTION OPTIMIZATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, 2013, VOL 2A LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2013) CY NOV 15-21, 2013 CL San Diego, CA SP ASME DE Optimization; discrete event simulation; modeling; automation; CMSD; key performance indicators AB The advent of improved factory data collection offers a prime opportunity to continuously study and optimize factory operations. Although manufacturing optimization tools can be considered mainstream technology, most U.S. manufacturers do not take full advantage of such technology because of the time-intensive procedures required to manually develop models, deal with factory data acquisition problems, and resolve the incompatibility of factory and optimization data representations. Therefore, automated data acquisition, automated generation of production models, and the automated integration of data into the production models are required for any optimization analysis to be timely and cost effective. In this paper, we develop a system methodology and software framework for the optimization of production systems in a more efficient manner towards the goal of fully automated optimization. The case study of an automotive casting operation shows that a highly integrated approach enables the modeling and simulation of the complex casting operation in a responsive, cost-effective and exacting nature. Technology gaps and interim strategies will be discussed. C1 [Michaloski, J.; Proctor, F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arinez, J.] Gen Motors, Warren, MI USA. [Berglund, J.] Chalmers, Chalmers, Sweden. RP Michaloski, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-5618-5 PY 2014 AR V02AT02A089 PG 9 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BD3HC UT WOS:000359682200089 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Shi, CK Fan, WB AF Gao Yuan Shi ChangKai Fan WenBo GP IEEE TI Design and Research of integrated interface adapter for power enterprises heterogeneous system SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY (POWERCON) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Power System Technology (PowerCon) CY OCT 20-22, 2014 CL Chengdu, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Soc Elect Engn, IEEE Power & Energy Soc, Sichuan Univ DE Adapter; CIM; IEC61970/61968; Integration; Model Mapping AB For the interoperability of heterogeneous system integration of electric power enterprise existing conversion problems, put forward a kind of power system interoperability based integrated interface adapter design method based on. The adapter design basis and principles of public information model, component interface specification, the message based on the proposed model, using four layers architecture integration adapter contains model information storage module, model conversion unit, mapping unit, application system interface module and a common component interface model, two-way conversion model and two sets of work flow and based on the interface, universalize the interface of power system which has the different structures, and then accessed in Utility Integrate Bus(UIB) to realize the integration and sharing of heterogeneous data. C1 [Gao Yuan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Shi ChangKai] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Fan WenBo] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gao, Y (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gaoyuan@boulder.nist.gov; shichangkai@lamar.colostate.edu; fanwenbo@nrim.go.jp NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-5032-4 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BD2AE UT WOS:000358576302010 ER PT J AU Shrestha, P Nminibapiel, D Campbell, JP Kim, JH Vaz, C Cheung, KP Baumgart, H AF Shrestha, P. Nminibapiel, D. Campbell, J. P. Kim, J-H. Vaz, C. Cheung, K. P. Baumgart, H. GP IEEE TI Accurate RRAM Transient Currents during Forming SO PROCEEDINGS OF TECHNICAL PROGRAM - 2014 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS AND APPLICATION (VLSI-TSA) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Application (VLSI-TSA) CY APR 28-30, 2014 CL Hsinchu, TAIWAN DE RRAM; transient current; forming; current overshoot AB The magnitude of overshoot current during forming has been shown to be a serious issue. Recently we showed that the overshoot duration is equally important in impacting device performance. Shorter duration overshoot in the range of ns yields better performance, suggesting extremely short forming pulse to be desirable. But investigation of such short forming transients is severely limited experimentally due to parasitic. In this study we demonstrate a technique to accurately de-embed these parasitic components yielding accurate forming current transients in the ps range, paving the road to careful study of the forming process. C1 [Shrestha, P.; Nminibapiel, D.; Campbell, J. P.; Kim, J-H.; Vaz, C.; Cheung, K. P.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shrestha, P.; Nminibapiel, D.; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Baumgart, H.] Appl Res Ctr, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2217-8 PY 2014 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BD2LK UT WOS:000358865800049 ER PT J AU Chuang, MC Hwang, JN Williams, K AF Chuang, Meng-Che Hwang, Jenq-Neng Williams, Kresimir GP IEEE TI Supervised and Unsupervised Feature Extraction Methods for Underwater Fish Species Recognition SO 2014 ICPR WORKSHOP ON COMPUTER VISION FOR ANALYSIS OF UNDERWATER IMAGERY (CVAUI 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ICPR Workshop on Computer Vision for Analysis of Underwater Imagery (CVAUI) CY AUG 24, 2014 CL Stockholm, SWEDEN SP Ocean Networks Canada, Univ Victoria DE hierarchical classifier; partial classification; feature extraction; live fish recognition; trawl-based imagery; unsupervised learning AB Automated fish species identification in open aquatic habitats based on video analytics is the primary area of research in camera-based fisheries surveys. Finding informative features for these analyses, however, is fundamentally challenging due to poor quality of underwater imagery and strong visual similarity among species. In this paper, we compare two different fish feature extraction methods, namely the supervised and unsupervised approaches, which are then applied to a hierarchical partial classification framework. Several specified anatomical parts of fish are automatically located to generate the supervised feature descriptors. For unsupervised feature extraction, a scale-invariant object part learning algorithm is proposed to discover common shape of body parts and then extract appearance, location and size information of each part. Experiments show that the unsupervised approach achieves better recognition performance on live fish images collected by trawl-based cameras. C1 [Chuang, Meng-Che; Hwang, Jenq-Neng] Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Williams, Kresimir] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Chuang, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Elect Engn, Campus Box 352500, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mengche@uw.edu; hwang@uw.edu; kresimir.williams@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-0-7695-5318-4 PY 2014 BP 33 EP 40 DI 10.1109/CNAUI.2014.10 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BD2GU UT WOS:000358733600005 ER PT S AU Flater, D AF Flater, David GP IEEE TI Estimation of uncertainty in application profiles SO 2014 14TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUALITY SOFTWARE (QSIC 2014) SE International Conference on Quality Software LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC) CY OCT 02-03, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP IEEE Reliabil Soc, UT Dallas, IEEE Comp Soc AB Performance is an important facet of software quality, and application profiling tools are the instruments used to measure software performance at the function and application levels. The most powerful measurement method available in application profiling tools today is sampling-based profiling, where a potentially unmodified application is interrupted based on some event to collect data on what it was doing when the interrupt occurred. It is well known that sampling introduces statistical uncertainty that must be taken into account when interpreting results; however, factors affecting the variability have not been well-studied. In attempting to validate two previously published analytical estimates, we obtained negative results. Furthermore, we found that the variability is strongly influenced by at least one factor, self-time fragmentation, that cannot be determined from the data yielded by sampling alone. We investigate this and conclude with recommendations for obtaining valid estimates of uncertainty under the conditions that exist. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Flater, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1550-6002 BN 978-1-4799-7197-8 J9 INT CONF QUAL SOFTW PY 2014 BP 327 EP 332 DI 10.1109/QSIC.2014.16 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BD1CT UT WOS:000357937200041 ER PT J AU Cook, K Fong, CJ Wenkel, MJ Wilczynski, P Yen, N Chang, GS AF Cook, Kendra Fong, Chen-Joe Wenkel, Michael J. Wilczynski, Peter Yen, Nick Chang, G. S. GP IEEE TI COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7: The Enduring Program SO 2014 IEEE AEROSPACE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Aerospace Conference CY MAR 01-08, 2014 CL Big Sky, MT SP IEEE AB The COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 Program has persevered through unusual budgetary ups and downs since the United States and Taiwan jointly agreed to pursue the mission in 2010. Despite these governmental challenges, the Program continues to make progress. COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 is a satellite program designed to deliver next-generation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) data to users around the world. This program is the follow-on to the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission, which was a joint US-Taiwan 6-satellite constellation demonstration mission launched in April 2006. COSMIC was the world's first operational GPS Radio Occultation (GPS-RO) mission for global weather forecast; climate monitoring; and atmospheric, ionospheric, and geodetic research. The GPS-RO data from COSMIC has been extremely valuable to the climate, meteorology, and space weather communities, including real-time forecasting users as well as U.S. and international research communities. FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC reached the end of its design life in 2011. The satellites have exhibited some unrecoverable anomalies and consequently the critical real-time satellite observing capability is degrading and will go completely offline in the coming few years. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Taiwan's National Space Organization (NSPO) recognized the potential GPS-RO data gap due to the degrading COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 constellation and agreed to implement the follow-on COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 mission in 2010. Despite both sides of the pond experiencing programmatic difficulties in the past several years throughout the course of implementing the COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 Program, significant progress has occurred especially throughout 2012-2013. This paper provides a brief overview of the COSMIC-2I FORMOSAT-7 Program including background information on the original COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 Program, and the current COSMIC-2/FORMOSAT-7 Program goals and ob jectives. It discusses the current satellite and constellation configuration, activities to determine the optimal and minimal ground system architecture to meet data latency requirements, and other discussions on the payload technology that will be used to meet the program ob jectives. It also covers the current program status including some of the challenges the program has overcome and successes experienced in 2013. C1 [Cook, Kendra] C2 Int LLC, Livingston, MT 59047 USA. [Fong, Chen-Joe; Yen, Nick; Chang, G. S.] Natl Space Org, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan. [Wenkel, Michael J.] Aerosp Corp, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Wilczynski, Peter] NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cook, K (reprint author), C2 Int LLC, 712 Quasar Lane, Livingston, MT 59047 USA. EM Kendra.Cook@noaa.gov; cjfong@nspo.narl.org.tw; Mike.Wenkel@noaa.gov; Peter.Wilczynski@noaa.gov; longine@nspo.narl.org.tw; gschang@nspo.narl.org.tw NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-1622-1 PY 2014 PG 12 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC8RQ UT WOS:000356039100025 ER PT J AU Richardson, T Grejner-Brzezinska, DA Toth, C Mader, GL AF Richardson, T. Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A. Toth, C. Mader, G. L. GP Inst Navigat TI Investigation of the Vertical Movement of the Great Lake Using Times Series of GPS Data SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div AB Height Modernization Program, which has been designed and is being implemented by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) is an ongoing operation focused on forming accurate, reliable heights using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology in conjunction with traditional leveling, gravity, and modern remote sensing information. The traditional method for determining the elevation of vertical benchmarks is differential leveling; the disadvantages of this technique are high cost, time consumption, and nonsystematic errors (Roman & Weston, 2011). With the advance and expansion of space-based technology, GNSS surveying has been used extensively for the production and propagation of survey control. In order for GNSS-derived ellipsoidal heights to have any physical meaning in a surveying or engineering application, the ellipsoidal heights must be transformed to orthometric heights. Accurate heights are required in numerous engineering, scientific and every-day human activities, such as mapping and construction engineering, transportation applications and navigation, where the requirement for accurate heights is not limited to but is used for periodic system calibrations and quality control check; disaster preparedness and management (e.g. evacuation route surveys, flood mapping); measuring, monitoring, and modeling crustal motion, subsidence, glacial isotactic adjustment (GIA) and seasonal changes. In order to assure high accuracy and maintainability of the height system, any change in the location of the benchmarks must be continuously monitored, and any necessary changes recorded. To this end this study analyzes using GNSS (limited to GPS only data in this study) the vertical movement of the Great Lakes. The Great Lakes are a vast hydraulic system with water levels and flows influenced by engineered channels and control structures. The existing problem for The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River region are the postglacial rebound or glacial isostatic adjustment effect, fluctuations on a short-term, seasonal, and long-term basis (Zilkoski, 1991). The absolute rate of change at a given location must be considered along with the relative rate of change across the region. The study involves reprocessing and readjustment of the International Great Lakes Datum of 1985 (IGLD 85) Height Modernization projects (1997, 2005, and 2010), using OPUS-PROJECT (REFERENCE!!!) in a consistent reference frame (IGS08 or ITRF08) at the epoch of each survey. This allowed for the observation of any changes over time, without including either changes in reference frame or processing software/algorithms. This activity assured a modern, up-to-date evaluation of real movement in the Great Lakes region. Additionally a times series analysis using the longest available spans of continuous references station throughout the Great Lakes region. This allowed for the observation of any long term trends and seasonal variations. Further this study would look at the comparison of the GPS derived vertical velocities and that derived from GIA model. Overall this paper would establish how vertical movement can be accounted for when deriving centimeter level height derived from GPS. C1 [Richardson, T.; Grejner-Brzezinska, D. A.; Toth, C.] Ohio State Univ, Satellite Positioning & Inertial Nav Lab SPIN, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Mader, G. L.] Natl Geodet Survey, Geosci Res Div, Arlington, VA USA. RP Richardson, T (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Satellite Positioning & Inertial Nav Lab SPIN, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 635 EP 644 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331200056 ER PT J AU Yao, J Levine, J AF Yao, Jian Levine, Judah GP Inst Navigat TI An Improvement of RINEX-Shift Algorithm for Continuous GPS Carrier-Phase Time Transfer SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 27TH INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th International Technical Meeting of the Satellite-Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS) CY SEP 08-12, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP Inst Navigat, Satellite Div DE GPS; carrier phase; time transfer; precise point positioning (PPP); boundary discontinuity; RINEX-Shift algorithm; revised RINEX-Shift algorithm; isolated island effect AB The wide application of GPS carrier-phase (CP) time transfer is limited by the problem of boundary discontinuity. The RINEX-Shift (RS) algorithm was designed to solve this problem [1]. However, if there are GPS data anomalies, the time transfer result computed by this algorithm oscillates around the true value. The deviation from the true value can be as large as a few nanoseconds. The origin of this oscillation behavior lies in the fact that the precise point positioning (PPP) technique needs some time (e.g., 2 hours) to converge. If there are only a short segment (e.g., < 2 hours) of valid data before or after the missing data, PPP does not have enough time to converge so that the solution for this short segment deviates from the true value. We propose the "revised RINEX-Shift" (RRS) algorithm to solve the oscillation problem in the RS algorithm. RRS extracts the result at the middle epoch, rather than the first epoch as in the RS algorithm. In this way, PPP has enough time to converge. Tests of the RRS algorithm show that the oscillation problem is solved successfully and there is a 10-55% improvement of fractional frequency stability over the RS algorithm. Thus, the RRS algorithm provides the best GPS time transfer result. C1 [Yao, Jian] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yao, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian.yao@colorado.edu NR 14 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2014 BP 1253 EP 1260 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BC9DO UT WOS:000356331201048 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fish Stock Rebuilding Plans in the United States Summary SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MANAGEMENT STRATEGY EVALUATION; COMMUNITY-BASED CONSERVATION; BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; GEORGES-BANK HADDOCK; EASTERN BERING-SEA; DATA-POOR STOCKS; US WEST-COAST C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 369 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 1 EP + PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500001 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fish Stock Rebuilding Plans in the United States Introduction SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 9 EP 13 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500002 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI US Fisheries Management and the Law SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 15 EP 28 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500003 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Review of Federally Implemented Rebuilding Plans SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Review; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 29 EP 60 PG 32 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500004 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Technical Considerations in Developing Rebuilding Plans SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 61 EP 84 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500005 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Ecosystem Considerations SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500006 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Human Dimensions of Rebuilding SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 97 EP 118 PG 22 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500007 ER PT J AU Parma, AM Sullivan, PJ Collie, J Hartley, TW Heyman, W Johnston, R Punt, AE Rose, KA Sanchirico, J Sissenwine, MP Sugihara, G Duce, RA Armbrust, EV Benitez-Nelson, C Boyle, EA Colwell, RR Cooksey, SW Cooper, CK Hallberg, R Halpern, D Knuth, BA Matsumoto, GI Murawski, SA Orcutt, JA Ozkan-Haller, HT Ramberg, SE Rosenberg, AA Rudnick, DL Smith, MD Tyack, PL Walsh, D Wright, DJ Yoder, JA AF Parma, Ana M. Sullivan, Patrick J. Collie, Jeremy Hartley, Troy W. Heyman, William Johnston, Robert Punt, Andre E. Rose, Kenneth A. Sanchirico, James Sissenwine, Michael P. Sugihara, George Duce, Robert A. Armbrust, E. Virginia Benitez-Nelson, Claudia Boyle, Edward A. Colwell, Rita R. Cooksey, Sarah W. Cooper, Cortis K. Hallberg, Robert Halpern, David Knuth, Barbara A. Matsumoto, George I. Murawski, Steven A. Orcutt, John A. Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba Ramberg, Steven E. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Rudnick, Daniel L. Smith, Martin D. Tyack, Peter L. Walsh, Don Wright, Dawn J. Yoder, James A. CA Comm Evaluating Effectiveness Ocean Studies Board GP Natl Res Council TI Looking Forward SO EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FISH STOCK REBUILDING PLANS IN THE UNITED STATES LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 [Parma, Ana M.] Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. [Sullivan, Patrick J.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Collie, Jeremy] Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. [Hartley, Troy W.] Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA USA. [Heyman, William; Duce, Robert A.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Johnston, Robert] Clark Univ, Worcester, MA 01610 USA. [Punt, Andre E.; Armbrust, E. Virginia] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rose, Kenneth A.] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Sanchirico, James] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sissenwine, Michael P.; Yoder, James A.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Benitez-Nelson, Claudia] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Boyle, Edward A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Colwell, Rita R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cooper, Cortis K.] Chevron Corp, San Ramon, CA USA. [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hallberg, Robert] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Halpern, David] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Knuth, Barbara A.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. [Matsumoto, George I.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] Univ S Florida, St Petersburg, Russia. [Orcutt, John A.; Rudnick, Daniel L.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Oezkan-Haller, H. Tuba] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ramberg, Steven E.] Penn State Appl Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Union Concerned Scientists, Cambridge, MA USA. [Smith, Martin D.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Tyack, Peter L.] Univ St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9AJ, Fife, Scotland. [Walsh, Don] Int Maritime Inc, Myrtle Point, OR USA. [Wright, Dawn J.] Environm Syst Res Inst, Redlands, CA USA. RP Parma, AM (reprint author), Ctr Nacl Patagon, Chubut, Argentina. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-29230-6 PY 2014 BP 119 EP 124 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BC9BJ UT WOS:000356270500008 ER PT J AU Tong, A Przybocki, M Margner, V El Abed, H AF Tong, Audrey Przybocki, Mark Maergner, Volker El Abed, Haikal GP IEEE TI NIST 2013 Open Handwriting Recognition and Translation (OpenHaRT'13) Evaluation SO 2014 11TH IAPR INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON DOCUMENT ANALYSIS SYSTEMS (DAS 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS) CY APR 07-10, 2014 CL Tours, FRANCE SP ABBYY, Vis Objects, Google, ITESOFT, Arkhenum, A2iA, Spigraph, Valconum, Casden, Reg Ctr, Univ Francois Rabelais Tours, Lab Informatique, IAPR DE Arabic text recognition; OCR; machine translation of OCR text; evaluation; performance assessment; benchmark test AB This paper describes the NIST 2013 Open Handwriting Recognition and Translation evaluation (OpenHaRT'13). A short background leading to the start of OpenHaRT is included. The test designs pertaining to the tasks, the data used, the performance measurements, and the protocols are presented. The participants and their submissions are mentioned followed by the evaluation results and some preliminary analyses. The paper concludes with some thoughts toward future evaluations. C1 [Tong, Audrey; Przybocki, Mark] NIST, Multimodal Informat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maergner, Volker] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Commun Technol, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [El Abed, Haikal] Deutsch Gesell Int Zusammenarbeit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Tong, A (reprint author), NIST, Multimodal Informat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-3243-6 PY 2014 BP 81 EP 85 DI 10.1109/DAS.2014.43 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BC9MB UT WOS:000356615000017 ER PT J AU Ahmed, Z Strouse, G AF Ahmed, Zeeshan Strouse, Gregory GP IEEE TI Transitioning From Resistance Devices To Photonic Devices For Temperature Measurements SO 2014 IEEE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (IEEE ISSNIP 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP) CY APR 21-24, 2014 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Australian Res Councils Re Network ISSNIP, Inst Infocomm Res, Singapore Tourism Board, Singapore Exhibit & Convent Bur, YourSingapore Com, Springer, New Tech DE photonics; thermometry; fiber Bragg grating; ring resonator; sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator ID CRYSTAL FIBER; SENSOR; RESONATOR; STABILITY AB For the past century, industrial temperature measurements have relied on resistance measurement of a thin metal wire or filament whose resistance varies with temperature. Though resistance thermometers can routinely measure industrial temperatures with uncertainties of 10 mic they are sensitive to mechanical shock which causes the sensor resistance to drift over time requiring frequent off-line, expensive, and time consuming calibrations. These fundamental limitations of resistance thermometry have produced considerable interest in developing photonic temperature sensors to leverage advances in frequency metrology and to achieve greater mechanical and environmental stability. We are developing a suite of photonic devices that leverage advances in microwave and C-band light sources to fabricate cost-effective photonic temperature sensors. Our preliminary results indicate that using photonic devices such as the ring resonator we can measure short term temperature fluctuations of 80 mu K at room temperature. Photonic sensor technology provides a low cost, lightweight, portable and electromagnetic interference (EMI) resistant solution which can be deployed in a wide variety of settings ranging from controlled laboratory conditions, a noisy factory floor, advanced manufacturing, to the variable environment of a residential setting. C1 [Ahmed, Zeeshan; Strouse, Gregory] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Thermodynam Metrol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ahmed, Z (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Thermodynam Metrol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeeshan.ahmed@nist.gov; gregory.strouse@nist.gov NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2843-9 PY 2014 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BC9GG UT WOS:000356411200030 ER PT J AU Cooksey, CC Fraser, GT Yoon, HW AF Cooksey, Catherine C. Fraser, Gerald T. Yoon, Howard W. GP IEEE TI Sensor Calibration and Characterization to Meet Climate Monitoring Requirements SO 2014 IEEE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING (IEEE ISSNIP 2014) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP) CY APR 21-24, 2014 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE SP IEEE, Sensors Council, Australian Res Councils Re Network ISSNIP, Inst Infocomm Res, Singapore Tourism Board, Singapore Exhibit & Convent Bur, YourSingapore Com, Springer, New Tech DE calibration; climate change; climate research; radiometry; satellite sensor; sensor calibration; traceability ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; MOON AB The challenge of detecting small changes in the Earth's climate system over decadal and longer time scales places stringent requirements on environmental monitoring systems. Sensors must be well calibrated and maintain their calibration in challenging environments: space, oceans, mountains, tropics, polar regions, and deserts. Additionally, the assembly of regional and global time series for environmental variables, such as sea-surface temperature, vegetation coverage, and soil moisture, requires the integration of measurements from a variety of sensors of different designs, operated by different organizations, and acquired at different times. Success requires sensors that are calibrated and recalibrated against standards tied to the International System of Units (SI) to ensure that measurements are physics-based and comparable between nations, organizations, and over generations. The present talk will provide an overview of research and dissemination efforts at NIST to advance the calibration and characterization of sensors, highlighting satellite-based sensors, for application to measurements in support of climate science. C1 [Cooksey, Catherine C.; Fraser, Gerald T.; Yoon, Howard W.] NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cooksey, CC (reprint author), NIST, Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.cooksey@nist.gov; gerald.fraser@nist.gov; howard.yoon@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-2843-9 PY 2014 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Remote Sensing SC Computer Science; Remote Sensing GA BC9GG UT WOS:000356411200084 ER PT B AU Wiedensohler, A Birmili, W Putaud, JP Ogren, J AF Wiedensohler, Alfred Birmili, Wolfram Putaud, Jean-Philippe Ogren, John BA Colbeck, I Lazaridis, M BF Colbeck, I Lazaridis, M TI Recommendations for Aerosol Sampling SO AEROSOL SCIENCE: TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; COLLECTOR C1 [Wiedensohler, Alfred; Birmili, Wolfram] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. [Putaud, Jean-Philippe] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Milan, Italy. [Ogren, John] NOAA, ESRL, GMD, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wiedensohler, A (reprint author), Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Leipzig, Germany. RI Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-68255-5; 978-1-119-97792-6 PY 2014 BP 45 EP 59 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC3KR UT WOS:000351692200004 ER PT J AU Bakker, DCE Pfeil, B Smith, K Hankin, S Olsen, A Alin, SR Cosca, C Harasawa, S Kozyr, A Nojiri, Y O'Brien, KM Schuster, U Telszewski, M Tilbrook, B Wada, C Akl, J Barbero, L Bates, NR Boutin, J Bozec, Y Cai, WJ Castle, RD Chavez, FP Chen, L Chierici, M Currie, K de Baar, HJW Evans, W Feely, RA Fransson, A Gao, Z Hales, B Hardman-Mountford, NJ Hoppema, M Huang, WJ Hunt, CW Huss, B Ichikawa, T Johannessen, T Jones, EM Jones, SD Jutterstrom, S Kitidis, V Kortzinger, A Landschutzer, P Lauvset, SK Lefevre, N Manke, AB Mathis, JT Merlivat, L Metzl, N Murata, A Newberger, T Omar, AM Ono, T Park, GH Paterson, K Pierrot, D Rios, AF Sabine, CL Saito, S Salisbury, J Sarma, VVSS Schlitzer, R Sieger, R Skjelvan, I Steinhoff, T Sullivan, KF Sun, H Sutton, AJ Suzuki, T Sweeney, C Takahashi, T Tjiputra, J Tsurushima, N van Heuven, SMAC Vandemark, D Vlahos, P Wallace, DWR Wanninkhof, R Watson, AJ AF Bakker, D. C. E. Pfeil, B. Smith, K. Hankin, S. Olsen, A. Alin, S. R. Cosca, C. Harasawa, S. Kozyr, A. Nojiri, Y. O'Brien, K. M. Schuster, U. Telszewski, M. Tilbrook, B. Wada, C. Akl, J. Barbero, L. Bates, N. R. Boutin, J. Bozec, Y. Cai, W. -J. Castle, R. D. Chavez, F. P. Chen, L. Chierici, M. Currie, K. de Baar, H. J. W. Evans, W. Feely, R. A. Fransson, A. Gao, Z. Hales, B. Hardman-Mountford, N. J. Hoppema, M. Huang, W. -J. Hunt, C. W. Huss, B. Ichikawa, T. Johannessen, T. Jones, E. M. Jones, S. D. Jutterstrom, S. Kitidis, V. Koertzinger, A. Landschuetzer, P. Lauvset, S. K. Lefevre, N. Manke, A. B. Mathis, J. T. Merlivat, L. Metzl, N. Murata, A. Newberger, T. Omar, A. M. Ono, T. Park, G. -H. Paterson, K. Pierrot, D. Rios, A. F. Sabine, C. L. Saito, S. Salisbury, J. Sarma, V. V. S. S. Schlitzer, R. Sieger, R. Skjelvan, I. Steinhoff, T. Sullivan, K. F. Sun, H. Sutton, A. J. Suzuki, T. Sweeney, C. Takahashi, T. Tjiputra, J. Tsurushima, N. van Heuven, S. M. A. C. Vandemark, D. Vlahos, P. Wallace, D. W. R. Wanninkhof, R. Watson, A. J. TI An update to the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT version 2) SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; NORTH-ATLANTIC-OCEAN; AIR-SEA FLUX; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; PCO(2) VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WATER FCO(2); PACIFIC AB The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), an activity of the international marine carbon research community, provides access to synthesis and gridded fCO(2) (fugacity of carbon dioxide) products for the surface oceans. Version 2 of SOCAT is an update of the previous release (version 1) with more data (increased from 6.3 million to 10.1 million surface water fCO(2) values) and extended data coverage (from 1968-2007 to 1968-2011). The quality control criteria, while identical in both versions, have been applied more strictly in version 2 than in version 1. The SOCAT website (http://www.socat.info/) has links to quality control comments, metadata, individual data set files, and synthesis and gridded data products. Interactive online tools allow visitors to explore the richness of the data. Applications of SOCAT include process studies, quantification of the ocean carbon sink and its spatial, seasonal, year-to-year and longer-term variation, as well as initialisation or validation of ocean carbon models and coupled climate-carbon models. C1 [Bakker, D. C. E.; Landschuetzer, P.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Pfeil, B.; Olsen, A.; Johannessen, T.; Lauvset, S. K.; Omar, A. M.; Skjelvan, I.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Pfeil, B.; Olsen, A.; Johannessen, T.; Lauvset, S. K.; Omar, A. M.; Skjelvan, I.; Tjiputra, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, Bergen, Norway. [Smith, K.; Hankin, S.; Alin, S. R.; Cosca, C.; O'Brien, K. M.; Evans, W.; Feely, R. A.; Manke, A. B.; Mathis, J. T.; Sabine, C. L.; Sutton, A. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Smith, K.; O'Brien, K. M.; Sutton, A. J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Olsen, A.; Johannessen, T.; Omar, A. M.; Skjelvan, I.; Tjiputra, J.] Uni Res, Uni Climate, Bergen, Norway. [Harasawa, S.; Nojiri, Y.; Wada, C.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Kozyr, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Schuster, U.; Watson, A. J.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England. [Telszewski, M.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Int Ocean Carbon Coordinat Project, Sopot, Poland. [Tilbrook, B.; Akl, J.; Paterson, K.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Tilbrook, B.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Barbero, L.; Pierrot, D.; Sullivan, K. F.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bates, N. R.] Bermuda Inst Ocean Sci, Ferry Reach, Bermuda. [Boutin, J.; Merlivat, L.; Metzl, N.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Sorbonne Univ, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN Lab, Paris, France. [Bozec, Y.] CNRS, UMR 7144, Equipe Chim Marine, Stn Biol Roscoff, Roscoff, France. [Bozec, Y.] Univ Paris 06, UMR7144, Adaptat & Div Milieu Marin, Sorbonne Univ,SBR, Roscoff, France. [Cai, W. -J.; Huang, W. -J.] Univ Delaware, Sch Marine Sci & Policy, Newark, DE USA. [Castle, R. D.; Huss, B.; Wanninkhof, R.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Chavez, F. P.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA USA. [Chen, L.; Gao, Z.; Sun, H.] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 3, Key Lab Global Change & Marine Atmospher Chem, Xiamen, Peoples R China. [Chen, L.] Chinese Arctic & Antarctic Adm, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Chierici, M.] Inst Marine Res, Tromso, Norway. [Chierici, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Chem & Mol Biol, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Currie, K.] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Dunedin, New Zealand. [de Baar, H. J. W.] Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Texel, Netherlands. [Evans, W.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Ocean Acidificat Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Fransson, A.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Fram Ctr, Tromso, Norway. [Hales, B.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Hardman-Mountford, N. J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Floreat, WA, Australia. [Hoppema, M.; Jones, E. M.; Schlitzer, R.; Sieger, R.] Helmholtz Ctr Polar & Marine Res, Alfred Wegener Inst, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Hunt, C. W.; Salisbury, J.; Vandemark, D.] Univ New Hampshire, Ocean Proc Anal Lab, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Ichikawa, T.; Ono, T.] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Fisheries Sci, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Jones, S. D.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Jutterstrom, S.] IVL Swedish Environm Res Inst, Gothenburg, Sweden. [Kitidis, V.] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth, Devon, England. [Koertzinger, A.; Steinhoff, T.] Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Lefevre, N.] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Univ Sorbonne, IRD,MNHN,LOCEAN Lab, Paris, France. [Lefevre, N.] Univ Fed Ceara, LaboMar, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Murata, A.] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuda, Japan. [Newberger, T.; Sweeney, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Park, G. -H.] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, East Sea Res Inst, Uljin, South Korea. [Rios, A. F.] CSIC, Inst Invest Marinas Vigo, Vigo, Spain. [Saito, S.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Tokyo, Japan. [Sarma, V. V. S. S.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Reg Ctr, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Suzuki, T.] Japan Hydrog Assoc, Marine Informat Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Takahashi, T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY USA. [Tsurushima, N.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [van Heuven, S. M. A. C.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Vlahos, P.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wallace, D. W. R.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Schuster, U.; Watson, A. J.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Bakker, DCE (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM d.bakker@uea.ac.uk RI Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; Nojiri, Yukihiro/D-1999-2010; Lauvset, Siv/H-7948-2016; Boutin, Jacqueline/M-2253-2016; Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011; Sutton, Adrienne/C-7725-2015; Barbero, Leticia/B-5237-2011; Pierrot, Denis/A-7459-2014; OI Sieger, Rainer/0000-0002-9175-884X; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Nojiri, Yukihiro/0000-0001-9885-9195; Lauvset, Siv/0000-0001-8498-4067; Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142; Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035; Barbero, Leticia/0000-0002-8858-5247; Pierrot, Denis/0000-0002-0374-3825; Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851 FU University of East Anglia (UK); Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research; Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway); Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,; University of Washington; Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA); PANGAEA(R) Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Data (Germany); Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany); National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan); Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology; European Union project CarboChange [FP7 264879]; European Union project GEO-CARBON [FP7 283080]; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - (Natural Environment Research Council) [NE/H017046/1]; UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - (Department for Energy and Climate Change); UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme - (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs); Research Council of Norway (CARBON-HEAT); Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, US) [OCE-0938349]; US National Science Foundation [OCE-1068958]; Swedish Research Council [2009-2994, 2008-6228]; Swedish National Space Board (RESCUE project; REmote Sensing ocean Carbon UptakE) FX The International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER) promote SOCAT. We thank both referees, anonymous referee 1 and D. Woolf, for their constructive and detailed comments, which have considerably improved the Cruise Data Viewer and this manuscript. Support for SOCAT has been received from the University of East Anglia (UK), the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, the Geophysical Institute at the University of Bergen (Norway), the Climate Observation Division of the Climate Program Office of the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the University of Washington, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (USA), PANGAEA (R) Data Publisher for Earth and Environmental Data (Germany), the Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (Germany), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan), the Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, the European Union projects CarboChange (FP7 264879) and GEO-CARBON (FP7 283080), the UK Ocean Acidification Research Programme (NE/H017046/1; funded by the Natural Environment Research Council, the Department for Energy and Climate Change and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs), the Research Council of Norway (CARBON-HEAT), the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, US, OCE-0938349), the US National Science Foundation (OCE-1068958), Swedish Research Council projects (2009-2994; 2008-6228; 2009-2994) and the Swedish National Space Board (RESCUE project; REmote Sensing ocean Carbon UptakE). NR 85 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 8 U2 39 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 69 EP 90 DI 10.5194/essd-6-69-2014 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4OX UT WOS:000356933700005 ER PT J AU Le Quere, C Peters, GP Andres, RJ Andrew, RM Boden, TA Ciais, P Friedlingstein, P Houghton, RA Marland, G Moriarty, R Sitch, S Tans, P Arneth, A Arvanitis, A Bakker, DCE Bopp, L Canadell, JG Chini, LP Doney, SC Harper, A Harris, I House, JI Jain, AK Jones, SD Kato, E Keeling, RF Goldewijk, KK Kortzinger, A Koven, C Lefevre, N Maignan, F Omar, A Ono, T Park, GH Pfeil, B Poulter, B Raupach, MR Regnier, P Rodenbeck, C Saito, S Schwinger, J Segschneider, J Stocker, BD Takahashi, T Tilbrook, B van Heuven, S Viovy, N Wanninkhof, R Wiltshire, A Zaehle, S AF Le Quere, C. Peters, G. P. Andres, R. J. Andrew, R. M. Boden, T. A. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, P. Houghton, R. A. Marland, G. Moriarty, R. Sitch, S. Tans, P. Arneth, A. Arvanitis, A. Bakker, D. C. E. Bopp, L. Canadell, J. G. Chini, L. P. Doney, S. C. Harper, A. Harris, I. House, J. I. Jain, A. K. Jones, S. D. Kato, E. Keeling, R. F. Goldewijk, K. Klein Koertzinger, A. Koven, C. Lefevre, N. Maignan, F. Omar, A. Ono, T. Park, G. -H. Pfeil, B. Poulter, B. Raupach, M. R. Regnier, P. Roedenbeck, C. Saito, S. Schwinger, J. Segschneider, J. Stocker, B. D. Takahashi, T. Tilbrook, B. van Heuven, S. Viovy, N. Wanninkhof, R. Wiltshire, A. Zaehle, S. TI Global carbon budget 2013 SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES; EARTH SYSTEM MODEL; CO2 EMISSIONS; DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; INTERNATIONAL-TRADE; VEGETATION DYNAMICS; INORGANIC CARBON AB Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and a methodology to quantify all major components of the global carbon budget, including their uncertainties, based on the combination of a range of data, algorithms, statistics and model estimates and their interpretation by a broad scientific community. We discuss changes compared to previous estimates, consistency within and among components, alongside methodology and data limitations. CO2 emissions from fossil-fuel combustion and cement production (E-FF) are based on energy statistics, while emissions from land-use change (E-LUC), mainly deforestation, are based on combined evidence from land-cover change data, fire activity associated with deforestation, and models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (G(ATM)) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The mean ocean CO2 sink (S-OCEAN) is based on observations from the 1990s, while the annual anomalies and trends are estimated with ocean models. The variability in SOCEAN is evaluated for the first time in this budget with data products based on surveys of ocean CO2 measurements. The global residual terrestrial CO2 sink (S-LAND) is estimated by the difference of the other terms of the global carbon budget and compared to results of independent dynamic global vegetation models forced by observed climate, CO2 and land cover change (some including nitrogen-carbon interactions). All uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma, reflecting the current capacity to characterise the annual estimates of each component of the global carbon budget. For the last decade available (2003-2012), E-FF was 8.6 +/- 0.4 GtC yr(-1), E-LUC 0.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), G(ATM) 4.3 +/- 0.1 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN 2.5 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and S-LAND 2.8 +/- 0.8 GtC yr(-1). For year 2012 alone, E-FF grew to 9.7 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), 2.2% above 2011, reflecting a continued growing trend in these emissions, GATM was 5.1 +/- 0.2 GtC yr(-1), S-OCEAN was 2.9 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1), and assuming an E-LUC of 1.0 +/- 0.5 GtC yr(-1) (based on the 2001-2010 average), S-LAND was 2.7 +/- 0.9 GtC yr(-1). G(ATM) was high in 2012 compared to the 2003-2012 average, almost entirely reflecting the high EFF. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 392.52 +/- 0.10 ppm averaged over 2012. We estimate that E-FF will increase by 2.1% (1.1-3.1 %) to 9.9 +/- 0.5 GtC in 2013, 61% above emissions in 1990, based on projections of world gross domestic product and recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy. With this projection, cumulative emissions of CO2 will reach about 535 +/- 55 GtC for 1870-2013, about 70% from E-FF (390 +/- 20 GtC) and 30% from E-LUC (145 +/- 50 GtC). This paper also documents any changes in the methods and data sets used in this new carbon budget from previous budgets (Le Quere et al., 2013). All observations presented here can be downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (doi: 10.3334/CDIAC/GCP_2013_V2.3). C1 [Le Quere, C.; Moriarty, R.; Jones, S. D.] Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Peters, G. P.; Andrew, R. M.] CICERO, Oslo, Norway. [Andres, R. J.; Boden, T. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, CDIAC, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Ciais, P.; Bopp, L.; Maignan, F.; Viovy, N.] CEA CNRS UVSQ, CE Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Friedlingstein, P.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QF, Devon, England. [Houghton, R. A.] WHRC, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Marland, G.] Appalachian State Univ, Res Inst Environm Energy & Econ, Boone, NC 28608 USA. [Sitch, S.] Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter EX4 4RJ, Devon, England. [Tans, P.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Arneth, A.; Arvanitis, A.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Inst Meteorol & Climate Research Atmospher Enviro, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Bakker, D. C. E.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Ctr Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Canadell, J. G.; Raupach, M. R.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Global Carbon Project, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Chini, L. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Doney, S. C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Harper, A.] Univ Exeter, Coll Engn Math & Phys Sci, Exeter EX4 4QJ, Devon, England. [Harris, I.] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [House, J. I.] Univ Bristol, Dept Geog, Cabot Inst, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. [Jain, A. K.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61821 USA. [Kato, E.] NIES, CGER, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Keeling, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] PBL Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, The Hague, Netherlands. [Goldewijk, K. Klein] Univ Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Koertzinger, A.] GEOMAR Helmholtz Ctr Ocean Res, D-24148 Kiel, Germany. [Koven, C.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lefevre, N.] Univ Paris 06, Univ Paris 04, LOCEAN Lab, CNRS IRD MNHN, F-75005 Paris, France. [Omar, A.] Uni Res AS, Uni Climate, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Omar, A.; Pfeil, B.; Schwinger, J.] Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. [Ono, T.] Fisheries Res Agcy, Nishi Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2206115, Japan. [Park, G. -H.] KIOST, East Sea Res Inst, Uljin 767813, South Korea. [Pfeil, B.; Schwinger, J.] Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Bergen, Norway. [Poulter, B.] Montana State Univ, Dept Ecol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Regnier, P.] Univ Libre Bruxelles, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. [Roedenbeck, C.; Zaehle, S.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07745 Jena, Germany. [Saito, S.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Global Environm & Marine Dept, Marine Div, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Segschneider, J.] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Stocker, B. D.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. [Takahashi, T.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Tilbrook, B.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Tilbrook, B.] Antarctic Climate & Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [van Heuven, S.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. [Wiltshire, A.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wanninkhof, R.] Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. RP Le Quere, C (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Tyndall Ctr Climate Change Res, Norwich Res Pk, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM c.lequere@uea.ac.uk RI Klein Goldewijk, Kees/L-5567-2013; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Bakker, Dorothee/E-4951-2015; Canadell, Josep/E-9419-2010; Maignan, Fabienne/F-5419-2013; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; House, Joanna/B-6477-2016; Friedlingstein, Pierre/H-2700-2014; Stocker, Benjamin/K-3194-2015; Peters, Glen/B-1012-2008; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; Koven, Charles/N-8888-2014; Le Quere, Corinne/C-2631-2017; Zaehle, Sonke/C-9528-2017 OI Jones, Steve/0000-0003-0522-9851; Poulter, Benjamin/0000-0002-9493-8600; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979; Moriarty, Roisin/0000-0003-1993-1756; Andrew, Robbie/0000-0001-8590-6431; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Bakker, Dorothee/0000-0001-9234-5337; Canadell, Josep/0000-0002-8788-3218; Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; House, Joanna/0000-0003-4576-3960; Stocker, Benjamin/0000-0003-2697-9096; Peters, Glen/0000-0001-7889-8568; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Koven, Charles/0000-0002-3367-0065; Le Quere, Corinne/0000-0003-2319-0452; Zaehle, Sonke/0000-0001-5602-7956 FU International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP); Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS); Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER); UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC); GCP though their International Opportunities [NE/103002X/1]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs under US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Norwegian Research Council [221355]; EU [283080, 226520, 264879, GA282672, GA603542]; NERC Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme; US National Science Foundation [NSF AGS 12-43071, NSF AGS-1048827]; US Department of Energy, Office of Science and BER programs [DOE DE-SC0006706]; NASA LCLUC program [NASA NNX14AD94G]; Swiss National Science Foundation; UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme [GA01101]; Environment Research and Technology Development Fund of the Ministry of Environment of Japan [S-10]; Australian Climate Change Science Program; Leverhulme Research Fellowship FX We thank all people and institutions that provided data used in this carbon budget, P. Cadule, C. Enright, J. Ghattas, and G. Hurtt for support to the model simulations, F. Joos and S. Khatiwala for providing historical data, M. Heimann and G. McKinley for their comments and suggestions. The observations and modelling analysis were possible thanks to the generous support from the author's institutions and funding from multiple agencies around the world. We thank the many researchers and funding agencies responsible for the collection and quality control of the data included in SOCAT, and the support of the International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), and the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research program (IMBER). The UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) provided funding to C. Le Quere, R. Moriarty and the GCP though their International Opportunities Fund specifically to support this publication (project NE/103002X/1). R. J. Andres and T. A. Boden were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research (BER) programs under US Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. G. P. Peters and R. M. Andrews were supported by the Norwegian Research Council (221355). A. Arneth, A. Omar, C. Le Quere, J. Schwinger, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, P. Regnier, J. Segschneider, S. Sitch and S. Zaehle were supported by the EU FP7 for funding through projects GEOCarbon (283080), COMBINE (226520), CARBOCHANGE (264879), EMBRACE (GA282672), and LUC4C (GA603542). A. Harper was supported by the NERC Joint Weather and Climate Research Programme. A. K. Jain was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF AGS 12-43071) the US Department of Energy, Office of Science and BER programs (DOE DE-SC0006706) and NASA LCLUC program (NASA NNX14AD94G). B. D. Stocker was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation. A. Wiltshire was supported by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). E. Kato was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (S-10) of the Ministry of Environment of Japan. J. G. Canadell and M. R. Raupach were supported by the Australian Climate Change Science Program. J. I. House was supported by a Leverhulme Research Fellowship. S. C. Doney was supported by the US National Science Foundation (NSF AGS-1048827). NR 111 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 16 U2 109 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2014 VL 6 IS 1 BP 235 EP 263 DI 10.5194/essd-6-235-2014 PG 29 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4OX UT WOS:000356933700017 ER PT J AU Sutton, AJ Sabine, CL Maenner-Jones, S Lawrence-Slavas, N Meinig, C Feely, RA Mathis, JT Musielewicz, S Bott, R McLain, PD Fought, HJ Kozyr, A AF Sutton, A. J. Sabine, C. L. Maenner-Jones, S. Lawrence-Slavas, N. Meinig, C. Feely, R. A. Mathis, J. T. Musielewicz, S. Bott, R. McLain, P. D. Fought, H. J. Kozyr, A. TI A high-frequency atmospheric and seawater pCO(2) data set from 14 open-ocean sites using a moored autonomous system SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CO2; WATER; VARIABILITY; EQUATIONS AB In an intensifying effort to track ocean change and distinguish between natural and anthropogenic drivers, sustained ocean time series measurements are becoming increasingly important. Advancements in the ocean carbon observation network over the last decade, such as the development and deployment of Moored Autonomous pCO(2) (MAPCO(2)) systems, have dramatically improved our ability to characterize ocean climate, sea-air gas exchange, and biogeochemical processes. The MAPCO(2) system provides high-resolution data that can measure interannual, seasonal, and sub-seasonal dynamics and constrain the impact of short-term biogeochemical variability on carbon dioxide (CO2) flux. Overall uncertainty of the MAPCO(2) using in situ calibrations with certified gas standards and post-deployment standard operating procedures is <2 mu atm for seawater partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) and <1 mu atm for air pCO(2). The MAPCO(2) maintains this level of uncertainty for over 400 days of autonomous operation. MAPCO(2) measurements are consistent with shipboard seawater pCO(2) measurements and GLOBALVIEW-CO2 boundary layer atmospheric values. Here we provide an open-ocean MAPCO(2) data set including over 100 000 individual atmospheric and seawater pCO(2) measurements on 14 surface buoys from 2004 through 2011 and a description of the methods and data quality control involved. The climate-quality data provided by the MAPCO(2) have allowed for the establishment of open-ocean observatories to track surface ocean pCO(2) changes around the globe. Data are available at doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_NDP092 and http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/Moorings/ndp092. C1 [Sutton, A. J.; Musielewicz, S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sutton, A. J.; Sabine, C. L.; Maenner-Jones, S.; Lawrence-Slavas, N.; Meinig, C.; Feely, R. A.; Mathis, J. T.; Musielewicz, S.; Bott, R.; McLain, P. D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Fought, H. J.] Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. [Kozyr, A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Dept Energy, Carbon Dioxide Informat Anal Ctr, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Sutton, AJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM adrienne.sutton@noaa.gov OI Sutton, Adrienne/0000-0002-7414-7035 FU Climate Observation Division within NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was funded by the Climate Observation Division within NOAA's Climate Program Office. The authors thank Gernot Friederich, Peter Brewer, and Francisco Chavez at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute for their efforts in developing the early mooring pCO2 system, and the Battelle Memorial Institute for their later investments in this technology that have made the MAPCO2 systems available to the broader research and ocean-observing community. The NOAA network of pCO2 moorings would not be possible without the industrious efforts of PMEL technical and engineering staff as well as our partners and their funders who support the maintenance of the open-ocean buoys: Nick Bates (BTM), Meghan Cronin (Papa and KEO), Michael McPhaden (TAO array), Tommy Dickey (MOSEAN), Al Plueddemann and Robert Weller (WHOTS and Stratus), and Uwe Send (CCE1). PMEL contribution 4061 and JISAO contribution 2254. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2014 VL 6 IS 2 BP 353 EP 366 DI 10.5194/essd-6-353-2014 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4OZ UT WOS:000356933900007 ER PT J AU Masarie, KA Peters, W Jacobson, AR Tans, PP AF Masarie, K. A. Peters, W. Jacobson, A. R. Tans, P. P. TI ObsPack: a framework for the preparation, delivery, and attribution of atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements SO EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA LA English DT Article AB Observation Package (ObsPack) is a framework designed to bring together atmospheric greenhouse gas observations from a variety of sampling platforms, prepare them with specific applications in mind, and package and distribute them in a self-consistent and well-documented product. Data products created using the ObsPack framework (called "ObsPack products") are intended to support carbon cycle modeling studies and represent a next generation of value-added greenhouse gas observation products modeled after the cooperative GLOBALVIEW products introduced in 1996. Depending on intended use, ObsPack products may include data in their original form reformatted using the ObsPack framework or may contain derived data consisting of averages, subsets, or smoothed representations of original data. All products include extensive ancillary information (metadata) intended to help ensure the data are used appropriately, their calibration and quality assurance history are clearly described, and that individuals responsible for the measurements (data providers or principal investigators (PIs)) are properly acknowledged for their work. ObsPack products are made freely available using a distribution strategy designed to improve communication between data providers and product users. The strategy includes a data usage policy that requires users to directly communicate with data providers and an automated e-mail notification system triggered when a product is accessed. ObsPack products will be assigned a unique digital object identifier (DOI) to ensure each product can be unambiguously identified in scientific literature. Here we describe the ObsPack framework and its potential role in supporting the evolving needs of both data providers and product users. C1 [Masarie, K. A.; Jacobson, A. R.; Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Jacobson, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Peters, W.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Masarie, KA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kenneth.masarie@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1866-3508 EI 1866-3516 J9 EARTH SYST SCI DATA JI Earth Syst. Sci. Data PY 2014 VL 6 IS 2 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.5194/essd-6-375-2014 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA CL4OZ UT WOS:000356933900009 ER PT S AU Gilman, JW AF Gilman, J. W. BE Reichert, WM Ispas, A Bund, A DeLong, HC Haverhals, LM Mizuhata, M Trulove, PC Mantz, RA TI Use of Fluorescence Imaging and Ionic Liquids in the Study of Carbon, Clay, and Cellulose Based-Nanomaterials SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 19 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Int Symposium on Molten Salts and Ion Liquids as part of the Joint Meeting of the 226th Meeting of the Electrochem Soc, the XXIX Congreso de la Sociedad Mexicana de Electroquinica / 7th Meeting of the Mexico Sect of the Electrochem Soc CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc Electrodeposit Div ID POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES; DAMAGE AB Some of the most critical issues facing the nanocomposite community include the need for multi-scale imaging of hierarchical structures, effective methods for controlling nanoparticle chemistry and surface-energy, and efficient processing methods for preparing nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Over the last decade we have employed a number of approaches to address some of these challenges. This paper will review our efforts centered on the use of ionic liquids and fluorescence microscopy to develop tools to enable industry to more quickly bring new nanocomposite-based products to market. Research results focused on polymer nanocomposite based on multiwalled-carbon-nanotube (MWCNT), Montmorillonite (MMT) and nanofibrillated-cellulose (NFC) will be presented. C1 NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-541-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 475 EP 485 DI 10.1149/06404.0475ecst PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC9PF UT WOS:000356725500050 ER PT S AU Stafford, GR Tsuda, T Hussey, CL AF Stafford, G. R. Tsuda, T. Hussey, C. L. BE Reichert, WM Ispas, A Bund, A DeLong, HC Haverhals, LM Mizuhata, M Trulove, PC Mantz, RA TI The Structure of Electrodeposited Aluminum Alloys from Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquids: Let's Not Ignore The Temperature SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 19 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Int Symposium on Molten Salts and Ion Liquids as part of the Joint Meeting of the 226th Meeting of the Electrochem Soc, the XXIX Congreso de la Sociedad Mexicana de Electroquinica / 7th Meeting of the Mexico Sect of the Electrochem Soc CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc Electrodeposit Div ID AL-MN ALLOYS; ANTIPHASE DOMAIN GROWTH; MOLTEN-SALTS; ALCL3-NACL MELTS; MANGANESE ALLOYS; PHASE; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; CU3AU; TITANIUM; EQUILIBRIA AB Electrodeposited alloys are rarely in thermodynamic equilibrium, and several unique microstructural features such as extended solid solubility, metastable crystalline phases, and metallic glasses are generally observed. Because the excess free energy of the deposit is inversely proportional to the atomic mobility, phase constitution depends strongly on deposition temperature. This paper examines the influence of deposition temperature on the crystal structure of electrodeposited Al-Mn and Al-Ti alloys electrodeposited from AlCl3-NaCl and AlCl3-EMImCl ionic liquids from temperatures ranging from 80 degrees C to 425 degrees C. Deposition at low temperature favors the preferential deposition of amorphous and crystalline phases which appear as high temperature variants in the equilibrium phase diagram. These structures generally have high symmetry, and for this reason are relatively easy to nucleate. The room temperature equilibrium phases, which generally have a more complicated structure, can only be obtained at elevated deposition temperatures. C1 [Stafford, G. R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tsuda, T.] Osaka Univ, Dept Appl Chem, Grad Sch Engn, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Hussey, C. L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Stafford, GR (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Tsuda, Tetsuya/F-7234-2014 OI Tsuda, Tetsuya/0000-0001-9462-8066 NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-541-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 535 EP 547 DI 10.1149/06404.0535ecst PG 13 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC9PF UT WOS:000356725500058 ER PT S AU Tsuda, T Ikeda, Y Kuwabata, S Stafford, GR Hussey, CL AF Tsuda, Tetsuya Ikeda, Yuichi Kuwabata, Susumu Stafford, Gery R. Hussey, Charles L. BE Reichert, WM Ispas, A Bund, A DeLong, HC Haverhals, LM Mizuhata, M Trulove, PC Mantz, RA TI Electrodeposition of Al-W-Mn Alloy from Lewis Acidic AlCl3-1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid SO MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 19 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th Int Symposium on Molten Salts and Ion Liquids as part of the Joint Meeting of the 226th Meeting of the Electrochem Soc, the XXIX Congreso de la Sociedad Mexicana de Electroquinica / 7th Meeting of the Mexico Sect of the Electrochem Soc CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc Electrodeposit Div ID CHLOROALUMINATE MOLTEN-SALTS; ALUMINUM-MANGANESE ALLOYS; PITTING CORROSION; TERNARY ALLOYS; TUNGSTEN; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; PASSIVITY; MELT AB The electrodeposition of non-equilibrium ternary Al-W-Mn alloys was investigated in the Lewis acidic 66.7-33.3 mol % aluminum chloride-1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AlCl3-[C(2)mim]Cl) ionic liquid (IL) with K-3[W2Cl9] and MnCl2 to improve the properties of binary Al-W alloy electrodeposits. The Al-W-Mn alloys were electrochemically deposited on Cu substrates. The W content in the Al-W-Mn alloys monotonically decreased with increasing the applied current density independently of the K-3[W2Cl9] and MnCl2 concentration in the IL solution. The Mn content in the ternary alloys was significantly affected by the electrodeposition condition. The XRD and EDS analyses revealed that the Al-W-Mn alloys prepared in this research have non-equilibrium solid solution and amorphous phases without chloride contamination. The surface morphology was improved by adding Mn to the Al-W alloy, and the pitting potential of the Al-W-Mn alloy surpassed that for the electrodeposited Al-W and Al-Mn binary alloy systems. C1 [Tsuda, Tetsuya; Ikeda, Yuichi; Kuwabata, Susumu] Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. [Stafford, Gery R.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hussey, Charles L.] Univ Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, University, MS 38677 USA. RP Tsuda, T (reprint author), Osaka Univ, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Chem, 2-1 Yamada Oka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan. RI Tsuda, Tetsuya/F-7234-2014 OI Tsuda, Tetsuya/0000-0001-9462-8066 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-541-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 563 EP 574 DI 10.1149/06404.0563ecst PG 12 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BC9PF UT WOS:000356725500060 ER PT S AU Zhu, H Zhao, EH Richter, CA Li, QL AF Zhu, Hao Zhao, Erhai Richter, Curt A. Li, Qiliang BE He, JH ODwyer, C Ren, F Jagadish, C Chueh, YL TI Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Nanowire Field Effect Transistors SO STATE-OF-THE-ART PROGRAM ON COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS 56 (SOTAPOCS 56) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors 56 (SOTAPOCS) held during the 226th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 05-09, 2014 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div ID SINGLE DIRAC CONE; SURFACE-STATES; NANORIBBONS; TRANSPORT; BI2TE3 AB Topological insulator is characterized as a new class of materials which have an insulating band gap in the bulk and gapless surface state which is protected by its intrinsic time-reversal symmetry. Here, we report high-performance topological insulator nanowire field effect transistors (FETs) with sharp turn-on, clear cutoff current, large On/Off current ratio (similar to 10(8)) and well-saturated, strong inversion-mode output current-voltage characteristics. The metallic electron transport at surface, with effective mobility of 200 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1) similar to 1000 cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), and bulk conduction, with activation energy close to band gap of bulk Bi2Se3 can be effectively separated and tuned by gated field effect. We also report the first experimental observation of anomalous Aharonov-Bohm oscillation in Bi2Se3 nanowire FET under strong surface disorder. The magnetotransport properties demonstrated here of topological insulator nanostructure provide effective approaches of surface states modulations, and can enable more spintronics device applications and sensing applications. C1 [Zhu, Hao; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. [Zhu, Hao; Richter, Curt A.; Li, Qiliang] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Erhai] George Mason Univ, Dept Phys, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. RP Zhu, H (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22033 USA. RI Chueh, Yu-Lun/E-2053-2013 OI Chueh, Yu-Lun/0000-0002-0155-9987 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 6 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-554-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 64 IS 17 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1149/06417.0051ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry SC Electrochemistry GA BC9TF UT WOS:000356860500007 ER PT J AU Chen, YC Patel, VM Chellappa, R Phillips, PJ AF Chen, Yi-Chen Patel, Vishal M. Chellappa, Rama Phillips, P. Jonathon GP IEEE TI Adaptive Representations for Video-based Face Recognition Across Pose SO 2014 IEEE WINTER CONFERENCE ON APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER VISION (WACV) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV) CY MAR 24-26, 2014 CL Steamboat Springs, CO SP IEEE AB In this paper, we address the problem of matching faces across changes in pose in unconstrained videos. We propose two methods based on 3D rotation and sparse representation that compensate for changes in pose. The first is Sparse Representation-based Alignment (SRA) that generates pose aligned features under a sparsity constraint. The mapping for the pose aligned features are learned from a reference set of face images which is independent of the videos used in the experiment. Thus, they generalize across data sets. The second is a Dictionary Rotation (DR) method that directly rotates video dictionary atoms in both their harmonic basis and 3D geometry to match the poses of the probe videos. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach over several state-of-the-art algorithms through extensive experiments on three challenging unconstrained video datasets: the video challenge of the Face and Ocular Challenge Series (FOCS), the Multiple Biometrics Grand Challenge (MBGC), and the Human ID datasets. C1 [Chen, Yi-Chen; Patel, Vishal M.; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Yi-Chen; Patel, Vishal M.; Chellappa, Rama] Univ Maryland, UMIACS, Ctr Automat Res, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, YC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM chenyc08@umiacs.umd.edu; pvishalm@umiacs.umd.edu; rama@umiacs.umd.edu; jonathon.phillips@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2014 BP 984 EP 991 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BC8WG UT WOS:000356144800132 ER PT S AU Ghandehari, LS Czerwonka, J Lei, Y Shafiee, S Kacker, R Kuhn, R AF Ghandehari, Laleh Sh. Czerwonka, Jacek Lei, Yu Shafiee, Soheil Kacker, Raghu Kuhn, Richard GP IEEE TI An Empirical Comparison of Combinatorial and Random Testing SO 2014 SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION WORKSHOPS (ICSTW 2014) SE IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST) CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2014 CL Cleveland, OH SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, ABB DE Combinatorial Testing; Random Testing; Software Testing ID SOFTWARE AB Some conflicting results have been reported on the comparison between t-way combinatorial testing and random testing. In this paper, we report a new study that applies t-way and random testing to the Siemens suite. In particular, we investigate the stability of the two techniques. We measure both code coverage and fault detection effectiveness. Each program in the Siemens suite has a number of faulty versions. In addition, mutation faults are used to better evaluate fault detection effectiveness in terms of both number and diversity of faults. The experimental results show that in most cases, t-way testing performed as good as or better than random testing. There are few cases where random testing performed better, but with a very small margin. Overall, the differences between the two techniques are not as significant as one would have probably expected. We discuss the practical implications of the results. We believe that more studies are needed to better understand the comparison of the two techniques. C1 [Ghandehari, Laleh Sh.; Lei, Yu; Shafiee, Soheil] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Czerwonka, Jacek] Microsoft Res, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. [Kacker, Raghu; Kuhn, Richard] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ghandehari, LS (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-4848 BN 978-0-7695-5194-4 J9 IEEE ICST WORKSHOP PY 2014 BP 68 EP 77 DI 10.1109/ICSTW.2014.8 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BC8WD UT WOS:000356142700011 ER PT S AU Hagar, J Kuhn, R Kacker, R Wissink, T AF Hagar, Jon Kuhn, Rick Kacker, Raghu Wissink, Tom GP IEEE TI Introducing Combinatorial Testing in a Large Organization: Pilot Project Experience Report SO 2014 SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION WORKSHOPS (ICSTW 2014) SE IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST) CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2014 CL Cleveland, OH SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, ABB C1 [Hagar, Jon] Grand Software Testing, Grand Rapids, MI 49548 USA. [Kuhn, Rick; Kacker, Raghu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Hagar, Jon; Wissink, Tom] Lockheed Martin, Ft Worth, TX USA. RP Hagar, J (reprint author), Grand Software Testing, Grand Rapids, MI 49548 USA. EM embedded@ecentral.com; kuhn@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; tom.wissink@lmco.com NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-4848 BN 978-0-7695-5194-4 J9 IEEE ICST WORKSHOP PY 2014 BP 153 EP 153 DI 10.1109/ICSTW.2014.70 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BC8WD UT WOS:000356142700021 ER PT S AU Kuhn, R Kacker, R Lei, Y AF Kuhn, Rick Kacker, Raghu Lei, Yu GP IEEE TI Estimating Fault Detection Effectiveness SO 2014 SEVENTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOFTWARE TESTING, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION WORKSHOPS (ICSTW 2014) SE IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshops LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation (ICST) CY MAR 31-APR 04, 2014 CL Cleveland, OH SP IEEE Comp Soc, IEEE, ABB C1 [Kuhn, Rick; Kacker, Raghu] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX USA. RP Kuhn, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuhn@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ylei@uta.edu NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2159-4848 BN 978-0-7695-5194-4 J9 IEEE ICST WORKSHOP PY 2014 BP 154 EP 154 DI 10.1109/ICSTW.2014.69 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BC8WD UT WOS:000356142700022 ER PT B AU Moser, ML Keefer, ML Caudill, CC Burke, BJ AF Moser, Mary L. Keefer, Matthew L. Caudill, Christopher C. Burke, Brian J. BE Ueda, H Tsukamoto, K TI Migratory Behavior of Adult Pacific Lamprey and Evidence for Effects of Individual Temperament on Migration Rate SO PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF FISH MIGRATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; COLUMBIA RIVER; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; SPAWNING MIGRATION; PETROMYZON-MARINUS; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; CHINOOK SALMON; SEA LAMPREY; ENTOSPHENUS-TRIDENTATUS; GEOTRIA-AUSTRALIS C1 [Moser, Mary L.; Burke, Brian J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Keefer, Matthew L.; Caudill, Christopher C.] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Sci, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Moser, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mary.moser@noaa.gov RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4665-9514-9; 978-1-4665-9513-2 PY 2014 BP 132 EP 151 PG 20 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC9JX UT WOS:000356511300007 ER PT J AU Islam, T Srivastava, PK Dai, Q Gupta, M AF Islam, Tanvir Srivastava, Prashant K. Dai, Qiang Gupta, Manika TI Ice cloud detection from AMSU-A, MHS, and HIRS satellite instruments inferred by cloud profiling radar SO REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMOS SATELLITE; LAND; ALGORITHM; MODIS; MODEL; IDENTIFICATION; CALIPSO AB An algorithm for ice cloud detection aided by support vector machine (AID-SVM) is presented. The AID-SVM algorithm is applied and tested for the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A, microwave humidity sounder (MHS), and high resolution infrared radiation sounder (HIRS) instruments onboard NOAA-19 satellite. The algorithm is based on satellite brightness temperature measurements and developed as well as validated by using collocated ice/no-ice cloud information acquired from the CloudSat cloud-profiling radar. The algorithm is tested over both ocean and land surfaces. Overall, the results exhibit very promising potential to acquire ice/no-ice cloud information using the passive satellite sensors. It is found that infrared satellite sensor such as HIRS is more efficient in detecting ice clouds than the counterpart microwave satellite sensors. Furthermore, the combined measurements using microwave/infrared synergy perform no better than the infrared-only measurements. C1 [Islam, Tanvir] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Islam, Tanvir] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Islam, Tanvir; Srivastava, Prashant K.; Dai, Qiang] Univ Bristol, Dept Civil Engn, Bristol, Avon, England. [Srivastava, Prashant K.; Gupta, Manika] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Srivastava, Prashant K.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gupta, Manika] Univ Space Res Assoc, Columbia, MD USA. RP Islam, T (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM tanvir.islam@noaa.gov OI Islam, Tanvir/0000-0003-2429-3074 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 2150-704X EI 2150-7058 J9 REMOTE SENS LETT JI Remote Sens. Lett. PY 2014 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1012 EP 1021 DI 10.1080/2150704X.2014.990643 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA CK4WB UT WOS:000356222900002 ER PT S AU Halverson, S Mahadevan, S Ramsey, L Terrien, R Roy, A Schwab, C Bender, C Hearty, F Levi, E Osterman, S Ycas, G Diddams, S AF Halverson, Samuel Mahadevan, Suvrath Ramsey, Lawrence Terrien, Ryan Roy, Arpita Schwab, Christian Bender, Chad Hearty, Fred Levi, Eric Osterman, Steve Ycas, Gabe Diddams, Scott BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI The Habitable-zone Planet Finder Calibration System SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Near-infrared spectroscopy; wavelength references; exoplanets; radial velocity surveys ID SPECTROGRAPHS AB We present the design concept of the wavelength calibration system for the Habitable-zone Planet Finder instrument (HPF), a precision radial velocity (RV) spectrograph designed to detect terrestrial-mass planets around M-dwarfs. HPF is a stabilized, fiber-fed, R similar to 50,000 spectrograph operating in the near-infrared (NIR) z/Y/J bands from 0.84 to 1.3 microns. For HPF to achieve 1 m s(-1) or better measurement precision, a unique calibration system, stable to several times better precision, will be needed to accurately remove instrumental effects at an unprecedented level in the NIR. The primary wavelength calibration source is a laser frequency comb (LFC), currently in development at NIST Boulder, discussed separately in these proceedings. The LFC will be supplemented by a stabilized single-mode fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer reference source and Uranium-Neon lamp. The HPF calibration system will combine several other new technologies developed by the Penn State Optical-Infrared instrumentation group to improve RV measurement precision including a dynamic optical coupling system that significantly reduces modal noise effects. Each component has been thoroughly tested in the laboratory and has demonstrated significant performance gains over previous NIR calibration systems. C1 [Halverson, Samuel; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence; Terrien, Ryan; Roy, Arpita; Schwab, Christian; Bender, Chad; Hearty, Fred; Levi, Eric] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Halverson, Samuel; Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence; Terrien, Ryan; Roy, Arpita; Bender, Chad] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Osterman, Steve] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Ycas, Gabe; Diddams, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Halverson, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 525 Davey Lab, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM shalverson@psu.edu OI Roy, Arpita/0000-0001-8127-5775 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91477Z DI 10.1117/12.2054967 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800241 ER PT S AU Osterman, SN Ycas, GG Donaldson, CL Diddams, SA Mahadevan, S Ramsey, LW Plavchan, PP AF Osterman, Steve N. Ycas, Gabriel G. Donaldson, Chelsea L. Diddams, Scott A. Mahadevan, Suvrath Ramsey, Lawrence W. Plavchan, Peter P. BE Ramsay, SK McLean, IS Takami, H TI Near field modal noise reduction using annealed optical fiber SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Instrumentation for Astronomy CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE modal noise; annealed fiber; near infrared; radial velocity; spectroscopy AB Incomplete and unstable mode population has long complicated the application of optical fiber for transferring star and calibration light to high precision spectrographs. The need for improved precision calibrators in support of radial velocity planet surveys has led to the introduction of coherent wavelengths sources using single mode fibers that are then coupled into multi-mode fibers, further exacerbating this problem. We explore mode scrambling in annealed optical fiber with and without agitation, as compared to that obtained using octagonal fiber and using an integrating sphere. We observe improved scrambling with annealed fibers compared to conventional and octagonal fibers. C1 [Osterman, Steve N.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Osterman, Steve N.] Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ycas, Gabriel G.; Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Donaldson, Chelsea L.] SW Res Inst, Boulder, CO USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence W.] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Mahadevan, Suvrath; Ramsey, Lawrence W.] Penn State Univ, Ctr Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Plavchan, Peter P.] CALTECH, Infrared Proc & Anal Ctr, Exoplanet Sci Inst, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Plavchan, Peter P.] Missouri State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Mat Sci, Springfield, MO USA. RP Osterman, SN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM steven.osterman@jhuapl.edu NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9615-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9147 AR 91475C DI 10.1117/12.2058416 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WL UT WOS:000354527800165 ER PT B AU Collins, BA Bokel, FA DeLongchamp, DM AF Collins, Brian A. Bokel, Felicia A. DeLongchamp, Dean M. BE Brabec, C Scherf, U Dyakonov, V TI Organic Photovoltaic Morphology SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS: MATERIALS, DEVICE PHYSICS, AND MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES, 2ND EDITION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR-CELLS; SUM-FREQUENCY GENERATION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; POLYMER/FULLERENE BLEND FILMS; BURIED POLYMER INTERFACES; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; IN-SITU; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY C1 [Collins, Brian A.; Bokel, Felicia A.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] NIST, Organ Elect & Photovolta Polymer Div, Elect Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Collins, BA (reprint author), NIST, Organ Elect & Photovolta Polymer Div, Elect Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 151 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY BN 978-3-527-65691-2; 978-3-527-33225-0 PY 2014 BP 377 EP 420 D2 10.1002/9783527656912 PG 44 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BC5EE UT WOS:000353226300012 ER PT B AU Pendleton, L Murray, BC Gordon, D Cooley, D Vegh, T AF Pendleton, Linwood Murray, Brian C. Gordon, David Cooley, David Vegh, Tibor BE Ninan, KN TI Harnessing the financial value of coastal 'blue' carbon SO VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES AND CASE STUDIES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID COSTS; AREAS C1 [Pendleton, Linwood] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Ocean & Coastal Policy, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Pendleton, Linwood] NOAA, New York, NY USA. [Murray, Brian C.; Vegh, Tibor] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Econ Anal, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Murray, Brian C.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Gordon, David] HDR Inc, Omaha, NE USA. [Gordon, David] Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Res, Durham, NC 27706 USA. [Cooley, David] Abt Associates Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Cooley, David] Duke Univ, Duke Carbon Offsets Initiat, Project Dev, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RP Pendleton, L (reprint author), Duke Univ, Nicholas Inst Environm Policy Solut, Ocean & Coastal Policy, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD PI CHELTENHAM PA GLENSANDA HOUSE, MONTPELLIER PARADE, CHELTENHAM GL50 1UA, GLOS, ENGLAND BN 978-1-78195-516-1; 978-1-78195-515-4 PY 2014 BP 361 EP 377 D2 10.4337/9781781955161 PG 17 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA BC5FP UT WOS:000353240100019 ER PT B AU Elliott, DG Wiens, GD Hammell, KL Rhodes, LD AF Elliott, Diane G. Wiens, Gregory D. Hammell, K. Larry Rhodes, Linda D. BE Gudding, R Lillehaug, A Evensen, O TI Vaccination against Bacterial Kidney Disease SO FISH VACCINATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; PATHOGEN RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; TROUT SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; CULTURED COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; CAUSATIVE AGENT; SALAR L AB Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) of salmonid fishes, caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum, has presented challenges for development of effective vaccines, despite several decades of research. The only vaccine against BKD that is commercially licensed is an injectable preparation containing live cells of Arthrobacter davidanieli (proposed nomenclature), a non-pathogenic environmental bacterium with a relatively close phylogenetic relationship to R. salmoninarum. The stimulatory effect of the live vaccine is believed to be associated with an Arthrobacter surface carbohydrate that is similar to the exopolysaccharide of R. salmoninarum. Significant protection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) against BKD, but limited or no protection of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) against the disease, has been observed following intraperitoneal injection of the vaccine. Further research is needed for development of more efficacious BKD vaccines for a wider range of salmonid species. C1 [Elliott, Diane G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wiens, Gregory D.] USDA ARS, Natl Ctr Cool & Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, WV 25430 USA. [Hammell, K. Larry] Univ Prince Edward Isl, Atlantic Vet Coll, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada. [Rhodes, Linda D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Elliott, DG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 Northeast 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dgelliott@usgs.gov; greg.wiens@ars.usda.gov; lhammell@upei.ca; linda.rhodes@noaa.gov OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 NR 144 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-118-80692-0; 978-0-470-67455-0 PY 2014 BP 255 EP 272 D2 10.1002/9781118806913 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BC7IE UT WOS:000354894300023 ER PT S AU Benton, SJ Ade, PA Amiri, M Angile, FE Bock, JJ Bond, JR Bryan, SA Chiang, HC Contaldi, CR Crill, BP Devlin, MJ Dober, B Dore, OP Dowell, CD Farhang, M Filippini, JP Fissel, LM Fraisse, AA Fukui, Y Galitzki, N Galmbrel, AE Gandilo, NN Golwala, SR Gudmundsson, JE Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, GC Holmes, WA Hristov, VV Irwin, KD Jones, WC Kermish, ZD Klein, J Korotkov, AL Kuo, CL MacTavish, CJ Mason, PV Matthews, TG Megerian, KG Moncelsi, L Morford, TA Mroczkowski, TK Nagy, JM Netterfield, CB Novak, G Nutter, D O'Brient, R Ogburn, RV Pascale, E Poidevin, F Rahlin, AS Reintsema, CD Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Savini, G Scott, D Shariff, JA Soler, JD Thomas, NE Trangsrud, A Truch, MD Tucker, CE Tucker, GS Tucker, RS Turner, AD Ward-Thompson, D Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Young, EY AF Benton, S. J. Ade, P. A. Amiri, M. Angile, F. E. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Bryan, S. A. Chiang, H. C. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. Devlin, M. J. Dober, B. Dore, O. P. Dowell, C. D. Farhang, M. Filippini, J. P. Fissel, L. M. Fraisse, A. A. Fukui, Y. Galitzki, N. Galmbrel, A. E. Gandilo, N. N. Golwala, S. R. Gudmundsson, J. E. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, Mi. Hilton, G. C. Holmes, W. A. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. D. Jones, Wt. C. Kermish, Z. D. Klein, J. Korotkov, A. L. Kuo, C. L. MacTavish, C. J. Mason, P. V. Matthews, T. G. Megerian, K. G. Moncelsi, L. Morford, T. A. Mroczkowski, T. K. Nagy, J. M. Netterfield, C. B. Novak, G. Nutter, D. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. V. Pascale, E. Poidevin, F. Rahlin, A. S. Reintsema, C. D. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Savini, G. Scott, D. Shariff, J. A. Soler, J. D. Thomas, N. E. Trangsrud, A. Truch, M. D. Tucker, C. E. Tucker, G. S. Tucker, R. S. Turner, A. D. Ward-Thompson, D. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Young, E. Y. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI BLASTbus electronics: general-purpose readout and control for balloon-borne experiments SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes V CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE BLASTbus; SPIDER; BLASTPol; bolometer readout; attitude control; cryogenics; balloon-borne telescope ID SUBMILLIMETER; TELESCOPE; ARRAY AB We present the second generation BLASTbus electronics. The primary purposes of this system are detector readout, attitude control, and cryogenic housekeeping, for balloon-borne telescopes. Readout of neutron transmutation doped germanium (NTD-Ge) bolometers requires low noise and parallel acquisition of hundreds of analog signals. Controlling a telescope's attitude requires the capability to interface to a wide variety of sensors and motors, and to use them together in a fast, closed loop. To achieve these different goals, the BLASTbus system employs a flexible motherboard-daughterboard architecture. The programmable motherboard features a digital signal processor (DSP) and field-programmable gate array (FPGA), as well as slots for three daughterboards. The daughterboards provide the interface to the outside world, with versions for analog to digital conversion, and optoisolated digital input/output. With the versatility afforded by this design, the BLASTbus also finds uses in cryogenic, thermometry, and power systems. For accurate timing control to tie everything together, the system operates in a fully synchronous manner. BLASTbus electronics have been successfully deployed to the South Pole, and flown on stratospheric balloons. C1 [Benton, S. J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ade, P. A.; Nutter, D.; Pascale, E.; Tucker, C. E.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Amiri, M.; Scott, D.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Angile, F. E.; Devlin, M. J.; Dober, B.; Galitzki, N.; Klein, J.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Dore, O. P.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hristov, V. V.; Mason, P. V.; Moncelsi, L.; Morford, T. A.; Mroczkowski, T. K.; O'Brient, R.; Tucker, R. S.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O. P.; Dowell, C. D.; Holmes, W. A.; Megerian, K. G.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Trangsrud, A.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bond, J. R.; Farhang, M.] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Bond, J. R.; Halpern, M.; Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bryan, S. A.; Nagy, J. M.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, Durban, South Africa. [Contaldi, C. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Theoret Phys, London, England. [Farhang, M.; Fissel, L. M.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Fissel, L. M.; Novak, G.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophys, Evanston, IL USA. [Fraisse, A. A.; Galmbrel, A. E.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Jones, Wt. C.; Kermish, Z. D.; Rahlin, A. S.; Young, E. Y.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fukui, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Inst Adv Res, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Hasselfield, Mi.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. V.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Gandilo, N. N.; Korotkov, A. L.; Shariff, J. A.; Soler, J. D.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [MacTavish, C. J.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge, England. [Matthews, T. G.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL USA. [Poidevin, F.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain. [Poidevin, F.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain. [Savini, G.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Soler, J. D.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Soler, J. D.] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. [Thomas, N. E.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Ward-Thompson, D.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Maths Phys & Astron, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Benton, SJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM sbenton@aphysics.utoronto.ca OI Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9613-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9145 AR 91450V DI 10.1117/12.2056693 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6QE UT WOS:000354375800029 ER PT S AU Gandilo, NN Ade, PAR Amiri, M Angile, FE Benton, SJ Bock, JJ Bond, JR Bryan, SA Chiang, HC Contald, CR Crill, BP Devlin, MJ Dober, B Doree, OP Farhang, M Filippini, JP Fissel, LM Fraisse, AA Fukui, Y Galitzki, N Gambrel, AE Golwala, S Gudmundsson, JE Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, GC Holmes, WA Hristov, VV Irwin, KD Jones, WC Kermish, ZD Klein, J Korotkov, AL Kuo, CL MacTavish, CJ Masonf, PV Matthews, TG Megerian, KG Moncelsi, L Morford, TA Mroczkowski, TK Nagy, JM Netterfield, CB Novak, G Nutter, D O'Brient, R Pascale, E Poidevin, F Rahlin, AS Reintsema, CD Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Savini, G Scott, D Shariff, JA Soler, JD Thomas, NE Trangsru, A Truch, MD Tucker, CE Tucker, GS Tucker, RS Turner, AD Ward-Thompson, D Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Young, EY AF Gandilo, N. N. Ade, P. A. R. Amiri, M. Angile, F. E. Benton, S. J. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Bryan, S. A. Chiang, H. C. Contald, C. R. Crill, B. P. Devlin, M. J. Dober, B. Dore, O. P. Farhang, M. Filippini, J. P. Fissel, L. M. Fraisse, A. A. Fukui, Y. Galitzki, N. Gambrel, A. E. Golwala, S. Gudmundsson, J. E. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hilton, G. C. Holmes, W. A. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. D. Jones, W. C. Kermish, Z. D. Klein, J. Korotkov, A. L. Kuo, C. L. MacTavish, C. J. Masonf, P. V. Matthews, T. G. Megerian, K. G. Moncelsi, L. Morford, T. A. Mroczkowski, T. K. Nagy, J. M. Netterfield, C. B. Novak, G. Nutter, D. O'Brient, R. Pascale, E. Poidevin, F. Rahlin, A. S. Reintsema, C. D. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Savini, G. Scott, D. Shariff, J. A. Soler, J. D. Thomas, N. E. Trangsru, A. Truch, M. D. Tucker, C. E. Tucker, G. S. Tucker, R. S. Turner, A. D. Ward-Thompson, D. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Young, E. Y. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Attitude determination for balloon-borne experiments SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes V CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE balloon-borne telescopes; submillimeter; cosmic microwave background; attitude determination; pointing precision; star cameras AB An attitude determination system for balloon-borne experiments is presented. The system provides pointing information in azimuth and elevation for instruments flying on stratospheric balloons over Antarctica. In-flight attitude is given by the real-time combination of readings from star cameras, a magnetometer, sun sensors, GPS, gyroscopes, tilt sensors and an elevation encoder. Post-flight attitude reconstruction is determined from star camera solutions, interpolated by the gyroscopes using an extended Kalman Filter. The multi-sensor system was employed by the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry (BLASTPol), an experiment that measures polarized thermal emission from interstellar dust clouds. A similar system was designed for the upcoming flight of SPIDER, a Cosmic Microwave Background polarization experiment. The pointing requirements for these experiments are discussed, as well as the challenges in designing attitude reconstruction systems for high altitude balloon flights. In the 2010 and 2012 BLASTPol flights from McMurdo Station, Antarctica, the system demonstrated an accuracy of < 5' rms in-flight, and < 5 '' rms post-flight. C1 [Gandilo, N. N.; Filippini, J. P.; Fissel, L. M.; Netterfield, C. B.; Shariff, J. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ade, P. A. R.; Nutter, D.; Pascale, E.; Tucker, C. E.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Amiri, M.; Halpern, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Angile, F. E.; Devlin, M. J.; Galitzki, N.; Klein, J.; Truch, M. D.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Benton, S. J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Dore, O. P.; Golwala, S.; Moncelsi, L.; Morford, T. A.; Mroczkowski, T. K.; O'Brient, R.; Tucker, R. S.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Crill, B. P.; Farhang, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Megerian, K. G.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Trangsru, A.; Weber, A. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bond, J. R.; Filippini, J. P.] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bond, J. R.; Halpern, M.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bryan, S. A.; Nagy, J. M.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Astrophys Cosmol Res Unit, Durban, South Africa. [Contald, C. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Theoret Phys, London, England. [Fissel, L. M.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Explorat & Res Astrophy, Evanston, IL USA. [Fraisse, A. A.; Gambrel, A. E.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Kermish, Z. D.; Young, E. Y.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Fukui, Y.] Nagoya Univ, Inst Adv Res, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. [Hasselfield, M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Korotkov, A. L.; Tucker, G. S.] Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [MacTavish, C. J.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge, England. [Poidevin, F.] Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38200 San Cristobal la Laguna, Spain. [Poidevin, F.] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain. [Savini, G.] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London, England. [Soler, J. D.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Soler, J. D.] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. [Thomas, N. E.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Ward-Thompson, D.] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Maths Phys & Astron, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Gandilo, NN (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM gandilo@astro.utoronto.ca OI Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9613-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9145 AR 91452U DI 10.1117/12.2055156 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6QE UT WOS:000354375800094 ER PT S AU Shariff, JA Ade, PAR Amiri, M Benton, SJ Bock, JJ Bond, JR Bryan, SA Chiang, HC Contaldi, CR Crill, BP Dore, OP Farhang, M Filippini, JP Fissel, LM Fraisse, AA Gambrel, AE Gandilo, NN Golwala, SR Gudmundsson, JE Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, GC Holmes, WA Hristov, VV Irwin, KD Jones, WC Kermish, ZD Kuo, CL MacTavish, CJ Mason, PV Megerian, KG Moncelsi, L Morford, TA Nagy, JM Netterfield, CB O'Brient, R Rahlin, AS Reintsema, CD Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Soler, JD Trangsrud, A Tucker, CE Tucker, RS Turner, AD Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Young, EY AF Shariff, J. A. Ade, P. A. R. Amiri, M. Benton, S. J. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Bryan, S. A. Chiang, H. C. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. Dore, O. P. Farhang, M. Filippini, J. P. Fissel, L. M. Fraisse, A. A. Gambrel, A. E. Gandilo, N. N. Golwala, S. R. Gudmundsson, J. E. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hilton, G. C. Holmes, W. A. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. D. Jones, W. C. Kermish, Z. D. Kuo, C. L. MacTavish, C. J. Mason, P. V. Megerian, K. G. Moncelsi, L. Morford, T. A. Nagy, J. M. Netterfield, C. B. O'Brient, R. Rahlin, A. S. Reintsema, C. D. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Soler, J. D. Trangsrud, A. Tucker, C. E. Tucker, R. S. Turner, A. D. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Young, E. Y. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Pointing control for the SPIDER balloon-borne telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes V CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE SPIDER; cosmic microwave background; balloon-borne telescopes; control systems; actuation AB We present the technology and control methods developed for the pointing system of the SPIDER experiment. SPIDER is a balloon-borne polarimeter designed to detect the imprint of primordial gravitational waves in the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. We describe the two main components of the telescope's azimuth drive: the reaction wheel and the motorized pivot. A 13 kHz PI control loop runs on a digital signal processor, with feedback from fibre optic rate gyroscopes. This system can control azimuthal speed with < 0.02 deg/s RMS error. To control elevation, SPIDER uses stepper-motor-driven linear actuators to rotate the cryostat, which houses the optical instruments, relative to the outer frame. With the velocity in each axis controlled in this way, higher-level control loops on the onboard flight computers can implement the pointing and scanning observation modes required for the experiment. We have accomplished the non-trivial task of scanning a 5000 lb payload sinusoidally in azimuth at a peak acceleration of 0.8 deg/s(2), and a peak speed of 6 deg/s. We can do so while reliably achieving sub-arcminute pointing control accuracy. C1 [Shariff, J. A.; Farhang, M.; Fissel, L. M.; Gandilo, N. N.; Netterfield, C. B.; Soler, J. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C. E.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Amiri, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O. P.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Halpern, M.; Hristov, V. V.; Mason, P. V.; Moncelsi, L.; Morford, T. A.; O'Brient, R.; Tucker, R. S.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O. P.; Holmes, W. A.; Megerian, K. G.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Trangsrud, A.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bond, J. R.; Farhang, M.] Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Bond, J. R.; Halpern, M.; Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bryan, S. A.; Nagy, J. M.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Contaldi, C. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Theoret Phys, London, England. [Fissel, L. M.] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Evanston, IL USA. [Fraisse, A. A.; Gambrel, A. E.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Jones, W. C.; Kermish, Z. D.; Rahlin, A. S.; Young, E. Y.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hasselfield, M.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [MacTavish, C. J.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge, England. [Soler, J. D.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Soler, J. D.] Univ Paris 11, Orsay, France. RP Shariff, JA (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. EM shariff@astro.utoronto.ca OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9613-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9145 AR 91450U DI 10.1117/12.2055166 PG 20 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6QE UT WOS:000354375800028 ER PT S AU Soler, JD Ade, PAR Amiri, M Benton, SJ Bock, JJ Bond, JR Bryan, SA Chiang, C Contaldi, CC Crill, BP Dore, OP Farhang, M Filippini, JP Fissel, LM Fraisse, AA Gambrel, AE Gandilo, NN Golwala, S Gudmundsson, JE Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, GC Holmes, WA Hristov, VV Irwin, KD Jones, WC Kermish, ZD Kuo, CL MacTavish, CJ Mason, PV Megerian, KG Moncelsi, L Morford, T Nagy, JM Netterfield, CB Rahlin, AS Reintsema, CD Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Shariff, JA Trangsrud, A Tucker, C Tucker, RS Turner, AD Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Young, EY AF Soler, J. D. Ade, P. A. R. Amiri, M. Benton, S. J. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Bryan, S. A. Chiang, C. Contaldi, C. C. Crill, B. P. Dore, O. P. Farhang, M. Filippini, J. P. Fissel, L. M. Fraisse, A. A. Gambrel, A. E. Gandilo, N. N. Golwala, S. Gudmundsson, J. E. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hilton, G. C. Holmes, W. A. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. D. Jones, W. C. Kermish, Z. D. Kuo, C. -L. MacTavish, C. J. Mason, P. V. Megerian, K. G. Moncelsi, L. Morford, T. Nagy, J. M. Netterfield, C. B. Rahlin, A. S. Reintsema, C. D. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Shariff, J. A. Trangsrud, A. Tucker, C. Tucker, R. S. Turner, A. D. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Young, E. Y. BE Stepp, LM Gilmozzi, R Hall, HJ TI Design and construction of a carbon fiber gondola for the SPIDER balloon-borne telescope SO GROUND-BASED AND AIRBORNE TELESCOPES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ground-Based and Airborne Telescopes V CY JUN 22-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE SPIDER; cosmic microwave background; balloon-borne telescope; structures; composite materials AB We introduce the light-weight carbon fiber and aluminum gondola designed for the SPIDER balloon-borne telescope. SPIDER is designed to measure the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation with unprecedented sensitivity and control of systematics in search of the imprint of inflation: a period of exponential expansion in the early Universe. The requirements of this balloon-borne instrument put tight constrains on the mass budget of the payload. The SPIDER gondola is designed to house the experiment and guarantee its operational and structural integrity during its balloon-borne flight, while using less than 10% of the total mass of the payload. We present a construction method for the gondola based on carbon fiber reinforced polymer tubes with aluminum inserts and aluminum multi-tube joints. We describe the validation of the model through Finite Element Analysis and mechanical tests. C1 [Soler, J. D.] CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-75700 Paris, France. [Fissel, L. M.; Gandilo, N. N.; Shariff, J. A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Amiri, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Benton, S. J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O. P.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S.; Hristov, V. V.; Mason, P. V.; Moncelsi, L.; Morford, T.; Tucker, R. S.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bond, J. R.; Farhang, M.; MacTavish, C. J.] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Bond, J. R.; Halpern, M.; Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bryan, S. A.; Nagy, J. M.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Fraisse, A. A.; Gambrel, A. E.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Hasselfield, M.; Jones, W. C.; Kermish, Z. D.; Rahlin, A. S.; Young, E. Y.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kuo, C. -L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chiang, C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Contaldi, C. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Theoret Phys Blackett Lab, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Soler, JD (reprint author), CNRS, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-75700 Paris, France. EM jsolerpu@ias.u-psud.fr OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9613-3 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9145 AR 91450T DI 10.1117/12.2055413 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6QE UT WOS:000354375800027 ER PT S AU Ahmed, Z Amiri, M Benton, SJ Bock, JJ Bowens-Rubin, R Buder, I Bullock, E Connors, J Filippini, JP Grayson, JA Halpern, M Hilton, GC Hristov, VV Hui, H Irwin, KD Kang, J Karkare, KS Karpel, E Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S Thompson, KL Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Wu, WLK Yoon, KW AF Ahmed, Z. Amiri, M. Benton, S. J. Bock, J. J. Bowens-Rubin, R. Buder, I. Bullock, E. Connors, J. Filippini, J. P. Grayson, J. A. Halpern, M. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. V. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. Karkare, K. S. Karpel, E. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Thompson, K. L. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Wu, W. L. K. Yoon, K. W. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI BICEP3: a 95 GHz refracting telescope for degree-scale CMB polarization SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Inflation; Gravitational Waves; Cosmic Microwave Background; Polarization; BICEP; Keck Array ID INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; GRAVITY-WAVES; ANISOTROPY; FLATNESS; HORIZON; PROBE AB BICEP3 is a 550 mm-aperture refracting telescope for polarimetry of radiation in the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz. It adopts the methodology of BICEP1, BICEP2 and the Keck Array experiments it possesses sufficient resolution to search for signatures of the inflation-induced cosmic gravitational-wave background while utilizing a compact design for ease of construction and to facilitate the characterization and mitigation of systematics. However, BICEP3 represents a significant breakthrough in per-receiver sensitivity, with a focal plane area 5x larger than a BICEP2/Keck Array receiver and faster optics (f/1.6 vs. f/2.4). Large-aperture infrared-reflective metal-mesh filters and infrared-absorptive cold alumina filters and lenses were developed and implemented for its optics. The camera consists of 1280 dual-polarization pixels; each is a pair of orthogonal antenna arrays coupled to transition-edge sensor bolometers and read out by multiplexed SQUIDs. Upon deployment at the South Pole during the 2014-15 season, BICEP3 will have survey speed comparable to Keck Array 150 GHz (2013), and will significantly enhance spectral separation of primordial B-mode power from that of possible galactic dust contamination in the BICEP2 observation patch. C1 [Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Karpel, E.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Amiri, M.; Halpern, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Filippini, J. P.; Hristov, V. V.; Hui, H.; O'Brient, R.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Nguyen, H. T.; Turner, A. D.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bowens-Rubin, R.; Buder, I.; Connors, J.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Ahmed, Z (reprint author), 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zeesh@stanford.edu OI Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993 NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91531N DI 10.1117/12.2057224 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400042 ER PT S AU Appel, JW Ali, A Amiri, M Araujo, D Bennett, CL Boone, F Chan, MW Cho, HM Chuss, DT Colazo, F Crowe, E Denis, K Dunner, R Eimer, J Essinger-Hileman, T Gothe, D Halpern, M Harrington, K Hilton, G Hinshaw, GF Huang, C Irwin, K Jones, G Karakla, J Kogut, AJ Larson, D Limon, M Lowry, L Marriage, T Mehrle, N Miller, AD Miller, N Moseley, SH Novak, G Reintsema, C Rostem, K Stevenson, T Towner, D U-Yen, K Wagner, E Watts, D Wollack, E Xu, ZL Zeng, LZ AF Appel, John W. Ali, Aamir Amiri, Mandana Araujo, Derek Bennett, Charles L. Boone, Fletcher Chan, Manwei Cho, Hsiao-Mei Chuss, David T. Colazo, Felipe Crowe, Erik Denis, Kevin Duenner, Rolando Eimer, Joseph Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Gothe, Dominik Halpern, Mark Harrington, Kathleen Hilton, Gene Hinshaw, Gary F. Huang, Caroline Irwin, Kent Jones, Glenn Karakla, John Kogut, Alan J. Larson, David Limon, Michele Lowry, Lindsay Marriage, Tobias Mehrle, Nicholas Miller, Amber D. Miller, Nathan Moseley, Samuel H. Novak, Giles Reintsema, Carl Rostem, Karwan Stevenson, Thomas Towner, Deborah U-Yen, Kongpop Wagner, Emily Watts, Duncan Wollack, Edward Xu, Zhilei Zeng, Lingzhen BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS): 38-GHz detector array of bolometric polarimeters SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE CMB; Polarimeter; Bolometer; TES ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; INFLATIONARY UNIVERSE; POWER SPECTRA; MULTIPLEXERS; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENT; FLATNESS; HORIZON AB The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) experiment aims to map the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at angular scales larger than a few degrees. Operating from Cerro Toco in the Atacama Desert of Chile, it will observe over 65% of the sky at 38, 93, 148, and 217 GHz. In this paper we discuss the design, construction, and characterization of the CLASS 38 GHz detector focal plane, the first ever Q-band bolometric polarimeter array. C1 [Appel, John W.; Ali, Aamir; Bennett, Charles L.; Boone, Fletcher; Chan, Manwei; Eimer, Joseph; Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Gothe, Dominik; Harrington, Kathleen; Huang, Caroline; Karakla, John; Larson, David; Lowry, Lindsay; Marriage, Tobias; Mehrle, Nicholas; Wagner, Emily; Watts, Duncan; Xu, Zhilei] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Chuss, David T.; Colazo, Felipe; Crowe, Erik; Denis, Kevin; Kogut, Alan J.; Miller, Nathan; Moseley, Samuel H.; Rostem, Karwan; Stevenson, Thomas; Towner, Deborah; U-Yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. [Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Hilton, Gene; Reintsema, Carl] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Amiri, Mandana; Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Araujo, Derek; Jones, Glenn; Limon, Michele; Miller, Amber D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Novak, Giles] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zeng, Lingzhen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Appel, JW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jappel3@jhu.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Watts, Duncan/0000-0002-5437-6121; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 NR 54 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91531J DI 10.1117/12.2056530 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400040 ER PT S AU Benson, BA Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Allen, SW Arnold, K Austermann, JE Bender, AN Bleem, LE Carlstrom, JE Chang, CL Cho, HM Cliche, JF Crawford, TM Cukierman, A de Haan, T Dobbs, MA Dutcher, D Everett, W Gilbert, A Halverson, NW Hanson, D Harrington, NL Hattori, K Henning, JW Hilton, GC Holder, GP Holzapfel, WL Irwin, KD Keisler, R Knox, L Kubik, D Kuo, CL Lee, AT Leitch, EM Li, D McDonald, M Meyer, SS Montgomery, J Myers, M Natoli, T Nguyen, H Novosad, V Padin, S Pan, Z Pearson, J Reichardt, CL Ruhl, JE Saliwanchik, BR Simard, G Smecher, G Sayre, JT Shirokoff, E Stark, AA Story, K Suzuki, A Thompson, KL Tucker, C Vanderlinde, K Vieira, JD Vikhlinin, A Wang, G Yefremenko, V Yoon, KW AF Benson, B. A. Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Allen, S. W. Arnold, K. Austermann, J. E. Bender, A. N. Bleem, L. E. Carlstrom, J. E. Chang, C. L. Cho, H. M. Cliche, J. F. Crawford, T. M. Cukierman, A. de Haan, T. Dobbs, M. A. Dutcher, D. Everett, W. Gilbert, A. Halverson, N. W. Hanson, D. Harrington, N. L. Hattori, K. Henning, J. W. Hilton, G. C. Holder, G. P. Holzapfel, W. L. Irwin, K. D. Keisler, R. Knox, L. Kubik, D. Kuo, C. L. Lee, A. T. Leitch, E. M. Li, D. McDonald, M. Meyer, S. S. Montgomery, J. Myers, M. Natoli, T. Nguyen, H. Novosad, V. Padin, S. Pan, Z. Pearson, J. Reichardt, C. L. Ruhl, J. E. Saliwanchik, B. R. Simard, G. Smecher, G. Sayre, J. T. Shirokoff, E. Stark, A. A. Story, K. Suzuki, A. Thompson, K. L. Tucker, C. Vanderlinde, K. Vieira, J. D. Vikhlinin, A. Wang, G. Yefremenko, V. Yoon, K. W. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI SPT-3G: A Next-Generation Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Experiment on the South Pole Telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE B-modes; cosmic microwave background; cryogenics; inflation; gravitational lensing; neutrino mass; optical design; polarization; transition-edge sensors ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; DAMPING TAIL; SZ SURVEY; DEG(2); CONSTRAINTS; CMB; ANISOTROPIES; MULTIPLEXER; STATISTICS; ESTIMATORS AB We describe the design of a new polarization sensitive receiver, SPT-3G, for the 10-meter South Pole Telescope (sPT). The SPT-3G receiver will deliver a factor of similar to 20 improvement in mapping speed over the current receiver, SPT-POL. The sensitivity of the SPT-3G receiver will enable the advance from statistical detection of B-mode polarization anisotropy power to high signal-to-noise measurements of the individual modes, i.e., maps. This will lead to precise (similar to 0.06 eV) constraints on the sum of neutrino masses with the potential to directly address the neutrino mass hierarchy. It will allow a separation of the lensing and inflationary B-mode power spectra, improving constraints on the amplitude and shape of the primordial signal, either through SPT-3G data alone or in combination with BICEP2/KECK, which is observing the same area of sky. The measurement of small-scale temperature anisotropy will provide new constraints on the epoch of reionization. Additional science from the SPT-3G survey will be significantly enhanced by the synergy with the ongoing optical Dark Energy Survey (DES), including: a 1% constraint on the bias of optical tracers of large-scale structure, a measurement of the differential Doppler signal from pairs of galaxy clusters that will test General Relativity on similar to 200 Mpc scales, and improved cosmological constraints from the abundance of clusters of galaxies. C1 Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Dutcher, D.; Leitch, E. M.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Pan, Z.; Shirokoff, E.; Story, K.] Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Benson, B. A.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Crawford, T. M.; Leitch, E. M.; Meyer, S. S.; Shirokoff, E.] Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3YB, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Allen, S. W.; Irwin, K. D.; Keisler, R.; Kuo, C. L.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Allen, S. W.; Irwin, K. D.; Keisler, R.; Kuo, C. L.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Allen, S. W.; Cho, H. M.; Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Arnold, K.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Austermann, J. E.; Everett, W.; Halverson, N. W.; Henning, J. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, A. N.; Cliche, J. F.; de Haan, T.; Dobbs, M. A.; Gilbert, A.; Hanson, D.; Holder, G. P.; Montgomery, J.; Simard, G.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Bleem, L. E.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Chang, C. L.; Wang, G.; Yefremenko, V.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div High Energy Phys, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Meyer, S. S.] Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Carlstrom, J. E.; Dutcher, D.; Meyer, S. S.; Natoli, T.; Pan, Z.; Story, K.] Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Cukierman, A.; Harrington, N. L.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Myers, M.; Reichardt, C. L.; Suzuki, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Dobbs, M. A.; Holder, G. P.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, CIFAR Program Cosmol & Grav, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hattori, K.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Hilton, G. C.; Li, D.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Knox, L.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Lee, A. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [McDonald, M.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Novosad, V.; Pearson, J.] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Padin, S.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Reichardt, C. L.] Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. [Ruhl, J. E.; Saliwanchik, B. R.; Sayre, J. T.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Smecher, G.] Three Speed Log Inc, Vancouver, BC V6A 2J8, Canada. [Stark, A. A.; Vikhlinin, A.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dunlap Inst Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Vanderlinde, K.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M55 3H4, Canada. [Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Vieira, J. D.] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Benson, BA (reprint author), Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, MS209,POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. EM bbenson@kicp.uchicago.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; Novosad, V /J-4843-2015; OI Reichardt, Christian/0000-0003-2226-9169; Stark, Antony/0000-0002-2718-9996; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 57 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91531P DI 10.1117/12.2057305 PG 21 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400043 ER PT S AU Buder, I Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Aikin, RW Alexander, KD Amiri, M Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Bonetti, JA Brevik, JA Bullock, E Burger, B Crill, BP Davis, G Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, S Golwala, SR Gordon, MS Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Hristov, VV Hui, H Irwin, KD Karkare, KS Kaufman, JP Keating, BG Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Mason, P Megerian, KG Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Orlando, A Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Thompson, KL Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Wilson, P Wong, CL Yoon, KW AF Buder, I. Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Aikin, R. W. Alexander, K. D. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Bonetti, J. A. Brevik, J. A. Bullock, E. Burger, B. Crill, B. P. Davis, G. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. Golwala, S. R. Gordon, M. S. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. V. Hui, H. Irwin, K. D. Karkare, K. S. Kaufman, J. P. Keating, B. G. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Mason, P. Megerian, K. G. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Orlando, A. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. L. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Wilson, P. Wong, C. L. Yoon, K. W. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI BICEP2 and Keck Array: upgrades and improved beam characterization SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Inflation; Gravitational waves; Cosmic microwave background; polarization; BICEP2; Keck Array AB Searching for evidence of inflation by measuring B-modes in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization at degree angular scales remains one of the most compelling experimental challenges in cosmology. BICEP2 and the Keck Array are part of a program of experiments at the South Pole whose main goal is to achieve the sensitivity and systematic control necessary for measurements of the tensor-to-scalar ratio at sigma(r) less than or similar to 0.01. Beam imperfections that are not sufficiently accounted for are a potential source of spurious polarization that could interfere with that goal. The strategy of BICEP2 and the Keck Array is to completely characterize their telescopes' polarized beam response with a combination of in-lab, pre-deployment, and on-site calibrations. We report the status of these experiments, focusing on continued improved understanding of their beams. Far-field measurements of the BICEP2 beam with a chopped thermal source, combined with analysis improvements, show that the level of residual beam-induced systematic errors is acceptable for the goal of sigma(r) similar to 0.01 measurements. Beam measurements of the Keck Array side lobes helped identify a way to reduce optical loading with interior cold baffles, which we installed in late 2013. These baffles reduced total optical loading, leading to a similar to 10% increase in mapping speed for the 2014 observing season. The sensitivity of the Keck A r r ay continues to improve: for the 2013 season it was 9.5 mu K root s noise equivalent temperature (NET). In 2014 we converted two of the 150-GHz cameras to 100 GHz for foreground separation capability. We have shown that the BICEP2 and the Keck Array telescope technology is sufficient for the goal of sigma(r) similar to 0.01 measurements. Furthermore, the program is continuing with BICEP3, a 100-GHz telescope with 2560 detectors. C1 [Buder, I.; Alexander, K. D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Gordon, M. S.; Karkare, K. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Crill, B. P.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hristov, V. V.; Hui, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; Mason, P.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.; Weber, A. C.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Davis, G.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Barkats, D.] Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Benton, S. J.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dowell, C. D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Weber, A. C.; Wilson, P.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E.; Pryke, C.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] CEA Grenoble, Serv Basses Temp, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Fliescher, S.; Pryke, C.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, B. G.; Orlando, A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Buder, I (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ibuder@cfa.harvard.edu OI Alexander, Kate/0000-0002-8297-2473; Gordon, Michael/0000-0002-1913-2682; Orlando, Angiola/0000-0001-8004-5054; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 915312 DI 10.1117/12.2055713 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400027 ER PT S AU Dicker, SR Ade, PAR Aguirre, J Brevik, JA Cho, HM Datta, R Devlin, MJ Dober, B Egan, D Ford, J Ford, P Hilton, G Hubmayr, J Irwin, KD Masong, BS Marganian, P Mello, M McMahon, JJ Mroczkowski, T Romero, C Stanchfield, SM Tucker, C Vale, L White, S Whitehead, M Young, AH AF Dicker, S. R. Ade, P. A. R. Aguirre, J. Brevik, J. A. Cho, H. M. Datta, R. Devlin, M. J. Dober, B. Egan, D. Ford, J. Ford, P. Hilton, G. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. D. Masong, B. S. Marganian, P. Mello, M. McMahon, J. J. Mroczkowski, T. Romero, C. Stanchfield, S. M. Tucker, C. Vale, L. White, S. Whitehead, M. Young, A. H. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI MUSTANG 2-a large focal plane array for the 100 meter Green Bank Telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE TES bolometer array; 90 GHz; Green Bank Telescope; frequency domain readout AB MUSTANG 2 is a 223 element focal plane that operates between 75 and 105 GHz on the 100 meter Green Bank Telescope. It shares many of the science goals of its predecessor, MUSTANG, but will have fifteen times the sensitivity and five times the field-of-view. Angular scales from 9 '' to 6' will be recovered with high fidelity providing a unique overlap between high resolution instruments such as ALMA and lower resolution single dish telescopes such as ACT or SPT. Individual TES bolometers are placed behind feedhorns spaced by 1.9 fA and are read out using a microwave SQUID multiplexing system. C1 [Dicker, S. R.; Aguirre, J.; Devlin, M. J.; Dober, B.; Stanchfield, S. M.; Young, A. H.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Cho, H. M.; Hilton, G.; Hubmayr, J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Datta, R.; McMahon, J. J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Egan, D.; Ford, J.; Ford, P.; Marganian, P.; Mello, M.; White, S.; Whitehead, M.] NRAO, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Romero, C.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Masong, B. S.] NRAO, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Mroczkowski, T.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Romero, C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22901 USA. RP Dicker, SR (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91530J DI 10.1117/12.2056455 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400012 ER PT S AU Dober, BJ Ade, PAR Ashton, P Angile, FE Beall, JA Becker, D Bradford, KJ Che, G Cho, HM Devlin, MJ Fissel, LM Fukui, Y Galitzki, N Gao, JS Groppi, CE Hillbrand, S Hilton, GC Hubmayr, J Irwinh, KD Klein, J Van Lanen, J Li, D Li, ZY Lourie, NP Mani, H Martin, PG Mauskopf, P Nakamura, F Novak, G Pappas, DP Pascale, E Santos, FP Savini, G Scott, D Stanchfield, S Ullom, JN Underhill, M Vissers, MR Ward-Thompson, D AF Dober, Bradley J. Ade, Peter A. R. Ashton, Peter Angile, Francesco E. Beall, James A. Becker, Dan Bradford, Kristi J. Che, George Cho, Hsiao-Mei Devlin, Mark J. Fissel, Laura M. Fukui, Yasuo Galitzki, Nicholas Gao, Jiansong Groppi, Christopher E. Hillbrand, Seth Hilton, Gene C. Hubmayr, Johannes Irwinh, Kent D. Klein, Jeffrey Van Lanen, Jeff Li, Dale Li, Zhi-Yun Lourie, Nathan P. Mani, Hamdi Martin, Peter G. Mauskopf, Philip Nakamura, Fumitaka Novak, Giles Pappas, David P. Pascale, Enzo Santos, Fabio P. Savini, Giorgio Scott, Douglas Stanchfield, Sara Ullom, Joel N. Underhill, Matthew Vissers, Michael R. Ward-Thompson, Derek BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The next-generation BLASTPol experiment SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE BLAST; MKID; Submillimeter; Star Formation; Polarimetry; Instrumentation; Molecular Cloud; Balloon Payload ID MAGNETIC-FIELDS; MOLECULAR CLOUD; POLARIMETRY; SIMULATIONS; DISPERSION; VELOCITY; ARRAYS; STARS; HORN; MASS AB The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarimetry (BLASTPol) is a suborbital mapping experiment designed to study the role magnetic fields play in star formation. BLASTPol has had two science flights from McMurdo Station, Antarctica in 2010 and 2012. These flights have produced thousands of polarization vectors at 250, 350 and 500 microns in several molecular cloud targets. We present the design, specifications, and progress towards the next-generation BLASTPol experiment (BLAST-TNG). BLAST-TNG will fly a 40% larger diameter primary mirror, with almost 8 times the number of polarization-sensitive detectors resulting in a factor of 16 increase in mapping speed. With a spatial resolution of 22" and four times the field of view (340 arcmin2) of BLASTPol, BLAST-TNG will bridge the angular scales between Planck's all-sky maps with 5' resolution and ALMA's ultra-high resolution narrow ( 20") fields. The new receiver has a larger cryogenics volume, allowing for a 28 day hold time. BLAST-TNG employs three arrays of Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) with 30% fractional bandwidth at 250, 350 and 500 microns. In this paper, we will present the new BLAST-TNG instrument and science objectives. C1 [Dober, Bradley J.; Angile, Francesco E.; Devlin, Mark J.; Galitzki, Nicholas; Klein, Jeffrey; Lourie, Nathan P.; Stanchfield, Sara] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Pascale, Enzo] Cardiff Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3A, S Glam, Wales. [Ashton, Peter; Fissel, Laura M.; Santos, Fabio P.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Beall, James A.; Becker, Dan; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Gao, Jiansong; Hilton, Gene C.; Hubmayr, Johannes; Van Lanen, Jeff; Li, Dale; Pappas, David P.; Ullom, Joel N.; Vissers, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect & Photon Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bradford, Kristi J.; Che, George; Mani, Hamdi; Mauskopf, Philip; Underhill, Matthew] Arizona State Univ, Dept Phys, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Fukui, Yasuo] Nagoya Univ, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648602, Japan. [Hillbrand, Seth] Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. [Irwinh, Kent D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Li, Zhi-Yun] Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Martin, Peter G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Nakamura, Fumitaka] Natl Astron Observ, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan. [Savini, Giorgio] UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Scott, Douglas] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Ward-Thompson, Derek] Univ Cent Lancashire, Jeremiah Horrocks Inst Maths Phys & Astron, Preston PR1 2HE, Lancs, England. RP Dober, BJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, 209 South 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM dober@sas.upenn.edu OI Scott, Douglas/0000-0002-6878-9840; Savini, Giorgio/0000-0003-4449-9416 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91530H DI 10.1117/12.2054419 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400011 ER PT S AU Essinger-Hileman, T Ali, A Amiri, M Appel, JW Araujo, D Bennett, CL Boone, F Chan, MW Cho, HM Chuss, DT Colazo, F Crowe, E Denis, K Dunner, R Eimer, J Gothe, D Halpern, M Harrington, K Hilton, G Hinshaw, GF Huang, C Irwin, K Jones, G Karakla, J Kogut, AJ Larson, D Limon, M Lowry, L Marriage, T Mehrle, N Miller, AD Miller, N Moseley, SH Novak, G Reintsema, C Rostem, K Stevenson, T Towner, D U-Yen, K Wagner, E Watts, D Wollack, E Xu, ZL Zeng, LZ AF Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Ali, Aamir Amiri, Mandana Appel, John W. Araujo, Derek Bennett, Charles L. Boone, Fletcher Chan, Manwei Cho, Hsiao-Mei Chuss, David T. Colazo, Felipe Crowe, Erik Denis, Kevin Duenner, Rolando Eimer, Joseph Gothe, Dominik Halpern, Mark Harrington, Kathleen Hilton, Gene Hinshaw, Gary F. Huang, Caroline Irwin, Kent Jones, Glenn Karakla, John Kogut, Alan J. Larson, David Limon, Michele Lowry, Lindsay Marriage, Tobias Mehrle, Nicholas Miller, Amber D. Miller, Nathan Moseley, Samuel H. Novak, Giles Reintsema, Carl Rostem, Karwan Stevenson, Thomas Towner, Deborah U-Yen, Kongpop Wagner, Emily Watts, Duncan Wollack, Edward Xu, Zhilei Zeng, Lingzhen BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI CLASS: The cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIZATION; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; POWER SPECTRA; SOUTH-POLE; MILLIMETER; POLARIMETRY; TELESCOPE; FLUCTUATIONS; BOLOMETERS; BANDWIDTH AB The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is an experiment to measure the signature of a gravitational-wave background from inflation in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). CLASS is a multi-frequency array of four telescopes operating from a high-altitude site in the Atacama Desert in Chile. CLASS will survey 70% of the sky in four frequency bands centered at 38, 93, 148, and 217 GHz, which are chosen to straddle the Galactic-foreground minimum while avoiding strong atmospheric emission lines. This broad frequency coverage ensures that CLASS can distinguish Galactic emission from the CMB. The sky fraction of the CLASS survey will allow the full shape of the primordial B-mode power spectrum to be characterized, including the signal from reionization at low l. Its unique combination of large sky coverage, control of systematic errors, and high sensitivity will allow CLASS to measure or place upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio at a level of r = 0.01 and make a cosmic-variance-limited measurement of the optical depth to the surface of last scattering, tau. C1 [Essinger-Hileman, Thomas; Ali, Aamir; Appel, John W.; Bennett, Charles L.; Boone, Fletcher; Chan, Manwei; Eimer, Joseph; Gothe, Dominik; Harrington, Kathleen; Huang, Caroline; Karakla, John; Larson, David; Lowry, Lindsay; Marriage, Tobias; Mehrle, Nicholas; Wagner, Emily; Watts, Duncan; Xu, Zhilei] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Amiri, Mandana; Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Araujo, Derek; Limon, Michele; Miller, Amber D.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Hilton, Gene; Reintsema, Carl] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chuss, David T.; Colazo, Felipe; Crowe, Erik; Denis, Kevin; Kogut, Alan J.; Miller, Amber D.; Moseley, Samuel H.; Rostem, Karwan; Stevenson, Thomas; Towner, Deborah; U-Yen, Kongpop; Wollack, Edward] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Catlica Chile, Inst Astrofis, Santiago, Chile. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Novak, Giles] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Zeng, Lingzhen] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Essinger-Hileman, T (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Watts, Duncan/0000-0002-5437-6121; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91531I DI 10.1117/12.2056701 PG 23 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400039 ER PT S AU Grace, E Beall, J Bond, JR Cho, HM Datta, R Devlin, MJ Dunner, R Fox, AE Gallardo, P Hasselfield, M Henderson, S Hilton, GC Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Hubmayr, J Irwin, K Klein, J Koopman, B Li, D Lungu, M Newburgh, L Nibarger, JP Niemack, MD Maurin, L McMahon, J Naess, S Page, LA Pappas, C Schmitt, BL Sievers, J Staggs, ST Thornton, R Van Lanen, J Wollack, EJ AF Grace, E. Beall, J. Bond, J. R. Cho, H. M. Datta, R. Devlin, M. J. Duenner, R. Fox, A. E. Gallardo, P. Hasselfield, M. Henderson, S. Hilton, G. C. Hincks, A. D. Hlozek, R. Hubmayr, J. Irwin, K. Klein, J. Koopman, B. Li, D. Lungu, M. Newburgh, L. Nibarger, J. P. Niemack, M. D. Maurin, L. McMahon, J. Naess, S. Page, L. A. Pappas, C. Schmitt, B. L. Sievers, J. Staggs, S. T. Thornton, R. Van Lanen, J. Wollack, E. J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI ACTPol: on-sky performance and characterization SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Cosmology; Cosmic Microwave Background; Polarimetry; Transition Edge Sensor; Bolometer AB ACTPol is the polarization-sensitive receiver on the Atacama Cosmology Telescope. ACTPol enables sensitive millimeter wavelength measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) at arcminute angular scales. These measurements are designed to explore the process of cosmic structure formation, constrain or determine the sum of the neutrino masses, probe dark energy, and provide a foundation for a host of other cosmological tests. We present an overview of the first season of ACTPol observations focusing on the optimization and calibration of the first detector array as well as detailing the on-sky performance. C1 [Grace, E.; Newburgh, L.; Page, L. A.; Pappas, C.; Staggs, S. T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Beall, J.; Cho, H. M.; Fox, A. E.; Hilton, G. C.; Hubmayr, J.; Li, D.; Nibarger, J. P.; Van Lanen, J.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bond, J. R.; Sievers, J.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Devlin, M. J.; Klein, J.; Lungu, M.; Schmitt, B. L.; Thornton, R.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Duenner, R.; Gallardo, P.; Maurin, L.] Pontificia Univ Catolica, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Gallardo, P.; Henderson, S.; Koopman, B.; Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hasselfield, M.; Hlozek, R.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hasselfield, M.; Hincks, A. D.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Irwin, K.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Datta, R.; McMahon, J.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA. [Naess, S.] Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Sievers, J.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Chem & Phys, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Thornton, R.; Wollack, E. J.] West Chester Univ Penn, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Wollack, E. J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Grace, E (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM egrace@princeton.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 915310 DI 10.1117/12.2057243 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400025 ER PT S AU Jhabvala, CA Benford, DJ Brekosky, RP Chang, MP Costen, NP Datesman, AM Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Kogut, AJ Lazear, J Leong, ES Maher, SF Miller, TM Moseley, SH Sharp, EH Staguhn, JG Wollack, EJ AF Jhabvala, Christine A. Benford, Dominic J. Brekosky, Regis P. Chang, Meng-Ping Costen, Nicholas P. Datesman, Aaron M. Hilton, Gene C. Irwin, Kent D. Kogut, Alan J. Lazear, Justin Leong, Edward S. Maher, Stephen F. Miller, Timothy M. Moseley, S. Harvey Sharp, Elmer H. Staguhn, Johannes G. Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Kilopixel Backshort-Under-Grid arrays for the Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Backshort-Under-Grid; infrared bolometer; PIPER; through-wafer-via; transition edge sensor; indium bump bonding; atomic layer deposition ID FAR-INFRARED ASTRONOMY AB We have demonstrated a kilopixel, filled, infrared bolometer array for the balloon-borne Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER). The array consists of three individual components assembled into a single working unit: 1) a transition-edge-sensor bolometer array with background-limited sensitivity, 2) a quarter-wavelength backshort grid, and 3) an integrated Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) multiplexer (MUX) readout. The detector array is a filled, square-grid of suspended, one-micron thick silicon bolometers with superconducting sensors. The Backshort-Under-Grid (BUG) is a separately fabricated component serving as a backshort to each pixel in the array. The backshorts are positioned in the cavities created behind each detector by the back-etched well. The spacing of the backshort beneath the detector grid can be set from similar to 30-300 microns by independently adjusting process parameters during fabrication. Kilopixel arrays are directly indium-bump-bonded to a 32x40 SQUID multiplexer circuit. The array architecture is suitable for a wide range of wavelengths and applications. Detector design specific to the PIPER instrument, fabrication overview, and assembly technologies will be discussed. C1 [Jhabvala, Christine A.; Benford, Dominic J.; Brekosky, Regis P.; Chang, Meng-Ping; Costen, Nicholas P.; Datesman, Aaron M.; Kogut, Alan J.; Lazear, Justin; Leong, Edward S.; Maher, Stephen F.; Miller, Timothy M.; Moseley, S. Harvey; Sharp, Elmer H.; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Brekosky, Regis P.; Chang, Meng-Ping; Costen, Nicholas P.; Datesman, Aaron M.; Leong, Edward S.] Stinger Ghaffarian Technol Inc, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA. [Hilton, Gene C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Irwin, Kent D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Sharp, Elmer H.] Global Sci & Technol Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Lazear, Justin; Sharp, Elmer H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Maher, Stephen F.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Jhabvala, CA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM christine.a.jhabvala@nasa.gov RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012 OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91533C DI 10.1117/12.2056995 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400092 ER PT S AU Karkare, KS Ade, PAR Ahmed, Z Aikin, RW Alexander, KD Amiri, M Barkats, D Benton, SJ Bischoff, CA Bock, JJ Bonetti, JA Brevik, JA Buder, I Bullock, EW Burger, B Connors, J Crille, BP Davis, G Dowell, CD Duband, L Filippini, JP Fliescher, ST Golwala, SR Gordon, MS Grayson, JA Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hildebrandt, SR Hilton, GC Hristov, VV Hin, H Irwin, KD Kang, JH Karpel, E Kefeli, S Kernasovskiy, SA Kovac, JM Kuo, CL Leitch, EM Lueker, M Mason, P Megerian, KG Netterfield, CB Nguyen, HT O'Brient, R Ogburn, RW Pryke, C Reintsema, CD Richter, S Schwarz, R Sheehy, CD Staniszewski, ZK Sudiwala, RV Teply, GP Thompson, KL Tolan, JE Turner, AD Vieregg, AG Weber, A Wong, CL Wu, WLK Yoon, KW AF Karkare, K. S. Ade, P. A. R. Ahmed, Z. Aikin, R. W. Alexander, K. D. Amiri, M. Barkats, D. Benton, S. J. Bischoff, C. A. Bock, J. J. Bonetti, J. A. Brevik, J. A. Buder, I. Bullock, E. W. Burger, B. Connors, J. Crille, B. P. Davis, G. Dowell, C. D. Duband, L. Filippini, J. P. Fliescher, S. T. Golwala, S. R. Gordon, M. S. Grayson, J. A. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. Hildebrandt, S. R. Hilton, G. C. Hristov, V. V. Hin, H. Irwin, K. D. Kang, J. H. Karpel, E. Kefeli, S. Kernasovskiy, S. A. Kovac, J. M. Kuo, C. L. Leitch, E. M. Lueker, M. Mason, P. Megerian, K. G. Netterfield, C. B. Nguyen, H. T. O'Brient, R. Ogburn, R. W. Pryke, C. Reintsema, C. D. Richter, S. Schwarz, R. Sheehy, C. D. Staniszewski, Z. K. Sudiwala, R. V. Teply, G. P. Thompson, K. L. Tolan, J. E. Turner, A. D. Vieregg, A. G. Weber, A. Wong, C. L. Wu, W. L. K. Yoon, K. W. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Keck Array and BICEP3: Spectral Characterization of 5000+Detectors SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Inflation; Gravitational waves; Cosmic microwave background; Polarization; BICEP; Keck Array AB The inflationary paradigm of the early universe predicts a stochastic background of gravitational waves which would generate a B-mode polarization pattern in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at degree angular scales. Precise measurement of B-modes is one of the most compelling observational goals in modern cosmology. Since 2011, the Keck Array has deployed over 2500 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer detectors at 100 and 150 GHz to the South Pole in pursuit of degree-scale B-modes, and BicEP3 will follow in 2015 with 2500 more at 100 GHz. Characterizing the spectral response of these detectors is important for controlling systematic effects that could lead to leakage from the temperature to polarization signal, and for understanding potential coupling to atmospheric and astrophysical emission lines. We present complete spectral characterization of the Keck Array detectors, made with a Martin-Puplett Fourier Transform Spectrometer at the South Pole, and preliminary spectra of BicEP3 detectors taken in lab. We show band centers and effective bandwidths for both Keck Array bands, and use models of the atmosphere at the South Pole to cross check our absolute calibration. Our procedure for obtaining interferograms in the field with automated 4-axis coupling to the focal plane represents an important step towards efficient and complete spectral characterization of next-generation instruments more than 10000 detectors. C1 [Karkare, K. S.; Alexander, K. D.; Bischoff, C. A.; Buder, I.; Connors, J.; Gordon, M. S.; Kovac, J. M.; Richter, S.; Vieregg, A. G.; Wong, C. L.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Sudiwala, R. V.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Ahmed, Z.; Grayson, J. A.; Irwin, K. D.; Kang, J. H.; Karpel, E.; Kernasovskiy, S. A.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Tolan, J. E.; Wu, W. L. K.; Yoon, K. W.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Ahmed, Z.; Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Thompson, K. L.; Yoon, K. W.] SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Aikin, R. W.; Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J. A.; Crille, B. P.; Filippini, J. P.; Golwala, S. R.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hristov, V. V.; Hin, H.; Kefeli, S.; Lueker, M.; Mason, P.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Teply, G. P.; Weber, A.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Barkats, D.] Joint ALMA Observ, Santiago, Chile. [Benton, S. J.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Bonetti, J. A.; Crille, B. P.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Megerian, K. G.; Nguyen, H. T.; O'Brient, R.; Staniszewski, Z. K.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bullock, E. W.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Inst Astrophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Duband, L.] Commisariat Energie Atom, Serv Basses Temperatures, F-38054 Grenoble, France. [Fliescher, S. T.; Schwarz, R.; Sheehy, C. D.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Leitch, E. M.; Sheehy, C. D.; Vieregg, A. G.] Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP Karkare, KS (reprint author), 60 Garden St,MS 42, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM kkarkare@cfa.harvard.edu OI Alexander, Kate/0000-0002-8297-2473; Gordon, Michael/0000-0002-1913-2682; Karkare, Kirit/0000-0002-5215-6993; Barkats, Denis/0000-0002-8971-1954 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91533B DI 10.1117/12.2056779 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400091 ER PT S AU Lazear, J Ade, PAR Benford, D Bennett, CL Chuss, DT Dotson, JL Eimer, JR Fixsen, DJ Halpern, M Hilton, G Hinderks, J Hinshaw, GF Irwin, K Jhabvala, C Johnson, B Kogut, A Lowe, L McMahon, JJ Miller, TM Mirel, P Moseley, SH Rodriguez, S Sharp, E Staguhn, JG Switzer, ER Tucker, CE Weston, A Wollack, EJ AF Lazear, Justin Ade, Peter A. R. Benford, Dominic Bennett, Charles L. Chuss, David T. Dotson, Jessie L. Eimer, Joseph R. Fixsen, Dale J. Halpern, Mark Hilton, Gene Hinderks, James Hinshaw, Gary F. Irwin, Kent Jhabvala, Christine Johnson, Bradley Kogut, Alan Lowe, Luke McMahon, Jeff J. Miller, Timothy M. Mirel, Paul Moseley, S. Harvey Rodriguez, Samelys Sharp, Elmer Staguhn, Johannes G. Switzer, Eric R. Tucker, Carole E. Weston, Amy Wollack, Edward J. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE polarimeter; cosmic microwave background; bolometer ID MULTIPLEXER; MILLIMETER AB The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER) is a balloon-borne cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter designed to search for evidence of inflation by measuring the large-angular scale CMB polarization signal. BicEP2 recently reported a detection of B-mode power corresponding to the tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0.2 on similar to 2 degree scales. If the BicEP2 signal is caused by inflationary gravitational waves (IGWs), then there should be a corresponding increase in B-mode power on angular scales larger than 18 degrees. PIPER is currently the only suborbital instrument capable of fully testing and extending the BicEP2 results by measuring the B-mode power spectrum on angular scales 0 =similar to 0.6 degrees to 90 degrees, covering both the reionization bump and recombination peak, with sensitivity to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio down to r = 0.007, and four frequency bands to distinguish foregrounds. PIPER will accomplish this by mapping 85% of the sky in four frequency bands (200, 270, 350, 600 GHz) over a series of 8 conventional balloon flights from the northern and southern hemispheres. The instrument has background-limited sensitivity provided by fully cryogenic (1.5 K) optics focusing the sky signal onto four 32x40-pixel arrays of time-domain multiplexed Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers held at 140 mK. Polarization sensitivity and systematic control are provided by front-end Variabledelay Polarization Modulators (VPMs), which rapidly modulate only the polarized sky signal at 3 Hz and allow PIPER to instantaneously measure the full Stokes vector (I, Q, U, V) for each pointing. We describe the PIPER instrument and progress towards its first flight. C1 [Lazear, Justin; Bennett, Charles L.; Eimer, Joseph R.; Staguhn, Johannes G.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ade, Peter A. R.; Tucker, Carole E.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Benford, Dominic; Chuss, David T.; Fixsen, Dale J.; Hinderks, James; Jhabvala, Christine; Kogut, Alan; Lowe, Luke; Miller, Timothy M.; Mirel, Paul; Moseley, S. Harvey; Rodriguez, Samelys; Sharp, Elmer; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Switzer, Eric R.; Weston, Amy; Wollack, Edward J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dotson, Jessie L.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Halpern, Mark; Hinshaw, Gary F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Hilton, Gene] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Johnson, Bradley] Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. [Hinderks, James; McMahon, Jeff J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Rodriguez, Samelys; Weston, Amy] ADNET Syst Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. [Lowe, Luke; Mirel, Paul] Wyle STE, Houston, TX USA. RP Lazear, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM jlazear@pha.jhu.edu RI Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; Benford, Dominic/D-4760-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Benford, Dominic/0000-0002-9884-4206; Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 23 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91531L DI 10.1117/12.2056806 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400041 ER PT S AU MacDermid, K Aboobaker, AM Ade, P Aubin, F Baccigalupi, C Bandura, K Bao, CY Borill, J Chapman, D Didier, J Dobbs, M Grain, J Grainger, W Hanany, S Helson, K Hillbrand, S Hilton, G Hubmayr, H Irwin, K Johnson, B Jaffe, A Jones, T Kisner, T Klein, J Korotkov, A Lee, A Levinson, L Limon, M Miller, A Milligan, M Pascale, E Rauch, K Reichborn-Kjennerud, B Reintsema, C Sagiv, I Smecher, G Stompor, R Tristram, M Tucker, G Ben Westbrook Zilic, K AF MacDermid, Kevin Aboobaker, Asad M. Ade, Peter Aubin, Francois Baccigalupi, Carlo Bandura, Kevin Bao, Chaoyun Borill, Julian Chapman, Daniel Didier, Joy Dobbs, Matt Grain, Julien Grainger, Will Hanany, Shaul Helson, Kyle Hillbrand, Seth Hilton, Gene Hubmayr, Hannes Irwin, Kent Johnson, Bradley Jaffe, Andrew Jones, Terry Kisner, Ted Klein, Jeff Korotkov, Andrei Lee, Adrian Levinson, Lorne Limon, Michele Miller, Amber Milligan, Michael Pascale, Enzo Rauch, Kate Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt Reintsema, Carl Sagiv, Ilan Smecher, Graeme Stompor, Radek Tristram, Matthieu Tucker, Greg Ben Westbrook Zilic, Kyle BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The performance of the bolometer array and readout system during the 2012/2013 flight of the E and B experiment (EBEX) SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE TES; bolometer; SQUID; CMB; balloon-borne; multiplexing AB EBEX is a balloon-borne telescope designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation. During its eleven day science flight in the Austral Summer of 2012, it operated 955 spider-web transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers separated into bands at 150, 250 and 410 GHz. This is the first time that an array of TES bolometers has been used on a balloon platform to conduct science observations. Polarization sensitivity was provided by a wire grid and continuously rotating half-wave plate. The balloon implementation of the bolometer array and readout electronics presented unique development requirements. Here we present an outline of the readout system, the remote tuning of the bolometers and Superconducting QUantum Interference Device (SQUID) amplifiers, and preliminary current noise of the bolometer array and readout system. C1 [MacDermid, Kevin; Bandura, Kevin; Dobbs, Matt; Smecher, Graeme] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Lee, Adrian; Ben Westbrook] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Aboobaker, Asad M.; Aubin, Francois; Bao, Chaoyun; Hanany, Shaul; Jones, Terry; Klein, Jeff; Milligan, Michael; Rauch, Kate; Zilic, Kyle] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Ade, Peter; Grainger, Will; Hillbrand, Seth; Johnson, Bradley; Pascale, Enzo] Harwell Oxford, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Oxford OX11 0QX, England. [Baccigalupi, Carlo] Scuola Int Super Studi Avanzati, I-34014 Trieste, Italy. [Borill, Julian] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chapman, Daniel; Didier, Joy; Limon, Michele; Miller, Amber; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Britt] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Grain, Julien] Univ Paris 11, Inst Astrophys Spatiale, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Jaffe, Andrew; Kisner, Ted] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Helson, Kyle; Korotkov, Andrei] Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Levinson, Lorne; Sagiv, Ilan] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Stompor, Radek] Univ Paris Diderot, Lab Astroparticule & Cosmol APC, F-75205 Paris, France. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Tristram, Matthieu] Univ Paris 11, Lab Accelerateur Lineaire, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Hilton, Gene; Hubmayr, Hannes; Irwin, Kent; Reintsema, Carl] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Dobbs, Matt] Canadian Inst Adv Res, CIFAR Program Cosmol & Grav, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. RP MacDermid, K (reprint author), McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. OI Helson, Kyle/0000-0001-9238-4918; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 915311 DI 10.1117/12.2056267 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400026 ER PT S AU Rahlin, AS Ade, PAR Amiri, M Benton, SJ Bock, JJ Bond, JR Bryan, SA Chiang, HC Contaldi, CR Crill, BP Dore, O Farhang, M Filippini, JP Fissel, LM Fraisse, AA Gambrel, AE Gandilo, NN Golwala, S Gudmundsson, JE Halpern, M Hasselfield, MF Hilton, G Holmes, WA Hristov, VV Irwin, KD Jones, WC Kermish, ZD Kuo, CL MacTavish, CJ Mason, PV Megerian, K Moncelsi, L Morford, TA Nagy, JM Netterfield, CB O'Brient, R Reintsema, C Ruhl, JE Runyan, MC Shariff, JA Soler, JD Trangsrud, A Tucker, C Tucker, RS Turner, AD Weber, AC Wiebe, DV Young, EY AF Rahlin, A. S. Ade, P. A. R. Amiri, M. Benton, S. J. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Bryan, S. A. Chiang, H. C. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. Dore, O. Farhang, M. Filippini, J. P. Fissel, L. M. Fraisse, A. A. Gambrel, A. E. Gandilo, N. N. Golwala, S. Gudmundsson, J. E. Halpern, M. Hasselfield, M. F. Hilton, G. Holmes, W. A. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. D. Jones, W. C. Kermish, Z. D. Kuo, C. L. MacTavish, C. J. Mason, P. V. Megerian, K. Moncelsi, L. Morford, T. A. Nagy, J. M. Netterfield, C. B. O'Brient, R. Reintsema, C. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. C. Shariff, J. A. Soler, J. D. Trangsrud, A. Tucker, C. Tucker, R. S. Turner, A. D. Weber, A. C. Wiebe, D. V. Young, E. Y. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Pre-flight integration and characterization of the SPIDER balloon-borne telescope SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE SPIDER; cosmic microwave background; polarization; inflation; transition-edge sensor; scientific ballooning; millimeter wave instrumentation; cosmology ID MICROWAVE BACKGROUND POLARIMETRY AB We present the results of integration and characterization of the Spider instrument after the 2013 pre-flight campaign. SPIDER is a balloon-borne polarimeter designed to probe the primordial gravitational wave signal in the degree-scale B-mode polarization of the cosmic microwave background. With six independent telescopes housing over 2000 detectors in the 94 GHz and 150 GHz frequency bands, SPIDER will map 7.5% of the sky with a depth of 11 to 14 mu K.arcmin at each frequency, which is a factor of similar to 5 improvement over Planck. We discuss the integration of the pointing, cryogenic, electronics, and power sub-systems, as well as pre-flight characterization of the detectors and optical systems. SPIDER is well prepared for a December 2014 flight from Antarctica, and is expected to be limited by astrophysical foreground emission, and not instrumental sensitivity, over the survey region. C1 [Rahlin, A. S.; Fraisse, A. A.; Gambrel, A. E.; Gudmundsson, J. E.; Jones, W. C.; Kermish, Z. D.; Young, E. Y.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF10 3AX, S Glam, Wales. [Amiri, M.; Golwala, S.; Halpern, M.; Hasselfield, M. F.; Wiebe, D. V.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Benton, S. J.; Farhang, M.; Fissel, L. M.; Netterfield, C. B.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O.; Filippini, J. P.; Hristov, V. V.; Mason, P. V.; Moncelsi, L.; Morford, T. A.; O'Brient, R.; Tucker, R. S.] CALTECH, Div Phys Math & Astron, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O.; Holmes, W. A.; Megerian, K.; O'Brient, R.; Runyan, M. C.; Trangsrud, A.; Turner, A. D.; Weber, A. C.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Bond, J. R.; Farhang, M.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Bond, J. R.; Halpern, M.; Netterfield, C. B.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Bryan, S. A.; Nagy, J. M.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Chiang, H. C.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Durban, South Africa. [Contaldi, C. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, Theoret Phys, London, England. [Fissel, L. M.] Northwestern Univ, CIERA, Evanston, IL USA. [Gandilo, N. N.; Netterfield, C. B.; Shariff, J. A.; Soler, J. D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Hasselfield, M. F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hilton, G.; Irwin, K. D.; Reintsema, C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Kuo, C. L.] Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [MacTavish, C. J.] Univ Cambridge, Kavli Inst Cosmol, Cambridge, England. [Soler, J. D.] Inst Astrophys Spatiale, Orsay, France. RP Rahlin, AS (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM arahlin@princeton.edu OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 50 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 915313 DI 10.1117/12.2055683 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400028 ER PT S AU Sayers, J Bockstiegel, C Brugger, S Czakon, NG Day, PK Downes, TP Duan, RP Gao, JS Gill, AK Glenn, J Golwala, SR Hollister, MI Lam, A Leduc, HG Maloney, PR Mazin, BA McHugh, SG Miller, DA Mroczkowski, AK Noroozian, O Nguyen, HT Schlaerth, JA Siegel, SR Vayonakis, A Wilson, PR Zmuidzinas, J AF Sayers, Jack Bockstiegel, Clint Brugger, Spencer Czakon, Nicole G. Day, Peter K. Downes, Thomas P. Duan, Ran P. Gao, Jiansong Gill, Amandeep K. Glenn, Jason Golwala, Sunil R. Hollister, Matt I. Lam, Albert LeDuc, Henry G. Maloney, Philip R. Mazin, Benjamin A. McHugh, Sean G. Miller, David A. Mroczkowski, Anthony K. Noroozian, Omid Nguyen, Hien T. Schlaerth, James A. Siegel, Seth R. Vayonakis, Anastasios Wilson, Philip R. Zmuidzinas, Jonas BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI The Status of MUSIC: The Multiwavelength Sub/millimeter Inductance Camera SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE kinetic inductance detectors; millimeter-wave instrumentation; submillimeter instrumentation; low-temperature detectors ID GALAXY CLUSTERS; BOLOCAM; SAMPLE AB The Multiwavelength Sub/millimeter Inductance Camera (MUSIC) is a four-band photometric imaging camera operating from the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO). MUSIC is designed to utilize 2304 microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs), with 576 MKIDs for each observing band centered on 150, 230, 290, and 350 GHz. MUSIC's field of view (FOV) is 14' square, and the point-spread functions (PSFs) in the four observing bands have 45 '', 31 '', 25 '', and 22 '' full-widths at half maximum (FWHM). The camera was installed in April 2012 with 25% of its nominal detector count in each band, and has subsequently completed three short sets of engineering observations and one longer duration set of early science observations. Recent results from on-sky characterization of the instrument during these observing runs are presented, including achieved map-based sensitivities from deep integrations, along with results from lab-based measurements made during the same period. In addition, recent upgrades to MUSIC, which are expected to significantly improve the sensitivity of the camera, are described. C1 [Sayers, Jack; Duan, Ran P.; Golwala, Sunil R.; Hollister, Matt I.; Lam, Albert; Miller, David A.; Schlaerth, James A.; Siegel, Seth R.; Vayonakis, Anastasios; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Bockstiegel, Clint; Gao, Jiansong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brugger, Spencer; Gill, Amandeep K.; Glenn, Jason; Maloney, Philip R.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Czakon, Nicole G.] Acad Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Day, Peter K.; LeDuc, Henry G.; Nguyen, Hien T.; Wilson, Philip R.; Zmuidzinas, Jonas] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Downes, Thomas P.] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Mazin, Benjamin A.; McHugh, Sean G.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Mroczkowski, Anthony K.] US Navy, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Noroozian, Omid] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sayers, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM jack@caltech.edu.edu RI Mazin, Ben/B-8704-2011; OI Mazin, Ben/0000-0003-0526-1114; Mroczkowski, Tony/0000-0003-3816-5372 NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 915304 DI 10.1117/12.2055444 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400003 ER PT S AU Simon, SM Raghunathan, S Appel, JW Becker, DT Campusano, LE Cho, HM Essinger-Hileman, T Ho, SP Irwin, KD Jarosik, N Kusaka, A Niemack, MD Nixon, GW Nolta, MR Page, LA Palma, GA Parker, LP Sievers, JL Staggs, ST Visnjic, K AF Simon, S. M. Raghunathan, S. Appel, J. W. Becker, D. T. Campusano, L. E. Cho, H. M. Essinger-Hileman, T. Ho, S. P. Irwin, K. D. Jarosik, N. Kusaka, A. Niemack, M. D. Nixon, G. W. Nolta, M. R. Page, L. A. Palma, G. A. Parker, L. P. Sievers, J. L. Staggs, S. T. Visnjic, K. BE Holland, WS Zmuidzinas, J TI Characterization of the Atacama B-Mode Search SO MILLIMETER, SUBMILLIMETER, AND FAR-INFRARED DETECTORS AND INSTRUMENTATION FOR ASTRONOMY VII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VII CY JUN 24-27, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE B-mode; Cosmic Microwave Background; Atacama B-mode Search; characterization; instrument ID GRAVITY-WAVES; MICROWAVE; POLARIZATION; PROBE AB The Atacama B-mode Search (ABS), which began observations in February of 2012, is a crossed-Dragone telescope located at an elevation of 5190 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. ABS is searching for the B-mode polarization spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at large angular scales from multipole moments of l approximate to 50 similar to 500, a range that includes the primordial B-mode peak from inflationary gravity waves at l approximate to 100. The ABS focal plane consists of 240 pixels sensitive to 145 GHz, each containing two transition-edge sensor bolometers coupled to orthogonal polarizations with a planar ortho-mode transducer. An ambient-temperature continuously rotating half-wave plate and 4 K optics make the ABS instrument unique. We discuss the characterization of the detector spectral responses with a Fourier transform spectrometer and demonstrate that the pointing model is adequate. We also present measurements of the beam from point sources and compare them with simulations. C1 [Simon, S. M.; Ho, S. P.; Jarosik, N.; Kusaka, A.; Nixon, G. W.; Page, L. A.; Parker, L. P.; Staggs, S. T.; Visnjic, K.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Raghunathan, S.; Campusano, L. E.] Univ Chile, Dept Astron, FCFM, Santiago, Chile. [Appel, J. W.; Essinger-Hileman, T.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Becker, D. T.; Cho, H. M.; Irwin, K. D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Niemack, M. D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Nolta, M. R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Palma, G. A.] Univ Chile, Dept Fis, FCFM, Santiago, Chile. [Sievers, J. L.] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Durban, South Africa. RP Simon, SM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM smstwo@princeton.edu OI Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9621-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9153 AR 91530Y DI 10.1117/12.2055576 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Optics GA BC6QG UT WOS:000354387400024 ER PT S AU Betancourt-Martinez, GL Adams, J Bandler, S Beiersdorfer, P Brown, G Chervenak, J Doriese, R Eckart, M Irwin, K Kelley, R Kilbourne, C Leutenegger, M Porter, FS Reintsema, C Smith, S Ullon, J AF Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele L. Adams, Joseph Bandler, Simon Beiersdorfer, Peter Brown, Gregory Chervenak, James Doriese, Randy Eckart, Megan Irwin, Kent Kelley, Richard Kilbourne, Caroline Leutenegger, Maurice Porter, F. Scott Reintsema, Carl Smith, Stephen Ullon, Joel BE Takahashi, T DenHerder, JWA Bautz, M TI The transition-edge EBIT microcalorimeter spectrometer SO SPACE TELESCOPES AND INSTRUMENTATION 2014: ULTRAVIOLET TO GAMMA RAY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Space Telescopes and Instrumentation - Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray CY JUN 22-26, 2014 CL Montreal, CANADA SP SPIE DE Microcalorimeter; Transition-Edge Sensor; Laboratory Astrophysics ID X-RAY-EMISSION; BEAM ION-TRAP; CHARGE-EXCHANGE; CROSS-SECTIONS; SINGLE AB The Transition-edge EBIT Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (TEMS) is a 1000-pixel array instrument to be delivered to the Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 2015. It will be the first fully operational array of its kind. The TEMS will utilize the unique capabilities of the EBIT to verify and benchmark atomic theory that is critical for the analysis of high-resolution data from microcalorimeter spectrometers aboard the next generation of x-ray observatories. We present spectra from the present instrumentation at EBIT, as well as our latest results with time-division multiplexing using the current iteration of the TEMS focal plane assembly in our test platform at NASA/GSFC. C1 [Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele L.; Adams, Joseph; Bandler, Simon; Chervenak, James; Eckart, Megan; Kelley, Richard; Kilbourne, Caroline; Leutenegger, Maurice; Porter, F. Scott; Smith, Stephen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Betancourt-Martinez, Gabriele L.; Bandler, Simon] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Adams, Joseph; Leutenegger, Maurice; Smith, Stephen] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Catonsville, MD USA. [Beiersdorfer, Peter; Brown, Gregory] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Doriese, Randy; Reintsema, Carl; Ullon, Joel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Irwin, Kent] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Betancourt-Martinez, GL (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM gabriele@astro.umd.edu RI Smith, Stephen/B-1256-2008 OI Smith, Stephen/0000-0003-4096-4675 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-9612-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2014 VL 9144 AR 91443U DI 10.1117/12.2055568 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BC6WN UT WOS:000354529100115 ER PT S AU Sahoo, A Souryal, M AF Sahoo, Anirudha Souryal, Michael GP IEEE TI Dynamic Spectrum Access: Current State of the Art and Future Challenges SO 2014 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTING, NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATIONS (ICNC) SE International Conference on Computer Networking and Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC) CY FEB 03-06, 2014 CL Honolulu, HI ID COGNITIVE RADIO NETWORKS; MAC; UNDERLAY AB Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) is emerging as a promising technology to mitigate the spectrum scarcity caused by static frequency allocations. Despite the clear need for more efficient allocation, however, DSA faces a number of challenges, chief among them being the perceived risk of interference to incumbent systems. In this paper, we present an overview of DSA technology, including the current state of research and applications. We then recommend areas of focus that would address the challenges. They include the need for quality-ofservice (QoS) guarantees, associated metrics, and prototype implementations that demonstrate and validate the predicted benefits. C1 [Sahoo, Anirudha; Souryal, Michael] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sahoo, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anirudha.sahoo@nist.gov; souryal@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2325-2626 BN 978-1-4799-2358-8 J9 INT CONF COMPUT NETW PY 2014 BP 226 EP 230 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BC6HZ UT WOS:000353942500043 ER PT S AU Allen, RA Vartanian, VH Read, D Baylies, WA AF Allen, Richard A. Vartanian, Victor H. Read, David Baylies, Winthrop A. BE Obeng, Y Hiramoto, T Hoff, A Hesketh, P Srinivasan, P TI Metrology for 3D Integration SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FUNCTIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS 2 (MORE-THAN-MOORE 2) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Functional Diversification of Semiconductor Electronics (More-Than-Moore) held during the 225th meeting of The-Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 11-15, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Dielectr Sci & Technol, Elect & Photon, Sensor, New Technol Subcommittee, Electrochem Soc AB Three-dimensional stacked integrated circuit (3DS-IC) fabrication requires complex technologies such as high-aspect ratio through-silicon vias (TSVs), wafer thinning, thin wafer handling and processing, and bonding of thin wafers with complex patterned surfaces. Each of these new fabrication steps is associated with metrology challenges. The SEMI 3DS-IC Committee is developing a set of guides to assist the 3DS-IC community in addressing these challenges by identifying metrology solutions. In this paper we provide an overview of the metrology needs for 3DS-IC, identify metrology solutions, and provide examples from SEMI standards describing methods for characterizing the quality and strength of bonds between wafers. C1 [Allen, Richard A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vartanian, Victor H.] SEMATECH, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Read, David] Baytech Grp, Lincoln, MA 01773 USA. RP Allen, RA (reprint author), NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-521-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 105 EP 112 DI 10.1149/06106.0105ecst PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BC6GE UT WOS:000353907400013 ER PT S AU You, L Okoro, CA Ahn, JJ Kopanski, J Obeng, YS AF You, Lin Okoro, Chukwudi A. Ahn, Jung-Joon Kopanski, Joseph Obeng, Yaw S. BE Obeng, Y Hiramoto, T Hoff, A Hesketh, P Srinivasan, P TI Microwave-Based Metrology Platform Development: Application of Broad-Band RF Metrology to Integrated Circuit Reliability Analyses SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FUNCTIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS 2 (MORE-THAN-MOORE 2) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Functional Diversification of Semiconductor Electronics (More-Than-Moore) held during the 225th meeting of The-Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 11-15, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Dielectr Sci & Technol, Elect & Photon, Sensor, New Technol Subcommittee, Electrochem Soc AB In this paper we describe the development of a suite of techniques, based on the application of high frequency electromagnetic waves (RF), to probe material and structural changes in integrated circuits under various external perturbations. We discuss how RF insertion loss (S21) based-techniques have been used to study the impact of thermal cycling on the thermo-mechanical reliability of Cu TSV-based interconnects in 3D-ICs. In addition, we demonstrate, with preliminary data, how Scanning Microwave Spectroscopy (based around RF reflectance (S11)) can be used to detect buried artifacts and characterize metallic contacts. C1 [You, Lin; Okoro, Chukwudi A.; Ahn, Jung-Joon; Kopanski, Joseph; Obeng, Yaw S.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP You, L (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-521-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 113 EP 121 DI 10.1149/06106.0113ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BC6GE UT WOS:000353907400014 ER PT S AU Cassard, J Geist, J Kramar, J AF Cassard, J. Geist, J. Kramar, J. BE Obeng, Y Hiramoto, T Hoff, A Hesketh, P Srinivasan, P TI Reference Materials 8096 and 8097 The Microelectromechanical Systems 5-in-1 Reference Materials: Homogeneous and Stable SO INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FUNCTIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRONICS 2 (MORE-THAN-MOORE 2) SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Functional Diversification of Semiconductor Electronics (More-Than-Moore) held during the 225th meeting of The-Electrochemical-Society CY MAY 11-15, 2014 CL Orlando, FL SP Dielectr Sci & Technol, Elect & Photon, Sensor, New Technol Subcommittee, Electrochem Soc AB The NIST Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) (2) 5-in-1 Reference Materials (RMs) were developed to assist users in validating their use of five documentary standard test methods. A Reference Material can be defined as a material whose property values are sufficiently homogeneous, stable, and well established such that the values can be used in the assessment of a measurement method. This paper presents the data that are used to characterize the RMs as homogeneous and stable. C1 [Cassard, J.; Geist, J.; Kramar, J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cassard, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-521-0 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2014 VL 61 IS 6 BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1149/06106.0123ecst PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Engineering; Physics GA BC6GE UT WOS:000353907400015 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA White, GS Herzberger, J AF Johnson, Ward L. Kim, Sudook A. White, Grady S. Herzberger, Jaemi GP IEEE TI Nonlinear resonant acoustic detection of cracks in multilayer ceramic capacitors SO 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL ULTRASONICS SYMPOSIUM (IUS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS) CY SEP 03-06, 2014 CL Chicago, IL SP IEEE ID QUALITY INSPECTION TOOL AB Measurements of resonant ultrasonic frequencies of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) were performed as a function of excitation amplitude to assess the potential of nonlinear acoustic methods for sensing the presence of cracks. The ultimate objective of this work is to establish an approach for nondestructively screening MLCCs for susceptibility to failure that arises from the evolution of structural flaws into electrical pathways during service. Direct ferroelectric tone-burst transduction and time-domain signal analysis were used to measure the frequency of an extensional mode near 1 MHz in BaTiO3-based MLCCs with interleaved Ag electrodes. The capacitors were subjected to thermal stress by quenching from 189 degrees C into ice water, which led to generation of visible surface-breaking cracks in a fraction of the MLCCs. The amplitude dependence of the resonant frequencies was found to be strongly correlated with the presence of visible cracks. C1 [Johnson, Ward L.; Kim, Sudook A.; White, Grady S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Herzberger, Jaemi] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway St,MS 647, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-7049-0 PY 2014 BP 248 EP 251 DI 10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0062 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA BC4NN UT WOS:000352792500063 ER PT B AU Lo, NCH Fissel, BE AF Lo, Nancy C. H. Fissel, Benjamin E. BE Ganias, K TI Stock Assessment Through Egg Production Methods in the US SO Biology and Ecology of Sardines and Anchovies LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; PACIFIC SARDINE; NORTHERN ANCHOVY; ENGRAULIS-MORDAX; SPAWNING BIOMASS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ABUNDANCE; MODELS; LARVAE; POPULATION C1 [Lo, Nancy C. H.] Ocean Associates Inc, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Fissel, Benjamin E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div,Econ & S, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lo, NCH (reprint author), Ocean Associates Inc, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr SWFSC, 8901 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Nancy.Lo@noaa.gov; Ben.Fissel@noaa.gov NR 99 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4822-2856-4; 978-1-4822-2854-0 PY 2014 BP 308 EP 334 D2 10.1201/b16682 PG 27 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA BC5LM UT WOS:000353359300010 ER PT J AU Jargon, JA Williams, DF Hale, PD Janezic, MD AF Jargon, Jeffrey A. Williams, Dylan F. Hale, Paul D. Janezic, Michael D. GP IEEE TI Characterizing a Noninsertable Directional Device Using the NIST Uncertainty Framework SO 2014 83RD ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT CONFERENCE (ARFTG): MICROWAVE MEASUREMENTS FOR EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 83rd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference (ARFTG) - Microwave Measurements for Emerging Technologies CY JUN 06, 2014 CL Tampa, FL SP IEEE, MTT S, ARFTG DE Characterize; coaxial; directional; noninsertable; rectangular waveguide; uncertainty; vector network analyzer ID CALIBRATION AB We characterize and provide uncertainties for a noninsertable, directional device over a frequency range of 90 to 100 GHz using the NIST Microwave Uncertainty Framework in conjunction with a commercial vector network analyzer. Our device consists of a chain of components, including a coaxial-towaveguide adapter, a waveguide band-pass filter, a waveguide low-noise amplifier, a waveguide isolator, and a waveguide taper. With the aforementioned directional components, the wellknown adapter removal technique is not adequate on its own for characterizing our device. In this paper, we describe and implement our method, and propagate the uncertainties from the two required calibrations to the characterized device. C1 [Jargon, Jeffrey A.; Williams, Dylan F.; Hale, Paul D.; Janezic, Michael D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jargon, JA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jeffrey.jargon@nist.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4799-4423-1 PY 2014 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BC4NM UT WOS:000352790100009 ER EF