FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Churnside, JH AF Churnside, James H. TI Review of profiling oceanographic lidar SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Review DE oceanography; lidar; ocean optics; remote sensing; polarization; fisheries; plankton; internal waves ID VOLUME SCATTERING FUNCTION; THIN PHYTOPLANKTON LAYERS; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION LIDAR; SUBSURFACE OCEANIC LAYER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; AIRBORNE LIDAR; BRILLOUIN-SCATTERING; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; FISH SCHOOLS; RAMAN LIDAR AB This paper provides a review of the development of profiling oceanographic lidars. These can provide quantitative profiles of the optical properties of the water column to depths of 20 to 30 m in productive coastal waters and to depths of 100 m for a blue lidar in the open ocean. The properties that can be measured include beam attenuation, diffuse attenuation, absorption, volume scattering at the scattering angle of 180 deg, and total backscattering. Lidar can be used to infer the relative vertical distributions of fish, plankton, bubbles, and other scattering particles. Using scattering as a tracer, lidar can provide information on the dynamics of the upper ocean, including mixed-layer depth, internal waves, and turbulence. Information in the polarization of the lidar return has been critical to the success of many of these investigations. Future progress in the field is likely through a better understanding of the variability of the lidar ratio and the application of high-spectral-resolution lidar to the ocean. Somewhat farther into the future, capabilities are likely to include lidar profiling of temperature in the ocean and an oceanographic lidar in space. (C) The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 151 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 7 U2 66 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD MAY PY 2014 VL 53 IS 5 AR 051405 DI 10.1117/1.OE.53.5.051405 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 287VU UT WOS:000329571200004 ER PT J AU Lottig, NR Wagner, T Henry, EN Cheruvelil, KS Webster, KE Downing, JA Stow, CA AF Lottig, Noah R. Wagner, Tyler Henry, Emily Norton Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence Webster, Katherine E. Downing, John A. Stow, Craig A. TI Long-Term Citizen-Collected Data Reveal Geographical Patterns and Temporal Trends in Lake Water Clarity SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MACROSYSTEMS; RESPONSES AB We compiled a lake-water clarity database using publically available, citizen volunteer observations made between 1938 and 2012 across eight states in the Upper Midwest, USA. Our objectives were to determine (1) whether temporal trends in lake-water clarity existed across this large geographic area and (2) whether trends were related to the lake-specific characteristics of latitude, lake size, or time period the lake was monitored. Our database consisted of >140,000 individual Secchi observations from 3,251 lakes that we summarized per lake-year, resulting in 21,020 summer averages. Using Bayesian hierarchical modeling, we found approximately a 1% per year increase in water clarity (quantified as Secchi depth) for the entire population of lakes. On an individual lake basis, 7% of lakes showed increased water clarity and 4% showed decreased clarity. Trend direction and strength were related to latitude and median sample date. Lakes in the southern part of our study-region had lower average annual summer water clarity, more negative long-term trends, and greater inter-annual variability in water clarity compared to northern lakes. Increasing trends were strongest for lakes with median sample dates earlier in the period of record (1938-2012). Our ability to identify specific mechanisms for these trends is currently hampered by the lack of a large, multi-thematic database of variables that drive water clarity (e. g., climate, land use/cover). Our results demonstrate, however, that citizen science can provide the critical monitoring data needed to address environmental questions at large spatial and long temporal scales. Collaborations among citizens, research scientists, and government agencies may be important for developing the data sources and analytical tools necessary to move toward an understanding of the factors influencing macro-scale patterns such as those shown here for lake water clarity. C1 [Lottig, Noah R.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol Trout Lake Stn, Boulder Jct, WI 54512 USA. [Wagner, Tyler] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Henry, Emily Norton; Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Henry, Emily Norton] Oregon State Univ, Dept Outreach & Engagement, Tillamook, OR USA. [Cheruvelil, Kendra Spence] Michigan State Univ, Lyman Briggs Coll, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Webster, Katherine E.] Univ Dublin Trinity Coll, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin 2, Ireland. [Downing, John A.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Ames, IA USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lottig, NR (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin Madison, Ctr Limnol Trout Lake Stn, Boulder Jct, WI 54512 USA. EM nrlottig@wisc.edu OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855; Webster, Katherine/0000-0002-6009-0146 FU National Science Foundation [MSB-1065786, EF-1065818, EF-1065649]; NTL-LTER [DEB-0822700]; STRIVE from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland [2011-W-FS-7] FX Funding for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (MSB-1065786, EF-1065818, EF-1065649) and NTL-LTER (DEB-0822700). K. E. W. also thanks STRIVE grant 2011-W-FS-7 from the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland for support. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 34 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e95769 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0095769 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AL1WP UT WOS:000338917300018 PM 24788722 ER PT J AU Bricker, S Lauenstein, G Maruya, K AF Bricker, Suzanne Lauenstein, Gunnar Maruya, Keith TI NOAA's Mussel Watch Program: Incorporating contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) into a long-term monitoring program SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID CALIFORNIA COAST; MYTILUS SPP.; LAND-USE; TRENDS C1 [Bricker, Suzanne; Lauenstein, Gunnar] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Maruya, Keith] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA USA. RP Bricker, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov; gglauenstein@gmail.com; keithm@sccwrp.org NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 289 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.040 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900001 PM 23871202 ER PT J AU Melwani, AR Gregorio, D Jin, Y Stephenson, M Ichikawa, G Siegel, E Crane, D Lauenstein, G Davis, JA AF Melwani, Aroon R. Gregorio, Dominic Jin, Yujie Stephenson, Mark Ichikawa, Gary Siegel, Emily Crane, Dave Lauenstein, Gunnar Davis, Jay A. TI Mussel watch update: Long-term trends in selected contaminants from coastal California, 1977-2010 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Bivalves; Mussels; Trends; Bioaccumulation; Contaminants; California ID SAN-FRANCISCO BAY; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; BIOACCUMULATION; ESTUARY; HARBOR; FISH; BIVALVES; OYSTERS; PROGRAM AB This study examined trends in contaminants measured during three decades of "Mussel Watch" monitoring on the California coast. Chlorinated organic contaminants and butyltins declined the most rapidly, with tissue concentrations in 2010 that were up to 75% lower than during the 1980s. Silver and lead declined at about half of the stations statewide, but generally exhibited slower rates of decline relative to the organic compounds. In contrast, copper increased at many stations, and PAHs showed little evidence for declines. Mussels from San Francisco Bay and the Southern California Bight were historically the most contaminated and have had the steepest declines. Overall, these data show that the "Mussel Watch" approach to monitoring contaminants in California has provided some of the best evidence of the effectiveness of actions to improve water quality over the past 30 years. These datasets also highlight challenges that remain in managing PAHs and copper. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Melwani, Aroon R.; Davis, Jay A.] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Gregorio, Dominic; Jin, Yujie; Siegel, Emily] State Water Resources Control Board, Div Water Qual, Sacramento, CA 95812 USA. [Stephenson, Mark; Ichikawa, Gary] Marine Pollut Studies Lab, Dept Fish & Game, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Crane, Dave] Water Pollut Control Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Melwani, AR (reprint author), Macquarie Univ, Dept Biol Sci, N Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia. EM aroon.melwani@mq.edu.au OI Melwani, Aroon/0000-0002-7939-2996 FU Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program; SWRCB; San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI); Commonwealth of Australia International Postgraduate Research Scholarship; SFEI [677] FX The data used in this study were graciously provided by State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in the San Francisco Estuary. This study was funded by the Surface Water Ambient Monitoring Program, the SWRCB, and the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI), with additional support by a Commonwealth of Australia International Postgraduate Research Scholarship to AM. We thank Rachel Allen, Shira Bezalel, Jennifer Hunt, and Marcus Klatt (all SFEI) and Papantzin Cid (SWRCB) for their assistance with data management and graphics on this project. Thanks to Chris Beegan (SWRCB), Linda Candelaria (Santa Ana RWQCB), Keith Maruya (SCCWRP), and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments on earlier drafts of this manuscript. This is SFEI Contribution # 677. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 291 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.025 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900002 PM 23711838 ER PT J AU Sericano, JL Wade, TL Sweet, ST Ramirez, J Lauenstein, GG AF Sericano, Jose L. Wade, Terry L. Sweet, Stephen T. Ramirez, Juan Lauenstein, Gunnar G. TI Temporal trends and spatial distribution of DDT in bivalves from the coastal marine environments of the continental United States, 1986-2009 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE DDTs; "Mussel Watch"; Bivalves; Coastal environments; Continental USA ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; MUSSEL WATCH APPROACH; PALOS-VERDES SHELF; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; HEAVY-METALS; USA; SEDIMENTS; OYSTERS AB Analysis of DDT isomers and breakdown products, DDD and DDE, in over 3500 bivalve samples collected from more than 300 locations along the continental United States indicates that concentrations are decreasing. Overall average concentrations for the East (45.8 +/- 24.6 ng/g dw), Gulf (42.4 +/- 21.1 ng/g dw), and West (90.9 +/- 43.3 ng/g dw) coasts are declining with an environmental half-life between 10 and 14 years and are predicted to decrease below 10% of today's concentrations by 2050. Geographically, areas with high and low levels are well identified. Bivalves yielding the highest concentrations were collected in areas linked to areas of DDT production or heavy usage. These areas are clustered in the southern California and San Francisco area, on the West coast; Delaware and Hudson/Raritan Estuary, on the East coast; and in Alabama and northwestern Florida, on the Gulf of Mexico. Statistically significant decreasing trends in Sigma DDT concentrations are apparent at most of these locations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sericano, Jose L.; Wade, Terry L.; Sweet, Stephen T.] Texas A&M Univ, GERG, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Ramirez, Juan] TDI Brooks Int Inc, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, N SCI1, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sericano, JL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, GERG, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM jlsericano@geos.tamu.edu NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 303 EP 316 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.049 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900003 PM 24655944 ER PT J AU Wade, TL Sweet, ST Sericano, JL DeFreitas, DA Lauenstein, GG AF Wade, Terry L. Sweet, Stephen T. Sericano, Jose L. DeFreitas, Debra A. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. TI Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans detected in bivalve samples from the NOAA National Status and Trends Program SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Dioxin; Furan; TEQ; Mussel; Oyster; Coastal United States ID HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION; ADJACENT MARINE WATERS; ST-LOUIS BAY; MUSSEL WATCH; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; SEDIMENTS; OYSTERS; MISSISSIPPI; SHELLFISH AB Bivalve samples from 142 sites were analyzed to determine the concentration and toxicity equivalents (TEQ) of dioxins and furans (D/F) as part of the NOAA National Status and Trends Program. The total concentration of 17 D/F ranged from not detected to 203 pg/g wet weight of tissue. Octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, OCDD, had a concentration range from not detected to 189 pg/g and a mean concentration of 8.65 pg/g. OCDD was the dominant DIP compound detected and accounted for, on average, over 70% of the total D/F concentration. The TEQ (compared to 2,3,7,8-TCDD) ranged from 0.12 to 7.32 pg TEQ/g. The TEQ for 39% of the bivalves analyzed were below 0.238 pg TEQ/g. TEQ above human consumption advisory concentration of 1.2 pg TEQ/g were found in 9.3% of the samples analyzed. TEQ for D/F indicate very limited human health concerns from consumption of bivalves at most of the locations sampled. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Wade, Terry L.; Sweet, Stephen T.; Sericano, Jose L.; DeFreitas, Debra A.] Texas A&M Univ, Coll Geosci, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Natl Ocean Serv, Cut Bank, MT 59427 USA. RP Wade, TL (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Coll Geosci, Geochem & Environm Res Grp, 833 Graham Rd, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. EM terry@gerg.tamu.edu; gglauenstein@gmail.com FU National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science through GERG's Contracts from the NOAA NST program FX We wish to thank the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science for providing partial funding through GERG's Contracts from the NOAA NS&T program. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 317 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.09.002 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900004 PM 24095200 ER PT J AU Edwards, M Jacob, AP Kimbrough, KL Davenport, E Johnson, WE AF Edwards, M. Jacob, A. P. Kimbrough, K. L. Davenport, E. Johnson, W. E. TI Assessment of trace elements and legacy contaminant concentrations in California Mussels (Mytilus spp.): Relationship to land use and outfalls SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Mussel Watch; Mytilus; Legacy contaminants; Trace elements; California; Coastal ecosystems ID SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS; UNITED-STATES; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS; WATCH PROGRAMS; URBAN SOILS; SEDIMENTS; METAL AB NOAA's Mussel Watch Program funded a regional pilot project in California that characterized contaminants associated with various land uses in conjunction with state, federal and private partners. Herein we assess the magnitude and distribution of trace elements and persistent organic contaminants in indigenous mussels with respect to land use, presence of outfalls and a subset of California Areas of Special Biological Significance (ASBS). We detected significant differences among the land use categories for the majority of trace elements and legacy contaminants measured. There was no significant difference between sites with and without outfalls. PCBs and PAHs were significantly lower in sites within ASBS boundary compared to other sites. The findings of this study will help fine tune future regional and national assessments as well as guide development of resource management and remediation activities and programs. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Edwards, M.; Kimbrough, K. L.; Davenport, E.; Johnson, W. E.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jacob, A. P.] Consolidated Safety Serv, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Jacob, AP (reprint author), Consolidated Safety Serv, 10301 Democracy Lane,Suite 300, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM Annie.Jacob@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 325 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.030 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900005 PM 24655943 ER PT J AU Maruya, KA Dodder, NG Schaffner, RA Weisberg, SB Gregorio, D Klosterhaus, S Alvarez, DA Furlong, ET Kimbrough, KL Lauenstein, GG Christensen, JD AF Maruya, Keith A. Dodder, Nathan G. Schaffner, Rebecca A. Weisberg, Stephen B. Gregorio, Dominic Klosterhaus, Susan Alvarez, David A. Furlong, Edward T. Kimbrough, Kimani L. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. Christensen, John D. TI Refocusing Mussel Watch on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs): The California pilot study (2009-10) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Mussel Watch; Mytilus; Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); Passive sampling devices; California; Coastal ecosystems ID ENVIRONMENT; WATER AB To expand the utility of the Mussel Watch Program, local, regional and state agencies in California partnered with NOAA to design a pilot study that targeted contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Native mussels (Mytilus spp.) from 68 stations, stratified by land use and discharge scenario, were collected in 2009-10 and analyzed for 167 individual pharmaceuticals, industrial and commercial chemicals and current use pesticides. Passive sampling devices (PSDs) and caged Mytilus were co-deployed to expand the list of CECs, and to assess the ability of PSDs to mimic bioaccumulation by Mytilus. A performance-based quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) approach was developed to ensure a high degree of data quality, consistency and comparability. Data management and analysis were streamlined and standardized using automated software tools. This pioneering study will help shape future monitoring efforts in California's coastal ecosystems, while serving as a model for monitoring CECs within the region and across the nation. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maruya, Keith A.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Schaffner, Rebecca A.; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Gregorio, Dominic] Calif State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Klosterhaus, Susan] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Kimbrough, Kimani L.; Lauenstein, Gunnar G.; Christensen, John D.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Maruya, KA (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, 3535 Harbor Blvd Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM keithm@sccwrp.org; gglauenstein@gmail.com RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU NOAA [MOA-2006-054/7001]; SWRCB Ocean Unit; SCCWRP member agencies and the SFEI Regional Monitoring Program FX This study was supported by NOAA MOA-2006-054/7001, and by in-kind contributions from the SWRCB Ocean Unit, SCCWRP member agencies and the SFEI Regional Monitoring Program. The authors wish to thank P. Salop, R. Evans; M. Edwards, A. Jacob, E. Johnson, L Nachbar, T. Collier, R. Callender and G. Matlock (NOAA); T. Grayson and L Huff (USEPA); J. Kucklick (NIST), C. Beegan and E. Siegel (SWRCB); M. Sedlak, J. Davis and R. Hoenicke (SFEI); J. Ramirez and A. Fryer (TDI-Brooks Inc.); R. Grace, C. Navaroli (AXYS Analytical Inc.), and D. Diehl, D. Tsukada and S. Bay (SCCWRP) for their contributions. We also thank the following members of MARINe: R. Ambrose, J. Engle, C. Gramlich, S. Murray, P. Raimondi, D. Richards and J. Smith, as well as the four anonymous reviewers of the initial manuscript submission. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 29 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 334 EP 339 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.027 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900006 PM 23886247 ER PT J AU Dodder, NG Maruya, KA Ferguson, PL Grace, R Kiosterhaus, S La Guardia, MJ Lauenstein, GG Ramirez, J AF Dodder, Nathan G. Maruya, Keith A. Ferguson, P. Lee Grace, Richard Kiosterhaus, Susan La Guardia, Mark J. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. Ramirez, Juan TI Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern in mussels (Mytilus spp.) along the California coast and the influence of land use, storm water discharge, and treated wastewater effluent SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Contaminants of emerging concern; Mussel; California; Marine environment ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; UNITED-STATES; PERFLUORINATED COMPOUNDS; USE PESTICIDES; SEDIMENTS; BIOACCUMULATION; BIVALVES; ACCUMULATION; NONYLPHENOL AB Contaminants of emerging concern were measured in mussels collected along the California coast in 2009-2010. The seven classes were alkylphenols, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), other flame retardants, current use pesticides, perfluorinated compounds (PFC), and single walled carbon nanotubes. At least one contaminant was detected at 67 of the 68 stations (98%), and 67 of the 167 analytes had at least one detect (40%). Alkylphenol, PBDE, and PFC concentrations increased with urbanization and proximity to storm water discharge; pesticides had higher concentrations at agricultural stations. These results suggest that certain compounds; for example, alkyiphenols, lomefloxacin and PBDE, are appropriate for inclusion in future coastal bivalve monitoring efforts based on maximum concentrations >50 ng/g dry weight and detection frequencies >50%. Other compounds, for example PFC and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), may also be suggested for inclusion due to their >25% detection frequency and potential for biomagnification. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dodder, Nathan G.; Maruya, Keith A.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Ferguson, P. Lee] Duke Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Grace, Richard] AXYS Analyt Serv, Sidney, BC V8L 5X2, Canada. [Kiosterhaus, Susan] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [La Guardia, Mark J.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ramirez, Juan] TDI BI, B&B Labs, College Stn, TX 77845 USA. RP Dodder, NG (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM nathand@sccwrp.org; gglauenstein@gmail.com RI Ferguson, Lee/A-5501-2013; Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 FU NOAA [MOA-2006-054/7001] FX We thank Becky Schaffner for assistance with the land use analysis and Kurunthachalam Kannan for the PFC analysis. This project was a general collaborative agreement with NOAA, code MOA-2006-054/7001. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 6 U2 77 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 340 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.041 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900007 PM 23849955 ER PT J AU Maruya, KA Dodder, NG Weisberg, SB Gregorio, D Bishop, JS Klosterhaus, S Alvarez, DA Furlong, ET Bricker, S Kimbrough, KL Lauenstein, GG AF Maruya, Keith A. Dodder, Nathan G. Weisberg, Stephen B. Gregorio, Dominic Bishop, Jonathan S. Klosterhaus, Susan Alvarez, David A. Furlong, Edward T. Bricker, Suzanne Kimbrough, Kimani L. Lauenstein, Gunnar G. TI The Mussel Watch California pilot study on contaminants of emerging concern (CECs): Synthesis and next steps SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Mussel Watch; Mytilus; Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs); Passive sampling devices; California; Coastal ecosystems ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; FLAME RETARDANTS; WATER; SEDIMENTS; WILDLIFE; ESTUARY; BIGHT AB A multiagency pilot study on mussels (Mytilus spp.) collected at 68 stations in California revealed that 98% of targeted contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) were infrequently detectable at concentrations <= 1 ng/g. Selected chemicals found in commercial and consumer products were more frequently detected at mean concentrations up to 470 ng/g dry wt. The number of CECs detected and their concentrations were greatest for stations categorized as urban or influenced by storm water discharge. Exposure to a broader suite of CECs was also characterized by passive sampling devices (PSDs), with estimated water concentrations of hydrophobic compounds correlated with Mytilus concentrations. The results underscore the need for focused CEC monitoring in coastal ecosystems and suggest that PSDs are complementary to bivalves in assessing water quality. Moreover, the partnership established among participating agencies led to increased spatial coverage, an expanded list of analytes and a more efficient use of available resources. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Maruya, Keith A.; Dodder, Nathan G.; Weisberg, Stephen B.] Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. [Bishop, Jonathan S.] Calif State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. [Klosterhaus, Susan] San Francisco Estuary Inst, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. [Alvarez, David A.] US Geol Survey, Columbia, MO 65201 USA. [Furlong, Edward T.] US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Bricker, Suzanne; Kimbrough, Kimani L.; Lauenstein, Gunnar G.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Maruya, KA (reprint author), Southern Calif Coastal Water Res Project Author, 3535 Harbor Blvd Suite 110, Costa Mesa, CA 92626 USA. EM keithm@sccwrp.org; gglauenstein@gmail.com RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015; Weisberg, Stephen/B-2477-2008 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767; Weisberg, Stephen/0000-0002-0655-9425 FU NOAA [MOA-2006-054/7001]; SWRCB; member agencies of the SCCWRP and the SFEI Regional Monitoring Program FX This study was supported by NOAA MOA-2006-054/7001, and by in-kind contributions from the SWRCB, the member agencies of the SCCWRP and the SFEI Regional Monitoring Program. The authors thank M. Edwards, A. Jacob, E. Johnson, G. Piniak, J. Christensen and R. Callender of NOAA, C. Beegan and E. Siegel of the SWRCB, M. Sedlak, J. Davis and R. Hoenicke of SFEI, B. Schaffner of SCCWRP, as well as two anonymous reviewers of the original manuscript. NR 24 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 2 SI SI BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.04.023 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AI2SH UT WOS:000336707900009 PM 23731723 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Shen, Y Birgeneau, RJ Gao, M Lu, ZY Lee, DH Lu, XZ Xiang, HJ Abernathy, DL Zhao, Y AF Zhao, Jun Shen, Yao Birgeneau, R. J. Gao, Miao Lu, Zhong-Yi Lee, D. -H. Lu, X. Z. Xiang, H. J. Abernathy, D. L. Zhao, Y. TI Neutron Scattering Measurements of Spatially Anisotropic Magnetic Exchange Interactions in Semiconducting K0.85Fe1.54Se2 (T-N=280 K) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; WAVES; FILMS AB We use neutron scattering to study the spin excitations associated with the stripe antiferromagnetic order in semiconducting K0.85Fe1.54Se2 (T-N = 280 K). We show that the spin-wave spectra can be accurately described by an effective Heisenberg Hamiltonian with highly anisotropic inplane couplings at T = 5 K. At high temperature (T = 300 K) above TN, short-range magnetic correlation with anisotropic correlation lengths are observed. Our results suggest that, despite the dramatic difference in the Fermi surface topology, the inplane anisotropic magnetic couplings are a fundamental property of the iron-based compounds; this implies that their antiferromagnetism may originate from local strong correlation effects rather than weak coupling Fermi surface nesting. C1 [Zhao, Jun; Shen, Yao; Lu, X. Z.; Xiang, H. J.] Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Jun; Shen, Yao; Lu, X. Z.; Xiang, H. J.] Fudan Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. [Birgeneau, R. J.; Lee, D. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Birgeneau, R. J.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Gao, Miao; Lu, Zhong-Yi] Renmin Univ China, Dept Phys, Beijing 100872, Peoples R China. [Lee, D. -H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Zhao, Y.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zhao, J (reprint author), Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Surface Phys, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. EM zhaoj@fudan.edu.cn RI Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Xiang, Hongjun/I-4305-2016 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Xiang, Hongjun/0000-0002-9396-3214 FU Fudan University; NSFC [11374059, 11190024, 91121008]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231, DE-AC03-76SF008]; Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX We thank D.X. Yao for helpful discussions. J.Z. and Y.S acknowledge the start-up support from Fudan University and NSFC (Grant No. 11374059). The research at UC Berkeley is supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contracts No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, No. DE-AC03-76SF008, and No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. M. G. and Z.-Y. L. are supported by NSFC (Grants No. 11190024 and No. 91121008). The research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source is sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 39 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 17 AR 177002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.177002 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AH0NM UT WOS:000335816700020 PM 24836268 ER PT J AU Li, B Wen, HM Wang, HL Wu, H Tyagi, M Yildirim, T Zhou, W Chen, BL AF Li, Bin Wen, Hui-Min Wang, Hailong Wu, Hui Tyagi, Madhusudan Yildirim, Taner Zhou, Wei Chen, Banglin TI A Porous Metal-Organic Framework with Dynamic Pyrimidine Groups Exhibiting Record High Methane Storage Working Capacity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; SMALL MOLECULES; CO2 ADSORPTION; SITES; GAS; HYDROCARBONS; SEPARATION; HYDROGEN; MOFS AB We have realized a new porous metal-organic framework UTSA-76a with pyrimidine groups on the linker, exhibiting high volumetric methane uptake of similar to 260 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) at 298 K and 65 bar, and record high working capacity of similar to 200 cm(3) (STP) cm(-3) (between 5 and 65 bar). Such exceptionally high working capacity is attributed to the central "dynamic" pyrimidine groups within UTSA-76a, which are capable of adjusting their orientations to optimize the methane packing at high pressure, as revealed by computational studies and neutron scattering experiments. C1 [Li, Bin; Wen, Hui-Min; Wang, Hailong; Chen, Banglin] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Chem, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA. [Wu, Hui; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Yildirim, Taner; Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Hui; Tyagi, Madhusudan; Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu; wzhou@nist.gov; banglin.chen@utsa.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; Chen, Banglin/F-5461-2010; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Li, Bin/J-6124-2015; Wen, Huimin/G-6215-2015 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Chen, Banglin/0000-0001-8707-8115; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Li, Bin/0000-0002-7774-5452; Wen, Huimin/0000-0002-3531-3379 FU Welch Foundation [AX-1730]; DOE BES Grant [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX This work was supported by an Award AX-1730 from Welch Foundation (BC). T.Y. acknowledges partial support from the DOE BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 42 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 21 U2 139 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 30 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 17 BP 6207 EP 6210 DI 10.1021/ja501810r PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AG4DJ UT WOS:000335369200015 PM 24730649 ER PT J AU Caulton, DR Shepson, PB Santoro, RL Sparks, JP Howarth, RW Ingraffea, AR Cambaliza, MOL Sweeney, C Karion, A Davis, KJ Stirm, BH Montzka, SA Miller, BR AF Caulton, Dana R. Shepson, Paul B. Santoro, Renee L. Sparks, Jed P. Howarth, Robert W. Ingraffea, Anthony R. Cambaliza, Maria O. L. Sweeney, Colm Karion, Anna Davis, Kenneth J. Stirm, Brian H. Montzka, Stephen A. Miller, Ben R. TI Toward a better understanding and quantification of methane emissions from shale gas development SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE unconventional gas; greenhouse gas; hydraulic fracturing ID NATURAL-GAS; UNITED-STATES; FOOTPRINT AB The identification and quantification of methane emissions from natural gas production has become increasingly important owing to the increase in the natural gas component of the energy sector. An instrumented aircraft platform was used to identify large sources of methane and quantify emission rates in southwestern PA in June 2012. A large regional flux, 2.0-14 g CH4 s(-1) km(-2), was quantified for a similar to 2,800-km(2) area, which did not differ statistically from a bottom-up inventory, 2.3-4.6 g CH4 s(-1) km(-2). Large emissions averaging 34 g CH4/s per well were observed from seven well pads determined to be in the drilling phase, 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than US Environmental Protection Agency estimates for this operational phase. The emissions from these well pads, representing similar to 1% of the total number of wells, account for 4-30% of the observed regional flux. More work is needed to determine all of the sources of methane emissions from natural gas production, to ascertain why these emissions occur and to evaluate their climate and atmospheric chemistry impacts. C1 [Caulton, Dana R.; Shepson, Paul B.; Cambaliza, Maria O. L.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Shepson, Paul B.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Stirm, Brian H.] Purdue Univ, Dept Aviat Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Santoro, Renee L.; Ingraffea, Anthony R.] Phys Scientists & Engineers Hlth Energy, Ithaca, NY 14851 USA. [Sparks, Jed P.; Howarth, Robert W.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ingraffea, Anthony R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sweeney, Colm; Karion, Anna; Montzka, Stephen A.; Miller, Ben R.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sweeney, Colm; Karion, Anna; Miller, Ben R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Davis, Kenneth J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Caulton, DR (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM dcaulton@purdue.edu OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 FU David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future at Cornell University FX We thank Karen Edelstein and Bongghi Hong for their help in compiling the bottom-up inventory and Carolina Siso for flask VOC analysis. The data presented here can be made available by the authors, by contacting pshepson@purdue.edu. Funding was provided by the David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future at Cornell University. NR 41 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 10 U2 130 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 29 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 17 BP 6237 EP 6242 DI 10.1073/pnas.1316546111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AG1TL UT WOS:000335199000042 PM 24733927 ER PT J AU Mejia-Falla, PA Cortes, E Navia, AF Zapata, FA AF Mejia-Falla, Paola A. Cortes, Enric Navia, Andres F. Zapata, Fernando A. TI Age and Growth of the Round Stingray Urotrygon rogersi, a Particularly Fast-Growing and Short-Lived Elasmobranch SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MODELING FISH GROWTH; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF-OF-MEXICO; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORY; CHONDRICHTHYAN FISHES; UROLOPHUS-PAUCIMACULATUS; MULTIMODEL INFERENCE; EASTERN AUSTRALIA; UROBATIS-HALLERI AB We examined the age and growth of Urotrygon rogersi on the Colombian coast of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean by directly estimating age using vertebral centra. We verified annual deposition of growth increments with marginal increment analysis. Eight growth curves were fitted to four data sets defined on the basis of the reproductive cycle (unadjusted or adjusted for age at first band) and size variables (disc width or total length). Model performance was evaluated using Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC), AIC weights and multi-model inference criteria. A two-phase growth function with adjusted age provided the best description of growth for females (based on five parameters, DW infinity = 20.1 cm, k = 0.22 yr(-1)) and males (based on four and five parameters, DW infinity = 15.5 cm, k = 0.65 yr(-1)). Median maturity of female and male U. rogersi is reached very fast (mean +/- SE = 1.0 +/- 0.1 year). This is the first age and growth study for a species of the genus Urotrygon and results indicate that U. rogersi attains a smaller maximum size and has a shorter lifespan and lower median age at maturity than species of closely related genera. These life history traits are in contrast with those typically reported for other elasmobranchs. C1 [Mejia-Falla, Paola A.; Navia, Andres F.] SQUALUS, Fdn Colombiana Invest & Conservac Tiburones & Ray, Cali, Colombia. [Mejia-Falla, Paola A.; Zapata, Fernando A.] Univ Valle, Dept Biol, Grp Invest Ecol Arrecifes Coralinos, Cali 25360, Colombia. [Cortes, Enric] NOAA Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL USA. RP Mejia-Falla, PA (reprint author), SQUALUS, Fdn Colombiana Invest & Conservac Tiburones & Ray, Carrera 60A 11-39, Cali, Colombia. EM pmejia@squalus.org OI Navia, Andres Felipe/0000-0002-6758-7729 FU PADI Foundation; Initiative of Endangered Species (IEA-Scolarships); Colciencias-Universidad del Valle-SQUALUS project [1106-452-21080, RC-258-2008]; Colciencias FX This study was partially supported by the PADI Foundation (www.padifoundation.org), the Initiative of Endangered Species (IEA-Scolarships, http://www.omacha.org/2012-04-12-18-55-26/iniciativa-de-especies-amenaza das) and the Colciencias-Universidad del Valle-SQUALUS project (Code: 1106-452-21080, Contract: RC-258-2008). P.A.M. was funded by a scholarship from Colciencias (www.colciencias.gov.co) for PhD studies. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e96077 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0096077 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AW4HM UT WOS:000346241800027 PM 24776963 ER PT J AU Indelicato, P Mohr, PJ Sapirstein, J AF Indelicato, Paul Mohr, Peter J. Sapirstein, J. TI Coordinate-space approach to vacuum polarization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LAMB SHIFT; MUONIC HYDROGEN; SELF-ENERGY; FIELD; PROTON; ATOMS AB The vacuum-polarization correction for bound electrons or muons is examined. The objective is to formulate a framework for calculating the correction from bound-state quantum electrodynamics entirely in coordinate space, including the Uehling potential, which is usually isolated and treated separately. Pauli-Villars regularization is applied to the coordinate-space calculation and the most singular terms are shown to be eliminated, leaving the physical correction after charge renormalization. The conventional derivation of the Uehling potential in momentum space is reviewed and compared to the coordinate-space derivation. C1 [Indelicato, Paul] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Mohr, Peter J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sapirstein, J.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Indelicato, P (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM paul.indelicato@lkb.ens.fr; mohr@nist.gov; jsapirst@nd.edu RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011 OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 042121 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.042121 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AI9WZ UT WOS:000337297400003 ER PT J AU Wang, YH Anderson, BM Clark, CW AF Wang, Yi-Hsieh Anderson, Brandon M. Clark, Charles W. TI Spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of positronium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MIXING DYNAMICS; ANNIHILATION; GASES; LASER AB Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of positronium (Ps) have been of experimental and theoretical interest due to their potential application as the gain medium of a gamma-ray laser. Ps BECs are intrinsically spinor due to the presence of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) and para-positronium (p-Ps), whose annihilation lifetimes differ by three orders of magnitude. In this paper, we study the spinor dynamics and annihilation processes in the p-Ps/o-Ps system using both solutions of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equations and a semiclassical rate-equation approach. The spinor interactions have an O(4) symmetry which is broken to SO(3) by an internal energy difference between o-Ps and p-Ps. For an initially unpolarized condensate, there is a threshold density of approximate to 10(19) cm(-3) at which spin mixing between o-Ps and p-Ps occurs. Beyond this threshold, there are unstable spatial modes accompanied by spin mixing. To ensure a high production yield above the critical density, a careful choice of external field must be made to avoid the spin mixing instability. C1 [Wang, Yi-Hsieh] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, YH (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI; ARO; Atomtronics MURI; DARPA's OLE Program FX We thank David B. Cassidy for bringing this problem to our attention and for helpful comments and suggestions. We acknowledge financial support from the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 043624 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.043624 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AI9WZ UT WOS:000337297400013 ER PT J AU Disseler, SM AF Disseler, Steven M. TI Direct evidence for the all-in/all-out magnetic structure in the pyrochlore iridates from muon spin relaxation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article AB In the pyrochlore iridates R2Ir2O7 (R = lanthanide, Y) determination of the magnetic structure of the iridium moments remains an outstanding problem despite the role this is expected to play in the formation of novel band structures and topologies in these materials. In this work, an analysis of the experimentally measured spontaneous muon spin precession frequency is presented which incorporates both probabilistic and ab initio modeling techniques to determine the ground state magnetic structure. It is shown that the experimentally observed results are consistent only with a magnetically ordered Ir4+ sublattice with the so-called "all-in/all-out" magnetic structure, and that the electronic state of the Ir4+ is best described by the J(eff) = 1/2 model in several member compounds. Through this approach it is also demonstrated that such a simple structure is not likely to be present on the rare-earth sublattice which contains much larger localized moments. C1 [Disseler, Steven M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Disseler, Steven M.] Boston Coll, Dept Phys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. RP Disseler, SM (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.disseler@nist.gov OI Disseler, Steven/0000-0002-5079-6145 NR 37 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 14 AR 140413 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.140413 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AI9XM UT WOS:000337299900002 ER PT J AU Kondrashov, D Denton, R Shprits, YY Singer, HJ AF Kondrashov, D. Denton, R. Shprits, Y. Y. Singer, H. J. TI Reconstruction of gaps in the past history of solar wind parameters SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE solar wind; reconstruction; gaps; singular spectrum analysis AB The historical (1972-2013) gaps of the solar wind parameters are filled-in by smooth modes of covariability using the continuous geomagnetic indices with Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA). A systematic study using experiments with synthetic gaps has been performed to determine optimal SSA parameters for reconstruction of gaps over full solar cycle and to assess the reconstruction skill. We assessed the accuracy of the SSA gap-filling for solar wind reconstruction in T96 and TS05 empirical magnetic field models by using GOES measurements at geostationary orbit, and compared it to the results based on parameters from existing Qin and Denton interpolation. The SSA gap-filling method does improve accuracy of empirical magnetic field models, especially when gaps are large and in particular for the TS05 magnetic field model. Key Points SSA gap-filling significantly improves accuracy of TS05 model in large gaps SSA provides for most improvement in correlation in large gaps SSA-reconstructed 1972-2013 solar wind data set is included in SI C1 [Kondrashov, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Kondrashov, D.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Denton, R.] Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Shprits, Y. Y.] Skolkovo Inst Sci & Technol, Moscow, Russia. [Shprits, Y. Y.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Shprits, Y. Y.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kondrashov, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dkondras@atmos.ucla.edu RI Kondrashov, Dmitri/E-2067-2016 OI Kondrashov, Dmitri/0000-0002-3471-7275 FU NSF from the National Science Foundation [AGS-1102009]; NSF [AGS-1105790]; NASA [NNX10AQ60G] FX It is a pleasure to thank two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful and stimulating comments. This study was supported by the grant NSF AGS-1102009 from the National Science Foundation. Work at Dartmouth College was supported by NSF grant AGS-1105790 and NASA grant NNX10AQ60G. The OMNI data were obtained from the GSFC/SPDF OMNIWeb interface at http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov. Results of this study and 1972-2013 reconstruction of solar wind and W parameters are available in the supporting information, and will be also made available at the research website of D. Kondrashov (http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/tcd/dkondras/SolarWind.html) and VIRBO in March 2014. The reconstructed solar wind parameters for 1984-1995 have been made available online at ViRBO:http://virbo.org/RBW#2010, ftp://virbo.org/users/kondrashov/SolarWind_WithDate_v2, and http://virbo.org/OMNI/OMNI2#Notes. The basic SSA gap-filling algorithm is available in the SSA-MTM Toolkit http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/tcd/ssa/. NR 12 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 8 BP 2702 EP 2707 DI 10.1002/2014GL059741 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AH0KW UT WOS:000335809800006 ER PT J AU Kolenderski, P Scarcella, C Johnsen, KD Hamel, DR Holloway, C Shalm, LK Tisa, S Tosi, A Resch, KJ Jennewein, T AF Kolenderski, Piotr Scarcella, Carmelo Johnsen, Kelsey D. Hamel, Deny R. Holloway, Catherine Shalm, Lynden K. Tisa, Simone Tosi, Alberto Resch, Kevin J. Jennewein, Thomas TI Time-resolved double-slit interference pattern measurement with entangled photons SO SCIENTIFIC REPORTS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; LIGHT AB The double-slit experiment strikingly demonstrates the wave-particle duality of quantum objects. In this famous experiment, particles pass one-by-one through a pair of slits and are detected on a distant screen. A distinct wave-like pattern emerges after many discrete particle impacts as if each particle is passing through both slits and interfering with itself. Here we present a temporally-and spatially-resolved measurement of the double-slit interference pattern using single photons. We send single photons through a birefringent double-slit apparatus and use a linear array of single-photon detectors to observe the developing interference pattern. The analysis of the buildup allows us to compare quantum mechanics and the corpuscular model, which aims to explain the mystery of single-particle interference. Finally, we send one photon from an entangled pair through our double-slit setup and show the dependence of the resulting interference pattern on the twin photon's measured state. Our results provide new insight into the dynamics of the buildup process in the double-slit experiment, and can be used as a valuable resource in quantum information applications. C1 [Kolenderski, Piotr] Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Scarcella, Carmelo; Tosi, Alberto] Politecn Milan, Dipartimento Elettron Informaz & Bioingn, I-20133 Milan, Italy. [Johnsen, Kelsey D.; Hamel, Deny R.; Holloway, Catherine; Shalm, Lynden K.; Resch, Kevin J.; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Johnsen, Kelsey D.; Hamel, Deny R.; Holloway, Catherine; Shalm, Lynden K.; Resch, Kevin J.; Jennewein, Thomas] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Shalm, Lynden K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tisa, Simone] Micro Photon Device Srl, I-39100 Bolzano, Italy. RP Kolenderski, P (reprint author), Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Fac Phys Astron & Informat, Inst Phys, Grudziadzka 5, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM kolenderski@fizyka.umk.pl RI Kolenderski, Piotr/D-6266-2014; Tosi, Alberto/J-5275-2012; Hamel, Deny/C-7071-2017 OI Kolenderski, Piotr/0000-0003-2478-2417; Tosi, Alberto/0000-0003-1210-2875; Hamel, Deny/0000-0002-4788-7548 FU NSERC; Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (ERA program); CIFAR; Industry Canada; CFI; European Union Seventh Framework Programme [257646]; Mobility Plus project [602/MOB/2011/0]; Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Foundation for Polish Science under Homing Plus program [2013-7/9]; National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland FX The authors acknowledge funding from NSERC, Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation (ERA program), CIFAR, Industry Canada and the CFI. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no. 257646. The authors thank Simone Bellisai and Franco Zappa for their contribution in developing the detectors array and Christopher Granade for insightful discussions. PK acknowledges support by Mobility Plus project no. 602/MOB/2011/0 financed by Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education and by Foundation for Polish Science under Homing Plus no. 2013-7/9 program supported by European Union under PO IG project and by the National Laboratory FAMO in Torun, Poland. NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2045-2322 J9 SCI REP-UK JI Sci Rep PD APR 28 PY 2014 VL 4 AR 4685 DI 10.1038/srep04685 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AF8WZ UT WOS:000334997600001 PM 24770360 ER PT J AU Petrenko, B Ignatov, A Kihai, Y Stroup, J Dash, P AF Petrenko, Boris Ignatov, Alexander Kihai, Yury Stroup, John Dash, Prasanjit TI Evaluation and selection of SST regression algorithms for JPSS VIIRS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE sea surface temperature; algorithm; regression; accuracy; precision; sensitivity ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; OCEANS; TERRA; MODIS; AQUA AB Two global level 2 sea surface temperature (SST) products are generated at NOAA from the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor data records (L1) with two independent processing systems, the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) and the NOAA heritage Advanced Clear-Sky Processor for Oceans (ACSPO). The two systems use different SST retrieval and cloud masking algorithms. Validation against in situ and L4 analyses has shown suboptimal performance of the IDPS product. In this context, existing operational and proposed SST algorithms have been evaluated for their potential implementation in IDPS. This paper documents the evaluation methodology and results. The performance of SST retrievals is characterized with bias and standard deviation with respect to in situ SSTs and sensitivity to true SST. Given three retrieval metrics, all being variable in space and with observational conditions, an additional integral metric is needed to evaluate the overall performance of SST algorithms. Therefore, we introduce the Quality Retrieval Domain (QRD) as a part of the global ocean, where the retrieval characteristics meet predefined specifications. Based on the QRDs analyses for all tested algorithms over a representative range of specifications for accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, we have selected the algorithms developed at the EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSI-SAF) for implementation in IDPS and ACSPO. Testing the OSI-SAF algorithms with ACSPO and IDPS products shows the improved consistency between VIIRS SST and Reynolds L4 daily analysis. Further improvement of the IDPS SST product requires adjustment of the VIIRS cloud and ice masks. Key Points Regression SST algorithms for VIIRS are selected from existing SST algorithms Algorithm metric is defined as area in which SST specifications are met Selected algorithms emphasize angular dependencies of regression coefficients C1 [Petrenko, Boris; Ignatov, Alexander; Kihai, Yury; Stroup, John; Dash, Prasanjit] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Petrenko, Boris; Kihai, Yury] GST Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Stroup, John] STG Inc, Reston, VA USA. [Dash, Prasanjit] CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Petrenko, B (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Satellite & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM boris.petrenko@noaa.gov RI Dash, Prasanjit/F-5582-2010; Ignatov, Alexander/F-5594-2010 OI Ignatov, Alexander/0000-0002-7463-5944 FU JPSS Program Office; GOES-R Program Office FX This work was conducted under the JPSS Data Products and Algorithms Team (DPA) and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series (GOES-R) Algorithm Working Group (AWG) funded by the JPSS and GOES-R Program Offices, respectively. We thank JPSS Program Scientist Mitch Goldberg and AWG Manager Jaime Daniels. Thanks also go to our NOAA colleagues John Sapper, XingMing Liang, Feng Xu, and Denise Frey for assistance, discussions, and feedback at its different stages. We also thank our JPSS SST colleagues, Peter Minnett, Bob Evans, and Kay Kilpatrick (University of Miami), Doug May and Jean-Francois Cayula (NAVO), Bob Arnone and Walton McBride (Navy Research Laboratory and University of Southern Mississippi), and Pierre LeBorgne and Herve Roquet (EUMETSAT OSI-SAF) for providing their algorithms and helpful discussions. Constructive comments by three anonymous reviewers have been instrumental for the authors to rethink and rewrite this manuscript. We particularly thank one reviewer, who not only suggested improvements to our analyses but also provided specific examples and demonstrations of how some of them may be implemented. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4580 EP 4599 DI 10.1002/2013JD020637 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KP UT WOS:000335809100010 ER PT J AU Ciren, P Kondragunta, S AF Ciren, Pubu Kondragunta, Shobha TI Dust aerosol index (DAI) algorithm for MODIS SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; dust; satellite; remote sensing ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; MINERAL DUST; ABSORBING AEROSOLS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SATELLITE; CLOUD; VARIABILITY; AERONET; LAND; PRECIPITATION AB A dust aerosol index (DAI) algorithm based on measurements in deep blue (412nm), blue (440nm), and shortwave IR (2130nm) wavelengths using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations has been developed. Contrary to some dust detection algorithms that use measurements at thermal IR bands, this algorithm takes advantage of the spectral dependence of Rayleigh scattering, surface reflectance, and dust absorption to detect airborne dust. The DAI images generated by this algorithm agree qualitatively with the location and extent of dust observed in MODIS true color images. Quantitatively, the dust index generated for hundreds of dust outbreaks observed between 2006 and 2013 were compared to Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) Vertical Feature Mask (VFM) product and the detections are found to be accurate at 70% over land and 82% over ocean. The Probability of Correct Detection (POCD) is 80% over land and 76% over ocean. The dust detections with DAI-based dust identification algorithm were also compared to 5 years of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations for 13 stations with a wide range of geographical coverage. The average detection accuracy is similar to 70%, whereas the POCD is similar to 67%. The performance of DAI-based dust detection against AERONET is slightly weaker than that against CALIOP VFM because of the limited number of matchups for some stations. For stations close to source region or coastal and island stations, the accuracy and POCD can be as high as similar to 85% and similar to 89%, respectively. Key Points The developed algorithm is simple, fast, and sensitive to the presence of dust Can capture both the outbreak and transport of dust event very well Detections are found to be accurate at 70% over land and 82% over ocean C1 [Ciren, Pubu] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Ciren, Pubu; Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ciren, P (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM pubu.ciren@noaa.gov RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4770 EP 4792 DI 10.1002/2013JD020855 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KP UT WOS:000335809100021 ER PT J AU Pandolfi, M Querol, X Alastuey, A Jimenez, JL Jorba, O Day, D Ortega, A Cubison, MJ Comeron, A Sicard, M Mohr, C Prevot, ASH Minguillon, MC Pey, J Baldasano, JM Burkhart, JF Seco, R Penuelas, J van Drooge, BL Artinano, B Di Marco, C Nemitz, E Schallhart, S Metzger, A Hansel, A Lorente, J Ng, S Jayne, J Szidat, S AF Pandolfi, M. Querol, X. Alastuey, A. Jimenez, J. L. Jorba, O. Day, D. Ortega, A. Cubison, M. J. Comeron, A. Sicard, M. Mohr, C. Prevot, A. S. H. Minguillon, M. C. Pey, J. Baldasano, J. M. Burkhart, J. F. Seco, R. Penuelas, J. van Drooge, B. L. Artinano, B. Di Marco, C. Nemitz, E. Schallhart, S. Metzger, A. Hansel, A. Lorente, J. Ng, S. Jayne, J. Szidat, S. TI Effects of sources and meteorology on particulate matter in the Western Mediterranean Basin: An overview of the DAURE campaign SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE DAURE; fossil OC and EC sources; biogenic SOA; inorganic salts; pollution episodes; Western Mediterranean Basin ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; REGIONAL BACKGROUND AEROSOLS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE NUMBER; HIGH-RESOLUTION; AIR-QUALITY; CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; BIOGENIC EMISSIONS AB DAURE (Determination of the Sources of Atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in the Western Mediterranean) was a multidisciplinary international field campaign aimed at investigating the sources and meteorological controls of particulate matter in the Western Mediterranean Basin (WMB). Measurements were simultaneously performed at an urban-coastal (Barcelona, BCN) and a rural-elevated (Montseny, MSY) site pair in NE Spain during winter and summer. State-of-the-art methods such as C-14 analysis, proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry, and high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry were applied for the first time in the WMB as part of DAURE. WMB regional pollution episodes were associated with high concentrations of inorganic and organic species formed during the transport to inland areas and built up at regional scales. Winter pollutants accumulation depended on the degree of regional stagnation of an air mass under anticyclonic conditions and the planetary boundary layer height. In summer, regional recirculation and biogenic secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation mainly determined the regional pollutant concentrations. The contribution from fossil sources to organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol concentrations were higher at BCN compared with MSY due to traffic emissions. The relative contribution of nonfossil OC was higher at MSY especially in summer due to biogenic emissions. The fossil OC/EC ratio at MSY was twice the corresponding ratio at BCN indicating that a substantial fraction of fossil OC was due to fossil SOA. In winter, BCN cooking emissions were identified as an important source of modern carbon in primary organic aerosol. C1 [Pandolfi, M.; Querol, X.; Alastuey, A.; Minguillon, M. C.; Pey, J.; van Drooge, B. L.] Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain. [Jimenez, J. L.; Day, D.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, J. L.; Day, D.; Ortega, A.; Cubison, M. J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jorba, O.; Baldasano, J. M.] Ctr Nacl Supercomp, Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, Earth Sci Dept, Barcelona, Spain. [Ortega, A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Comeron, A.; Sicard, M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Signal Theory & Commun Dept, Remote Sensing Lab, Barcelona, Spain. [Sicard, M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Aerosp & Res Ctr, Inst Space Studies Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain. [Mohr, C.; Prevot, A. S. H.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, Villigen, Switzerland. [Baldasano, J. M.] Tech Univ Catalonia, Environm Modeling Lab, Barcelona, Spain. [Burkhart, J. F.] NILU Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Seco, R.; Penuelas, J.] Global Ecol Unit CREAF CEAB UAB, CSIC, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain. [Penuelas, J.] CREAF, Cerdanyola Del Valles, Spain. [Artinano, B.] Environm & Technol CIEMAT, Energy Res Ctr, Madrid, Spain. [Di Marco, C.; Nemitz, E.] Ctr Ecol & Hydrol Edinburgh, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland. [Schallhart, S.; Hansel, A.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ionenphys & Angew Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Metzger, A.] Ionicon Analyt, Innsbruck, Austria. [Lorente, J.] Univ Barcelona, Atmospher Phys Grp, Barcelona, Spain. [Ng, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Ng, S.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Jayne, J.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bern, Switzerland. [Szidat, S.] Univ Bern, Oeschger Ctr Climate Change Res, Bern, Switzerland. RP Pandolfi, M (reprint author), Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res, Barcelona, Spain. EM marco.pandolfi@idaea.csic.es RI Szidat, Sonke/D-6706-2011; Penuelas, Josep/D-9704-2011; Pandolfi, Marco/F-9409-2016; Minguillon, Maria Cruz/F-9431-2016; Sicard, Michael/K-9064-2013; Querol, Xavier/E-2800-2014; Pey Betran, Jorge/F-6902-2015; LORENTE, JERONIMO/H-6258-2015; Alastuey, Andres/E-1706-2014; Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; Prevot, Andre/C-6677-2008; Seco, Roger/F-7124-2011; Comeron, Adolfo/M-5507-2013; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Mohr, Claudia/D-9857-2011; ARTINANO, BEGONA/L-1220-2014; Nemitz, Eiko/I-6121-2012; OI Szidat, Sonke/0000-0002-1824-6207; Penuelas, Josep/0000-0002-7215-0150; Pandolfi, Marco/0000-0002-7493-7213; Sicard, Michael/0000-0001-8287-9693; Querol, Xavier/0000-0002-6549-9899; Pey Betran, Jorge/0000-0002-5015-1742; LORENTE, JERONIMO/0000-0002-7463-1601; Alastuey, Andres/0000-0002-5453-5495; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Prevot, Andre/0000-0002-9243-8194; Seco, Roger/0000-0002-2078-9956; Comeron, Adolfo/0000-0001-6886-3679; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Mohr, Claudia/0000-0002-3291-9295; Nemitz, Eiko/0000-0002-1765-6298; Jorba, Oriol/0000-0001-5872-0244 FU MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness); MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food Environment); FEDER funds; Accion Complementaria DAURE [CGL2007-30502-E/CLI]; VAMOS project [CGL2010-19464/CLI]; European Union (EUCAARI) [EUSAAR RII3-CT-2006-026140]; Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge of the Generalitat de Catalunya; Generalitat de Catalunya [2009 SGR8D]; Severo Ochoa Program [CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050, SEV-2011-00067]; Spanish Government; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; JAE-Doc CSIC program; European Social Fund (ESF); U.S. NSF from Atm. Chem. and OISE Office of International Science and Engineering [ATM-0920940, ATM-0919189]; DOE [DE-SC0006035]; DOE SCGF (ARRA/ORISE/ORAU) Fellowship [DE-AC05-06OR23100]; Spanish Government [CGL2010-17172, CSD2008-00040]; Catalan Government [SGR2009-458]; Fundacion Ramon Areces; Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network (ACTRIS) [262254]; FEDER funds [TEC2012-34575, TEC2009-09106/TEC, CGL2011-13580-E/CLI, CGL2011-16124-E/CLI] FX This work is supported by the MINECO (Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness), the MAGRAMA (Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food Environment), and FEDER funds; by the Accion Complementaria DAURE CGL2007-30502-E/CLI, the VAMOS project CGL2010-19464/CLI, the European Union (EUSAAR RII3-CT-2006-026140, EUCAARI), and the Departament de Medi Ambient i Habitatge of the Generalitat de Catalunya. This work was partially funded by Generalitat de Catalunya 2009 SGR8D. J. Baldasano and O. Jorba were partly supported by grants CGL2010/19652, CSD2007-0050, and SEV-2011-00067 of Severo Ochoa Program, awarded by the Spanish Government. M. C. Minguillon was supported by a postdoctoral grant in the frame of Programa Nacional de Movilidad de Recursos Humanos del Plan nacional de I-D+I 2008-2011 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by the JAE-Doc CSIC program, cofunded by the European Social Fund (ESF). M. Pandolfi was funded by the Jae-DOC CSIC program cofunded by the European Social Fund (ESF). A. Day, A. M. Ortega, and J. L. Jimenez were partially supported by U.S. NSF grants ATM-0920940 and ATM-0919189 (from Atm. Chem. and OISE Office of International Science and Engineering), and by DOE grant DE-SC0006035. A. M. Ortega was supported by DOE SCGF (ARRA/ORISE/ORAU) Fellowship DE-AC05-06OR23100; J. Penuelas and R. Seco were supported by the Spanish Government projects CGL2010-17172 and Consolider Ingenio Montes CSD2008-00040, by the Catalan Government project SGR2009-458, and by a postdoctoral grant from Fundacion Ramon Areces to R. Seco. Lidar measurements were supported by the 7th Framework Programme project Aerosols, Clouds, and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure Network (ACTRIS) (grant agreement 262254); by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and FEDER funds under the projects TEC2012-34575, TEC2009-09106/TEC, CGL2011-13580-E/CLI, and CGL2011-16124-E/CLI. Also acknowledged is L. Wacker (ETH Zurich) for making available the accelerator mass spectrometer MICADAS for 14C measurement. The authors would also like to acknowledge NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, SeaWIFS-NASA Project, University of Athens, Navy Research Laboratory-USA, and the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre for their contribution with TOMS maps, satellite images, SKIRON dust maps, NAAPs aerosol maps, and BSC-DREAM8b dust maps, respectively. The authors gratefully acknowledge the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready.html) used in this publication. The authors wish to thank the Catalan Meteorological Service for providing the BCN radio-sounding data. Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Jesus Parga for his technical support. NR 83 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 8 BP 4978 EP 5010 DI 10.1002/2013JD021079 PG 33 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KP UT WOS:000335809100033 ER PT J AU Waller, RG Stone, RP Johnstone, J Mondragon, J AF Waller, Rhian G. Stone, Robert P. Johnstone, Julia Mondragon, Jennifer TI Sexual Reproduction and Seasonality of the Alaskan Red Tree Coral, Primnoa pacifica SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DEEP-SEA; FUNGIACYATHUS-MARENZELLERI; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; FERTILIZATION SUCCESS; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; WATER CORALS; OCTOCORAL; ECOLOGY; REEF; GROWTH AB The red tree coral Primnoa pacifica is an important habitat forming octocoral in North Pacific waters. Given the prominence of this species in shelf and upper slope areas of the Gulf of Alaska where fishing disturbance can be high, it may be able to sustain healthy populations through adaptive reproductive processes. This study was designed to test this hypothesis, examining reproductive mode, seasonality and fecundity in both undamaged and simulated damaged colonies over the course of 16 months using a deepwater-emerged population in Tracy Arm Fjord. Females within the population developed asynchronously, though males showed trends of synchronicity, with production of immature spermatocysts heightened in December/January and maturation of gametes in the fall months. Periodicity of individuals varied from a single year reproductive event to some individuals taking more than the 16 months sampled to produce viable gametes. Multiple stages of gametes occurred in polyps of the same colony during most sampling periods. Mean oocyte size ranged from 50 to 200 mu m in any season, and maximum oocyte size (802 mu m) suggests a lecithotrophic larva. No brooding larvae were found during this study, though unfertilized oocytes were found adhered to the outside of polyps, where they are presumably fertilized. This species demonstrated size-dependent reproduction, with gametes first forming in colonies over 42-cm length, and steady oocyte sizes being achieved after reaching 80-cm in length. The average fecundity was 86 (+/- 12) total oocytes per polyp, and 17 (+/- 12) potential per polyp fecundity. Sub-lethal injury by removing 21-40% of colony tissue had no significant reproductive response in males or females over the course of this study, except for a corresponding loss in overall colony fecundity. The reproductive patterns and long gamete generation times observed in this study indicate that recruitment events are likely to be highly sporadic in this species increasing its vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbances. C1 [Waller, Rhian G.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Stone, Robert P.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. [Johnstone, Julia] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Mondragon, Jennifer] NOAA, Alaska Reg Off, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK USA. RP Waller, RG (reprint author), Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. EM rhian.waller@maine.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center; National Geographic Society FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Alaska Fisheries Science Center, and through the National Geographic Society. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 18 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 25 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e90893 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090893 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI3CM UT WOS:000336736600001 PM 24770675 ER PT J AU Doxaran, D Lamquin, N Park, YJ Mazeran, C Ryu, JH Wang, MH Poteau, A AF Doxaran, David Lamquin, Nicolas Park, Young-Je Mazeran, Constant Ryu, Joo-Hyung Wang, Menghua Poteau, Antoine TI Retrieval of the seawater reflectance for suspended solids monitoring in the East China Sea using MODIS, MERIS and GOCI satellite data SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Ocean color remote sensing; Seawater reflectance; Profiling float; Coastal waters; Suspended sediment dynamics; East China Sea ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; REMOTE-SENSING REFLECTANCE; TURBID ESTUARINE WATERS; SOUTHERN NORTH-SEA; COLOR IMAGER GOCI; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; OCEANIC WATERS; YANGTZE-RIVER; MARINE PARTICLES AB The objectives of this study are to: (i) compare the potential of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS), the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) in retrieving the particulate backscattering coefficient, robust proxy of the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), in the turbid waters of the East China Sea, then (ii) combine ocean color satellite data to field data recorded by an autonomous bio-optical profiling float to reconstitute and explain the dynamics of SPM within the whole water column in the middle of the East China Sea. MODIS, MERIS and GOCI seawater reflectance products at green, red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths are generated using atmospheric correction algorithms designed for turbid coastal waters then compared. Good agreement is obtained in the green and red while significant differences are observed in the NIR. The standard GOCI algorithm and a new one based on a regional empirical relationship established using MODIS satellite data are both proved to perform well over the whole range of water turbidity. Finally the dynamics of SPM is reconstituted along a three-month period to highlight a steady-state and stratified situation before the overpass of a large typhoon which mixed the water column, destroyed the deep-chlorophyll maximum and enhanced resuspension of bottom sediments varying according to tidal cycles. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved. C1 [Doxaran, David; Poteau, Antoine] CNRS UPMC, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. [Park, Young-Je; Ryu, Joo-Hyung] KIOST, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Seoul 425600, South Korea. [Lamquin, Nicolas; Mazeran, Constant] ACRI ST, F-06904 Sophia Antipolis, France. [Wang, Menghua] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Doxaran, D (reprint author), CNRS UPMC, Lab Oceanog Villefranche, F-06230 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. EM doxaran@obs-vlfr.fr RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the GOYA [116405]; EC FP7 AQUAIVIAR project; Agence Nationale de la Recherche FX This study was funded by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES) through the GOYA, Provpanache and contract no. 116405 projects, EC FP7 AQUAIVIAR project, and represents a contribution to the PABO project (Pi H. Claustre) funded by Agence Nationale de la Recherche. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD APR 25 PY 2014 VL 146 SI SI BP 36 EP 48 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2013.06.020 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AH5TH UT WOS:000336193500005 ER PT J AU Carasso, AS AF Carasso, Alfred S. TI A Framework for Reproducible Latent Fingerprint Enhancements SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dodge and burn; fractional diffusion equation; latent fingerprints; progressive Levy stable smoothing; reproducible image enhancement AB Photoshop processing(1) of latent fingerprints is the preferred methodology among law enforcement forensic experts, but that appproach is not fully reproducible and may lead to questionable enhancements. Alternative, independent, fully reproducible enhancements, using IDL Histogram Equalization and IDL Adaptive Histogram Equalization, can produce better-defined ridge structures, along with considerable background information. Applying a systematic slow motion smoothing procedure to such IDL enhancements, based on the rapid FFT solution of a Levy stable fractional diffusion equation, can attenuate background detail while preserving ridge information. The resulting smoothed latent print enhancements are comparable to, but distinct from, forensic Photoshop images suitable for input into automated fingerprint identification systems, (AFIS). In addition, this progressive smoothing procedure can be reexamined by displaying the suite of progressively smoother IDL images. That suite can be stored, providing an audit trail that allows monitoring for possible loss of useful information, in transit to the user-selected optimal image. Such independent and fully reproducible enhancements provide a valuable frame of reference that may be helpful in informing, complementing, and possibly validating the forensic Photoshop methodology. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carasso, AS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alfred.carasso@nist.gov FU NIST FX This work was sponsored by the 2012 NIST Forensic Measurement Challenges grant, Metrics for Manipulation and Enhancement of Forensic Images. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 14 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 25 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 212 EP 226 DI 10.6028/jres.119.006 PG 15 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AG5IV UT WOS:000335453600001 PM 26601028 ER PT J AU Guise, ND Tan, JN Brewer, SM Fischer, CF Jonsson, P AF Guise, Nicholas D. Tan, Joseph N. Brewer, Samuel M. Fischer, Charlotte F. Jonsson, Per TI Measurement of the Kr XVIII 3d(2)D(5/2) lifetime at low energy in a unitary Penning trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POTASSIUM ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; IONS; LINES; M1 AB A different technique is used to study the radiative decay of a metastable state in multiply ionized atoms. With use of a unitary Penning trap to selectively capture Kr17+ ions from an ion source at NIST, the decay of the 3d(2)D(5/2) metastable state is measured in isolation at low energy, without any active cooling. The highly ionized atoms are trapped in the fine structure of the electronic ground configuration with an energy spread of 4(1) eV, which is narrower than within the ion source by a factor of about 100. By observing the visible 637-nm photon emission of the forbidden transition from the 3d(2)D(5/2) level to the ground state, we measured its radiative lifetime to be tau = 24.48 ms +/- 0.28(stat.) ms +/- 0.14(syst.) ms. Remarkably, various theoretical predictions for this relativistic Rydberg atom are in agreement with our measurement at the 1% level. C1 [Guise, Nicholas D.; Tan, Joseph N.; Brewer, Samuel M.; Fischer, Charlotte F.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guise, Nicholas D.; Brewer, Samuel M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Jonsson, Per] Malmo Univ, S-20506 Malmo, Sweden. RP Guise, ND (reprint author), Georgia Tech Res Inst, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM Nicholas.Guise@gtri.gatech.edu RI Jonsson, Per/L-3602-2013 OI Jonsson, Per/0000-0001-6818-9637 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST FX The work of N.D.G. was supported in part by a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NIST. We thank P. J. Mohr, J. Sapirstein, and Yu. Ralchenko for stimulating discussions. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 24 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 040502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.040502 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AG5ZI UT WOS:000335497500001 ER PT J AU Chen, ZL Bohnet, JG Weiner, JM Cox, KC Thompson, JK AF Chen, Zilong Bohnet, Justin G. Weiner, Joshua M. Cox, Kevin C. Thompson, James K. TI Cavity-aided nondemolition measurements for atom counting and spin squeezing SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM; ENTANGLEMENT; LIMIT; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; GENERATION; ROTATION; VACUUM; CLOCK AB Probing the collective spin state of an ensemble of atoms may provide a means to reduce heating via the photon recoil associated with the measurement and provide a robust, scalable route for preparing highly entangled states with spectroscopic sensitivity below the standard quantum limit for coherent spin states. The collective probing relies on obtaining a very large optical depth that can be effectively increased by placing the ensemble within an optical cavity such that the probe light passes many times through the ensemble. Here we provide expressions for measurement resolution and spectroscopic enhancement in such cavity- aided nondemolition measurements as a function of the cavity detuning. In particular, fundamental limits on spectroscopic enhancements in Rb-87 are considered. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, ZL (reprint author), Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Data Storage Inst, 5 Engn Dr 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore. EM chen.zilong@gmail.com; jkt@jila.colorado.edu RI Chen, Zilong/H-3405-2011 OI Chen, Zilong/0000-0003-4467-8537 FU NIST; NSF PFC; ARO; DARPA QuASAR; NSF GRF; NDSEG; National Science Foundation [1125844] FX All authors acknowledge financial support from NIST, NSF PFC, ARO, and DARPA QuASAR. Z.C. was supported in part by A*STAR Singapore. J.G.B. acknowledges support from NSF GRF, and K. C. C. acknowledges support from NDSEG. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1125844. NR 65 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 23 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.043837 PG 17 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AG3LM UT WOS:000335319300012 ER PT J AU Saha, SR Drye, T Goh, SK Klintberg, LE Silver, JM Grosche, FM Sutherland, M Munsie, TJS Luke, GM Pratt, DK Lynn, JW Paglione, J AF Saha, Shanta R. Drye, T. Goh, S. K. Klintberg, L. E. Silver, J. M. Grosche, F. M. Sutherland, M. Munsie, T. J. S. Luke, G. M. Pratt, D. K. Lynn, J. W. Paglione, J. TI Segregation of antiferromagnetism and high-temperature superconductivity in Ca1-xLaxFe2As2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID IRON PNICTIDES; DOPED CAFE2AS2; PHASE-DIAGRAM; COEXISTENCE; PRESSURE; AMBIENT AB We report the effect of applied pressures on magnetic and superconducting order in single crystals of the aliovalent La-doped iron pnictide material Ca1-xLaxFe2As2. Using electrical transport, elastic neutron scattering, and resonant tunnel diode oscillator measurements on samples under both quasihydrostatic and hydrostatic pressure conditions, we report a series of phase diagrams spanning the range of substitution concentrations for both antiferromagnetic and superconducting ground states that include pressure-tuning through the antiferromagnetic (AFM) superconducting critical point. Our results indicate that the observed superconducting phase with a maximum transition temperature of T-c = 47 K is intrinsic to these materials, appearing only upon suppression of magnetic order by pressure-tuning through the AFM critical point. Thus, the superconducting phase appears to exist exclusively in juxtaposition to the antiferromagnetic phase in a manner similar to the oxygen- and fluorine-based iron-pnictide superconductors with the highest transition temperatures reported to date. Unlike the lower-T-c systems, in which superconductivity and magnetism usually coexist, the tendency for the highest-T-c systems to show noncoexistence provides an important insight into the distinct transition temperature limits in different members of the iron-based superconductor family. C1 [Saha, Shanta R.; Drye, T.; Paglione, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Goh, S. K.; Klintberg, L. E.; Silver, J. M.; Grosche, F. M.; Sutherland, M.] Univ Cambridge, Cavendish Lab, Cambridge CB3 0HE, England. [Munsie, T. J. S.; Luke, G. M.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Pratt, D. K.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saha, SR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM srsaha@umd.edu; paglione@umd.edu RI Luke, Graeme/A-9094-2010; Grosche, Malte/A-7117-2012; OI Grosche, Malte/0000-0002-3912-9819; Silver, Jonathan/0000-0003-3152-3579 FU AFOSR-MURI [FA9550-09-1-0603]; NSF [DMR-0952716]; Royal Society; Trinity College Cambridge FX The authors acknowledge R. L. Greene, P. Canfield, G. Lonzarich, and P. Alireza for useful discussions, and we thank J. Leao for assistance with neutron diffraction measurements under pressure. Research at the University of Maryland was supported by the AFOSR-MURI (FA9550-09-1-0603) and the NSF (DMR-0952716). M. S. acknowledges support from the Royal Society, and S. K. G. from Trinity College Cambridge. NR 60 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 46 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 23 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 13 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.134516 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AG3LP UT WOS:000335319800003 ER PT J AU Brown, P Wasbrough, MJ Gurkan, BE Hatton, TA AF Brown, Paul Wasbrough, Matthew J. Gurkan, Burcu E. Hatton, T. Alan TI CO2-Responsive Microemulsions Based on Reactive Ionic Liquids SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; WATER; SURFACTANTS; CO2 AB We demonstrate that the nanodomains within a ternary system consisting of oil, surfactant, and a new reactive ionic liquid can be tuned reversibly upon exposure to and removal of CO2 under mild conditions of temperature and pressure. The equilibrium microstructures of these domains have been characterized by small-angle neutron scattering and demonstrate that control over emulsion morphology (and therefore physicochemical properties such as viscosity) and the breaking of emulsions can be achieved without the need for irreversible changes in system composition or significant energy input. C1 [Brown, Paul; Gurkan, Burcu E.; Hatton, T. Alan] MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Wasbrough, Matthew J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hatton, TA (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tahatton@mit.edu RI Wasbrough, Matthew/H-2252-2013 OI Wasbrough, Matthew/0000-0002-3225-7447 FU Saudi Aramco; NIST Centre for Neutron Research; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX We thank Saudi Aramco for funding and the NIST Centre for Neutron Research for beam time and a financial travel grant. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 53 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 22 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 15 BP 4267 EP 4272 DI 10.1021/la500675g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AF8UP UT WOS:000334991400010 PM 24690009 ER PT J AU Pajerowski, DM Ravel, B Li, CH Dumont, MF Talham, DR AF Pajerowski, Daniel M. Ravel, Bruce Li, Carissa H. Dumont, Matthieu F. Talham, Daniel R. TI X-ray Absorption Study of Structural Coupling in Photomagnetic Prussian Blue Analogue Core@Shell Particles SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOINDUCED FERRIMAGNETIC SYSTEMS; FINE-STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ALKALI CATION; C-I; CYANIDE; HETEROSTRUCTURES; MAGNETISM; EXAFS; HEXACYANOFERRATE AB X-ray absorption spectroscopy experiments of core@shell, photomagnetic, and Prussian Blue analogue heterostructures obtain the local structure around the magnetic transition-metal ions before and after illumination. Two samples, containing nickel hexacyanochromate (Ni-Cr) and cobalt hexacyanoferrate (Co-Fe) in Ni-Cr@Co-Fe and Co-Fe@Ni-Cr geometries, were studied. Both materials display the well-known photoinduced valence tautomerism for Co-Fe, accompanied by a large change in cobalt to nitrogen distances. Furthermore, these experimental results show a structural coupling of the photoactive Co-Fe layer to the passive Ni-Cr layer. Finally, the strain across the heterostructured interface in Co-Fe and Ni-Cr containing core@shell models is investigated with simulations that use custom potentials derived from density functional theory calculations. C1 [Pajerowski, Daniel M.; Ravel, Bruce] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Carissa H.; Dumont, Matthieu F.; Talham, Daniel R.] Univ Florida, Dept Chem, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pajerowski, DM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel@pajerowski.com OI Pajerowski, Daniel/0000-0003-3890-2379 FU National Research Council (NRC)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Research Associateship Program; NIST; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. National Science Foundation [DMR-1005581] FX We thank Edwin J. Heilweil for the use of FT-IR equipment during sample environment design and preliminary materials testing, and Brian Zakrzewski for his preliminary involvement. D.M.P. acknowledges support from the National Research Council (NRC)/National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Research Associateship Program. Additional support from NIST is also acknowledged. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886). D.R.T. acknowledges support by the U.S. National Science Foundation (through Grant No. DMR-1005581). NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 10 U2 94 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 22 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 8 BP 2586 EP 2594 DI 10.1021/cm4042007 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AF8UO UT WOS:000334991300015 ER PT J AU Mansfield, KL Wyneken, J Porter, WP Luo, JG AF Mansfield, Katherine L. Wyneken, Jeanette Porter, Warren P. Luo, Jiangang TI First satellite tracks of neonate sea turtles redefine the 'lost years' oceanic niche SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE sea turtle 'lost years'; ocean migration; satellite telemetry; oceanic stage sea turtles; Caretta caretta; thermal niche ID CARETTA-CARETTA; BASKING BEHAVIOR; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; GROWTH; MIGRATIONS; ECOLOGY; SCRIPTA; SURFACE; MODEL AB Few at-sea behavioural data exist for oceanic-stage neonate sea turtles, a life-stage commonly referred to as the sea turtle 'lost years'. Historically, the long-term tracking of small, fast-growing organisms in the open ocean was logistically or technologically impossible. Here, we provide the first long-term satellite tracks of neonate sea turtles. Loggerheads (Caretta caretta) were remotely tracked in the Atlantic Ocean using small solar-powered satellite transmitters. We show that oceanic-stage turtles (i) rarely travel in Continental Shelf waters, (ii) frequently depart the currents associated with the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, (iii) travel quickly when in Gyre currents, and (iv) select sea surface habitats that are likely to provide a thermal benefit or refuge to young sea turtles, supporting growth, foraging and survival. Our satellite tracks help define Atlantic loggerhead nursery grounds and early loggerhead habitat use, allowing us to re-examine sea turtle 'lost years' paradigms. C1 [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Wyneken, Jeanette] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Porter, Warren P.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Zool, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Mansfield, KL (reprint author), Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. EM kate.mansfield@ucf.edu FU Large Pelagics Research Center Extramural Grants Program; NOAA Fisheries; Southeast Fisheries Science Center; Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program; Save Our Seas Foundation; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund; National Academies Research Associateship Program; Ashwanden Family Fund; Nelligan Sea Turtle Research Support Fund; Robertson Foundation; Bonefish Tarpon Trust FX Funding for this research was provided by the Large Pelagics Research Center Extramural Grants Program, NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Florida Sea Turtle Grants Program, Save Our Seas Foundation, Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund, the National Academies Research Associateship Program, the Ashwanden Family Fund, the Nelligan Sea Turtle Research Support Fund and personal funds. Funding for J. Luo was provided by the Robertson Foundation and the Bonefish & Tarpon Trust. NR 45 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 72 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 22 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1781 AR 20133039 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.3039 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC6NL UT WOS:000332640400015 PM 24598420 ER PT J AU Wineland, DJ AF Wineland, David J. TI Superposition, Entanglement, and Raising Schrodinger's Cat SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A LA English DT Review ID MONO-ION OSCILLATOR; OPTICAL FREQUENCY STANDARDS; TRAPPED ATOMIC IONS; QUANTUM JUMPS; RADIATION-PRESSURE; SINGLE-ATOM; PROJECTION NOISE; HYDROGEN MASER; NOBEL LECTURE; GROUND-STATE C1 [Wineland, David J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wineland, David J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wineland, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 165 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 25 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-751X EI 1793-656X J9 INT J MOD PHYS A JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. A PD APR 20 PY 2014 VL 29 IS 10 AR 1430027 DI 10.1142/S0217751X14300270 PG 27 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA AF4OS UT WOS:000334693700002 ER PT J AU Sharma, D Amani, M Motayed, A Shah, PB Birdwell, AG Najmaei, S Ajayan, PM Lou, J Dubey, M Li, QL Davydov, AV AF Sharma, Deepak Amani, Matin Motayed, Abhishek Shah, Pankaj B. Birdwell, A. Glen Najmaei, Sina Ajayan, Pulickel M. Lou, Jun Dubey, Madan Li, Qiliang Davydov, Albert V. TI Electrical transport and low-frequency noise in chemical vapor deposited single-layer MoS2 devices SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2D materials; low-frequency noise; MoS2; flicker noise; generation recombination (G-R) noise ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; 1/F NOISE; MOLYBDENUM-DISULFIDE; GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS; INTEGRATED-CIRCUITS; MONOLAYER MOS2; FLICKER NOISE; LINEAR REGION; MOSFET; MODEL AB We have studied temperature-dependent (77-300 K) electrical characteristics and low-frequency noise (LFN) in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs). Electrical characterization and LFN measurements were conducted on MoS2 FETs with Al2O3 top-surface passivation. We also studied the effect of top-surface passivation etching on the electrical characteristics of the device. Significant decrease in channel current and transconductance was observed in these devices after the Al2O3 passivation etching. For passivated devices, the two-terminal resistance variation with temperature showed a good fit to the activation energy model, whereas for the etched devices the trend indicated a hopping transport mechanism. A significant increase in the normalized drain current noise power spectral density (PSD) was observed after the etching of the top passivation layer. The observed channel current noise was explained using a standard unified model incorporating carrier number fluctuation and correlated surface mobility fluctuation mechanisms. Detailed analysis of the gate-referred noise voltage PSD indicated the presence of different trapping states in passivated devices when compared to the etched devices. Etched devices showed weak temperature dependence of the channel current noise, whereas passivated devices exhibited near-linear temperature dependence. C1 [Sharma, Deepak; Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sharma, Deepak; Motayed, Abhishek; Davydov, Albert V.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Amani, Matin; Shah, Pankaj B.; Birdwell, A. Glen; Dubey, Madan] Army Res Lab, Sensors & Elect Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Motayed, Abhishek] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Najmaei, Sina; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Lou, Jun] Rice Univ, Dept Mat Sci & NanoEngn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Sharma, D (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311; Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU National Science Foundation [ECCS-0112802]; US Army Research Laboratory (ARL); Welch Foundation [C-1716]; NSF [ECCS-1327093]; US Army Research Office MURI grant [W911NF-11-1-0362] FX This work is partially supported by National Science Foundation under grant no. ECCS-0112802. MA, PBS, AGB and MD acknowledge the support of the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Director's Strategic Initiative (DSI) program on interfaces in stacked 2D atomic layered materials. SN and JL would like to acknowledge Welch Foundation grant C-1716 and the NSF grant ECCS-1327093 for their support. SN and PMA would also like to thank the support of the US Army Research Office MURI grant W911NF-11-1-0362. The authors would also like to thank Dr Pani Varanasi, ARO for in-depth technical discussion on 2D atomic layers R&D. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the ARL or the US Government. The US Government is authorized to reproduce or distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 13 U2 176 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 18 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 15 AR 155702 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/15/155702 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AD6TN UT WOS:000333394100012 PM 24642948 ER PT J AU Zhu, PY Song, JX Lv, DP Wang, DH Jaye, C Fischer, DA Wu, TP Chen, YS AF Zhu, Pengyu Song, Jiangxuan Lv, Dongping Wang, Donghai Jaye, Cherno Fischer, Daniel A. Wu, Tianpin Chen, Yongsheng TI Mechanism of Enhanced Carbon Cathode Performance by Nitrogen Doping in Lithium-Sulfur Battery: An X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN REDUCTION; K-EDGE; NEAR-EDGE; XANES SPECTROSCOPY; GRAPHENE OXIDE; SPECIATION; INTERLAYER; CAPACITY; CELLS; STATE AB Lithium-sulfur batteries have drawn much attention in advanced energy storage development due to their high theoretical specific capacity; however, several obstacles hinder their applications, including rapid capacity loss due to dissolution of polysulfide into the electrolyte. Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon cathode materials were found to effectively immobilize sulfur species and minimize the sulfur loss. In this work, we use X-ray absorption near-edge structure ()CANES) spectroscopy to probe the coordination structures of C, O, and N in a carbon cathode before and after the sulfur loading in order to better understand the effects of nitrogen doping. A significant change in oxygen coordination structure is observed, whereas the carbon and nitrogen chemical environments remain unaltered. In addition, the significant change in S K-edge XANES spectra is also observed after sulfur was loaded on nitrogen-doped carbon cathode material. These observations reveal that strong interaction between the nitrogen-doped carbon and sulfur is through oxygen functional groups, and nitrogen doping probably makes oxygen functional groups more reactive toward sulfur. C1 [Zhu, Pengyu; Chen, Yongsheng] Penn State Univ, EMS Energy Inst, John & Willie Leone Family Dept Energy & Mineral, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Song, Jiangxuan; Lv, Dongping; Wang, Donghai] Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wu, Tianpin] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Wang, DH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mech & Nucl Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM dwang@psu.edu; yzc2@psu.edu RI Wang, Donghai/L-1150-2013; Chen, Yongsheng/P-4800-2014; Song, Jiangxuan/G-8536-2015 OI Wang, Donghai/0000-0001-7261-8510; FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357] FX XANES experiments conducted on U7A Beam line at the National Synchrotron Light Source (Brookhaven National Laboratory) were supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10886. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. NR 38 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 8 U2 112 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 17 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 15 BP 7765 EP 7771 DI 10.1021/jp4123634 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AF5BZ UT WOS:000334730300004 ER PT J AU Ross, KA Harriger, L Yamani, Z Buyers, WJL Garrett, JD Menovsky, AA Mydosh, JA Broholm, CL AF Ross, K. A. Harriger, L. Yamani, Z. Buyers, W. J. L. Garrett, J. D. Menovsky, A. A. Mydosh, J. A. Broholm, C. L. TI Strict limit on in-plane ordered magnetic dipole moment in URu2Si2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON SUPERCONDUCTOR URU2SI2; HIDDEN-ORDER; COMPOUND URU2SI2; EXCITATIONS; PRESSURE; SCATTERING; PHASE AB Neutron diffraction is used to examine the polarization of weak static antiferromagnetism in high quality single crystalline URu2Si2. As previously documented, elastic Bragg-like diffraction develops for temperature T < T-HO = 17.5 K at q = (100) but not at wave vector transfer q = (001). The peak width indicates correlation lengths xi(c) = 230(12) angstrom and xi(a) = 240(15) angstrom. The integrated intensity of the T-dependent peaks corresponds to a sample averaged c-oriented staggered moment of mu(c) = 0.022(1) mu(B) at T = 1.7 K. The absence of T-dependent diffraction at q = (001) places a limit mu(1) < 0.0011 mu(B) on an f - or d-orbital-based in-plane staggered magnetic dipole moment, which is associated with multipolar orders proposed for URu2Si2. C1 [Ross, K. A.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Broholm, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Ross, K. A.; Harriger, L.; Broholm, C. L.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yamani, Z.; Buyers, W. J. L.] CNR, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Garrett, J. D.] McMaster Univ, Brockhouse Inst Mat Res, Hamilton, ON L85 4M1, Canada. [Menovsky, A. A.] Univ Amsterdam, Van der Waals Zeeman Lab, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. [Mydosh, J. A.] Leiden Univ, Kamerlingh Onnes Lab, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands. [Broholm, C. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Ross, KA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Quantum Matter, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI yamani, zahra/B-7892-2012 FU U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering [DE-FG02-08ER46544]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors acknowledge illuminating discussions with P. Chandra, P. Coleman and R. Flint. K. A. R. acknowledges the helpful logistical assistance of J.W. Lynn. Work at IQM was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Material Sciences and Engineering under Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46544. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 17 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 15 AR 155122 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.155122 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AF3EP UT WOS:000334594600001 ER PT J AU Mishra, S Mitchell, DL Turner, DD Lawson, RP AF Mishra, Subhashree Mitchell, David L. Turner, David D. Lawson, R. P. TI Parameterization of ice fall speeds in midlatitude cirrus: Results from SPartICus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL PARTICLE IMAGERY; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; WATER-CONTENT; AIRCRAFT MEASUREMENTS; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; TERMINAL VELOCITIES; ATMOSPHERE MODEL; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; CLIMATE MODELS; CLOUDS C1 [Mishra, Subhashree] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Mishra, Subhashree; Mitchell, David L.] Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Lawson, R. P.] SPEC Inc, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mishra, S (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM subh.mishra@gmail.com FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); NSF EPSCoR climate change fellowship [EPS-0814372] FX This research was primarily supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Additional support was obtained through NSF EPSCoR climate change fellowship grant EPS-0814372. Data used for this work was obtained during the SPartICus field campaign. These data are freely available to interested researchers through the DOE ARM program. Data from the 2D-S and other cloud probes can be accessed from . Satellite analysis data are available from . The authors are grateful to the scientists at SPEC Inc. for their help and support during the data analysis process. Qixu Mo is sincerely acknowledged for providing Matlab code for initial data processing. We thank Brad Baker for answering numerous scientific and field data-related questions. We also thank Sara Lance at SPEC for reprocessing the initial SpartICus data with a corrected algorithm intended for our specific needs. All reprocessed data are available on the ARM archive and can be accessed using the link above. The authors sincerely thank Greg McFarquhar and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and thoughtful feedback on this paper. NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3857 EP 3876 DI 10.1002/2013JD020602 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300013 ER PT J AU Liu, HQ Remer, LA Huang, JF Huang, HC Kondragunta, S Laszlo, I Oo, M Jackson, JM AF Liu, Hongqing Remer, Lorraine A. Huang, Jingfeng Huang, Ho-Chun Kondragunta, Shobha Laszlo, Istvan Oo, Min Jackson, John M. TI Preliminary evaluation of S-NPP VIIRS aerosol optical thickness SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; DATA ASSIMILATION; DEPTH RETRIEVALS; DUST AEROSOLS; MODIS; PRODUCTS; CLIMATE; AERONET; VALIDATION; POLLUTION C1 [Liu, Hongqing] IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. [Liu, Hongqing; Huang, Jingfeng; Huang, Ho-Chun; Kondragunta, Shobha; Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. [Remer, Lorraine A.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Catonsville, MD USA. [Huang, Jingfeng; Huang, Ho-Chun] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Oo, Min] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Jackson, John M.] Northrop Grumman Aerosp Syst, Redondo Beach, CA USA. RP Liu, HQ (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, College Pk, MD USA. EM Hongqing.Liu@noaa.gov RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Huang, Jingfeng/D-7336-2012; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Liu, Hongqing/F-5608-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Huang, Jingfeng/0000-0002-8779-2922; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Liu, Hongqing/0000-0002-9246-5379 NR 48 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3942 EP 3962 DI 10.1002/2013JD020360 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300019 ER PT J AU Ervens, B Sorooshian, A Lim, YB Turpin, BJ AF Ervens, Barbara Sorooshian, Armin Lim, Yong B. Turpin, Barbara J. TI Key parameters controlling OH-initiated formation of secondary organic aerosol in the aqueous phase (aqSOA) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID METHYL VINYL KETONE; IN-CLOUD PROCESSES; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; REACTIVE UPTAKE; PHOTOCHEMICAL FORMATION; SIMULATED CONDITIONS; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; WATER C1 [Ervens, Barbara] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, Barbara] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Environm Engn, Tucson, AZ USA. [Sorooshian, Armin] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. [Lim, Yong B.; Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. RP Ervens, B (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM barbara.ervens@noaa.gov RI Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Lim, Yong/A-5310-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Lim, Yong/0000-0001-5000-5991; Sorooshian, Armin/0000-0002-2243-2264 FU NOAA's Climate Goal; Office of Naval Research [N00014-10-1-0811, N00014-04-1-0118]; National Science Foundation [1052611]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results [83541201]; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FX B.E. acknowledges support from NOAA's Climate Goal. A.S. acknowledges Office of Naval Research grant N00014-10-1-0811, and the field measurements were supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-04-1-0118. B.T. and Y.L. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (1052611) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results (83541201). Although the research described in this paper has been funded in part by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's STAR program, it has not been subjected to any EPA review and therefore does not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency, and no official endorsement should be inferred. NR 89 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 6 U2 75 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 3997 EP 4016 DI 10.1002/2013JD021021 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300022 ER PT J AU Hagihara, Y Okamoto, H Luo, ZJ AF Hagihara, Yuichiro Okamoto, Hajime Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny TI Joint analysis of cloud top heights from CloudSat and CALIPSO: New insights into cloud top microphysics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LIDAR; ALGORITHM; RADAR; MODIS; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION; ACTIVATION C1 [Hagihara, Yuichiro; Okamoto, Hajime] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Luo, Zhengzhao Johnny] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Inst, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Okamoto, H (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. EM okamoto@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp RI Okamoto, Hajime/E-6510-2010; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016 OI Okamoto, Hajime/0000-0002-4540-1698; FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [22340133, 2524708]; Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology of the Japanese Cloud Seeding Experiments for Precipitation Augmentation (JCSEPA); Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, through the Study on influences of the global warming and rapid economic growth on the marine and atmospheric environment in the East Asia; GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project; NASA [NNX10AM31G, NNX12AC13G] FX We thank W. B. Rossow of City College of New York and K. Sato of Kyushu University for their helpful advice. We are grateful to the CloudSat and CALIPSO science teams and engineers whose efforts and commitment made this study possible. This work was partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan through Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (22340133) and A (2524708); by the Special Coordination Fund for Promoting Science and Technology of the Japanese Cloud Seeding Experiments for Precipitation Augmentation (JCSEPA); by the Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, through the Study on influences of the global warming and rapid economic growth on the marine and atmospheric environment in the East Asia; and by the GRENE Arctic Climate Change Research Project. Z.L. acknowledges support from NASA under grants NNX10AM31G and NNX12AC13G. NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4087 EP 4106 DI 10.1002/2013JD020919 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300026 ER PT J AU Seftor, CJ Jaross, G Kowitt, M Haken, M Li, J Flynn, LE AF Seftor, C. J. Jaross, G. Kowitt, M. Haken, M. Li, J. Flynn, L. E. TI Postlaunch performance of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) nadir sensors SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT C1 [Seftor, C. J.; Kowitt, M.; Haken, M.; Li, J.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Jaross, G.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Flynn, L. E.] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. RP Seftor, CJ (reprint author), Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM colin.seftor@ssaihq.com RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 7 BP 4413 EP 4428 DI 10.1002/2013JD020472 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7PZ UT WOS:000334908300044 ER PT J AU Carr, SV Louca, D Siewenie, J Huang, Q Wang, AF Chen, XH Dai, PC AF Carr, Scott V. Louca, Despina Siewenie, Joan Huang, Q. Wang, Aifeng Chen, Xianhui Dai, Pengcheng TI Structure and composition of the superconducting phase in alkali iron selenide KyFe1.6+xSe2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETISM; ORDER AB We use neutron diffraction to study the temperature evolution of the average structure and local lattice distortions in insulating and superconducting potassium iron selenide KyFe1.6+xSe2. In the high temperature paramagnetic state, both materials have a single phase with a crystal structure similar to that of the BaFe2As2 family of iron pnictides. While the insulating KyFe1.6+xSe2 forms a root 5 x root 5 iron vacancy ordered block antiferromagnetic (AF) structure at low temperature, the superconducting compounds spontaneously phase separate into an insulating part with root 5 x root 5 iron vacancy order and a superconducting phase with chemical composition of KzFe2Se2 and BaFe2As2 structure. Therefore, superconductivity in alkaline iron selenides arises from alkali deficient KzFe2Se2 in the matrix of the insulating block AF phase. C1 [Carr, Scott V.; Dai, Pengcheng] Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Siewenie, Joan] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, Aifeng; Chen, Xianhui] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wang, Aifeng; Chen, Xianhui] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Carr, SV (reprint author), Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. EM louca@virginia.edu; pdai@rice.edu RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 FU US NSF [DMR-1308603, OISE-0968226]; US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-01ER45927]; NSF [DMR 00-76488]; MOST; NSFC; Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX The work at Rice University is supported by the US NSF DMR-1308603 and OISE-0968226. The work at the University of Virginia is supported by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-FG02-01ER45927. This work has benefited from the use of NPDF at the Lujan Center at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, funded by DOE Office of Basic Energy Sciences. Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396. The upgrade of NPDF has been funded by NSF through Grant No. DMR 00-76488. Work at USTC is supported by MOST and NSFC. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 45 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 13 AR 134509 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.134509 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AH0DU UT WOS:000335790100004 ER PT J AU Tozuka, T Cronin, MF AF Tozuka, Tomoki Cronin, Meghan F. TI Role of mixed layer depth in surface frontogenesis: The Agulhas Return Current front SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE mixed layer depth; SST front; frontolysis; frontogenesis; Agulhas Return Current ID SEA HEAT EXCHANGES; NORTH PACIFIC; GULF-STREAM; UPPER-OCEAN; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; KUROSHIO EXTENSION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; INDIAN-OCEAN; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Air-sea interaction processes that modify the sea surface temperature (SST) front in the Agulhas Return Current region (between 40 degrees E and 55 degrees E) during austral summer and winter are examined using observational data and output from a high-resolution ocean general circulation model. While the air-sea heat flux frontal variations tend to relax the SST front, the frontolysis is amplified (damped) in summer (winter) when frontal variations in the mixed layer depth (MLD) are incorporated. The stronger (weaker) frontolysis associated with the MLD variations is due to the fact that the warming (cooling) by the surface heat flux is amplified south of the front where the MLD is shallower and is reduced north of the front where the MLD is deeper. This study is the first to show that the MLD variations play an important role in affecting the strength of the SST front. Key Points Air-sea heat fluxes will tend to lead to frontolysis Meridional variations in mixed layer depth (MLD) lead to changes in frontogenesis MLD may play an important role in air-sea interaction in SST frontal zones C1 [Tozuka, Tomoki] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tozuka, T (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo 113, Japan. EM tozuka@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Tozuka, Tomoki/A-1805-2009 OI Tozuka, Tomoki/0000-0001-6738-1299 FU Japan Society for Promotion of Science [2205]; Japan Science and Technology Agency; Japan International Cooperation Agency through Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) FX Constructive comments from two anonymous reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript. T. T. was supported by Japan Society for Promotion of Science through Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2205 and Japan Science and Technology Agency and Japan International Cooperation Agency through Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS). The OFES simulation was conducted on the Earth Simulator under the support of JAMSTEC. This is PMEL publication 4057. NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2447 EP 2453 DI 10.1002/2014GL059624 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000028 ER PT J AU Krasting, JP Dunne, JP Shevliakova, E Stouffer, RJ AF Krasting, J. P. Dunne, J. P. Shevliakova, E. Stouffer, R. J. TI Trajectory sensitivity of the transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE climate sensitivity; cumulative emissions; transient climate response; TCRE; oceanic heat uptake; carbon sink ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; PART I; FORMULATION AB The robustness of Transient Climate Response to cumulative Emissions (TCRE) is tested using an Earth System Model (Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory-ESM2G) forced with seven different constant rates of carbon emissions (2 GtC/yr to 25 GtC/yr), including low emission rates that have been largely unexplored in previous studies. We find the range of TCRE resulting from varying emission pathways to be 0.76 to 1.04 degrees C/TtC. This range, however, is small compared to the uncertainty resulting from varying model physics across the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project ensemble. TCRE has a complex relationship with emission rates; TCRE is largest for both low (2 GtC/yr) and high (25 GtC/yr) emissions and smallest for present-day emissions (5-10 GtC/yr). Unforced climate variability hinders precise estimates of TCRE for periods shorter than 50 years for emission rates near or smaller than present day values. Even if carbon emissions would stop, the prior emissions pathways will affect the future climate responses. Key Points Structural model uncertainty larger than emissions pathway uncertainty for TCRE TCRE signal difficult to detect under low emissions or on short time scales Climate response to zero emissions depends on prior emission rates C1 [Krasting, J. P.; Dunne, J. P.; Stouffer, R. J.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Shevliakova, E.] Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Krasting, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM John.Krasting@noaa.gov RI Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; Shevliakova, Elena/J-5770-2014 OI Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2520 EP 2527 DI 10.1002/2013GL059141 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000039 ER PT J AU Koo, JH Wang, YH Jiang, TY Deng, Y Oltmans, SJ Solberg, S AF Koo, Ja-Ho Wang, Yuhang Jiang, Tianyu Deng, Yi Oltmans, Samuel J. Solberg, Sverre TI Influence of climate variability on near-surface ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic near-surface ozone depletion; climate variability; western Pacific pattern ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TELECONNECTION PATTERN; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; HEMISPHERE WINTER; BRO OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-LATITUDES; POLAR SUNRISE; UNITED-STATES AB Near-surface ozone depletion events (ODEs) generally occur in the Arctic spring, and the frequency shows large interannual variations. We use surface ozone measurements at Barrow, Alert, and Zeppelinfjellet to analyze if their variations are due to climate variability. In years with frequent ODEs at Barrow and Alert, the western Pacific (WP) teleconnection pattern is usually in its negative phase, during which the Pacific jet is strengthened but the storm track originated over the western Pacific is weakened. Both factors tend to reduce the transport of ozone-rich air mass from midlatitudes to the Arctic, creating a favorable environment for the ODEs. The correlation of ODE frequencies at Zeppelinfjellet with WP indices is higher in the 2000s, reflecting stronger influence of the WP pattern in recent decade to cover ODEs in broader Arctic regions. We find that the WP pattern can be used to diagnose ODE changes and subsequent environmental impacts in the Arctic spring. Key Points Observed ODE frequencies in the Arctic spring have large interannual variability The WP pattern is the most significant climate factor for ODE variations The influence of the WP pattern on ODEs becomes stronger in the recent decade C1 [Koo, Ja-Ho; Wang, Yuhang; Jiang, Tianyu; Deng, Yi] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Solberg, Sverre] Norwegian Inst Air Res NILU, Kjeller, Norway. RP Wang, YH (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM yuhang.wang@eas.gatech.edu RI Wang, Yuhang/B-5578-2014 FU NASA FX This work was supported by the NASA International Polar Year and Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Programs. The ozone data at Alert were provided by Mike Shaw and Dave Ord of Environment Canada, and the ozone data at ZPL were provided by Ann Mari Fjaeraa of NILU. NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2582 EP 2589 DI 10.1002/2014GL059275 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000047 ER PT J AU Takagi, H Houweling, S Andres, RJ Belikov, D Bril, A Boesch, H Butz, A Guerlet, S Hasekamp, O Maksyutov, S Morino, I Oda, T O'Dell, CW Oshchepkov, S Parker, R Saito, M Uchino, O Yokota, T Yoshida, Y Valsala, V AF Takagi, Hiroshi Houweling, Sander Andres, Robert J. Belikov, Dmitry Bril, Andrey Boesch, Hartmut Butz, Andre Guerlet, Sandrine Hasekamp, Otto Maksyutov, Shamil Morino, Isamu Oda, Tomohiro O'Dell, Christopher W. Oshchepkov, Sergey Parker, Robert Saito, Makoto Uchino, Osamu Yokota, Tatsuya Yoshida, Yukio Valsala, Vinu TI Influence of differences in current GOSAT XCO2 retrievals on surface flux estimation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE CO2 sources and sinks; surface fluxes; inverse modeling; GOSAT; column CO2 concentration ID GREENHOUSE GASES; REGIONAL CO2; SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; TCCON SITES; ALGORITHM; SATELLITE; SPACE; INVERSIONS; VALIDATION AB We investigated differences in the five currently-available datasets of column-integrated CO2 concentrations (XCO2) retrieved from spectral soundings collected by Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) and assessed their impact on regional CO2 flux estimates. We did so by estimating the fluxes from each of the five XCO2 datasets combined with surface-based CO2 data, using a single inversion system. The five XCO2 datasets are available in raw and bias-corrected versions, and we found that the bias corrections diminish the range of the five coincident values by similar to 30% on average. The departures of the five individual inversion results (annual-mean regional fluxes based on XCO2-surface combined data) from the surface-data-only results were close to one another in some terrestrial regions where spatial coverage by each XCO2 dataset was similar. The mean of the five annual global land uptakes was 1.70.3 GtC yr(-1), and they were all smaller than the value estimated from the surface-based data alone. Key Points Differences in five recent satellite-based CO2 datasets were investigated Influence of CO2 data differences on surface CO2 flux estimation was assessed Impact on flux estimates varies with number density of available data C1 [Takagi, Hiroshi; Belikov, Dmitry; Bril, Andrey; Maksyutov, Shamil; Morino, Isamu; Oshchepkov, Sergey; Saito, Makoto; Uchino, Osamu; Yokota, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Yukio] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Houweling, Sander; Guerlet, Sandrine; Hasekamp, Otto] Netherland Inst Space Res, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, Sander] Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Andres, Robert J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Belikov, Dmitry] Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo, Japan. [Boesch, Hartmut; Parker, Robert] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, EOS Grp, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. [Butz, Andre] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, Leopoldshafen, Germany. [Oda, Tomohiro; O'Dell, Christopher W.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Oda, Tomohiro] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Valsala, Vinu] Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Takagi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. EM takagi.hiroshi@nies.go.jp RI Butz, Andre/A-7024-2013; Morino, Isamu/K-1033-2014; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Boesch, Hartmut/G-6021-2012; Belikov, Dmitry/I-9877-2016; OI Butz, Andre/0000-0003-0593-1608; Morino, Isamu/0000-0003-2720-1569; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; ANDRES, ROBERT/0000-0001-8781-4979 FU Japan Meteorological Agency [JRA-25]; Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry [JRA-25]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research programs; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; Emmy-Noether programme of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [BU2599/1-1] FX The GOSAT Project is a joint undertaking of three organizations: the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), and the Japanese Ministry of the Environment. The authors would like to thank the members of the GOSAT Project for their contribution to this work. The computational resources were provided by NIES. The meteorological data used in the forward transport modeling were provided from the cooperative research project of the JRA-25 long-term reanalysis by Japan Meteorological Agency and Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry. We thank P. Wennberg, R. Kivi, N. Deutscher, T. Warneke, R. Sussmann, D. Griffith, and J. Robinson for making their TCCON measurements available for this study. R. J. A. was sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research programs and performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC05-00OR22725. A. B. was supported through the Emmy-Noether programme of Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, grant BU2599/1-1 (RemoTeC). The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments that contributed to improving the manuscript. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2598 EP 2605 DI 10.1002/2013GL059174 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000049 ER PT J AU Rigby, M Prinn, RG O'Doherty, S Miller, BR Ivy, D Muhle, J Harth, CM Salameh, PK Arnold, T Weiss, RF Krummel, PB Steele, LP Fraser, PJ Young, D Simmonds, PG AF Rigby, M. Prinn, R. G. O'Doherty, S. Miller, B. R. Ivy, D. Muehle, J. Harth, C. M. Salameh, P. K. Arnold, T. Weiss, R. F. Krummel, P. B. Steele, L. P. Fraser, P. J. Young, D. Simmonds, P. G. TI Recent and future trends in synthetic greenhouse gas radiative forcing SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE inverse modeling; radiative forcing; synthetic greenhouse gas ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; MONTREAL PROTOCOL; ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENTS; EMISSIONS; HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; PERFLUOROCARBONS; LIFETIMES; HISTORY; HCFC-22; STATION AB Atmospheric measurements show that emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons are now the primary drivers of the positive growth in synthetic greenhouse gas (SGHG) radiative forcing. We infer recent SGHG emissions and examine the impact of future emissions scenarios, with a particular focus on proposals to reduce HFC use under the Montreal Protocol. If these proposals are implemented, overall SGHG radiative forcing could peak at around 355mWm(-2) in 2020, before declining by approximately 26% by 2050, despite continued growth of fully fluorinated greenhouse gas emissions. Compared to no HFC policy projections, this amounts to a reduction in radiative forcing of between 50 and 240mWm(-2) by 2050 or a cumulative emissions saving equivalent to 0.5 to 2.8years of CO2 emissions at current levels. However, more complete reporting of global HFC emissions is required, as less than half of global emissions are currently accounted for. Key Points Measurements of all the major synthetic greenhouse gases have been compiled These measurements have been used to infer recent global emissions trends Based on these trends, future emissions scenarios have been investigated C1 [Rigby, M.; O'Doherty, S.; Young, D.; Simmonds, P. G.] Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. [Rigby, M.; Prinn, R. G.] MIT, Ctr Global Change Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Miller, B. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ivy, D.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. [Muehle, J.; Harth, C. M.; Salameh, P. K.; Arnold, T.; Weiss, R. F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Krummel, P. B.; Steele, L. P.; Fraser, P. J.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Aspendale, Vic, Australia. RP Rigby, M (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Chem, Bristol, Avon, England. EM matt.rigby@bristol.ac.uk RI Rigby, Matthew/A-5555-2012; Krummel, Paul/A-4293-2013; Steele, Paul/B-3185-2009; OI Rigby, Matthew/0000-0002-2020-9253; Krummel, Paul/0000-0002-4884-3678; Steele, Paul/0000-0002-8234-3730; Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 FU UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/I021365/1]; NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the U.S. [NNX11AF17G, NNX11AF15G, NNX11AF16G]; NOAA; UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in the UK; CSIRO; Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia FX We are particularly indebted to the insights and input from Archie McCulloch, who provided guidance on the generation of emissions scenarios. We are very thankful to the staff at the AGAGE and NOAA sites for their continuing dedication to the production of high-quality measurements of atmospheric trace gases. Matthew Rigby is supported by an advanced research fellowship from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/I021365/1. The AGAGE research program is supported by the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program in the U.S. with grants NNX11AF17G to MIT and NNX11AF15G and NNX11AF16G to SIO, by NOAA, the UK Department of Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) and Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in the UK, and by CSIRO and the Australian Government Bureau of Meteorology in Australia. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2623 EP 2630 DI 10.1002/2013GL059099 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000052 ER PT J AU Long, MS Keene, WC Kieber, DJ Frossard, AA Russell, LM Maben, JR Kinsey, JD Quinn, PK Bates, TS AF Long, M. S. Keene, W. C. Kieber, D. J. Frossard, A. A. Russell, L. M. Maben, J. R. Kinsey, J. D. Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. TI Light-enhanced primary marine aerosol production from biologically productive seawater SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE marine aerosol; aerosol production; biogeochemistry ID ORGANIC-MATTER ENRICHMENT; SEA SPRAY AEROSOL; SIDE-SCAN SONAR; BREAKING WAVES; BUBBLES; SURFACE; SIZE; CARBON; WHITECAPS; INTERFACE AB Physical and biogeochemical processes in seawater controlling primary marine aerosol (PMA) production and composition are poorly understood and associated with large uncertainties in estimated fluxes into the atmosphere. PMA production was investigated in the biologically productive NE Pacific Ocean and in biologically productive and oligotrophic regions of the NW Atlantic Ocean. Physicochemical properties of model PMA, produced by aeration of fresh seawater under controlled conditions, were quantified. Diel variability in model PMA mass and number fluxes was observed in biologically productive waters, increasing following sunrise and decreasing to predawn levels overnight. Such variability was not seen in oligotrophic waters. During daytime, surfactant scavenging by aeration in the aerosol generator without replenishing the seawater in the reservoir reduced the model PMA production in productive waters to nighttime levels but had no influence on production from oligotrophic waters. Results suggest bubble plume interactions with sunlight-mediated biogenic surfactants in productive seawater significantly enhanced model PMA production. Key Points Surface ocean biogeochemistry mediates physics of marine aerosol production Diel cycles in biologically productive surface seawater mediate production Observations show chemical processes affecting mass and number production fluxes C1 [Long, M. S.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Long, M. S.; Keene, W. C.; Maben, J. R.] Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. [Kieber, D. J.; Kinsey, J. D.] SUNY Syracuse, Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Dept Chem, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA. [Frossard, A. A.; Russell, L. M.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bates, T. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Long, MS (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM mlong@seas.harvard.edu RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [OCE0948420, OCE-1129836]; SUNY ESF [OCE-0948216, OCE-1129896]; Scripps Institute of Oceanography [OCE-1129580]; Harvard University [AGS-1252755]; NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program FX We thank G. Henderson, I. Tyssebotn, D. Coffman, K. Schulz, D. Hamilton, J. Johnson, and M. Haserodt for their assistance in sample collection and analysis; V. Trainer for the loan and calibration of the fluorometer; and the captains and crews of the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown and the UNOLS R/V Atlantis for logistical support in the field. We also thank S. Loucaides, J. Willey, R. Kieber, and W. Miller for helpful discussions regarding marine chemistry. Primary financial support for this work was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards to the University of Virginia (OCE0948420 and OCE-1129836), SUNY ESF (OCE-0948216 and OCE-1129896), Scripps Institute of Oceanography (OCE-1129580), and Harvard University (AGS-1252755). Additional support was provided by the NOAA Atmospheric Composition and Climate Program. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 7 U2 51 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 7 BP 2661 EP 2670 DI 10.1002/2014GL059436 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AF8RJ UT WOS:000334983000057 ER PT J AU Davanco, M Hellberg, CS Ates, S Badolato, A Srinivasan, K AF Davanco, Marcelo Hellberg, C. Stephen Ates, Serkan Badolato, Antonio Srinivasan, Kartik TI Multiple time scale blinking in InAs quantum dot single-photon sources SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL 2-LEVEL SYSTEMS; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NANOCRYSTALS; RELAXATION; MOLECULES AB We use photon correlation measurements to study blinking in single, epitaxially grown self-assembled InAs quantum dots situated in circular Bragg grating and microdisk cavities. The normalized second-order correlation function g((2))(tau) is studied across 11 orders of magnitude in time, and shows signatures of blinking over time scales ranging from tens of nanoseconds to tens of milliseconds. The g((2))(t) data is fit to a multilevel system rate equation model that includes multiple nonradiating (dark) states, from which radiative quantum yields significantly less than 1 are obtained. This behavior is observed even in situations for which a direct histogramming analysis of the emission time-trace data produces inconclusive results. C1 [Davanco, Marcelo; Ates, Serkan; Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davanco, Marcelo; Ates, Serkan] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hellberg, C. Stephen] Naval Res Lab, Ctr Computat Mat Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Badolato, Antonio] Univ Rochester, Dept Phys & Astron, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. RP Davanco, M (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marcelo.davanco@nist.gov; steve.hellberg@nrl.navy.mil; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Ates, Serkan/M-6083-2014; Badolato, Antonio/E-9778-2015 FU Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program; University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; NIST-CNST [70NANB10H193] FX C.S.H. acknowledges the CNST Visiting Fellow program and support from the Office of Naval Research through the Naval Research Laboratory's Basic Research Program. M.D. and S.A. acknowledge support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and NIST-CNST, Award No. 70NANB10H193. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 16 AR 161303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.161303 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AH0GJ UT WOS:000335796900001 ER PT J AU Strayer, ME Binz, JM Tanase, M Shahri, SMK Sharma, R Rioux, RM Mallouk, TE AF Strayer, Megan E. Binz, Jason M. Tanase, Mihaela Shahri, Seyed Mehdi Kamali Sharma, Renu Rioux, Robert M. Mallouk, Thomas E. TI Interfacial Bonding Stabilizes Rhodium and Rhodium Oxide Nanoparticles on Layered Nb Oxide and Ta Oxide Supports SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; CO OXIDATION; GOLD NANOPARTICLES; HYDROXIDE NANOPARTICLES; SELECTIVE OXIDATION; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TANTALUM OXIDE; CATALYSTS; NIOBATE; MECHANISM AB Metal nanoparticles are commonly supported on metal oxides, but their utility as catalysts is limited by coarsening at high temperatures. Rhodium oxide and rhodium metal nanoparticles on niobate and tantalate supports are anomalously stable. To understand this, the nanoparticle-support interaction was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), and synchrotron X-ray absorption and scattering techniques. Nanosheets derived from the layered oxides KCa2Nb3O10, K4Nb6O17, and RbTaO3 were compared as supports to nanosheets of Na-TSM, a synthetic fluoromica (Na0.66Mg2.68(Si3.98Al0.02)O10.02F1.96), and alpha-Zr(HPO4)(2)center dot H2O. High surface area SiO2 and gamma-Al2O3 supports were also used for comparison in the ITC experiments. A Born-Haber cycle analysis of ITC data revealed an exothermic interaction between Rh(OH)3 nanoparticles and the layered niobate and tantalate supports, with Delta H values in the range -32 kJ center dot mol(-1) Rh to -37 kJ center dot mol(-1) Rh. In contrast, the interaction enthalpy was positive with SiO2 and gamma-Al2O3 supports. The strong interfacial bonding in the former case led to "reverse" ripening of micrometer-size Rh(OH)(3), which dispersed as 0.5 to 2 nm particles on the niobate and tantalate supports. In contrast, particles grown on Na-TSM and alpha-Zr(HPO4)(2)center dot H2O nanosheets were larger and had a broad size distribution. ETEM, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and pair distribution function analyses were used to study the growth of supported nanoparticles under oxidizing and reducing conditions, as well as the transformation from Rh(OH)(3) to Rh nanoparticles. Interfacial covalent bonding, possibly strengthened by d-electron acid/base interactions, appear to stabilize Rh(OH)(3), Rh2O3, and Rh nanoparticles on niobate and tantalate supports. C1 [Strayer, Megan E.; Mallouk, Thomas E.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Binz, Jason M.; Shahri, Seyed Mehdi Kamali; Rioux, Robert M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Tanase, Mihaela; Sharma, Renu] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tanase, Mihaela] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Rioux, RM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM rioux@engr.psu.edu; tem5@psu.edu RI BM, MRCAT/G-7576-2011; Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012 OI Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208 FU Department of Energy; MRCAT member institutions; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-1306938, DGE-1255832]; Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Catalysis Sciences Program [DE-FG02-12ER16364]; National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program through the University Of Maryland [70NANB10H026] FX X-ray absorption measurements were conducted at the research beam line 10-BM-B at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. M.E.S., J.M.B, R.M.R., and T.E.M thank MRCAT operations, which are supported by the Department of Energy and the MRCAT member institutions. High energy scattering was conducted at beam line 11-ID-B at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We thank Venkataramanan Ravi and Nella Marie Vargas-Barbosa for helpful discussions, Nicholas McCool for help with TEM imaging, Lymaris Ortiz Rivera and John Shrefler for help with zeta potential measurements, and Jeff Miller of Argonne National Lab for his support with EXAFS analysis. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation under grants DMR-1306938 and DGE-1255832. J.M.B. and R.M.R. acknowledge funding from the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Catalysis Sciences Program, under grant number DE-FG02-12ER16364. M.T. acknowledges support under the National Institute for Standards and Technology American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Measurement Science and Engineering Fellowship Program Award 70NANB10H026 through the University Of Maryland. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 134 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 15 BP 5687 EP 5696 DI 10.1021/ja412933k PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AF4BY UT WOS:000334657600034 PM 24654835 ER PT J AU Mozetic, M Ostrikov, K Ruzic, DN Curreli, D Cvelbar, U Vesel, A Primc, G Leisch, M Jousten, K Malyshev, OB Hendricks, JH Kover, L Tagliaferro, A Conde, O Silvestre, AJ Giapintzakis, J Buljan, M Radic, N Drazic, G Bernstorff, S Biederman, H Kylian, O Hanus, J Milosevic, S Galtayries, A Dietrich, P Unger, W Lehocky, M Sedlarik, V Stana-Kleinschek, K Drmota-Petric, A Pireaux, JJ Rogers, JW Anderle, M AF Mozetic, M. Ostrikov, K. Ruzic, D. N. Curreli, D. Cvelbar, U. Vesel, A. Primc, G. Leisch, M. Jousten, K. Malyshev, O. B. Hendricks, J. H. Kover, L. Tagliaferro, A. Conde, O. Silvestre, A. J. Giapintzakis, J. Buljan, M. Radic, N. Drazic, G. Bernstorff, S. Biederman, H. Kylian, O. Hanus, J. Milosevic, S. Galtayries, A. Dietrich, P. Unger, W. Lehocky, M. Sedlarik, V. Stana-Kleinschek, K. Drmota-Petric, A. Pireaux, J. J. Rogers, J. W. Anderle, M. TI Recent advances in vacuum sciences and applications SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE vacuum; surface; plasma; interface; nanoscience ID ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION; NONEVAPORABLE GETTER FILMS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; ION-INDUCED DESORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC-PRESSURE PLASMA; AUSTENITIC STAINLESS-STEEL; AGGREGATION CLUSTER SOURCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; QUANTUM-DOT LATTICES; SI NANOWIRE GROWTH AB Recent advances in vacuum sciences and applications are reviewed. Novel optical interferometer cavity devices enable pressure measurements with ppm accuracy. The innovative dynamic vacuum standard allows for pressure measurements with temporal resolution of 2 ms. Vacuum issues in the construction of huge ultra-high vacuum devices worldwide are reviewed. Recent advances in surface science and thin films include new phenomena observed in electron transport near solid surfaces as well as novel results on the properties of carbon nanomaterials. Precise techniques for surface and thin-film characterization have been applied in the conservation technology of cultural heritage objects and recent advances in the characterization of biointerfaces are presented. The combination of various vacuum and atmospheric-pressure techniques enables an insight into the complex phenomena of protein and other biomolecule conformations on solid surfaces. Studying these phenomena at solid-liquid interfaces is regarded as the main issue in the development of alternative techniques for drug delivery, tissue engineering and thus the development of innovative techniques for curing cancer and cardiovascular diseases. A review on recent advances in plasma medicine is presented as well as novel hypotheses on cell apoptosis upon treatment with gaseous plasma. Finally, recent advances in plasma nanoscience are illustrated with several examples and a roadmap for future activities is presented. C1 [Mozetic, M.; Ostrikov, K.; Ruzic, D. N.; Curreli, D.; Cvelbar, U.; Vesel, A.; Primc, G.; Leisch, M.; Jousten, K.; Malyshev, O. B.; Hendricks, J. H.; Kover, L.; Tagliaferro, A.; Conde, O.; Silvestre, A. J.; Giapintzakis, J.; Buljan, M.; Radic, N.; Drazic, G.; Bernstorff, S.; Biederman, H.; Kylian, O.; Hanus, J.; Milosevic, S.; Galtayries, A.; Dietrich, P.; Unger, W.; Lehocky, M.; Sedlarik, V.; Stana-Kleinschek, K.; Drmota-Petric, A.; Pireaux, J. J.; Rogers, J. W.; Anderle, M.] Int Union Vacuum Sci Tech & Applicat, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. [Mozetic, M.; Cvelbar, U.; Vesel, A.; Primc, G.; Drazic, G.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. [Ostrikov, K.] CSIRO Mat Sci & Engn, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. [Ruzic, D. N.; Curreli, D.] Univ Illinois, Nucl Radiat Lab 106B, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Leisch, M.] Graz Univ Technol, Inst Festkorperphys, A-8010 Graz, Austria. [Jousten, K.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Sect Vacuum Metrol, D-10587 Berlin, Germany. [Malyshev, O. B.] STFC Daresbury Lab, ASTeC Accelerator Sci & Technol Ctr, Warrington WA4 4AD, Cheshire, England. [Hendricks, J. H.] NIST, Thermodynam Metrol Sensor Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kover, L.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. [Tagliaferro, A.] Politecn Torino, Dept Appl Sci & Technol, I-10129 Turin, Italy. [Conde, O.] Univ Lisbon, Fac Sci, P-1749016 Lisbon, Portugal. [Silvestre, A. J.] Inst Super Engn Lisboa, P-1959007 Lisbon, Portugal. [Giapintzakis, J.] Univ Cyprus, Nanotechnol Res Ctr, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. [Buljan, M.; Radic, N.] Rudjer Boskovic Inst, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Bernstorff, S.] Elettra Sincrotrone, Basovizza, Italy. [Biederman, H.; Kylian, O.; Hanus, J.] Charles Univ Prague, Fac Math & Phys, CR-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. [Milosevic, S.] Inst Phys, Zagreb 10000, Croatia. [Galtayries, A.] Chim ParisTech ENSCP, UMR CNRS 7045, Lab Physicochim Surfaces, F-75005 Paris, France. [Dietrich, P.; Unger, W.] BAM Fed Inst Mat Res & Testing, D-12203 Berlin, Germany. [Lehocky, M.; Sedlarik, V.] Tomas Bata Univ Zlin, Ctr Polymer Syst, Zlin 76001, Czech Republic. [Stana-Kleinschek, K.] Univ Maribor, Fac Mech Engn, Inst Engn Mat & Design, SLO-2000 Maribor, Slovenia. [Drmota-Petric, A.] Kolektor Grp, R&D Dept, Idrija 5280, Slovenia. [Pireaux, J. J.] Univ Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium. [Rogers, J. W.] Idaho Natl Lab, Ctr Adv Energy Studies, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA. [Anderle, M.] Autonomous Prov Trento, Knowledge Dept, I-38122 Trento, Italy. RP Mozetic, M (reprint author), Int Union Vacuum Sci Tech & Applicat, Ave Renaissance 30, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium. EM miran.mozetic@ijs.si RI Unger, Wolfgang/A-9317-2009; Milosevic, Slobodan/A-3408-2010; Physics Department, ISEL/F-6664-2010; Lehocky, Marian/H-1981-2012; Conde, Olinda/A-2321-2011; Vesel, Alenka/I-3934-2014; Mozetic, Miran/K-8784-2014; Sedlarik, Vladimir/H-6362-2012; Kylian, Ondrej/C-6942-2008; Dietrich, Paul/A-1230-2010; Silvestre, Antonio/A-2652-2009 OI Lehocky, Marian/0000-0002-5368-5029; Unger, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7670-4042; Ostrikov, Kostya (Ken)/0000-0001-8672-9297; Conde, Olinda/0000-0003-0413-1967; Vesel, Alenka/0000-0003-3782-6001; Sedlarik, Vladimir/0000-0002-7843-0719; Kylian, Ondrej/0000-0001-6115-3471; Dietrich, Paul/0000-0002-2720-9918; Silvestre, Antonio/0000-0001-6517-6275 FU Slovenian Research Agency [P2-0082]; Australian Research Council and CSIRO OCE Science Leadership Programme (Australia); Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia [035-0352851-2856, 098-0982886-2895, 0980982886-2859]; Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [GACR 13-09853S]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0111]; Department of the Autonomous Province of Trento, New Szechenyi Plan [TAMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0019]; European Union; European Social Fund; German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi); EMRP participating countries within EURAMET FX This work was partially supported by Slovenian Research Agency (grant #P2-0082), the Australian Research Council and CSIRO OCE Science Leadership Programme (Australia), Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of Croatia (grant #035-0352851-2856, #098-0982886-2895 and #0980982886-2859), Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (grant #GACR 13-09853S), Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of Czech Republic (grant #CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0111), Department of the Autonomous Province of Trento, New Szechenyi Plan (grant #TAMOP-4.2.2.A-11/1/KONV-2012-0019 - the realization of this project is supported by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund). Financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi) through the programme Transfer von Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnissen (FuE) durch Normung und Standardisierung (TNS), and the European Union through the European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP) is highly appreciated. The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. NR 216 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 100 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 EI 1361-6463 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD APR 16 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 15 AR 153001 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/47/15/153001 PG 23 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AE1QN UT WOS:000333744400003 ER PT J AU Adimey, NM Hudak, CA Powell, JR Bassos-Hull, K Foley, A Farmer, NA White, L Minch, K AF Adimey, Nicole M. Hudak, Christine A. Powell, Jessica R. Bassos-Hull, Kim Foley, Allen Farmer, Nicholas A. White, Linda Minch, Karrie TI Fishery gear interactions from stranded bottlenose dolphins, Florida manatees and sea turtles in Florida, USA SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Fishery gear; Entanglement; Dolphins; Manatees; Sea turtles; Ingestion ID BLUE-CRAB FISHERY; RECREATIONAL FISHING GEAR; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SARASOTA BAY; MARINE MAMMALS; LATERAL-LINE; FUR SEALS; BY-CATCH; ENTANGLEMENT; MORTALITY AB Documenting the extent of fishery gear interactions is critical to wildlife conservation efforts, especially for reducing entanglements and ingestion. This study summarizes fishery gear interactions involving common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus truncatus), Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and sea turtles: loggerhead (Caretta caretta), green turtle (Chelonia mydas), leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii), and olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) stranding in Florida waters during 1997-2009. Fishery gear interactions for all species combined were 75.3% hook and line, 18.2% trap pot gear, 4.8% fishing nets, and 1.7% in multiple gears. Total reported fishery gear cases increased over time for dolphins (p < 0.05), manatees (p < 0.01), loggerheads (p < 0.05) and green sea turtles (p < 0.05). The proportion of net interaction strandings relative to total strandings for loggerhead sea turtles increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, life stage and sex patterns were examined, fishery gear interaction hotspots were identified and generalized linear regression modeling was conducted. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Adimey, Nicole M.; White, Linda] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. [Hudak, Christine A.] Ctr Coastal Studies, Right Whale Res Program, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. [Powell, Jessica R.; Farmer, Nicholas A.] NOAA Fisheries, Southeast Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Foley, Allen] Jacksonville Field Lab, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Jacksonville, FL 32218 USA. [Minch, Karrie] Sea Turtle Stranding & Salvage Network Indian Riv, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Adimey, NM (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, 7915 Baymeadows Way,Suite 200, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. EM nicole_adimey@fws.gov; chudak@coastalstudies.org; Jessica.Powell@noaa.gov; kbhull@mote.org; Allen.Foley@myfwc.com; nick.farmer@noaa.gov; Karrie.Minch@myfwc.com NR 114 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 11 U2 86 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 81 IS 1 BP 103 EP 115 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.02.008 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AG7VI UT WOS:000335626500025 PM 24613263 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Henry, TB Zhao, J MacCuspie, RI Kirschling, TL Dobrovolskaia, MA Hackley, V Xing, BS White, JC AF Petersen, Elijah J. Henry, Theodore B. Zhao, Jian MacCuspie, Robert I. Kirschling, Teresa L. Dobrovolskaia, Marina A. Hackley, Vincent Xing, Baoshan White, Jason C. TI Identification and Avoidance of Potential Artifacts and Misinterpretations in Nanomaterial Ecotoxicity Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES; AQUEOUS C-60 CLUSTERS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; CELL-CULTURE MEDIA; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS; IN-VITRO; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Novel physicochemistries of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) offer considerable commercial potential for new products and processes, but also the possibility of unforeseen and negative consequences upon ENM release into the environment. Investigations of ENM ecotoxicity have revealed that the unique properties of ENMs and a lack of appropriate test methods can lead to results that are inaccurate or not reproducible. The occurrence of spurious results or misinterpretations of results from ENM toxicity tests that are unique to investigations of ENMs (as opposed to traditional toxicants) have been reported, but have not yet been systemically reviewed. Our objective in this manuscript is to highlight artifacts and misinterpretations that can occur at each step of ecotoxicity testing: procurement or synthesis of the ENMs and assessment of potential toxic impurities such as metals or endotoxins, ENM storage, dispersion of the ENMs in the test medium, direct interference with assay reagents and unacknowledged indirect effects such as nutrient depletion during the assay, and assessment of the ENM biodistribution in organisms. We recommend thorough characterization of initial ENMs including measurement of impurities, implementation of steps to minimize changes to the ENMs during storage, inclusion of a set of experimental controls (e.g., to assess impacts of nutrient depletion, ENM specific effects, impurities in ENM formulation, desorbed surface coatings, the dispersion process, and direct interference of ENM with toxicity assays), and use of orthogonal measurement methods when available to assess ENMs fate and distribution in organisms. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Life Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Ctr Environm Biotechnol, Knoxville, TN 37932 USA. [Henry, Theodore B.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Forestry Wildlife & Fisheries, Knoxville, TN USA. [Zhao, Jian; Xing, Baoshan] Univ Massachusetts, Stockbridge Sch Agr, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hackley, Vincent] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacCuspie, Robert I.] Florida Polytech Univ, Nanotechnol Program, Lakeland, FL 33801 USA. [Kirschling, Teresa L.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dobrovolskaia, Marina A.] Leidos Biomed Res Inc, Frederick Natl Lab Canc Res, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Canc Res Technol Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [White, Jason C.] Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, Dept Analyt Chem, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Zhao, Jian/D-2798-2012; Nanotechnology Characterization Lab, NCL/K-8454-2012; OI Henry, Theodore/0000-0002-9675-9454; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499; Kirschling, Teresa/0000-0003-1695-0521 FU National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health [HHSN261200800001E]; EU [604602] FX Certain commercial equipment or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. The study was supported in part by federal funds from the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, under contract HHSN261200800001E. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. T.B. Henry acknowledges EU FP7-NMP-2013-LARGE-7 Project Number 604602. J.C. White also acknowledges USDA AFRI 2011-67006-30181. NR 233 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 13 U2 167 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 8 BP 4226 EP 4246 DI 10.1021/es4052999 PG 21 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AF4CG UT WOS:000334658400002 PM 24617739 ER PT J AU Prasad, K AF Prasad, Kuldeep TI High-pressure release and dispersion of hydrogen in a partially enclosed compartment: Effect of natural and forced ventilation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE High-pressure release; Dispersion; Hydrogen ID BUOYANCY; LEAKAGE; COMBUSTION; PLUMES; WIND AB The study of compressed hydrogen releases from high-pressure storage systems has practical application for hydrogen and fuel cell technologies. Such releases may occur either due to accidental damage to a storage tank, connecting piping, or due to failure of a pressure release device (PRD). Understanding hydrogen behavior during and after the unintended release from a high-pressure storage device is important for development of appropriate hydrogen safety codes and standards and for the evaluation of risk mitigation requirements and technologies. In this paper, the natural and forced mixing and dispersion of hydrogen released from a high-pressure tank into a partially enclosed compartment is investigated using analytical models. Simple models are developed to estimate the volumetric flow rate through a choked nozzle of a high-pressure tank. The hydrogen released in the compartment is vented through buoyancy induced flow or through forced ventilation. The model is useful in understanding the important physical processes involved during the release and dispersion of hydrogen from a high-pressure tank into a compartment with vents at multiple levels. Parametric studies are presented to identify the relative importance of various parameters such as diameter of the release port and air changes per hour (ACH) characteristic of the enclosure. Compartment overpressure as a function of the size of the release port is predicted. Conditions that can lead to major damage of the compartment due to overpressure are identified. Results of the analytical model indicate that the fastest way to reduce flammable levels of hydrogen concentration in a compartment is by blowing through the vents. Model predictions for forced ventilation are presented which show that it is feasible to effectively and rapidly reduce the flammable concentration of hydrogen in the compartment following the release of hydrogen from a high-pressure tank. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kildeep.prasad@nist.gov NR 48 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 EI 1879-3487 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 12 BP 6518 EP 6532 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.189 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA AF7MK UT WOS:000334899000024 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Khripin, CY Fagan, JA McPhie, P Ito, Y Zheng, M AF Zhang, Min Khripin, Constantine Y. Fagan, Jeffrey A. McPhie, Peter Ito, Yoichiro Zheng, Ming TI Single-Step Total Fractionation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Countercurrent Chromatography SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHIRALITY SEPARATION; GEL CHROMATOGRAPHY; RECOGNITION; EVOLUTION AB Development of simple processes to fractionate synthetic mixtures of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into individual species is crucial to many applications. Existing methods for single-chirality SWCNT purification are cumbersome, often requiring multiple steps and different conditions for different species. Here, we report a method to achieve total fractionation of a synthetic SWCNT mixture by countercurrent chromatography, resulting in purification of many single-chirality SWCNT species in a single run. This method is based on a tunable partition of sodium deoxycholate dispersed SWCNTs in a polyethylene glycol/dextran aqueous two-phase system. By running the mobile phase with 0.02% of sodium deoxycholate and a gradient of sodium dodecyl sulfate from 0.1% to 0.7% (w/w), we observe clear diameter-dependent elution, with similar to 90% total recovery. Among all the fractions collected, a number of them are enriched in single-chirality (9,4), (7,5), (7,6), (8,3), (6,5) species, while most of the remaining ones contain no more than 2-3 major species. We also observe strong (n,m)-dependent elution peak width due to the enantiomer-resolved partition. These results demonstrate countercurrent chromatography (CCC) as an effective way to obtain high purity (n, m) species, and suggest the potential of CCC as an analytical tool for chirality distribution mapping of synthetic SWCNT mixtures. C1 [Zhang, Min] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Pharm, Shanghai Key Lab New Drug Design, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Min; Ito, Yoichiro] NHLBI, Lab Bioseparat Technol, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Khripin, Constantine Y.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Zheng, Ming] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McPhie, Peter] NIDDK, Lab Biochem & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ito, Y (reprint author), NHLBI, Lab Bioseparat Technol, Biochem & Biophys Ctr, NIH, 31 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM itoy@nhlbi.nih.gov; ming.zheng@nist.gov OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU Intramural NIH HHS [ZIA HL005107-06, Z01 HL001054-05] NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 60 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 8 BP 3980 EP 3984 DI 10.1021/ac5003189 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AF4CC UT WOS:000334658000044 PM 24673411 ER PT J AU Yearley, EJ Godfrin, PD Perevozchikova, T Zhang, HL Falus, P Porcar, L Nagao, M Curtis, JE Gawande, P Taing, R Zarraga, IE Wagner, NJ Liu, Y AF Yearley, Eric J. Godfrin, Paul D. Perevozchikova, Tatiana Zhang, Hailiang Falus, Peter Porcar, Lionel Nagao, Michihiro Curtis, Joseph E. Gawande, Pradad Taing, Rosalynn Zarraga, Isidro E. Wagner, Norman J. Liu, Yun TI Observation of Small Cluster Formation in Concentrated Monoclonal Antibody Solutions and Its Implications to Solution Viscosity SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPIN-ECHO SPECTROSCOPY; PHOSPHOGLYCERATE KINASE; COMPETING INTERACTIONS; PROTEIN SOLUTIONS; SELF-ASSOCIATION; DYNAMICS; COLLOIDS; THERAPEUTICS; FORMULATION AB Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a major class of biopharmaceuticals. It is hypothesized that some concentrated mAb solutions exhibit formation of a solution phase consisting of reversibly self-associated aggregates (or reversible clusters), which is speculated to be responsible for their distinct solution properties. Here, we report direct observation of reversible clusters in concentrated solutions of mAbs using neutron spin echo. Specifically, a stable nnAb solution is studied across a transition from dispersed monomers in dilute solution to clustered states at more concentrated conditions, where clusters of a preferred size are observed. Once mAb clusters have formed, their size, in contrast to that observed in typical globular protein solutions, is observed to remain nearly constant over a wide range of concentrations. Our results not only conclusively establish a clear relationship between the undesirable high viscosity of some mAb solutions and the formation of reversible clusters with extended open structures, but also directly observe self-assembled mAb protein clusters of preferred small finite size similar to that in micelle formation that dominate the properties of concentrated mAb solutions. C1 [Yearley, Eric J.; Godfrin, Paul D.; Perevozchikova, Tatiana; Zhang, Hailiang; Nagao, Michihiro; Curtis, Joseph E.; Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yearley, Eric J.; Godfrin, Paul D.; Perevozchikova, Tatiana; Wagner, Norman J.; Liu, Yun] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Newark, DE USA. [Zhang, Hailiang] Univ Maryland, Inst Res & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Falus, Peter; Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Nagao, Michihiro] Indiana Univ, Ctr Explorat Energy & Matter, Bloomington, IN USA. [Gawande, Pradad] Theranos Inc, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Taing, Rosalynn; Zarraga, Isidro E.] Genentech Inc, Late Stage Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. RP Zarraga, IE (reprint author), Genentech Inc, Late Stage Pharmaceut Dev, San Francisco, CA 94080 USA. EM zarraga.isidro@gene.com; yunliu@udel.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012; Godfrin, Paul/P-8982-2015 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X; Godfrin, Paul/0000-0003-0546-0690 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [CBE-1265817]; NSF and National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences via NSF award [DMR-0936384]; Genentech Inc.; NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce [70NAB10H25] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0944772. This material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under CBE-1265817. I. Zarraga acknowledges helpful discussions on antibody diffusivity with Dr. Tom Patapoff at Genentech. The authors also acknowledge the use of instruments at CHESS, supported by the NSF and National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences via NSF award DMR-0936384. Dr. Richard Gillilan generously provided instrument assistance at CHESS.; Y. Liu and N. J. Wagner acknowledge funding support from Genentech Inc. and the support of cooperative agreement 70NAB10H256 from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 41 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 61 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 600 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE, 5TH FLOOR, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02139 USA SN 0006-3495 EI 1542-0086 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 106 IS 8 BP 1763 EP 1770 DI 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.02.036 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA AF2UF UT WOS:000334567300027 PM 24739175 ER PT J AU Bae, HD Yun, D Liu, HJ Olson, DA Yu, M AF Bae, Hyungdae Yun, David Liu, Haijun Olson, Douglas A. Yu, Miao TI Hybrid Miniature Fabry-Perot Sensor with Dual Optical Cavities for Simultaneous Pressure and Temperature Measurements SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Fabry-Perot (FP); fiber optics; optical sensors; optical signal processing ID HIGH-SENSITIVITY; FIBEROPTIC PRESSURE; DIAPHRAGM; INTERFEROMETER AB We present a novel hybrid miniature dual-cavity Fabry-Perot sensor for simultaneous pressure and temperature measurements. The pressure sensing cavity is composed of an UV-molded cavity covered by a metal/polymer composite diaphragm for achieving a high pressure sensitivity while maintaining a miniature sensor size. Another intrinsic polymer/silica cavity is adopted for temperature sensing, which enables a high temperature sensitivity even with a short cavity length due to the large thermal expansion of the polymer. The sensor is fabricated by using a unique UV molding process with simple and safe procedures. The overall sensor size is around 150 mu m in diameter and 343 mu m in length. Experimental studies show that the sensor exhibits a good linearity over a pressure range of 6.89 to 27.58 kPa with a pressure sensitivity of 0.0122 mu m/kPa at 26 degrees C, and a temperature range of 26.0 degrees C to 50.0 degrees C with a temperature sensitivity of 0.0029 mu m/degrees C. An optical signal processing method is developed to retrieve the two cavity length changes, which is demonstrated to have a better resolution and a faster speed than the conventional method. The sensor is expected to benefit many fronts that require simultaneous pressure and temperature measurements with minimum intrusiveness, especially for biomedical applications. C1 [Bae, Hyungdae; Yun, David; Liu, Haijun; Yu, Miao] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Haijun; Olson, Douglas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bae, HD (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wwjd0691@gmail.com; davidyunjr@gmail.com; liuhj@umd.edu; douglas.olson@nist.gov; mmyu@umd.edu RI Yu, Miao/M-6252-2013; Liu, Haijun/A-5060-2016; Bae, Hyungdae/D-8957-2011 OI Yu, Miao/0000-0003-4180-5094; Bae, Hyungdae/0000-0002-0202-7835 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [CMMI 1200420]; National Institute of Standards and Technology [70NANB12H211]; TEDCO MII Phase I Grant FX Manuscript received November 5, 2013; revised January 8, 2014 and February 19, 2014; accepted February 19, 2014. Date of publication February 23, 2014; date of current version March 26, 2014. This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant CMMI 1200420, National Institute of Standards and Technology under Grant 70NANB12H211, and TEDCO MII Phase I Grant. NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 62 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 EI 1558-2213 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 32 IS 8 BP 1585 EP 1593 DI 10.1109/JLT.2014.2308060 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA AE6LH UT WOS:000334103700003 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Todua, NG AF Irikura, Karl K. Todua, Nino G. TI Facile Smiles-type rearrangement in radical cations of N-acyl arylsulfonamides and analogs SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Joint European Stable Isotope Users Group Meeting (JESIUM) CY SEP 02-07, 2012 CL Leipzig, GERMANY ID MASS-SPECTRAL REARRANGEMENTS; SPECTROMETRY; SULFONES; ARYL; DERIVATIVES; DENSITY; METHAMPHETAMINE; PARAMETERS AB RATIONALE N-Alkylation of sulfonylbenzamides was reported recently to cause a dramatic and surprising change in electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS), leading to a closed-shell base peak. Only an incomplete, speculative mechanism was available at that time. The fragmentation mechanism is determined in the present work and set in the context of related compounds. METHODS Candidate reaction mechanisms were evaluated theoretically using modest density-functional calculations. The fragmentation mechanism with the lowest barriers was identified and one of its implications tested successfully by experimental O-18-isotopic substitution. RESULTS The amide oxygen atom attacks the arylsulfonyl group at the ipso position (Smiles-type rearrangement), displacing a molecule of SO2. The resulting carboximidate radical cation has a weak C-O bond that breaks easily. The incipient aryloxyl radical abstracts a proton from the amide nitrogen to form the dominant product ion, but if the molecule is N-alkylated this cannot occur. Instead, the neutral aryloxyl radical is lost and a closed-shell, N-alkyl nitrilium ion is the major product. CONCLUSIONS The Smiles-type ion fragmentation mechanism is facile for the title compounds, despite the necessity for carbonyl oxygen to serve as a nucleophile. This rearrangement probably occurs in many of the mass spectra reported for structurally similar compounds, in which the nucleophile may be a thione, arylthio, imine, methylene, or methine moiety. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Irikura, Karl K.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Todua, Nino G.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov FU Intramural NIST DOC [9999-NIST] NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 15 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 7 BP 829 EP 834 DI 10.1002/rcm.6850 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AD1IV UT WOS:000332988600019 PM 24573815 ER PT J AU Greene, PK Kirby, BJ Lau, JW Borchers, JA Fitzsimmons, MR Liu, K AF Greene, P. K. Kirby, B. J. Lau, J. W. Borchers, J. A. Fitzsimmons, M. R. Liu, Kai TI Deposition order dependent magnetization reversal in pressure graded Co/Pd films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED COMPOSITE MEDIA; PATTERNED MEDIA; DOMAIN-WALLS AB Magnetization reversal mechanisms and depth-dependent magnetic profile have been investigated in Co/Pd thin films magnetron-sputtered under continuously varying pressure with opposite deposition orders. For samples grown under increasing pressure, magnetization reversal is dominated by domain nucleation, propagation, and annihilation; an anisotropy gradient is effectively established, along with a pronounced depth-dependent magnetization profile. However, in films grown under decreasing pressure, disorders propagate vertically from the bottom high-pressure region into the top low-pressure region, impeding domain wall motion and forcing magnetization reversal via rotation; depth-dependent magnetization varies in an inverted order, but the spread is much suppressed. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Greene, P. K.; Liu, Kai] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Kirby, B. J.; Lau, J. W.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fitzsimmons, M. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Liu, K (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Phys, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM kailiu@ucdavis.edu RI Liu, Kai/B-1163-2008 OI Liu, Kai/0000-0001-9413-6782 FU NSF [DMR-1008791, ECCS-0925626]; DOE [DE-AC52-06NA25396] FX This work has been supported by the NSF (DMR-1008791 and ECCS-0925626). Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security LLC under DOE Contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 15 AR 152401 DI 10.1063/1.4871586 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AG0ZT UT WOS:000335145200031 ER PT J AU McComb, JC Coplan, MA Al-Sheikhly, M Thompson, AK Vest, RE Clark, CW AF McComb, Jacob C. Coplan, Michael A. Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad Thompson, Alan K. Vest, Robert E. Clark, Charles W. TI Noble gas excimer scintillation following neutron capture in boron thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS EMISSION SPECTRA; VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET REGION; RARE-GASES; EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET; CHARGED-PARTICLES; ALPHA-PARTICLES; HELIUM; LIGHT; DETECTORS; COUNTERS AB Far-ultraviolet scintillation signals have been measured in heavy noble gases (argon, krypton, xenon) following boron-neutron capture (B-10(n,alpha)Li-7) in B-10 thin films. The observed scintillation yields are comparable to the yields from some liquid and solid neutron scintillators. At noble gas pressures of 107 kPa, the number of photons produced per neutron absorbed following irradiation of a 1200 nm thick B-10 film was 14 000 for xenon, 11 000 for krypton, and 6000 for argon. The absolute scintillation yields from the experimental configuration were calculated using data from (1) experimental irradiations, (2) thin-film characterizations, (3) photomultiplier tube calibrations, and (4) photon collection modeling. Both the boron films and the photomultiplier tube were characterized at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Monte Carlo modeling of the reaction cell provided estimates of the photon collection efficiency and the transport behavior of B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction products escaping the thin films. Scintillation yields increased with gas pressure due to increased ionization and excitation densities of the gases from the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction products, increased frequency of three-body, excimer-forming collisions, and reduced photon emission volumes (i.e., larger solid angle) at higher pressures. Yields decreased for thicker B-10 thin films due to higher average energy loss of the B-10(n,alpha)Li-7 reaction products escaping the films. The relative standard uncertainties in the measurements were determined to lie between 14% and 16%. The observed scintillation signal demonstrates that noble gas excimer scintillation is promising for use in practical neutron detectors. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [McComb, Jacob C.; Al-Sheikhly, Mohamad] Univ Maryland, Nucl Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Coplan, Michael A.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Thompson, Alan K.; Vest, Robert E.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McComb, JC (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Nucl Engn Program, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) [NRC-38-09-934] FX The authors would like to thank the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) for its financial support (NRC Fellowship Grant No. NRC-38-09-934). NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 14 AR 144504 DI 10.1063/1.4871009 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AF4KI UT WOS:000334680400064 ER PT J AU Zentile, MA Andrews, R Weller, L Knappe, S Adams, CS Hughes, IG AF Zentile, Mark A. Andrews, Rebecca Weller, Lee Knappe, Svenja Adams, Charles S. Hughes, Ifan G. TI The hyperfine Paschen-Back Faraday effect SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Faraday effect; Zeeman shift; hyperfine splitting; magneto-optical effects; dispersion ID STRONG MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SATURATED ABSORPTION; ATOMIC VAPOR; SODIUM; RB; RESONANCE; REGIME; FILTER; LIGHT; PROBE AB We investigate experimentally and theoretically the Faraday effect in an atomic medium in the hyperfine Paschen-Back regime, where the Zeeman interaction is larger than the hyperfine splitting. We use a small permanent magnet and a micro-fabricated vapour cell, giving magnetic fields of the order of a tesla. We show that for low absorption and small rotation angles, the refractive index is well approximated by the Faraday rotation signal, giving a simple way to measure the atomic refractive index. Fitting to the atomic spectra, we achieve magnetic field sensitivity at the 10(-4) level. Finally we note that the Faraday signal shows zero crossings which can be used as temperature insensitive error signals for laser frequency stabilization at large detuning. The theoretical sensitivity for Rb-87 is found to be similar to 40 kHz degrees C-1 C1 [Zentile, Mark A.; Andrews, Rebecca; Weller, Lee; Adams, Charles S.; Hughes, Ifan G.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Knappe, Svenja] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zentile, MA (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, S Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. EM m.a.zentile@durham.ac.uk RI Hughes, Ifan/B-8261-2009; Adams, Charles/C-8808-2015; Weller, Lee/B-2073-2016 OI Hughes, Ifan/0000-0001-6322-6435; Adams, Charles/0000-0001-5602-2741; Weller, Lee/0000-0002-2022-7259 FU EPSRC [EP/H002839/1, EP/F025459/1]; Durham University; Ogden trust FX We acknowledge financial support from EPSRC (grants EP/H002839/1 and EP/F025459/1) and Durham University. The data presented in this paper are available upon request. RA was funded by the Ogden trust. NR 52 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD APR 14 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 7 AR 075005 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/47/7/075005 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE2IW UT WOS:000333797500009 ER PT J AU Galkin, A Kulakova, L Lim, K Chen, CZ Zheng, W Turko, IV Herzberg, O AF Galkin, Andrey Kulakova, Liudmila Lim, Kap Chen, Catherine Z. Zheng, Wei Turko, Illarion V. Herzberg, Osnat TI Structural Basis for Inactivation of Giardia lamblia Carbamate Kinase by Disulfiram SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Animal Models; Crystallography; Drug Discovery; Enzyme Inhibitors; Enzyme Structure; Parasite; Carbamate Kinase; Disulfiram; Giardia lamblia ID ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; METRONIDAZOLE; RESISTANCE; MECHANISMS; TINIDAZOLE; RADIATION; CHILDREN; DAMAGE AB Background: Carbamate kinase is an essential Giardia lamblia enzyme, and the anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram kills the trophozoites and inhibits the enzyme. Results: Disulfiram acts by modifying Cys-242 adjacent to the active site and cures giardiasis in mice. Conclusion:G. lamblia CK is a good drug target and disulfiram may be repurposed as antigiardiasis drug. Significance: We need new antigiardiasis drugs because current treatments fail frequently. Carbamate kinase from Giardia lamblia is an essential enzyme for the survival of the organism. The enzyme catalyzes the final step in the arginine dihydrolase pathway converting ADP and carbamoyl phosphate to ATP and carbamate. We previously reported that disulfiram, a drug used to treat chronic alcoholism, inhibits G. lamblia CK and kills G. lamblia trophozoites in vitro at submicromolar IC50 values. Here, we examine the structural basis for G. lamblia CK inhibition of disulfiram and its analog, thiram, their activities against both metronidazole-susceptible and metronidazole-resistant G. lamblia isolates, and their efficacy in a mouse model of giardiasis. The crystal structure of G. lamblia CK soaked with disulfiram revealed that the compound thiocarbamoylated Cys-242, a residue located at the edge of the active site. The modified Cys-242 prevents a conformational transition of a loop adjacent to the ADP/ATP binding site, which is required for the stacking of Tyr-245 side chain against the adenine moiety, an interaction seen in the structure of G. lamblia CK in complex with AMP-PNP. Mass spectrometry coupled with trypsin digestion confirmed the selective covalent thiocarbamoylation of Cys-242 in solution. The Giardia viability studies in the metronidazole-resistant strain and the G. lamblia CK irreversible inactivation mechanism show that the thiuram compounds can circumvent the resistance mechanism that renders metronidazole ineffectiveness in drug resistance cases of giardiasis. Together, the studies suggest that G. lamblia CK is an attractive drug target for development of novel antigiardial therapies and that disulfiram, an FDA-approved drug, is a promising candidate for drug repurposing. C1 [Galkin, Andrey; Kulakova, Liudmila; Lim, Kap; Turko, Illarion V.; Herzberg, Osnat] Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Chen, Catherine Z.; Zheng, Wei] NIH, Natl Ctr Adv Translat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Turko, Illarion V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Herzberg, Osnat] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biosci & Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM osnat@umd.edu RI Zheng, Wei/J-8889-2014 OI Zheng, Wei/0000-0003-1034-0757 FU National Institutes of Health [R56AI059733, 11XS049]; Science Applications International Corporation/NCI; Intramural Research Programs of the Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health FX This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant R56AI059733 (to O. H.) and Science Applications International Corporation/NCI, National Institutes of Health contract 11XS049 (to O. H.), and the Intramural Research Programs of the Therapeutics for Rare and Neglected Diseases, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (to C. Z. C. and W. Z.). NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 EI 1083-351X J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD APR 11 PY 2014 VL 289 IS 15 BP 10502 EP 10509 DI 10.1074/jbc.M114.553123 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AE8CI UT WOS:000334226400023 PM 24558036 ER PT J AU Sterling, JT Springer, AM Iverson, SJ Johnson, SP Pelland, NA Johnson, DS Lea, MA Bond, NA AF Sterling, Jeremy T. Springer, Alan M. Iverson, Sara J. Johnson, Shawn P. Pelland, Noel A. Johnson, Devin S. Lea, Mary-Anne Bond, Nicholas A. TI The Sun, Moon, Wind, and Biological Imperative-Shaping Contrasting Wintertime Migration and Foraging Strategies of Adult Male and Female Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus ursinus) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MIXED-LAYER DEPTH; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; ZOOPLANKTON DISTRIBUTION; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; VERTICAL MIGRATION; MARINE PREDATOR; ELEPHANT SEALS; COASTAL ORIGIN; PACIFIC EDDY; NE PACIFIC AB Adult male and female northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are sexually segregated in different regions of the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea during their winter migration. Explanations for this involve interplay between physiology, predator-prey dynamics, and ecosystem characteristics, however possible mechanisms lack empirical support. To investigate factors influencing the winter ecology of both sexes, we deployed five satellite-linked conductivity, temperature, and depth data loggers on adult males, and six satellite-linked depth data loggers and four satellite transmitters on adult females from St. Paul Island (Bering Sea, Alaska, USA) in October 2009. Males and females migrated to different regions of the North Pacific Ocean: males wintered in the Bering Sea and northern North Pacific Ocean, while females migrated to the Gulf of Alaska and California Current. Horizontal and vertical movement behaviors of both sexes were influenced by wind speed, season, light (sun and moon), and the ecosystem they occupied, although the expression of the behaviors differed between sexes. Male dive depths were aligned with the depth of the mixed layer during daylight periods and we suspect this was the case for females upon their arrival to the California Current. We suggest that females, because of their smaller size and physiological limitations, must avoid severe winters typical of the northern North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea and migrate long distances to areas of more benign environmental conditions and where prey is shallower and more accessible. In contrast, males can better tolerate often extreme winter ocean conditions and exploit prey at depth because of their greater size and physiological capabilities. We believe these contrasting winter behaviors 1) are a consequence of evolutionary selection for large size in males, important to the acquisition and defense of territories against rivals during the breeding season, and 2) ease environmental/physiological constraints imposed on smaller females. C1 [Sterling, Jeremy T.; Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Springer, Alan M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Iverson, Sara J.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Johnson, Shawn P.] Johnson Vet Serv, Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. [Pelland, Noel A.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lea, Mary-Anne] Univ Tasmania, Inst Marine & Antarctic Studies, Hobart, Tas, Australia. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sterling, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Jeremy.Sterling@noaa.gov RI Lea, Mary-Anne/E-9054-2013 OI Lea, Mary-Anne/0000-0001-8318-9299 FU NOAA's Undersea Research Program; NOAA's National Cooperative Research Program FX Principal financial support for this study was provided by NOAA's Undersea Research Program (http://www.nurp.noaa.gov). Additional crucial support was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov), Alaska Sea Life Center (http://www.alaskasealife.org), and the TEMPEST project funded by NOAA's National Cooperative Research Program (http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/ cooperative-research/index). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 74 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 23 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e93068 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0093068 PG 21 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AI5LS UT WOS:000336909100013 PM 24722344 ER PT J AU Lopez-Barron, CR Gurnon, AK Eberle, APR Porcar, L Wagner, NJ AF Lopez-Barron, Carlos R. Gurnon, A. Kate Eberle, Aaron P. R. Porcar, Lionel Wagner, Norman J. TI Microstructural evolution of a model, shear-banding micellar solution during shear startup and cessation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID WORMLIKE MICELLES; GIANT MICELLES; COMPLEX FLUIDS; SCISSION MODEL; RHEOLOGY; FLOW; SURFACTANT; TRANSITION; SALT; BIREFRINGENCE AB We present direct measurements of the evolution of the segmental-level microstructure of a stable shear-banding polymerlike micelle solution during flow startup and cessation in the plane of flow. These measurements provide a definitive, quantitative microstructural understanding of the stages observed during flow startup: an initial elastic response with limited alignment that yields with a large stress overshoot to a homogeneous flow with associated micellar alignment that persists for approximately three relaxation times. This transient is followed by a shear ( kink) band formation with a flow-aligned low-viscosity band that exhibits shear-induced concentration fluctuations and coexists with a nearly isotropic band of homogenous, highly viscoelastic micellar solution. Stable, steady banding flow is achieved only after approximately two reptation times. Flow cessation from this shearbanded state is also found to be nontrivial, exhibiting an initial fast relaxation with only minor structural relaxation, followed by a slower relaxation of the aligned micellar fluid with the equilibrium fluid's characteristic relaxation time. These measurements resolve a controversy in the literature surrounding the mechanism of shear banding in entangled wormlike micelles and, by means of comparison to existing literature, provide further insights into the mechanisms driving shear-banding instabilities in related systems. The methods and instrumentation described should find broad use in exploring complex fluid rheology and testing microstructure-based constitutive equations. C1 [Lopez-Barron, Carlos R.] ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. [Gurnon, A. Kate; Wagner, Norman J.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Neutron Sci, Dept Biomol & Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Eberle, Aaron P. R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Lopez-Barron, CR (reprint author), ExxonMobil Chem Co, Baytown, TX 77520 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X FU National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce [70NANB7H6178, 70NANB10H256] FX This paper was prepared under cooperative Agreements No. 70NANB7H6178 and No. 70NANB10H256 from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of NIST or the U.S. Department of Commerce. The Institut Laue Langevin (Grenoble, France) is acknowledged for the beam time allocated on D22. NR 50 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 EI 1550-2376 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 042301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.042301 PG 11 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA AE9EB UT WOS:000334306400004 PM 24827245 ER PT J AU Holmstrom, ED Nesbitt, DJ AF Holmstrom, Erik D. Nesbitt, David J. TI Single-Molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies of the Human Telomerase RNA Pseudoknot: Temperature-/Urea-Dependent Folding Kinetics and Thermodynamics SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ALTERNATING-LASER EXCITATION; DYSKERATOSIS-CONGENITA; TERTIARY STRUCTURE; SPLINTED LIGATION; SECONDARY; FRET; DYNAMICS; MONOVALENT; MUTATIONS; STABILITY AB The ribonucleoprotein telomerase is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that catalyzes the repetitive addition of a short, species-specific, DNA sequence to the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. The single RNA component of telomerase contains both the template sequence for DNA synthesis and a functionally critical pseudoknot motif, which can also exist as a less stable hairpin. Here we use a minimal version of the human telomerase RNA pseudoknot to study this hairpin-pseudoknot structural equilibrium using temperature-controlled single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments. The urea dependence of these experiments aids in determination of the folding kinetics and thermodynamics. The wildtype pseudoknot behavior is compared and contrasted to a mutant pseudoknot sequence implicated in a genetic disorder-dyskeratosis congenita. These findings clearly identify that this 2nt noncomplementary mutation destabilizes the folding of the wild-type pseudoknot by substantially reducing the folding rate constant (approximate to 400-fold) while only nominally increasing the unfolding rate constant (approximate to 5-fold). Furthermore, the urea dependence of the equilibrium and rate constants is used to develop a free energy landscape for this unimolecular equilibrium and propose details about the structure of the transition state. Finally, the urea-dependent folding experiments provide valuable physical insights into the mechanism for destabilization of RNA pseudoknots by such chemical denaturants. C1 [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Holmstrom, Erik D.; Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@colorado.edu FU National Science Foundation [CHE 1012685, PHY 1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology; National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant [T32 GM-065103] FX Funding for this work was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grants CHE 1012685 and PHY 1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. E.D.H. received funding from the National Institutes of Health Molecular Biophysics Training Grant (T32 GM-065103). NR 57 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 14 BP 3853 EP 3863 DI 10.1021/jp501893c PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AF2WJ UT WOS:000334572900010 PM 24617561 ER PT J AU Helser, TE Kastelle, CR Lai, HL AF Helser, Thomas E. Kastelle, Craig R. Lai, Han-lin TI Modeling environmental factors affecting assimilation of bomb-produced Delta C-14 in the North Pacific Ocean: Implications for age validation studies SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Age validation; Bayesian models; Hierarchical models; North Pacific Ocean; Bomb-produced radiocarbon; Carbon isotope Delta C-14 ID BAYESIAN HIERARCHICAL METAANALYSIS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AGING METHODS; RADIOCARBON; SEBASTES; OTOLITHS; GROWTH; FISH; PRECISION; ALASKA AB The bomb-produced radiocarbon (C-14) chronometer has become the gold standard for assessing the accuracy of otolith growth ring based fish age estimates. In the northeast Pacific Ocean, nearly a dozen age validation studies have been conducted, ranging from California to Alaska, most of which have relied on a single reference chronology from the Gulf of Alaska. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model using data sets of bomb-produced radiocarbon in the northeast Pacific Ocean and investigated whether latitude and upwelling exerts an influence on the parameters that describe the rapid Delta C-14 increase in marine calcium carbonates. Models incorporating both latitude and upwelling as linear covariates of a 4-parameter logistic model were favored based on Delta DIC statistics. There was substantial evidence to support that the timing of the Delta C-14 pulse was advanced and that total Delta C-14 uptake increased with increasing latitude. In contrast, increased oceanographic upwelling resulted in lower total radiocarbon input as well as a delay in the timing of the pulse curve, as was demonstrated in the upwelling dominated California Current System. Within the observed latitudinal and upwelling range of the data sets examined in this study the predicted timing of the bomb pulse curve varied by as much as 3 years, which could be misinterpreted as aging error. Our results suggest that new reference chronologies may be needed for regions of the North Pacific Ocean differing in latitude, seasonal upwelling strength and other mixing factors that can potentially change the functional form of the Delta C-14 curve. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Helser, Thomas E.; Kastelle, Craig R.] NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Lai, Han-lin] NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. RP Helser, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM thomas.helser@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 EI 1872-7026 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2014 VL 277 BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.011 PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AN UT WOS:000333775800010 ER PT J AU Thomas, JC Wafula, D Chauhan, A Green, SJ Gragg, R Jagoe, C AF Thomas, Jesse C. Wafula, Denis Chauhan, Ashvini Green, Stefan J. Gragg, Richard Jagoe, Charles TI A survey of deepwater horizon (DWH) oil-degrading bacteria from the Eastern oyster biome and its surrounding environment SO FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE deepwater horizon oil spill; oyster; bacteria; biodegradation; hydrocarbon ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; INTERGENIC SPACER ANALYSIS; SP-NOV.; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; COMMUNITY RESPONSE; HYDROCARBON SEEPS; VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; SPILL; ECOSYSTEM; BIODEGRADATION AB The deepwater horizon (DWH) accident led to the release of an estimated 794,936,474 L of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico over an 85 day period in 2010, resulting in the contamination of the Gulf of Mexico waters, sediments, permeable beach sands, coastal wetlands, and marine life. This study examines the potential response of the Eastern oysters microbiome to hydrocarbon contamination and compares it with the bacterial community responses observed from the overlaying water column (WC) and the oyster bed sediments. For this purpose, microcosms seeded with DWH crude oil were established and inoculated separately with oyster tissue (OT), mantle fluid (MF), overlaying WC, and sediments (S) collected from Apalachicola Bay, FL, USA. Shifts in the microbial community structure in the amended microcosms was monitored over a 3-month period using automated ribosomal intergenic spacer region analysis, which showed that the microbiome of the OT and MF were more similar to the sediment communities than those present in the overlaying WC. This pattern remained largely consistent, regardless of the concentration of crude oil or the enrichment period. Additionally, 72 oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from the microcosms containing OT, MF, WC, and S and identified using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and compared by principal component analysis, which clearly showed that the WC isolates were different to those identified from the sediment. Conversely, the OT and MF isolates clustered together; a strong indication that the oyster microbiome is uniquely structured relative to its surrounding environment. When selected isolates from the OT, MF, WC, and S were assessed for their oil-degrading potential, we found that the DWH oil was biodegraded between 12 and 42%, under the existing conditions C1 [Thomas, Jesse C.; Wafula, Denis; Chauhan, Ashvini; Gragg, Richard; Jagoe, Charles] Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Biotechnol Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. [Green, Stefan J.] Univ Illinois, DNA Serv Facil, Chicago, IL USA. [Green, Stefan J.] Univ Illinois, Dept Biol Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. [Jagoe, Charles] Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, NOAA Environm Cooperat Sci Ctr, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. RP Chauhan, A (reprint author), Florida A&M Univ, Sch Environm, Environm Biotechnol Lab, Suite 305B, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. EM ashvini.chauhan@famu.edu OI Green, Stefan/0000-0003-2781-359X FU Woodrow Wilson Foundation Doris Duke Conservation Fellowship; Department of Defense (DoD) [W911NF-10-1-0146, W911NF-10-R-0006]; National Science Foundations Historically Black Colleges and Universities Research Infrastructure for Science and Engineering (HBCU-RISE) initiative grant [0531523]; United States Department of Educations Title III program; NOAAs Educational Partnership Program [NA06OAR4810164]; Environmental Cooperative Science Center [NA06OAR4810164] FX Funding for this study was provided by the Woodrow Wilson Foundation Doris Duke Conservation Fellowship. Partial funding was obtained from Department of Defense (DoD) grants W911NF-10-1-0146 and W911NF-10-R-0006; National Science Foundations Historically Black Colleges and Universities Research Infrastructure for Science and Engineering (HBCU-RISE) initiative grant (No. 0531523); and United States Department of Educations Title III program. This work was also partially supported by cooperative agreement NA06OAR4810164 between NOAAs Educational Partnership Program and the Environmental Cooperative Science Center. We thank Florida State University professors- Dr. Joel Kotska and Dr. Markus Huettel for providing the BP Crude Oil used in this study. We also thank Megan Lamb for help in sample collection. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 50 PU FRONTIERS MEDIA SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 110, EPFL INNOVATION PARK, BUILDING I, LAUSANNE, 1015, SWITZERLAND SN 1664-302X J9 FRONT MICROBIOL JI Front. Microbiol. PD APR 9 PY 2014 VL 5 AR 149 DI 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00149 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AE8UM UT WOS:000334278200001 PM 24782841 ER PT J AU Menendez, E Dias, T Geshev, J Lopez-Barbera, JF Nogues, J Steitz, R Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Pereira, LMC Vantomme, A Temst, K AF Menendez, E. Dias, T. Geshev, J. Lopez-Barbera, J. F. Nogues, J. Steitz, R. Kirby, B. J. Borchers, J. A. Pereira, L. M. C. Vantomme, A. Temst, K. TI Interdependence between training and magnetization reversal in granular Co-CoO exchange bias systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC MULTILAYERS; ANISOTROPY; BILAYERS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; REFLECTOMETER AB The interdependence between training and magnetization reversal in granular Co-CoO exchange bias (EB) systems prepared by O ion implantation in Co thin films is demonstrated by polarized neutron reflectometry. While high-fluence O-implanted thin films show reduced relative training values and no asymmetry in magnetization reversal (all reversals take place by domain wall nucleation and motion), low-fluence O ion implantation results in an increased relative training and a magnetization reversal asymmetry between the first descending and the first ascending branches. Whereas the untrained decreasing field reversal occurs mainly by domain wall nucleation and motion, traces of a domain rotation contribution are evidenced in the increasing field reversal. This is explained by the evolution of the CoO structure and the contribution of the out-of-plane magnetization with ion implantation. The amount of incorporated O, which determines the threshold between both behaviors, is around 20 at.%. This reveals that the interdependence between training and magnetization reversal is insensitive to the morphology of the constituents (i.e., granular or layered), indicating that this is an intrinsic EB effect, which can be conveniently tailored by the interplay between the intrinsic properties of the investigated materials and ion implantation. C1 [Menendez, E.; Dias, T.; Pereira, L. M. C.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Dias, T.; Geshev, J.] Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. [Lopez-Barbera, J. F.; Nogues, J.] ICN2 Inst Catala Nanociencia & Nanotecnol, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain. [Nogues, J.] ICREA Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, Barcelona, Spain. [Steitz, R.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Menendez, E (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Inst Kern Stralingsfys, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM enric.menendezdalmau@fys.kuleuven.be RI Geshev, Julian/C-3295-2009; Nogues, Josep/D-7791-2012; Pereira, Lino/F-3565-2011; Dias, Thiago/A-8246-2011; The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF, ROBL/A-2586-2011; Menendez, Enric /E-2469-2016 OI Geshev, Julian/0000-0003-3730-3657; Nogues, Josep/0000-0003-4616-1371; Pereira, Lino/0000-0002-1426-9102; Menendez, Enric /0000-0003-3809-2863 FU Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO); KU Leuven Concerted Action [GOA/09/006, GOA/14/007]; Generalitat de Catalunya [2009-SGR-1292]; Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [MAT2010-20616-C02]; European Commission [283883]; FWO; CNPq agency [245897/2012-7] FX This work was financed by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), the KU Leuven Concerted Action (GOA/09/006 and GOA/14/007) programs, the 2009-SGR-1292 project of the Generalitat de Catalunya, the MAT2010-20616-C02 project of the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, and the European Commission under the 7th Framework Programme through the "Research Infrastructure" action of the "Capacities" Programme, NMI3-II Grant No. 283883. We thank HZB (Proposal No. PHY-04-2130) and ESRF (Proposal No. HC-1012, BM20 beamline) for the allocation of neutron and synchrotron radiation beamtime, respectively, and C. Bahtz for the assistance during the synchrotron measurements. E. M. and L. M. C. P. also thank the FWO for financial support. T. D. thanks the CNPq agency (Project No. 245897/2012-7) for financial support. NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 35 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 9 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 14 AR 144407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.144407 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AE6QV UT WOS:000334119500001 ER PT J AU Serebrov, AP Geltenbort, P Zherebtsov, OM Sbitnev, SV Varlamov, VE Vassiljev, AV Lasakov, MS Krasnoschekova, IA Ivanov, SN Pushin, D AF Serebrov, A. P. Geltenbort, P. Zherebtsov, O. M. Sbitnev, S. V. Varlamov, V. E. Vassiljev, A. V. Lasakov, M. S. Krasnoschekova, I. A. Ivanov, S. N. Pushin, D. TI Experimental search for long-range forces in neutron scattering via a gravitational spectrometer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID INVERSE-SQUARE LAW; EXTRA DIMENSIONS; CROSS-SECTIONS; GASES; TESTS AB In this work we introduce a method of measuring low-energy scattering cross section with a gravitational spectrometer. In this method we add atoms (i.e., He) to the gravitational spectrometer filled with a target gas of ultracold neutrons (UCN). We search for long-range forces between atoms and UCN by measuring transfer of a small recoil energy similar to 10(-7) eV using the gravitational spectrometer. As a result of this search we set new constraints on the strength of long-range forces within the range of the effective radius of interaction of 10(-7)-10(-4) cm. C1 [Serebrov, A. P.; Zherebtsov, O. M.; Sbitnev, S. V.; Varlamov, V. E.; Vassiljev, A. V.; Lasakov, M. S.; Krasnoschekova, I. A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. [Geltenbort, P.; Ivanov, S. N.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Pushin, D.] Univ Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Pushin, D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Serebrov, AP (reprint author), Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Leningrad Distr, Russia. EM serebrov@pnpi.spb.ru RI Serebrov, Anatoly/A-6771-2014; OI Serebrov, Anatoly/0000-0002-6734-038X; Pushin, Dmitry/0000-0002-4594-3403 FU Russian Foundation for Basic Research [08-02-01052a, 10-02-00217a, 10-02-00224a]; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation [02.740.11.0532, 14.740.11.0083] FX This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Projects No. 08-02-01052a, No. 10-02-00217a, and No. 10-02-00224a) and by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Contracts No. 02.740.11.0532 and No. 14.740.11.0083). We would like to thank T. Brenner for intensive and very helpful assistance during the experiment. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 EI 1089-490X J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD APR 9 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 044002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.89.044002 PG 11 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AE9BZ UT WOS:000334300300001 ER PT J AU Choi, J Hore, MJA Clarke, N Winey, KI Composto, RJ AF Choi, Jihoon Hore, Michael J. A. Clarke, Nigel Winey, Karen I. Composto, Russell J. TI Nanoparticle Brush Architecture Controls Polymer Diffusion in Nanocomposites SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GRAFTED-NANOPARTICLES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; SURFACES; INTERFACES AB We show that polymer diffusion in polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) is controlled by the architecture of polymer brushes grafted to hard spherical nanoparticles (NPs). At high grafting density, diffusing chains are excluded from the polymer brush leading to greater confinement. However, at lower grafting density, these chains penetrate the brush and diffusion is similar to the hard NP case, compared at the same NP loading. We calculate the effective interparticle spacing (IDeff) by modeling polymer penetration into the grafted brush using self-consistent field theory. When plotted against a confinement parameter (IDeff/2R(g), where R-g is the radius of gyration of the diffusing polymer), reduced diffusion coefficients (D/D-o) fall on a master curve independent of brush architecture. These findings show that brush architecture provides a new route toward controlling polymer dynamics and viscoelasticity of PNCs. C1 [Choi, Jihoon; Winey, Karen I.; Composto, Russell J.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Hore, Michael J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Clarke, Nigel] Univ Sheffield, Dept Phys & Astron, Sheffield S3 7RH, S Yorkshire, England. RP Composto, RJ (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM composto@seas.upenn.edu RI Hore, Michael/F-7534-2012 OI Hore, Michael/0000-0003-2571-2111 FU National Science Foundation NSF/EPSRC Materials World Network [DMR-1210379, EP/5065373/1]; Dupont Central Research and Development; NSF/MRSEC-DMR [11-20901]; Polymer Programs [DMR09-07493]; National Research Council (NRC) FX This research was primarily supported by the National Science Foundation NSF/EPSRC Materials World Network DMR-1210379 (R.J.C., K.I.W.), as well as EP/5065373/1 (N.C.) and Dupont Central Research and Development (R.J.C.). Support was also provided by the NSF/MRSEC-DMR 11-20901 (K.I.W., R.J.C.), and Polymer Programs DMR09-07493 (R.J.C.). M.J.A.H. acknowledges support from a National Research Council (NRC) Postdoctoral Associateship at the NIST Center for Neutron Research. The identification of commercial products or experimental methods does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. Helpful discussions with Prof. K. Schweizer (UIUC) and Dr. J. Meth (DuPont) are acknowledged. Ion scattering studies were assisted by Dr. D. Yates. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 57 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 47 IS 7 BP 2404 EP 2410 DI 10.1021/ma500235v PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AL0HF UT WOS:000338807300025 ER PT J AU Cook, JC AF Cook, Jeremy C. TI Concepts and Engineering Aspects of a Neutron Resonance Spin-Echo Spectrometer for the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neutron instrumentation simulations; neutron resonance spin-echo spectrometers; quasi-elastic neutron scattering ID HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FRESNEL INTEGRALS; BOOTSTRAP METHOD; SCATTERING; FIELDS AB Following a brief introduction, the Neutron Resonance Spin-Echo (NRSE) principle is discussed classically in Sec. 2. In Sec. 3, two idealized 4-coil NRSE spectrometers are discussed (one using single pi-flipper coil units and one using paired "bootstrap" coils); some idealized (exact pi-flip) expressions are given for the spin-echo signal and some theoretical limitations are discussed. A more quantum mechanical discussion of NRSE is presented in Sec. 4 and additional theory related to the spin-echo signal, including wavelength-dependence, is given is Sec. 5. Factors affecting the instrumental resolution are discussed in Sec. 6. In Sec. 7, a variety of engineering issues are assessed in the context of challenging performance goals for a NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) NRSE spectrometer. In Sec. 8, some Monte Carlo simulations are presented that examine the combined influences of spectrometer imperfections on the NRSE signal. These are compared with analytical predictions developed in previous sections. In Sec. 9, possible alternatives for a NCNR NRSE spectrometer configuration are discussed together with a preliminary assessment of the spectrometer neutron guide requirements. A summary of some of the useful formulas is given in Appendix A. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cook, JC (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeremy.cook@nist.gov NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 55 EP 211 DI 10.6028/jres.119.005 PG 157 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AG5IU UT WOS:000335453500001 PM 26601027 ER PT J AU Cho, TJ MacCuspie, RI Gigault, J Gorham, JM Elliott, JT Hackley, VA AF Cho, Tae Joon MacCuspie, Robert I. Gigault, Julien Gorham, Justin M. Elliott, John T. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Highly Stable Positively Charged Dendron-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZED AU NANOPARTICLES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION; UV-VIS DETECTION; CELLULAR UPTAKE; ACUTE CYTOTOXICITY; SIRNA DELIVERY; COLLOIDAL GOLD; DRUG-DELIVERY; STABILITY AB We report the development of a novel cationic dendron (TAG1-PCD) and a positively charged gold nanoparticle-dendron conjugate (PCD-AuNP). TAG1-PCD was designed by considering the reactivity, hydrophilicity, and cationic nature that is required to yield a stable gold conjugate in aqueous media. The PCD-AuNPs, nominally 10 nm in size, were synthesized by reduction of chloroauric acid in the presence of TAG1-PCD. The physicochemical properties of PCD-AuNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis absorbance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for investigation of size distribution, shape uniformity, surface plasmon resonance bands, and Au-dendron bonding. Asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation was employed to confirm the in situ size, purity, and surface properties of the PCD-AuNPs. Additionally, the stability of PCD-AuNPs was systematically evaluated with respect to shelf life determination, stability in biological media and a wide range of pH values, chemical resistance against cyanide, redispersibility from lyophilized state, and stability at temperatures relevant to biological systems. Dose dependent cell viability was evaluated in vitro using the human lung epithelial cell line A549 and a monkey kidney Vero cell line. Observations from in vitro studies are discussed. Overall, the investigation confirmed the successful development of stable PCD-AuNPs with excellent stability in biologically relevant test media containing proteins and electrolytes, and with a shelf life exceeding 6 months. The excellent aqueous stability and apparent lack of toxicity for this conjugate enhances its potential use as a test material for investigating interactions between positively charged NPs and biocellular and biomolecular systems, or as a vehicle for drug delivery. C1 [Cho, Tae Joon; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Gigault, Julien; Gorham, Justin M.; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elliott, John T.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X; MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 73 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 13 BP 3883 EP 3893 DI 10.1021/la5002013 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AF2WB UT WOS:000334572100028 PM 24625049 ER PT J AU Lamouroux, J Sironneau, V Hodges, JT Hartmann, JM AF Lamouroux, J. Sironneau, V. Hodges, J. T. Hartmann, J. -M. TI Isolated line shapes of molecular oxygen: Requantized classical molecular dynamics calculations versus measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID O-2 A-BAND; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; CLOUD INFORMATION; B-BANDS; SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMETERS; TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE; LINESHAPE AB We present comparisons between measured isolated line shapes of molecular oxygen in air at various pressures and those calculated, free of any adjusted parameter, using requantized classical molecular dynamics simulations (rCMDS). The measurements have been made for the R1Q2, P9P9, P11P11, P13P13, and P15Q14 transitions in the O-2 singlet-Delta band [a(1)Delta(g) <- X-3 Sigma(-)(g) (0,0)] by the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy technique. This work extends a previous study made for a single oxygen line [Phys. Rev. A 87, 032510 (2013)] and confirms the quality of this theoretical approach over broad ranges of pressure and rotational quantum number. Indeed, not only the collisional broadening coefficients but also the (small) deviations of observed line shapes with respect to the Voigt profile are accurately predicted. These results illustrate the viability of using the rCMDS method as a benchmark for the development and testing of simpler parametrized line profiles that are suitable for the analysis of underlying physical mechanisms and for atmospheric remote sensing applications. C1 [Lamouroux, J.; Hartmann, J. -M.] Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Paris Est Creteil & Paris Diderot, Inst PS Laplace, CNRS UMR 7583,LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Sironneau, V.; Hodges, J. T.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lamouroux, J (reprint author), Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Paris Est Creteil & Paris Diderot, Inst PS Laplace, CNRS UMR 7583,LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM jean-michel.hartmann@lisa.u-pec.fr FU French Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-12-PDOC-0012-01]; NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program FX J.L. and J.M.H. thank the Institut du Developpement et des Ressources en Informatique Scientifique for giving access to the IBM BLUEGENE/Q parallel computer. J.L. thanks the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche for financial support through the Project ASGGRS (ANR-12-PDOC-0012-01). J.T.H. and V.S. were supported by the NIST Greenhouse Gas and Climate Science Measurements Program. NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 042504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.042504 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE4XR UT WOS:000333991200003 ER PT J AU Lewison, RL Crowder, LB Wallace, BP Moore, JE Cox, T Zydelis, R McDonald, S DiMatteo, A Dunn, DC Kot, CY Bjorkland, R Kelez, S Soykan, C Stewart, KR Sims, M Boustany, A Read, AJ Halpin, P Nichols, WJ Safina, C AF Lewison, Rebecca L. Crowder, Larry B. Wallace, Bryan P. Moore, Jeffrey E. Cox, Tara Zydelis, Ramunas McDonald, Sara DiMatteo, Andrew Dunn, Daniel C. Kot, Connie Y. Bjorkland, Rhema Kelez, Shaleyla Soykan, Candan Stewart, Kelly R. Sims, Michelle Boustany, Andre Read, Andrew J. Halpin, Patrick Nichols, W. J. Safina, Carl TI Global patterns of marine mammal, seabird, and sea turtle bycatch reveal taxa-specific and cumulative megafauna hotspots SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE fisheries bycatch; trophic downgrading; longlines; gillnets; trawls ID SMALL-SCALE FISHERIES; PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY; CONSERVATION SCIENCE; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; FISHING EFFORT; BY-CATCH; MANAGEMENT; REDUCTION; IMPACTS AB Recent research on ocean health has found large predator abundance to be a key element of ocean condition. Fisheries can impact large predator abundance directly through targeted capture and indirectly through incidental capture of nontarget species or bycatch. However, measures of the global nature of bycatch are lacking for air-breathing megafauna. We fill this knowledge gap and present a synoptic global assessment of the distribution and intensity of bycatch of seabirds, marine mammals, and sea turtles based on empirical data from the three most commonly used types of fishing gears worldwide. We identify taxa-specific hotspots of bycatch intensity and find evidence of cumulative impacts across fishing fleets and gears. This global map of bycatch illustrates where data are particularly scarce-in coastal and small-scale fisheries and ocean regions that support developed industrial fisheries and millions of small-scale fishers-and identifies fishing areas where, given the evidence of cumulative hotspots across gear and taxa, traditional species or gear-specific bycatch management and mitigation efforts may be necessary but not sufficient. Given the global distribution of bycatch and the mitigation success achieved by some fleets, the reduction of air-breathing megafauna bycatch is both an urgent and achievable conservation priority. C1 [Lewison, Rebecca L.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Ocean Solut, Monterey, CA 93940 USA. [Wallace, Bryan P.] Ocean Soc, Marine Flagship Species Program, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Moore, Jeffrey E.; Stewart, Kelly R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Cox, Tara] Savannah State Univ, Marine Sci Program, Savannah, GA 31404 USA. [Zydelis, Ramunas] Danish Hydraul Inst, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. [McDonald, Sara; Boustany, Andre; Halpin, Patrick] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Sci & Conservat Program, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [DiMatteo, Andrew] US Dept Navy, Naval Facil Engn Command Atlantic, Norfolk, VA 23508 USA. [Dunn, Daniel C.; Kot, Connie Y.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm, Marine Sci & Conservat Program, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Bjorkland, Rhema] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, North West Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kelez, Shaleyla] EcOceanica, Lima 41, Peru. [Soykan, Candan] Natl Audubon Soc Headquarters, San Francisco, CA 94104 USA. [Stewart, Kelly R.] Ocean Fdn, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Sims, Michelle] Univ Bath, Dept Hlth, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Nichols, W. J.] Calif Acad Sci, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. [Safina, Carl] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Blue Ocean Inst, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Lewison, RL (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM rlewison@mail.sdsu.edu OI Dunn, Daniel/0000-0001-8932-0681 FU Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation FX We thank the many researchers who participated as expert panelists for their time and commitment to a time-consuming process. This work was also supported by numerous student research assistants at Duke University and San Diego State University, notably K. James. This work was part of Project Global Bycatch Assessment of Long-Lived Species (GLoBAL), supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. NR 70 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 15 U2 109 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD APR 8 PY 2014 VL 111 IS 14 BP 5271 EP 5276 DI 10.1073/pnas.1318960111 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE4VU UT WOS:000333985200056 PM 24639512 ER PT J AU Fossette, S Witt, MJ Miller, P Nalovic, MA Albareda, D Almeida, AP Broderick, AC Chacon-Chaverri, D Coyne, MS Domingo, A Eckert, S Evans, D Fallabrino, A Ferraroli, S Formia, A Giffoni, B Hays, GC Hughes, G Kelle, L Leslie, A Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M Luschi, P Prosdocimi, L Rodriguez-Heredia, S Turny, A Verhage, S Godley, BJ AF Fossette, S. Witt, M. J. Miller, P. Nalovic, M. A. Albareda, D. Almeida, A. P. Broderick, A. C. Chacon-Chaverri, D. Coyne, M. S. Domingo, A. Eckert, S. Evans, D. Fallabrino, A. Ferraroli, S. Formia, A. Giffoni, B. Hays, G. C. Hughes, G. Kelle, L. Leslie, A. Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M. Luschi, P. Prosdocimi, L. Rodriguez-Heredia, S. Turny, A. Verhage, S. Godley, B. J. TI Pan-Atlantic analysis of the overlap of a highly migratory species, the leatherback turtle, with pelagic longline fisheries SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE incidental capture; marine protected area; international collaboration; satellite tracking; mitigation; marine vertebrate ID DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MOVEMENTS; BYCATCH; CONSERVATION; OCEAN; TRACKING; THREATS; BRAZIL AB Large oceanic migrants play important roles in ecosystems, yet many species are of conservation concern as a result of anthropogenic threats, of which incidental capture by fisheries is frequently identified. The last large populations of the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, occur in the Atlantic Ocean, but interactions with industrial fisheries could jeopardize recent positive population trends, making bycatch mitigation a priority. Here, we perform the first pan-Atlantic analysis of spatio-temporal distribution of the leatherback turtle and ascertain overlap with longline fishing effort. Data suggest that the Atlantic probably consists of two regional management units: northern and southern (the latter including turtles breeding in South Africa). Although turtles and fisheries show highly diverse distributions, we highlight nine areas of high susceptibility to potential bycatch (four in the northern Atlantic and five in the southern/equatorial Atlantic) that are worthy of further targeted investigation and mitigation. These are reinforced by reports of leatherback bycatch at eight of these sites. International collaborative efforts are needed, especially from nations hosting regions where susceptibility to bycatch is likely to be high within their exclusive economic zone (northern Atlantic: Cape Verde, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Mauritania, Senegal, Spain, USA and Western Sahara; southern Atlantic: Angola, Brazil, Namibia and UK) and from nations fishing in these high-susceptibility areas, including those located in international waters. C1 [Fossette, S.; Hays, G. C.] Swansea Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Biosci, Swansea SA2 8PP, W Glam, Wales. [Witt, M. J.] Univ Exeter, Environm & Sustainabil Inst, Penryn EX4 4QJ, England. [Broderick, A. C.; Godley, B. J.] Univ Exeter, Ctr Ecol & Conservat, Penryn EX4 4QJ, England. [Miller, P.] Ctr Invest & Conservac Marina, Canelones 15008, Uruguay. [Nalovic, M. A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Nalovic, M. A.] Comite Reg Peches & Elevages Marine Guyne, Matoury 97351, French Guiana. [Almeida, A. P.] Jardin Zool Ciudad Buenos Aires, RA-1425 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Albareda, D.; Prosdocimi, L.; Rodriguez-Heredia, S.] Reg Program Sea Turtles Res & Conservat Argentina, RA-1876 Bernal, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Almeida, A. P.] ICMBio Reserva Biol Comboios, BR-29900970 Linhares, Brazil. [Chacon-Chaverri, D.] Asociac LAST, Tibas, Costa Rica. [Coyne, M. S.] SEATURTLE Org, Durham, NC 27705 USA. [Domingo, A.] Direcc Nacl Recursos Acuaticos, Montevideo 11200, Uruguay. [Eckert, S.] WIDECAST, Ballwin, MO 63011 USA. [Eckert, S.] Principia Coll, Biol & Nat Resources Dept, Elsah, IL 62028 USA. [Evans, D.] Sea Turtle Conservancy, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. [Fallabrino, A.; Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M.] Karumbe, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. [Formia, A.] Global Conservat Program, Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Giffoni, B.; Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M.] Fundacao Pro TAMAR, Salvador, BA, Brazil. [Hays, G. C.] Sch Life & Environm Sci, Ctr Integrat Ecol, Warrnambool, Vic 3280, Australia. [Kelle, L.; Turny, A.] WWF Guianas, Cayenne 97300, French Guiana. [Leslie, A.] WWF Int, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland. [Luschi, P.] Univ Pisa, Dept Biol, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Prosdocimi, L.] Univ Buenos Aires, FCEN, Dept Ecol Genet & Evaluc, Lab Genet Estructura Poblac, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Rodriguez-Heredia, S.] Fdn Mundo Marino, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Fossette, S (reprint author), NOAA, Div Environm Res, SWFSC, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM sabrina.fossette@googlemail.com; m.j.witt@exeter.ac.uk RI godley, brendan/A-6139-2009 OI godley, brendan/0000-0003-3845-0034 FU Large Pelagics Research Center through National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency award [NA04NMF4550391]; UK Defra Darwin Initiative; Shellshock Campaign (European Association for Zoos and Aquaria); UK Natural Environment Research Council; Wildlife Conservation Society; Gabon Sea Turtle Partnership; Marine Turtle Conservation Fund (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior); Canadian Sea Turtle Network; CNES; DEAL; European Union FX Work in Gabon was financially supported by the Large Pelagics Research Center through National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency award no. NA04NMF4550391, the UK Defra Darwin Initiative, the Shellshock Campaign (European Association for Zoos and Aquaria) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council. Sea turtle monitoring programmes in Gabon were financially supported by the Wildlife Conservation Society and by the Gabon Sea Turtle Partnership with funding from the Marine Turtle Conservation Fund (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior). Four of the satellite tags were deployed in Canadian waters by M. James (Dalhousie University) and the Canadian Sea Turtle Network, with the funding support of Canadian Sea Turtle Network leatherback field research provided by R. A. Myers, the Canadian Wildlife Federation, Environment Canada and WWF-Canada. Work in French Guiana was financially supported by CNES, DEAL and the European Union. NR 49 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 55 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 EI 1471-2954 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD APR 7 PY 2014 VL 281 IS 1780 AR 20133065 DI 10.1098/rspb.2013.3065 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AC2YV UT WOS:000332383100015 PM 24523271 ER PT J AU Naro-Maciel, E Gaughran, SJ Putman, NF Amato, G Arengo, F Dutton, PH McFadden, KW Vintinner, EC Sterling, EJ AF Naro-Maciel, Eugenia Gaughran, Stephen J. Putman, Nathan F. Amato, George Arengo, Felicity Dutton, Peter H. McFadden, Katherine W. Vintinner, Erin C. Sterling, Eleanor J. TI Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE feeding ground; marine turtle; Chelonia mydas; mixed stock analysis; ocean currents; control region ID CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLES; MARINE TURTLES; CARETTA-CARETTA; POPULATION-GENETICS; SATELLITE TRACKING; HAWKSBILL TURTLES; BAYESIAN METHODS; MIXED STOCKS; MIGRATION AB Population connectivity and spatial distribution are fundamentally related to ecology, evolution and behaviour. Here, we combined powerful genetic analysis with simulations of particle dispersal in a high-resolution ocean circulation model to investigate the distribution of green turtles foraging at the remote Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, central Pacific. We analysed mitochondrial sequences from turtles (n = 349) collected there over 5 years (2008-2012). Genetic analysis assigned natal origins almost exclusively (approx. 97%) to the West Central and South Central Pacific combined Regional Management Units. Further, our modelling results indicated that turtles could potentially drift from rookeries to Palmyra Atoll via surface currents along a near-Equatorial swathe traversing the Pacific. Comparing findings from genetics and modelling highlighted the complex impacts of ocean currents and behaviour on natal origins. Although the Palmyra feeding ground was highly differentiated genetically from others in the Indo-Pacific, there was no significant differentiation among years, sexes or stage-classes at the Refuge. Understanding the distribution of this foraging population advances knowledge of green turtles and contributes to effective conservation planning for this threatened species. C1 [Naro-Maciel, Eugenia] CUNY, Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. [Gaughran, Stephen J.; Amato, George] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Sackler Inst Comparat Genom, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Arengo, Felicity; Vintinner, Erin C.; Sterling, Eleanor J.] Amer Museum Nat Hist, Ctr Biodivers & Conservat, New York, NY 10024 USA. [Putman, Nathan F.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Corvallis, OR 97330 USA. [Dutton, Peter H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [McFadden, Katherine W.] Clemson Univ, US Geol Survey, South Carolina Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Naro-Maciel, E (reprint author), CUNY, Coll Staten Isl, Dept Biol, 2800 Victory Blvd, Staten Isl, NY 10314 USA. EM eugenia.naromaciel@csi.cuny.edu; nathan.putman@gmail.com FU NOAA [NA07NMF4540185, NA10NMF4540299]; Royal Caribbean Ocean Fund; Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare FX This research was approved by the American Museum of Natural History's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), under permits authorized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/NMFS permit no. 10027) as well as the PANWR, USFWS (USFWS special use permit nos. 12533-08013, 12533-09018, 12533-10008, 12533-11008, 12533-12008). Samples were collected by the AMNH under awards nos. NA07NMF4540185 and NA10NMF4540299 from NOAA. The statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NOAA, or the US Department of Commerce. The use of trade names or products does not constitute endorsement by the US Government. The study was also supported by grants from the Royal Caribbean Ocean Fund and the Regina Bauer Frankenberg Foundation for Animal Welfare. This is Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium publication number PARC-0099. NR 72 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 50 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 EI 1742-5662 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD APR 6 PY 2014 VL 11 IS 93 AR 20130888 DI 10.1098/rsif.2013.0888 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC2ZO UT WOS:000332385000003 PM 24451389 ER PT J AU Li, QL Xiong, HD Liang, XL Zhu, XX Gu, DF Ioannou, DE Baumgart, H Richter, CA AF Li, Qiliang Xiong, Hao D. Liang, Xuelei Zhu, Xiaoxiao Gu, Diefeng Ioannou, Dimitris E. Baumgart, Helmut Richter, Curt A. TI Self-assembled nanowire array capacitors: capacitance and interface state profile SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE nanowire array; capacitance; interface states; MOS ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES; SILICON NANOWIRES; CARRIER MOBILITY AB Direct characterization of the capacitance and interface states is very important for understanding the electronic properties of a nanowire transistor. However, the capacitance of a single nanowire is too small to precisely measure. In this work we have fabricated metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors based on a large array of self-assembled Si nanowires. The capacitance and conductance of the nanowire array capacitors are directly measured and the interface state profile is determined by using the conductance method. We demonstrate that the nanowire array capacitor is an effective platform for studying the electronic properties of nanoscale interfaces. This approach provides a useful and efficient metrology for the study of the physics and device properties of nanoscale metal-oxide-semiconductor structures. C1 [Li, Qiliang; Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Ioannou, Dimitris E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Xiong, Hao D.] South Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. [Xiong, Hao D.; Liang, Xuelei; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Semicond & Dimens Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liang, Xuelei] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Gu, Diefeng; Baumgart, Helmut] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Li, QL (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu; haoxiong941805@gmail.com; liangxl@pku.edu.cn RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 FU NIST [60NANB11D148]; NSF [ECCS-0846649]; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921904] FX The work described here was supported in part by NIST grant 60NANB11D148 and NSF grant ECCS-0846649. X Liang acknowledged the support of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, grant no 2011CB921904. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 29 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 EI 1361-6528 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 4 PY 2014 VL 25 IS 13 AR 135201 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/25/13/135201 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AC9MM UT WOS:000332858700002 PM 24584362 ER PT J AU Patrick, WS Cope, JM Thorson, JT AF Patrick, Wesley S. Cope, Jason M. Thorson, James T. TI Validating and Improving Life History Data in FishBase SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID REFERENCE POINTS; FISHERIES; MORTALITY; LENGTH AB Life history parameters of fish stocks are central to ecological research and management, including the fields of macro-ecology, fisheries science, and ecosystem modeling. The need for such information has led to several life history databases being developed to support and disseminate this information publicly. However, there has been little independent evaluation of the precision and accuracy of the life history values in these databases. This article summarizes a recent evaluation of FishBase, one of the largest and oldest life history databases, by distinguishing biases among seven life history parameters, two types of information available in FishBase (i.e., Entered vs. Generated data), and two taxa (i.e., Teleost vs. Chondrichthyan). In general, the study shows that certain types of information like data "entered" by experts are relatively accurate and precise, while empirically "generated" were not. We conclude with some ideas on how American Fisheries Society members can improve upon the data already available within FishBase. C1 [Patrick, Wesley S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Cope, Jason M.; Thorson, James T.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Patrick, WS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Wesley.Patrick@noaa.gov RI Thorson, James/O-7937-2014 OI Thorson, James/0000-0001-7415-1010 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 173 EP 176 DI 10.1080/03632415.2014.891504 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AF7PK UT WOS:000334906800011 ER PT J AU Baker, TA Grubisic, A Nesbitt, DJ AF Baker, Thomas A. Grubisic, Andrei Nesbitt, David J. TI Plasmon Mediated Multiphoton Photoemission Microscopy of Au Nanoholes and Nanohole Dimers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATION; RHODAMINE 6G MOLECULES; LARGE AG NANOCRYSTALS; ATOMIC LINE EMISSION; THIN GOLD-FILMS; NEAR-FIELD; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; NANOSPHERE LITHOGRAPHY AB Multiphoton photoernission from "nanoholes" and "nanohole dimers" fabricated by nanosphere shadow lithography in a thin Au film are investigated by ultrafast scanning photoionization microscopy (SPIM), which provides detailed information on laser polarization and local electric field enhancement effects for novel 2D plasmonic architectures. The net photoemission signals (at 800 nm) from isotropic nanohole monomers both (i) below (d << lambda) and (ii) comparable to (d approximate to lambda) the diffraction limit are insensitive to laser polarization, though SPIM images of the larger species clearly reveal strongly enhanced electron emission from nanohole tangent edges perpendicular to incident laser polarization. Fundamentally contrasting behavior is observed for intrinsically anisotropic plasmonic architectures such as nanohole dimers. Specifically, small nanohole dimers reveal enhanced electron emission for lambda = 800 nm light polarized perpendicular to the dimer axis, whereas larger nanohole dimers produce optimum electron yields for polarization parallel to the dimer axis at the same excitation wavelength. We find excellent agreement between the SPIM images for the four classes of nanostructures and detailed finite element simulations for photoemission, where the latter include (i) the spatial dependence of the electric field enhancement around the nanoobject and (ii) diffraction limited spatial resolution of the laser source. In general, these studies highlight multiphoton photoemission of nanoholes and nanohole aggregrates as sensitive benchmark systems for imaging local plasmonic field enhancements, which enables detailed characterization of nanobjects far below the diffraction limit. C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Grubisic, Andrej/P-2717-2014 OI Grubisic, Andrej/0000-0001-8236-0007 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [FA9550-12-1-0139]; National Science Foundation [CHE1012685, PHYS1125844]; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX This work has been supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-12-1-0139), with additional funds for optics, microscopy, and computer resources provided by the National Science Foundation (CHE1012685, PHYS1125844) and the National Institute for Standards and Technology. We also gratefully acknowledge D. Alchenberger for help with the metal deposition. NR 71 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 13 BP 6959 EP 6971 DI 10.1021/jp411943f PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AE8NM UT WOS:000334258600047 ER PT J AU Seung, CK AF Seung, Chang K. TI MEASURING SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF SHOCKS TO THE ALASKA ECONOMY: AN INTER-REGIONAL SOCIAL ACCOUNTING MATRIX (IRSAM) MODEL APPROACH SO ECONOMIC SYSTEMS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Multiplier decomposition; Spillover effects; Inter-regional SAM AB An inter-regional social accounting matrix (IRSAM) model is used to estimate the spillover effects occurring between economies of two US regions - (i) Alaska, which depends heavily on imports of commodities and factors of production from outside the region, and (ii) the rest of the US (RoUS). Multiplier decomposition is used to calculate intra-regional multipliers and spillover effects between the two regions. Results show that a significant percentage (46.3-70.8%) of the total secondary impacts of a shock to Alaskan industries leaks out of Alaska and flows to the RoUS. An analysis of household multipliers indicates that over 60% of the total secondary effects of an increase in Alaska household income accrues to the RoUS households. Policymakers are concerned with identifying the magnitude, nature, and geographic distribution of economic impacts from the policies they implement. The IRSAM model provides the framework for a better understanding of the intra-regional and spillover effects of policies. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Seung, CK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fisheries Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chang.seung@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0953-5314 EI 1469-5758 J9 ECON SYST RES JI Econ. Syst. Res. PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 2 BP 224 EP 238 DI 10.1080/09535314.2013.803039 PG 15 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA AE4LP UT WOS:000333954200007 ER PT J AU Frost, DA McAuley, WC Kluver, B Wastel, M Maynard, D Flagg, TA AF Frost, Deborah A. McAuley, W. Carlin Kluver, Bryon Wastel, Mike Maynard, Desmond Flagg, Thomas A. TI Methods and Accuracy of Sexing Sockeye Salmon Using Ultrasound for Captive Broodstock Management SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article ID MATURATIONAL STATUS; PACIFIC SALMON; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; STOCKS AB Ultrasound has been widely used to noninvasively examine the internal anatomy and reproductive status of many fish species. Since 2003, ultrasonography has been an integral part of broodstock management for Endangered Species Act-listed endangered Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka. Initial ultrasound screenings for each year's broodstock were conducted 3 to 4 months prior to anticipated maturation, before external signs of maturation developed. In keeping with the natural life history of these fish, this permitted the separation of nonmaturing fish from maturing fish so the immature fish could maintain feeding and growth. It also permitted maturing seawater-reared fish to be transferred to freshwater for final maturation. Designing a spawning matrix to maintain genetic diversity requires knowledge of the sex of each fish before spawning. Approximately 1 month prior to spawning, a second ultrasound was performed to verify sex identification and thus ensure the accuracy of the spawning matrix. Over a 9-year period, 2,662 fish were examined. The accuracy of sexing age-3 adult Sockeye Salmon ranged from 94.0% to 100%, with an average of 97.7%, while the accuracy of sexing age-4 adult fish ranged from 92.0% to 100%, with an average of 94.4%. The average accuracy was similar for fish examined in seawater or freshwater (98.1% versus 97.3%, respectively). Ultrasound was shown to be an accurate and effective tool for managing the husbandry of our captive broodstock life history. Received September 13, 2013; accepted January 2, 2014 C1 [Frost, Deborah A.; McAuley, W. Carlin; Kluver, Bryon; Wastel, Mike; Maynard, Desmond; Flagg, Thomas A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Frost, DA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm & Fisheries Sci Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM debbie.frost@noaa.gov FU BPA FX This Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon gene rescue program is a cooperative between NMFS, the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the Shoshone Bannock Tribes, and others involved with salmon conservation in the Columbia River Basin. The program is funded by the BPA and coordinated through the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's Fish and Wildlife Program. Mention of specific products does not constitute endorsement by NOAA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1522-2055 EI 1548-8454 J9 N AM J AQUACULT JI N. Am. J. Aqualcult. PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 76 IS 2 BP 153 EP 158 DI 10.1080/15222055.2014.886647 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AE9NE UT WOS:000334333700009 ER PT J AU Howard-Reed, C Liu, Z Cox, S Leber, D Samarov, D Little, JC AF Howard-Reed, Cynthia Liu, Zhe Cox, Steven Leber, Dennis Samarov, Dan Little, John C. TI Diffusion-controlled toluene reference material for VOC emissions testing: International interlaboratory study SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The measurement of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from building products and materials by manufacturers and testing laboratories, and the use of the test results for labeling programs, continue to expand. One issue that hinders wide acceptance for chamber product testing is the lack of a reference material to validate test chamber performance. To meet this need, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Virginia Tech (VT) have developed a prototype reference material that emits a single VOC similar to the emissions of a diffusion-controlled building product source with a dynamic emissions profile. The prototype material has undergone extensive testing at NIST and a pilot interlaboratory study (ILS) with four laboratories. The next development step is an evaluation of the prototype source in multiple-sized chambers of 14 laboratories in seven countries. Each laboratory was provided duplicate specimens and a test protocol. Study results identified significant issues related to the need to store the source at a subzero Celsius temperature until tested and possible inconsistencies in large chambers. For laboratories using a small chamber and meeting all the test method criteria, the results were very encouraging with relative standard deviations ranging from 5% to 10% across the laboratories. Implications: Currently, the chamber performance of laboratories conducting product VOC emissions testing is assessed through interlaboratory studies (ILS) using a source with an unknown emission rate. As a result, laboratory proficiency can only be based on the mean and standard deviation of emission rates measured by the participating ILS laboratories. A reference material with a known emission rate has the potential to provide an independent assessment of laboratory performance as well as improve the quality of interlaboratory studies. Several international laboratories with different chamber testing systems demonstrated the ability to measure the emission rate of such a reference material within an acceptable measurement uncertainty. C1 [Howard-Reed, Cynthia] NIST, IAQ & Ventilat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leber, Dennis; Samarov, Dan] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Zhe; Cox, Steven] Virginia Tech, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA USA. [Little, John C.] Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA USA. RP Howard-Reed, C (reprint author), NIST, IAQ & Ventilat Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8633, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chreed75@gmail.com RI Little, John/B-4154-2009 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 18 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1096-2247 EI 2162-2906 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 468 EP 480 DI 10.1080/10962247.2013.869274 PG 13 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5QW UT WOS:000334044800009 PM 24843917 ER PT J AU Blackley, CL Julienne, PS Hutson, JM AF Blackley, Caroline L. Julienne, Paul S. Hutson, Jeremy M. TI Effective-range approximations for resonant scattering of cold atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; QUANTUM-DEFECT ANALYSIS; FEW-BODY SYSTEMS; FESHBACH RESONANCES; DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; OPTICAL LATTICES; NOBEL LECTURE; COLLISIONS; GAS; LENGTH AB Studies of cold atom collisions and few-body interactions often require the energy dependence of the scattering phase shift, which is usually expressed in terms of an effective-range expansion. We use accurate coupled-channel calculations on Li-6, K-39, and Cs-133 to explore the behavior of the effective range in the vicinity of both broad and narrow Feshbach resonances. We show that commonly used expressions for the effective range break down dramatically for narrow resonances and near the zero crossings of broad resonances. We present an alternative parametrization of the effective range that is accurate through both the pole and the zero crossing for both broad and narrow resonances. However, the effective-range expansion can still fail at quite low collision energies, particularly around narrow resonances. We demonstrate that an analytical form of an energy and magnetic-field-dependent phase shift, based on multichannel quantum defect theory, gives accurate results for the energy-dependent scattering length. C1 [Blackley, Caroline L.; Hutson, Jeremy M.] Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Blackley, CL (reprint author), Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Joint Quantum Ctr JQC Durham Newcastle, South Rd, Durham DH1 3LE, England. RI Hutson, Jeremy/F-4748-2012; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Hutson, Jeremy/0000-0002-4344-6622; Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU European Office of Aerospace Research and Development [FA8655-10-1-3033]; Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative [FA9550-09-1-0617]; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/I012044/1]; Durham University FX The authors are grateful to Yujun Wang for discussions. The authors acknowledge the support of the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development under Grant No. FA8655-10-1-3033, the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative FA9550-09-1-0617, and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council under Grant No. EP/I012044/1. C.L.B. is supported by a Doctoral Fellowship from Durham University. NR 64 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR 3 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 4 AR 042701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.042701 PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE0ZF UT WOS:000333694200003 ER PT J AU Mootz, M Kira, M Koch, SW Almand-Hunter, AE Cundiff, ST AF Mootz, M. Kira, M. Koch, S. W. Almand-Hunter, A. E. Cundiff, S. T. TI Characterizing biexciton coherences with quantum spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SQUEEZED STATES; LIGHT; DOT; VACUUM; PHASE; LASER; ATOM AB The biexciton resonance in the absorption spectra of semiconductor quantum wells is analyzed with quantumoptical spectroscopy by projecting experimental pump-probe measurements into quantum-optical absorption spectra. More specifically, the measurements are converted into phase-space distributions using the clusterexpansion transformation. The quantum-optical responses can then be projected with full convergence, despite the unavoidable experimental noise. The calculations show that classical and quantum excitations produce significantly different results for the biexciton resonance. In particular, quantum-optical spectroscopy monitors the excitation-induced broadening of the biexciton resonance as a function of pump intensity much more sensitively than classical spectroscopy does. C1 [Mootz, M.; Kira, M.; Koch, S. W.] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Almand-Hunter, A. E.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mootz, M (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM martin.mootz@physik.uni-marburg.de RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Kira, Mackillo/G-5812-2015 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [KI 917/2-1]; NIST; NSF [1125844]; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX The work in Marburg is supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Grant No. KI 917/2-1. The work at JILA is supported by NIST and the NSF under Grant No. 1125844. S.T.C. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. M.K., A.E.H., and S.T.C. thank R.P. Smith for fruitful discussions in developing quantum spectroscopy. NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR 2 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 15 AR 155301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.155301 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AE0OQ UT WOS:000333666000003 ER PT J AU Chadwick, MB Dupont, E Bauge, E Blokhin, A Bouland, O Brown, DA Capote, R Carlson, A Danon, Y De St Jean, C Dunn, M Fischer, U Forrest, RA Frankle, SC Fukahori, T Ge, Z Grimes, SM Hale, GM Herman, M Ignatyuk, A Ishikawa, M Iwamoto, N Iwamoto, O Jandel, M Jacqmin, R Kawano, T Kunieda, S Kahler, A Kiedrowski, B Kodeli, I Koning, AJ Leal, L Lee, YO Lestone, JP Lubitz, C MacInnes, M McNabb, D McKnight, R Moxon, M Mughabghab, S Noguere, G Palmiotti, G Plompen, A Pritychenko, B Pronyaev, V Rochman, D Romain, P Roubtsov, D Schillebeeckx, P Salvatores, M Simakov, S Soukhovitskii, ES Sublet, JC Talou, P Thompson, I Trkov, A Vogt, R van der Marck, S AF Chadwick, M. B. Dupont, E. Bauge, E. Blokhin, A. Bouland, O. Brown, D. A. Capote, R. Carlson, A. Danon, Y. De St Jean, C. Dunn, M. Fischer, U. Forrest, R. A. Frankle, S. C. Fukahori, T. Ge, Z. Grimes, S. M. Hale, G. M. Herman, M. Ignatyuk, A. Ishikawa, M. Iwamoto, N. Iwamoto, O. Jandel, M. Jacqmin, R. Kawano, T. Kunieda, S. Kahler, A. Kiedrowski, B. Kodeli, I. Koning, A. J. Leal, L. Lee, Y. O. Lestone, J. P. Lubitz, C. MacInnes, M. McNabb, D. McKnight, R. Moxon, M. Mughabghab, S. Noguere, G. Palmiotti, G. Plompen, A. Pritychenko, B. Pronyaev, V. Rochman, D. Romain, P. Roubtsov, D. Schillebeeckx, P. Salvatores, M. Simakov, S. Soukhovitskii, E. Sh. Sublet, J. C. Talou, P. Thompson, I. Trkov, A. Vogt, R. van der Marck, S. TI The CIELO Collaboration: Neutron Reactions on H-1, O-16, Fe-56, U-235,U-238, and Pu-239 SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID NUCLEAR-DATA LIBRARY; CROSS-SECTION MEASUREMENTS; PARTIAL-WAVE ANALYSIS; R-MATRIX ANALYSIS; SPONTANEOUS FISSION; LOS-ALAMOS; SPECTRA; ENDF/B-VII.1; JENDL-4.0; U-235 AB CIELO (Collaborative International Evaluated Library Organization) provides a new working paradigm to facilitate evaluated nuclear reaction data advances. It brings together experts from across the international nuclear reaction data community to identify and document discrepancies among existing evaluated data libraries, measured data, and model calculation interpretations, and aims to make progress in reconciling these discrepancies to create more accurate ENDF-formatted files. The focus will initially be on a small number of the highest-priority isotopes, namely H-1, O-16, Fe-56, U-235,U-238, and Pu-239. This paper identifies discrepancies between various evaluations of the highest priority isotopes, and was commissioned by the OECD's Nuclear Energy Agency WPEC (Working Party on International Nuclear Data Evaluation Co-operation) during a meeting held in May 2012. The evaluated data for these materials in the existing nuclear data libraries - ENDF/B-VII. 1, JEFF-3.1, JENDL-4.0, CENDL-3.1, ROSFOND, IRDFF 1.0 - are reviewed, discrepancies are identified, and some integral properties are given. The paper summarizes a program of nuclear science and computational work needed to create the new CIELO nuclear data evaluations. C1 [Chadwick, M. B.; Hale, G. M.; Jandel, M.; Jacqmin, R.; Kawano, T.; Kahler, A.; Kiedrowski, B.; Lestone, J. P.; MacInnes, M.; Talou, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Dupont, E.] Nucl Energy Agcy, OECD, Issy Les Moulineaux, France. [Bauge, E.; Romain, P.] CEA, DAM Ile France, F-91297 Arpajon, France. [Blokhin, A.; Ignatyuk, A.; Pronyaev, V.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. [Bouland, O.; De St Jean, C.; Salvatores, M.] CEA, Nucl Energy Div, Cadarache, St Paul Lez Dur, France. [Brown, D. A.; Herman, M.; Mughabghab, S.; Pritychenko, B.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Capote, R.; Forrest, R. A.; Simakov, S.] IAEA, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Carlson, A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Danon, Y.] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY USA. [Dunn, M.; Leal, L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Fischer, U.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Fukahori, T.; Ishikawa, M.; Iwamoto, N.; Iwamoto, O.; Kunieda, S.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan. [Ge, Z.] China Inst Atom Energy, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Grimes, S. M.] Ohio Univ, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Kodeli, I.; Trkov, A.] Jozef Stefan Inst, Ljubljana, Slovenia. [Koning, A. J.; Rochman, D.; van der Marck, S.] Nucl Res & Consultancy Grp, Petten, Netherlands. [Lee, Y. O.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Lubitz, C.] Knolls Atom Power Lab, Schenectady, NY 12309 USA. [McNabb, D.; Thompson, I.; Vogt, R.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [McKnight, R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Palmiotti, G.] Idaho Natl Lab, Idaho Falls, ID 83401 USA. [Plompen, A.; Schillebeeckx, P.] EC JRC IRMM, Geel, Belgium. [Roubtsov, D.] AECL Res, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Soukhovitskii, E. Sh.] Joint Inst Energy & Nucl Res, Minsk, Byelarus. [Sublet, J. C.] Culham Ctr Fus Energy, Abingdon, Oxon, England. RP Chadwick, MB (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM mbchadwick@lanl.gov RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Rochman, Dimitri/0000-0002-5089-7034 FU National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory [DE-AC52-06NA25396]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Oak Ridge National Laboratory [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Physics Department, University of California at Davis FX We thank P. Oblozinsky and A. Nichols for useful comments. This work was carried out under the auspices of the National Nuclear Security Administration of the US Department of Energy at Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396, at Brookhaven National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886, at Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725, and at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. R. Vogt also acknowledges the Physics Department, University of California at Davis for support. NR 106 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD APR PY 2014 VL 118 BP 1 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2014.04.002 PG 25 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AY6WU UT WOS:000347704400001 ER PT J AU Carlson, AD Pronyaev, VG Capote, R Hambsch, FJ Kappeler, F Lederer, C Mannhart, W Mengoni, A Nelson, RO Plompen, AJM Schillebeeckx, P Simakov, S Talou, P Tagesen, S Vonach, H Vorobyev, A Wallner, A AF Carlson, A. D. Pronyaev, V. G. Capote, R. Hambsch, F. -J. Kaeppeler, F. Lederer, C. Mannhart, W. Mengoni, A. Nelson, R. O. Plompen, A. J. M. Schillebeeckx, P. Simakov, S. Talou, P. Tagesen, S. Vonach, H. Vorobyev, A. Wallner, A. TI Improvements and Extensions of the Neutron Cross Section and Fluence Standards SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-RANGE; CAPTURE; PARTICLE; SPECTRA; DETECTOR; U-238 AB Improvements have been made to the nuclear data standards largely as a result of an IAEA Data Development Project. The work includes the traditional activities related to standards, extending the energy ranges of some standards, and reference data that are not as well known as the standards but can be very useful in the measurements of certain types of cross sections. Also included is an effort to improve evaluations of U-235 thermal and Cf-252 spontaneous fission neutron spectra. C1 [Carlson, A. D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pronyaev, V. G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk 249033, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Capote, R.; Simakov, S.] IAEA, NAPC Nucl Data Sect, A-1400 Vienna, Austria. [Hambsch, F. -J.; Plompen, A. J. M.; Schillebeeckx, P.] EC JRC IRMM, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Kaeppeler, F.] Karlsruhe Inst Technol, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Lederer, C.; Wallner, A.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vera Lab, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Lederer, C.] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Mannhart, W.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Mengoni, A.] Natl Agcy New Technol, Energy & Sustainable Econ Dev, Bologna, Italy. [Nelson, R. O.; Talou, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Tagesen, S.; Vonach, H.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. [Vorobyev, A.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina, Russia. [Wallner, A.] Australian Natl Univ, Dept Nucl Phys, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr STOP 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov RI Capote Noy, Roberto/M-1245-2014; Mengoni, Alberto/I-1497-2012 OI Capote Noy, Roberto/0000-0002-1799-3438; Mengoni, Alberto/0000-0002-2537-0038 FU IAEA Nuclear Data Section; United States Department of Energy FX The support of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section and the United States Department of Energy in carrying out this work is appreciated. NR 55 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 EI 1095-9904 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD APR PY 2014 VL 118 BP 126 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2014.04.017 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA AY6WU UT WOS:000347704400016 ER PT J AU Block, B Brette, F Cros, C Incardona, J Scholz, N AF Block, Barbara Brette, Fabien Cros, Caroline Incardona, John Scholz, Nathaniel TI Crude oil impairs cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in fish SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Incardona, John; Scholz, Nathaniel] NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. [Block, Barbara; Brette, Fabien; Cros, Caroline] Stanford Univ, Pacific Grove, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 8 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 1 SU S MA 878.3 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA AX0OG UT WOS:000346651003135 ER PT J AU Bert, TM Arnold, WS Wilbur, AE Seyoum, S Mcmillen-Jackson, AL Stephenson, SP Weisberg, RH Yarbro, LA AF Bert, Theresa M. Arnold, William S. Wilbur, Ami E. Seyoum, Seifu Mcmillen-Jackson, Anne L. Stephenson, Sarah P. Weisberg, Robert H. Yarbro, Laura A. TI FLORIDA GULF BAY SCALLOP (ARGOPECTEN IRRADIANS CONCENTRICUS) POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE: FORM, VARIATION, AND INFLUENTIAL FACTORS SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Argopecten irradians; bay scallop; external factors; fishery; Florida; Gulf of Mexico; metapopulation; population genetics; recruitment ID CRAB CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; MARINE LARVAL DISPERSAL; MEXICO COASTAL WATERS; ALLELE FREQUENCY DATA; OF-MEXICO; TAMPA-BAY; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PECTEN-MAXIMUS AB Knowledge of changes in the interdependence of a species' populations for continued existence (connectivity) and of the forces driving connectivity patterns is critical for management and conservation of the species. Population genetics can be used to investigate population connectivity. Combining population genetics with climatic, environmental, and biological (external) factors that can influence population structure and connectivity can lead to a greater understanding of the forces influencing population dynamics. We deciphered the population genetic structure and connectivity patterns of bay scallops (Argopecten irradians concentricus Lamarck) from Florida Gulf of Mexico waters using allozyme-locus and mitochondrial DNA population genetics data from samples representing four consecutive generations. We evaluated bay scallop population genetic relationships within the context of habitat, hydrodynamic, and environmental variation, and concomitant spatial patterns in the abundance of adult and recently recruited scallops to infer the influence of these factors on bay scallop population structure. Florida Gulf bay scallops form a hierarchical, mixed-model, source-sink metapopulation with intergenerational variation in connectivity that seems to be influenced by the factors we considered. An El Nino event that occurred during 1 y caused climatic and environmental change that greatly reduced subpopulation connectivity, allowing us to understand more completely the potential relative importance of the other external factors on change in metapopulation connectivity over time. Our study illustrates the value of using multiple genetic markers, sampling for multiple years, and integrating data from multiple external factors for understanding the population genetic structure of species for adaptive management. C1 [Bert, Theresa M.; Seyoum, Seifu; Mcmillen-Jackson, Anne L.; Stephenson, Sarah P.; Yarbro, Laura A.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Arnold, William S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL USA. [Wilbur, Ami E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Wilbur, Ami E.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. [Weisberg, Robert H.] Univ S Florida, Sch Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Bert, TM (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM theresa.bert@myfwc.com FU NOAA [NA76FK0426, FWC 2234]; state of Florida FX We thank the FWRI scientists who assisted with the work involved obtaining the data for this article, especially the Molluscan Research group for field sampling and data processing; L. Barbieri, K. Lorenzen, J. Stevely, and anonymous reviewers for providing advice that greatly improved the manuscript; and S. Geiger for providing references and information on subpopulation current abundances. We especially recognize J. Boyett and K. Wanson for diligence in obtaining obscure literature. Red tide data were extracted from the Florida Harmful Algal Bloom Database maintained by FWRI staff. The bay scallop research was funded by NOAA grant NA76FK0426, project FWC 2234, and the state of Florida. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or any of its subagencies. NR 238 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2014 VL 33 IS 1 BP 99 EP 136 DI 10.2983/035.033.0112 PG 38 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AQ3KX UT WOS:000342693300012 ER PT J AU Long, WC Cummiskey, PA Munk, JE AF Long, W. Christopher Cummiskey, Peter A. Munk, J. Eric TI Effects of ghost fishing on the population of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in Womens Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID BLUE CRABS; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; PORTUNUS-PELAGICUS; NORTHWEST STRAITS; PUGET-SOUND; CATCHES; TRAPS; NETS; POTS; CANNIBALISM AB Ghost fishing, the capture and killing of marine organisms by lost or abandoned fishing gear, is a serious ecological and economic problem confronting fisheries. In this study, we quantify the rate of ghost fishing on the population of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in Womens Bay, Kodiak Island, Alaska. From 1991 to 2008, crabs with carapace lengths (CLs) from 42 to 162 mm were tagged with acoustic tags and tracked both from a boat at the surface and by divers. Diver observations were used to determine whether a crab molted or died and, in many cases, to determine the cause of death. Of 192 crabs tracked during this study in association with other projects, 13 were killed in ghostfishing gear (12 in ghost crab pots and 1 in a ghost gill net) and 20 were captured in ghost pots and released alive by divers. An additional 13 died of other causes, including predation by sea otters and an octopus and poaching by humans. We estimate that between 16% and 37% of the population of red king crab with CLs >60 mm in Womens Bay were killed by ghost fishing per year during the period of this study, making ghost fishing a substantial source of mortality. These results indicate that steps to reduce ghost fishing in Womens Bay are warranted. C1 [Long, W. Christopher; Munk, J. Eric] NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Sc, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Long, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Sc, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM chris.long@noaa.gov RI Long, William/C-7074-2009 OI Long, William/0000-0002-7095-1245 NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 6 U2 29 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 101 EP 111 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200001 ER PT J AU Clemento, AJ Crandall, ED Garza, JC AF Clemento, Anthony J. Crandall, Eric D. Garza, John Carlos TI Evaluation of a single nucleotide polymorphism baseline for genetic stock identification of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the California Current large marine ecosystem SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID MINISATELLITE DNA VARIATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; CENTRAL VALLEY; ADIPOSE FIN; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPES; PACIFIC SALMON; CHUM SALMON; SCALE AB Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is an economically and ecologically important species, and populations from the west coast of North America are a major component of fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean. The anadromous life history strategy of this species generates populations (or stocks) that typically are differentiated from neighboring populations. In many cases, it is desirable to discern the stock of origin of an individual fish or the stock composition of a mixed sample to monitor the stock-specific effects of anthropogenic impacts and alter management strategies accordingly. Genetic stock identification (GSI) provides such discrimination, and we describe here a novel GSI baseline composed of genotypes from more than 8000 individual fish from 69 distinct populations at 96 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci. The populations included in this baseline represent the likely sources for more than 99% of the salmon encountered in ocean fisheries of California and Oregon. This new genetic baseline permits GSI with the use of rapid and cost-effective SNP genotyping, and power analyses indicate that it provides very accurate identification of important stocks of Chinook Salmon. In an ocean fishery sample, GSI assignments of more than 1000 fish, with our baseline, were highly concordant (98.95%) at the reporting unit level with information from the physical tags recovered from the same fish. This SNP baseline represents an important advance in the technologies available to managers and researchers of this species. C1 [Clemento, Anthony J.] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Clemento, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. OI Crandall, Eric/0000-0001-8580-3651 FU NOAA's Cooperative Fisheries Research Program; SWFSC; California Bay Delta Science Fellowship; University of California Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative FX The authors would like to thank the entire Molecular Ecology and Genetic Analysis Team in the Fisheries Ecology Division of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) for their invaluable assistance with genotyping and analyses. Of critical importance to the successful completion of this project were the baseline samples provided to us by the California Department of Fish and Game (now Wildlife; S. Harris), Hoopa Valley Tribal Fisheries Department (G. Kautsky), Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife (M. Banks), Idaho Department of Fish and Game (M. Campbell), Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission (S. Narum), NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center (P. Moran), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (M. Brown, D. Hawkins, and C. Smith), Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (S. Blankenship and K. Warheit), University of Washington School of Aquatic and Fishery Science (L. Seeb), Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada (T. Beacham), and Alaska Department of Fish and Game (W. Templin). Fishery samples were collected by the California Department of Fish and Game (now Wildlife) and provided to us by M. Heisdorf and M. Palmer-Zwahlen. We also thank T. Beacham and 2 anonymous referees for comments that improved the manuscript. This project received funding from NOAA's Cooperative Fisheries Research Program and the SWFSC. A. Clemento also received support from a California Bay Delta Science Fellowship and the University of California Coastal Environmental Quality Initiative. Many of the baseline samples were collected and DNA extracted with funds from the Pacific Salmon Commission. NR 69 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 112 EP 130 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.2 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200002 ER PT J AU Stehlik, LL Pessutti, J Rosendale, J Phelan, B AF Stehlik, Linda L. Pessutti, Jeff Rosendale, John Phelan, Beth TI Residence time and habitat duration for predators in a small mid-Atlantic estuary SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER; MIGRATORY STRIPED BASS; SOUTHERN NEW-JERSEY; ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY; FISH RECRUITMENT; MORONE-SAXATILIS; EAST-COAST; DYNAMICS AB Residence times of individual fishes should reflect the durations over which habitat resources support survival, metabolic maintenance, and adequate growth. From May to October in 2006 and 2007, we measured residencies of ultrasonically tagged age-1+ Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis; n=46), age-0 and age-1+ Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix; n=45 and 35) and age-1+ Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis; n=41) in a small estuarine tributary in New Jersey with 32 ultrasonic receivers to monitor movements and sensors to measure habitat resources. Striped Bass and age-1+ Bluefish used the estuary for medians of 9.5 days (d) (max=58 d) and 22 d (max=88 d), and age-0 Bluefish and Weakfish were resident for medians of 30 d (max=52 d) and 41 d (max=88 d), respectively. Small individuals <500 mm TL were likely to remain in the estuary longer at warmer temperatures than were large individuals. Size-dependent temperature responses were similar to optimal temperatures for growth reported in previous studies. Freshwater discharge also influenced residence time. All species were likely to remain in the estuary until freshwater discharge rates fell to a value associated with the transition of the estuarine state from a partially to fully mixed state. This transition weakens flows into the upstream salt front where prey concentrations usually are high. Time of estuarine residence appeared to be regulated by temperatures that controlled scopes for growth and the indirect effects of freshwater discharge on prey productivity and concentration. Changes in the seasonal phenology of temperature, precipitation, and human water use could alter the durations over which small estuarine tributaries serve as suitable habitats. C1 [Stehlik, Linda L.; Pessutti, Jeff; Rosendale, John; Phelan, Beth] NOAA, Behav Ecol Branch, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,James J Howard Marine, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Stehlik, LL (reprint author), NOAA, Behav Ecol Branch, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,James J Howard Marine, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. NR 57 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 16 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 144 EP 158 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.4 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200004 ER PT J AU Henderson, EE Forney, KA Barlow, JP Hildebrand, JA Douglas, AB Calambokidis, J Sydeman, WJ AF Henderson, E. Elizabeth Forney, Karin A. Barlow, Jay P. Hildebrand, John A. Douglas, Annie B. Calambokidis, John Sydeman, William J. TI Effects of fluctuations in sea-surface temperature on the occurrence of small cetaceans off Southern California SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CURRENT SYSTEM; CURRENT ECOSYSTEM; COMMON DOLPHINS; MARINE MAMMALS; REGIME SHIFTS; ABUNDANCE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY AB The link between ocean temperature and spatial and temporal distribution patterns of 8 species of small cetaceans off Southern California was examined during the period 1979-2009. Averages and anomalies of sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) were used as proxies for SST fluctuations on 3 temporal scales: seasonal, El Nino-Southern Oscillations (ENSO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillations (PDO). The hypothesis that cetacean species assemblages and habitat associations in southern California waters co-vary with these periodic changes in SST was tested by using generalized additive models. Seasonal SST averages were included as a predictor in the models for Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), and common dolphins (Delphinus spp.), northern right whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis), and Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus). The ENSO index was included as a predictor for northern right whale, long-beaked common (Delphinus capensis), and Risso's dolphins. The PDO index was selected as a predictor for Dall's porpoise and Pacific white-sided (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), common, and bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins. A metric of bathymetric depth was included in every model, and seafloor slope was included in 5 of the 9 models, an indication of a distinctive spatial distribution for each species that may represent niche or resource partitioning in a region where multiple species have overlapping ranges. Temporal changes in distribution are likely a response to changes in prey abundance or dispersion, and these patterns associated with SST variation may foreshadow future, more permanent shifts in distribution range that are due to global climate change. C1 [Henderson, E. Elizabeth; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Barlow, Jay P.] NOAA, Marine Mammal & Turtle Div, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Douglas, Annie B.; Calambokidis, John] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] Farallon Inst Adv Ecosyst Res, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Henderson, EE (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, 2240 Shelter Island Dr,Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. EM elizabeth.henderson@nmmpfoundation.org NR 75 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 7 U2 71 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 159 EP 177 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.5 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200005 ER PT J AU Calambokidis, J Munger, LM Soldevilla, MS Ferguson, MC Havron, AM Camachots, DL Campbell, GS Hildebrand, JA AF Calambokidis, John Munger, Lisa M. Soldevilla, Melissa S. Ferguson, Megan C. Havron, Andrea M. Camachots, Dominique L. Campbell, Greg S. Hildebrand, John A. TI Seasonal distribution and abundance of cetaceans off Southern California estimated from CalCOFI cruise data from 2004 to 2008 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; EASTERN NORTH PACIFIC; BLUE WHALES; HUMPBACK WHALES; AERIAL SURVEYS; HARBOR PORPOISE; COMMON DOLPHIN; DELPHINUS; COASTAL; WASHINGTON AB Documenting year-round diversity and distribution of marine mammals off Southern California is important for assessment of effects of potentially harmful anthropogenic activities. Although the waters off Southern California have been surveyed extensively for marine mammals over the past 18 years, such surveys have been periodic and were conducted primarily from summer to fall, thereby missing potential seasonal shifts. We examined seasonal abundance and population density of cetaceans off Southern California from 16 shipboard line-transect surveys conducted quarterly during 2004-08. The study area consisted of 238,494 km(2) of coastal, shelf, and pelagic oceanic habitat from near-shore waters to 700 km offshore. Based on 693 encounters of 20 cetacean species, abundance estimates by seasonal period (summer-fall or winter spring) and depth (shallow: <2000.5 m; deep: >= 2000.5 m) were determined for the 11 most commonly encountered species. The following are values of uncorrected density (individuals/1000 km(2), coefficients of variation in parentheses) for the seasonal period and depth with greatest density for a selection of the species in this study: blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus), summer-fall, shallow, 3.2 (0.26); fin whale (B. physalus), summer-fall, shallow, 3.7 (0.30); humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), summer-fall, shallow, 3.1 (0.36); short-beaked common dolphin (Delphinus delphis), summer-fall, shallow, 1319.7 (0.24); long-beaked common dolphin (D. capensis), summer-fall, shallow, 687.9 (0.52); and Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), winter-spring, deep, 48.65 (0.28). Seasonally, density varied significantly by depth for humpback whales, fin whales, and Pacific white-sided dolphins. C1 [Calambokidis, John; Havron, Andrea M.; Camachots, Dominique L.] Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Munger, Lisa M.; Soldevilla, Melissa S.; Campbell, Greg S.; Hildebrand, John A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Soldevilla, Melissa S.] NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Ferguson, Megan C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Havron, Andrea M.; Camachots, Dominique L.] Spatial Ecosyst, Olympia, WA 98507 USA. RP Calambokidis, J (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 West Fourth Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. FU Office of Naval Research FX F. Stone, E. Young, and L. Petitpas and the Office of Naval Research provided funding and project management. We appreciate the efforts of all who were involved in the CalCOFI surveys in 2004-08: the captains and crews of the New Horizon, David Starr Jordan, and Roger Revelle and the scientists, especially D. Wolgast, J. Wilkinson, A. Hays, R. Baird, S. Yin, M. Smith, A. Miller, L. Morse, V. Iriarte, E. Vazquez, N. Rubio, K. Merkens, J. Burtenshaw, E. Oleson, and E. Henderson. We also thank K. Forney and R. Baird for manuscript review. Finally, the authors would like to honor S. Claussen, whose presence and laughter is greatly missed. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 28 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR-JUL PY 2014 VL 112 IS 2-3 BP 198 EP 220 DI 10.7755/FB.112.2-3.7 PG 23 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA AM7XE UT WOS:000340081200007 ER PT J AU Liu, YH Key, JR AF Liu, Yinghui Key, Jeffrey R. TI Less winter cloud aids summer 2013 Arctic sea ice return from 2012 minimum SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic; sea ice; cloud ID RADIATION PROPERTIES; RECENT TRENDS; PART II; SURFACE; MODIS; AMPLIFICATION; CALIPSO; SIMULATIONS; DATASET; MODELS AB In September 2012, Arctic sea ice cover reached a record minimum for the satellite era. The following winter the sea ice quickly returned, carrying through to the summer when ice extent was 48% greater than the same time in 2012. Most of this rebound in the ice cover was in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, areas experiencing the greatest decline in sea ice over the last three decades. A variety of factors, including ice dynamics, oceanic and atmospheric heat transport, wind, and solar insolation anomalies, may have contributed to the rebound. Here we show that another factor, below-average Arctic cloud cover in January-February 2013, resulted in a more strongly negative surface radiation budget, cooling the surface and allowing for greater ice growth. More thick ice was observed in March 2013 relative to March 2012 in the western Arctic Ocean, and the areas of ice growth estimated from the negative cloud cover anomaly and advected from winter to summer with ice drift data, correspond well with the September ice concentration anomaly pattern. Therefore, decreased wintertime cloud cover appears to have played an important role in the return of the sea ice cover the following summer, providing a partial explanation for large year-to-year variations in an otherwise decreasing Arctic sea ice cover. C1 [Liu, Yinghui] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Key, Jeffrey R.] NOAA NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Liu, YH (reprint author), CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yinghui.liu@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 FU NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC); Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office FX This work was supported by the NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) and the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) Program Office. We are grateful to the German CryoSat Office of the Alfred Wegener Institute (www.meereisportal.de/cryosat) for providing their preliminary ice thickness estimates to the scientific community for evaluation. We thank R Stone for valuable discussions on this work, and for his analysis of data from the NOAA Baseline Observatory at Barrow. We also thank M Tschudi for providing the 2013 Polar Pathfinder daily 25 km EASE-Grid sea ice motion data. The MODIS data used in this study were acquired as part of the NASA's Earth-Sun System Division and archived and distributed by the MODIS Adaptive Processing System (MODAPS). The CALIPSO data were obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Science Data Center. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 60 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1748-9326 J9 ENVIRON RES LETT JI Environ. Res. Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR 044002 DI 10.1088/1748-9326/9/4/044002 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AK9XD UT WOS:000338781000003 ER PT J AU Cunningham, KA Hayes, SA Rub, AMW Reichmuth, C AF Cunningham, Kane A. Hayes, Sean A. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo Reichmuth, Colleen TI Auditory detection of ultrasonic coded transmitters by seals and sea lions SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; PHOCA-VITULINA; UNDERWATER AUDIOGRAM; DETECTION THRESHOLDS; HEARING THRESHOLDS; OCEAN MEASUREMENTS; TONAL SIGNALS; HARBOR SEAL; FREQUENCY; ABSORPTION AB Ultrasonic coded transmitters (UCTs) are high-frequency acoustic tags that are often used to conduct survivorship studies of vulnerable fish species. Recent observations of differential mortality in tag control studies suggest that fish instrumented with UCTs may be selectively targeted by marine mammal predators, thereby skewing valuable survivorship data. In order to better understand the ability of pinnipeds to detect UCT outputs, behavioral high-frequency hearing thresholds were obtained from a trained harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and a trained California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Thresholds were measured for extended (500 ms) and brief (10 ms) 69 kHz narrow-band stimuli, as well as for a stimulus recorded directly from a Vemco V16-3H UCT, which consisted of eight 10 ms, 69 kHz pure-tone pulses. Detection thresholds for the harbor seal were as expected based on existing audiometric data for this species, while the California sea lion was much more sensitive than predicted. Given measured detection thresholds of 113 dB re 1 mu Pa and 124 dB re 1 mu Pa, respectively, both species are likely able to detect acoustic outputs of the Vemco V16-3H under water from distances exceeding 200m in typical natural conditions, suggesting that these species are capable of using UCTs to detect free-ranging fish. (C) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Cunningham, Kane A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Hayes, Sean A.; Rub, A. Michelle Wargo] NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Reichmuth, Colleen] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Cunningham, KA (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Dept Ocean Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM kaacunni@ucsc.edu FU Packard Endowment for Ocean Science and Technology at the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) FX This research was supported by the Packard Endowment for Ocean Science and Technology at the University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC). Animal research was conducted with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at UCSC, and was authorized by the National Marine Fisheries Service, under Marine Mammal Permit 14535 to C. R. No animals were harmed in this study. We thank Dr. Jack Terhune for his helpful comments, which improved this manuscript, and the entire research team at the Pinniped Cognition and Sensory Systems Laboratory at UCSC for their participation in this project. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 EI 1520-8524 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2014 VL 135 IS 4 BP 1978 EP 1985 DI 10.1121/1.4868371 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA AK3EX UT WOS:000338307200038 PM 25234996 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Froyd, KD Schwarz, JP Wilson, JC AF Murphy, D. M. Froyd, K. D. Schwarz, J. P. Wilson, J. C. TI Observations of the chemical composition of stratospheric aerosol particles SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aerosol composition; stratosphere; meteors ID TROPICAL UPPER TROPOSPHERE; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; AIRCRAFT EMISSIONS; OZONE DEPLETION; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; SULFATE PARTICLES; SULFURIC-ACID; COSMIC DUST; SPECTRA; SOLAR AB Recent instrumentation can distinguish various types of aerosol particles in the stratosphere and determine their relative abundance. In the background lower stratosphere between major volcanic eruptions, most particles are either relatively pure sulphuric acid, sulphuric acid with material from ablated meteoroids or mixed organic-sulphate particles that originated in the troposphere. The meteoritic iron and magnesium appear to be dissolved whereas the aluminum and silicon appear to be inclusions. Most stratospheric aerosol mass is liquid sulphuric acid and associated water, but a large fraction of particles contain either inclusions of meteoritic elements such as silicon or organic material that is probably effloresced or glassy. These solid phases could have large but unknown implications for the ability of particles to act as freezing nuclei for polar stratospheric clouds. Internally mixed black carbon is a measurable but very small component of the stratospheric aerosol by mass. Despite their importance for heterogeneous chemistry, there are few quantitative measurements of halogens in stratospheric particles. C1 [Murphy, D. M.; Froyd, K. D.; Schwarz, J. P.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Froyd, K. D.; Schwarz, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Wilson, J. C.] Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; NR 95 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 50 PU WILEY PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 681 BP 1269 EP 1278 DI 10.1002/qj.2213 PN B PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AJ4ED UT WOS:000337623500012 ER PT J AU Baker, WE Atlas, R Cardinali, C Clement, A Emmitt, GD Gentry, BM Hardesty, RM Kallen, E Kavaya, MJ Langland, R Ma, ZZ Masutani, M McCarty, W Pierce, RB Pu, ZX Riishojgaard, LP Ryan, J Tucker, S Weissmann, M Yoe, JG AF Baker, Wayman E. Atlas, Robert Cardinali, Carla Clement, Amy Emmitt, George D. Gentry, Bruce M. Hardesty, R. Michael Kaellen, Erland Kavaya, Michael J. Langland, Rolf Ma, Zaizhong Masutani, Michiko McCarty, Will Pierce, R. Bradley Pu, Zhaoxia Riishojgaard, Lars Peter Ryan, James Tucker, Sara Weissmann, Martin Yoe, James G. TI LIDAR-MEASURED WIND PROFILES The Missing Link in the Global Observing System SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; INCOHERENT DOPPLER LIDAR; OBSERVATION IMPACT; AIRBORNE DEMONSTRATOR; SPECTRAL ANALYZER; ERA-40 REANALYSIS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; EDGE TECHNIQUE; SOLID-STATE C1 [Baker, Wayman E.] NOAA, Mchenry, MD USA. [Atlas, Robert] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Cardinali, Carla; Kaellen, Erland] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Clement, Amy] Univ Miami, Miami, FL USA. [Emmitt, George D.] Simpson Weather Associates, Charlottesville, VA USA. [Gentry, Bruce M.; McCarty, Will] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Hardesty, R. Michael] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kavaya, Michael J.] NASA Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. [Langland, Rolf] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Riishojgaard, Lars Peter] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Ma, Zaizhong; Yoe, James G.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, College Pk, MD USA. [Masutani, Michiko] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. [Pu, Zhaoxia] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Ryan, James] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Tucker, Sara] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO USA. [Weissmann, Martin] Univ Munich, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, Munich, Germany. RP Baker, WE (reprint author), 253 Gleanings Dr, Mchenry, MD 21541 USA. EM wayman.baker@gmail.com RI Weissmann, Martin/C-9084-2013; Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; FU Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters; NASA Earth Science Technology Office at the Goddard Space Flight Center; SWA; German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development FX The authors thank Dr. Ramesh Kakar of the Earth Science Division at NASA headquarters and Dr. George Komar of the NASA Earth Science Technology Office at the Goddard Space Flight Center for supporting research with DWL data, including airborne campaigns, and funding hardware risk reduction studies to advance the readiness of the DWL technology for space. The authors thank Dr. John Cortinas and NOAA's Office of Weather and Air Quality for contributing to the support for DWL OSSEs through NOAA's OSSE Testbed. The expert assistance of Paul Berrisford of ECMWF is sincerely acknowledged. Sidney Wood and Steven Greco of Simpson Weather Associates (SWA) are acknowledged for their dedication to producing simulated space-based DWL observations used in the OSSEs and processing and analyzing data from the U.S. Navy's airborne DWL. Funding for manuscript preparation and submission was provided by SWA. M. Weissmann is part of the Hans-Ertel Centre for Weather Research, a network of universities, research institutes, and Deutscher Wetterdienst funded by the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development. NR 131 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 543 EP 564 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00164.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300006 ER PT J AU Monaldo, FM Li, XF Pichel, WG Jackson, CR AF Monaldo, Frank M. Li, Xiaofeng Pichel, William G. Jackson, Christopher R. TI OCEAN WIND SPEED CLIMATOLOGY FROM SPACEBORNE SAR IMAGERY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; FARMS C1 [Monaldo, Frank M.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, GST, College Pk, MD USA. [Pichel, William G.] NOAA, College Pk, MD USA. [Jackson, Christopher R.] Global Ocean Associates, Alexandria, VA USA. RP Monaldo, FM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. EM frank.monaldo@jhuapl.edu RI Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 565 EP 569 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00165.1 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300007 ER PT J AU Wuebbles, D Meehl, G Hayhoe, K Karl, TR Kunkel, K Santer, B Wehner, M Colle, B Fischer, EM Fu, R Goodman, A Janssen, E Kharin, V Lee, H Li, WH Long, LN Olsen, SC Pan, ZT Seth, A Sheffield, J Sun, LQ AF Wuebbles, Donald Meehl, Gerald Hayhoe, Katharine Karl, Thomas R. Kunkel, Kenneth Santer, Benjamin Wehner, Michael Colle, Brian Fischer, Erich M. Fu, Rong Goodman, Alex Janssen, Emily Kharin, Viatcheslav Lee, Huikyo Li, Wenhong Long, Lindsey N. Olsen, Seth C. Pan, Zaitao Seth, Anji Sheffield, Justin Sun, Liqiang TI CMIP5 CLIMATE MODEL ANALYSES Climate Extremes in the United States SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN MONSOON; PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; SIMULATIONS; TRENDS; UNCERTAINTIES; TEMPERATURE; KNOWLEDGE; TRACKING; EVENTS C1 [Wuebbles, Donald; Goodman, Alex; Janssen, Emily; Lee, Huikyo; Olsen, Seth C.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Meehl, Gerald] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Hayhoe, Katharine] Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. [Karl, Thomas R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Kunkel, Kenneth; Sun, Liqiang] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Climate & Satellites, Asheville, NC USA. [Santer, Benjamin] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Wehner, Michael] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Colle, Brian] SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Fischer, Erich M.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Fu, Rong] Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Li, Wenhong] Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. [Kharin, Viatcheslav] Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Victoria, BC, Canada. [Long, Lindsey N.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Long, Lindsey N.] Wyle Labs, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Pan, Zaitao] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [Seth, Anji] Univ Connecticut, Storrs, CT USA. [Sheffield, Justin] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Wuebbles, D (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, 105 S Gregory Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM wuebbles@illinois.edu RI Fischer, Erich/B-6067-2011; Santer, Benjamin/F-9781-2011 OI Fischer, Erich/0000-0003-1931-6737; FU NASA [NNX12AF32G]; Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NSF [AGS-1147608]; NOAA [NA11OAR4310097]; NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force [NA11OAR4310104]; NOAA NESDIS through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina [NA09NES4400006] FX This work was supported in part by NASA Award NNX12AF32G (University of Illinois), from the Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program and the Earth System Modeling Program of the Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the Department of Energy Office of Science under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 (LBL), from NSF Grant AGS-1147608 (Duke), and by NOAA Award NA11OAR4310097 (Princeton University). We also acknowledge the support of NOAA Climate Program Office Modeling, Analysis, Predictions and Projections (MAPP) Program as part of the CMIP5 Task Force under Grant NA11OAR4310104 (Stony Brook) and NOAA NESDIS through the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-North Carolina under Cooperative Agreement NA09NES4400006. NR 48 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 8 U2 56 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 571 EP 583 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00172.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300008 ER PT J AU Kirtman, BP Min, D Infanti, JM Kinter, JL Paolino, DA Zhang, Q van den Dool, H Saha, S Mendez, MP Becker, E Peng, PT Tripp, P Huang, J DeWitt, DG Tippett, MK Barnston, AG Li, SH Rosati, A Schubert, SD Rienecker, M Suarez, M Li, ZE Marshak, J Lim, YK Tribbia, J Pegion, K Merryfield, WJ Denis, B Wood, EF AF Kirtman, Ben P. Min, Dughong Infanti, Johnna M. Kinter, James L., III Paolino, Daniel A. Zhang, Qin van den Dool, Huug Saha, Suranjana Mendez, Malaquias Pena Becker, Emily Peng, Peitao Tripp, Patrick Huang, Jin DeWitt, David G. Tippett, Michael K. Barnston, Anthony G. Li, Shuhua Rosati, Anthony Schubert, Siegfried D. Rienecker, Michele Suarez, Max Li, Zhao E. Marshak, Jelena Lim, Young-Kwon Tribbia, Joseph Pegion, Kathleen Merryfield, William J. Denis, Bertrand Wood, Eric F. TI THE NORTH AMERICAN MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLE Phase-1 Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction; Phase-2 toward Developing Intraseasonal Prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; FORECAST SYSTEM; ENSO PREDICTION; CLIMATE; MODEL; IMPACT; SKILL; PROBABILITY; CALIBRATION C1 [Kirtman, Ben P.; Min, Dughong; Infanti, Johnna M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kinter, James L., III; Paolino, Daniel A.] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD USA. [Zhang, Qin; van den Dool, Huug; Saha, Suranjana; Mendez, Malaquias Pena; Becker, Emily; Peng, Peitao; Tripp, Patrick; Huang, Jin] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [DeWitt, David G.; Tippett, Michael K.; Barnston, Anthony G.; Li, Shuhua] Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. [Tippett, Michael K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Rosati, Anthony] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Schubert, Siegfried D.; Rienecker, Michele; Suarez, Max; Li, Zhao E.; Marshak, Jelena; Lim, Young-Kwon] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Tribbia, Joseph] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Pegion, Kathleen] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Merryfield, William J.; Denis, Bertrand] Environm Canada, Fredericton, NB, Canada. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kirtman, BP (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bkirtman@rsmas.miami.edu RI Tippett, Michael/C-6286-2011 OI Tippett, Michael/0000-0002-7790-5364 FU NOAA MAPP program; NOAA MAPP; NSF; NASA; DOE FX The phase-1 NMME project was supported by the NOAA MAPP program, and the phase-2 NMME project is support by NOAA MAPP, NSF, NASA, and the DOE. NR 34 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP 585 EP 601 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300009 ER PT J AU Sivakumar, MVK Wilhite, DA Pulwarty, RS Stefanski, R AF Sivakumar, M. V. K. Wilhite, Donald A. Pulwarty, Roger S. Stefanski, Robert TI THE HIGH-LEVEL MEETING ON NATIONAL DROUGHT POLICY SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sivakumar, M. V. K.; Stefanski, Robert] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Wilhite, Donald A.] Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. [Pulwarty, Roger S.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wilhite, DA (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Sch Nat Resources, 3310 Holdrege St,Rm 811, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. EM dwilhite2@unl.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 4 BP ES85 EP ES88 DI 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00159.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AI8MK UT WOS:000337170300002 ER PT J AU Li, Z Yang, DW Hong, Y Zhang, J Qi, YC AF Li, Zhe Yang, Dawen Hong, Yang Zhang, Jian Qi, Youcun TI Characterizing Spatiotemporal Variations of Hourly Rainfall by Gauge and Radar in the Mountainous Three Gorges Region SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION; SMALL-SCALE RAINFALL; COMPLEX TERRAIN; DAM; VARIABILITY; SEASON; METHODOLOGY; PATTERNS; RUNOFF; MODELS AB Understanding spatiotemporal rainfall patterns in mountainous areas is of great importance for prevention of natural disasters such as flash floods and landslides. There is little knowledge about rainfall variability over historically underobserved complex terrains, however, and especially about the variations of hourly rainfall. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations of hourly rainfall in the Three Gorges region (TGR) of China are investigated with gauge and newly available radar data. The spatial pattern of hourly rainfall has been examined by a number of statistics, and they all show that the rainfall variations are time-scale and location dependent. In general, the northern TGR receives more-intense and longer-duration rainfall than do other parts of the TGR, and short-duration storms could occur in most of the TGR. For temporal variations, the summer diurnal cycle shifts from a morning peak in the west to a late-afternoon peak in the east while a mixed pattern of two peaks exists in the middle. In statistical terms, empirical model-based estimation indicates that the correlation scale of hourly rainfall is about 40 km. Further investigation shows that the correlation distance varies with season, from 30 km in the warm season to 60 km in the cold season. In addition, summer rainstorms extracted from radar rainfall data are characterized by short duration (6-8 h) and highly localized patterns (5-17 and 13-36km in the minor and major directions, respectively). Overall, this research provides quantitative information about the rainfall regime in the TGR and shows that the combination of gauge and radar data is useful for characterizing the spatiotemporal pattern of storm rainfall over complex terrain. C1 [Li, Zhe; Yang, Dawen] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, State Key Lab Hydrosci & Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Hydrometeorol & Remote Sensing Lab, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Qi, Youcun] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Qi, Youcun] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Coll Atmospher Sci, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. RP Yang, DW (reprint author), Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Rm 312,New Hydraul Engn Bldg, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM yangdw@tsinghua.edu.cn RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X FU National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar project [51025931]; State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering [sklhse-2010-A-03]; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather in China [sklhse-2010-A-03]; Tsinghua Scholarship for Overseas Graduate Studies FX This research was supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar project (Project 51025931) and the joint research project (sklhse-2010-A-03) funded by the State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering and the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather in China. The first author was also partially supported by the Tsinghua Scholarship for Overseas Graduate Studies. The first author thanks the Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory (HyDROS Lab; http://hydro.ou.edu) at the National Weather Center in Norman, Oklahoma, for its support during his visits and acknowledges Manabendra Saharia for his language editing, which has greatly improved this paper. The authors thank the three anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments. NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP 873 EP 889 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0277.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH9GG UT WOS:000336449300006 ER PT J AU Kneifel, S Redl, S Orlandi, E Lohnert, U Cadeddu, MP Turner, DD Chen, MT AF Kneifel, Stefan Redl, Stephanie Orlandi, Emiliano Loehnert, Ulrich Cadeddu, Maria P. Turner, David D. Chen, Ming-Tang TI Absorption Properties of Supercooled Liquid Water between 31 and 225 GHz: Evaluation of Absorption Models Using Ground-Based Observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD LIQUID; DIELECTRIC-RELAXATION; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; ICE; PERMITTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; THZ; FREQUENCIES; RETRIEVAL; VAPOR AB Microwave radiometers (MWR) are commonly used to quantify the amount of supercooled liquid water (SLW) in clouds; however, the accuracy of the SLW retrievals is limited by the poor knowledge of the SLW dielectric properties at microwave frequencies. Six liquid water permittivity models were compared with ground-based MWR observations between 31 and 225 GHz from sites in Greenland, the German Alps, and a low-mountain site; average cloud temperatures of observed thin cloud layers range from 0 degrees to -33 degrees C. A recently published method to derive ratios of liquid water opacity from different frequencies was employed in this analysis. These ratios are independent of liquid water path and equal to the ratio of alpha(L) at those frequencies that can be directly compared with the permittivity model predictions. The observed opacity ratios from all sites show highly consistent results that are generally within the range of model predictions; however, none of the models are able to approximate the observations over the entire frequency and temperature range. Findings in earlier published studies were used to select one specific model as a reference model for alpha(L) at 90 GHz; together with the observed opacity ratios, the temperature dependence of alpha(L) at 31.4, 52.28, 150, and 225 GHz was derived. The results reveal that two models fit the opacity ratio data better than the other four models, with one of the two models fitting the data better for frequencies below 90GHz and the other for higher frequencies. These findings are relevant for SLW retrievals and radiative transfer in the 31-225-GHz frequency region. C1 [Kneifel, Stefan; Redl, Stephanie] Univ Cologne, Climate Monitoring Branch, Hans Ertel Ctr Weather Res, D-50969 Cologne, Germany. [Kneifel, Stefan; Orlandi, Emiliano; Loehnert, Ulrich] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, D-50969 Cologne, Germany. [Cadeddu, Maria P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Turner, David D.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Chen, Ming-Tang] Acad Sinica, Inst Astron & Astrophys, Taipei 115, Taiwan. RP Kneifel, S (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Pohligstr 3, D-50969 Cologne, Germany. EM skneifel@meteo.uni-koeln.de RI Lohnert, Ulrich/C-3303-2013; Kneifel, Stefan/A-2044-2015 OI Lohnert, Ulrich/0000-0002-9023-0269; Kneifel, Stefan/0000-0003-2220-2968 FU German Science Foundation (DFG) [LO 901/3-1]; DFG [WU 356/4-2]; U.S. National Science Foundation under Arctic Observing Network (AON) program [ARC-0856773, 0904152, 0856559]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; DFG priority program High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft [SPP 1294, GZ: CR 111/9-1] FX The data from the UFS site used in this study were collected as part of the TOSCA campaign, which has been funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG) under Grant LO 901/3-1. The radiosonde, cloud radar, and lidar observations at the FKB site were collected by the U.S. Department of Energy ARM's mobile facility as part of COPS; the MWR data at the FKB site have been collected during the GOP campaign, which has been funded by DFG under Grant WU 356/4-2. ICECAPS is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grants ARC-0856773, 0904152, and 0856559 as part of the Arctic Observing Network (AON) program, with additional instrumentation support provided by the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, ARM, and Environment Canada. ICECAPS data are available via the ARM data archive. Argonne National Laboratory's work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Research done by Stefan Kneifel and Stephanie Redl has been carried out within the Hans Ertel Centre for Weather Research. Climate Monitoring Branch. Contributions from Emiliano Orlandi have been financed by the DFG priority program High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft [HALO (SPP 1294) Project: Using the HALO Microwave Package (HAMP) for cloud and precipitation research, GZ: CR 111/9-1]. The authors are also very grateful to Susanne Crewell (University of Cologne) for many fruitful discussions. Constructive comments from three anonymous reviewers are also gratefully recognized. NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1028 EP 1045 DI 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0214.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH9GG UT WOS:000336449300015 ER PT J AU Fowley, C Sluka, V Bernert, K Lindner, J Fassbender, J Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Russek, SE Deac, AM AF Fowley, Ciaran Sluka, Volker Bernert, Kerstin Lindner, Jurgen Fassbender, Juergen Rippard, William H. Pufall, Matthew R. Russek, Stephen E. Deac, Aline M. TI Zero-field spin-transfer oscillators combining in-plane and out-of-plane magnetized layers SO APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID TORQUE OSCILLATOR; POLARIZED CURRENT; DRIVEN; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS; EXCITATION; EMISSION AB Excited magnetization dynamics in a spin-valve device consisting of an in-plane polarizer and an out-of-plane free layer were studied numerically. In the case where the free layer is assumed to lack any in-plane anisotropy components, a finite external field is required to generate steady-state dynamics, in agreement with previous reports. We demonstrate that this constraint can be removed and precession can be stabilized in zero applied field by introducing an additional in-plane anisotropy axis. Moreover, the in-plane anisotropy offers an additional degree of freedom for tuning the frequency response of the device. (C) 2014 The Japan Society of Applied Physics C1 [Fowley, Ciaran; Sluka, Volker; Bernert, Kerstin; Lindner, Jurgen; Fassbender, Juergen; Deac, Aline M.] Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. [Bernert, Kerstin] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Mat Sci, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Fassbender, Juergen] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Phys Solids, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. [Rippard, William H.; Pufall, Matthew R.; Russek, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fowley, C (reprint author), Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf, D-01328 Dresden, Germany. RI Deac, Alina/D-2961-2012; Fassbender, Juergen/A-8664-2008 OI Fassbender, Juergen/0000-0003-3893-9630 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 23 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1882-0778 EI 1882-0786 J9 APPL PHYS EXPRESS JI Appl. Phys. Express PD APR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 AR 043001 DI 10.7567/APEX.7.043001 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AH4SK UT WOS:000336118100014 ER PT J AU Pitts, WM AF Pitts, William M. TI Role of two stage pyrolysis in fire growth on flexible polyurethane foam slabs SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heat release rate; flexible polyurethane foam; isocyanate; polyol; fire growth; two stage pyrolysis ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; HEAT RELEASE; COMBUSTION; RETARDANCY AB A series of experiments designed to characterize fire behavior on flat 1.2 m x 1.2 m samples of commercial non-fire-retarded flexible polyurethane foam were performed. Time-resolved heat release and mass loss rates were measured. Experimental parameters varied, including foam thickness (5.1 and 10.2 cm) and burning angle (+25 degrees, +12.5 degrees, 0 degrees, -12.5 degrees, and -25 degrees). Polyurethane foam is typically produced by reacting a multifunctional isocyanate with a polyol. The foam used here was formed by reacting toluene diisocyanate and a polyol based on a condensed polyether of polypropylene oxide. Earlier cone calorimeter studies of this foam had revealed a clear two stage pyrolysis behavior in which the heated foam first released a gaseous fuel derived from the isocyanate component, while leaving behind a liquid produced primarily from the polyol, which only gasified and burned following additional heating. The subsequent burning behavior of the polyol-derived liquid is shown in this work to play a crucial role in the maximum heat release rate and total heat released by the fires spreading across the foam slabs. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. C1 [Pitts, William M.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pitts, WM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wpitts@nist.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0308-0501 EI 1099-1018 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 3 BP 323 EP 338 DI 10.1002/fam.2183 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AD1YQ UT WOS:000333030000004 ER PT J AU Majkut, JD Sarmiento, JL Rodgers, KB AF Majkut, Joseph D. Sarmiento, J. L. Rodgers, K. B. TI A growing oceanic carbon uptake: Results from an inversion study of surface pCO(2) data SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE carbon; assimilation; LDEO2010; trend ID LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; NORTH PACIFIC; GLOBAL OCEAN; IN-SITU; SEA-ICE; CLIMATE; TEMPERATURE AB Concerted community efforts have been devoted to producing an authoritative climatology of air-sea CO2 fluxes, but identifying decadal trends in CO2 fluxes has proven to be more challenging. The available surface pCO(2) estimates are too sparse to separate long-term trends from decadal and seasonal variability using simple linear models. We introduce Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling as a novel technique for estimating the historical pCO(2) at the ocean surface. The result is a plausible history of surface pCO(2) based on available measurements and variability inferred from model simulations. Applying the method to a modern database of pCO(2) data, we find that two thirds of the ocean surface is trending toward increasing uptake of CO2, with a mean (year 2000) uptake of 2.3 0.5 PgC yr(-1) of anthropogenic carbon and an increase in the global annual uptake over the 30 year time period of 0.4 0.1 PgC yr(-1) decade(-1). The results are particularly interesting in the Southern Ocean, where we find increasing uptake of carbon over this time period, in contrast to previous studies. We find evidence for increased ventilation of deep ocean carbon, in response to increased winds, which is more than offset by an associated surface cooling. C1 [Majkut, Joseph D.; Sarmiento, J. L.; Rodgers, K. B.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Majkut, JD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jmajkut@princeton.edu FU NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO) [NA17RJ2612, NA080AR4320752]; [NOAA-NA11OAR4310066] FX This work benefitted from the help of several draft readers: N. Gruber, M. Gloor, D. Medvigy, A. Jacobsen, and two reviewers with insightful comments. We thank R. Slater for assistance with managing model simulations. J.D.M. and J.L.S. were supported by NOAA-NA11OAR4310066 during the performance of this work. The contribution of K.R. comes through awards NA17RJ2612 and NA080AR4320752, which includes support through the NOAA Office of Climate Observations (OCO). The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. The data used within this paper is freely available via the U.S. Oak Ridge National Laboratory Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center. NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 335 EP 351 DI 10.1002/2013GB004585 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KT UT WOS:000335809500001 ER PT J AU Bowling, DR Ballantyne, AP Miller, JB Burns, SP Conway, TJ Menzer, O Stephens, BB Vaughn, BH AF Bowling, D. R. Ballantyne, A. P. Miller, J. B. Burns, S. P. Conway, T. J. Menzer, O. Stephens, B. B. Vaughn, B. H. TI Ecological processes dominate the C-13 land disequilibrium in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review DE carbon cycling; biosphere; atmosphere interactions; carbon isotope discrimination; biogeochemical cycles; forest ecology; conifer ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; ECOSYSTEM CO2 EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; HIGH-ELEVATION; PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY; RESPIRED CO2; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 AB Fossil fuel combustion has increased atmospheric CO2 by approximate to 115 mu mol mol(-1) since 1750 and decreased its carbon isotope composition (C-13) by 1.7-2 (the C-13 Suess effect). Because carbon is stored in the terrestrial biosphere for decades and longer, the C-13 of CO2 released by terrestrial ecosystems is expected to differ from the C-13 of CO2 assimilated by land plants during photosynthesis. This isotopic difference between land-atmosphere respiration ((R)) and photosynthetic assimilation ((A)) fluxes gives rise to the C-13 land disequilibrium (D). Contemporary understanding suggests that over annual and longer time scales, D is determined primarily by the Suess effect, and thus, D is generally positive ((R)>(A)). A 7 year record of biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange was used to evaluate the seasonality of (A) and (R), and the C-13 land disequilibrium, in a subalpine conifer forest. A novel isotopic mixing model was employed to determine the C-13 of net land-atmosphere exchange during day and night and combined with tower-based flux observations to assess (A) and (R). The disequilibrium varied seasonally and when flux-weighted was opposite in sign than expected from the Suess effect (D=-0.750.21 or -0.880.10 parts per thousand depending on method). Seasonality in D appeared to be driven by photosynthetic discrimination ((canopy)) responding to environmental factors. Possible explanations for negative D include (1) changes in (canopy) over decades as CO2 and temperature have risen, and/or (2) post-photosynthetic fractionation processes leading to sequestration of isotopically enriched carbon in long-lived pools like wood and soil. Key Points Carbon isotope contents of photosynthesis and respiration differ Isotope fractionation of land photosynthesis dominates over the C-13 Suess effect Biogeochemical C isotope models must include terrestrial ecological processes C1 [Bowling, D. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Ballantyne, A. P.] Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Miller, J. B.; Conway, T. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burns, S. P.] Univ Colorado, Dept Geog, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Burns, S. P.; Stephens, B. B.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Menzer, O.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Vaughn, B. H.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bowling, DR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM david.bowling@utah.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Stephens, Britton/B-7962-2008 OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Stephens, Britton/0000-0002-1966-6182 FU Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy [DE-SC0005236, DE-FG02-04ER63904]; National Science Foundation (NSF) [DEB 0743251]; DOE/BER via the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR) [MPC35TX-A2]; Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program (TCP) [0017387]; NSF (LTREB) [0918565]; NOAA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group; U.S. Department of Commerce; NOAA ESRL; Global Monitoring Division; NSF [EAR-0321918]; NOAA [NA09OAR4310064]; NSF; NSF for the Niwot Ridge LTER Program FX All data in this study are available for collaborative use by anyone interested; contact the senior author for information on data access (david.bowling@utah.edu). Thanks to J. Knowles and J. Morse for outstanding field assistance, to R. Monson and P. Blanken for flux tower data, to S. Lehman for radiocarbon data, and to M. Reichstein for helpful discussions about flux partitioning. This research was primarily supported by the Office of Science (BER), U.S. Department of Energy, grants DE-SC0005236 and DE-FG02-04ER63904, and National Science Foundation (NSF) grant DEB 0743251. The AmeriFlux tower was supported by DOE/BER via the National Institute for Climate Change Research (NICCR, grant MPC35TX-A2) and Terrestrial Carbon Processes Program (TCP, grant 0017387), and the NSF (LTREB, grant 0918565). We acknowledge ongoing funding by the NOAA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA ESRL, Global Monitoring Division. The tundra site AIRCOA measurements were supported by NSF grant EAR-0321918 and NOAA grant NA09OAR4310064; we thank A. Watt for field support of these measurements. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the NSF. We are grateful for additional logistical and financial support from the NSF for the Niwot Ridge LTER Program and to all the staff of the University of Colorado's Mountain Research Station. NR 131 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 352 EP 370 DI 10.1002/2013GB004686 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KT UT WOS:000335809500002 ER PT J AU Barrett, PM Resing, JA Buck, NJ Feely, RA Bullister, JL Buck, CS Landing, WM AF Barrett, Pamela M. Resing, Joseph A. Buck, Nathaniel J. Feely, Richard A. Bullister, John L. Buck, Clifton S. Landing, William M. TI Calcium carbonate dissolution in the upper 1000m of the eastern North Atlantic SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article DE CaCO3 dissolution; Atlantic Ocean; suspended particulate matter ID OXYGEN-MINIMUM ZONES; PARTICULATE MATTER; ORGANIC-CARBON; WATER COLUMN; CHEMICAL LYSOCLINE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; INORGANIC CARBON; VERTICAL FLUX; OCEAN AB Recent analyses suggest that considerable CaCO3 dissolution may occur in the upper water column of the ocean (<1500m). This study uses the distribution of particulate calcium from high-resolution suspended matter sampling along the Climate Variability and Predictability/CO2 Repeat Hydrography A16N transect in 2003 to estimate CaCO3 dissolution in the top 1000m of the North Atlantic. Dissolution rates were also approximated using changes in total alkalinity measurements along isopycnal surfaces. Water masses were found to be undersaturated with respect to aragonite at intermediate depths (400-1000m) in the eastern tropical North Atlantic. The CaCO3 dissolution rate in this region is estimated to be 0.9mmol CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1), indicating this region is a hotspot for upper water column CaCO3 dissolution compared to the Atlantic basin as a whole. Dissolution rates calculated from particulate calcium distributions outside of this region were significantly lower (0.2mmol CaCO3 m(-2) d(-1)) and are comparable to previous estimates of CaCO3 dissolution flux for the Atlantic Ocean. The magnitude of upper water column dissolution rates compared to measured surface ocean CaCO3 standing stocks suggests that biologically mediated CaCO3 dissolution may be occurring in the top 1000m of the Atlantic. Key Points Carbonate dissolution is estimated from particulate Ca distributions Carbonate-undersaturated waters result in attenuated particulate Ca signal High dissolution rates observed in tropical North Atlantic at depths <1000 m C1 [Barrett, Pamela M.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Barrett, Pamela M.; Resing, Joseph A.; Buck, Nathaniel J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.; Feely, Richard A.; Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Buck, Clifton S.; Landing, William M.] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Barrett, PM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM barrettp@uw.edu RI Buck, Clifton/F-5820-2010 OI Buck, Clifton/0000-0002-5691-9636 FU NSF/NOAA; NSF [OCE-0649505, OCE-0223378]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) FX The authors acknowledge the NSF/NOAA-funded U.S. Repeat Hydrography Program and the NOAA Climate Program. Data used in this manuscript were provided by the following participants on the 2003 CLIVAR A16N cruise: Gregory Johnson (bottle hydrographic measurement program), Jia Zhong-Zhang (nutrient and dissolved oxygen data), Calvin Mordy (nutrient data), Frank Millero (total alkalinity and pH data), Mark Warner (CFC data), and Richard Wanninkhof (DIC data). We also thank John Milliman and two anonymous reviewers for critiques that greatly improved the quality of this manuscript and Jim Bishop for productive conversations. This work was supported by NSF grant OCE-0649505 (JAR) and OCE-0223378 (WML) and was also partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). This is JISAO's publication number 2096 and PMEL's publication number 3988. NR 70 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 386 EP 397 DI 10.1002/2013GB004619 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH0KT UT WOS:000335809500004 ER PT J AU Sergienko, OV AF Sergienko, O. V. TI A vertically integrated treatment of ice stream and ice shelf thermodynamics SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article DE ice streams; ice shelves; thermodynamics; modeling ID SHEAR MARGINS; WEST ANTARCTICA; SHEET; FLOW; BENEATH; DYNAMICS; MECHANICS; GLACIERS; MODEL; BASE AB The extremely small vertical shear in ice stream and ice shelf flow simplifies the equations, which govern their thermodynamic evolution. Complemented by the widely used shallow shelf approximation used to simplify the ice flow momentum balance, a vertically integrated formulation of heat transfer presented here reduces the dimensionality of the thermodynamic problem from three to two (plan view) dimensions and thus significantly reduces the computational cost of treating ice stream and ice shelf thermodynamics in models. For realistic conditions, errors in ice stiffness parameter, ice thickness, and speed caused by the vertically integrated treatment of heat transfer are less than 5% of magnitudes of these values compared to the standard three-dimensional thermomechanical computations. In addition, for the specific case of ice shelves with strong bottom melting, the governing equation describing evolution of the vertically integrated ice stiffness parameter is derived, which further reduces computational cost. The presented error analysis and formulations of ice stream and ice shelf thermodynamics in terms of the vertically integrated temperature allow the thermodynamic effects on ice deformation to be easily incorporated into studies that traditionally disregard them. C1 Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sergienko, OV (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM osergien@princeton.edu FU NOAA [NA13OAR431009] FX I thank the Editor Bryn Hubbard, Associate Editor Jeremy Bassis, Ed Bueler, and two anonymous referees for useful comments and constructive criticisms. I also thank Doug MacAyeal for helping with this manuscript. This research is supported by NOAA grant NA13OAR431009. The model outputs will be available at NSDIC. NR 41 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 745 EP 757 DI 10.1002/2013JF002908 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AH9TX UT WOS:000336487100004 ER PT J AU Gourdeau, L Verron, J Melet, A Kessler, W Marin, F Djath, B AF Gourdeau, L. Verron, J. Melet, A. Kessler, W. Marin, F. Djath, B. TI Exploring the mesoscale activity in the Solomon Sea: A complementary approach with a numerical model and altimetric data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE mesoscale; western boundary current; high-resolution modeling; tropical Pacific ID SOUTH CHINA SEA; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TOPEX/POSEIDON ALTIMETRY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERNAL TIDE; VARIABILITY; EDDIES; SURFACE; ENERGY AB The Solomon Sea is an area of high level of eddy kinetic energy (EKE), and represents a transit area for the low-latitude western boundary currents (LLWBCs) connecting the subtropics to the equatorial Pacific and playing a major role in ENSO dynamics. This study aims at documenting the surface mesoscale activity in the Solomon Sea for the first time. Our analysis is based on the joint analysis of altimetric data and outputs from a 1/12 degrees model simulation. The highest surface EKE is observed in the northern part of the basin and extends southward to the central basin. An eddy tracking algorithm is used to document the characteristics and trajectories of coherent mesoscale vortices. Cyclonic eddies, generated in the south basin, are advected to the north by the LLWBCs before merging with stationary mesoscale structures present in the mean circulation. Anticyclonic eddies are less numerous. They are generated in the southeastern basin, propagate westward, reach the LLWBCs, and dissipate. The seasonal and interannual modulations of the mesoscale activity are well marked. At seasonal time scale, maximum (minimum) activity is in May-June (September). At interannual time scale, the mesoscale activity is particularly enhanced during La Nina conditions. If instabilities of the regional circulations seem to explain the generation of mesoscale features, the modulation of the mesoscale activity seems to be rather related with the intrusion at Solomon Strait of the surface South Equatorial Current, rather than to the LLWBCs, by modulating the horizontal and vertical shears suitable for instabilities. Key Points A first analysis of the surface mesoscale activity in the Solomon Sea Mesoscale is related with the SEC inflow at Solomon Strait rather than to LLWBC Maximum activity is in May-June, it is enhanced during La Nina conditions C1 [Gourdeau, L.; Melet, A.; Marin, F.] Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, LEGOS, UMR5566, F-31062 Toulouse, France. [Verron, J.; Djath, B.] Univ Grenoble, CNRS, LGGE, UMR5183, Grenoble, France. [Kessler, W.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Gourdeau, L (reprint author), Univ Toulouse 3, IRD, LEGOS, UMR5566, F-31062 Toulouse, France. EM lionel.gourdeau@legos.obs-mip.fr RI Marin, Frederic/A-8687-2010 OI Marin, Frederic/0000-0002-0625-1105 FU Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES/TOSCA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/INSU LEFE); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) FX This work is a contribution to the CLIVAR/SPICE international program. This research has been conducted with the support of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES/TOSCA), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS/INSU LEFE), and the Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD). The authors would like to thank the DRAKKAR team for providing them with the high-resolution global ocean simulation, and especially J.M. Molines for his availability. We also thank A. Chaigneau for his help using the identification and tracking algorithms. NR 66 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2290 EP 2311 DI 10.1002/2013JC009614 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6AN UT WOS:000336213200010 ER PT J AU Li, Y Ji, RB Fratantoni, PS Chen, CS Hare, JA Davis, CS Beardsley, RC AF Li, Yun Ji, Rubao Fratantoni, Paula S. Chen, Changsheng Hare, Jonathan A. Davis, Cabell S. Beardsley, Robert C. TI Wind-induced interannual variability of sea level slope, along-shelf flow, and surface salinity on the Northwest Atlantic shelf SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE wind; sea level; flow; salinity; interannual variability; Northwest Atlantic shelf ID SOUTHWEST NOVA-SCOTIA; EASTERN-UNITED-STATES; SUBTIDAL RESPONSE; GEORGES BANK; MAINE REGION; GULF-STREAM; SEASONAL CIRCULATION; WATER; TEMPERATURE; ZOOPLANKTON AB In this study, we examine the importance of regional wind forcing in modulating advective processes and hydrographic properties along the Northwest Atlantic shelf, with a focus on the Nova Scotian Shelf (NSS)-Gulf of Maine (GoM) region. Long-term observational data of alongshore wind stress, sea level slope, and along-shelf flow are analyzed to quantify the relationship between wind forcing and hydrodynamic responses on interannual time scales. Additionally, a simplified momentum balance model is used to examine the underlying mechanisms. Our results show significant correlation among the observed interannual variability of sea level slope, along-shelf flow, and alongshore wind stress in the NSS-GoM region. A mechanism is suggested to elucidate the role of wind in modulating the sea level slope and along-shelf flow: stronger southwesterly (northeastward) winds tend to weaken the prevailing southwestward flow over the shelf, building sea level in the upstream Newfoundland Shelf region, whereas weaker southwesterly winds allow stronger southwestward flow to develop, raising sea level in the GoM region. The wind-induced flow variability can influence the transport of low-salinity water from the Gulf of St. Lawrence to the GoM, explaining interannual variations in surface salinity distributions within the region. Hence, our results offer a viable mechanism, besides the freshening of remote upstream sources, to explain interannual patterns of freshening in the GoM. Key Points Alongshore wind modulates advective processes along the Northwest Atlantic shelf Wind offers a viable mechanism to explain interannual salinity patterns in GoM C1 [Li, Yun] Integrated Stat Contract NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Li, Yun; Ji, Rubao; Davis, Cabell S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fratantoni, Paula S.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Chen, Changsheng] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA USA. [Beardsley, Robert C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Li, Y (reprint author), Integrated Stat Contract NOAA NMFS, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. EM yli@whoi.edu RI Li, Yun/F-5944-2015; Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015 OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427 FU NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment Program [12-03]; NOAA [NA09OAR4320129] FX This work was supported by NOAA's Fisheries and the Environment Program, Grant #12-03 and through NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA09OAR4320129. RJ worked on this paper as a CINAR (Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region) Fellow. We thank Steven Lentz for useful discussion on analyzing the observations and Peter Smith for providing current meter observations at station C2. We also thank Pengfei Lin who assisted initial data processing as a guest investigator in RJ's lab. We are grateful to three anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that have improved our manuscript. NR 52 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2462 EP 2479 DI 10.1002/2013JC009385 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6AN UT WOS:000336213200019 ER PT J AU Nguyen, TD Thupaki, P Anderson, EJ Phanikumar, MS AF Nguyen, Tuan D. Thupaki, Pramod Anderson, Eric J. Phanikumar, Mantha S. TI Summer circulation and exchange in the Saginaw Bay-Lake Huron system SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article DE residence time; flushing time; Saginaw Bay; Lake Huron; mixing; dispersion ID TRANSPORT TIME SCALES; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; THERMAL STRUCTURE; HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL; RESIDENCE TIME; GREAT-LAKES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MEAN CIRCULATION; FLUSHING TIME; WATER AB We use a three-dimensional, unstructured grid hydrodynamic model to examine circulation and exchange in the Saginaw Bay-Lake Huron system during the summer months for three consecutive years (2009-2011). The model was tested against ADCP observations of currents, data from a Lagrangian drifter experiment in the Saginaw Bay, and temperature data from the National Data Buoy Center stations. Mean circulation was predominantly cyclonic in the main basin of Lake Huron with current speeds in the surface layer being highest in August. Circulation in the Saginaw Bay was characterized by the presence of an anticyclonic gyre at the mouth of the outer bay and two recirculating cells within the inner bay. New estimates are provided for the mean flushing times (computed as the volume of the bay divided by the rate of inflow) and residence times (computed as e-folding flushing times based on dye concentration modeling treating the bay as a continuously stirred tank reactor) for Saginaw Bay. The average flushing time (over the 3 months of summer and for all 3 years) was 23.0 days for the inner bay and 9.9 days for the entire bay. The mean e-folding flushing time was 62 days (2 months) for the inner bay and 115 days (3.7 months) for the entire bay for the summer conditions examined in this work. To characterize the behavior of river plumes in the inner Saginaw Bay, trajectory data from GPS-enabled Lagrangian drifters were used to compute the absolute diffusivity values in the alongshore and cross-shore directions. Key Points We model circulation and thermal structure in Saginaw Bay and Lake Huron New estimates for residence times and exchange between the bay and the main lake Estimated diffusivities using Lagrangian drifters and particle transport models C1 [Nguyen, Tuan D.; Thupaki, Pramod; Phanikumar, Mantha S.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Thupaki, Pramod] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC, Canada. [Anderson, Eric J.] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Phanikumar, MS (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM phani@egr.msu.edu OI Anderson, Eric/0000-0001-5342-8383 FU NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human health FX This research was funded by the NOAA Center of Excellence for Great Lakes and Human health. NR 63 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR PY 2014 VL 119 IS 4 BP 2713 EP 2734 DI 10.1002/2014JC009828 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AH6AN UT WOS:000336213200033 ER PT J AU Dong, JR Ek, M Hall, D Peters-Lidard, C Cosgrove, B Miller, J Riggs, G Xia, YL AF Dong, Jiarui Ek, Mike Hall, Dorothy Peters-Lidard, Christa Cosgrove, Brian Miller, Jeff Riggs, George Xia, Youlong TI Using Air Temperature to Quantitatively Predict the MODIS Fractional Snow Cover Retrieval Errors over the Continental United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Drought; Snowpack; Snow cover; Surface temperature; Seasonal variability ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; WATER EQUIVALENT; ACCURACY ASSESSMENT; MAPPING ACCURACY; VALIDATION; PRODUCTS; AREA; SNOTEL; DEPTH; NLDAS AB Understanding and quantifying satellite-based, remotely sensed snow cover uncertainty are critical for its successful utilization. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover errors have been previously recognized to be associated with factors such as cloud contamination, snowpack grain sizes, vegetation cover, and topography; however, the quantitative relationship between the retrieval errors and these factors remains elusive. Joint analysis of the MODIS fractional snow cover (FSC) from Collection 6 (C6) and in situ air temperature and snow water equivalent measurements provides a unique look at the error structure of the MODIS C6 FSC products. Analysis of the MODIS FSC dataset over the period from 2000 to 2005 was undertaken over the continental United States (CONUS) with an extensive observational network. When compared to MODIS Collection 5 (C5) snow cover area, the MODIS C6 FSC product demonstrates a substantial improvement in detecting the presence of snow cover in Nevada [30% increase in probability of detection (POD)], especially in the early and late snow seasons; some improvement over California (10% POD increase); and a relatively small improvement over Colorado (2% POD increase). However, significant spatial and temporal variations in accuracy still exist, and a proxy is required to adequately predict the expected errors in MODIS C6 FSC retrievals. A relationship is demonstrated between the MODIS FSC retrieval errors and temperature over the CONUS domain, captured by a cumulative double exponential distribution function. This relationship is shown to hold for both in situ and modeled daily mean air temperature. Both of them are useful indices in filtering out the misclassification of MODIS snow cover pixels and in quantifying the errors in the MODIS C6 product for various hydrological applications. C1 [Dong, Jiarui; Ek, Mike; Xia, Youlong] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Dong, Jiarui; Xia, Youlong] IM Syst Grp, Rockville, MD USA. [Hall, Dorothy; Miller, Jeff; Riggs, George] NASA, Cryospher Sci Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa] NASA, Hydrol Sci Lab, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Cosgrove, Brian] NOAA, NWS, OHD, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Miller, Jeff] Wyle Inc, Houston, TX USA. [Riggs, George] SSAI Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Dong, JR (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, EMC, 5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM jiarui.dong@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) program FX We thank Kingtse Mo from NOAA/NCEP/CPC for her contributions. This work was directly funded by the NOAA Climate Program Office (CPO) Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) program. The NASA EOS Project supported the participation of D. Hall, J. Miller, and G. Riggs. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 15 IS 2 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-13-060.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE7LN UT WOS:000334179500002 ER PT J AU Vergara, H Hong, Y Gourley, JJ Anagnostou, EN Maggioni, V Stampoulis, D Kirstetter, PE AF Vergara, Humberto Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. Anagnostou, Emmanouil N. Maggioni, Viviana Stampoulis, Dimitrios Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel TI Effects of Resolution of Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates on Hydrologic Modeling Skill at Different Scales SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Remote sensing; Satellite observations; Hydrologic models ID PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS TMPA; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; FLOOD PREDICTION; MONTE-CARLO; TEMPORAL RESOLUTION; PASSIVE-MICROWAVE; ERROR MODEL; RUNOFF; RADAR; SENSITIVITY AB Uncertainty due to resolution of current satellite-based rainfall products is believed to be an important source of error in applications of hydrologic modeling and forecasting systems. A method to account for the input's resolution and to accurately evaluate the hydrologic utility of satellite rainfall estimates is devised and analyzed herein. A radar-based Multisensor Precipitation Estimator (MPE) rainfall product (4 km, 1 h) was utilized to assess the impact of resolution of precipitation products on the estimation of rainfall and subsequent simulation of streamflow on a cascade of basins ranging from approximately 500 to 5000 km(2). MPE data were resampled to match the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) 3B42RT satellite rainfall product resolution (25 km, 3 h) and compared with its native resolution data to estimate errors in rainfall fields. It was found that resolution degradation considerably modifies the spatial structure of rainfall fields. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was designed to effectively isolate the error on hydrologic simulations due to rainfall resolution using a distributed hydrologic model. These analyses revealed that resolution degradation introduces a significant amount of error in rainfall fields, which propagated to the streamflow simulations as magnified bias and dampened aggregated error (RMSEs). Furthermore, the scale dependency of errors due to resolution degradation was found to intensify with increasing streamflow magnitudes. The hydrologic model was calibrated with satellite- and original-resolution MPE using a multiscale approach. The resulting simulations had virtually the same skill, suggesting that the effects of rainfall resolution can be accounted for during calibration of hydrologic models, which was further demonstrated with 3B42RT. C1 [Vergara, Humberto; Hong, Yang; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vergara, Humberto; Hong, Yang; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Vergara, Humberto; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Kirstetter, Pierre-Emmanuel] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.; Maggioni, Viviana; Stampoulis, Dimitrios] Univ Connecticut, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Storrs, CT USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr ARRC, Suite 4610,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@ou.edu RI Kirstetter, Pierre/E-2305-2013; Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016; Measurement, Global/C-4698-2015 OI Kirstetter, Pierre/0000-0002-7381-0229; Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755; NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 23 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X EI 1525-7541 J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 15 IS 2 BP 593 EP 613 DI 10.1175/JHM-D-12-0113.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE7LN UT WOS:000334179500005 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Shuster, W AF Zhang, Yu Shuster, William TI THE COMPARATIVE ACCURACY OF TWO HYDROLOGIC MODELS IN SIMULATING WARM-SEASON RUNOFF FOR TWO SMALL, HILLSLOPE CATCHMENTS(1) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE stormwater; micro-catchment; distributed model; runoff; calibration ID WATER; FLOW; URBANIZATION; PARAMETERS; SYSTEMS; IMPACT; SOILS; SCALE; SWMM AB This article assesses the performance of two hydrologic models in simulating warm-season runoff for two upland, low-yield micro-catchments near Coshocton, Ohio. The two models, namely the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and the Gridded Surface-Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA), were implemented with contrasting levels of complexity, with the former representing the catchments as lumped spatial units and computing evaporation only from standing water, and the latter incorporating fine-scale variation in topography and soil properties and computing evapotranspiration from soil based on weather data. Our investigation began with uncalibrated model runs for 1990-2003 except for 1994 using a priori parameter values. Then a set of calibration experiments were performed wherein the sensitivity of model performance to the length of calibration records was examined. Our results pointed to large errors associated with simulations from both models: even the calibrated models were unable to reproduce the seasonal and between-catchment contrasts in runoff response. Using a priori parameter values, SWMM attained better results than GSSHA. However, with simple calibration, GSSHA outperformed SWMM in several respects. It was also found that extending the record of calibration rendered relatively minor changes to model performance. The practical and scientific implications of the findings are discussed. C1 [Zhang, Yu] Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Shuster, William] US EPA, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 East West Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM yu.zhang@noaa.gov FU USEPA through the Coshocton Urbanization Project; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education FX The research was funded by USEPA through the Coshocton Urbanization Project. The postdoctoral research associate position was funded by Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education. We also thank Dr. James V. Bonta for providing the data and critical suggestions. Drs. Fred L. Ogden and Justin Niedzialek at University of Connecticut, and Mr. Aaron Byrd at the US Army Corp of Engineers for providing technical assistance to the implementation of GSSHA model. Three anonymous reviewers provided valuable suggestions and their contributions are graciously acknowledged here. NR 39 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1093-474X EI 1752-1688 J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 2 BP 434 EP 447 DI 10.1111/jawr.12135 PG 14 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA AE0WM UT WOS:000333687000015 ER PT J AU Welsh, T Burek-Huntington, K Savage, K Rosenthal, B Dubey, JP AF Welsh, Trista Burek-Huntington, Kathy Savage, Kate Rosenthal, Benjamin Dubey, J. P. TI Sarcocystis canis Associated Hepatitis in a Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus) from Alaska SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; INFECTIONS; PARASITES; NEURONA AB Sarcocystis canis infection was associated with hepatitis in a Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Intrahepatocellular protozoal schizonts were among areas of necrosis and inflammation. The parasite was genetically identical to S. canis and is the first report in a Steller sea lion, indicating another intermediate host species for S. canis. C1 [Welsh, Trista] Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Burek-Huntington, Kathy] Alaska Vet Pathol Serv, Eagle River, AK 99577 USA. [Savage, Kate] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Protected Resources Div, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. [Rosenthal, Benjamin; Dubey, J. P.] ARS, USDA, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Anim Parasit Dis Lab,BARC East, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Welsh, T (reprint author), Flyinvet, 10174 Airpark Loop, Givens Hotsprings, ID 83641 USA. EM trista.welsh@gmail.com OI Rosenthal, Benjamin/0000-0002-0224-3773 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSOC, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 EI 1943-3700 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD APR PY 2014 VL 50 IS 2 BP 405 EP 408 DI 10.7589/2013-03-079 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AH6JT UT WOS:000336237900036 PM 24484486 ER PT J AU Jiang, ZP Hydes, DJ Hartman, SE Hartman, MC Campbell, JM Johnson, BD Schofield, B Turk, D Wallace, D Burt, WJ Thomas, H Cosca, C Feely, R AF Jiang, Zong-Pei Hydes, David J. Hartman, Sue E. Hartman, Mark C. Campbell, Jon M. Johnson, Bruce D. Schofield, Bryan Turk, Daniela Wallace, Douglas Burt, William J. Thomas, Helmuth Cosca, Cathy Feely, Richard TI Application and assessment of a membrane-based pCO(2) sensor under field and laboratory conditions SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article ID FIBER-OPTIC SENSOR; CORE WAVE-GUIDE; SURFACE SEAWATER; CARBONIC-ACID; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; COASTAL SEAWATER; PARTIAL-PRESSURE; CO2 EXCHANGE; SEA-WATER AB The principle, application, and assessment of the membrane-based ProOceanus CO2-Pro sensor for partial pressure of CO2 (pCO(2)) are presented. The performance of the sensor is evaluated extensively under field and laboratory conditions by comparing the sensor outputs with direct measurements from calibrated pCO(2) measuring systems and the thermodynamic carbonate calculation of pCO(2) from discrete samples. Under stable laboratory condition, the sensor agreed with a calibrated water-air equilibrator system at -3.0 +/- 4.4 mu atm during a 2-month intercomparison experiment. When applied in field deployments, the larger differences between measurements and the calculated pCO(2) references (6.4 +/- 12.3 mu atm on a ship of opportunity and 8.7 +/- 14.1 mu atm on a mooring) are related not only to sensor error, but also to the uncertainties of the references and the comparison process, as well as changes in the working environments of the sensor. When corrected against references, the overall uncertainties of the sensor results are largely determined by those of the pCO(2) references (+/- 2 and +/- 8 mu atm for direct measurements and calculated pCO(2), respectively). Our study suggests accuracy of the sensor can be affected by temperature fluctuations of the detector optical cell and calibration error. These problems have been addressed in more recent models of the instrument through improving detector temperature control and through using more accurate standard gases. Another interesting result in our laboratory test is the unexpected change in alkalinity which results in significant underestimation in the pCO(2) calculation as compared to the direct measurement (up to 90 mu atm). C1 [Jiang, Zong-Pei; Hydes, David J.; Hartman, Sue E.; Hartman, Mark C.; Campbell, Jon M.] Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. [Jiang, Zong-Pei] Zhejiang Univ, Ocean Coll, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Johnson, Bruce D.; Schofield, Bryan] ProOceanus Syst Inc, Bridgewater, NS, Canada. [Turk, Daniela; Wallace, Douglas; Burt, William J.; Thomas, Helmuth] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Turk, Daniela] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Cosca, Cathy; Feely, Richard] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Jiang, ZP (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM zongpei.jiang@noc.soton.ac.uk FU Swire Charitable Trust; Swire Education Trust FX The Swire Charitable Trust and the Swire Education Trust are gratefully acknowledged for funding the Swire NOCS Ocean Monitoring System (SNOMS) project and the scholarship for Zong-Pei Jiang's PhD study. LDEO contribution number 7768. The Swire Group Company China Navigation and the crews on the MV Pacific Celebes are to be thanked for supporting the operation of the SNOMS project. Dave Childs provided invaluable analysis of the salinity samples at NOCS. At the Institute of Ocean Science in Canada, Marty Davelaar, Jim Christian, and Kyle Davidson helped with sample pickups and joined in the SNOMS sample processing exercise. We gratefully thank Jim Eddington, Emily Chua, Claire Normandeau, Trina Whitsitt, and Douglas Schillinger during the Aquatron tests at Dalhousie University. We also thank the support from Richard Lampitt, Kate Larkin, Maureen Pagnani, Thanos Gkritzalis on the sensor deployment and maintenance at the PAP site. Wei-Jun Cai is thanked for the helpful discussion on the organic alkalinity. We also thank Mike DeGrandpre and Wiley Evans for their helpful suggestions on improving this paper. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 20 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD APR PY 2014 VL 12 BP 264 EP 280 DI 10.4319/lom.2014.12.264 PG 17 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AH6NB UT WOS:000336246500010 ER PT J AU Campbell, MG Liu, Q Sanders, A Evans, JS Smalyukh, II AF Campbell, Michael G. Liu, Qingkun Sanders, Aric Evans, Julian S. Smalyukh, Ivan I. TI Preparation of Nanocomposite Plasmonic Films Made from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Mesoporous Silica Decorated with Unidirectionally Aligned Gold Nanorods SO MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE gold nanorods; cellulose nanocrystals; liquid crystal; plasmonics; mesoporous silica ID LIQUID-CRYSTALS; NANOPARTICLES; ALIGNMENT; GROWTH; FIBERS AB Using liquid crystalline self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals, we achieve long-range alignment of anisotropic metal nanoparticles in colloidal nanocrystal dispersions that are then used to deposit thin structured films with ordering features highly dependent on the deposition method. These hybrid films are comprised of gold nanorods unidirectionally aligned in a matrix that can be made of ordered cellulose nanocrystals or silica nanostructures obtained by using cellulose-based nanostructures as a replica. The ensuing long-range alignment of gold nanorods in both cellulose-based and nanoporous silica films results in a polarization-sensitive surface plasmon resonance. The demonstrated device-scale bulk nanoparticle alignment may enable engineering of new material properties arising from combining the orientational ordering of host nanostructures and properties of the anisotropic plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Our approach may also allow for scalable fabrication of plasmonic polarizers and nanoporous silica structures with orientationally ordered anisotropic plasmonic nanoinclusions. C1 [Campbell, Michael G.; Liu, Qingkun; Evans, Julian S.; Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sanders, Aric] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Comp & Energy Engn, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Liquid Crystal Mat Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Smalyukh, Ivan I.] Univ Colorado, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Inst, Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smalyukh, II (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM michael.g.campbell@colorado.edu; qingkun.liu@colorado.edu; aric.sanders@nist.gov; julian.evans@colorado.edu; Ivan.Smalyukh@colorado.edu RI Smalyukh, Ivan/C-2955-2011 OI Smalyukh, Ivan/0000-0003-3444-1966 FU DOE [ER46921] FX We thank P. J. Ackerman, J. Kuehlen, T. Lee, B. Senyuk, and J. van de Lagemaat for discussions. This research was supported by the DOE grant ER46921. NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 62 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1996-1944 J9 MATERIALS JI Materials PD APR PY 2014 VL 7 IS 4 BP 3021 EP 3033 DI 10.3390/ma7043021 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA AH4IU UT WOS:000336091400031 ER PT J AU Guy, N Jorgensen, DP AF Guy, Nick Jorgensen, David P. TI Kinematic and Precipitation Characteristics of Convective Systems Observed by Airborne Doppler Radar during the Life Cycle of a Madden-Julian Oscillation in the Indian Ocean SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Indian Ocean; Tropics; Mesoscale systems; Madden-Julian oscillation; Aircraft observations; Radars; Radar observations ID PACIFIC WARM POOL; TOGA COARE; SCALE CIRCULATION; MESOSCALE; RAINFALL; EVOLUTION; VARIABILITY; MODELS; WIND AB This study presents characteristics of convective systems observed during the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian oscillation (DYNAMO) experiment by the instrumented NOAA WP-3D aircraft. Nine separate missions, with a focus on observing mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), were executed to obtain data in the active and inactive phase of a Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) in the Indian Ocean. Doppler radar and in situ thermodynamic data are used to contrast the convective system characteristics during the evolution of the MJO. Isolated convection was prominent during the inactive phases of the MJO, with deepening convection during the onset of the MJO. During the MJO peak, convection and stratiform precipitation became more widespread. A larger population of deep convective elements led to a larger area of stratiform precipitation. As the MJO decayed, convective system top heights increased, though the number of convective systems decreased, eventually transitioning back to isolated convection. A distinct shift of echo top heights and contoured frequency-by-altitude diagram distributions of radar reflectivity and vertical wind speed indicated that some mesoscale characteristics were coupled to the MJO phase. Convective characteristics in the climatological initiation region (Indian Ocean) were also apparent. Comparison to results from the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) in the western Pacific indicated that DYNAMO MCSs were linearly organized more parallel to the low-level shear and without strong cold pools than in TOGA COARE. Three-dimensional MCS airflow also showed a different dynamical structure, with a lack of the descending rear inflow present in shear perpendicularly organized TOGA COARE MCSs. Weaker, but deeper updrafts were observed in DYNAMO. C1 [Guy, Nick; Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Guy, N (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, WRDD, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM nick.guy@noaa.gov OI Guy, Nick/0000-0002-9800-598X FU NOAA Climate Program Office [NA11OAR4310077] FX This research was undertaken as a National Research Council postdoctoral research associate. Funding was provided by the NOAA Climate Program Office (Grant NA11OAR4310077). Special thanks are accorded to the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center, and especially the flight crew of the P-3 aircraft for a successful execution of project objectives. Also, Qing Wang and the NCAR EOL team for providing quality-controlled dropsonde data. The authors thank Shuyi Chen, Angela Rowe, and Elizabeth Thompson for many interesting and useful conversations, along with presentations from many members of the DYNAMO community. This manuscript was improved by the thorough and constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers. NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1385 EP 1402 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00252.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7IC UT WOS:000333436300001 ER PT J AU Brill, KF AF Brill, Keith F. TI Revisiting an Old Concept: The Gradient Wind SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Airflow; Atmospheric circulation; Hurricanes; Trajectories; Anticyclones; Wind ID HURRICANE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MODEL; VORTICES AB The gradient wind is defined as a horizontal wind having the same direction as the geostrophic wind but with a magnitude consistent with a balance of three forces: the pressure gradient force, the Coriolis force, and the centrifugal force arising from the curvature of a parcel trajectory. This definition is not sufficient to establish a single way of computing the gradient wind. Different results arise depending upon what is taken to be the parcel trajectory and its curvature. To clarify these distinctions, contour and natural gradient winds are defined and subdivided into steady and nonsteady cases. Contour gradient winds are based only on the geostrophic streamfunction. Natural gradient winds are obtained using the actual wind. Even in cases for which the wind field is available along with the geostrophic streamfunction, it may be useful to obtain the gradient wind for comparison to the existing analyzed or forecast wind or as a force-balanced reference state. It is shown that the nonanomalous (normal) solution in the case of nonsteady natural gradient wind serves as an upper bound for the actual wind speed. Otherwise, supergradient wind speeds are possible, meaning that a contour gradient wind or the steady natural gradient wind used as an approximation for an actual wind may not be capable of representing the full range of actual wind magnitude. C1 [Brill, Keith F.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Weather Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Brill, KF (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, NCWCP W NP32, Rm 4630,5830 Univ Res Ct, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM keith.brill@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2014 VL 142 IS 4 BP 1460 EP 1471 DI 10.1175/MWR-D-13-00088.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7IC UT WOS:000333436300005 ER PT J AU Bassim, N Scott, K Giannuzzi, LA AF Bassim, Nabil Scott, Keana Giannuzzi, Lucille A. TI Recent advances in focused ion beam technology and applications SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE focused ion beam (FIB); scanning electron microscopy (SEM); lithography; ion-solid interactions; tomography; 3D microstructure ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; TEM SPECIMEN PREPARATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS; PLASMA SOURCE; LIFT-OUT; FIB-SEM; LIQUID AB Focused ion beam microscopes are extremely versatile and powerful instruments for materials research. These microscopes, when coupled in a system with a scanning electron microscope, offer the opportunity for novel sample imaging, sectioning, specimen preparation, three-dimensional (3D) nano- to macroscale tomography, and high resolution rapid prototyping. The ability to characterize and create materials features in a site-specific manner at nanoscale resolution has provided key insights into many materials systems. The advent of novel instrumentation, such as new ion sources that encompass more and more of the periodic table, in situ test harnesses such as cryogenic sample holders for sensitive material analyses, novel detector configurations for 3D structural, chemical, and ion contrast characterization, and robust and versatile process automation capabilities, is an exciting development for many fields of materials research. C1 [Bassim, Nabil] US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Scott, Keana] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Giannuzzi, Lucille A.] LA Giannuzzi & Associates LLC, Ft Myers, FL USA. [Giannuzzi, Lucille A.] EXpressLO LLC, Ft Myers, FL USA. RP Bassim, N (reprint author), US Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM nabil.bassim@nrl.navy.mil; keana.scott@nist.gov; lucille@lagiannuzzi.com RI Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015 NR 148 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 67 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0883-7694 EI 1938-1425 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD APR PY 2014 VL 39 IS 4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1557/mrs.2014.52 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AE6LS UT WOS:000334105100010 ER PT J AU Ng, CKY Dutton, PH Chan, SKF Cheung, KS Qiu, JW Sun, YN AF Ng, Connie Ka-yan Dutton, Peter H. Chan, Simon Kin-fung Cheung, Ka-shing Qiu, Jian-wen Sun, Ya-nan TI Characterization and Conservation Concerns of Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) Nesting in Hong Kong, China SO PACIFIC SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID LEATHERBACK TURTLES; BLOOD-CELLS; SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION; HEMATOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; GENETICS; ECOLOGY; MARKERS; WINDOWS AB Hong Kong has one of the last remaining nesting populations of endangered green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in southern China. Because nesting individuals are vital to sustain populations, this study characterizes and reports essential baseline information about nesting pattern, postnesting movement, and genetic composition of green turtles nesting in Hong Kong to provide a basis for effective scientific-based management of this migratory species. The number of nesters observed in Hong Kong was relatively low compared with other rookeries in southern China, but the nesting pattern in terms of clutch size and internesting interval was comparable with that of other nearby rookeries. These nesters are likely a remnant of a small population previously depleted as a result of historical harvesting of eggs in Hong Kong. Based on available DNA sequences and literature, we identified two mtDNA haplotypes, CmP18 (which is also common in the rookery in Taiwan) and a novel endemic haplotype (CmP116). We found significant differentiation based on haplotype frequencies between populations in Hong Kong and Lanyu, Taiwan, indicating that these nesting populations are demographically isolated. Loss of these populations would therefore result in loss of genetic diversity for this species in the region. Satellite tracking of the local nesters revealed postnesting movement to foraging habitats in Vietnam and Hainan Island. International cooperation and consistent dedicated research are of paramount importance to conservation and recovery of green turtle assemblages in the region. C1 [Ng, Connie Ka-yan; Chan, Simon Kin-fung; Cheung, Ka-shing] Agr Fisheries & Conservat Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Dutton, Peter H.] NOAA, Protected Resources Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Qiu, Jian-wen; Sun, Ya-nan] Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Ng, CKY (reprint author), Agr Fisheries & Conservat Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM ka_yan_ng@afcd.gov.hk OI Qiu, Jian-Wen/0000-0002-1541-9627 FU Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China FX We thank the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China, for the generous support and resources provided for the conservation and research of sea turtles in Hong Kong. We are particularly indebted to the devoted efforts by all colleagues of AFCD involved in the monitoring work. C.K.N. would like to express her thanks and appreciation to Margaret B. Murphy, Paul Kwan-sing Lam of the City University of Hong Kong, and George H. Balazs for mentorship in academic pursuits, and also to Denise Parker for her valuable technical advice and support. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 27 PU UNIV HAWAII PRESS PI HONOLULU PA 2840 KOLOWALU ST, HONOLULU, HI 96822 USA SN 0030-8870 EI 1534-6188 J9 PAC SCI JI Pac. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 68 IS 2 BP 231 EP 243 DI 10.2984/68.2.5 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AH6JY UT WOS:000336238400005 ER PT J AU Brumbach, MT Jaye, C Ohlhausen, JT Fischer, D AF Brumbach, Michael T. Jaye, Cherno Ohlhausen, James T. Fischer, Daniel TI Imaging, work function, and compositional changes of thiols on gold via shadow mask ozonolysis SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE NEXAFS; XPS; UPS; imaging; thiol; SAM; pattern; work function ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; FLUORINATED ALKANETHIOLS; CHEMICAL LITHOGRAPHY; UV PHOTOOXIDATION; ORGANIC THIOLS; STATIC SIMS; TAIL-GROUP; FILMS; METAL; SURFACES AB Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkyl and fluorinated thiols were investigated after ozonolysis shadow mask treatments with varying areal domains and after exposure to displacing thiols. Imaging near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was used as a novel method for investigating the resulting heterogeneous SAM films. Composition and work function were characterized via X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Imaging NEXAFS characterization of these heterogeneous films clearly shows the displacement of oxidized thiols after ozonolysis patterning. Changes in the SAM after patterning, and after displacement from back-filling thiols, can be inferred from changes in the effective work function. Larger changes in work function were observed for cases where thiols were deposited after ozonolysis suggesting that the displacing SAM was denser and/or more ordered than as-deposited films. These results highlight one of the first demonstrations of imaging NEXAFS and present measurements of effective work function on intentionally heterogeneous SAM films. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Brumbach, Michael T.; Ohlhausen, James T.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Fischer, Daniel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brumbach, MT (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87123 USA. EM mtbrumb@sandia.gov FU Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX The authors are grateful for support from Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. The inclusion of company names is for completeness and does not represent an endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or Sandia National Laboratories. The authors are grateful for support from Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 60 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0142-2421 EI 1096-9918 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD APR PY 2014 VL 46 IS 4 SI SI BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1002/sia.5264 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD4XO UT WOS:000333255300005 ER PT J AU Risch, D Gales, NJ Gedamke, J Kindermann, L Nowacek, DP Read, AJ Siebert, U Van Opzeeland, IC Van Parijs, SM Friedlaender, AS AF Risch, Denise Gales, Nicholas J. Gedamke, Jason Kindermann, Lars Nowacek, Douglas P. Read, Andrew J. Siebert, Ursula Van Opzeeland, Ilse C. Van Parijs, Sofie M. Friedlaender, Ari S. TI Mysterious bio-duck sound attributed to the Antarctic minke whale (Balaenoptera bonaerensis) SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Balaenoptera bonaerensis; bio-duck; Antarctic minke whale; Southern Ocean; acoustic monitoring AB For decades, the bio-duck sound has been recorded in the Southern Ocean, but the animal producing it has remained a mystery. Heard mainly during austral winter in the Southern Ocean, this ubiquitous sound has been recorded in Antarctic waters and contemporaneously off the Australian west coast. Here, we present conclusive evidence that the bio-duck sound is produced by Antarctic minke whales (Balaenoptera bonaerensis). We analysed data from multi-sensor acoustic recording tags that included intense bio-duck sounds as well as singular downsweeps that have previously been attributed to this species. This finding allows the interpretation of a wealth of long-term acoustic recordings for this previously acoustically concealed species, which will improve our understanding of the distribution, abundance and behaviour of Antarctic minke whales. This is critical information for a species that inhabits a difficult to access sea-ice environment that is changing rapidly in some regions and has been the subject of contentious lethal sampling efforts and ongoing international legal action. C1 [Risch, Denise] Integrated Stat, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. [Gales, Nicholas J.] Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Gedamke, Jason] NOAA, Fisheries Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kindermann, Lars; Van Opzeeland, Ilse C.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Nowacek, Douglas P.; Read, Andrew J.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Siebert, Ursula] Univ Vet Med Hannover, Inst Terr & Aquat Wildlife Res, D-25761 Busum, Germany. [Van Parijs, Sofie M.] NOAA, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Risch, D (reprint author), Integrated Stat, 172 Shearwater Way, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM denise.risch@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs; US Navy Environmental Readiness Division [N45] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation's Office of Polar Programs. Additional funding to D.R. was provided by the US Navy Environmental Readiness Division (N45). NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 EI 1744-957X J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2014.0175 PG 5 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA AH0MD UT WOS:000335813100017 ER PT J AU Barzilai, S Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Barzilai, S. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI Effect of wire configuration and point defects on the conductance of gold nano-conductors SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE conductance; gold nanowire; ab initio calculations ID BAND-STRUCTURE; BEO 0001; CHAINS; ADSORPTION; TRANSPORT; NANOWIRES; JUNCTIONS; ATOMS AB Gold nanowire (NW) chains are considered a good candidate for nano-electronics devices because they exhibit remarkable structural and electrical properties. One promising nano-conductor candidate is called 'Hexa1'. It has a two-dimensional, one atom thick structure and was found to spontaneously form during simulations of gold NWs elongations. It is stable and a good conductor when adsorbed on a suitable substrate. In this study, we deepened the investigation of such a NW structure, to explore the effect of the NWs length, point defects and NW junctions on its conductance. We found that the conductance is not affected by the NW length, and that conveniently placed point defects can be used to create resistors. We also found that direction changes in circuits produce conductance bottle necks, therefore decreasing the conductance. However, this decrease can be easily overcome by adding a few atoms to the NW junction. C1 [Barzilai, S.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barzilai, S (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barzilai.shmuel@gmail.com NR 50 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 EI 1361-651X J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2014 VL 22 IS 3 AR 035006 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/22/3/035006 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA AH2LM UT WOS:000335952900016 ER PT J AU Downing, RG AF Downing, R. Gregory TI Enhanced reaction rates in NDP analysis with neutron scattering SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS AB Neutron depth profiling (NDP) makes accessible quantitative information on a few isotopic concentration profiles ranging from the surface into the sample a few micrometers. Because the candidate analytes for NDP are few, there is little interference encountered. Furthermore, neutrons have no charge so mixed chemical states in the sample are of no direct concern. There are a few nuclides that exhibit large probabilities for neutron scattering. The effect of neutron scattering on NDP measurements has not previously been evaluated as a basis for either enhancing the reaction rates or as a source of measurement error. Hydrogen is a common element exhibiting large neutron scattering probability found in or around sample volumes being analyzed by NDP. A systematic study was conducted to determine the degree of signal change when neutron scattering occurs during analysis. The relative signal perturbation was evaluated for materials of varied neutron scattering probability, concentration, total mass, and geometry. Signal enhancements up to 50% are observed when the hydrogen density is high and in close proximity to the region of analysis with neutron beams of sub thermal energies. Greater signal enhancements for the same neutron number density are reported for thermal neutron beams. Even adhesive tape used to position the sample produces a measureable signal enhancement. Because of the shallow volume, negligible distortion of the NDP measured profile shape is encountered from neutron scattering. C1 NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Downing, RG (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gregory.downing@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 AR 045109 DI 10.1063/1.4870414 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZN UT WOS:000335920600075 PM 24784661 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Marquez, FL Bierzychudek, ME Jones, GR Elmquist, RE AF Hernandez-Marquez, F. L. Bierzychudek, M. E. Jones, G. R., Jr. Elmquist, R. E. TI Precision high-value resistance scaling with a two-terminal cryogenic current comparator SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID M-OMEGA; STANDARDS; BRIDGE; SERIES; SYSTEM AB We describe a cryogenic two-terminal high-resistance bridge and its application in precision resistance scaling from the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) at R-H = R-K/2 = 12 906.4035 Omega to decade resistance standards with values between 1 M Omega and 1 G Omega. The design minimizes lead resistance errors with multiterminal connections to the QHR device. A single variable voltage source and resistive ratio windings are utilized to achieve excellent dynamic stability, which is not readily obtained in low-current measurements with conventional cryogenic current comparators (CCCs). Prototypes of this bridge have been verified by a successful international comparison of high-resistance scaling using two-terminal CCCs in the national metrology institutes of Argentina, Mexico, and the United States. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Hernandez-Marquez, F. L.] Ctr Nacl Metrol, Queretaro 76900, Mexico. [Bierzychudek, M. E.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. [Jones, G. R., Jr.; Elmquist, R. E.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elmquist, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM relmquist@nist.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 AR 044701 DI 10.1063/1.4869240 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZN UT WOS:000335920600046 PM 24784632 ER PT J AU Jimenez-Martinez, R Knappe, S Kitching, J AF Jimenez-Martinez, R. Knappe, S. Kitching, J. TI An optically modulated zero-field atomic magnetometer with suppressed spin-exchange broadening SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID WEAK MAGNETIC-FIELDS; RESONANCE AB We demonstrate an optically pumped Rb-87 magnetometer in a microfabricated vapor cell based on a zero-field dispersive resonance generated by optical modulation of the Rb-87 ground state energy levels. The magnetometer is operated in the spin-exchange relaxation-free regime where high magnetic field sensitivities can be achieved. This device can be useful in applications requiring array-based magnetometers where radio frequency magnetic fields can induce cross-talk among adjacent sensors or affect the source of the magnetic field being measured. C1 [Jimenez-Martinez, R.; Knappe, S.; Kitching, J.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jimenez-Martinez, R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jimenez-Martinez, R (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU Roberto Rocca Education Program FX The authors thank O. Alem and K. Beloy for useful comments on the manuscript. R.J.M. acknowledges support from the Roberto Rocca Education Program. This work is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the U.S. government, and is not subject to copyright. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2014 VL 85 IS 4 AR 045124 DI 10.1063/1.4872075 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AH1ZN UT WOS:000335920600090 PM 24784676 ER PT J AU Andriolo, A Zerbini, AN MoreiraA, S Pizzorno, JL Danilewicz, D Maia, YG Mamede, N Castro, FR Clapham, P AF Andriolo, Artur Zerbini, Alexandre N. MoreiraA, Sergio Pizzorno, Jose L. Danilewicz, Daniel Maia, Ygor G. Mamede, Natalia De Castro, Franciele R. Clapham, Phillip TI What do humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae) pairs do after tagging? SO ZOOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Cetacean; large whale; satellite telemetry; social behavior; SSSM ID BRAZIL BREEDING STOCK; POPULATION COMPOSITION; SATELLITE TRACKING; FEEDING GROUNDS; ANIMAL MOVEMENT; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN GULF; MIGRATION; HABITAT; WATERS AB The social structure of humpback whales in their tropical wintering grounds is very fluid. To date, no information has been published for cases in which two whales were both satellite-tagged while in association. Here, we report the movements of four humpback whale pairs tagged together off the coast of Brazil. Fieldwork and satellite tagging of humpback whales was conducted between 2003 and 2008 along the eastern coast of Brazil, between 20 S and 8 S. Movement was monitored while whales were still in their breeding ground. A switching state space model was applied to the filtered data of each humpback whale to standardize telemetry data and allow direct comparison of each individual track. GIS was used to plot model-predicted locations and to visually compare animal movements. The results confirm the short-lived nature of associations between breeding humpback whales, and shows that individuals differ widely in their movements. C1 [Andriolo, Artur; Mamede, Natalia; De Castro, Franciele R.] Univ Fed Juiz Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, BR-36036900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. [Zerbini, Alexandre N.; Clapham, Phillip] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Andriolo, Artur; Zerbini, Alexandre N.; MoreiraA, Sergio; Pizzorno, Jose L.; Danilewicz, Daniel; Maia, Ygor G.; Mamede, Natalia; De Castro, Franciele R.] Inst Aqualie, BR-36033310 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. [MoreiraA, Sergio] Univ Fed Rural Rio Janeiro, Inst Florestas, Dept Ciencias Ambientais, Lab Bioacilst Ecol Cetoceos, BR-23890000 Seropedica, RI, Brazil. [Danilewicz, Daniel] Univ Estadual Santa Cruz, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-45662900 Ilheus, BA, Brazil. RP Andriolo, A (reprint author), Univ Fed Juiz Fora, Inst Ciencias Biol, Dept Zool, Rua Jose Lourengo, BR-36036900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil. EM artur.andriolo@ufjf.edu.br RI Danilewicz, Daniel /O-5024-2014; Andriolo, Artur/K-5624-2013; Zerbini, Alexandre/G-4138-2012 OI Andriolo, Artur/0000-0002-5582-0183; FU Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [200619/2010-1 PDE]; Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [200.285/98-0]; Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA; WACFWRU/SAFS/UW; CNPq [CMC 026/02-028/03]; Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA) [009/02/CMA/IBAMA, 02001.000085/02-27]; ICMBio [11523-1] FX The Exploration and Production Division of Shell Brasil S.A have funded this study. We thank F. Caravello, P. Garcia and J. van den Dries for their interest in and support of the project. M.P. Heide-Jorgensen, M.V. Jensen, and A.V. Jensen professionally carried out tag deployment. Logistical and administrative support was provided by Biodinamica Engenharia & Meio Ambiente, the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) and the Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit (WACFWRU), School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences (SAFS), University of Washington (UW), Cascadia Research Collective and GEMARS. DNA extraction and gender determination were carried out by C. Miyaki and T. Matsumoto, Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, and A.L. Cypriano de Souza, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Assistance in the field was provided by P.C. Simoes-Lopes, G. VanBlaricon, L.C.P. de S. Alves, M.A.B. Crespo, M. de O. Dutra, M.C. de Lyra, E. Marone, J.V.A. Rocha, S. Moreira, S.M. Simao and the Atlantico Sul team in 2008. J. Waite, J. Sterling, M. Fergusson, and G. Schorr made suggestions and comments on the analysis and figures. A. Andriolo was post-doctorate at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory/NOAA supported by Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant #200619/2010-1 PDE). The Brazilian Council supported A.N.Z. for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant #200.285/98-0), the Cetacean Assessment and Ecology Program NMML/AFSC/NMFS/NOAA, and the WACFWRU/SAFS/UW. This study was conducted under permits issued by CNPq (grant #CMC 026/02-028/03) and the Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA, permit #009/02/CMA/IBAMA, process #02001.000085/02-27, ICMBio #11523-1). NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 33 PU SOC BRASILEIRA ZOOLOGIA, UNIV FEDERAL PARANA PI CURITIBA PA CAIXA POSTAL 19020, CURITIBA, PARANA 81531-980, BRAZIL SN 1984-4670 J9 ZOOLOGIA-CURITIBA JI Zoologia PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 2 BP 105 EP 113 DI 10.1590/S1984-46702014000200001 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AH3DW UT WOS:000336004500001 ER PT J AU Ronchi, E Reneke, PA Kuligowski, ED Peacock, RD AF Ronchi, Enrico Reneke, Paul A. Kuligowski, Erica D. Peacock, Richard D. TI An analysis of evacuation travel paths on stair landings by means of conditional probabilities SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Building evacuation; Merging flows; Pedestrian movement; Travel paths; Conditional probabilities AB This paper analyses data on occupants' movement on stair landings collected during an evacuation drill performed in a six-storey office building in the United States. A total of 215 occupant travel path trajectories were filmed and time on the stair landings and egress behaviours were analysed. Data were analysed using a probabilistic approach, i.e., The probability of different occupant travel paths were calculated in relation to two different factors: (1) crowding on the landings, and (2) the type of interactions between occupants (e.g., merging flows, deference/overtaking behaviours, etc.). Results showed that a higher number of occupants on stair landings caused an increase in the probability for (1) longer travel paths and (2) usage of the outer boundaries on the stair/landing connections. This paper highlights that data and modelling assumptions should be used after a careful evaluation of their field of applicability. In the case of a low occupant load and non-homogenous merging streams (a higher number of people entering the landing from the stairs than the door), floors tend to be emptied from the top to the bottom. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ronchi, Enrico] Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. [Reneke, Paul A.; Kuligowski, Erica D.; Peacock, Richard D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ronchi, E (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Fire Safety Engn, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. EM enrico.ronchi@brand.lth.se OI Ronchi, Enrico/0000-0002-2789-6359 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 EI 1873-7226 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 65 BP 30 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.02.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA AG7QG UT WOS:000335612300004 ER PT J AU Cheng, G Hammouda, B Perahia, D AF Cheng, Gang Hammouda, Boualem Perahia, Dvora TI Polystyrene-block-Polyisoprene Diblock-Copolymer Micelles: Coupled Pressure and Temperature Effects SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE block-copolymer micelles; pressure; small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) ID SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MICELLIZATION; PROPANE; MODEL; MELTS; CORE; THERMODYNAMICS; POLYBUTADIENE; ENCAPSULATION AB The structural changes of diblock-copolymer micelles under pressures from 200 to 16 000 psi are investigated using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Asymmetric polystyrene-block-polyisoprene (PS-PI) diblock copolymers are dissolved in decane, a selective solvent for PI, to form spherical micelles with a core of PS and a corona of PI. The micellar solutions are put under pressure at temperatures of 25 to 60 degrees C. At room temperature, elevating the pressure from 200 to 16 000 psi has no effect on the size of the micelles. While the micellar solutions remain stable, instantaneous association of micelles is detected. In contrast to micelles at atmospheric pressure, increasing the temperature at elevated pressures does not lead to dissociation of micelles; instead, the micelles aggregate and evolve into sheet-like structures, reminiscent of a macroscopic phase separation. Furthermore, higher pressures lead to a smaller temperature range in which shape transitions take place. C1 [Cheng, Gang] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Beijing Key Lab Bioproc, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Gang] Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Cheng, Gang; Perahia, Dvora] Clemson Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Program, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Cheng, Gang; Perahia, Dvora] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, G (reprint author), Beijing Univ Chem Technol, Beijing Key Lab Bioproc, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gchengbuct@gmail.com; dperahi@g.clemson.edu FU NSF [DMR-0203660]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX The authors acknowledge the support of NSF DMR-0203660. G.C. acknowledges Beijing University of Chemical Technology. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement no. DMR-0944772. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 EI 1521-3935 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYS JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 215 IS 8 BP 776 EP 782 DI 10.1002/macp.201300760 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AF3CM UT WOS:000334589100009 ER PT J AU Szakal, C Roberts, SM Westerhoff, P Bartholomaeus, A Buck, N Illuminato, I Canady, R Rogers, M AF Szakal, Christopher Roberts, Stephen M. Westerhoff, Paul Bartholomaeus, Andrew Buck, Neil Illuminato, Ian Canady, Richard Rogers, Michael TI Measurement of Nanomaterials in Foods: Integrative Consideration of Challenges and Future Prospects SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; NANOTECHNOLOGY; COMPOSITES AB The risks and benefits of nanomaterials in foods and food contact materials receive conflicting international attention across expert stakeholder groups as well as in news media coverage and published research. Current nanomaterial characterization is complicated by the lack of accepted approaches to measure exposure-relevant occurrences of suspected nanomaterials in food and by broad definitions related to food processing and additive materials. Therefore, to improve understanding of risk and benefit, analytical methods are needed to identify what materials, new or traditional, are "nanorelevant" with respect to biological interaction and/or uptake during alimentary tract transit. Challenges to method development in this arena include heterogeneity in nanomaterial composition and morphology, food matrix complexity, alimentary tract diversity, and analytical method limitations. Clear problem formulation is required to overcome these and other challenges and to improve understanding of biological fate In facilitating the assessment of nanomaterial safety or benefit, including sampling strategies relevant to food production/consumption and alimentary tract transit. In this Perspective, we discuss critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed so that measurement methods can better inform risk management and public policy. C1 [Szakal, Christopher] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roberts, Stephen M.] Univ Florida, Ctr Environm & Human Toxicol, Dept Environm & Global Hlth, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Westerhoff, Paul] Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Bartholomaeus, Andrew] Univ Canberra, Sch Pharm, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. [Bartholomaeus, Andrew] Univ Queensland, Therapeut Res Unit, Sch Med, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Buck, Neil] ILSI Europe Novel Foods & Nanotechnol Task Force, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. [Illuminato, Ian] Friends Earth, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Canady, Richard] ILSI Res Fdn, Ctr Risk Sci Innovat & Applicat, Washington, DC 20005 USA. [Rogers, Michael] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Rogers, Michael] Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Gastrointestinal Physiol, New Jersey Inst Food Nutr & Hlth, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Rogers, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Sch Environm & Biol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM rogers@aesop.rutgers.edu RI Bartholomaeus, Andrew/F-4417-2014; Rogers, Michael/J-1752-2014 OI Bartholomaeus, Andrew/0000-0002-9095-8460; FU Pew Charitable Trusts; U.S. Food and Drug Administration; Health Canada; ILSI North America; Coca-Cola Company; Illinois Institute of Technology's Institute for Food Safety and Health; ILSI Research Foundation FX We dedicate this article to the memory of Dr. John A. Milner, an internationally renowned, extensively published, and well-respected researcher in human nutrition. Dr. Milner was a highly valued contributor to the NanoRelease Food Additive project, and we are very grateful for his expertise and efforts as well as his friendship and guidance. Experts were convened and initial framing concepts were developed for this paper by the NanoRelease Food Additive Steering Committee (http://www.ilsi.org/ResearchFoundation/RSIA/Pages/FoodAdditiveSteeringC ommittee.aspx and http://www.ilsi.org/ResearchFoundatlon/RSIA/Pages/NRFA_TaskGroupl.aspx), which operates as an independent public-private partnership. This phase of the project was funded by the Pew Charitable Trusts, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Health Canada, ILSI North America, the Coca-Cola Company, the Illinois Institute of Technology's Institute for Food Safety and Health, and the ILSI Research Foundation. Substantial in-kind support was provided by the Nanotechnology Industries Association. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified to adequately specify the experimental procedure. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 30 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 EI 1936-086X J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD APR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 3128 EP 3135 DI 10.1021/nn501108g PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AF8UH UT WOS:000334990600004 PM 24673283 ER PT J AU Campoy-Quiles, M Alonso, MI Bradley, DDC Richter, LJ AF Campoy-Quiles, Mariano Isabel Alonso, M. Bradley, Donal D. C. Richter, Lee J. TI Advanced Ellipsometric Characterization of Conjugated Polymer Films SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE organic semiconductors; ellipsometry; optical properties; morphology; real-time in-situ spectroscopy ID LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; ANISOTROPIC OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; POLYMER/FULLERENE BLEND FILMS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT DEPENDENCE; ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAIC BLENDS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; THIN-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPIC ELLIPSOMETRY; SOLAR-CELLS AB Conjugated polymers are attracting worldwide attention due to their potential for use as the active layer in advanced electronic, optoelectronic, and energy harvesting applications, and their cost-effective and low thermal budget processing traits. As the technologies based on these materials develop, new and more sensitive characterization techniques are needed. Recent progress on the use of spectroscopic ellipsometry as a highly sensitive and non-invasive method to obtain fundamental information about conjugated polymer films is reviewed. After a brief introduction to the practical details of the technique, the use of ellipsometry to determine optical parameters that provide insight into film morphology is described, including physical phase and molecular orientation, and resulting electronic structure. The characterization of layered systems and the use of in-situ ellipsometry as a means to gain understanding of the kinetics that occur during film deposition and post-deposition thermal and solvent vapor treatment is also discussed. C1 [Campoy-Quiles, Mariano; Isabel Alonso, M.] Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona ICMAB CSIC, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Bradley, Donal D. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Bradley, Donal D. C.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Ctr Plast Elect, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Campoy-Quiles, M (reprint author), Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona ICMAB CSIC, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. EM mcampoy@icmab.es RI Alonso, Maria Isabel/A-2011-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016; Campoy-Quiles, Mariano/A-7768-2013 OI Alonso, Maria Isabel/0000-0001-7669-5871; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724; Campoy-Quiles, Mariano/0000-0002-8911-640X FU Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad [MAT2009-10642, CSD2010-00044, MAT2012-37776]; EPSRC [EPSRC EP/H000917/1, EPSRC EP/F061609/1] FX The authors thank Bernhard Dorling (ICMAB), Dr. Miquel Garriga (ICMAB), Prof. Alejandro R. Goni (ICMAB), Prof. Pablo Etchegoin (Victoria University, NZ), C. Muller (Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden), Paul Stavrinou (Imperial College London), and Prof. Jenny Nelson (Imperial College London) for very useful discussions and comments. The authors also thank Dr. Colin Belton (Imperial College) for fabricating the F8DP/PDMS bilayer structures (Figure 11). M. C.-Q. thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for funding through projects MAT2009-10642, CSD2010-00044 (Consolider NANOTHERM) and MAT2012-37776. D. D. C. B. is the Lee-Lucas Professor of Experimental Physics and acknowledges financial support from the EPSRC via the Active Plasmonics (EPSRC EP/H000917/1) and Hypix (EPSRC EP/F061609/1) grants. NR 156 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 15 U2 127 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA BOSCHSTRASSE 12, D-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X EI 1616-3028 J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 24 IS 15 BP 2116 EP 2134 DI 10.1002/adfm.201303060 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AE8VQ UT WOS:000334281400001 ER PT J AU Kiffney, PM Buhle, ER Naman, SM Pess, GR Klett, RS AF Kiffney, P. M. Buhle, E. R. Naman, S. M. Pess, G. R. Klett, R. S. TI Linking resource availability and habitat structure to stream organisms: an experimental and observational assessment SO ECOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE anadromous; body size; bottom-up; Chironomidae (Diptera); fish; growth; Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum; physical habitat structure; resource subsidies; restoration; scale; streams; Washington, USA ID JUVENILE COHO SALMON; SOUTHEAST ALASKAN STREAMS; MARINE-DERIVED NUTRIENTS; FOOD WEBS; PACIFIC SALMON; SPAWNING SALMON; WOODY DEBRIS; FRESH-WATER; EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH AB An experiment and a mark-recapture field study of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were conducted to identify controls of key energy flow chains in river food webs. In the small-scale experiment, we investigated the individual and interactive effects of physical habitat structure (PHS) as small wood and resource availability (tissue of adult Chinook salmon, O. tshawytscha) on nutrients, algae, invertebrates, and fish predators including juvenile coho. In the field, we quantified the effects of natural variation in prey availability (invertebrate drift biomass), PHS (wood), and local fish density on summer growth of juvenile coho across multiple stream reaches. Adding salmon tissue to experimental channels resulted in strong bottom-up effects on select invertebrates including increased population biomass of chironomids and baetids, the numerically dominant invertebrates, and faster growth of juvenile coho. We link the enhanced growth of coho to chironomid productivity: for instance, adult chironomid flux was 4.3x higher and coho consumption of these animals 3x higher in salmon-subsidized channels. PHS in experimental channels was associated with reduced algal biomass, potentially in response to increased invertebrate consumption, and invertebrate flux or export. The field study revealed coho growth was negatively related to PHS and total fish density and positively related to Diptera drift biomass; however, the effects of fish density and drift biomass on coho growth were relatively weak. The field study also indicated that prey resource availability and coho growth were associated with differences in canopy cover, with prey biomass and coho growth 2-4x higher in reaches receiving more sunlight. As in the experiment, coho in natural stream reaches predominantly fed on adult chironomids and other Diptera, indicating that these taxa and life-stages are a key link between the benthic food web and mobile vertebrate predators. Our study showed that bottom-up processes initiated by salmon subsidies and possibly light flux determined key trophic interactions in the Cedar River food web. Moreover, we speculate that PHS may modify some of these interactions indirectly through its effects on the movement of organisms through the environment. C1 [Kiffney, P. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div,Watershed Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kiffney, P. M.; Naman, S. M.; Pess, G. R.; Klett, R. S.] Hedmark Univ Coll, Dept Forestry & Wildlife Management, NO-2418 Elverum, Norway. [Buhle, E. R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ecosystem Anal Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div,Watershed Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov FU Cedar River Anadromous Fish Commission; Seattle Public Utilities; NOAA-Five College Internship Program; Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We would like to thank J. Cram and numerous undergraduate interns for helping with the experiment and sample processing. D. Chapin, D. Paige, H. Barnett, K. Burton, P. Faulds, G. Sprague, B. Bachen and staff at Seattle Public Utilities Cedar River Watershed helped with logistics and planning. W. Reichert and the NWFSC Stable Isotope Facility analyzed isotope samples and M. Liermann provided statistical advice. We appreciate the constructive comments of L. Marczak, J. Kiernan, K. Macneale, P. Roni, J. Ferguson, W. Cross and two anonymous reviewers on earlier drafts of the manuscript. The Cedar River Anadromous Fish Commission, Seattle Public Utilities, NOAA-Five College Internship Program, and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center supported this research. Fish used in this study were handled under a permit issued by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife to Seattle Public Utilities. NR 126 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 10 U2 71 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2150-8925 J9 ECOSPHERE JI Ecosphere PD APR PY 2014 VL 5 IS 4 AR 39 DI 10.1890/ES13-00269.1 PG 27 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AF9BT UT WOS:000335010800002 ER PT J AU Xu, YX Richlen, ML Morton, SL Mak, YL Chan, LL Tekiau, A Anderson, DM AF Xu, Yixiao Richlen, Mindy L. Morton, Steve L. Mak, Yim Ling Chan, Leo Lai Tekiau, Aranteiti Anderson, Donald M. TI Distribution, abundance and diversity of Gambierdiscus spp. from a ciguatera-endemic area in Marakei, Republic of Kiribati SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Ciguatera fish poisoning; Ciguatoxins; Gambierdiscus; Ostreopsis; HABs; Kiribati ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; GENUS GAMBIERDISCUS; INDIAN-OCEAN; FOOD-CHAIN; SP-NOV; DINOPHYCEAE; GONYAULACALES; TEMPERATURE; SEASONALITY AB Ciguatera is a serious seafood poisoning syndrome caused by the consumption of ciguatoxin-contaminated finfish from tropical and subtropical regions. This study examined the community structure of ciguatera-associated dinoflagellates and the distribution pattern, taxonomy and toxicity of Gambierdiscus spp. from a high-risk area of Marakei, Republic of Kiribati. The genera Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum, Ostreopsis, Amphidinium and Coolie were present, and generally the former three dominated the dinoflagellate assemblage. Among these three, Gambierdiscus was the most abundant dinoflagellate genus observed at three of the four sites sampled, two of which (Sites 1 and 2) were on the northern half of the island and two (Sites 3 and 4) on the southern half. The following patterns of abundance were observed among sites: (1) Average Gambierdiscus spp. abundance at the northern sites exceeded the southern sites by a factor of 1954; and (2) Gambierdiscus spp. abundance at shallow sites (2-3 m) exceeded deeper sites (10-15 m). The distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. at Marakei corresponded with previously observed patterns of fish toxicity, with fish from southern locations being much less toxic than fish sampled north of the central channel. DNA sequencing identified three Gambierdiscus species (Gambierdiscus coupenteri, Gambierdiscus belizeanus, Gambierdiscus pacificus) and three previously unreported ribotypes (Gambierdiscus sp. type 4, Gambierdiscus sp. type 5, Gambierdiscus sp. type 6) in the samples; Gambierdiscus sp. type 4 may represent a Pacific clade of Gambierdiscus sp. ribotype 1. Toxicity analyses determined that Gambierdiscus sp. type 4 isolates were more toxic than the Gambierdiscus sp. type 5 and G. pacificus isolates, with toxin contents of 2.6-6.0 (mean: 4.3 +/- 1.4), 0.010 and 0.011 fg P-CTX-1 eq cell(-1), respectively. Despite low densities of Gambierdiscus spp. observed at Marakei relative to other studies in other parts of the world, the presence of low and moderately toxic populations may be sufficient to render the western coast of Marakei a high-risk area for ciguatera. The long history of toxicity along the western side of Marakei suggests that large-scale oceanographic forcings that regulate the distribution of Gambierdiscus spp. along the western side of Marakei may have remained relatively stable over that time. Chronic as well as acute exposure to ciguatoxins may therefore pose an important human health impact to the residents of Marakei. (c) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Yixiao] Nanjing Univ, Sch Geog & Oceanog Sci, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Xu, Yixiao; Richlen, Mindy L.; Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, NOS, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Mak, Yim Ling; Chan, Leo Lai] City Univ Hong Kong, Res Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, State Key Lab Marine Pollut, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Tekiau, Aranteiti] Minist Fisheries & Marine Resources Dev, Div Fisheries, Tarawa, Kiribati. RP Richlen, ML (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM xuyixiao_77@163.com; mrichlen@whoi.edu; steve.morton@noaa.gov; yimlmak@cityu.edu.hk; leochan@cityu.edu.hk; teiti09@gmail.com; danderson@whoi.edu FU Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [U01 EH000421]; USFDA [F223201000060C]; NOAA NOS (Cooperative Agreement) [NA11NOS4780060, NA11NOS478002]; National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program) [2013CB956503]; Nonprofit Research Project for the State Oceanic Administration (China) [201005006-01]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41276110] FX The authors thank the Ministry of Fisheries & Marine Resources Development (MFMRD) of the Government of Kiribati for their support, the residents of Marakei for their kindness, hospitality and assistance with field activities, and the China Scholarship Council for their financial support. We also thank Taylor Sehein for her assistance and two anonymous reviewers for their comments. Funding for this work was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U01 EH000421), USFDA (F223201000060C), NOAA NOS (Cooperative Agreement NA11NOS4780060, NA11NOS4780028), National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China (973 Program, 2013CB956503), the Nonprofit Research Project for the State Oceanic Administration (China, 201005006-01), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41276110). This is ECOHAB contribution number ECO787.[SS] NR 57 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 35 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2014 VL 34 BP 56 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2014.02.007 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AG2VX UT WOS:000335276300007 ER PT J AU Matolak, DW Remley, KA Holloway, CL Zhang, Q Wu, Q AF Matolak, David W. Remley, Kate A. Holloway, Christopher L. Zhang, Qian Wu, Qiong TI Large-Scale Site and Frequency Diversity in Urban Peer-to-Peer Channels for Six Public-Safety Frequency Bands SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Channel characterization and modeling; propagation; public safety; wireless system ID WIRELESS NETWORKS; PROPAGATION; COMMUNICATION; MULTIPATH; INDOOR; MODEL AB We report on peer-to-peer large-scale wireless channel characteristics for an urban environment in six public-safety bands, for five simultaneous receiving sites. Results are based upon measurements taken in Denver in July 2009 with stationary receivers and a pedestrian transmitter. The six frequencies at which we measured are (in MHz) 430, 750, 905, 1834, 2400, and 4860. We quantify both site and frequency diversity, and show that 5-site selection yields minimum average gains of 15 dB in mean received power levels; 5-site selection diversity also reduces received power variation by 17-29 dB, depending on frequency. Frequency diversity yields similar gains. By approximating received powers as lognormal, we describe an analytical method to approximate the cdf of the per-site, or per-frequency (or both) maximum received power. These data and diversity models should be useful for public-safety and ad hoc communication system designers, and for cooperative diversity schemes, wherein multiple users act as a virtual array. C1 [Matolak, David W.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Remley, Kate A.; Holloway, Christopher L.] NIST, Dept Commerce, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, Qian; Wu, Qiong] Ohio Univ, Sch Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Athens, OH 45701 USA. RP Matolak, DW (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Elect Engn, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM matolak@sc.edu; kate.remley@nist.gov FU NIST Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory within the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards FX For their assistance in measurements, the authors thank Galen Koepke, Jason Coder, and Dennis Camell of NIST. We thank William F. Young of NIST for developing the uncertainty analysis for the measurement system. This work was funded by the NIST Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory within the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards, Dereck Orr, Program Manager. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1536-1276 EI 1558-2248 J9 IEEE T WIREL COMMUN JI IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. PD APR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 4 BP 2025 EP 2033 DI 10.1109/TWC.2014.022614.130816 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AG1DA UT WOS:000335154100024 ER PT J AU Li, JM Qi, YQ Jing, ZY Wang, J AF Li, Junmin Qi, Yiquan Jing, Zhiyou Wang, Jia TI Enhancement of eddy-Ekman pumping inside anticyclonic eddies with wind-parallel extension: Satellite observations and numerical studies in the South China Sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE Eddies; Ekman pumping; Wind-parallel extension; The South China Sea; Monsoons; Chlorophylls ID MESOSCALE EDDIES; SARGASSO SEA; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; WINTER 2003/2004; PHYTOPLANKTON; NUTRIENT; MONSOON; OCEAN; DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE AB Eddy-Ekman pumping was recently proposed as a potential mechanism to explain the high chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations inside anticyclonic eddies (AEs). In this paper, the influence of eddy-shape changes on the strength of eddy-Ekman pumping is investigated for AEs in the South China Sea (SCS) through multi-satellite data and numerical experiments. The results mainly indicate that wind-parallel (-perpendicular) extensions may enhance (reduce) eddy-Ekman pumping inside AEs. First an AE detected in northern SCS winter shows significant Chl-wind relation and uplifted near-surface isopycnals when its shape extension becomes parallel with the wind direction. In addition, satellite observations indicate significant eddy-Ekman-pumping signals appear in the central-northern SCS during the winter monsoon and in the central-eastern SCS during the winter and summer monsoons, whenever and wherever AEs' shapes show wind-parallel extensions. This regional-seasonal characteristic is further confirmed by the numerical experiments, which display a positive linear relationship between wind-parallel projective length and the strength of eddy-Ekman pumping. This study may contribute to extend the theory of eddy-Ekman pumping with emphasizing the importance of eddy shapes and wind directions, especially in the situations that high spatial-temporal variability appears in eddies and/or the wind field. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Li, Junmin; Qi, Yiquan; Jing, Zhiyou] Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. [Wang, Jia] NOAA Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Jing, ZY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, South China Sea Inst Oceanol, State Key Lab Trop Oceanog LTO, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. EM jingzhiyou@scsio.ac.cn RI Jing, Zhiyou/C-8747-2016; OI Wang, Jia/0000-0003-4154-9721 FU Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA11010203, XDA11020201]; Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KZCX2-EW-204, SQ201101]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [U1033003, 41 276022, 41230962]; NOAA Climate Program Office FX This study is supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA11010203 and XDA11020201), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-EW-204 and SQ201101) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1033003, 41 276022 and 41230962). JW is supported by NOAA Climate Program Office. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 EI 1879-1573 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD APR PY 2014 VL 132 BP 150 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2014.02.002 PG 12 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AE6XN UT WOS:000334141400013 ER PT J AU Manley, ME Lynn, JW Abernathy, DL Specht, ED Delaire, O Bishop, AR Sahul, R Budai, JD AF Manley, M. E. Lynn, J. W. Abernathy, D. L. Specht, E. D. Delaire, O. Bishop, A. R. Sahul, R. Budai, J. D. TI Phonon localization drives polar nanoregions in a relaxor ferroelectric SO NATURE COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ANDERSON LOCALIZATION; CRYSTALS; SCATTERING; BEHAVIOR; MODES AB Relaxor ferroelectrics exemplify a class of functional materials where interplay between disorder and phase instability results in inhomogeneous nanoregions. Although known for about 30 years, there is no definitive explanation for polar nanoregions (PNRs). Here we show that ferroelectric phonon localization drives PNRs in relaxor ferroelectric PMN-30% PT using neutron scattering. At the frequency of a preexisting resonance mode, nanoregions of standing ferroelectric phonons develop with a coherence length equal to one wavelength and the PNR size. Anderson localization of ferroelectric phonons by resonance modes explains our observations and, with nonlinear slowing, the PNRs and relaxor properties. Phonon localization at additional resonances near the zone edges explains competing antiferroelectric distortions known to occur at the zone edges. Our results indicate the size and shape of PNRs that are not dictated by complex structural details, as commonly assumed, but by phonon resonance wave vectors. This discovery could guide the design of next generation relaxor ferroelectrics. C1 [Manley, M. E.; Specht, E. D.; Delaire, O.; Budai, J. D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Abernathy, D. L.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Bishop, A. R.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Sahul, R.] TRS Technol, State Coll, PA 16801 USA. RP Manley, ME (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM manleyme@ornl.gov RI Abernathy, Douglas/A-3038-2012; Manley, Michael/N-4334-2015; BL18, ARCS/A-3000-2012; Budai, John/R-9276-2016 OI Abernathy, Douglas/0000-0002-3533-003X; Budai, John/0000-0002-7444-1306 FU US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division; National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce; US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences FX Research was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, US Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The portion of this research performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. We acknowledge discussions with Takeshi Egami, Sergey Vakhrushev and Alexander Taganstev. We also thank Judy Pang, Ben Larson and Chen Li for proof reading the manuscript. NR 44 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 78 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 2041-1723 J9 NAT COMMUN JI Nat. Commun. PD APR PY 2014 VL 5 AR 3683 DI 10.1038/ncomms4683 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AG2CB UT WOS:000335221900002 PM 24718289 ER PT J AU White, JW Rassweiler, A Samhouri, JF Stier, AC White, C AF White, J. Wilson Rassweiler, Andrew Samhouri, Jameal F. Stier, Adrian C. White, Crow TI Ecologists should not use statistical significance tests to interpret simulation model results SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEMS; FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE; SENSITIVITY; COMMUNITY; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATION; INDICATORS; DISPERSAL; STABILITY; ECOSYSTEM AB Simulation models are widely used to represent the dynamics of ecological systems. A common question with such models is how changes to a parameter value or functional form in the model alter the results. Some authors have chosen to answer that question using frequentist statistical hypothesis tests (e.g. ANOVA). This is inappropriate for two reasons. First, p-values are determined by statistical power (i.e. replication), which can be arbitrarily high in a simulation context, producing minuscule p-values regardless of the effect size. Second, the null hypothesis of no difference between treatments (e.g. parameter values) is known a priori to be false, invalidating the premise of the test. Use of p-values is troublesome (rather than simply irrelevant) because small p-values lend a false sense of importance to observed differences. We argue that modelers should abandon this practice and focus on evaluating the magnitude of differences between simulations. Synthesis Researchers analyzing field or lab data often test ecological hypotheses using frequentist statistics (t-tests, ANOVA, etc.) that focus on p-values. Field and lab data usually have limited sample sizes, and p-values are valuable for quantifying the probability of making incorrect inferences in that situation. However, modern ecologists increasingly rely on simulation models to address complex questions, and those who were trained in frequentist statistics often apply the hypothesis-testing approach inappropriately to their simulation results. Our paper explains why p-values are not informative for interpreting simulation models, and suggests better ways to evaluate the ecological significance of model results. C1 [White, J. Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Rassweiler, Andrew] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Samhouri, Jameal F.] NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Stier, Adrian C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [White, Crow] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP White, JW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM whitejw@uncw.edu FU Florida Sea Grant [PD/12-18]; Killam Fellowship FX Authorship statement: all authors designed the study; JWW wrote the manuscript with input from all authors. AR, JFS, ACS and CW contributed equally and their author order is alphabetical. JWW was supported by Florida Sea Grant PD/12-18. ACS was supported by a Killam Fellowship. We thank the Subject Editor for suggestions that improved this manuscript. We also respectfully acknowledge the authors whose works we singled out for discussion. We thank O. Shelton, M. Mangel and the Subject Editor for suggestions that improved the manuscript. NR 29 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 8 U2 59 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0030-1299 EI 1600-0706 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD APR PY 2014 VL 123 IS 4 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.01073.x PG 4 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE9MD UT WOS:000334331000001 ER PT J AU Li, J Du, J Zhang, DL Cui, CG Liao, YS AF Li, Jun Du, Jun Zhang, Da-Lin Cui, Chunguang Liao, Yishan TI Ensemble-based analysis and sensitivity of mesoscale forecasts of a vortex over southwest China SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE targeted observation; ensemble analysis; real-time research; Southwest Vortex; ensemble sensitivity; ensemble prediction system ID STORM RECONNAISSANCE PROGRAM; ADAPTIVE OBSERVATIONS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; ADJOINT-SENSITIVITY; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; SINGULAR VECTORS; TIBETAN PLATEAU; KALMAN FILTER; INITIAL PERTURBATIONS; CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS AB In this study, an ensemble analysis and sensitivity experiment of a mesovortex over southwest China (Southwest Vortex, SWV) are performed with a regional ensemble prediction system in order to demonstrate: (i) the usefulness of an ensemble prediction system for diagnosing the dynamical and thermodynamical characteristics leading to the SWV's eastward movement and growth; and (ii) the potential importance of adopting targeted observations in improving short-range weather forecasts by applying a simple technique. Results show significant variations in forecast performance, ranging from good to poor, among 11 ensemble members. By examining two distinct clusters ('moving' and 'staggering') of the ensemble members it is found that a strong upper-level trough with positive vorticity advection near the vortex centre, its westward vertical tilt and lower-level downstream wet and upstream dry moisture configuration favour the eastward movement and growth of the SWV. Ensemble sensitivity analysis shows that: (i) a simple correlation-based ensemble sensitivity method works well in identifying sensitive areas of mesoscale forecasts of the SWV; (ii) the forecast of the SWV movement and intensity is especially sensitive to initial conditions of horizontal wind and moisture fields; and (iii) unlike the medium-range forecast in which a sensitive region is often traced back to an area far upstream in association with a Rossby-wave packet, sensitive regions in short-range forecasts appear to be directly related to the meteorological system of interest located not far upstream. Based on the results, we suggest that field experiments of targeted observations potentially can be designed using this simple ensemble sensitivity approach to improve short-range weather forecasts associated with SWVs. C1 [Li, Jun; Cui, Chunguang; Liao, Yishan] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Hubei Key Lab Heavy Rain Monitoring & Warning Res, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Li, Jun; Cui, Chunguang; Liao, Yishan] Chinese Meteorol Adm, Wuhan Inst Heavy Rain, Wuhan, Peoples R China. [Du, Jun] NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Zhang, Da-Lin] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Du, J (reprint author), NOAA, NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Jun.Du@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Da-Lin/F-2634-2010 OI Zhang, Da-Lin/0000-0003-1725-283X FU NSF [ATM0758609]; [NSFC41275107]; [GYHY200906010] FX This research was supported by NSFC41275107 and GYHY200906010. The first author (JL) would also like to thank the University of Maryland for hosting his 3-month visit at the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science. DLZ was supported by NSF ATM0758609. We wish to thank Ms. Mary Hart, EMC/NCEP Information Officer, for her editorial assistance in improving the readability of this manuscript. The constructive comments and suggestions from Dr. Yong Wang and other two anonymous reviewers have greatly improved the quality of the article during the revision process. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 680 BP 766 EP 782 DI 10.1002/qj.2200 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7WU UT WOS:000334926800004 ER PT J AU Smith, RK Montgomery, MT Thomsen, GL AF Smith, Roger K. Montgomery, Michael T. Thomsen, Gerald L. TI Sensitivity of tropical-cyclone models to the surface drag coefficient in different boundary-layer schemes SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE frictional drag; surface drag coefficient; hurricanes; typhoons; boundary layer; tropical cyclones ID SEA INTERACTION THEORY; TURBULENT FLUXES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; PART I; HURRICANES; PARAMETERIZATION; INTENSIFICATION; PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERE; INTENSITY AB The recent study of the sensitivity of tropical-cyclone intensification to the surface drag coefficient in a three-dimensional model by Montgomery et al. is extended to include a wind-speed-dependent drag coefficient and one of four boundary-layer parametrization schemes: the bulk, Blackadar, MRF and Gayno-Seaman schemes. The schemes are slightly modified to have the same drag coefficient formulation and the same constant exchange coefficients for sensible heat and moisture. Interest is focussed on the change in intensity of the azimuthally-averaged tangential wind speed and change in the low-level vortex structure when the standard value of the drag coefficient is halved or doubled. Changing the drag coefficient provides insight into unbalanced effects in the boundary layer and their impact on the vortex evolution and structure. The changes in vortex behaviour with changing drag coefficient are qualitatively similar for all schemes, the maximum intensification occurring for a value somewhere near the standard value of the drag coefficient. The interpretation given to explain this behaviour underlines the intrinsically unbalanced nature of the boundary-layer dynamics, although, for reasons discussed, a complete theory for the behaviour does not exist. The behaviour found is at odds with the predictions of Emanuel's (balance) theory for the maximum intensity of a tropical-cyclone, which predicts a monotonic decrease in intensity with the drag coefficient if the enthalpy exchange coefficient is held fixed. It is at odds also with a recent numerical study of the maximum intensity by Bryan and Rotunno. The study underscores the importance of boundary-layer dynamics in models for forecasting tropical-cyclone intensity and the need for care in choosing a boundary-layer scheme. However, it is not yet known which boundary-layer formulation is the most appropriate for this purpose, highlighting the need for a concerted research effort in this direction. C1 [Smith, Roger K.; Thomsen, Gerald L.] Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, D-80333 Munich, Germany. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL USA. RP Smith, RK (reprint author), Univ Munich, Inst Meteorol, Theresienstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM roger.smith@lmu.de FU German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) [SM30/23-1]; US Office of Naval Research [N0001411Wx20095]; NSF [AGS-0733380, AGS-0851077]; NOAA's Hurricane Research Division; NASA [NNH09AK561, NNG09HG031] FX We thank Sarah Jones, Jeff Kepert and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments on the original version of this manuscript. RKS and GT acknowledge financial support for hurricane research from the German Research Council (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) under grant no. SM30/23-1. MTM acknowledges the support of grant no. N0001411Wx20095 from the US Office of Naval Research and NSF AGS-0733380 and NSF AGS-0851077, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division and NASA grants NNH09AK561 and NNG09HG031. NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 680 BP 792 EP 804 DI 10.1002/qj.2057 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7WU UT WOS:000334926800006 ER PT J AU Ran, LK Li, XF AF Ran, Lingkun Li, Xiaofan TI Sensitivity of cloud-resolving precipitation simulations to uncertainty of radiation calculation: Effects of large-scale forcing SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving model; radiation parametrization; sensitivity; precipitation simulation ID SUMMER HEAVY RAINFALL; DEEP CONVECTION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; SOUTHERN CHINA; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; MESOSCALE; WATER AB The sensitivity of precipitation simulations to the uncertainty of radiation calculation is examined through the analysis of two sets of sensitivity experiments imposed by large-scale forcing from weak tropical rainfall (weak forcing) and pre-summer heavy rainfall events (strong forcing). Several simulations with perturbed solar and infrared radiative heating in different vertical layers are compared to a control simulation. In the weak-forcing case, the precipitation simulation is more sensitive to the uncertainties of solar radiation calculation and less sensitive to the uncertainties of infrared radiation calculation in the lower troposphere than in the upper troposphere. In the strong-forcing case, precipitation simulation is insensitive to the uncertainty of solar radiation calculation, but is more sensitive to the uncertainty of infrared radiation calculation in the lower troposphere than in the upper troposphere. The precipitation simulation is more sensitive to the uncertainty of radiation calculations in the weak-forcing case than in the strong-forcing case. Simulated precipitation sensitivity to perturbations in lower-tropospheric radiative heating is associated with changes in water vapour convergence and condensation. The analysis of root-mean-squared difference and standard deviation shows that the root-mean-squared differences are similar in the two cases, but the increased magnitude in upward motion significantly causes a large rainfall fluctuation and also causes a larger standard deviation in the strong-forcing case than in the weak-forcing case. As a result, the increase in magnitude of upward motions leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the precipitation simulation to the uncertainty of radiation calculation. C1 [Ran, Lingkun] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD USA. RP Ran, LK (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM rlk@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2013CB430105, 2009CB421505]; Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Ministry of Sciences and Technology [GYHY200906004]; CAMS [2011LASW-B15]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41175060, 41075098, 41005005] FX The authors thank W.-K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for the cloud-resolving model and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grants Nos. 2013CB430105 and 2009CB421505), the Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Ministry of Sciences and Technology (Grant No. GYHY200906004), the project of CAMS (Grant No. 2011LASW-B15), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41175060, 41075098 and 41005005). NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2014 VL 140 IS 680 BP 838 EP 845 DI 10.1002/qj.2203 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AF7WU UT WOS:000334926800010 ER PT J AU van Zoelen, W Buss, HG Ellebracht, NC Lynd, NA Fischer, DA Finlay, J Hill, S Callow, ME Callow, JA Kramer, EJ Zuckermann, RN Segalman, RA AF van Zoelen, Wendy Buss, Hilda G. Ellebracht, Nathan C. Lynd, Nathaniel A. Fischer, Daniel A. Finlay, John Hill, Sophie Callow, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Kramer, Edward J. Zuckermann, Ronald N. Segalman, Rachel A. TI Sequence of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Residues in Amphiphilic Polymer Coatings Affects Surface Structure and Marine Antifouling/Fouling Release Properties SO ACS MACRO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FOULING-RELEASE; SIDE-CHAINS; ALGA ULVA; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; FLUORINE-FREE; SETTLEMENT; ZOOSPORES; BEHAVIOR; PDMS AB Amphiphilic polymers, specifically combinations of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues, have been shown to be effective as antifouling materials against the algae Ulva linza and Navicula diatoms. Here we use the inherent sequence specificity of polypeptoids made by solid-phase synthesis to show that the sequence of hydrophilic (methoxy) and hydrophobic (fluorinated) moieties affects both antifouling and fouling release of U. linza. The platform used to test these sequences was a polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide-co-allyl glycidyl ether) (PS-b-P(EO-co-AGE)) scaffold, where the polypeptoids are attached to the scaffold using thiol-ene click chemistry. The fluorinated moiety is very surface active and directs the surface composition of the polymer thin film. The position and number of fluorinated groups in the polypeptoid are shown to affect both the surface composition and antifouling properties of the film. Specifically, the position of the fluorinated units in the peptoid chain changes the surface chemistry and the antifouling behavior, while the number of fluorinated residues affects the fouling-release properties. C1 [van Zoelen, Wendy; Buss, Hilda G.; Ellebracht, Nathan C.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Lynd, Nathaniel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Joint Ctr Artificial Photosynth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Zuckermann, Ronald N.; Segalman, Rachel A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Finlay, John; Hill, Sophie; Callow, Maureen E.; Callow, James A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Segalman, RA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM segalman@berkeley.edu RI Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; OI Segalman, Rachel/0000-0002-4292-5103 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [N00014-08-1-0010, N000141110325]; Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO); National Science Foundation; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10] FX This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) in the form of a Presidential Early Career Award (PECASE) in Science and Engineering for R.A.S. and via awards N00014-08-1-0010 (J.A.C. and M.E.C.) and N000141110325 (E.J.K.). W.v.Z. gratefully acknowledges The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for a Rubicon fellowship. H.G.B. acknowledges the National Science Foundation for a graduate fellowship. Polypeptoid synthesis and characterization were performed at the Molecular Foundry, a Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory user Facility supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. Use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract DE-AC02-98CH10. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 11 U2 147 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 2161-1653 J9 ACS MACRO LETT JI ACS Macro Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 3 IS 4 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1021/mz500090n PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA AF4CD UT WOS:000334658100015 ER PT J AU Li, JH Baker, BA Mou, XN Ren, N Qiu, JC Boughton, RI Liu, H AF Li, Jianhua Baker, Bryan A. Mou, Xiaoning Ren, Na Qiu, Jichuan Boughton, Robert I. Liu, Hong TI Biopolymer/Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering SO ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biopolymers; calcium phosphate; scaffold; tissue engineering ID MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS; MARROW STROMAL CELLS; IN-VIVO BIOCOMPATIBILITY; SILK-BASED BIOMATERIALS; STARCH-BASED SCAFFOLDS; SIMULATED BODY-FLUID; COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS; BACTERIAL CELLULOSE; CROSS-LINKING; GENE DELIVERY AB With nearly 30 years of progress, tissue engineering has shown promise in developing solutions for tissue repair and regeneration. Scaffolds, together with cells and growth factors, are key components of this development. Recently, an increasing number of studies have reported on the design and fabrication of scaffolding materials. In particular, inspired by the nature of bone, polymer/ceramic composite scaffolds have been studied extensively. The purpose of this paper is to review the recent progress of the naturally derived biopolymers and the methods applied to generate biomimetic biopolymer/calcium phosphate composites as well as their biomedical applications in bone tissue engineering. C1 [Li, Jianhua; Ren, Na; Qiu, Jichuan; Liu, Hong] Shandong Univ, State Key Lab Crystal Mat, Jinan 250100, Peoples R China. [Baker, Bryan A.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mou, Xiaoning; Liu, Hong] Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing Inst Nanoenergy & Nanosyst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Boughton, Robert I.] Bowling Green State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bowling Green, OH 43403 USA. RP Baker, BA (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.baker@nist.gov; hongliu@sdu.edu.cn RI Li, Jianhua/H-9872-2016 OI Li, Jianhua/0000-0001-5227-8627 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China [51372142]; National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars [NSFDYS: 50925205]; Innovation Research Group [IRG: 51021062]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; "thousands talents" program for pioneer researcher and his innovation team, China FX The authors are thankful for funds from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51372142), National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (NSFDYS: 50925205), Innovation Research Group (IRG: 51021062) and the "100 Talents Program" of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Thanks for the support from the "thousands talents" program for pioneer researcher and his innovation team, China. NR 161 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 11 U2 104 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 2192-2640 EI 2192-2659 J9 ADV HEALTHC MATER JI Adv. Healthc. Mater. PD APR PY 2014 VL 3 IS 4 BP 469 EP 484 DI 10.1002/adhm.201300562 PG 16 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AE8VZ UT WOS:000334282400001 PM 24339420 ER PT J AU Renchen, GF Pittman, SJ Clark, R Caldow, C Gall, S Olsen, D Hill, RL AF Renchen, Gabrielle F. Pittman, Simon J. Clark, Randy Caldow, Chris Gall, Sarah Olsen, David Hill, Ronald L. TI Impact of derelict fish traps in Caribbean waters: an experimental approach SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID REEF FISHES; CORAL-REEF; COMMUNITIES; CATCHES; NETS; HABITATS; DENSITY; COAST; SIZE; USA AB Fish traps are a widely used fishing gear throughout the Caribbean Sea, but become marine debris when lost or abandoned, with uncertain impacts to coral reef ecosystems. Derelict fish traps are thought to cause fish mortality through unintentional fishing or ghost fishing; yet no scientific studies have been conducted to quantify the threat from ghost fishing in Caribbean waters. Using an experimental approach, 12 unbaited traps were deployed at nearshore and offshore locations in the US Virgin Islands to simulate derelict traps. Six traps were set with escape panels closed (fishing) and six had escape panels open. Frequent underwater visual surveys of fishes inside and surrounding traps were conducted to quantify fish assemblage composition, body size, fish behavior, condition, and mortality over 6 mo. Twenty mortalities (2% of trapped fish observed) were documented. All but one mortality occurred in closed traps with an estimated total market value of US$160 over 6 mo or US$52 per trap annually. Skin abrasions were observed on 34 fishes. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of time on trapped fish assemblages regardless of the location. The results demonstrate that ghost fishing does occur, but that simple modifications to fishing gear such as correctly functioning escape panels will significantly reduce mortality from ghost fishing. Further reduction of impact from derelict traps can be achieved through implementation of land-based trap disposal programs. C1 [Renchen, Gabrielle F.; Pittman, Simon J.] Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.; Caldow, Chris] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Clark, Randy] NOAA, Biogeog Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Pittman, Simon J.; Gall, Sarah] Univ Plymouth, Ctr Marine & Coastal Policy Res, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Pittman, Simon J.; Gall, Sarah] Univ Plymouth, Marine Biol & Ecol Res Ctr, Inst Marine, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. [Olsen, David] St Thomas Fishermens Assoc, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. [Hill, Ronald L.] NOAA, NMFS, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Renchen, GF (reprint author), Univ Virgin Isl, Ctr Marine & Environm Studies, 2 John Brewers Bay, St Thomas, VI 00802 USA. EM gabby.folger@gmail.com OI Gall, Sarah/0000-0002-1187-3267 FU NOAA Marine Debris Program FX The authors would like to thank the NOAA Marine Debris Program for providing funding. Special thanks are extended to Bamford, M Monaco, and T Battista for contributions to the initiation and management of the project. We owe much gratitude to the local fishermen, particularly members of the St. Thomas Fishermen's Association. Valuable logistical and field advice was provided by S Prosterman and I Byrne at the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI). We also owe much gratitude to Professor B Clarke (Plymouth Marine Laboratory), co-developer of PRIMER for valuable statistical guidance. For field assistance we thank UVI graduate students; J Renchen, R Brewer, B Legare, S Hitt, and L Henderson. The project and manuscript were greatly improved with comments from R Nemeth, M Brandt, A Dikou, and a number of anonymous reviewers. This is contribution #82 for the Center for Marine and Environmental Studies at the University of the Virgin Islands. NR 45 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 21 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 90 IS 2 BP 551 EP 563 DI 10.5343/bms.2012.1103 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA AF8OQ UT WOS:000334975900001 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Garboczi, EJ Lu, Y Martys, N Sakulich, AR Weiss, WJ AF Bentz, Dale P. Garboczi, Edward J. Lu, Yang Martys, Nicos Sakulich, Aaron R. Weiss, W. Jason TI Modeling of the influence of transverse cracking on chloride penetration into concrete (vol 38, pg 65, 2013) SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Correction C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Garboczi, Edward J.; Lu, Yang; Martys, Nicos; Sakulich, Aaron R.; Weiss, W. Jason] NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov RI Sakulich, Aaron/G-6010-2014 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 EI 1873-393X J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD APR PY 2014 VL 48 BP 162 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.12.011 PG 1 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA AF1OW UT WOS:000334484200018 ER PT J AU Burger, JL Lovestead, TM Gough, RV Bruno, TJ AF Burger, Jessica L. Lovestead, Tara M. Gough, Raina V. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Characterization of the Effects of Cetane Number Improvers on Diesel Fuel Volatility by Use of the Advanced Distillation Curve Method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID DECREASED PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; OXYGENATE ADDITIVES; THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; MIXTURES; HYDRODESULFURIZATION; HYDROGENATION; PERFORMANCE; COMBUSTION; CATALYSTS; GASOLINE AB The cetane number (CN) is a measure of the ignition quality of a fuel for compression-ignition engines according to the self-ignition delay. If the CN of a fuel is too low, chemical compounds known as CN. improvers may be added to increase both the CN and performance of the fuel. The addition of CN improvers is dependent upon the detailed properties of the particular fuel. While many fuel properties are important for design, the vapor liquid equilibrium, as described by volatility, is very sensitive to composition. In this work, we measured blends of diesel fuel with the following CN improvers: amyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrite, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, and the multi-component CN improver PM-1, in diesel fuel by use of the advanced distillation curve (ADC) method to determine the amount of CN improver in the various distillate volume fractions. Tracking the CN improver throughout the volatility profile of diesel fuels provides valuable information for determining structural property relationships, and moreover, it provides the basis for the development of equations of state that can describe the thermodynamic properties of these complex mixtures, with specific attention paid to additives. We have found that the addition of CN improvers significantly decreases the temperature at which boiling begins and that the majority of the CN improver is thermolytically degraded before the first drop can be collected. These observations are supported by low-pressure ADC, where the CN improver was found in fractions up to 30%. These results have implications in the prediction of thermophysical properties of diesel fuel with CN improvers. C1 [Burger, Jessica L.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Gough, Raina V.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU federal America Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) FX Jessica L. Burger acknowledges the federal America Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) support for research performed at NIST, Boulder, CO, for this work. Raina V. Gough acknowledges the National Academy of Science/National Research Council postdoctoral associateship program. The assistance of Dr. Jason A. Widegren with the NMR measurements is gratefully acknowledged. NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 EI 1520-5029 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD APR PY 2014 VL 28 IS 4 BP 2437 EP 2445 DI 10.1021/ef5000547 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA AF5CD UT WOS:000334730700017 ER PT J AU Lu, JS Bertoni, HL Remley, KA Young, WF Ladbury, J AF Lu, Jonathan S. Bertoni, Henry L. Remley, Kate A. Young, William F. Ladbury, John TI Site-Specific Models of the Received Power for Radio Communication in Urban Street Canyons SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE Channel model; diffraction; DSA; LOS; MANET; NLOS; path loss; scattering; urban propagation; VANET ID PROPAGATION MODEL; ENVIRONMENTS; DIFFRACTION; PREDICTION; MICROCELLS; BAND AB This paper presents site-specific models for the real-time prediction of the received power from waves propagating through urban street canyons (i.e., in the horizontal plane containing the transmitter and receiver) for radio communication in urban environments. The line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) models presented here are based on the two-ray model and are used to predict the small-area average received power (i.e., long-term/shadow fading and distance-dependence). These models have two adjustable parameters that account for clutter such as road traffic and pedestrians, and for scattering from objects and buildings at street intersections, respectively. Validation of these models is performed with mobile-to-mobile measurements recorded in the high-rise sections of Denver and New York City for frequencies ranging from 430 MHz to 4.86 GHz. C1 [Lu, Jonathan S.; Bertoni, Henry L.] NYU, Polytech Sch Engn, NYU Wireless Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. [Remley, Kate A.; Young, William F.; Ladbury, John] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lu, JS (reprint author), NYU, Polytech Sch Engn, NYU Wireless Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM lushiaoen@gmail.com; hbertoni@poly.edu; kate.remley@nist.gov; william.young@nist.gov; john.ladbury@nist.gov FU Wireless Internet Center for Advanced Technology (WICAT), NSF I/UCRC, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering; NIST Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory FX This work was funded by the Wireless Internet Center for Advanced Technology (WICAT), NSF I/UCRC, New York University Polytechnic School of Engineering. The Denver measurements used in this work were funded by the NIST Public Safety Communications Research Laboratory. NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-926X EI 1558-2221 J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD APR PY 2014 VL 62 IS 4 BP 2192 EP 2200 DI 10.1109/TAP.2013.2297164 PN 2 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA AF5HN UT WOS:000334744700044 ER PT J AU Sagdeev, DI Fomina, MG Mukhamedzyanov, GK Abdulagatov, IM AF Sagdeev, D. I. Fomina, M. G. Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh Abdulagatov, I. M. TI Experimental Study and Correlation Models of the Density and Viscosity of 1-Hexene and 1-Heptene at Temperatures from (298 to 473) K and Pressures up to 245 MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES EXCESS; PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ELEVATED PRESSURES; BINARY-MIXTURES; IONIC LIQUIDS; TAIT EQUATION; ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITIES; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOLS AB The density and viscosity of liquid 1-hexene and 1-heptene have been simultaneously measured over the temperature range from (298 to 473) K and pressures up to 245 MPa using the hydrostatic weighing and falling-body techniques, respectively. The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and viscosity measurements at the 95 % confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.15 % to 0.30 %, 0.05 %, 0.02 K, and 1.5 % to 2.0 % (depending on temperature and pressure ranges), respectively. The measured densities were used to develop a Tait-type equation of state for liquid 1-hexene and 1-heptene. Theoretically based Arrhenius-Andrade and Vogel-Tamman-Fulcher (VTF) type equations with pressure-dependent coefficients were used to represent the temperature and pressure dependences of the measured viscosities for liquid 1-hexene and 1-heptene. Also the friction theory (FT) viscosity model together with derived Tait-type equation of state (EOS) was used to accurately represent measured viscosity data. The measured values of the density and viscosity of 1-hexene and 1-heptene in the liquid phase were compared in detail with reported data and with the values calculated from correlations. C1 [Sagdeev, D. I.; Fomina, M. G.; Mukhamedzyanov, G. Kh] Kazan State Technol Univ, Kazan, Russia. [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 81 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD APR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 4 BP 1105 EP 1119 DI 10.1021/je401015e PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AF2VY UT WOS:000334571800021 ER PT J AU Das, S Louis, T Nolta, MR Addison, GE Battistelli, ES Bond, JR Calabrese, E Crichton, D Devlin, MJ Dicker, S Dunkley, J Dunner, R Fowler, JW Gralla, M Hajian, A Halpern, M Hasselfield, M Hilton, M Hincks, AD Hlozek, R Huffenberger, KM Hughes, JP Irwin, KD Kosowsky, A Lupton, RH Marriage, TA Marsden, D Menanteau, F Moodley, K Niemack, MD Page, LA Partridge, B Reese, ED Schmitt, BL Sehgal, N Sherwin, BD Sievers, JL Spergel, DN Staggs, ST Swetz, DS Switzer, ER Thornton, R Trac, H Wollack, E AF Das, Sudeep Louis, Thibaut Nolta, Michael R. Addison, Graeme E. Battistelli, Elia S. Bond, J. Richard Calabrese, Erminia Crichton, Devin Devlin, Mark J. Dicker, Simon Dunkley, Joanna Duenner, Rolando Fowler, Joseph W. Gralla, Megan Hajian, Amir Halpern, Mark Hasselfield, Matthew Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hlozek, Renee Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Irwin, Kent D. Kosowsky, Arthur Lupton, Robert H. Marriage, Tobias A. Marsden, Danica Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Niemack, Michael D. Page, Lyman A. Partridge, Bruce Reese, Erik D. Schmitt, Benjamin L. Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Sievers, Jonathan L. Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Swetz, Daniel S. Switzer, Eric R. Thornton, Robert Trac, Hy Wollack, Ed TI The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: temperature and gravitational lensing power spectrum measurements from three seasons of data SO JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE CMBR experiments; gravitational lensing; Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect; CMBR theory ID SOUTH-POLE TELESCOPE; MICROWAVE BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES; DAMPING TAIL; 148 GHZ; MAPS; CONSTRAINTS; PARAMETERS; SCALE; FIELD; QUAD AB We present the temperature power spectra. of the cosmic microwave background (CMD) derived from the three seasons of data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) at 148 Ealiz and 218 GHz as well as the (Toss-frequency spectrum between the two channels. We detect and correct. for contamination due to the Galactic cirrus in our equatorial maps. We present the results of a number of tests for possible systematic error and conclude that any effects are not significant compared to the statistical errors we quote. Where they overlap we cross-correlate the ACT and the South Pole Telescope (APT) maps and show they are consistent. The measurements of higher-order peaks in the CMB power spectrum provide an additional test of the ACDM cosmological model, and help constrain extensions beyond the standard model. The small angular scale power sped rum also provides constraining power on the Sunyaev-Zel'clovich effects and extragalactic foregrounds. We also present a measurement of the CMB gravitational lensing convergence power spectrum at 4.6 sigma detection significance. C1 [Das, Sudeep] Argonne Natl Lab, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Ctr Cosmol Phys, LBL, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Das, Sudeep] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Louis, Thibaut; Addison, Graeme E.; Calabrese, Erminia; Dunkley, Joanna] Univ Oxford, Sub Dept Astrophys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England. [Nolta, Michael R.; Bond, J. Richard; Hajian, Amir; Hincks, Adam D.; Sievers, Jonathan L.; Switzer, Eric R.] Univ Toronto, Canadian Inst Theoret Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Addison, Graeme E.; Battistelli, Elia S.; Halpern, Mark; Hasselfield, Matthew] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Battistelli, Elia S.] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dept Phys, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Crichton, Devin; Gralla, Megan; Marriage, Tobias A.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Devlin, Mark J.; Dicker, Simon; Marsden, Danica; Reese, Erik D.; Schmitt, Benjamin L.; Thornton, Robert] Univ Penn, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Duenner, Rolando] Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Astrofis, Santiago 22, Chile. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Swetz, Daniel S.] NIST, Quantum Devices Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fowler, Joseph W.; Niemack, Michael D.; Page, Lyman A.; Sherwin, Blake D.; Sievers, Jonathan L.; Staggs, Suzanne T.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hasselfield, Matthew; Hlozek, Renee; Marriage, Tobias A.; Spergel, David N.] Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hilton, Matt] Univ Nottingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Ctr Astron & Particle Theory, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Hilton, Matt; Moodley, Kavilan] Univ KwaZulu Natal, Sch Math Stat & Comp Sci, Astrophys & Cosmol Res Unit, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa. [Huffenberger, Kevin M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. [Hughes, John P.; Menanteau, Felipe] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kosowsky, Arthur] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Phys & Astron, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Marsden, Danica] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Niemack, Michael D.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Partridge, Bruce] Haverford Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Haverford, PA 19041 USA. [Sehgal, Neelima] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Thornton, Robert] West Chester Univ Pennsylvania, Dept Phys, W Chester, PA 19383 USA. [Trac, Hy] Carnegie Mellon Univ, McWilliams Ctr Cosmol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Wollack, Ed] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Das, S (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439 USA. EM sudeepphys@gmail.com RI Trac, Hy/N-8838-2014; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Trac, Hy/0000-0001-6778-3861; Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Huffenberger, Kevin/0000-0001-7109-0099; Menanteau, Felipe/0000-0002-1372-2534; Sievers, Jonathan/0000-0001-6903-5074 FU U.S. National Science Foundation [AST-0408698, AST-0965625]; ACT project [PHY-0855887, PHY-1214379]; Princeton University; University of Pennsylvania; Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award; Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT); CFI; Compute Canada; Government of Ontario; Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; University of Toronto; David Schramm Fellowship at Argonne National Laboratory; Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics fellowship; FONDECYT grant; BASAL grant FX This work was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation through awards AST-0408698 and AST-0965625 for the ACT project, as well as awards PHY-0855887 and PHY-1214379. Funding was also provided by Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, and a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI) award to ITBC. ACT operates in the Parque Astronomico Atacama in northern Chile under the auspices of the Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the CFI under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, the Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence; and the University of Toronto. SD acknowledges support from the David Schramm Fellowship at Argonne National Laboratory and the Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics fellowship. RD acknowledges support from FONDECYT and BASAL grants. NR 47 TC 111 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 12 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1475-7516 J9 J COSMOL ASTROPART P JI J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 IS 4 AR 014 DI 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/04/014 PG 36 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AF1TK UT WOS:000334496500014 ER PT J AU McEwen, M DeWerd, L Ibbott, G Followill, D Rogers, DWO Seltzer, S Seuntjens, J AF McEwen, Malcolm DeWerd, Larry Ibbott, Geoffrey Followill, David Rogers, David W. O. Seltzer, Stephen Seuntjens, Jan TI Addendum to the AAPM's TG-51 protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon beams SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE photon beams; dosimetry protocol; ionization chamber; beam quality conversion factors; kQ; uncertainty analysis; absorbed dose calibration coefficients ID CYLINDRICAL IONIZATION CHAMBERS; QUALITY CORRECTION FACTORS; ION RECOMBINATION CORRECTIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; ABSORBED-DOSE RATIOS; AIR CAVITY SIZE; ELECTRON-BEAMS; EFFECTIVE POINT; LINEAR-ACCELERATOR; RADIATION-THERAPY AB An addendum to the AAPM's TG-51 protocol for the determination of absorbed dose to water in megavoltage photon beams is presented. This addendum continues the procedure laid out in TG-51 but new k(Q) data for photon beams, based on Monte Carlo simulations, are presented and recommendations are given to improve the accuracy and consistency of the protocol's implementation. The components of the uncertainty budget in determining absorbed dose to water at the reference point are introduced and the magnitude of each component discussed. Finally, the consistency of experimental determination of N-D,N-w coefficients is discussed. It is expected that the implementation of this addendum will be straightforward, assuming that the user is already familiar with TG-51. The changes introduced by this report are generally minor, although new recommendations could result in procedural changes for individual users. It is expected that the effort on the medical physicist's part to implement this addendum will not be significant and could be done as part of the annual linac calibration. (C) 2014 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [McEwen, Malcolm] CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [DeWerd, Larry] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [Ibbott, Geoffrey] Univ Texas Houston, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Radiat Phys, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Followill, David] IROC Houston QA Ctr, Radiol Phys Ctr, Houston, TX 77054 USA. [Rogers, David W. O.] Carleton Univ, Dept Phys, Carleton Lab Radiotherapy Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Seltzer, Stephen] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seuntjens, Jan] McGill Univ, Med Phys Unit, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP McEwen, M (reprint author), CNR, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, Canada. EM malcolm.mcewen@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Grams, Michael/G-5197-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [U10 CA010953, U24 CA180803] NR 110 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 41 IS 4 AR 041501 DI 10.1118/1.4866223 PG 20 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AE8XT UT WOS:000334287000003 PM 24694120 ER PT J AU Kim, D Syers, P Butch, NP Paglione, J Fuhrer, MS AF Kim, Dohun Syers, Paul Butch, Nicholas P. Paglione, Johnpierre Fuhrer, Michael S. TI Ambipolar Surface State Thermoelectric Power of Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Topological insulators; thermoelectric power; ambipolar electric field effect; bismuth selenide; charge transfer doping ID TRANSPORT; GRAPHENE; BI2TE3 AB We measure gate-tuned thermoelectric power of mechanically exfoliated Bi2Se3 thin films in the topological insulator regime. The sign of the thermoelectric power changes across the charge neutrality point as the majority carrier type switches from electron to hole, consistent with the ambipolar electric field effect observed in conductivity and Hall effect measurements. Near the charge neutrality point and at low temperatures, the gate-dependent thermoelectric power follows the semiclassical Mott relation using the expected surface state density of states but is larger than expected at high electron doping, possibly reflecting a large density of states in the bulk gap. The thermoelectric power factor shows significant enhancement near the electron-hole puddle carrier density similar to 0.5 x 10(12) cm(-2) per surface at all temperatures. Together with the expected reduction of lattice thermal conductivity in low-dimensional structures, the results demonstrate that nanostructuring and Fermi level tuning of three-dimensional topological insulators can be promising routes to realize efficient thermoelectric devices. C1 [Kim, Dohun; Syers, Paul; Paglione, Johnpierre; Fuhrer, Michael S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Butch, Nicholas P.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fuhrer, Michael S.] Monash Univ, Sch Phys, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Fuhrer, MS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM michael.fuhrer@monash.edu RI Fuhrer, Michael/E-7634-2010 OI Fuhrer, Michael/0000-0001-6183-2773 FU NSF [DMR-1105224, DMR-0952716]; NSF MRSEC [DMR-0520471]; Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials; ARC Laureate Fellowship FX This work was supported by NSF Grant DMR-1105224. Preparation of Bi2Se3 was supported by NSF MRSEC (DMR-0520471) and NSF (DMR-0952716). N.P.B. was partially supported by the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials. M.S.F. is supported by an ARC Laureate Fellowship. NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 14 U2 111 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1701 EP 1706 DI 10.1021/nl4032154 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AF2WE UT WOS:000334572400002 PM 24605897 ER PT J AU Boyerinas, BM Roythurd, AL Bruck, HA AF Boyerinas, Brad M. Roythurd, Alexander L. Bruck, Hugh A. TI Formation of Self-Assembled Nanoplates via Hydrogenation of Epitaxial Pd Film SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Metal hydride; coherent phase; epitaxy; nanostructure; self-assembly ID OPEN 2-PHASE SYSTEMS; COHERENT INTERFACES; PALLADIUM; THERMODYNAMICS; ALLOYS AB Understanding the relationship between the uptake of hydrogen gas and hydride phase formation and evolution in metal solids is a phenomenon of significant technological importance due to current development of hydrogen storage devices, sensors, and membranes. The performance of these devices is degraded by structural defect formation during incoherent metal-hydride phase transformation. In this work, atomic force and scanning electron microscopy reveal formation of nanoplates along the (111) directions in a (111) epitaxial Pd film. These nanostructures are observed after high temperature and high pressure gas phase hydrogenation and cooling in ambient temperature. Transmission electron microsocpy (TEM) analysis of a posthydrogenated film did not show considerable plastic deformation. The size of the nanoplates increased with increasing Pd film thickness. A formation mechanism of nanoplates is proposed: cooling the sample reactor in ambient temperature after hydrogen loading induced formation of coherent or partially coherent beta-phase plates along {100} planes corresponding to minimum elastic energy of interaction between metal and hydride phases. C1 [Boyerinas, Brad M.; Bruck, Hugh A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roythurd, Alexander L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Boyerinas, BM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brad.boyerinas@nist.gov FU NSF-DMR [0907122]; AFOSR [FA9550-12-1-0158] FX The authors would like to acknowledge Leo Bendersky of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MD) for acquiring the electron diffraction patterns presented in this work. This work was funded by NSF-DMR #0907122. Also, support from AFOSR grant FA9550-12-1-0158 with Dr. Byung-Lip "Les" Lee program manager is greatly appreciated. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1818 EP 1822 DI 10.1021/nl404410v PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AF2WE UT WOS:000334572400020 PM 24588220 ER PT J AU Parrott, BB Bowden, JA Kohno, S Cloy-McCoy, JA Hale, MD Bangma, JT Rainwater, TR Wilkinson, PM Kucklick, JR Guillette, LJ AF Parrott, Benjamin B. Bowden, John A. Kohno, Satomi Cloy-McCoy, Jessica A. Hale, Matthew D. Bangma, Jacqueline T. Rainwater, Thomas R. Wilkinson, Phillip M. Kucklick, John R. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. TI Influence of tissue, age, and environmental quality on DNA methylation in Alligator mississippiensis SO REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Copenhagen Workshop on Endocrine Disrupters CY MAY 28-31, 2013 CL Copenhagen, DENMARK ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CONTAMINATED ENVIRONMENT; 5-METHYLCYTOSINE CONTENT; AMERICAN ALLIGATORS; GLOBAL METHYLATION; HEALTHY-SUBJECTS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HYPOMETHYLATION; EXPOSURE; FLORIDA AB Epigenetic modifications are key mediators of the interactions between the environment and an organism's genome. DNA methylation represents the best-studied epigenetic modification to date and is known to play key roles in regulating transcriptional activity and promoting chromosome stability. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the utility of the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis) as a sentinel species to investigate the persistent effects of environmental contaminant exposure on reproductive health. Here, we incorporate a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to directly measure the total ( global) proportion of 5-methyl-2'-deoxycytidine (5mdC) in ovarian and whole blood DNA from alligators. Global DNA methylation in ovaries was significantly elevated in comparison with that of whole blood. However, DNA methylation appeared similar in juvenile alligators reared under controlled laboratory conditions but originating from three sites with dissimilar environmental qualities, indicating an absence of detectable site-of-origin effects on persistent levels of global 5mdC content. Analyses of tissues across individuals revealed a surprising lack of correlation between global methylation levels in blood and ovary. In addition, global DNA methylation in blood samples from juvenile alligators was elevated compared with those from adults, suggesting that age, as observed in mammals, may negatively influence global DNA methylation levels in alligators. To our knowledge, this is the first study examining global levels of DNA methylation in the American alligator and provides a reference point for future studies examining the interplay of epigenetics and environmental factors in a long-lived sentinel species. C1 [Parrott, Benjamin B.; Kohno, Satomi; Cloy-McCoy, Jessica A.; Hale, Matthew D.; Bangma, Jacqueline T.; Rainwater, Thomas R.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Parrott, Benjamin B.; Bowden, John A.; Kohno, Satomi; Cloy-McCoy, Jessica A.; Hale, Matthew D.; Bangma, Jacqueline T.; Rainwater, Thomas R.; Kucklick, John R.; Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bowden, John A.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston, SC USA. [Rainwater, Thomas R.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wilkinson, Phillip M.] Tom Yawkey Wildlife Ctr, Georgetown, SC 29440 USA. RP Parrott, BB (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM benbparrott@gmail.com NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 18 PU BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD PI BRISTOL PA EURO HOUSE, 22 APEX COURT WOODLANDS, BRADLEY STOKE, BRISTOL BS32 4JT, ENGLAND SN 1470-1626 J9 REPRODUCTION JI Reproduction PD APR PY 2014 VL 147 IS 4 SI SI BP 503 EP 513 DI 10.1530/REP-13-0498 PG 11 WC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology SC Developmental Biology; Reproductive Biology GA AE8YA UT WOS:000334287700018 PM 24398872 ER PT J AU Gallagher, ES Mansfield, E Aspinwall, CA AF Gallagher, Elyssia S. Mansfield, Elisabeth Aspinwall, Craig A. TI Stabilized phospholipid membranes in chromatography: toward membrane protein- functionalized stationary phases SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Affinity chromatography; Immobilized artificial membrane; Immobilized liposome chromatography; Polymerizable phospholipid; Stationary phase; Transmembrane protein ID GLUCOSE-TRANSPORTER GLUT1; AFFINITY-CHROMATOGRAPHY; LIPID-MEMBRANES; POLYMERIZATION; COLUMN; SEPARATIONS; FABRICATION; RECEPTORS; COATINGS AB Transmembrane protein (TMP)-functionalized materials have resulted in powerful new methods in chemical analysis. Of particular interest is the development of high-throughput, TMP-functionalized stationary phases for affinity chromatography of complex mixtures of analytes. Several natural and synthetic phospholipids and lipid mimics have been used for TMP reconstitution, although the resulting membranes often lack the requisite chemical and temporal stability for long-term use, a problem that is exacerbated in flowing separation systems. Polymerizable lipids with markedly increased membrane stability and TMP functionality have been developed over the past two decades. More recently, these lipids have been incorporated into a range of analytical methods, including separation techniques, and are now poised to have a significant impact on TMP-based separations. Here, we describe current methods for preparing TMP-containing stationary phases and examine the potential utility of polymerizable lipids in TMP affinity chromatography. C1 [Gallagher, Elyssia S.; Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Aspinwall, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM aspinwal@email.arizona.edu FU National Institutes of Health [GM095763] FX This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health under grant number GM095763. The authors would like to express our gratitude to L. Kofi Bright Jr for assistance with the graphics. NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 EI 1618-2650 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2014 VL 406 IS 9-10 BP 2223 EP 2229 DI 10.1007/s00216-013-7545-2 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AE7IP UT WOS:000334171200001 PM 24390459 ER PT J AU Liu, JY Murphy, KE MacCuspie, RI Winchester, MR AF Liu, Jingyu Murphy, Karen E. MacCuspie, Robert I. Winchester, Michael R. TI Capabilities of Single Particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for the Size Measurement of Nanoparticles: A Case Study on Gold Nanoparticles SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID COLLOID ANALYSIS; ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ICP-MS; TRANSFORMATIONS; NANOMATERIALS; ENVIRONMENT AB The increasing application of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in consumer and medical products has motivated the development of single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) for characterizing nanoparticles under realistic environmental exposure conditions. Recent studies have established a set of metrological criteria and evaluated the feasibility of spICP-MS for sizing or quantifying various highly commercialized ENMs. However, 20 less is known about the performance of spICP-MS for detecting nanoparticles with sizes greater than 80 nm. This paper presents a systematic study on spICP-MS for accurate size measurement of gold nanoparticles from 10 to 200 nm. We show that dwell time contributes significantly to the quality of data, with the optimal dwell time that limits split particle events, particle coincidences and false positives being 10 ms. A simple approach to correct for split particle events is demonstrated. We show that transient features of single particle events can be temporally resolved on a conventional quadrupole ICP-MS system using a sufficiently short dwell time (0.1 ms). We propose an intensity-size diagram for estimating the linear dynamic size range and guiding the selection of ICP-MS operating conditions. The linear dynamic size range of the ICP-MS system under standard (highest) sensitivity conditions is 10 to 70 nm but can be further extended to 200 nm by operating in less sensitive modes. Finally, the ability of spICP-MS to characterize heterogeneous forms of metal containing nanoparticles is evaluated in mixtures containing both dissolved and poly disperse nanoparticulate Au. C1 [Liu, Jingyu; Murphy, Karen E.; Winchester, Michael R.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Jingyu; MacCuspie, Robert I.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Winchester, MR (reprint author), NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mwinchester@nist.gov RI Liu, Jingyu/A-1503-2015; OI MacCuspie, Robert/0000-0002-6618-6499 NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 82 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3405 EP 3414 DI 10.1021/ac403775a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AE2AV UT WOS:000333776600023 PM 24575780 ER PT J AU Szakal, C Ugelow, MS Gorham, JM Konicek, AR Holbrook, RD AF Szakal, Christopher Ugelow, Melissa S. Gorham, Justin M. Konicek, Andrew R. Holbrook, R. David TI Visualizing Nanoparticle Dissolution by Imaging Mass Spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SILVER NANOPARTICLES; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; METAL NANOCLUSTERS; SURFACES; RELEASE; CITRATE; ENVIRONMENT; CHEMISTRY; KINETICS; GROWTH AB We demonstrate the ability to visualize nanoparticle dissolution while simultaneously providing chemical signatures that differentiate between citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), AgNPs forced into dissolution via exposure to UV radiation, silver nitrate (AgNO3), and AgNO3/citrate deposited from aqueous solutions and suspensions. We utilize recently developed inkjet printing (IJP) protocols to deposit the different solutions/suspensions as NP aggregates and soluble species, which separate onto surfaces in situ, and collect mass spectral imaging data via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). Resulting 2D Ag+ chemical images provide the ability to distinguish between the different Ag-containing starting materials and, when coupled with mass spectral peak ratios, provide information-rich data sets for quick and reproducible visualization of NP-based aqueous constituents. When compared to other measurements aimed at studying NP dissolution, the IJP-TOF-SIMS approach offers valuable information that can potentially help in understanding the complex equilibria in NP-containing solutions and suspensions, including NP dissolution kinetics and extent of overall dissolution. C1 [Szakal, Christopher; Ugelow, Melissa S.; Gorham, Justin M.; Konicek, Andrew R.; Holbrook, R. David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Szakal, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cszakal@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3517 EP 3524 DI 10.1021/ac404153q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AE2AV UT WOS:000333776600037 PM 24611464 ER PT J AU Sikorsky, AA Fourkas, JT Ross, D AF Sikorsky, Alison A. Fourkas, John T. Ross, David TI Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis with Field-Amplified Continuous Sample Injection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; CHANNEL CURRENT DETECTION; LARGE-VOLUME STACKING; ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; SENSITIVITY; MICROCHIPS; ELECTROCHROMATOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS; ENRICHMENT AB The integration of simple and robust device components required for the successful adaptation of many analytical methods to multiplexed and field-portable devices often has negative effects on detection sensitivity, such as in the optical detection components in a capillary electrophoresis (CE) system. One of the simplest methods to improve sensitivity in the CE field is known as sample stacking. This method involves preparing the sample in a buffer with a different concentration (and conductivity) than that of the run buffer so that when an electric field is applied the analyte concentration is increased at the boundary between the two different buffer concentrations. Here, we describe a method in which the sample is prepared in a buffer at a lower concentration than the run buffer coupled with a recently described counterflow electrophoresis method, gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE), with channel current detection. Because of the continuous sample introduction with GEMBE, we refer to the method as field-amplified continuous sample injection (FACSI). This method achieves a significantly greater signal enhancement than expected for sample stacking. For example, we achieve signal enhancement of 110x with a conductivity ratio of 8.21, and using the detection of arsenate in drinking water as a model system, we have achieved a limit of detection (LOD) improvement of approximately 60x (LODs with and without FACSI are 200 nmol/L and 12 mu mol/L, respectively) with a conductivity ratio of approximately 5.93. C1 [Sikorsky, Alison A.; Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Sikorsky, Alison A.; Ross, David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Inst Phys Sci & Technol, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Fourkas, John T.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov RI Fourkas, John/B-3500-2009 OI Fourkas, John/0000-0002-4522-9584 NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 EI 1520-6882 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 86 IS 7 BP 3625 EP 3632 DI 10.1021/ac500242a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AE2AV UT WOS:000333776600051 PM 24576193 ER PT J AU Pollock, MM Beechie, TJ Wheaton, JM Jordan, CE Bouwes, N Weber, N Volk, C AF Pollock, Michael M. Beechie, Timothy J. Wheaton, Joseph M. Jordan, Chris E. Bouwes, Nick Weber, Nicholas Volk, Carol TI Using Beaver Dams to Restore Incised Stream Ecosystems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem restoration; stream restoration; conservation; beaver; Castor canadensis ID MOUNTAIN DRAINAGE BASINS; CHANNEL INCISION; CENTRAL OREGON; RIVER-BASIN; FLOODPLAIN; EVOLUTION; SALMON; WOOD; MORPHOLOGY; PREDATION AB Biogenic features such as beaver dams, large wood, and live vegetation are essential to the maintenance of complex stream ecosystems, but these features are largely absent from models of how streams change over time. Many streams have incised because of changing climate or land-use practices. Because incised streams provide limited benefits to biota, they are a common focus of restoration efforts. Contemporary models of long-term change in streams are focused primarily on physical characteristics, and most restoration efforts are also focused on manipulating physical rather than ecological processes. We present an alternative view, that stream restoration is an ecosystem process, and suggest that the recovery of incised streams is largely dependent on the interaction of biogenic structures with physical fluvial processes. In particular, we propose that live vegetation and beaver dams or beaver dam analogues can substantially accelerate the recovery of incised streams and can help create and maintain complex fluvial ecosystems. C1 [Pollock, Michael M.; Beechie, Timothy J.; Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Wheaton, Joseph M.] Utah State Univ, Watershed Sci Dept, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Bouwes, Nick; Weber, Nicholas] Eco Log Res, Logan, UT USA. [Volk, Carol] South Fork Res, North Bend, WA USA. RP Pollock, MM (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michael.pollock@noaa.gov RI Wheaton, Joseph/F-1965-2010 OI Wheaton, Joseph/0000-0002-8361-8150 FU NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration); NWFSC; Bonneville Power Administration FX The authors are grateful to Brian Cluer and Ellen Wohl, two forward-thinking scientists who helped inspire the ideas developed in this Overview. Ian Tattam also provided excellent commentary and lively feedback over the course of many field expeditions to examine degraded streams and beaver ponds. We are thankful to Carol Evans of the Bureau of Land Management, who has been actively using beaver to restore incised streams and who provided the photographs used in figure 6 of this article. George Pess, Phil Roni, and Peter Kiffney provided internal Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NWFSC) peer reviews of the manuscript, and three anonymous reviewers provided additional peer review, all of which helped improve the quality of this work. Funding for this project was provided by internal NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) and NWFSC funds, and the Bonneville Power Administration provided funding for a related field study that was essential in the development of the concepts put forth in this article. NR 62 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 9 U2 112 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD APR PY 2014 VL 64 IS 4 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1093/biosci/biu036 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA AE7AA UT WOS:000334147900007 ER PT J AU Kang, SM Held, IM Xie, SP AF Kang, Sarah M. Held, Isaac M. Xie, Shang-Ping TI Contrasting the tropical responses to zonally asymmetric extratropical and tropical thermal forcing SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE AMOC; Zonal homogenization; Zonal advection ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ENERGY BUDGET; GCM; PACIFIC; ITCZ; ENSO AB The mechanism is investigated by which extratropical thermal forcing with a finite zonal extent produces global impact. The goal is to understand the near-global response to a weakened Atlantic meridional overturning circulation suggested by paleoclimate data and modeling studies. An atmospheric model coupled to an aquaplanet slab mixed layer ocean, in which the unperturbed climate is zonally symmetric, is perturbed by prescribing cooling of the mixed layer in the Northern Hemisphere and heating of equal magnitude in the Southern Hemisphere, over some finite range of longitudes. In the case of heating/cooling confined to the extratropics, the zonally asymmetric forcing is homogenized by midlatitude westerlies and extratropical eddies before passing on to the tropics, inducing a zonally symmetric tropical response. In addition, the zonal mean responses vary little as the zonal extent of the forced region is changed, holding the zonal mean heating fixed, implying little impact of stationary eddies on the zonal mean. In contrast, when the heating/cooling is confined to the tropics, the zonally asymmetric forcing produces a highly localized response with slight westward extension, due to advection by mean easterly trade winds. Regardless of the forcing location, neither the spatial structure nor the zonal mean responses are strongly affected by wind-evaporation-sea surface temperature feedback. C1 [Kang, Sarah M.] UNIST, Sch Urban & Environm Engn, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. [Held, Isaac M.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Xie, Shang-Ping] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, NJ USA. RP Kang, SM (reprint author), UNIST, Sch Urban & Environm Engn, 100 Banyeon Ri, Ulsan 689798, South Korea. EM skang@unist.ac.kr RI Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009 OI Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325 FU National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF); Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning [2013R1A1A3004589]; NSF FX We thank one anonymous reviewer for constructive comments that helped greatly to improve earlier version of the manuscript. SMK is supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (2013R1A1A3004589) and SPX is supported by NSF. NR 25 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 2033 EP 2043 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1863-0 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5ZP UT WOS:000334068100020 ER PT J AU Jha, B Hu, ZZ Kumar, A AF Jha, Bhaskar Hu, Zeng-Zhen Kumar, Arun TI SST and ENSO variability and change simulated in historical experiments of CMIP5 models SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CLIMATE; FORECASTS; SKILL; CCSM3; OCEAN AB This work documents the diversity in Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models in simulating different aspects of sea surface temperature (SST) variability, particularly those associated with the El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as the impact of low-frequency variations on the ENSO variability and its global teleconnection. The historical simulations (1870-2005) include 10 models with ensemble member ranging from 3 to 10 that are forced with observed atmospheric composition changes reflecting both natural and anthropogenic forcings. It is shown that the majority of the CMIP5 models capture the relative large SST anomaly variance in the tropical central and eastern Pacific, as well as in North Pacific and North Atlantic. The frequency of ENSO is not well captured by almost all models, particularly for the period of 5-6 years. The low-frequency variations in SST caused by external forcings affect the SST variability and also modify the global teleconnection of ENSO. The models reproduce the global averaged SST low-frequency variations, particularly since 1970s. However, majority of the models are unable to correctly simulate the spatial pattern of the observed SST trends. These results suggest that it is still a challenge to reproduce the features of global historical SST variations with the state-of-the-art coupled general circulation model. C1 [Jha, Bhaskar; Hu, Zeng-Zhen; Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Sci Technol & Engn Grp, Houston, TX USA. RP Jha, B (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM bhaskar.jha@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 42 IS 7-8 BP 2113 EP 2124 DI 10.1007/s00382-013-1803-z PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5ZP UT WOS:000334068100025 ER PT J AU Gallagher, ES Adem, SM Bright, LK Calderon, IAC Mansfield, E Aspinwall, CA AF Gallagher, Elyssia S. Adem, Seid M. Bright, Leonard K. Calderon, Isen A. C. Mansfield, Elisabeth Aspinwall, Craig A. TI Hybrid phospholipid bilayer coatings for separations of cationic proteins in capillary zone electrophoresis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Capillary coatings; CZE; Hybrid bilayers; Phospholipids; Proteins ID SURFACTANT COATINGS; FUSED-SILICA; MEMBRANES; ADSORPTION; LIPOSOMES; BUFFERS; AIR AB Protein separations in CZE suffer from nonspecific adsorption of analytes to the capillary surface. Semipermanent phospholipid bilayers have been used to minimize adsorption, but must be regenerated regularly to ensure reproducibility. We investigated the formation, characterization, and use of hybrid phospholipid bilayers (HPBs) as more stable biosurfactant capillary coatings for CZE protein separations. HPBs are formed by covalently modifying a support with a hydrophobic monolayer onto which a self-assembled lipid monolayer is deposited. Monolayers prepared in capillaries using 3-cyanopropyldimethylchlorosilane (CPDCS) or n-octyldimethylchlorosilane (ODCS) yielded hydrophobic surfaces with lowered surface free energies of 6.0 +/- 0.3 or 0.2 +/- 0.1mJm(-2), respectively, compared to 17 +/- 1mJm(-2) for bare silica capillaries. HPBs were formed by subsequently fusing vesicles comprised of 1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine or 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine to CPDCS- or ODCS-modified capillaries. The resultant HPB coatings shielded the capillary surface and yielded reduced electroosmotic mobility (1.3-1.9x10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1)) compared to CPDCS- and ODCS-modified or bare capillaries (3.6 +/- 0.2x10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), 4.8 +/- 0.4x10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), and 6.0 +/- 0.2x10(-4)cm(2)V(-1)s(-1), respectively), with increased stability compared to phospholipid bilayer coatings. HPB-coated capillaries yielded reproducible protein migration times (RSD 3.6%, n 6) with separation efficiencies as high as 200000 plates/m. C1 [Gallagher, Elyssia S.; Bright, Leonard K.; Calderon, Isen A. C.; Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Adem, Seid M.] Washburn Univ, Dept Chem, Topeka, KS 66621 USA. [Mansfield, Elisabeth] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Aspinwall, Craig A.] Univ Arizona, Inst BIO5, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Aspinwall, CA (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1306 E Univ Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM aspinwal@email.arizona.edu FU Biological Chemistry Program [NIH T32 GM008804]; National Institutes of Health [GM095763] FX ESG was supported by a graduate training fellowship through the Biological Chemistry Program (NIH T32 GM008804). This work was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (GM095763). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this document. Such identification does not imply recommendations or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the products identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 4 U2 30 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0173-0835 EI 1522-2683 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD APR PY 2014 VL 35 IS 8 BP 1099 EP 1105 DI 10.1002/elps.201300537 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AE6SX UT WOS:000334126600003 PM 24459085 ER PT J AU Overdick, AA Busby, MS Blood, DM AF Overdick, Ashlee A. Busby, Morgan S. Blood, Deborah M. TI Descriptions of eggs of snailfishes (family Liparidae) from the Bering Sea and eastern North Pacific Ocean SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Elassodiscus tremebundus; Paraliparis rosaceus; Careproctus colletti; Careproctus melanurus; hatching glands ID GOLDEN KING CRAB; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; LOPHOLITHODES-FORAMINATUS; LITHODES-AEQUISPINUS; GENUS CAREPROCTUS; BOX CRAB; SCORPAENIFORMES; TELEOSTEI; FISH; REDESCRIPTION AB Eggs of liparid fishes were collected by bottom trawl in the southeastern Bering Sea and removed from an oceanographic mooring cable off the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Eggs were large with embryos most commonly in late flexion to postflexion stages. Based on meristic counts and collection localities, eggs were identified as Elassodiscus tremebundus, Paraliparis rosaceus, and Careproctus sp. (either Careproctus colletti or Careproctus melanurus). Eggs of E. tremebundus are oval with a smooth, opaque chorion. Eggs of P. rosaceus are spherical and the chorion is sculptured with a uniformly pebbled texture. Eggs of Careproctus sp. are slightly oval and the chorion is smooth and opaque. Embryos of all species are unpigmented. A pelvic disk is present in embryos of E. tremebundus, but it is rudimentary: a small patch of tissue that was visible only after embryos were cleared and stained. Adults of the genus Paraliparis do not have a pelvic disk and no disk was observed in developing embryos. Embryos of Careproctus sp. have a large disk with rays visible in later stages. Hatching glands are present on the head and nape of embryos of all three species. Hatching glands of E. tremebundus are separated into bands across the snout, along the jaws and opercle, and in a patch on the nape, while those of P. rosaceus and Careproctus sp. are evenly distributed over the head and nape. This is the first full description of the embryonic stages of these taxa. C1 [Overdick, Ashlee A.; Busby, Morgan S.; Blood, Deborah M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Overdick, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ashlee.overdick@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER JAPAN KK PI TOKYO PA CHIYODA FIRST BLDG EAST, 3-8-1 NISHI-KANDA, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 101-0065, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 EI 1616-3915 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD APR PY 2014 VL 61 IS 2 BP 131 EP 141 DI 10.1007/s10228-013-0384-5 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA AF0QG UT WOS:000334418500004 ER PT J AU Aitken, ML Banta, RM Pichugina, YL Lundquist, JK AF Aitken, Matthew L. Banta, Robert M. Pichugina, Yelena L. Lundquist, Julie K. TI Quantifying Wind Turbine Wake Characteristics from Scanning Remote Sensor Data SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Inverse methods; Renewable energy; Field experiments; Stochastic models; Wind; Remote sensing ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; DOPPLER LIDAR; COMPLEX TERRAIN; POWER DEFICITS; FLOW; FARMS; MODEL; SPEED; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISPERSION AB Because of the dense arrays at most wind farms, the region of disturbed flow downstream of an individual turbine leads to reduced power production and increased structural loading for its leeward counterparts. Currently, wind farm wake modeling, and hence turbine layout optimization, suffers from an unacceptable degree of uncertainty, largely because of a lack of adequate experimental data for model validation. Accordingly, nearly 100 h of wake measurements were collected with long-range Doppler lidar at the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in the Turbine Wake and Inflow Characterization Study (TWICS). This study presents quantitative procedures for determining critical parameters from this extensive dataset-such as the velocity deficit, the size of the wake boundary, and the location of the wake centerline-and categorizes the results by ambient wind speed, turbulence, and atmospheric stability. Despite specific reference to lidar, the methodology is general and could be applied to extract wake characteristics from other remote sensor datasets, as well as computational simulation output. The observations indicate an initial velocity deficit of 50%-60% immediately behind the turbine, which gradually declines to 15%-25% at a downwind distance x of 6.5 rotor diameters (D). The wake expands with downstream distance, albeit less so in the vertical direction due to the presence of the ground: initially the same size as the rotor, the extent of the wake grows to 2.7D (1.2D) in the horizontal (vertical) at x = 6.5D. Moreover, the vertical location of the wake center shifts upward with downstream distance because of the tilt of the rotor. C1 [Aitken, Matthew L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Banta, Robert M.; Pichugina, Yelena L.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Pichugina, Yelena L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lundquist, Julie K.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Aitken, ML (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 390 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM matthew.aitken@colorado.edu RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI LUNDQUIST, JULIE/0000-0001-5490-2702 FU U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies program FX It is our distinct pleasure to thank Alan Brewer, Raul Alvarez, and Scott Sandberg at NOAA for their efforts in collecting, processing, and interpreting the HRDL data. Much credit goes to Kelley Hestmark, a recent graduate of the University of Colorado Boulder, for her assistance with the initial data analysis. We are also immensely grateful for the help of Michael Ritzwoller and Balaji Rajagopalan at the University of Colorado Boulder, who both graciously offered indispensable advice regarding parameter estimation and inverse problems. Many thanks also to Andrew Clifton at NREL for his encouragement and valuable suggestions, to Neil Kelley for helping design the experiment, and to Jeffrey Mirocha at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for technical management of the project. We greatly appreciate the staff of the turbine manufacturer for its facilitation of observational periods. This work benefited greatly from anonymous reviewer comments and was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies program, under the direction of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. NR 56 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 765 EP 787 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00104.1 PG 23 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6XX UT WOS:000334142400002 ER PT J AU Wang, WH Zou, CZ AF Wang, Wenhui Zou, Cheng-Zhi TI AMSU-A-Only Atmospheric Temperature Data Records from the Lower Troposphere to the Top of the Stratosphere SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Satellite observations; Climate change; Stratosphere; Climate records; Climate variability; Troposphere ID MSU; CONSTRUCTION AB The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A, 1998-present) not only continues but surpasses the Microwave Sounding Unit's (MSU, 1978-2006) capability in atmospheric temperature observation. It provides valuable satellite measurements for higher vertical resolution and long-term climate change research and trend monitoring. This study presented methodologies for generating 11 channels of AMSU-A-only atmospheric temperature data records from the lower troposphere to the top of the stratosphere. The recalibrated AMSU-A level 1c radiances recently developed by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research group were used. The recalibrated radiances were adjusted to a consistent sensor incidence angle (nadir), channel frequencies (prelaunch-specified central frequencies), and observation time (local solar noon time). Radiative transfer simulations were used to correct the sensor incidence angle effect and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-15 (NOAA-15) channel 6 frequency shift. Multiyear averaged diurnal/semidiurnal anomaly climatologies from climate reanalysis as well as climate model simulations were used to adjust satellite observations to local solar noon time. Adjusted AMSU-A measurements from six satellites were carefully quality controlled and merged to generate 13+ years (1998-2011) of a monthly 2.5 degrees x 2.5 degrees gridded atmospheric temperature data record. Major trend features in the AMSU-A-only atmospheric temperature time series, including global mean temperature trends and spatial trend patterns, were summarized. C1 [Wang, Wenhui] Earth Resource Technol Inc, Laurel, MD USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, 5830 Univ Res Ct,Off 2826, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM cheng-zhi.zou@noaa.gov RI Wang, Wenhui/D-3240-2012; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 FU NOAA [NESDISNESDISPO20092001589 (SDS0915)] FX The study was supported by NOAA Grant NESDISNESDISPO20092001589 (SDS0915). The authors thank Dr. Yong Chen from the NOAA CRTM team for providing shifted NOAA-15 channel 6 spectral coefficients and Dr. Huan Meng for kindly providing representative AMSU-A attitude datasets. The opinions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAAor U.S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 808 EP 825 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00134.1 PG 18 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6XX UT WOS:000334142400004 ER PT J AU Walsh, EJ PopStefanija, I Matrosov, SY Zhang, J Uhlhorn, E Klotz, B AF Walsh, Edward J. PopStefanija, Ivan Matrosov, Sergey Y. Zhang, Jian Uhlhorn, Eric Klotz, Brad TI Airborne Rain-Rate Measurement with a Wide-Swath Radar Altimeter SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rainfall; Radars/Radar observations; Precipitation; Remote sensing ID FREQUENCY MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; SPECTRUM SPATIAL VARIATION; SURFACE; HURRICANES; SLOPE; OCEAN AB The NOAA Wide-Swath Radar Altimeter (WSRA) uses 80 narrow beams spread over +/- 30 degrees in the cross-track direction to generate raster lines of sea surface topography at a 10-Hz rate from which sea surface directional wave spectra are produced. A +/- 14 degrees subset of the backscattered power data associated with the topography measurements is used to produce independent measurements of rain rate and sea surface mean square slope at 10-s intervals. Theoretical calculations of rain attenuation at the WSRA 16.15-GHz operating frequency using measured drop size distributions for both mostly convective and mostly stratiform rainfall demonstrate that the WSRA absorption technique for rain determination is relatively insensitive to both ambient temperature and the characteristics of the drop size distribution, in contrast to reflectivity techniques. The variation of the sea surface radar reflectivity in the vicinity of a hurricane is reviewed. Fluctuations in the sea surface scattering characteristics caused by changes in wind speed or the rain impinging on the surface cannot contaminate the rain measurement because they are calibrated out using the WSRA measurement of mean square slope. WSRA rain measurements from a NOAA WP-3D hurricane research aircraft off the North Carolina coast in Hurricane Irene on 26 August 2011 are compared with those from the stepped frequency microwave radiometer (SFMR) on the aircraft and the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) system. C1 [Walsh, Edward J.; PopStefanija, Ivan] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walsh, Edward J.; Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhang, Jian] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric; Klotz, Brad] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, AOML, Miami, FL USA. [Klotz, Brad] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP PopStefanija, I (reprint author), ProSensing Inc, 107 Sunderland Rd, Amherst, MA 01002 USA. EM popstefanija@prosensing.com RI Klotz, Bradley/J-9506-2013 OI Klotz, Bradley/0000-0002-6061-6531 FU NASA [NNX13AQ31G] FX The authors thank the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center personnel and flight crew and the NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division scientists, with special thanks to Shirley Murillo, the 2011 HFP Field Program Director, who added the near-shore leg to the flight pattern that made the NEXRAD comparison possible. S. Y. Matrosov acknowledges support from NASA Grant NNX13AQ31G. NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 31 IS 4 BP 860 EP 875 DI 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00111.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE6XX UT WOS:000334142400007 ER PT J AU Wood, BM Ham, K Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Faridani, A Kaestner, A Vajo, JJ Liu, P Dobbins, TA Butler, LG AF Wood, Bradley M. Ham, Kyungmin Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Faridani, Adel Kaestner, Anders Vajo, John J. Liu, Ping Dobbins, Tabbetha A. Butler, Leslie G. TI Real-time observation of hydrogen absorption by LaNi5 with quasi-dynamic neutron tomography SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Tomography of Materials and Structures CY JUL 01-05, 2013 CL Ghent, BELGIUM DE Neutron tomography; Dynamic tomography; Hydrogen storage AB The uptake of hydrogen by lanthanum pentanickel (LaNi5) to form lanthanum nickel hydride (LaNi5H6) is followed with three-dimensional imaging by neutron tomography. The hydrogen absorption process is slower than the time needed for acquiring a single radiograph, about 10 s, but fast relative to the time to acquire a fully-sampled tomographic data set, about 6000 s. A novel data acquisition scheme is used with angles based upon the Greek Golden ratio, a scheme which allows considerable flexibility in post-acquisition tomography reconstruction. Even with tomographic undersampling, the granular structure for the conversion of LaNi5 particles to LaNi5H6 particles is observed and visually tracked in 3D. Over the course of five sequential hydrogen uptake runs with various initial hydrogen pressures, some grains are repeatedly observed. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ham, Kyungmin] Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Adv Microstruct & Devices, Baton Rouge, LA 70806 USA. [Wood, Bradley M.; Butler, Leslie G.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Neutron Imaging Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faridani, Adel] Oregon State Univ, Dept Math, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaestner, Anders] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Imaging & Activat Grp, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Vajo, John J.; Liu, Ping] HRL Labs LLC, Malibu, CA 90265 USA. [Dobbins, Tabbetha A.] Rowan Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA. RP Butler, LG (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM bwood6@tigers.lsu.edu; kham1@lsu.edu; daniel.hussey@nist.gov; david.jacobson@nist.gov; faridani@science.oregonstate.edu; anders.kaestner@psi.ch; JJVajo@hrl.com; PLiu@hrl.com; Dobbins@rowan.edu; lbutler@lsu.edu RI Butler, Leslie/D-1636-2016; OI Butler, Leslie/0000-0003-1547-608X; Dobbins, Tabbetha/0000-0002-2427-3746 FU U.S. Department of Commerce; NIST Radiation Physics Division; office of NIST; NIST Center for Neutron Research; Department of Energy [DE-AI01001EE50660]; National Science Foundation [CHE-0910937]; NSF EPSCoR [EPS-1003897]; Louisiana Board of Regents; NSF [DMS-0709495]; Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC) at Stanford University; U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Science; Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0001060] FX The NIST authors acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Radiation Physics Division, the Director's office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement No. DE-AI01001EE50660. L.G.B. AND T.A.D. gratefully acknowledge the support of materials science tomography from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0910937) and NSF EPSCoR Cooperative Agreement No. EPS-1003897 with additional support from the Louisiana Board of Regents. A.F. also acknowledges NSF support (DMS-0709495).L.G.B. sincerely thanks Dr. Robert Bowman (JPL) for late night advice on sample activation end Eli Baltic (NIST) for tremendous assistance with the H2 gas manifold as well as careful attention to the safety issues. P.L. and J.J.V. acknowledge support from the Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC) at Stanford University, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001060. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 324 BP 95 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2013.10.052 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA AE2GP UT WOS:000333791600015 ER PT J AU Wilson, RM Peden, BM Clark, CW Rittenhouse, ST AF Wilson, Ryan M. Peden, Brandon M. Clark, Charles W. Rittenhouse, Seth T. TI Spin Waves and Dielectric Softening of Polar Molecule Condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; TRAPPED DIPOLAR GASES; EXCITATIONS; ATOMS; STATE AB We consider an oblate Bose-Einstein condensate of heteronuclear polar molecules in a weak applied electric field. This system supports a rich quasiparticle spectrum that plays a critical role in determining its bulk dielectric properties. In particular, in sufficiently weak fields the system undergoes a polarization wave rotonization, leading to the development of textured electronic structure and a dielectric instability that is characteristic of the onset of a negative static dielectric function. C1 [Wilson, Ryan M.; Clark, Charles W.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wilson, Ryan M.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peden, Brandon M.; Rittenhouse, Seth T.] Western Washington Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Bellingham, WA 98225 USA. [Rittenhouse, Seth T.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wilson, RM (reprint author), NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 FU NRC postdoctoral fellowship FX We acknowledge useful conversations with B.L. Johnson, H.R. Sadeghpour, C. Ticknor, E. Timmermans, and J.L. Bohn. R.M.W. acknowledges support from an NRC postdoctoral fellowship. NR 47 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 13 AR 135301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.135301 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE9OH UT WOS:000334336600008 PM 24745433 ER PT J AU Chen, S Liu, HJ You, YL Mullens, E Hu, JJ Yuan, Y Huang, MY He, L Luo, YM Zeng, XJ Tang, GQ Hong, Y AF Chen, Sheng Liu, Huijuan You, Yalei Mullens, Esther Hu, Junjun Yuan, Ye Huang, Mengyu He, Li Luo, Yongming Zeng, Xingji Tang, Guoqiang Hong, Yang TI Evaluation of High-Resolution Precipitation Estimates from Satellites during July 2012 Beijing Flood Event Using Dense Rain Gauge Observations SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; PRODUCTS; SYSTEM; TRMM; RADAR AB Satellite-based precipitation estimates products, CMORPH and PERSIANN-CCS, were evaluated with a dense rain gauge network over Beijing and adjacent regions for an extremely heavy precipitation event on July 21 2012. CMORPH and PEERSIANN-CSS misplaced the region of greatest rainfall accumulation, and failed to capture the spatial pattern of precipitation, evidenced by a low spatial correlation coefficient ( CC). CMORPH overestimated the daily accumulated rainfall by 22.84% while PERSIANN-CCS underestimated by 72.75%. In the rainfall center, both CMORPH and PERSIANN-CCS failed to capture the temporal variation of the rainfall, and underestimated rainfall amounts by 43.43% and 87.26%, respectively. Based on our results, caution should be exercised when using CMORPH and PERSIANN-CCS as input for monitoring and forecasting floods in Beijing urban areas, and the potential for landslides in the mountainous zones west and north of Beijing. C1 [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chen, Sheng; Hong, Yang] Natl Weather Ctr, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Liu, Huijuan; Yuan, Ye] Anhui Weather Modificat Off, Hefei, Peoples R China. [You, Yalei] Florida State Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [You, Yalei] Florida State Univ, Dept Ocean Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [You, Yalei] Florida State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Mullens, Esther] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mullens, Esther] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hu, Junjun] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Huang, Mengyu] Beijing Weather Modificat Off, Beijing, Peoples R China. [He, Li; Luo, Yongming] Natl Satellite Ctr, Remote Sensing Applicat Test Base, Gaugnxi, Peoples R China. [He, Li; Luo, Yongming] Guangxi Meteorol Bur, Disaster Mitigat Inst, Nanning, Gaugnxi, Peoples R China. [Zeng, Xingji] Guangxi Meteorol Bur, Meteorol Informat Ctr, Nanning, Gaugnxi, Peoples R China. [Tang, Guoqiang] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Hydraul Engn, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. RP Liu, HJ (reprint author), Anhui Weather Modificat Off, Hefei, Peoples R China. EM 64230038@qq.com RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Tang, Guoqiang/0000-0002-0923-583X FU R & D Special Foundation for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) of China [GYHY201306040]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40905019, 41105098, 41275030]; State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Open Fund [2013LASW-A09] FX This work was supported by the R & D Special Foundation for Public Welfare Industry (meteorology) of China under Grant No. GYHY201306040; the National Natural Science Foundation of China with Grant No. 40905019, 41105098, 41275030; the State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Open Fund 2013LASW-A09. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 30 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 4 AR e89681 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0089681 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE6KM UT WOS:000334101100005 PM 24691358 ER PT J AU Sherman, B AF Sherman, Ben TI Corals face serious toxic threat SO TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT News Item C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Sherman, B (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. EM ben.sherman@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0165-9936 EI 1879-3142 J9 TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM JI Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. PD APR PY 2014 VL 56 BP VI EP VI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AE6UU UT WOS:000334134300005 ER PT J AU Smith, RH Johns, EM Goni, GJ Trinanes, J Lumpkin, R Wood, AM Kelble, CR Cummings, SR Lamkin, JT Privoznik, S AF Smith, R. H. Johns, E. M. Goni, G. J. Trinanes, J. Lumpkin, R. Wood, A. M. Kelble, C. R. Cummings, S. R. Lamkin, J. T. Privoznik, S. TI Oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of Mexico in July 2010, during the Deepwater Horizon oil spill SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Deepwater Horizon oil spill; Gulf of Mexico oceanography; Loop Current; Eddy Franklin; Oil entrainment and transport; Subsurface oil plume ID WEST FLORIDA SHELF; LOOP CURRENT; HYDROCARBON PLUME; CYCLONIC EDDIES; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; FREQUENCY; TRANSPORT; BLOWOUT; SUPPORT AB Circulation in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is dominated by mesoscale features that include the Loop Current (LC), Loop Current Rings (LCRs), and smaller frontal eddies. During May-June 2010, while oil was still flowing from the Macondo well following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) platform explosion on April 20, 2010, drifter trajectories, satellite observations, and numerical simulations indicated a potential for direct connectivity between the northern Gulf and the Florida Straits via the LC system. This pathway could have potentially entrained particles, including northern GOM contaminants related to the oil spill, carrying them directly towards the coastal ecosystems of south Florida and northern Cuba. To assess this connectivity, and to evaluate the potential oil impacts on economically important GOM fisheries, an interdisciplinary shipboard survey was conducted in the eastern Gulf during July 2010. Analysis of the resulting hydrographic data confirmed that: (1) by July 2010 a large LCR had become separated from the main LC by a cyclonic eddy resulting in the loss of a direct transport mechanism from the northern GOM to the Florida Straits, leaving only indirect pathways available to potential contaminants: and (2) with the exception of four hydrographic stations occupied within 84 km of the wellhead, no evidence of oil was found during the survey on the surface or within the water column. These results corroborated analysis of satellite altimetry observations of the GOM surface circulation and verified official surface oil coverage forecasts where they intersected with the survey track. This cruise sampled the LC. LCR, and frontal eddies to a depth of 2000 m, with the results suggesting that any oil entrained by circulation features in prior months had either been weathered, consumed by bacteria, dispersed to undetectable levels, or was only present in unsurveyed areas. The assembled subsurface measurements represent one of only a few data sets collected across the dominant GOM mesoscale circulation features at a time when there was great concern about the potential long-range spreading of DWH related contaminants. Direct observations such as these are critical for the assessment of particle trajectory and circulation models utilized during the spill, and for the improvement of future numerical forecast products. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Smith, R. H.; Johns, E. M.; Goni, G. J.; Trinanes, J.; Lumpkin, R.; Wood, A. M.; Kelble, C. R.; Cummings, S. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Trinanes, J.] Univ Santiago de Compostela, Technol Res Inst, Lab Syst, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. [Lamkin, J. T.; Privoznik, S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Privoznik, S.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Smith, RH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atlant Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ryan.smith@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011; Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Goni, Gustavo/D-2017-2012; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989; Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Goni, Gustavo/0000-0001-7093-3170; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052 FU NOAA Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Funding. NOAA Global Drifter Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the officers and crew of the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster for their dedicated support in the field, the technicians and research assistants for their contributions both at sea and in the lab, the equipment and facilities of NOAA/AOML and NOAA/SEFSC, and the Response and Chemical Assessment Team (RCAT) laboratory at Louisiana State University for the hydrocarbon analysis. Special thanks are due to the NOAA leadership including Steve Murawski, Mike Uhart, Mike Allen, Craig McLean, and Judy Gray for facilitating the fieldwork at very short notice. The authors would also like to thank Christopher Meinen, Sang-Ki Lee, and Claudia Schmid for several helpful suggestions for improving earlier drafts of this manuscript. In addition to the laboratories listed above, financial support for this work was provided through NOAA Deepwater Horizon Supplemental Funding. NOAA Global Drifter Program drifter trajectory data referenced in this paper are available publicly at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/envids/g1d/dirkrig/parttrk_spatial_temporal.php ). NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 35 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 77 BP 118 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2013.12.009 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA AE5GO UT WOS:000334016000011 ER PT J AU Bieniek, PA Walsh, JE Thoman, RL Bhatt, US AF Bieniek, Peter A. Walsh, John E. Thoman, Richard L. Bhatt, Uma S. TI Using Climate Divisions to Analyze Variations and Trends in Alaska Temperature and Precipitation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Multidecadal variability; Climate change; Climate variability; Arctic; Trends; Pacific decadal oscillation ID UNITED-STATES; ARCTIC AMPLIFICATION; EL-NINO; DATABASE; OSCILLATION; PERSPECTIVE; IMPACTS AB By extending the record of Alaskan divisional temperature and precipitation back in time, regional variations and trends of temperature and precipitation over 1920-2012 are documented. The use of the divisional framework highlights the greater spatial coherence of temperature variations relative to precipitation variations. The divisional time series of temperature are characterized by large interannual variability superimposed upon low-frequency variability, as well as by an underlying trend. Low-frequency variability corresponding to the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) includes Alaska's generally warm period of the 1920s and 1930s, a cold period from the late 1940s through the mid-1970s, a warm period from the late 1970s through the early 2000s, and a cooler period in the most recent decade. An exception to the cooling of the past decade is the North Slope climate division, which has continued to warm. There has been a gradual upward trend of Alaskan temperatures relative to the PDO since 1920, resulting in a statewide average warming of about 1 degrees C. In contrast to temperature, variations of precipitation are less consistent across climate divisions and have much less multidecadal character. Thirty-year trends of both variables are highly sensitive to the choice of the subperiod within the overall 93-yr period. The trends also vary seasonally, with winter and spring contributing the most to the annual trends. C1 [Bieniek, Peter A.; Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Thoman, Richard L.] NOAA, Alaska Reg, Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Atmospher Sci, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bieniek, PA (reprint author), Int Arctic Res Ctr, POB 757340, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM pbieniek@alaska.edu FU Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research; Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA10OAR4310055] FX The authors thank the editor and the anonymous reviewer for their thoughtful comments that helped to improve this manuscript. This publication is the result in part of research sponsored by the Cooperative Institute for Alaska Research with funds from the Climate Program Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Grant NA10OAR4310055 to the University of Alaska Fairbanks. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 8 BP 2800 EP 2818 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00342.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5HC UT WOS:000334017400002 ER PT J AU Rainville, L Jayne, SR Cronin, MF AF Rainville, Luc Jayne, Steven R. Cronin, Meghan F. TI Variations of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water from Direct Observations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Eddies; Ocean dynamics; Water masses; Mesoscale processes; Atmosphere-ocean interaction; Mesoscale systems ID KUROSHIO EXTENSION REGION; DECADAL VARIABILITY; MESOSCALE EDDIES; RECIRCULATION GYRE; OCEAN; FLUX; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; SYSTEM; WIND AB Mooring measurements from the Kuroshio Extension System Study (June 2004-June 2006) and from the ongoing Kuroshio Extension Observatory (June 2004-present) are combined with float measurements of the Argo network to study the variability of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) across the entire gyre, on time scales from days, to seasons, to a decade. The top of the STMW follows a seasonal cycle, although observations reveal that it primarily varies in discrete steps associated with episodic wind events. The variations of the STMW bottom depth are tightly related to the sea surface height (SSH), reflecting mesoscale eddies and large-scale variations of the Kuroshio Extension and recirculation gyre systems. Using the observed relationship between SSH and STMW, gridded SSH products and in situ estimates from floats are used to construct weekly maps of STMW thickness, providing nonbiased estimates of STMW total volume, annual formation and erosion volumes, and seasonal and interannual variability for the past decade. Year-to-year variations are detected, particularly a significant decrease of STMW volume in 2007-10 primarily attributable to a smaller volume formed. Variability of the heat content in the mode water region is dominated by the seasonal cycle and mesoscale eddies; there is only a weak link to STMW on interannual time scales, and no long-term trends in heat content and STMW thickness between 2002 and 2011 are detected. Weak lagged correlations among air-sea fluxes, oceanic heat content, and STMW thickness are found when averaged over the northwestern Pacific recirculation gyre region. C1 [Rainville, Luc] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Jayne, Steven R.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rainville, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM rainville@apl.washington.edu FU National Science Foundation [OCE-0220161, OCE-0825152, OCE-0827125]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Climate Observations (OCO); NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring program; CNES FX We gratefully acknowledge the WHOI Subsurface Mooring Group and thank the captains and crews of the R/V Thompson, R/V Roger Revelle, and R/V Melville for their support of the KESS mooring operations. This work was sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Grants OCE-0220161, OCE-0825152, and OCE-0827125). More details about KESS can be found at http://uskess.org/. The KEO time series reference site is sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Climate Observations (OCO). KEO mooring data are available from the PMEL Ocean Climate Stations web pages at http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/ocs/KEO. All STMW and OHC maps and derived products are available from the KESS web page (http://uskess.org). Argo data were collected and made freely available by the International Argo program and the national programs that contribute to it (http://www.argo.ucsd.edu; http://argo.jcommops.org). The Argo program is part of the Global Ocean Observing System. The ocean heat flux products were provided by the WHOI OAFlux project funded by the NOAA Climate Observations and Monitoring program. The altimeter products were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by AVISO, with support from CNES (http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com/duacs/). NR 46 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 8 BP 2842 EP 2860 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00227.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5HC UT WOS:000334017400004 ER PT J AU Gladics, AJ Suryan, RM Brodeur, RD Segui, LM Filliger, LZ AF Gladics, Amanda J. Suryan, Robert M. Brodeur, Richard D. Segui, Leah M. Filliger, Laura Z. TI Constancy and change in marine predator diets across a shift in oceanographic conditions in the Northern California Current SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FOOD-WEB STRUCTURE; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; VARIABLE RESPONSES; FORAGE FISHES; TOP PREDATORS; OREGON COAST; SEABIRDS; PREY; PACIFIC; ECOSYSTEM AB Variable ocean conditions can greatly impact prey assemblages and predator foraging in marine ecosystems. Our goal was to better understand how a change in ocean conditions influenced dietary niche overlap among a suite of midtrophic-level predators. We examined the diets of three fishes and one seabird off central Oregon during two boreal summer upwelling periods with contrasting El Nio (2010) and La Nia (2011) conditions. We found greater niche specialization during El Nio and increased niche overlap during La Nia in both the nekton and micronekton diet components, especially in the larger, more offshore predators. However, only the two smaller, more nearshore predators exhibited interannual variation in diet composition. Concurrent trawl surveys confirmed that changes in components of predator diets reflected changes in the prey community. Using multiple predators across diverse taxa and life histories provided a comprehensive understanding of food-web dynamics during changing ocean conditions. C1 [Gladics, Amanda J.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Segui, Leah M.] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Filliger, Laura Z.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gladics, AJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM amanda.gladics@oregonstate.edu FU Bureau of Land Management; US Fish and Wildlife Service; Mamie Markham Graduate Research Fellowship; Oregon Sea Grant's Robert E. Malouf Marine Science Fellowship; National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates program; Oregon State University's Office of Sponsored Programs; William Q. Wick Marine Fisheries award; Lillian B. Reynolds award; Oregon Laurels scholarship; Lottery graduate scholarship; Northwest Scientific Association FX This work would not have been possible without the collaboration of the recreational, charter, and commercial fishermen of Newport. We wish to especially thank Barbara and Jerry Powell, Jerald Shaffer, James Matheson, David de Belloy, the deck hands, filleters, and office staff of Captain's Reel Deep Sea Fishing in Newport, Oregon. We also thank the skippers and crews of Newport Marina Store and Charters, Tradewinds of Newport Charters, Yaquina Bay Charters, and countless recreational fishermen who donated fish stomachs. The scientists and fishermen of the Collaborative Research on Oregon Ocean Salmon (Project CROOS) were invaluable in obtaining Chinook salmon samples. We thank NOAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program for funding the midwater trawl sampling and Toby Auth and Tristan Britt for collecting and analyzing the samples. We thank William Sydeman and Lorenzo Ciannelli for enlightening discussions and assistance throughout, and the anonymous reviewers whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge the Bureau of Land Management Yaquina Head Outstanding Natural Area, US Fish and Wildlife Service Oregon Coast National Wildlife Refuge Complex for their assistance and field support in collecting murre diets. Research was funded in part by the Bureau of Land Management, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, a Mamie Markham Graduate Research Fellowship, Oregon Sea Grant's Robert E. Malouf Marine Science Fellowship, National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates program, Oregon State University's Office of Sponsored Programs, William Q. Wick Marine Fisheries award, Lillian B. Reynolds award, Oregon Laurels and Lottery graduate scholarships, and a student research grant from the Northwest Scientific Association. NR 71 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP 837 EP 851 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2384-4 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE3TD UT WOS:000333899500009 ER PT J AU Phillips, KF Mansfield, KL Die, DJ Addison, DS AF Phillips, Katrina F. Mansfield, Katherine L. Die, David J. Addison, David S. TI Survival and remigration probabilities for loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting in the eastern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLE; TEMPORARY EMIGRATION; NAVIGATIONAL ABILITY; SATELLITE TRACKING; MARINE TURTLES; CHELONIA-MYDAS; POPULATION; CONSERVATION; FLORIDA; TRANSITION AB Few long-term mark-recapture tagging datasets exist to estimate population parameters for loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) recovery units. Using a two-state open robust design model, we analyzed a 20-year (1990-2009) mark-recapture dataset from the Keewaydin Island loggerhead nesting assemblage off the southwest coast of Florida (USA) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. For this analysis, 2,292 turtle encounters were evaluated, representing 841 individual nesting turtles. Survival was estimated at 0.73 (95 % CI 0.69-0.76). This estimate is comparable with survival estimates elsewhere in the Peninsular Florida subpopulation and is among the lowest estimates for the Northwest Atlantic loggerhead population. We documented no changes in remigration rates or clutch frequency over time. These are the first survival and remigration probabilities estimated for a loggerhead nesting assemblage in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. C1 [Phillips, Katrina F.; Die, David J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Mansfield, Katherine L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Addison, David S.] Conservancy Southwest Florida, Naples, FL 34102 USA. RP Phillips, KF (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM kphillips@rsmas.miami.edu OI Phillips, Katrina/0000-0002-3188-2689 FU Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS); Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA17RJ1226] FX We especially thank the Conservancy of Southwest Florida, all the interns who have collected data on Keewaydin Island over the years, M. Kress and T. Tucker of Mote Marine Lab. Funding for this project was provided in part by the Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), a Cooperative Institute of the University of Miami and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, cooperative agreement #NA17RJ1226 and private donations from members and supporters of the Conservancy of Southwest Florida Sea Turtle Monitoring Project. Thanks also to D. Suman for his guidance and reviews. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 40 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1007/s00227-013-2386-2 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE3TD UT WOS:000333899500011 ER PT J AU Hoffmayer, ER Franks, JS Driggers, WB McKinney, JA Hendon, JM Quattro, JM AF Hoffmayer, Eric R. Franks, James S. Driggers, William B. McKinney, Jennifer A. Hendon, Jill M. Quattro, Joseph M. TI Habitat, movements and environmental preferences of dusky sharks, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the northern Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; TUNA THUNNUS-ALBACARES; ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; GALEOCERDO-CUVIER; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; PELAGIC SHARKS AB The dusky shark (Carcharhinus obscurus) is the largest member of the genus Carcharhinus and inhabits coastal and pelagic ecosystems circumglobally in temperate, subtropical and tropical marine waters. In the western North Atlantic Ocean (WNA), dusky sharks are overfished and considered vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. As a result, retention of dusky sharks in commercial and recreational fisheries off the east coast of the United States (US) and in the northern Gulf of Mexico is prohibited. Despite the concerns regarding the status of dusky sharks in the WNA, little is known about their habitat utilization. During the summers of 2008-2009, pop-up satellite archival tags were attached to ten dusky sharks (one male, nine females) at a location where they have been observed to aggregate in the north central Gulf of Mexico southwest of the Mississippi River Delta to examine their movement patterns and habitat utilization. All tags successfully transmitted data with deployment durations ranging from 6 to 124 days. Tag data revealed shark movements in excess of 200 km from initial tagging locations, with sharks primarily utilizing offshore waters associated with the continental shelf edge from Desoto Canyon to the Texas/Mexican border. While most sharks remained in US waters, one individual moved from the northern Gulf of Mexico into the Bay of Campeche off the coast of Mexico. Sharks spent 87 % of their time between 20 and 125 m and 83 % of their time in waters between 23 and 30 A degrees C. Since dusky sharks are among the most vulnerable shark species to fishing mortality, there is a recovery plan in place for US waters; however, since they have been shown to make long-distance migrations, a multi-national management plan within the WNA may be needed to ensure the successful recovery of this population. C1 [Hoffmayer, Eric R.; Franks, James S.; Hendon, Jill M.] Univ So Mississippi, Gulf Coast Res Lab, Ctr Fisheries Res & Dev, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [McKinney, Jennifer A.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Fisheries Management Div, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA. [Quattro, Joseph M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Biol Sci, Marine Sci Program, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Hoffmayer, ER (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Freder St,PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM eric.hoffmayer@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service, Cooperative Research Program [NA08NMF4540389]; US law under scientific research permits [HMS-EFP-08-07, SHK-EFP-09-03] FX We thank the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Shark Research Program team members, including G. Gray, J. Shelley, S. Curran, B. Dempster, D. Hildebrandt and E. Hildebrandt for their field assistance. We thank Captain K. Beach of the sport fishing vessel "Pale Horse," Captain B. Delabar and deck-hand B. C. Bobby of the sport fishing vessel "Frenzy" (Venice, Louisiana) for their expertise, professionalism and spirit of cooperation. We are also indebted to B. Galuardi and A. Carlson for their assistance with filtering our movement data. Funding for this project was provided by the National Marine Fisheries Service, Cooperative Research Program (Grant #NA08NMF4540389) to E. Hoffmayer and J. Franks. This research was conducted in compliance with US law under scientific research permits HMS-EFP-08-07 and SHK-EFP-09-03, issued by the Highly Migratory Species Division of the Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA, and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Southern Mississippi (protocol 09031204). The opinions expressed herein, are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the Department of Commerce. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 36 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 161 IS 4 BP 911 EP 924 DI 10.1007/s00227-014-2391-0 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE3TD UT WOS:000333899500015 ER PT J AU Matkin, CO Testa, JW Ellis, GM Saulitis, EL AF Matkin, Craig O. Testa, J. Ward Ellis, Graeme M. Saulitis, Eva L. TI Life history and population dynamics of southern Alaska resident killer whales ( Orcinus orca) SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE killer whales; Orcinus orca; population dynamics; southern Alaska; life history; residents ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; NORTH PACIFIC; PATTERNS; PREDATOR; MAMMALS; PREY AB Resident (fish eating) killer whales (Orcinus orca) in the North Pacific have been the subject of long-term studies in several geographical regions. The current study examines population parameters in the southern Alaska resident population from 1984 to 2010 and develops a population model. The southern Alaska resident population ranges from southeastern Alaska through the Kodiak archipelago and contains over 700 individuals. We follow the life histories of 343 identifiable whales in 10 pods from two clans born before and during the study. Population parameters were comparable to those of the British Columbia northern resident population during the 1970s and 1980s, except that age of maturity was approximately one year earlier. The average annual rate of increase was slightly higher in Alaska (3.5%) than for the British Columbia northern residents (2.9%) and probably represents a population at r-max (maximum rate of growth). Reasons for the high growth rate in Alaska could be a recovery following past anthropogenic mortalities, or more likely, a response to increasing salmon returns in recent decades, resulting in an increase in carrying capacity. The slow maturation and low rate of reproductive response makes these whales slow to recover from natural or anthropogenic catastrophes. C1 [Matkin, Craig O.; Saulitis, Eva L.] North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Testa, J. Ward] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Testa, J. Ward] Univ Alaska Anchorage, Dept Biol Sci, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Ellis, Graeme M.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V6T 6N7, Canada. RP Matkin, CO (reprint author), North Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM comatkin@gmail.com FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX Primary funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council. The Alaska Sea Life Center provided significant additional support from 2001 to 2007. Hubbs SeaWorld Research Institute, Alaska Sea Grant, the Norcross Foundation, the San Diego Foundation, Alaska Fund for the Future, International Wildlife Coalition, and the American Licorice Company all provided essential support. We are very grateful to Peter Olesiuk who was invaluable in the early analytical design. The project would not have been possible without the participation of L. Barrett-Lennard, K. Heise, O. von Ziegesar, and K. Balcomb-Bartok, who led field efforts at various times and numerous other individuals who provided assistance in the field. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 9 U2 96 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 460 EP 479 DI 10.1111/mms.12049 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800004 ER PT J AU Ware, C Wiley, DN Friedlaender, AS Weinrich, M Hazen, EL Bocconcelli, A Parks, SE Stimpert, AK Thompson, MA Abernathy, K AF Ware, Colin Wiley, David N. Friedlaender, Ari S. Weinrich, Mason Hazen, Elliott L. Bocconcelli, Alessandro Parks, Susan E. Stimpert, Alison K. Thompson, Mike A. Abernathy, Kyler TI Bottom side-roll feeding by humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae) in the southern Gulf of Maine, U. S. A. SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; bottom feeding; bottom side-rolls; coordination; entanglement ID ACOUSTIC RECORDING TAG; AMERICAN SAND LANCE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FIN WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; AMMODYTES-AMERICANUS; LATERALIZED BEHAVIOR; STELLWAGEN BANK; BALEEN WHALES; LUNGE AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are known for the variety and complexity of their feeding behaviors. Here we report on the use of synchronous motion and acoustic recording tags (DTAGs) to provide the first detailed kinematic descriptions of humpback whales using bottom side-rolls (BSRs) to feed along the seafloor. We recorded 3,505 events from 19 animals (individual range 8-722). By animal, mean BSR duration ranged from 14.1 s to 36.2 s.; mean body roll angle from 80o to 121o, and mean pitch from 7o to 38o. The median interval between sequential BSRs, by animal, ranged from 24.0 s to 63.6 s and animals tended to maintain a consistent BSR heading during long BSR series encompassing multiple dives. BSRs were most frequent between 2200 and 0400. We identify three classes of behavior: simple side-roll, side-roll inversion, and repetitive scooping. Results indicate that BSR feeding is a common technique in the study area and there is both coordination and noncoordination between animals. We argue that this behavior is not lunge feeding as normally characterized, because animals are moving slowly through the event. The behavior also leads to vulnerability to entanglement in bottom-set fishing gear, a major mortality factor for the species. C1 [Ware, Colin] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Wiley, David N.; Thompson, Mike A.] NOAA, Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Ocean Serv, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, Elliott L.] Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Friedlaender, Ari S.; Hazen, Elliott L.] Duke Univ, Pratt Sch Engn, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [Weinrich, Mason] Whale Ctr New England, Gloucester, MA 01931 USA. [Hazen, Elliott L.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Bocconcelli, Alessandro] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Parks, Susan E.] Syracuse Univ, Dept Biol, Syracuse, NY 13244 USA. [Stimpert, Alison K.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Abernathy, Kyler] Natl Geog Televis, Nat Hist Unit, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Ware, C (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM cware@ccom.unh.edu RI Hazen, Elliott/G-4149-2014; Parks, Susan/D-2675-2014 OI Hazen, Elliott/0000-0002-0412-7178; Parks, Susan/0000-0001-6663-627X FU ONR grant [ONR N0014091601]; NOAA Grant [NA05NOS4001153]; Office of Naval Research grant [N00014-08-0630]; National Oceanographic Partnership Program; Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary; Office of National Marine Sanctuaries FX Funding for TrackPlot development was provided by an ONR grant to Colin Ware (ONR N0014091601) and from NOAA Grant #NA05NOS4001153 to the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping. Field work and analysis was supported by Office of Naval Research grant N00014-08-0630 (to SEP, DW), National Oceanographic Partnership Program (to DW), the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary and the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. We also thank the various members of our field team over the years, including Roland Arsenault, Pat Halpin, Tom Hurst, Just Moller, Cara Pecarcik, Allison Rosner, Kate Sardi, Jamison Smith, Jennifer Tackaberry, Becky Woodward, Jeremy Winn, Theresa Kirchner, and the ship and technical crews of the NOAA R/V Nancy Foster and NOAA R/V Auk. Whale tag data were collected under Permit Nos. 775-185 (Northeast Fisheries Science Centre) and 605-1904 (Whale Centre of New England) issued by the United States National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 494 EP 511 DI 10.1111/mms.12053 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800006 ER PT J AU McFee, WE Speakman, TR Balthis, L Adams, JD Zolman, ES AF McFee, Wayne E. Speakman, Todd R. Balthis, Len Adams, Jeff D. Zolman, Eric S. TI Reproductive seasonality of a recently designated bottlenose dolphin stock near Charleston, South Carolina, USA SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus; photo-id; reproduction; seasonality; strandings ID TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; HARBOR PORPOISES; NORTH-CAROLINA; LIFE-HISTORY; GROWTH; AGE; STRANDINGS; GULF; SP. AB Reproductive seasonality of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) can be affected by numerous ecological and behavioral factors. In 2009, stock boundaries were revised to recognize a Charleston Estuarine System Stock (CESS) of bottlenose dolphins in Charleston, South Carolina. The CESS is a well-studied population with long-term data collected from photo-identification and stranding studies. From 2004 to 2008, a systematic mark-recapture photo-identification study was conducted in the Charleston Estuary to estimate population size of the CESS. Sightings data from this photo-identification study coupled with strandings data (1993-2008) were analyzed to determine the reproductive seasonality of this local population. Both neonate sightings and strandings depicted a primary season of reproduction in the spring into early summer with a small peak in neonate sightings in early autumn, and were significantly different from circular uniform and Von Mises distributions (strandings: P<0.01, V=2.8644; sightings: P<0.01, V=3.2302). This study increases the knowledge of seasonal reproductive patterns of estuarine stocks of bottlenose dolphin stocks in the southeastern United States. The results will also help wildlife managers detect unusual neonate mortality events, and provide information about critical habitat relevant for evaluating and mitigating coastal development projects. C1 [McFee, Wayne E.; Speakman, Todd R.; Balthis, Len; Adams, Jeff D.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP McFee, WE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM wayne.mcfee@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 528 EP 543 DI 10.1111/mms.12055 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800008 ER PT J AU Burns, D Brooks, L Harrison, P Franklin, T Franklin, W Paton, D Clapham, P AF Burns, Daniel Brooks, Lyndon Harrison, Peter Franklin, Trish Franklin, Wally Paton, David Clapham, Phil TI Migratory movements of individual humpback whales photographed off the eastern coast of Australia SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE humpback whale; Megaptera novaeangliae; migration; travel direction; speed; photo-identification; Migaloo; Australia ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HERVEY BAY; POD CHARACTERISTICS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ABUNDANCE; SEX; RECAPTURE; ISLANDS; CAPE AB Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) migrate long distances each year on a return journey from low-latitude breeding grounds to high-latitude feeding grounds. Migration is influenced by subtle and complex social behaviors and the assumption that whales transit directly through the migratory corridor off the east coast of Australia requires further investigation. From 2003 to 2005, we followed the movements of 99 individual whales within one migratory cycle from three locations, off Byron Bay during the whales' northern migration and in Hervey Bay and at Ballina during the southern migration. The median sighting interval of whales between Byron Bay and Hervey Bay (n=26) was 52 d (IQR = 42.5-75.5); between Byron Bay and Ballina (n=21) was 59 d (IQR = 47.0-70.0); and between Hervey Bay and Ballina (n=33) was 9 d (8.0-14.0). The overall pattern observed from these resightings suggests that Group E1 humpback whales spend approximately two months in the northern quarter of their range during the austral winter months. Intraseason resightings of whales at Ballina (n=13, median sighting interval = 7 d) also suggest that some individuals, particularly adult males, may circle back north during their general southward journey along this part of the coast, perhaps in an attempt to increase mating opportunities. C1 [Burns, Daniel; Brooks, Lyndon; Harrison, Peter; Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally] So Cross Univ, Marine Ecol Res Ctr, Whale Res Grp, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Burns, Daniel] Blue Planet Marine, Amberley Business Ctr, Perth 6005, Australia. [Burns, Daniel; Brooks, Lyndon; Harrison, Peter; Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally; Paton, David; Clapham, Phil] South Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Avarua, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. [Franklin, Trish; Franklin, Wally] Oceania Project, Byron Bay, NSW 2481, Australia. [Paton, David] Blue Planet Marine, Jamison Ctr, ACT 2614, Australia. [Paton, David] So Cross Univ, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. [Clapham, Phil] US Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Burns, D (reprint author), So Cross Univ, Marine Ecol Res Ctr, Whale Res Grp, POB 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. EM daniel.burns@scu.edu.au OI Harrison, Peter/0000-0002-4048-2409 FU Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre; IFAW FX We thank Greg Luker from the SCU GIS laboratory for producing the map figures. Field surveys were conducted at Byron Bay and Ballina under scientific research permits issued by the Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts under the EPBC Act 1999 (permit number E2001/0005) and the New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (S10403). Research undertaken in Hervey Bay was conducted under research permits issued by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service (permit numbers MP2006/020 and WISP03749806). The long-term study of humpbacks in Hervey Bay was supported by The Oceania Project and in part by an Australian Research Council Linkage grant with the Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre and the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW). The Southern Cross University Whale Research Centre provided funding for the Byron Bay and Ballina surveys and IFAW provided partial funding for the Ballina surveys. NR 51 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 41 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 562 EP 578 DI 10.1111/mms.12057 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800010 ER PT J AU Balmer, BC Wells, RS Howle, LE Barleycorn, AA McLellan, WA Pabst, DA Rowles, TK Schwacke, LH Townsend, FI Westgate, AJ Zolman, ES AF Balmer, Brian C. Wells, Randall S. Howle, Laurens E. Barleycorn, Aaron A. McLellan, William A. Pabst, D. Ann Rowles, Teri K. Schwacke, Lori H. Townsend, Forrest I. Westgate, Andrew J. Zolman, Eric S. TI Advances in cetacean telemetry: A review of single- pin transmitter attachment techniques on small cetaceans and development of a new satellite- linked transmitter design SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; computational fluid dynamics; telemetry; Tursiops truncatus ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; DIVE BEHAVIOR; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; DORSAL FIN; MOVEMENTS; FLORIDA; WILD AB Electronic tags have proven to be valuable tools in assessing small cetacean movement and behavior. However, problems associated with tag size and attachment have limited duration and damaged dorsal fins. These outcomes have motivated researchers to develop a new satellite-linked tag design that reduces detrimental effects to tagged animals, while increasing transmission durations. The goals of this study were to review previous studies that deployed single-pin transmitters and determine factors that influence transmission duration. Then, test these factors utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to identify an optimal single-pin satellite-linked tag design, and evaluate this prototype through field studies. A review of four projects, which deployed 77 single-pin radio tags, determined that tags attached along the lower third of the dorsal fin and approximately 33 mm from the trailing edge resulted in longer transmission durations and reduced negative impacts to the dorsal fin. Based upon these results and CFD modeling, prototype, single-pin satellite-linked tags (n = 25) transmitted for 163 +/- 22 d (mean +/- 95% CI) which greatly exceeded transmissions for previous small cetacean telemetry studies. These results suggest that the newly developed single-pin satellite-linked tag design strikes a balance between reducing impacts to the individual while maximizing transmissions. C1 [Balmer, Brian C.; Wells, Randall S.; Barleycorn, Aaron A.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Howle, Laurens E.] BelleQuant Engn PLLC, Mebane, NC 27302 USA. [Howle, Laurens E.] Duke Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [McLellan, William A.; Pabst, D. Ann; Westgate, Andrew J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Rowles, Teri K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. [Schwacke, Lori H.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. RP Balmer, BC (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM bbalmer@mote.org FU BP; NOAA; Office of Naval Research; Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund FX This material is based upon work supported by BP and NOAA. Tracking data collected from previous bottlenose dolphin capture-release, health assessments were conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit Nos. 522-1569-01 and 522-1527-00 (St. Joseph Bay), and 932-1905/MA-009526 (Georgia and Barataria Bay); and IACUC permit numbers UNCW 2004-012 (St. Joseph Bay) and UNCW 2007-016 (Georgia). Protocols for health assessment and tagging in Barataria Bay were reviewed and approved by a NOAA Animal Use and Care Committee. Research in Barataria Bay was funded as part of the cooperative agreement between NOAA, other federal and state Trustees and BP. Partial funding for research in Barataria Bay came from the Office of Naval Research and in St. Joseph Bay from the Disney Wildlife Conservation Fund. We would like to thank the Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries for logistical support during the Barataria Bay health assessment and follow-up monitoring; all of the participants in the four NOAA health assessments used in these analyses; and Wildlife Computers for manufacturing the new single-pin satellite-linked tag design. NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 33 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 656 EP 673 DI 10.1111/mms.12072 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800015 ER PT J AU De Jesus, M Heckel, G Breiwick, JM Reilly, SB AF De Jesus, Melba Heckel, Gisela Breiwick, Jeffrey M. Reilly, Stephen B. TI Migration timing and distance from shore of southbound eastern Pacific gray whales ( Eschrichtius robustus) off Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE distance; Eastern Pacific gray whale; Eschrichtius robustus; migration; Mexico AB Eastern Pacific gray whales were monitored off Ensenada, Mexico, during the southbound migration. The objectives were to determine southbound migration timing and width of the migration corridor during three seasons (2003-2006). Migration timing was determined by fitting a generalized additive model to the shore counts for each season and estimating the 10, 50, and 90 percentiles of the fitted curves. To estimate abundance from shore-based counts, a probability density function for the shore based distances was estimated by a product of a gamma distribution fit to the boat survey distance data for 2006/2007 and a half-normal detection function using combined data of the three seasons. The parameters of the gamma distribution were corrected to account for less boat survey effort carried out 20-40km than 0-20km from shore. The onset of the migration off Ensenada was in late December/early January and ended around 13 February. The median date was 23-26 January for the first and third season and a week early for the second season. Boat surveys indicated a wide (20km) migration corridor but most gray whales traveled within 9.9km from shore. The estimated total number of whales during watch hours was 2,298 (95% CI = 1,536-4,447). C1 [De Jesus, Melba; Heckel, Gisela] CICESE, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. [Breiwick, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reilly, Stephen B.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. RP Heckel, G (reprint author), CICESE, Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. EM gheckel@cicese.mx RI Heckel, Gisela/K-9170-2016; OI Heckel, Gisela/0000-0002-6003-7898; De Jesus, Melba/0000-0002-3732-3984 FU Energia Costa Azul, S. de R. L. de C. V.; CICESE; Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT, Mexico) FX Funding and logistical support were provided by Energia Costa Azul, S. de R. L. de C. V., and CICESE. M. De Jesus received a scholarship from the Mexican Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT, Mexico). Tim Gerrodette gave valuable advice on some of the analytical and distance sampling procedures. Jeff Laake is thanked for his advice on programming the GAM fits to the shore count data as well as his extensive assistance in jointly modeling the shore and boat distance data to estimate the shore-based detection probabilities. The authors wish to thank the many observers that were involved in collecting data in the field, most of them students at CICESE and the University of Baja California. We also thank the editors and reviewers who reviewed our manuscript. NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 674 EP 690 DI 10.1111/mms.12071 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800016 ER PT J AU Burrows, DG Reichert, WL Hanson, MB AF Burrows, Douglas G. Reichert, William L. Hanson, M. Bradley TI Effects of decomposition and storage conditions on the d 13 C and d 15 N isotope values of killer whale ( Orcinus orca) skin and blubber tissues SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE stable isotope; N-15; C-13; skin; blubber; storage conditions; decomposition; preservation ID STABLE-ISOTOPE; PRESERVATION; NITROGEN; CARBON; RATIOS; DELTA-C-13; TEMPERATURES; DELTA-N-15; SIGNATURES; ECOLOGY AB Several different factors in the collection and preservation of whale skin and blubber samples were examined to determine their effect on the results obtained by stable nitrogen and carbon isotope (N-15 and C-13) analysis. Samples of wet killer whale skin retained their original stable isotope values for up to 14 d at 4 degrees C or lower. However, decomposition significantly changed the N-15 value within 3 d at 20 degrees C. Storage at -20 degrees C was as effective as -80 degrees C for the preservation of skin and blubber samples for stable isotope analysis for at least a year. By contrast, once a skin sample had been freeze-dried and lipid extracted, the stable isotope values did not change significantly when it was stored dry at room temperature for at least 12 mo. Preservation of whale skin samples for a month in DMSO-salt solution, frozen or at room temperature, did not significantly change the N-15 and C-13 values of lipid extracted tissues, although the slight changes seen could influence results of a study if only small changes are expected. C1 [Burrows, Douglas G.; Reichert, William L.; Hanson, M. Bradley] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Burrows, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM douglas.g.burrows@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 30 IS 2 BP 747 EP 762 DI 10.1111/mms.12076 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA AE1TJ UT WOS:000333752800020 ER PT J AU Schlamminger, S Haddad, D Seifert, F Chao, LS Newell, DB Liu, R Steiner, RL Pratt, JR AF Schlamminger, S. Haddad, D. Seifert, F. Chao, L. S. Newell, D. B. Liu, R. Steiner, R. L. Pratt, J. R. TI Determination of the Planck constant using a watt balance with a superconducting magnet system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article DE Planck constant; electronic kilogram; watt balance ID ELECTRONIC KILOGRAM; VOLTAGE STANDARD; NIST; REALIZATION; RESISTANCE; JOSEPHSON; AMPERE; UNITS; MASS; NBS AB For the past two years, measurements have been performed with a watt balance at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to determine the Planck constant. A detailed analysis of these measurements and their uncertainties has led to the value h = 6.626 069 79(30) x 10(-34) J s. The relative standard uncertainty is 45 x 10(-9). This result is 141 x 10(-9) fractionally higher than h(90). Here h(90) is the conventional value of the Planck constant given by h(90) = 4/((KJ-90RK)-R-2-(90)), where KJ-(90) and RK-(90) denote the conventional values of the Josephson and von Klitzing constants, respectively. C1 [Schlamminger, S.; Chao, L. S.; Newell, D. B.; Liu, R.; Steiner, R. L.; Pratt, J. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haddad, D.; Seifert, F.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlamminger, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.schlamminger@nist.gov NR 31 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2014 VL 51 IS 2 BP S15 EP S24 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/51/2/S15 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AE3BE UT WOS:000333850000003 ER PT J AU Erven, C Meyer-Scott, E Fisher, K Lavoie, J Higgins, BL Yan, Z Pugh, CJ Bourgoin, JP Prevedel, R Shalm, LK Richards, L Gigov, N Laflamme, R Weihs, G Jennewein, T Resch, KJ AF Erven, C. Meyer-Scott, E. Fisher, K. Lavoie, J. Higgins, B. L. Yan, Z. Pugh, C. J. Bourgoin, J. -P. Prevedel, R. Shalm, L. K. Richards, L. Gigov, N. Laflamme, R. Weihs, G. Jennewein, T. Resch, K. J. TI Experimental three-photon quantum nonlocality under strict locality conditions SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; ENTANGLED PHOTONS; BELL INEQUALITIES; VIOLATION; STATES AB Quantum correlations, often observed as violations of Bell inequalities(1-5), are critical to our understanding of the quantum world, with far-reaching technological(6-9) and fundamental impact. Many tests of Bell inequalities have studied pairs of correlated particles. However, interest in multi-particle quantum correlations is driving the experimental frontier to test larger systems. All violations to date require supplementary assumptions that open results to loopholes, the closing of which is one of the most important challenges in quantum science. Seminal experiments have closed some loopholes(10-16), but no experiment has closed locality loopholes with three or more particles. Here, we close both the locality and freedom-of-choice loopholes by distributing three-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger entangled states(17) to independent observers. We measured a violation of Mermin's inequality(18) with parameter 2.77 +/- 0.08, violating its classical bound by nine standard deviations. These results are a milestone in multi-party quantum communication(19) and a significant advancement of the foundations of quantum mechanics(20). C1 [Erven, C.; Meyer-Scott, E.; Fisher, K.; Lavoie, J.; Higgins, B. L.; Yan, Z.; Pugh, C. J.; Bourgoin, J. -P.; Prevedel, R.; Shalm, L. K.; Richards, L.; Gigov, N.; Laflamme, R.; Weihs, G.; Jennewein, T.; Resch, K. J.] Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Erven, C.; Meyer-Scott, E.; Fisher, K.; Lavoie, J.; Higgins, B. L.; Yan, Z.; Pugh, C. J.; Bourgoin, J. -P.; Prevedel, R.; Shalm, L. K.; Richards, L.; Gigov, N.; Laflamme, R.; Weihs, G.; Jennewein, T.; Resch, K. J.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Erven, C.] Univ Bristol, HH Wills Phys Lab, Ctr Quantum Photon, Bristol BS8 1UB, Avon, England. [Erven, C.] Univ Bristol, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bristol BS8 1UB, Avon, England. [Yan, Z.] Macquarie Univ, Ctr Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices Opt Syst CUDOS, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Yan, Z.] Macquarie Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, MQ Photon Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. [Prevedel, R.] Res Inst Mol Pathol, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Prevedel, R.] Max F Perutz Labs GmbH, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. [Shalm, L. K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weihs, G.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Erven, C (reprint author), Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM chris.erven@bristol.ac.uk; kresch@uwaterloo.ca RI Prevedel, Robert/L-3377-2014; Weihs, Gregor/G-2564-2013 OI Prevedel, Robert/0000-0003-3366-4703; Weihs, Gregor/0000-0003-2260-3008 FU National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC); Canada Research Chairs (CRC); Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI); European Research Council (ERC, Project "EnSeNa"); Industry Canada; Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE); QuantumWorks; Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) [J2960-N20]; Ministry of Research and Innovation Canada (MRI); Vienna International Post-Doctoral (VIPS) Program of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research; European Commission; City of Vienna; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) FX The authors thank D. Hamel and T. Bergmann for technical discussions, J. Dengis and C. Holloway for assistance in the laboratory, M. Ditty, F. Hamdullahpur, D. Huber, D. Parent, R. Zalagenas, M. Lazaridis and G. Dixon for their support in gaining access to the roof of RAC, P. Fulcher for safety training, A. Conrad, AGFA and C. Stewart for allowing access to private property, B. Zinger, G. Doyle, D. Copeland, R. Reger, B. Mill, T. Galloway and Z. Wang for carpentry and electronics, S. Payne at Leysop Ltd for assistance with Pockels cells, M. Morelli at UBNT.ca for technical advice on wireless networks, Roncare and UW plant operations for snow ploughing, and M. Seibel for towing. The authors acknowledge financial support from the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), Canada Research Chairs (CRC), Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), European Research Council (ERC, Project "EnSeNa"), Industry Canada, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE) and QuantumWorks. R. P. acknowledges support from the Fonds zur Forderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF, J2960-N20), Ministry of Research and Innovation Canada (MRI), the Vienna International Post-Doctoral (VIPS) Program of the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research and the City of Vienna, as well as the European Commission (Marie Curie, FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IIF). NR 33 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 27 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 EI 1749-4893 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD APR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 292 EP 296 DI 10.1038/NPHOTON.2014.50 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA AE2JV UT WOS:000333800000009 ER PT J AU Andrews, RW Peterson, RW Purdy, TP Cicak, K Simmonds, RW Regal, CA Lehnert, KW AF Andrews, R. W. Peterson, R. W. Purdy, T. P. Cicak, K. Simmonds, R. W. Regal, C. A. Lehnert, K. W. TI Bidirectional and efficient conversion between microwave and optical light SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GROUND-STATE; RADIATION-PRESSURE; SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; MECHANICAL OSCILLATOR; MODULATOR; CAVITY; BISTABILITY; RECEIVER; MIRROR; NOISE AB Converting low-frequency electrical signals into much higher-frequency optical signals has enabled modern communication networks to leverage the strengths of both microfabricated electrical circuits and optical fibre transmission, enabling information networks to grow in size and complexity. A microwave-to-optical converter in a quantum information network could provide similar gains by linking quantum processors through low-loss optical fibres and enabling a large-scale quantum network. However, no current technology can convert low-frequency microwave signals into high-frequency optical signals while preserving their fragile quantum state. Here we demonstrate a converter that provides a bidirectional, coherent and efficient link between the microwave and optical portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. We use our converter to transfer classical signals between microwave and optical light with conversion efficiencies of similar to 10%, and achieve performance sufficient to transfer quantum states if the device were further precooled from its current 4 K operating temperature to temperatures below 40 mK. C1 [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Andrews, R. W.; Peterson, R. W.; Purdy, T. P.; Regal, C. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cicak, K.; Simmonds, R. W.; Lehnert, K. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Andrews, RW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM reed.andrews@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU DARPA QuASAR programme; National Science Foundation [1125844]; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation FX This work was supported by the DARPA QuASAR programme and the National Science Foundation under grant number 1125844. We would like to thank D. R. Schmidt for sharing his knowledge of fabrication techniques, J. N. Ullom for lending us equipment and P-L. Yu, J. D. Teufel and J. Kerckhoff for discussions. C.A.R. thanks the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for support. NR 51 TC 160 Z9 161 U1 7 U2 59 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD APR PY 2014 VL 10 IS 4 BP 321 EP 326 DI 10.1038/NPHYS2911 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE5ZQ UT WOS:000334068200021 ER PT J AU Zhang, W Martin, MJ Benko, C Hall, JL Ye, J Hagemann, C Legero, T Sterr, U Riehle, F Cole, GD Aspelmeyer, M AF Zhang, W. Martin, M. J. Benko, C. Hall, J. L. Ye, J. Hagemann, C. Legero, T. Sterr, U. Riehle, F. Cole, G. D. Aspelmeyer, M. TI Reduction of residual amplitude modulation to 1 x 10(-6) for frequency modulation and laser stabilization SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL CAVITY; DIODE-LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; NOISE; PHASE; BAND AB Active control and cancellation of residual amplitude modulation (RAM) in phase modulation of an optical carrier is one of the key technologies for achieving the ultimate stability of a laser locked to an ultrastable optical cavity. Furthermore, such techniques are versatile tools in various frequency modulation-based spectroscopy applications. In this Letter we report a simple and robust approach to actively stabilize RAM in an optical phase modulation process. We employ a waveguide-based electro-optic modulator (EOM) to provide phase modulation and implement an active servo with both DC electric field and temperature feedback onto the EOM to cancel both the in-phase and quadrature components of the RAM. This technique allows RAM control on the parts-per-million level where RAM-induced frequency instability is comparable to or lower than the fundamental thermal noise limit of the best available optical cavities. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, W.; Martin, M. J.; Benko, C.; Hall, J. L.; Ye, J.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, W.; Martin, M. J.; Benko, C.; Hall, J. L.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hagemann, C.; Legero, T.; Sterr, U.; Riehle, F.] PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Cole, G. D.; Aspelmeyer, M.] Univ Vienna, Fac Phys, Vienna Ctr Quantum Sci & Technol VCQ, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Zhang, W (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM w.zhang@JILA.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; wei, zhang/G-4708-2012; Benko, Craig/L-2678-2015; Aspelmeyer, Markus/C-4098-2017 OI wei, zhang/0000-0003-2065-2535; Aspelmeyer, Markus/0000-0003-4499-7335 FU NIST; NSF; DARPA QuASAR; Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) throug the Center of Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST); Austrian Science Fund (FWF); European Research Council (ERC) FX We acknowledge funding support from NIST, NSF, DARPA QuASAR, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Center of Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF), and the European Research Council (ERC). NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 33 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1980 EP 1983 DI 10.1364/OL.39.001980 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AE3PG UT WOS:000333887800070 PM 24686654 ER PT J AU Clark, RA Gourley, JJ Flamig, ZL Hong, Y Clark, E AF Clark, Robert A. Gourley, Jonathan J. Flamig, Zachary L. Hong, Yang Clark, Edward TI CONUS-Wide Evaluation of National Weather Service Flash Flood Guidance Products SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Hydrologic models; Flood events; Operational forecasting; Model evaluation/performance; Radars/Radar observations; Forecast verification/skill ID UNITED-STATES AB This study quantifies the skill of the National Weather Service's (NWS) flash flood guidance (FFG) product. Generated by River Forecast Centers (RFCs) across the United States, local NWS Weather Forecast Offices compare estimated and forecast rainfall to FFG to monitor and assess flash flooding potential. A national flash flood observation database consisting of reports in the NWS publication Storm Data and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream gauge measurements are used to determine the skill of FFG over a 4-yr period. FFG skill is calculated at several different precipitation-to-FFG ratios for both observation datasets. Although a ratio of 1.0 nominally indicates a potential flash flooding event, this study finds that FFG can be more skillful when ratios other than 1.0 are considered. When the entire continental United States is considered, the highest observed critical success index (CSI) with 1-h FFG is 0.20 for the USGS dataset, which should be considered a benchmark for future research that seeks to improve, modify, or replace the current FFG system. Regional benchmarks of FFG skill are also determined on an RFC-by-RFC basis. When evaluated against Storm Data reports, the regional skill of FFG ranges from 0.00 to 0.19. When evaluated against USGS stream gauge measurements, the regional skill of FFG ranges from 0.00 to 0.44. C1 [Clark, Robert A.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Robert A.; Flamig, Zachary L.; Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Adv Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Robert A.; Gourley, Jonathan J.; Flamig, Zachary L.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Hong, Yang] Univ Oklahoma, Dept Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Clark, Edward] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Climate Water & Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System funds FX Funding was provided by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the National Weather Service's Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System funds. We appreciate the former NWS National Precipitation Verification Unit for making the QPE and GFFG grids available to us. We are also grateful to the USGS for access to the database of streamflow observations. Comments from three anonymous reviewers improved the content and readability of the manuscript. We appreciate their time. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 377 EP 392 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-12-00124.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5GZ UT WOS:000334017100012 ER PT J AU Evans, C Van Dyke, DF Lericos, T AF Evans, Clark Van Dyke, Donald F. Lericos, Todd TI How Do Forecasters Utilize Output from a Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecast System? Case Study of a High-Impact Precipitation Event SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article DE Operational forecasting; Forecasting; Forecasting techniques; Ensembles; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting; Forecast verification/skill ID GLOBAL ENSEMBLE; MODEL; SKILL; MESOSCALE; IMPLEMENTATION; PREDICTION; PHYSICS; NCEP; TIME AB The proliferation of ensemble forecast system output in recent years motivates this investigation into how operational forecasters utilize convection-permitting ensemble forecast system guidance in the forecast preparation process. A 16-member, convection-permitting ensemble forecast of the high-impact heavy precipitation resulting from Tropical Storm Fay (2008) is conducted and evaluated. The ensemble provides a skillful, albeit underdispersive and bimodal, forecast at all precipitation thresholds considered. A forecasting exercise is conducted to evaluate how forecasters utilize the ensemble forecast system guidance. Forecasters made two storm-total accumulated precipitation forecasts: one before and one after evaluating the ensemble guidance. Concurrently, forecasters were presented with questionnaires designed to gauge their thought processes in preparing each of their forecasts. Exercise participants felt that the high-resolution ensemble guidance added value and confidence to their forecasts, although it did not meaningfully reduce forecast uncertainty. Incorporation of the ensemble guidance into the forecast preparation process resulted in a modest mean improvement in forecast skill, with each forecast found to be skillful at all accumulated precipitation thresholds. Forecasters primarily utilized the ensemble guidance to identify a "most likely" forecast outcome from disparate deterministic guidance solutions and to help quantify the uncertainty associated with the forecast. Forecasters preferred ensemble guidance that enabled them to quickly understand the range of solutions provided by the ensemble, particularly over the entirety of the domain. Forecasters were generally aware of the diversity of solutions provided by the ensemble guidance; however, only a select few actively interrogated this information when revising their forecasts and each did so in different ways. C1 [Evans, Clark] Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Van Dyke, Donald F.; Lericos, Todd] Natl Weather Serv, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Evans, C (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Atmospher Sci Grp, Dept Math Sci, POB 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM evans36@uwm.edu FU UCAR under of NOAA as part of the COMET Outreach Program [Z11-91832] FX We are greatly indebted to the nine National Weather Service and Florida Division of Emergency Management forecasters who participated in the forecasting exercise detailed herein. Without their participation, this work would not have been possible. This research benefited from discussions with James Correia, Rich Grumm, Evan Kuchera, and Paul Roebber, as well as reviews by Russ Schumacher and two anonymous reviewers. Numerical simulations carried out in this research were conducted on the avi supercomputing facility at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Archived GFS, NAM, and HPC forecast products were obtained from the NCDC. Archived ECMWF forecast products were obtained from the UCAR Research Data Archive. Historical precipitation data for Tallahassee, Florida, were obtained from the Utah Climate Center. Forecast exercise questionnaires were hosted on the Google Docs platform. The Model Evaluation Toolkit was used to compute the rank histogram of the ensemble forecast system. This research was partially supported by Subaward Z11-91832 with UCAR under the sponsorship of NOAA as part of the COMET Outreach Program. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2014 VL 29 IS 2 BP 466 EP 486 DI 10.1175/WAF-D-13-00064.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE5GZ UT WOS:000334017100017 ER PT J AU Rub, AMW Jepsen, N Liedtke, TL Moser, ML Weber, EPS AF Rub, A. Michelle Wargo Jepsen, Niels Liedtke, Theresa L. Moser, Mary L. Weber, E. P. Scott, III TI Surgical insertion of transmitters and telemetry methods in fisheries research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; COMMON AQUACULTURE COMPOUNDS; DUMMY ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; BROWN TROUT C1 [Rub, A. Michelle Wargo; Moser, Mary L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Jepsen, Niels] Danish Tech Univ, Inst Aquat Resources, Sect Fresh Water Fisheries Ecol, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. [Liedtke, Theresa L.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Columbia River Res Lab, Cook, WA 98605 USA. [Weber, E. P. Scott, III] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Rub, AMW (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd East, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michelle.rub@noaa.gov NR 135 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 6 U2 28 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0002-9645 EI 1943-5681 J9 AM J VET RES JI Am. J. Vet. Res. PD APR PY 2014 VL 75 IS 4 BP 402 EP 416 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA AD8VQ UT WOS:000333544200014 PM 24669927 ER PT J AU Gill, RE Douglas, DC Handel, CM Tibbitts, TL Hufford, G Piersma, T AF Gill, Robert E., Jr. Douglas, David C. Handel, Colleen M. Tibbitts, T. Lee Hufford, Gary Piersma, Theunis TI Hemispheric-scale wind selection facilitates bar-tailed godwit circum-migration of the Pacific SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article DE bar-tailed godwit; cognition; endurance migration; flight performance; Limosa lapponica; optimal altitude; satellite telemetry; wind selectivity ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY; BIRD MIGRATION; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; NORTH PACIFIC; STOPOVER DECISIONS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; FLIGHT ALTITUDES; LIMOSA-LAPPONICA AB The annual 29 000 km long migration of the bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica baueri, around the Pacific Ocean traverses what is arguably the most complex and seasonally structured atmospheric setting on Earth. Faced with marked variation in wind regimes and storm conditions across oceanic migration corridors, individuals must make critical decisions about when and where to fly during nonstop flights of a week's duration or longer. At a minimum, their decisions will affect wind profitability and thus reduce energetic costs of migration; in the extreme, poor decisions or unpredictable weather events will risk survival. We used satellite telemetry to track the annual migration of 24 bar-tailed godwits and analysed their flight performance relative to wind conditions during three major migration legs between nonbreeding grounds in New Zealand and breeding grounds in Alaska. Because flight altitudes of birds en route were unknown, we modelled flight efficiency at six geopotential heights across each migratory segment. Birds selected departure dates when atmospheric conditions conferred the greatest wind assistance both at departure and throughout their flights. This behaviour suggests that there exists a cognitive mechanism, heretofore unknown among migratory birds, that allows godwits to assess changes in weather conditions that are linked (i.e. teleconnected) across widely separated atmospheric regions. Godwits also showed adaptive flexibility in their response not only to cues related to seasonal changes in macrometeorology, such as spatial shifting of storm tracks and temporal periods of cyclogenesis, but also to cues associated with stochastic events, especially at departure sites. Godwits showed limits to their response behaviours, however, especially relative to rapidly developing stochastic events while en route. We found that flight efficiency depended significantly upon altitude and hypothesize that godwits exhibit further adaptive flexibility by varying flight altitude en route to optimize flight efficiency. The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Gill, Robert E., Jr.; Handel, Colleen M.; Tibbitts, T. Lee] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. [Douglas, David C.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Juneau, AK USA. [Hufford, Gary] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, Ctr Ecol & Evolutionary Studies, Chair Global Flyway Ecol, Anim Ecol Grp, Groningen, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. RP Gill, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 4120 Univ Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM rgill@usgs.gov OI Handel, Colleen/0000-0002-0267-7408 FU U.S. Geological Survey; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FX The David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service provided funding. S. Senner, N. Warnock and P. Battley were instrumental in the overall development and conduct of the study. We thank Microwave Telemetry, Inc., for their support and technical expertise with satellite telemetry and S. Hermens for his Alaska-honed piloting skills. For help in the field and in capturing birds we thank P. Battley, J. Conklin, W. Cook, M. Dementyev, M. Green, T. Habraken, I. Hutzler, S. Lovibond, B. McCaffery, D. Melville, J. Melville, A. Riegen, D. Ruthrauff, R. Schuckard, T. Swem, P. Tomkovich, G. Vaughan, Nils Warnock, Noah Warnock and K. Woodley. The Miranda Shorebird Centre (K. Woodley), R. Schuckard and D. Melville hosted the New Zealand portion of the study. In Alaska, the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (B. McCaffery) helped with accommodations and logistics in western Alaska; the Alaska Department of Fish and Game helped with work on the North Slope. A. Riegen provided information on godwit longevity and C. Mills shared insights on projected climate change. We also acknowledge use of ERA-Interim data produced by ECMWF and obtained from their data server (http://data-portal.ecmwf.int/data/d/interim_daily/). Any use of trade names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by any institutional affiliation of the authors. Drafts of this contribution benefitted from comments by D. Ruthrauff, J. Pearce and two anonymous referees. NR 110 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 7 U2 79 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 EI 1095-8282 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD APR PY 2014 VL 90 BP 117 EP 130 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.020 PG 14 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA AE1WD UT WOS:000333761400017 ER PT J AU Turner, JW Malayil, L Guadagnoli, D Cole, D Lipp, EK AF Turner, Jeffrey W. Malayil, Leena Guadagnoli, Dominic Cole, D. Lipp, Erin K. TI Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae with respect to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and plankton abundance SO ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; UNITED-STATES; MULTIPLEX PCR; COASTAL ZONE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; RETAIL MEATS AB Over a 1-year period, bi-monthly estuarine surface water and plankton samples (63-200 and > 200 mu m fractions) were assayed by polymerase chain reaction for the prevalence of total Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae and select genes associated with clinical strains found in each species. Neither temperature nor plankton abundance was a significant correlate of total V. parahaemolyticus; however, the prevalence of genes commonly associated with clinical strains (trh, tdh, ORF8) increased with temperature and copepod abundance (P < 0.05). The prevalence of total V. vulnificus and the siderophore-related viuB gene also increased with temperature and copepod and decapod abundance (P < 0.001). Temperature and copepod abundance also covaried with the prevalence of V. cholerae (P < 0.05), but there was no significant relationship with ctxA or other genes commonly found in clinical strains. Results show that genes commonly associated with clinical Vibrio strains were more frequently detected in association with chitinous plankton. We conclude that V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae and subpopulations that harbour genes common to clinical strains respond distinctly to seasonal changes in temperature as well as shifts in the taxonomic composition of discrete plankton fractions. C1 [Turner, Jeffrey W.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Turner, Jeffrey W.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Malayil, Leena; Cole, D.; Lipp, Erin K.] Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Guadagnoli, Dominic] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. RP Lipp, EK (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM elipp@uga.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative [NA04OAR4600203, S0867882] FX This work was funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Oceans and Human Health Initiative grant numbers NA04OAR4600203 and S0867882 (Georgia Oceans and Health Initiative Graduate Training Consortium). This study would not have been possible without the assistance and expertise of our colleagues at the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (Coastal Research Division), especially Dominic Guadagnoli, Brooks Good and William Hughes. NR 64 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1462-2912 EI 1462-2920 J9 ENVIRON MICROBIOL JI Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 SI SI BP 1019 EP 1028 DI 10.1111/1462-2920.12246 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA AE1FH UT WOS:000333713300010 PM 24024909 ER PT J AU Fang, XK Miller, BR Su, SS Wu, J Zhang, JB Hu, JX AF Fang, Xuekun Miller, Benjamin R. Su, ShenShen Wu, Jing Zhang, Jianbo Hu, Jianxin TI Historical Emissions of HFC-23 (CHF3) in China and Projections upon Policy Options by 2050 SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EAST-ASIA; HFCS AB Trifluoromethane (CHF3, HFC-23) is one of the hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) regulated under the Kyoto Protocol with a global warming potential (GVVP) of 14 800 (100-year). China's past, present, and future HFC-23 emissions are of considerable interest to researchers and policymakers involved in climate change. In this study, we compiled a comprehensive historical inventory (1980-2012) and a projection (2013-2050) of HFC-23 production, abatements, and emissions in China. Results show that HFC-23 production in China increased from 0.08 +/- 0.05 Gg/yr in 1980 to 15.4 +/- 2.1 Gg/yr (228 +/- 31 Tg/yr CO2-eq) in 2012, while actual HFC-23 emissions reached a peak of 10.5 +/- 1.8 Gg/yr (155 +/- 27 Tg/y CO2-eq) in 2006, and decreased to a minimum of 7.3 +/- 1.3 Gg/yr (108 +/- 19 Tg/yr CO2-eq) in 2008 and 2009. Under the examined business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, the cumulative emissions of HFC-23 in China over the period 2013-2050 are projected to be 609 Gg (9015 Tg CO2-eq which approximates China's 2012 CO2 emissions). Currently, China's annual HFC-23 emissions are much higher than those from the developed countries, while it is estimated that by year 2027, China's historic contribution to the global atmospheric burden of HFC-23 will have surpassed that of the developed nations under the BAU scenario. C1 [Fang, Xuekun; Su, ShenShen; Wu, Jing; Zhang, Jianbo; Hu, Jianxin] Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Miller, Benjamin R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Miller, Benjamin R.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hu, JX (reprint author), Peking Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Key Joint Lab Environm Simulat & Pollut Con, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM jianxin@pku.edu.cn RI Hu, Jianxin/N-3498-2013; OI Miller, Benjamin/0000-0003-1647-0122 NR 28 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 22 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 7 BP 4056 EP 4062 DI 10.1021/es404995f PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AQ UT WOS:000333776100055 PM 24605818 ER PT J AU Schwacke, LH Smith, CR Townsend, FI Wells, RS Hart, LB Balmer, BC Collier, TK De Guise, S Fry, MM Guillette, LJ Lamb, SV Lane, SM Mcfee, WE Place, NJ Tumlin, MC Ylitalo, GM Zolman, ES Rowles, TK AF Schwacke, Lori H. Smith, Cynthia R. Townsend, Forrest I. Wells, Randall S. Hart, Leslie B. Balmer, Brian C. Collier, Tracy K. De Guise, Sylvain Fry, Michael M. Guillette, Louis J., Jr. Lamb, Stephen V. Lane, Suzanne M. McFee, Wayne E. Place, Ned J. Tumlin, Mandy C. Ylitalo, Gina M. Zolman, Eric S. Rowles, Teresa K. TI Response to Comment on Health of Common Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Schwacke, Lori H.; Hart, Leslie B.; Lane, Suzanne M.; McFee, Wayne E.; Zolman, Eric S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Smith, Cynthia R.] Natl Marine Mammal Fdn, San Diego, CA 92106 USA. [Townsend, Forrest I.] Bayside Hosp Anim, Ft Walton Beach, FL 32547 USA. [Wells, Randall S.; Balmer, Brian C.] Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Collier, Tracy K.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Joint Off Sci Support, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Fry, Michael M.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Biomed & Diagnost Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Guillette, Louis J., Jr.] Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lamb, Stephen V.; Place, Ned J.] Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Anim Hlth Diagnost Ctr, Dept Populat Med & Diagnost Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tumlin, Mandy C.] Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. [Ylitalo, Gina M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schwacke, LH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Lori.Schwacke@noaa.gov OI Fry, Michael/0000-0002-1744-8739 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 7 BP 4209 EP 4211 DI 10.1021/es5009278 PG 3 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AQ UT WOS:000333776100075 PM 24625036 ER PT J AU Sabharwal, NC Savikhin, V Turek-Herman, JR Nicoludis, JM Szalai, VA Yatsunyk, LA AF Sabharwal, Navin C. Savikhin, Victoria Turek-Herman, Joshua R. Nicoludis, John M. Szalai, Veronika A. Yatsunyk, Liliya A. TI N-methylmesoporphyrin IX fluorescence as a reporter of strand orientation in guanine quadruplexes SO FEBS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fluorescent probe; guanine quadruplex; human telomeric DNA; N-methylmesoporphyrin IX; selectivity ID METHYL MESOPORPHYRIN IX; HUMAN TELOMERIC DNA; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PROMOTER REGION; BINDING; LIGANDS; RNA; STABILITY; SEQUENCES; SWITCH AB Guanine quadruplexes (GQ) are four-stranded DNA structures formed by guanine-rich DNA sequences. The formation of GQs inhibits cancer cell growth, although the detection of GQs invivo has proven difficult, in part because of their structural diversity. The development of GQ-selective fluorescent reporters would enhance our ability to quantify the number and location of GQs, ultimately advancing biological studies of quadruplex relevance and function. N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM) interacts selectively with parallel-stranded GQs; in addition, its fluorescence is sensitive to the presence of DNA, making this ligand a possible candidate for a quadruplex probe. In the present study, we investigated the effect of DNA secondary structure on NMM fluorescence. We found that NMM fluorescence increases by about 60-fold in the presence of parallel-stranded GQs and by about 40-fold in the presence of hybrid GQs. Antiparallel GQs lead to lower than 10-fold increases in NMM fluorescence. Single-stranded DNA, duplex, or i-motif, induce no change in NMM fluorescence. We conclude that NMM shows promise as a turn-on' fluorescent probe for detecting quadruplex structures, as well as for differentiating them on the basis of strand orientation. C1 [Sabharwal, Navin C.; Turek-Herman, Joshua R.; Nicoludis, John M.; Yatsunyk, Liliya A.] Swarthmore Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. [Savikhin, Victoria; Szalai, Veronika A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yatsunyk, LA (reprint author), Swarthmore Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, 500 Coll Ave, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. EM Veronika.Szalai@NIST.gov; lyatsun1@swarthmore.edu FU Swarthmore College Start-up grant; Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Benjamin Franklin Travel Grants; National Institute of Standards and Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship FX This work was supported by the Swarthmore College Start-up grant; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (to NCS); Benjamin Franklin Travel Grants (to NCS); and National Institute of Standards and Technology Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (to VS). We thank Professors Lisa Kelly (University of Maryland, Baltimore County) and Richard B. Thompson (University of Maryland, Baltimore) for discussions regarding the fluorescence lifetime measurements. We thank Jean-Louis Mergny (the University of Bordeaux, IECB) for hosting LAY and NCS during the final stages of this project. Steve Wang, Michelle Ferreira and Vince Formica from Swarthmore are acknowledged for their help with the statistical analysis of fluorescence enhancement data. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1742-464X EI 1742-4658 J9 FEBS J JI FEBS J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 281 IS 7 BP 1726 EP 1737 DI 10.1111/febs.12734 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA AE0SH UT WOS:000333676000002 PM 24494857 ER PT J AU Gagin, A Allen, AJ Levin, I AF Gagin, Anton Allen, Andrew J. Levin, Igor TI Combined fitting of small- and wide-angle X-ray total scattering data from nanoparticles: benefits and issues SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PAIR-DISTRIBUTION-FUNCTION; RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; ATOMIC-STRUCTURE; NANOCRYSTALLINE CDS; ZNS NANOPARTICLES; DIFFRACTION DATA; PARTICLES; DISORDER; SIZE AB Simultaneous fitting of small- (SAS) and wide-angle (WAS) X-ray total scattering data for nanoparticles has been explored using both simulated and experimental signals. The nanoparticle types included core/shell metal and quantum-dot CdSe systems. Various combinations of reciprocal- and real-space representations of the scattering data have been considered. Incorporating SAS data into the fit consistently returned more accurate particle-size distribution parameters than those obtained by fitting the WAS data alone. A popular method for fitting the Fourier transform of the WAS data (i.e. a pair-distribution function), in which the omitted SAS part is represented using a parametric function, typically yielded significantly incorrect results. The Pareto optimization method combined with a genetic algorithm proved to be effective for simultaneous SAS/WAS analyses. An approach for identifying the most optimal solution from the Pareto set of solutions has been proposed. C1 [Gagin, Anton; Allen, Andrew J.; Levin, Igor] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov FU US DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation/Department of Energy [NSF/CHE-0822838] FX This study has been initiated in collaboration with K. Mullen (UCLA). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ChemMatCARS APS sector 15 is principally supported by the National Science Foundation/Department of Energy under grant No. NSF/CHE-0822838. The authors are grateful to K. Chapman (APS) and P. Chupas (APS) for their technical assistance with the X-ray total scattering measurements, and to J. Ilavsky (APS) and Y.-S. Chen (ChemMatCARS) for their assistance with the SAS measurements. NR 51 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2014 VL 47 BP 619 EP 629 DI 10.1107/S1600576714001046 PN 2 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AE1UV UT WOS:000333757100018 ER PT J AU Majkrzak, CF Krycka, K Krueger, S Berk, NF Kienzle, P Maranville, B AF Majkrzak, C. F. Krycka, K. Krueger, S. Berk, N. F. Kienzle, P. Maranville, B. TI Phase-sensitive small-angle neutron scattering SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID REFLECTOMETRY; REFLECTION AB A method is described for determining the neutron scattering length density distribution of a molecular-scale object directly from phase-sensitive small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The structure factor amplitude is obtained through the use of a reference structure for a collection of randomly oriented, identical objects in the dilute solution limit (negligible interparticle correlations). This work extends some of the techniques developed in recent years for phase-sensitive specular neutron reflectometry to SANS, although the approach presented here is applicable only within the range of validity of the Born approximation. The scattering object is treated as a composite consisting of an 'unknown' part of interest plus a reference component, the real-space structure of the latter being completely known. If, for example, the reference part of the object is composed of a ferromagnetic material (the magnetization of which is saturated), then polarized neutron beams can be employed to extract the information required for an unambiguous inversion of the scattering data without chemical substitution. The angular averaging over all possible relative orientations of the composite object does not result in a cancellation of the phase information since the reference and unknown parts of each object have a fixed spatial relationship. The new approach proposed here is not simply another type of isomorphic substitution, but also involves a reformulation of the underlying mathematical analysis of this particular scattering problem. C1 [Majkrzak, C. F.; Krycka, K.; Krueger, S.; Berk, N. F.; Kienzle, P.; Maranville, B.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berk, N. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Majkrzak, CF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.majkrzak@nist.gov NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0021-8898 EI 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2014 VL 47 BP 780 EP 787 DI 10.1107/S1600576714004956 PN 2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA AE1UV UT WOS:000333757100037 ER PT J AU Vukicevic, T Uhlhorn, E Reasor, P Klotz, B AF Vukicevic, Tomislava Uhlhorn, Eric Reasor, Paul Klotz, Bradley TI A Novel Multiscale Intensity Metric for Evaluation of Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Mesoscale forecasting; Numerical weather prediction/forecasting ID HURRICANE; RESOLUTION; WAVES AB In this study, a new multiscale intensity (MSI) metric for evaluating tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasts is presented. The metric consists of the resolvable and observable, low-wavenumber intensity represented by the sum of amplitudes of azimuthal wavenumbers 0 and 1 for wind speed within the TC vortex at the radius of maximum wind and a stochastic residual, all determined at 10-m elevation. The residual wind speed is defined as the difference between an estimate of maximum speed and the low-wavenumber intensity. The MSI metric is compared to the standard metric that includes only the maximum speed. Using stepped-frequency microwave radiometer wind speed observations from TC aircraft reconnaissance to estimate the low-wavenumber intensity and the National Hurricane Center's best-track (BT) intensity for the maximum wind speed estimate, it is shown that the residual intensity is well represented as a stochastic quantity with small mean, standard deviation, and absolute norm values that are within the expected uncertainty of the BT estimates. The result strongly suggests that the practical predictability of TC intensity is determined by the observable and resolvable low-wavenumber intensity within the vortex. Verification of a set of high-resolution numerical forecasts using the MSI metric demonstrates that this metric provides more informative and more realistic estimates of the intensity forecast errors. It is also shown that the maximum speed metric allows for error compensation between the low-wavenumber and residual intensities, which could lead to forecast skill overestimation and inaccurate assessment of the impact of forecast system change on the skill. C1 [Vukicevic, Tomislava; Uhlhorn, Eric; Reasor, Paul] NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33156 USA. [Klotz, Bradley] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Vukicevic, T (reprint author), NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33156 USA. EM tomislava.vukicevic@noaa.gov RI Reasor, Paul/B-2932-2014; Klotz, Bradley/J-9506-2013 OI Reasor, Paul/0000-0001-6407-017X; Klotz, Bradley/0000-0002-6061-6531 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1292 EP 1304 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0153.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7KG UT WOS:000333442100004 ER PT J AU Dinh, T Fueglistaler, S AF Dinh, Tra Fueglistaler, Stephan TI Cirrus, Transport, and Mixing in the Tropical Upper Troposphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Cirrus clouds; Trajectories; Numerical analysis/modeling; Transport; Cloud radiative effects; Lagrangian circulation/transport ID UPPER BOUNDARY-CONDITION; TRANSITION LAYER CIRRUS; TROPOPAUSE LAYER; CLOUDS; MODELS; LIDAR; AIR; AGE AB The impact of cloud radiative heating on transport time scales from the tropical upper troposphere to the stratosphere is studied in two-dimensional numerical simulations. Clouds are idealized as sources of radiative heating and are stochastically distributed in space and time. A spatial probability function constrains clouds to occur in only part of the domain to depict heterogeneously distributed clouds in the atmosphere. The transport time from the lower to upper boundaries (age of air) is evaluated with trajectories. The spectra of age of air obtained in the simulations are bimodal, with the first mode composed of trajectories that remain in the cloudy part of the domain during their passages from the lower to upper boundaries, and the second mode composed of the remaining trajectories that visit the cloud-free regions. For the first group of trajectories only, the mean age scales inversely with the time-mean radiative heating in cloudy air, and the one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation provides an adequate model for transport. However, the exchange between the cloudy and cloud-free regions renders the mean age over all trajectories (including those that visit the cloud-free region) much longer than the time expected if all air parcels remain in cloudy air. In addition, the overall mean age is not inversely proportional to the time-mean heating rate in cloudy air. Sensitivity calculations further show that the sizes, durations, and amplitudes of the individual clouds are also important to the transport time. The results show that the frequently used decomposition of radiative heating into clear-sky and cloud radiative heating may give incorrect interpretations regarding the time scale of transport into the stratosphere. C1 [Dinh, Tra; Fueglistaler, Stephan] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Dinh, T (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Sayre Hall,300 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM tdinh@princeton.edu RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013; Dinh, Tra/L-5227-2013 OI Dinh, Tra/0000-0002-0144-2762 FU NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program FX We are grateful to Marat Khairoutdinov for sharing the System of Atmospheric Modeling model and Tak Yamaguchi for sharing the Lagrangian parcel-tracking model. We also would like to thank two anonymous reviewers, whose comments helped improve the manuscript. This research was supported by the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1339 EP 1352 DI 10.1175/JAS-D-13-0147.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD7KG UT WOS:000333442100007 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Cho, TJ DelRio, FW Gorham, JM Zheng, JW Tan, JJ Zachariah, MR Hackley, VA AF Tsai, De-Hao Cho, Tae Joon DelRio, Frank W. Gorham, Justin M. Zheng, Jiwen Tan, Jiaojie Zachariah, Michael R. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Controlled Formation and Characterization of Dithiothreitol-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticle Clusters SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DESORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIMERS; NANOCLUSTERS; AU(111); FRACTIONATION; AGGREGATION; ADSORPTION; LIGANDS AB We report a systematic study of the controlled formation of discrete-sized gold nanoparticle clusters (GNCs) by interaction with the reducing agent dithiothreitol (DTT). Asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation and electrospray differential mobility analysis were employed complementarily to determine the particle size distributions of DTT-conjugated GNCs (DTT GNCs). Transmission electron microscopy was used to provide visualization of DTT GNCs at different states of aggregation. Surface packing density of DTT and the corresponding molecular conformation on the Au surface were characterized by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results show that DTT increases the aggregation rate of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) up to approximate to 100 times. A mixed conformation (i.e., combining vertically aligned, horizontally aligned, and cross-linking modes) exists for DTT on the Au surface for all conditions examined. The primary size of AuNPs, concentration of DTT, and the starting concentration of AuNPs influence the degree of aggregation for DTT GNCs, indicating that the collision frequency, energy barrier, and surface density of DTT are the key factors that control the aggregation rate. DTT GNCs exhibit improved structural stability compared to the citrate-stabilized GNCs (i.e., unconjugated) following reaction with thiolated polyethylene glycol (SH-PEG), indicating that cross-linking and surface protection by DTT suppresses disaggregation normally induced by the steric repulsion of SH-PEG. This work describes a prototype methodology to form ligand-conjugated GNCs with high-quality and well-controlled material properties. C1 [Tsai, De-Hao; Cho, Tae Joon; DelRio, Frank W.; Gorham, Justin M.; Tan, Jiaojie; Hackley, Vincent A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zheng, Jiwen] US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Tan, Jiaojie; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Tan, Jiaojie; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Hackley, VA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 9 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 12 BP 3397 EP 3405 DI 10.1021/la500044y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AE2AT UT WOS:000333776400014 PM 24592809 ER PT J AU Nweeia, MT Eichmiller, FC Hauschka, PV Donahue, GA Orr, JR Ferguson, SH Watt, CA Mead, JG Potter, CW Dietz, R Giuseppetti, AA Black, SR Trachtenberg, AJ Kuo, WP AF Nweeia, Martin T. Eichmiller, Frederick C. Hauschka, Peter V. Donahue, Gretchen A. Orr, Jack R. Ferguson, Steven H. Watt, Cortney A. Mead, James G. Potter, Charles W. Dietz, Rune Giuseppetti, Anthony A. Black, Sandie R. Trachtenberg, Alexander J. Kuo, Winston P. TI Sensory Ability in the Narwhal Tooth Organ System SO ANATOMICAL RECORD-ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE ANATOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE narwhal; tusk; Monodon monoceros; tusk functional significance; Brannstrom hydrodynamic theory; tooth gene expression; pulp tissue; tusk histology ID GENE-RELATED PEPTIDE; HUMAN DENTAL-PULP; MONODON-MONOCEROS-L; ACID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS; AGGRESSIVE TUSK USE; NERVE-FIBERS; SUBSTANCE-P; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-STIMULATION; HOUSEKEEPING GENES AB The erupted tusk of the narwhal exhibits sensory ability. The hypothesized sensory pathway begins with ocean water entering through cementum channels to a network of patent dentinal tubules extending from the dentinocementum junction to the inner pulpal wall. Circumpulpal sensory structures then signal pulpal nerves terminating near the base of the tusk. The maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve then transmits this sensory information to the brain. This sensory pathway was first described in published results of patent dentinal tubules, and evidence from dissection of tusk nerve connection via the maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve to the brain. New evidence presented here indicates that the patent dentinal tubules communicate with open channels through a porous cementum from the ocean environment. The ability of pulpal tissue to react to external stimuli is supported by immunohistochemical detection of neuronal markers in the pulp and gene expression of pulpal sensory nerve tissue. Final confirmation of sensory ability is demonstrated by significant changes in heart rate when alternating solutions of high-salt and fresh water are exposed to the external tusk surface. Additional supporting information for function includes new observations of dentinal tubule networks evident in unerupted tusks, female erupted tusks, and vestigial teeth. New findings of sexual foraging divergence documented by stable isotope and fatty acid results add to the discussion of the functional significance of the narwhal tusk. The combined evidence suggests multiple tusk functions may have driven the tooth organ system's evolutionary development and persistence. Anat Rec, 297:599-617, 2014. (c) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Nweeia, Martin T.] Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Restorat Dent & Biomat Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Nweeia, Martin T.; Mead, James G.; Potter, Charles W.] Smithsonian Inst, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20004 USA. [Nweeia, Martin T.] Harvard Univ, Museum Comparat Zool, Dept Organism & Evolutionary, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Eichmiller, Frederick C.] Delta Dent Wisconsin, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. [Hauschka, Peter V.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Orthopaed Res Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauschka, Peter V.] Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Hauschka, Peter V.; Kuo, Winston P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Dev Biol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Donahue, Gretchen A.] Univ Minnesota, Carlson Sch Management, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Orr, Jack R.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Arctic Res Div, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Ferguson, Steven H.; Watt, Cortney A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. [Dietz, Rune] Aarhus Univ, Inst Biosci, Arctic Res Ctr, Roskilde, Denmark. [Giuseppetti, Anthony A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Black, Sandie R.] Calgary Zoo, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada. [Trachtenberg, Alexander J.; Kuo, Winston P.] Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Catalyst Lab Innovat Translat Technol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Nweeia, MT (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Restorat Dent & Biomat Sci, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM Martin_nweeia@hsdm.harvard.edu RI Dietz, Rune/F-9154-2015 NR 153 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 15 U2 95 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1932-8486 EI 1932-8494 J9 ANAT REC JI Anat. Rec. PD APR PY 2014 VL 297 IS 4 BP 599 EP 617 DI 10.1002/ar.22886 PG 19 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA AC9XF UT WOS:000332887400001 PM 24639076 ER PT J AU Sagarese, SR Frisk, MG Miller, TJ Sosebee, KA Musick, JA Rago, PJ AF Sagarese, Skyler R. Frisk, Michael G. Miller, Thomas J. Sosebee, Kathy A. Musick, John A. Rago, Paul J. TI Influence of environmental, spatial, and ontogenetic variables on habitat selection and management of spiny dogfish in the Northeast (US) shelf large marine ecosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; PLAICE HIPPOGLOSSOIDES-PLATESSOIDES; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; SOUTHERN GULF; ST-LAWRENCE; GEORGES-BANK; HYDROGRAPHIC VARIABLES; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; ASSOCIATIONS; FISHERIES AB Declines in abundance of commercially valuable groundfish have highlighted the ecological and commercial importance of previously underutilized elasmobranchs in the Northeast (US) shelf large marine ecosystem (NES LME). Seasonal distributions and ontogenetic habitats of one such species, spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), were investigated using Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) bottom trawl survey data (1963-2009). Neonate, immature, and mature dogfish all selected warmer, more saline, and more southerly locations during spring compared with available locations. During autumn, larger dogfish occupied relatively warmer, shallower, and less saline waters while neonates selected higher salinities. There were strong ontogenetic patterns in habitats occupied. Contrary to expectation, geographic range contracted as abundance increased during autumn. This suggests that niche constraints override density-dependent effects, although detection of relationships within stages was limited by low statistical power. The proportion of mature female survey catch within the Mid-Atlantic Bight was significantly related to temperature, suggesting that environmental conditions surveyed may impact population trends. Collectively, these results highlight critical habitats, suggest mechanisms behind ontogenetic habitat selection, and provide insight into how changing environmental conditions may impact stock assessment. C1 [Sagarese, Skyler R.; Frisk, Michael G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Miller, Thomas J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Sosebee, Kathy A.; Rago, Paul J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Musick, John A.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Sagarese, SR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM s.sagarese@rsmas.miami.edu RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 FU National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics FX The authors thank all those who have worked or volunteered aboard the NOAA R/Vs Albatross IV and Henry B. Bigelow, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, for assistance with data collection. This project was funded by the National Marine Fisheries Service Sea Grant Fellowship in Population Dynamics. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 25 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 567 EP 580 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0259 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD7AD UT WOS:000333412000008 ER PT J AU Stewart, IJ Hamel, OS AF Stewart, Ian J. Hamel, Owen S. TI Bootstrapping of sample sizes for length- or age-composition data used in stock assessments SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ASSESSMENT MODELS; COMMERCIAL CATCH; FREQUENCY DATA; FISH; POPULATION; DESIGN; PRECISION; MULTIFAN AB Integrated stock assessment models derive estimates of management quantities by fitting to indices of abundance and length and age compositions. For composition data, where a multinomial likelihood is often applied, weights are determined by input sample sizes, which can be an important contributor to model results. We used a generic bootstrap method, verified through simulation, to calculate year-specific maximum realized sample sizes from the observation error inherent in fishery biological data. Applying this method to length-composition observations for 47 groundfish species collected during a standardized trawl survey, we found maximum realized sample size to be related to both the number of hauls and individual fish sampled from those hauls. Sampling in excess of 20 fish from each haul produced little increase in most cases, with maximum realized sample size ranging from approximately 2 to 4 per haul sampled. Utilizing these maximum realized sample sizes as input values for stock assessment (analogous to minimum variance estimates) appropriately incorporates interannual variability, and may reduce over-emphasis on composition data. Results from this method can also help determine sampling targets. C1 [Stewart, Ian J.; Hamel, Owen S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Stewart, IJ (reprint author), Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, 2320 West Commodore Way,Suite 300, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. EM Ian@iphc.int OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211 NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 4 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1139/cjfas-2013-0289 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AD7AD UT WOS:000333412000009 ER PT J AU He, WY Zou, CZ Chen, HB AF He, Wenying Zou, Chengzhi Chen, Hongbin TI Validation of AMSU-A measurements from two different calibrations in the lower stratosphere using COSMIC radio occultation data SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE AMSU; COSMIC; Validation; SNO calibration; Brightness temperature ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; TEMPERATURE; RECALIBRATION; SATELLITES; TRENDS AB GPS radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission were used to validate the measurements of the advanced microwave sounding unit-A (AMSU-A) in the lower stratosphere from different satellites. AMSU-A observations from two different calibrations-the pre-launch operational and post-launch simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) calibrations-were compared to microwave brightness temperatures (Tb) simulated from COSMIC data. Observations from three satellites (NOAA-15, -16, and -18) were used in the comparison. The results showed that AMSU-A Tb measurements from both calibrations and from all three NOAA satellites were underestimated in the lower stratosphere, and that the biases were larger in polar winters, especially over the southern high latitudes. In comparison to operational calibration, the SNO-calibrated AMSU-A data produced much smaller biases relative to the COSMIC data. The improvement due to SNO calibration was quantified by a Ratio index, which measured the bias changes from operational to SNO calibrations relative to the biases between the operational-calibrated AMSU-A data and the COSMIC data. The Ratio values were 70 % for NOAA-15 and[80 % for NOAA-18 and -16, indicating that the SNO calibration method significantly reduced AMSU-A biases and effectively improved AMSU-A data quality. C1 [He, Wenying; Chen, Hongbin] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LAGEO, Beijing 200019, Peoples R China. [Zou, Chengzhi] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP He, WY (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LAGEO, Beijing 200019, Peoples R China. EM hwy@mail.iap.ac.cn RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 FU National Basic Research Program of China [2010CB428602, 2010CB950802] FX The first author is thankful for the help of the CDDAC group with the COSMIC data, and also for the invitation to visit Bill Guo and Ben Ho in the COSMIC group. This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB428602 and 2010CB950802). NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 10 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 EI 1861-9541 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD APR PY 2014 VL 59 IS 11 BP 1159 EP 1166 DI 10.1007/s11434-014-0125-9 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD3GM UT WOS:000333126300013 ER PT J AU Weijerman, M Birkeland, C Piniak, GA Miller, MW Eakin, CM McElhany, P Dunlap, MJ Patterson, M Brainard, RE AF Weijerman, Mariska Birkeland, Charles Piniak, Gregory A. Miller, Margaret W. Eakin, C. Mark McElhany, Paul Dunlap, Matthew J. Patterson, Matt Brainard, Russell E. TI Endangered Species Act listing: three case studies of data deficiencies and consequences of ESA 'threatened' listing on research output SO CURRENT OPINION IN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY LA English DT Article ID REGION-WIDE DECLINES; DEEP-SEA CORALS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; REEFS AB Determining whether a species warrants listing as threatened or endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act depends on the government's assessment of the species' extinction risk, usually in response to a petition. Deciding whether data are sufficient to make a listing determination is a challenging part of the process. We examined three case studies involving corals. A petition for deep-sea corals was rejected for full status review of the species, based on insufficient information on population trends and threats. Information on threats for 82 tropical corals was sufficient to propose listing of 66 species. Significant population declines and identified threats resulted in listing two Atlantic Acropora corals as 'Threatened'. There was no decrease in journal publication rate on the Acropora species after that listing, and no decrease in research permit applications in marine protected areas. However, the effects of listings on research that might help to sustain or recover species remains largely unknown. C1 [Weijerman, Mariska; Dunlap, Matthew J.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Weijerman, Mariska] Wageningen Univ, Environm Syst Anal Grp, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Birkeland, Charles] Univ Hawaii, Dept Biol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Piniak, Gregory A.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Miller, Margaret W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Eakin, C. Mark] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [McElhany, Paul] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Patterson, Matt] Natl Pk Serv, Palmetto, FL 33157 USA. [Brainard, Russell E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacif Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. RP Weijerman, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mariska.weijerman@noaa.gov RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1877-3435 EI 1877-3443 J9 CURR OPIN ENV SUST JI Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. PD APR PY 2014 VL 7 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.11.026 PG 7 WC GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Environmental Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE5HV UT WOS:000334019300004 ER PT J AU Downs, CA Kramarsky-Winter, E Fauth, JE Segal, R Bronstein, O Jeger, R Lichtenfeld, Y Woodley, CM Pennington, P Kushmaro, A Loya, Y AF Downs, C. A. Kramarsky-Winter, Esti Fauth, John E. Segal, Roee Bronstein, Omri Jeger, Rina Lichtenfeld, Yona Woodley, Cheryl M. Pennington, Paul Kushmaro, Ariel Loya, Yossi TI Toxicological effects of the sunscreen UV filter, benzophenone-2, on planulae and in vitro cells of the coral, Stylophora pistillata (vol 23, pg 175, 2014) SO ECOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 [Downs, C. A.] Haereticus Environm Lab, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Segal, Roee; Bronstein, Omri; Loya, Yossi] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Zool, George S Wise Fac Life Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Lichtenfeld, Yona; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Fac Engn Sci, Avram & Stella Goldstein Goren Dept Biotechnol En, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Kramarsky-Winter, Esti; Lichtenfeld, Yona; Kushmaro, Ariel] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Natl Inst Biotechnol Negev, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Fauth, John E.] Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. [Jeger, Rina] Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Life Sci, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. [Woodley, Cheryl M.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Woodley, Cheryl M.; Pennington, Paul] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Kushmaro, Ariel] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. RP Downs, CA (reprint author), Haereticus Environm Lab, POB 92, Clifford, VA 24533 USA. EM cadowns@haereticus-lab.org RI Loya, Yossi/J-3039-2012 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 5 U2 45 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0963-9292 EI 1573-3017 J9 ECOTOXICOLOGY JI Ecotoxicology PD APR PY 2014 VL 23 IS 3 BP 472 EP 473 DI 10.1007/s10646-014-1211-0 PG 2 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AD3GZ UT WOS:000333127600015 ER PT J AU Gouglidis, A Mavridis, I Hu, VC AF Gouglidis, Antonios Mavridis, Ioannis Hu, Vincent C. TI Security policy verification for multi-domains in cloud systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Cloud computing; Collaboration; Multi-domain; RBAC; Secure inter-operation; Verification ID ACCESS-CONTROL POLICIES; CONTROL MODELS; CHECKING AB The cloud is a modern computing paradigm with the ability to support a business model by providing multi-tenancy, scalability, elasticity, pay as you go and self-provisioning of resources by using broad network access. Yet, cloud systems are mostly bounded to single domains, and collaboration among different cloud systems is an active area of research. Over time, such collaboration schemas are becoming of vital importance since they allow companies to diversify their services on multiple cloud systems to increase both uptime and usage of services. The existence of an efficient management process for the enforcement of security policies among the participating cloud systems would facilitate the adoption of multi-domain cloud systems. An important issue in collaborative environments is secure inter-operation. Stemmed from the absence of relevant work in the area of cloud computing, we define a model checking technique that can be used as a management service/tool for the verification of multi-domain cloud policies. Our proposal is based on NIST's (National Institute of Standards and Technology) generic model checking technique and has been enriched with RBAC reasoning. Current approaches, in Grid systems, are capable of verifying and detect only conflicts and redundancies between two policies. However, the latter cannot overcome the risk of privileged user access in multi-domain cloud systems. In this paper, we provide the formal definition of the proposed technique and security properties that have to be verified in multi-domain cloud systems. Furthermore, an evaluation of the technique through a series of performance tests is provided. C1 [Gouglidis, Antonios; Mavridis, Ioannis] Univ Macedonia, Dept Appl Informat, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece. [Hu, Vincent C.] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gouglidis, A (reprint author), Univ Macedonia, Dept Appl Informat, 156 Egnatia Str, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece. EM agougl@uom.gr; mavridis@uom.gr; vincent.hu@nist.gov FU Research Committee of the University of Macedonia, Greece FX This work has been (partially) funded by the Research Committee of the University of Macedonia, Greece. NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1615-5262 EI 1615-5270 J9 INT J INF SECUR JI Int. J. Inf. Secur. PD APR PY 2014 VL 13 IS 2 SI SI BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1007/s10207-013-0205-x PG 15 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA AD6FN UT WOS:000333351500002 ER PT J AU Brynildsrud, O Feil, EJ Bohlin, J Castillo-Ramirez, S Colquhoun, D McCarthy, U Matejusova, IM Rhodes, LD Wiens, GD Verner-Jeffreys, DW AF Brynildsrud, Ola Feil, Edward J. Bohlin, Jon Castillo-Ramirez, Santiago Colquhoun, Duncan McCarthy, Una Matejusova, Iveta M. Rhodes, Linda D. Wiens, Gregory D. Verner-Jeffreys, David W. TI Microevolution of Renibacterium salmoninarum: evidence for intercontinental dissemination associated with fish movements SO ISME JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE fish pathogens; microbial evolution; next-generation sequencing; Renibacterium salmoninarum; transmission history ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; CAUSATIVE AGENT; PACIFIC SALMON; SEQUENCE; TROUT; EVOLUTION; PATHOGEN; TRANSMISSION AB Renibacterium salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease, a major pathogen of salmonid fish species worldwide. Very low levels of intra-species genetic diversity have hampered efforts to understand the transmission dynamics and recent evolutionary history of this Gram-positive bacterium. We exploited recent advances in the next-generation sequencing technology to generate genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 68 diverse R. salmoninarum isolates representing broad geographical and temporal ranges and different host species. Phylogenetic analysis robustly delineated two lineages (lineage 1 and lineage 2); futhermore, dating analysis estimated that the time to the most recent ancestor of all the isolates is 1239 years ago (95% credible interval (CI) 444-2720 years ago). Our data reveal the intercontinental spread of lineage 1 over the last century, concurrent with anthropogenic movement of live fish, feed and ova for aquaculture purposes and stocking of recreational fisheries, whilst lineage 2 appears to have been endemic in wild Eastern Atlantic salmonid stocks before commercial activity. The high resolution of the SNP-based analyses allowed us to separate closely related isolates linked to neighboring fish farms, indicating that they formed part of single outbreaks. We were able to demonstrate that the main lineage 1 subgroup of R. salmoninarum isolated from Norway and the UK likely represent an introduction to these areas similar to 40 years ago. This study demonstrates the promise of this technology for analysis of micro and medium scale evolutionary relationships in veterinary and environmental microorganisms, as well as human pathogens. C1 [Brynildsrud, Ola; Bohlin, Jon] Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Food Safety & Infect Biol, EpiCtr, Oslo, Norway. [Feil, Edward J.; Castillo-Ramirez, Santiago] Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. [Colquhoun, Duncan] Norwegian Vet Inst, Dept Lab Serv, Bacteriol Sect, Oslo, Norway. [McCarthy, Una; Matejusova, Iveta M.] Marine Scotland Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. [Rhodes, Linda D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Wiens, Gregory D.] USDA, Natl Ctr Cool & Coldwater Aquaculture, Leetown, WV USA. [Verner-Jeffreys, David W.] The Nothe, Cefas Weymouth Lab, Weymouth, Dorset, England. RP Verner-Jeffreys, DW (reprint author), CEFAS, Cefas Weymouth Lab, Barrack Rd, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM david.verner-jeffreys@cefas.co.uk OI Wiens, Gregory/0000-0002-5478-7780; Brynildsrud, Ola/0000-0001-7566-4133; Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426; Bohlin, Jon/0000-0002-0992-1311 FU UK's Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs [FB002, DP258] FX The UK's Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs provided funding through Projects FB002 and an interagency grant DP258. Joel Caren, Inger Lise Engen and Georgina Rimmer provided valuable technical support. We thank Dr Bill Keleher for providing isolates from New Brunswick, Canada. Dr Chris Watkins from The Genome Analysis Centre (TGAC), Norwich, UK provided expert assistance with sequencing the isolates. We are grateful to the reviewers for their helpful comments. NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1751-7362 EI 1751-7370 J9 ISME J JI ISME J. PD APR PY 2014 VL 8 IS 4 BP 746 EP 756 DI 10.1038/ismej.2013.186 PG 11 WC Ecology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Microbiology GA AD4BA UT WOS:000333189700002 PM 24173459 ER PT J AU Sun, DZ Zhang, T Sun, Y Yu, YQ AF Sun, De-Zheng Zhang, Tao Sun, Yan Yu, Yongqiang TI Rectification of El Nino-Southern Oscillation into Climate Anomalies of Decadal and Longer Time Scales: Results from Forced Ocean GCM Experiments SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE El Nino ID INSTABILITY WAVE EXPERIMENT; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WIND STRESS; HEAT-BUDGET; LA-NINA; PART I; ENSO; MODEL; VARIABILITY AB To better understand the causes of climate change in the tropical Pacific on the decadal and longer time scales, the rectification effect of ENSO events is delineated by contrasting the time-mean state of two forced ocean GCM experiments. In one of them, the long-term mean surface wind stress of 1950-2011 is applied, while in the other, the surface wind stress used is the long-term mean surface wind stress of 1950-2011 plus the interannual monthly anomalies over the period. Thus, the long-term means of the surface wind stress in the two runs are identical. The two experiments also use the same relaxation boundary conditions, that is, the SST is restored to the same prescribed values. The two runs, however, are found to yield significantly different mean climate for the tropical Pacific. The mean state of the run with interannual fluctuations in the surface winds is found to have a cooler warm pool, warmer thermocline water, and warmer eastern surface Pacific than the run without interannual fluctuations in the surface winds. The warming of the eastern Pacific has a pattern that resembles the observed decadal warming. In particular, the pattern features an off-equator maximum as the observed decadal warming. The spatial pattern of the time-mean upper-ocean temperature differences between the two experiments is shown to resemble that of the differences in the nonlinear dynamic heating, underscoring the role of the nonlinear ocean dynamics in the rectification. The study strengthens the suggestion that rectification of ENSO can be a viable mechanism for climate change of decadal and longer time scales. C1 [Sun, De-Zheng; Zhang, Tao; Sun, Yan] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sun, De-Zheng; Zhang, Tao; Sun, Yan] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sun, Yan] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Key Lab Ocean Circulat & Waves, Qingdao, Peoples R China. [Yu, Yongqiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, LASG, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Sun, DZ (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, 325 Broadway,Mail Code R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dezheng.sun@noaa.gov RI Yu, Yongqiang /K-7808-2012 OI Yu, Yongqiang /0000-0001-8596-3583 FU NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program [AGS 0852329]; NOAA Climate Program Office's Earth System Science (ESS) program; Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projections (MAPP) program; National Basic Research Program of China [2012CB417401]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2012M521378]; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change; National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences [2010CB950502] FX This research was supported by a grant from NSF Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program (AGS 0852329) and by grants from the NOAA Climate Program Office's Earth System Science (ESS) program and the Modeling, Analysis, Prediction, and Projections (MAPP) program. Yan Sun was also supported by the National Basic Research Program of China for Structures, Variability, and Climatic Impacts of Ocean Circulation and Warm Pool in the Tropical Pacific Ocean (Grant 2012CB417401) and by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant 2012M521378). Yongqiang Yu was supported by the Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change and the National Key Program for Developing Basic Sciences (Grant 2010CB950502). The leading author would like to thank Dr. Mark Cane, Dr. Fei-Fei Jin, Dr. Michael McPhaden, and Dr. Richard Seager for their encouragements on this line of work on ENSO. NR 55 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2545 EP 2561 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00390.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6PA UT WOS:000333382100005 ER PT J AU Lubbecke, JF McPhaden, MJ AF Luebbecke, Joke F. McPhaden, Michael J. TI Assessing the Twenty-First-Century Shift in ENSO Variability in Terms of the Bjerknes Stability Index* SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Decadal variability; El Nino; Tropical variability; Thermocline; Interannual variability ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; DATA ASSIMILATION; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; BASIC STATE; CLIMATE; SYSTEM; STRATIFICATION AB A decadal change in the character of ENSO was observed around year 2000 toward weaker-amplitude, higher-frequency events with an increased occurrence of central Pacific El Ninos. Here these changes are assessed in terms of the Bjerknes stability index (BJ index), which is a measure of the growth rate of ENSO-related SST anomalies. The individual terms of the index are calculated from ocean reanalysis products separately for the time periods 1980-99 and 2000-10. The spread between the products is large, but they show a robust weakening of the thermocline feedback due to a reduced thermocline slope response to anomalous zonal wind stress as well as a weakened wind stress response to eastern equatorial Pacific SST anomalies. These changes are consistent with changes in the background state of the tropical Pacific: cooler mean SST in the eastern and central equatorial Pacific results in reduced convection there together with a westward shift in the ascending branch of the Walker circulation. This shift leads to a weakening in the relationship between eastern Pacific SST and longitudinally averaged equatorial zonal wind stress. Also, despite a steeper mean thermocline slope in the more recent period, the thermocline slope response to wind stress anomalies weakened due to a smaller zonal wind fetch that results from ENSO-related wind anomalies being more confined to the western basin. As a result, the total BJ index is more negative, corresponding to a more strongly damped system in the past decade compared to the 1980s and 1990s. C1 [Luebbecke, Joke F.; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lubbecke, JF (reprint author), NOAA, PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM joke.luebbecke@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Luebbecke, Joke/G-6315-2016 OI Luebbecke, Joke/0000-0002-7839-3284 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL FX The authors like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at NOAA/PMEL. We thank Simona Masina and Pierluigi Di Pietro for the INGV OI5 output and Armin Kohl for the GECCO2 output. NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2577 EP 2587 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00438.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6PA UT WOS:000333382100007 ER PT J AU Wittenberg, AT Rosati, A Delworth, TL Vecchi, GA Zeng, FR AF Wittenberg, Andrew T. Rosati, Anthony Delworth, Thomas L. Vecchi, Gabriel A. Zeng, Fanrong TI ENSO Modulation: Is It Decadally Predictable? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE El Nino; Climate prediction; ENSO; Interdecadal variability; Interannual variability; Seasonal forecasting ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; ATLANTIC THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; 1997-98 EL-NINO; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; PACIFIC INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LINE SIMULATION CHARACTERISTICS; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODELS AB Observations and climate simulations exhibit epochs of extreme El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) behavior that can persist for decades. Previous studies have revealed a wide range of ENSO responses to forcings from greenhouse gases, aerosols, and orbital variations, but they have also shown that interdecadal modulation of ENSO can arise even without such forcings. The present study examines the predictability of this intrinsically generated component of ENSO modulation, using a 4000-yr unforced control run from a global coupled GCM [GFDL Climate Model, version 2.1 (CM2.1)] with a fairly realistic representation of ENSO. Extreme ENSO epochs from the unforced simulation are reforecast using the same ("perfect") model but slightly perturbed initial conditions. These 40-member reforecast ensembles display potential predictability of the ENSO trajectory, extending up to several years ahead. However, no decadal-scale predictability of ENSO behavior is found. This indicates that multidecadal epochs of extreme ENSO behavior can arise not only intrinsically but also delicately and entirely at random. Previous work had shown that CM2.1 generates strong, reasonably realistic, decadally predictable high-latitude climate signals, as well as tropical and extratropical decadal signals that interact with ENSO. However, those slow variations appear not to lend significant decadal predictability to this model's ENSO behavior, at least in the absence of external forcings. While the potential implications of these results are sobering for decadal predictability, they also offer an expedited approach to model evaluation and development, in which large ensembles of short runs are executed in parallel, to quickly and robustly evaluate simulations of ENSO. Further implications are discussed for decadal prediction, attribution of past and future ENSO variations, and societal vulnerability. C1 [Wittenberg, Andrew T.; Rosati, Anthony; Delworth, Thomas L.; Vecchi, Gabriel A.; Zeng, Fanrong] NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Wittenberg, AT (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM andrew.wittenberg@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; NR 149 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2667 EP 2681 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00577.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6PA UT WOS:000333382100013 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Hu, ZZ AF Kumar, Arun Hu, Zeng-Zhen TI How Variable Is the Uncertainty in ENSO Sea Surface Temperature Prediction? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article DE Ensembles; El Nino; Seasonal forecasting ID EL-NINO; SEASONAL PREDICTION; LA-NINA; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SSTS AB The magnitude of seasonal predictability for a variable depends on departure of its probability density function (PDF) for a particular season from the corresponding climatological PDF. Differences in the PDF can be due to differences in various moments of the PDF (e.g., mean or the spread) from their corresponding values for the climatological PDF. Year-to-year changes in which moments of the PDF systematically contribute to seasonal predictability are an area of particular interest. Previous analyses for seasonal atmospheric variability have indicated that most of atmospheric predictability is (i) due to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and (ii) primarily due to change in the mean of the PDF for the atmospheric variability with changes in the spread of the PDF playing a secondary role. Present analysis extends to the assessment of seasonal predictability of ENSO SSTs themselves. Based on analysis of seasonal hindcasts, the results indicate that the spread (or the uncertainty) in the prediction of ENSO SSTs does not have a systematic dependence on the mean of the amplitude of predicted ENSO SST anomalies, and further, year-to-year changes in uncertainty are small. Therefore, similar to the atmospheric predictability, predictability of ENSO SSTs may also reside in the prediction of its mean amplitude; spread being almost constant does not have a systematic impact on the predictability. C1 [Kumar, Arun; Hu, Zeng-Zhen] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr, 5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov RI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/B-4373-2011 OI Hu, Zeng-Zhen/0000-0002-8485-3400 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 7 BP 2779 EP 2788 DI 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00576.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AD6PA UT WOS:000333382100019 ER PT J AU McGovern, A Gagne, DJ Williams, JK Brown, RA Basara, JB AF McGovern, Amy Gagne, David J., II Williams, John K. Brown, Rodger A. Basara, Jeffrey B. TI Enhancing understanding and improving prediction of severe weather through spatiotemporal relational learning SO MACHINE LEARNING LA English DT Article DE Statistical relational learning; Spatiotemporal; Severe weather ID SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM ENVIRONMENTS; TREE INDUCTION; TURBULENCE; TORNADOGENESIS; REPRESENTATION; OKLAHOMA; TIME AB Severe weather, including tornadoes, thunderstorms, wind, and hail annually cause significant loss of life and property. We are developing spatiotemporal machine learning techniques that will enable meteorologists to improve the prediction of these events by improving their understanding of the fundamental causes of the phenomena and by building skillful empirical predictive models. In this paper, we present significant enhancements of our Spatiotemporal Relational Probability Trees that enable autonomous discovery of spatiotemporal relationships as well as learning with arbitrary shapes. We focus our evaluation on two real-world case studies using our technique: predicting tornadoes in Oklahoma and predicting aircraft turbulence in the United States. We also discuss how to evaluate success for a machine learning algorithm in the severe weather domain, which will enable new methods such as ours to transfer from research to operations, provide a set of lessons learned for embedded machine learning applications, and discuss how to field our technique. C1 [McGovern, Amy] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Gagne, David J., II; Basara, Jeffrey B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Williams, John K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Brown, Rodger A.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP McGovern, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM amcgovern@ou.edu; djgagne@ou.edu; jkwillia@ucar.edu; Rodger.Brown@noaa.gov; jbasara@ou.edu RI Basara, Jeffrey/A-4907-2008 OI Basara, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2096-6844 FU National Science Foundation [NSF/IIS/0746816]; NSF [2011099434]; Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education; Oklahoma Department of Public Safety; Federal Aviation Administration; NASA [NNX08AL89G] FX This study was funded by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF/IIS/0746816 and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship No. 2011099434. The Oklahoma Mesonet is funded by the taxpayers of Oklahoma through the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education and the Oklahoma Department of Public Safety. The authors thank Jason Craig and Gregory Meymaris for providing some of the data used in this article. This research was supported by the Federal Aviation Administration and by NASA under Grant No. NNX08AL89G. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The authors would also like to thank Jon Trueblood and Tim Sliwinski for their work in the aircraft turbulence data and Brittany Dahl for her work in generating the supercell simulations. The supercell simulations were performed at XSEDE/NICS using the supercomputers kraken and nautilus. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official policy or position of the U.S. government. NR 73 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0885-6125 EI 1573-0565 J9 MACH LEARN JI Mach. Learn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 95 IS 1 SI SI BP 27 EP 50 DI 10.1007/s10994-013-5343-x PG 24 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA AD3PI UT WOS:000333157800003 ER PT J AU Garcia, RN Chung, KW Key, PB Burnett, LE Coen, LD DeLorenzo, ME AF Garcia, R. N. Chung, K. W. Key, P. B. Burnett, L. E. Coen, L. D. DeLorenzo, M. E. TI Interactive Effects of Mosquito Control Insecticide Toxicity, Hypoxia, and Increased Carbon Dioxide on Larval and Juvenile Eastern Oysters and Hard Clams SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; ELEVATED CO2 LEVELS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; RISK-ASSESSMENT; PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES; SACCOSTREA-GLOMERATA; OCEAN ACIDIFICATION; CONTROL PESTICIDES; ESTUARINE WATERS AB Mosquito control insecticide use in the coastal zone coincides with the habitat and mariculture operations of commercially and ecologically important shellfish species. Few data are available regarding insecticide toxicity to shellfish early life stages, and potential interactions with abiotic stressors, such as low oxygen and increased CO2 (low pH), are less understood. Toxicity was assessed at 4 and 21 days for larval and juvenile stages of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, and the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria, using two pyrethroids (resmethrin and permethrin), an organophosphate (naled), and a juvenile growth hormone mimic (methoprene). Acute toxicity (4-day LC50) values ranged from 1.59 to > 10 mg/L. Overall, clams were more susceptible to mosquito control insecticides than oysters. Naled was the most toxic compound in oyster larvae, whereas resmethrin was the most toxic compound in clam larvae. Mortality for both species generally increased with chronic insecticide exposure (21-day LC50 values ranged from 0.60 to 9.49 mg/L). Insecticide exposure also caused sublethal effects, including decreased swimming activity after 4 days in larval oysters (4-day EC50 values of 0.60 to 2.33 mg/L) and decreased growth (shell area and weight) in juvenile clams and oysters after 21 days (detected at concentrations ranging from 0.625 to 10 mg/L). Hypoxia, hypercapnia, and a combination of hypoxia and hypercapnia caused mortality in larval clams and increased resmethrin toxicity. These data will benefit both shellfish mariculture operations and environmental resource agencies as they manage the use of mosquito control insecticides near coastal ecosystems. C1 [Garcia, R. N.; Burnett, L. E.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Chung, K. W.; Key, P. B.; DeLorenzo, M. E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Coen, L. D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Coen, L. D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, HBOI, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov FU Southern Regional Aquaculture Center; United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service; College of Charleston Graduate Program in Marine Biology, Biology Department, and Graduate Student Association FX This research was funded by a Grant from the Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, to M. E. DeLorenzo and L. D. Coen and the College of Charleston Graduate Program in Marine Biology, Biology Department, and Graduate Student Association. We acknowledge the kind experimental assistance of Paul Pennington, Shannon Whitehead, and John Venturella (NOAA/NOS/CCEHBR) as well as Karen Burnett, Anna Tommerdahl, Rebecca Derex, and Sarah Song (College of Charleston). We thank Mike Fulton, Tina Mikulski, Cheryl Woodley, and Pat Fair for helpful review of the manuscript. The NOAA, National Ocean Service does not approve, recommend, or endorse any proprietary product or material mentioned in this publication. This is Contribution No. 418 of the Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC. NR 72 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 7 U2 56 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 EI 1432-0703 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 66 IS 3 BP 450 EP 462 DI 10.1007/s00244-014-0002-1 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA AC8MP UT WOS:000332787500013 PM 24531857 ER PT J AU Bonin, CA Goebel, ME Hoffman, JI Burton, RS AF Bonin, Carolina A. Goebel, Michael E. Hoffman, Joseph I. Burton, Ronald S. TI High male reproductive success in a low-density Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) breeding colony SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Paternity; Reproductive skew; Site fidelity; Breeding; Mating system; Microsatellite; Seal; Pinniped ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; SITE FIDELITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; SIBSHIP INFERENCE; SEXUAL SELECTION; MATING SYSTEMS; ELEPHANT SEALS; SOUTH SHETLAND; RELATEDNESS AB Understanding how population density influences mating systems may lead to important insights into the plasticity of breeding behavior, but few natural systems allow for such studies. Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) provide an interesting model system because they breed in colonies of varying densities. Previous studies have largely focused on a high-density site at Bird Island, South Georgia. Here, 13 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to conduct a genetic analysis of a low-density breeding colony of this species at Livingston Island, approximately 1,600 km south of South Georgia. The majority of adults seen ashore (n = 54) were sampled together with every pup born (n = 97) over four consecutive years. Paternities were confidently assigned for 34 out of the 97 pups. Two out of 23 sampled males accounted for the paternity of 28 % of all pups sampled during the study and 82 % of the pups with an assigned father. Moreover, a full likelihood pedigree inference method assigned a further eight paternities to a single unsampled male seal that is inferred to have held a territory during the season before the study began. The most successful males in our study easily surpassed the previous record for the total number of pups sired per male seal for the species. Furthermore, we identified two triads of full siblings implying that their parents remated in three consecutive years. These findings suggest that territorial male fur seals may achieve greater success in monopolizing access to breeding females when population density is relatively low. C1 [Bonin, Carolina A.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Goebel, Michael E.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hoffman, Joseph I.] Univ Bielefeld, Dept Anim Behav, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. [Burton, Ronald S.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Bonin, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM bonincarolina@gmail.com RI hoffman, joseph/K-7725-2012; Burton, Ron/F-7694-2010 OI hoffman, joseph/0000-0001-5895-8949; FU National Science Foundation-Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program [0903551]; Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography FX C.A. Bonin is supported by the National Science Foundation-Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Program grant # 0903551 awarded by the Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The United States Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program provided resources for field and laboratory work; we especially thank Dr. Rennie Holt and George Watters for supporting this research. Laboratory infra-structure was provided by Protected Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA. We are grateful to the 'Programa Antartico Brasileiro' (PROANTAR) and the 'Ministerio da Ciencia and Technologia do Brasil' for transportation of CA Bonin from Punta Arenas to Cape Shirreff during the 2009-2010 field season. Invaluable field assistance was provided by Ryan Burner, Raymond Buchheit, and Birgitte MacDonald. Drs. Eric Lewallen and Phil Morin provided valuable comments on the previous versions of this manuscript. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 EI 1432-0762 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 68 IS 4 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1007/s00265-013-1674-7 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA AD1FL UT WOS:000332979400007 ER PT J AU Safford, TG Norman, KC Henly, M Mills, KE Levin, PS AF Safford, Thomas G. Norman, Karma C. Henly, Megan Mills, Katherine E. Levin, Phillip S. TI Environmental Awareness and Public Support for Protecting and Restoring Puget Sound SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Environmental awareness; Coastal management; Environmental policy; Social indicators ID GENDER; MANAGEMENT; RISK; RACE; CONSEQUENCES; KNOWLEDGE; FISHERIES; ATTITUDES; SCIENCE; ESTUARY AB In an effort to garner consensus around environmental programs, practitioners have attempted to increase awareness about environmental threats and demonstrate the need for action. Nonetheless, how beliefs about the scope and severity of different types of environmental concerns shape support for management interventions are less clear. Using data from a telephone survey of residents of the Puget Sound region of Washington, we investigate how perceptions of the severity of different coastal environmental problems, along with other social factors, affect attitudes about policy options. We find that self-assessed environmental understanding and views about the seriousness of pollution, habitat loss, and salmon declines are only weakly related. Among survey respondents, women, young people, and those who believe pollution threatens Puget Sound are more likely to support policy measures such as increased enforcement and spending on restoration. Conversely, self-identified Republicans and individuals who view current regulations as ineffective tend to oppose governmental actions aimed at protecting and restoring Puget Sound. Support for one policy measure-tax credits for environmentally-friendly business practices-is not significantly affected by political party affiliation. These findings demonstrate that environmental awareness can influence public support for environmental policy tools. However, the nature of particular management interventions and other social forces can have important mitigating effects and need to be considered by practitioners attempting to develop environment-related social indicators and generate consensus around the need for action to address environmental problems. C1 [Safford, Thomas G.; Henly, Megan] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Horton Social Sci Ctr 417, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Norman, Karma C.; Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mills, Katherine E.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. RP Safford, TG (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Sociol, Horton Social Sci Ctr 417, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM tom.safford@unh.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [DW13923277]; College of Liberal Arts at the University of New Hampshire; Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire FX Funding for this project was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration-National Marine Fisheries Service, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (grant DW13923277), and the College of Liberal Arts at the University of New Hampshire. In accordance with the Paperwork Reduction Act, the survey presented here was approved by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Office of Management Budget under OMB Control Number 0648-0641. The authors would also like to acknowledge the support of the Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire and Dr. Larry Hamilton for his assistance with statistical analyses. NR 84 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X EI 1432-1009 J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD APR PY 2014 VL 53 IS 4 BP 757 EP 768 DI 10.1007/s00267-014-0236-8 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AD0UM UT WOS:000332949600004 PM 24488038 ER PT J AU Penczek, J Boynton, PA Splett, JD AF Penczek, John Boynton, Paul A. Splett, Jolene D. TI Color Error in the Digital Camera Image Capture Process SO JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING LA English DT Article DE Color error; Camera; Color difference; Color correction; Telemedicine AB The color error in images taken by digital cameras is evaluated with respect to its sensitivity to the image capture conditions. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the dependence of image color error on camera technology, illumination spectra, and lighting uniformity. The measurement conditions were selected to simulate the variation that might be expected in typical telemedicine situations. Substantial color errors were observed, depending on the measurement conditions. Several image post-processing methods were also investigated for their effectiveness in reducing the color errors. The results of this study quantify the level of color error that may occur in the digital camera image capture process, and provide guidance for improving the color accuracy through appropriate changes in that process and in post-processing. C1 [Penczek, John] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Boynton, Paul A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Splett, Jolene D.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Penczek, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, MS 686-01,Rm 1-3542,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jpenczek@nist.gov FU NIST Health IT initiative FX The authors would like to thank Yves Vander Haeghen for his valuable discussions and the use of the CIPFToolbox color correction software. Questions regarding his color correction software should be directed to Dr. Vander Haeghen at University Hospital Ghent, ICT department, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium, or by e-mail at Yves. VanderHaeghen@uzgent.be. This work was supported as part of the NIST Health IT initiative. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0897-1889 EI 1618-727X J9 J DIGIT IMAGING JI J. Digit. Imaging PD APR PY 2014 VL 27 IS 2 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1007/s10278-013-9644-1 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA AD0ZF UT WOS:000332962700004 PM 24162666 ER PT J AU Verdal, N Her, JH Stavila, V Soloninin, AV Babanova, OA Skripov, AV Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ AF Verdal, Nina Her, Jae-Hyuk Stavila, Vitalie Soloninin, Alexei V. Babanova, Olga A. Skripov, Alexander V. Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John J. TI Complex high-temperature phase transitions in Li2B12H12 and Na2B12H12 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Dodecaborate; Neutron powder diffraction; Orientational disorder; Phase transition; Ion mobility; Superionic conductor ID DODECAHYDRO-CLOSO-DODECABORATE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; INTERATOMIC DISTANCES; NMR; DECOMPOSITION; STABILITY; SYSTEM; LIBH4 AB Differential scanning calorimety measurements of Li2B12H12 and Na2B12H12 indicate hysteretic transformations to high-temperature phases at approximate to 615 K and 529 K, respectively, upon heating (1 K/min) from room temperature. X-ray and neutron powder diffraction measurements corroborate the phase-change behavior. For Li2B12H12, the diffraction data are consistent with a previous study suggesting that the overall face-centered-cubic arrangement of icosahedral B12H12- anions is maintained upon transformation to the high-temperature polymorph, although the anions are now orientationally disordered and the Li+ cations crystallographically disordered within an enlarged lattice. For Na2B12H12, the diffraction data indicate the existence of three different high-temperature phases in addition to the known low-temperature monoclinic phase. The highest-temperature structure possesses Im (3) over barm symmetry and exhibits a body-centered-cubic arrangement of orientationally disordered anions. The interstitial, disordered Na+ cations appear to favor off-center positions within the distorted tetrahedral sites formed by the anions in this structure. An intermediate Pm (3) over barn-symmetric phase at lower temperature is the result of a partial ordering of this higher-temperature structure. A third, minor, face-centered-cubic phase coexists with these high-temperature polymorphs. H-1 NMR measurements of Li2B12H12 and Na2B12H12 reveal an approximately two-orders-of-magnitude increase in the reorientational jump rate of the anions in both cases upon transformation to their high-temperature structures. The enhanced anion mobilities were corroborated by neutron scattering fixed-window scans across the respective phase boundaries. The inherent cation disorder associated with these high-temperature polymorphs suggests their potential use as superionic conductors. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Verdal, Nina; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Verdal, Nina; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk] GE Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Stavila, Vitalie] Sandia Natl Labs, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. [Soloninin, Alexei V.; Babanova, Olga A.; Skripov, Alexander V.] Russian Acad Sci, Ural Branch, Inst Met Phys, Ekaterinburg 620990, Russia. RP Verdal, N (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nina.verdal@nist.gov RI Babanova, Olga/J-4821-2013; Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013; Soloninin, Alexey/J-8580-2013 OI Babanova, Olga/0000-0002-2422-3263; Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538; Soloninin, Alexey/0000-0001-7127-9641 FU DOE EERE [DE-EE0002978, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, DE-AC04-94AL85000]; Russian Foundation for Basic Research [12-03-00078]; U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) [RUP1-7076-EK-12]; National Science Foundation [OISE-9531011, DMR-0944772] FX This work was partially supported by the DOE EERE through Grant Nos. DE-EE0002978, DE-AI-01-05EE11104, and DE-AC04-94AL85000 and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grant No. 12-03-00078, the U.S. Civilian Research & Development Foundation (CRDF Global) under Award No. RUP1-7076-EK-12 and the National Science Foundation under Cooperative Agreement No. OISE-9531011. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement DMR-0944772. NR 40 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 10 U2 56 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 EI 1095-726X J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD APR PY 2014 VL 212 BP 81 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2014.01.006 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD2NC UT WOS:000333071400013 ER PT J AU Seif, M Schafer, B AF Seif, Mina Schafer, Benjamin TI Design of Locally Slender Structural Steel Columns SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE Steel columns; Cross sections; Finite element method; Finite strip method; Buckling; Critical loads; Structural design; Steel columns; Stability; Cross sections; Finite-element method; Finite-strip method; Buckling; Critical loads; Design; Analysis and computation ID I-SHAPED BEAMS; STRENGTH; GIRDERS AB The primary objective of this paper is to evaluate and compare design methods for locally slender steel columns. Three design methods utilized for such columns in the United States are explored: (1)the Q-factor method; (2)the unified effective width method; and (3)the direct strength method. The design strength formulas for locally slender W-section columns for all methods are provided in a common notation. The expressions highlight the prominent role of elastic local (cross-section) slenderness. A nonlinear shell finite-element analysis parametric study on short, intermediate, and long columns is conducted to explore the divergence in the design methods as a function of local slenderness. Recommendations for advancing the design methods are offered. In particular, based on the parametric study, an effective width method alternative is provided. C1 [Seif, Mina] NIST, Struct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schafer, Benjamin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Seif, M (reprint author), NIST, Struct Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mina.seif@jhu.edu; schafer@jhu.edu FU AISC; AISC Faculty Fellowship program in this research FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of AISC, and the AISC Faculty Fellowship program in this research. Any views or opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors alone. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 7 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 EI 1943-541X J9 J STRUCT ENG JI J. Struct. Eng. PD APR 1 PY 2014 VL 140 IS 4 AR 04013086 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000889 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA AC7XQ UT WOS:000332748000017 ER PT J AU Petersen, EJ Lam, T Gorham, JM Scott, KC Long, CJ Stanley, D Sharma, R Liddle, JA Pellegrin, B Nguyen, T AF Petersen, Elijah J. Lam, Thomas Gorham, Justin M. Scott, Keana C. Long, Christian J. Stanley, Deborah Sharma, Renu Liddle, J. Alexander Pellegrin, Bastien Tinh Nguyen TI Methods to assess the impact of UV irradiation on the surface chemistry and structure of multiwall carbon nanotube epoxy nanocomposites SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL UPTAKE; COMPOSITES; RELEASE; BIOACCUMULATION; DEGRADATION; MECHANISMS; FUNCTIONALIZATION; PHOTOOXIDATION; DEPURATION; NANOSCALE AB One of the most promising applications of nanomaterials is as nanofillers to enhance the properties of polymeric materials. However, the effect of nanofillers on polymers subjected to typical environmental stresses, such as ultraviolet (UV) radiation, high humidity, or elevated temperatures, is not well understood. This stems partly from a lack of a single analytical method to assess these impacts. In this study, multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) epoxy nanocomposite materials were exposed to carefully controlled UV doses (equivalent of up to approximate to 4 years in Florida). A suite of microscopic, spectroscopic and gravimetric techniques were optimized and used to assess changes occurring in the sample mass, surface chemistry, and surface and sub-surface morphology after UV irradiation. Overall, photodegradation of the epoxy matrix was retarded by the presence of the 3.5% MWCNT filler, suggesting that MWCNTs may enhance the lifetime of nanocomposite materials. Multiple microscopic and spectroscopic techniques clearly showed accumulation of MWCNTs on the nanocomposite surface that grew with increasing UV dose, a finding that may be significant with regard to the potential risk of MWCNT release during the nanocomposite lifetime. These analytical methods will help enable a robust and informative assessment of transformations in polymer nanocomposites subject to environmental stresses. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Petersen, Elijah J.] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lam, Thomas; Long, Christian J.; Sharma, Renu; Liddle, J. Alexander] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gorham, Justin M.; Scott, Keana C.] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Long, Christian J.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Stanley, Deborah; Pellegrin, Bastien; Tinh Nguyen] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pellegrin, Bastien] Univ Toulouse, LGC, F-31062 Toulouse, France. RP Petersen, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov; tinh.nguyen@nist.gov RI Petersen, Elijah/E-3034-2013; Scott, Keana/J-5717-2015; Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X FU University of Maryland; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, through the University of Maryland [70NANB10H193] FX C.J. Long acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 54 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 47 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 EI 1873-3891 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2014 VL 69 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.12.016 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AB6RT UT WOS:000331917900021 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Davis, JM Peltz, MA Snyder, KA AF Bentz, Dale P. Davis, Jeffrey M. Peltz, Max A. Snyder, Kenneth A. TI Influence of internal curing and viscosity modifiers on resistance to sulfate attack SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Durability; Internal curing; Micro X-ray fluorescence; Shrinkage-reducing admixture; Sulfate attack; Viscosity modifier ID SHRINKAGE-REDUCING ADMIXTURES; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE AB Sulfate attack is one of the common degradation mechanisms for concrete in severe environments. While various strategies for minimizing sulfate attack are well recognized, including using an ASTM C150 Type V cement, employing supplementary cementitious materials, and/or reducing water-to-cementitious materials ratio, this paper explores two new approaches for increasing a mortar's resistance to sulfate attack. In internal curing, fine lightweight aggregates (LWAs) are pre-wetted to provide additional curing water to maximize cement hydration and enhance the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone. The concurrent reductions in connected porosity should contribute to a reduction in the transport rates of sulfate from the environment into the concrete, while the isolated pores present in the LWA may help to accommodate the formation of expansive degradation products, such as ettringite, without creating substantial stresses and subsequent cracking. In the second approach, previously verified for its efficacy to reduce chloride ingress, a viscosity modifier is added to the concrete mixture to increase the viscosity of the pore solution and thus slow down the ingress of sulfates from the environment. While each approach is observed to significantly reduce the measured expansion of mortar bars in standard ASTM C1012 testing, the best performance is observed when the two are combined together by pre-wetting the LWA with a 50:50 solution of the viscosity modifier in water. With the combined approach, the time for the mortar bars to reach a critical expansion level of 0.05 % was over 80 % longer than that measured for the control mortar specimens. The expansion measurements are supported by accompanying measurements of mortar bar mass and surface resistivity throughout their exposure to the sulfate solution, along with micro X-ray fluorescence imaging and X-ray microtomography analysis of specimens extracted from the mortar bars after 9 months of exposure to the sulfate solution. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Peltz, Max A.; Snyder, Kenneth A.] NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Davis, Jeffrey M.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), NIST, Engn Lab, Mat & Struct Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 EI 1871-6873 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD APR PY 2014 VL 47 IS 4 BP 581 EP 589 DI 10.1617/s11527-013-0081-x PG 9 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA AC7WA UT WOS:000332742400003 ER PT J AU Lee, VD Gibert, JM Ziegert, JC AF Lee, Vincent D. Gibert, James M. Ziegert, John C. TI Hybrid bi-directional flexure joint SO PRECISION ENGINEERING-JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES FOR PRECISION ENGINEERING AND NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Flexure; Precision instruments; Damping ID DESIGN AB Precision mechanisms that require repeatable and friction free motion utilize numerous types of flexural bearing joints. This manuscript expands the pool of existing flexure designs by presenting a type of two-degree of freedom (DOF) flexural joint, dubbed the hybrid bi-directional flexure joint (HBFJ), along with the evolution of its design, possible applications and experimental results for stiffness, range of motion, and vibration damping. The HBFJ has a dominant plane of deformation. However, unlike most of its traditional counterparts, the flexure can deflect in other planes. It contains an open, thin walled cavity as the base joint that can be filled with an elastomeric filler material. The filler limits axial deflection, while still permitting the mechanism to have bending deformations in and out of plane. Additionally, the elastomer provides vibration damping to the joint. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lee, Vincent D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gibert, James M.] Clarkson Univ, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Potsdam, NY USA. [Ziegert, John C.] UNC Charlotte, Dept Mech Engn, Charlotte, NC USA. RP Lee, VD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vinny.Lee@nist.gov; jgibert@clarkson.edu NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0141-6359 EI 1873-2372 J9 PRECIS ENG JI Precis. Eng.-J. Int. Soc. Precis. Eng. Nanotechnol. PD APR PY 2014 VL 38 IS 2 BP 270 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.precisioneng.2013.10.001 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA AC8VZ UT WOS:000332814500005 ER PT J AU James, KC Ebert, DA Natanson, LJ Cailliet, GM AF James, Kelsey C. Ebert, David A. Natanson, Lisa J. Cailliet, Gregor M. TI Age and growth characteristics of the Starry Skate, Raja stellulata, with a description of life history and habitat trends of the central California, U.S.A., skate assemblage SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Age; Growth; Skates; Elasmobranchs; Life history; Central California ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; CHONDRICHTHYAN FISHES; LEUCORAJA-ERINACEA; STATISTICAL-METHOD; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; BAND DEPOSITION; WESTERN GULF; VALIDATION; TEMPERATURE; METABOLISM AB Skates are prevalent in fisheries worldwide, but rarely are they identified to species. This is of conservation and management concern since skates exhibit a broad range of life history characteristics. The present study investigated the age and growth of the Starry Skate, Raja stellulata, and compared it to other regional skates inhabiting the U.S. West Coast. Age and growth parameters were determined using two vertebral preparation techniques: gross sectioning and histological sectioning. Gross section age estimates ranged from zero to 11 years and growth was described by the two parameter von Bertalanffy growth function (2 VBGF; L (a) = 915 mm total length (TL) and k = 0.13 year(-1); n = 189). Histological section age estimates ranged from zero to 15 years and growth was also described by the 2 VBGF (L (a) = 1092 mm TL, k = 0.06 year(-1); n = 68). Histological section results reflect a more conservative life history, specifically a lower von Bertalanffy growth coefficient, but had slightly biased results and a smaller sample size than the gross section results. An age and depth trend was found within the central California skate assemblage, in which habitat depth and maximum age were positively correlated. C1 [James, Kelsey C.; Ebert, David A.; Cailliet, Gregor M.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Shark Res Ctr, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP James, KC (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Shark Res Ctr, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM kelsey.c.james@gmail.com FU NOAA/NMFS National Shark Research Center; Pacific Shark Research Center; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust; National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA FX We thank the anonymous reviewers, Churchill Grimes, Don Pearson, John Field, E. J. Dick, and Alec McCall of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center Santa Cruz; Elizabeth Clark, Beth Horness, Aimee Keller, Dan Kamikawa, Keith Bosley, Victor Simon, and Erica Fruh from the Northwest Fisheries Science Center Fisheries Resources Analysis and Monitoring Division for sample collection. A special thanks to the members of the Pacific Shark Research Center at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories: Shaara Ainsley, Jenny Bigman, Joe Bizzarro, Mariah Boyle, Simon Brown, Diane Haas, Jenny Kemper, James Knuckey, Erin Loury, Jasmine Maurer, Wade Smith, and Megan Winton for sample collection, processing, and all around support. Animal care approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC # 801) at San Jose State University. Funding was provided by the NOAA/NMFS National Shark Research Center and the Pacific Shark Research Center, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation, the Earl and Ethel Myers Oceanographic and Marine Biology Trust, and in part by the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NOAA Grant no. NA04OAR4170038, project number R/F-199, through the California Sea Grant College Program and in part by the California State Resources Agency. NR 62 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD APR PY 2014 VL 97 IS 4 BP 435 EP 448 DI 10.1007/s10641-013-0164-0 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AB9XY UT WOS:000332150200009 ER PT J AU Nosrati, K Govers, G Semmens, BX Ward, EJ AF Nosrati, Kazem Govers, Gerard Semmens, Brice X. Ward, Eric J. TI A mixing model to incorporate uncertainty in sediment fingerprinting SO GEODERMA LA English DT Article DE Sediment source; Mixing model; Uncertainty; Bayesian-mixing model; Hiv catchment ID SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA; CATCHMENT; MANAGEMENT; TRACERS; IMPACT; YIELDS; BASIN; BED; UK AB Information on sediment sources is required for effective sediment control strategies, to understand nutrient and pollutant transport, and for developing soil erosion models. Uncertainty associated with sediment fingerprinting mixing models is often substantial, but this uncertainty has not yet been fully incorporated in these models. The main objectives of this study are to apply geochemical fingerprints to determine relative contributions of sediment sources and to develop a Bayesian-mixing model that estimates probability distributions of source contributions to a mixture associated with multiple sources for assessing the uncertainty estimation in sediment fingerprinting in the Hiv catchment, Iran. In this analysis, 28 tracers were measured in 42 different sampling sites from three sediment sources (rangeland, orchard and stream bank) and 12 sediment samples from reservoir check dams. Discriminant analysis provided an important data reduction as it identified four tracers, i.e. B, C, Sr and Tl, that afforded more than 97% correct assignations in discriminating between the sediment sources in the study area. Using a stable isotope mixing model, the median contribution from rangeland, orchard and stream bank sources was 20.8%, 11.2% and 68%, respectively. Sediment source fingerprinting was used to explore the uncertainty in the contributions of sediment from the three sources. Uncertainty is considerable, as the range of probable values was wide: 2-24% for rangeland, 1-26% for orchards and 66-83% for stream banks respectively. While these results can be useful as a scientific basis of sediment management and selecting the soil erosion control methods for decision makers of natural resources they also show that it may not always be possible to identify sediment sources with great precision. Consequently, uncertainty needs to be accounted for when evaluating different management options. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Nosrati, Kazem] Shahid Beheshti Univ, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Phys Geog, GC, Tehran 1983963113, Iran. [Govers, Gerard] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Geog Res Grp, BE-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Semmens, Brice X.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. [Ward, Eric J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Nosrati, K (reprint author), Shahid Beheshti Univ, Fac Earth Sci, Dept Phys Geog, GC, Tehran 1983963113, Iran. EM k_nosrati@sbu.ac.ir FU research council of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran FX This project was funded by a grant from the research council of Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. We acknowledge an anonymous reviewer who gave detailed suggestion during review. NR 41 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0016-7061 EI 1872-6259 J9 GEODERMA JI Geoderma PD APR PY 2014 VL 217 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.12.002 PG 8 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA AB0PY UT WOS:000331495800019 ER PT J AU Thomas, D Butry, D AF Thomas, Douglas S. Butry, David T. TI Areas of the U.S. wildland-urban interface threatened by wildfire during the 2001-2010 decade SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE Values threatened; Economics; Fire statistics; Wildfire ID ACTIVE FIRE PRODUCT; UNITED-STATES; MODIS; RISK AB The wildland-urban interface (WUI) is defined in terms of housing density and proximity to wildlands, yet its relevance seems to be only in conjunction with wildland fire threats. The objective of this paper is to (1) identify the WUI areas threatened from wildfire during the 2000's and (2) quantify the values that were threatened. We use 1 km fire detection data generated using MODIS satellite imagery over a 10-year period combined with population densities to identify threatened areas of the WUI. We then use data on structures, structure content, and population to identify the people and property threatened from identified fires within the WUI. We find that 6.3 % of the U.S. population (17.5 million) resided within these areas and that 2.1 % of the population lived in WUI areas where more than one fire has occurred. However, we find that only a third of the affected population was threatened during daytime hours, as most leave the threatened portion of the WUI during peak ignition hours. The threatened area comprised 4.1 % of the coterminous USA and 44.9 % of the WUI. Within these areas were 7.8 million residential, commercial, industrial, governmental, religious, and educational structures, with a building and building content value estimated at $1.9 trillion. Overall, 7.3 % of residential structures in the USA were found within the WUI with wildfire activity; however, for some states, this number was as high as 25.4 %. C1 [Thomas, Douglas S.; Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Appl Econ Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thomas, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Lab, Appl Econ Off, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM douglas.thomas@nist.gov; david.butry@nist.gov NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1561 EP 1585 DI 10.1007/s11069-013-0965-7 PG 25 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA AB8FJ UT WOS:000332025200016 ER PT J AU Harris, DG Sullivan, F Beichl, I AF Harris, David G. Sullivan, Francis Beichl, Isabel TI Fast Sequential Importance Sampling to Estimate the Graph Reliability Polynomial SO ALGORITHMICA LA English DT Article DE Reliability polynomial; Graph; Fully-polynomial relative approximation scheme; fpras; Network reliability; Sequential importance sampling; On-line algorithm; Incremental algorithm ID ALGORITHMS AB The reliability polynomial of a graph counts its connected subgraphs of various sizes. Algorithms based on sequential importance sampling (SIS) have been proposed to estimate a graph's reliability polynomial. We develop an improved SIS algorithm for estimating the reliability polynomial. The new algorithm runs in expected time O(mlogn alpha(m,n)) at worst and a parts per thousand m in practice, compared to I similar to(m (2)) for the previous algorithm. We analyze the error bounds of this algorithm, including comparison to alternative estimation algorithms. In addition to the theoretical analysis, we discuss methods for estimating the variance and describe experimental results on a variety of random graphs. C1 [Harris, David G.] US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. [Sullivan, Francis] IDA Ctr Comp Sci, Bowie, MD USA. [Beichl, Isabel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Harris, DG (reprint author), US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. EM davidgharris29@hotmail.com NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0178-4617 EI 1432-0541 J9 ALGORITHMICA JI Algorithmica PD APR PY 2014 VL 68 IS 4 BP 916 EP 939 DI 10.1007/s00453-012-9703-x PG 24 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA AB2TR UT WOS:000331645500005 ER PT J AU Kim, W Cao, CY Liang, SL AF Kim, Wonkook Cao, Changyong Liang, Shunlin TI Assessment of Radiometric Degradation of FY-3A MERSI Reflective Solar Bands Using TOA Reflectance of Pseudoinvariant Calibration Sites SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE FeungYun-3A (FY-3A); MEdium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI); pseudoinvariant calibration sites; vicarious calibration (VC) ID BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; SENSORS; MODELS AB Radiometric sensor calibration is critical for quantitative use of the data obtained from the FeungYun-3A MEdium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) sensor. To meet the required calibration criteria, several vicarious calibration (VC) techniques are being employed in the current operational calibration of MERSI. This letter presents the independent results of sensor degradation assessment which were obtained directly from sequences of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance from calibration sites. The absolute calibration approaches and the desert tracking approach used in the current operational process involve a radiative transfer model (RTM) when simulating the reference TOA reflectance. However, collecting synchronous in situ measurements for an RTM is usually expensive and time consuming, thus greatly limiting the frequency of such calibration processes. The direct approach developed in this study is an efficient and complementary VC technique that can increase the reliability of VC results in concert with other techniques. TOA reflectance measurements from three pseudoinvariant calibration sites are used to estimate sensor degradation rates. The results are compared with those obtained by other operational methods such as the multisite and the deep convective cloud tracking methods. The direct approach is consistent across the three calibration sites, producing degradation estimates comparable to those of the two other operational methods, suggesting the effectiveness of the direct approach for the MERSI radiometric sensor calibration. C1 [Kim, Wonkook; Liang, Shunlin] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kim, Wonkook] Korea Inst Ocean Sci & Technol, Korea Ocean Satellite Ctr, Ansan 426744, South Korea. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Kim, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wonkook@umd.edu; changyong.cao@noaa.gov; sliang@umd.edu RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; liang, shunlin/C-2809-2015 FU Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series calibration funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NNX09AN36G]; Research for applications of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) project; Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea FX This work was supported in part by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series calibration funds from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Award NNX09AN36G and in part by the Research for applications of Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) project funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries of Korea. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1545-598X EI 1558-0571 J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2014 VL 11 IS 4 BP 793 EP 797 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2279134 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AC0KP UT WOS:000332183500016 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Azizov, N. D. TI Experimental study of the density and derived volumetric (excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes) properties of aqueous 1-propanol mixtures at temperatures from 298K to 582K and pressures up to 40MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Apparent molar volumes; Aqueous solutions; Constant-volume piezometer; Density; Excess molar volumes; Partial molar volume; 1-Propanol; Water ID HEAT-CAPACITIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ORGANIC SOLUTES; 30 MPA; 573 K; WATER; ALCOHOLS; ELECTROLYTES; ALKANOLS; COMPRESSIBILITIES AB Densities of (water + 1-propanol) mixtures have been measured over the temperature range from 298 K to 582 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa using the constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat. The measurements were made for six compositions of (0.869, 2.465, 2.531, 7.407, 14.377, and 56.348) mol . kg(-1) of 1-propanol. The expanded uncertainty of the density, pressure, temperature, and concentration measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.06%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.015%, respectively. The derived volumetric properties such as excess (V-m(E)), apparent (V-Phi), and partial ((V) over bar (infinity)(2)) molar volumes were calculated using the measured values of density for the mixture and for pure components (water and 1-propanol). The concentration dependences of the apparent molar volumes were extrapolated to zero concentration to yield the partial molar volumes of 1-propanol at infinite dilution ((V) over bar (infinity)(2)). The temperature, pressure, and concentration dependence of density and derived properties of the mixture were studied. All experimental and derived properties (excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes) were compared with the reported data by other authors. The small and negative values of excess molar volume for the mixtures were found at all experimental temperatures, pressures, and over the entire concentration range. The excess molar volume minimum is found at concentration about 0.4 mole fraction of 1-propanol. The concentration minimum of the derived apparent molar volumes VU near the 2.5 mol . kg(-1) (dilute mixture) was observed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Azizov, N. D.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 22 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 EI 1096-3626 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD APR PY 2014 VL 71 BP 155 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2013.11.036 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 302BJ UT WOS:000330576000020 ER PT J AU Macneale, KH Spromberg, JA Baldwin, DH Scholz, NL AF Macneale, Kate H. Spromberg, Julann A. Baldwin, David H. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI A Modeled Comparison of Direct and Food Web-Mediated Impacts of Common Pesticides on Pacific Salmon SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY RESPONSE; ARTIFICIAL STREAM SYSTEM; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT; CERIODAPHNIA-DUBIA; POPULATION-LEVEL; HEADWATER STREAM; ATLANTIC SALMON; RISK-ASSESSMENT AB In the western United States, pesticides used in agricultural and urban areas are often detected in streams and rivers that support threatened and endangered Pacific salmon. Although concentrations are rarely high enough to cause direct salmon mortality, they can reach levels sufficient to impair juvenile feeding behavior and limit macroinvertebrate prey abundance. This raises the possibility of direct adverse effects on juvenile salmon health in tandem with indirect effects on salmon growth as a consequence of reduced prey abundance. We modeled the growth of ocean-type Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) at the individual and population scales, investigating insecticides that differ in how long they impair salmon feeding behavior and in how toxic they are to salmon compared to macroinvertebrates. The relative importance of these direct vs. indirect effects depends both on how quickly salmon can recover and on the relative toxicity of an insecticide to salmon and their prey. Model simulations indicate that when exposed to a long-acting organophosphate insecticide that is highly toxic to salmon and invertebrates (e. g., chlorpyrifos), the long-lasting effect on salmon feeding behavior drives the reduction in salmon population growth with reductions in prey abundance having little additional impact. When exposed to short-acting carbamate insecticides at concentrations that salmon recover from quickly but are lethal to invertebrates (e. g., carbaryl), the impacts on salmon populations are due primarily to reductions in their prey. For pesticides like carbaryl, prey sensitivity and how quickly the prey community can recover are particularly important in determining the magnitude of impact on their predators. In considering both indirect and direct effects, we develop a better understanding of potential impacts of a chemical stressor on an endangered species and identify data gaps (e.g., prey recovery rates) that contribute uncertainty to these assessments. C1 [Macneale, Kate H.; Spromberg, Julann A.; Baldwin, David H.; Scholz, Nathaniel L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Macneale, KH (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Kate.Macneale@gmail.com OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provided funding for the work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 57 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 8 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 31 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92436 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092436 PG 13 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AN8GP UT WOS:000340842300001 PM 24686837 ER PT J AU Castellote, M Clark, CW Lammers, MO AF Castellote, Manuel Clark, Christopher W. Lammers, Marc O. TI Dispersal of North Atlantic fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) into the Mediterranean Sea and exchange between populations: Response to Gimenez et al., Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2013, 27, 1801-1806 SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Letter ID CETACEANS C1 [Castellote, Manuel] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Psicobiol, UCM Grp Study Anim & Human Behav Gecah, Madrid 28223, Spain. [Castellote, Manuel] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Clark, Christopher W.] Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. [Lammers, Marc O.] Oceanwide Sci Inst, Honolulu, HI 96744 USA. RP Castellote, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand PointWay NE F-AKC3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM manuel.castellote@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 4 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 30 PY 2014 VL 28 IS 6 BP 665 EP 667 DI 10.1002/rcm.6819 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA AA3EQ UT WOS:000330976100012 PM 24519830 ER PT J AU Volkov, DL AF Volkov, Denis L. TI Do the North Atlantic winds drive the nonseasonal variability of the Arctic Ocean sea level? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; sea level; satellite altimetry; GRACE; North Atlantic; nonseasonal variability ID GRACE; PATTERNS; SYSTEM AB The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites have observed coherent and nearly uniform nonseasonal fluctuations of bottom pressure throughout the Arctic Ocean and the Nordic Seas. Strong correlation between the nonseasonal GRACE and satellite altimetry data is found in the Nordic and Barents Seas, which suggests a possibility of using the longer altimetry records in these areas as a proxy for the nonseasonal sea level variability over the entire Arctic. This study identifies the dominant pattern of the nonseasonal atmospheric pressure variability that drives strong zonal wind anomalies over the northeastern North Atlantic associated with the nonseasonal sea level anomalies in the Nordic Seas. Our results show that wind-driven northward Ekman transport anomalies in the northeastern North Atlantic may induce coherent changes of sea level across the entire Arctic Ocean. Key Points Nordic Seas sea level is largely mass related and coherent with Arctic sea level Nonseasonal sea level variability is related to northeast Atlantic winds Zonal wind drives northward Ekman transport and impacts Arctic sea level C1 [Volkov, Denis L.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. [Volkov, Denis L.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Volkov, DL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. EM Denis.Volkov@noaa.gov RI Volkov, Denis/A-6079-2011 OI Volkov, Denis/0000-0002-9290-0502 FU NASA MEASURES Program; NASA Physical Oceanography program [NNX11AE27G] FX The GRACE ocean data were processed by Don P. Chambers, supported by the NASA MEASURES Program (http://grace.jpl.nasa.gov). The SSH data were produced by Ssalto/Duacs and distributed by Aviso (www.aviso.oceanobs.com) with support from CNES. This research was funded by the NASA Physical Oceanography program (grant NNX11AE27G) and carried out at the NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. The author thanks Sang-Ki Lee, Elizabeth Johns, Cecilia Peralta-Ferriz, the Editor, and an anonymous reviewer for reviewing the paper and providing their comments and suggestions. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2041 EP 2047 DI 10.1002/2013GL059065 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AE8PX UT WOS:000334264900031 ER PT J AU Arab, A Jackson, MC Kongoli, C AF Arab, Ali Jackson, Monica C. Kongoli, Cezar TI Modelling the effects of weather and climate on malaria distributions in West Africa SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB Background: Malaria is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is currently conflicting data and interpretation on how variability in climate factors affects the incidence of malaria. This study presents a hierarchical Bayesian modelling framework for the analysis of malaria versus climate factors in West Africa. Methods: The hierarchical Bayesian framework takes into account spatiotemporal dependencies, and in this paper is applied to annual malaria and climate data from ten West African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Liberia, Mali, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo) during the period 1996-2006. Results: Results show a statistically significant correspondence between malaria rates and the climate variables considered. The two most important climate factors are found to be average annual temperature and total annual precipitation, and they show negative association with malaria incidence. Conclusions: This modelling framework provides a useful approach for studying the impact of climate variability on the spread of malaria and may help to resolve some conflicting interpretations in the literature. C1 [Arab, Ali] Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Jackson, Monica C.] Amer Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Kongoli, Cezar] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kongoli, Cezar] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. RP Arab, A (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM aa577@georgetown.edu FU Georgetown University FX We thank Professor Paul Roepe from Georgetown University, Department of Chemistry for encouragement and help on the topic. Arab's research was partially supported by a Georgetown University Junior Faculty Research Fellowship. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 19 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 13 AR 126 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-13-126 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA AF6EX UT WOS:000334808300004 PM 24678602 ER PT J AU Popescu, A Haney, PM AF Popescu, Adrian Haney, Paul M. TI Interface scattering in polycrystalline thermoelectrics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; LATTICE THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; PHONON TRANSPORT; BULK; RESISTANCE; SILICON; FIGURE; MERIT; NANOSTRUCTURES; COMPOSITES AB We study the effect of electron and phonon interface scattering on the thermoelectric properties of disordered, polycrystalline materials (with grain sizes larger than electron and phonons' mean free path). Interface scattering of electrons is treated with a Landauer approach, while that of phonons is treated with the diffuse mismatch model. The interface scattering is embedded within a diffusive model of bulk transport, and we show that, for randomly arranged interfaces, the overall system is well described by effective medium theory. Using bulk parameters similar to those of PbTe and a square barrier potential for the interface electron scattering, we identify the interface scattering parameters for which the figure of merit ZT is increased. We find the electronic scattering is generally detrimental due to a reduction in electrical conductivity; however, for sufficiently weak electronic interface scattering, ZT is enhanced due to phonon interface scattering. C1 [Popescu, Adrian; Haney, Paul M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Popescu, Adrian] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Popescu, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Popescu, Adrian/E-7305-2010 FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193] FX A.P. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 12 AR 123701 DI 10.1063/1.4869259 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AE3TP UT WOS:000333901100033 ER PT J AU Usselman, RJ Hill, I Singel, DJ Martino, CF AF Usselman, Robert J. Hill, Iain Singel, David J. Martino, Carlos F. TI Spin Biochemistry Modulates Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production by Radio Frequency Magnetic Fields SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PAIR MECHANISM; NADPH OXIDASES; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; MAGNETORECEPTION; SUPEROXIDE; ACTIVATION; BIOLOGY AB The effects of weak magnetic fields on the biological production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from intracellular superoxide (O-2(center dot-)) and extracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated in vitro with rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (rPASMC). A decrease in O-2(center dot-) and an increase in H2O2 concentrations were observed in the presence of a 7 MHz radio frequency (RF) at 10 mu T-RMS and static 45 mu T magnetic fields. We propose that O-2(center dot-) and H2O2 production in some metabolic processes occur through singlet-triplet modulation of semiquinone flavin (FADH(center dot)) enzymes and O-2(center dot-) spin-correlated radical pairs. Spin-radical pair products are modulated by the 7 MHz RF magnetic fields that presumably decouple flavin hyperfine interactions during spin coherence. RF flavin hyperfine decoupling results in an increase of H2O2 singlet state products, which creates cellular oxidative stress and acts as a secondary messenger that affects cellular proliferation. This study demonstrates the interplay between O-2(center dot-) and H2O2 production when influenced by RF magnetic fields and underscores the subtle effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on oxidative metabolism, ROS signaling, and cellular growth. C1 [Usselman, Robert J.] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Singel, David J.] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Hill, Iain; Martino, Carlos F.] Univ Nevada, Dept Mech Engn, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Usselman, RJ (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.usselman@gmail.com; cmartino@unr.edu RI Martino, Carlos/C-6597-2016 OI Martino, Carlos/0000-0002-0560-2604 FU United States government FX This work was partially supported by the United States government but is not protected by US copyright. No additional external funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 68 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 5 U2 32 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e93065 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0093065 PG 12 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0TC UT WOS:000333678100023 PM 24681944 ER PT J AU Gigault, J Zhang, W Lespes, G Charleux, B Grassl, B AF Gigault, Julien Zhang, Wenjing Lespes, Gaetane Charleux, Bernadette Grassl, Bruno TI Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation analysis of water suspensions of polymer nanofibers synthesized via RAFT-mediated emulsion polymerization SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Controlled/living radical polymerization; Asymmetric flow field flow fractionation; Nanofiber; Length; Aggregation ID DYNAMIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; AMPHIPHILIC BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DILUTE-SOLUTION; NANO-OBJECTS; MICELLES; SEPARATION; PARTICLES; DISPERSION AB The aim of this work is to present a method based on asymmetric flow-field-flow-fractionation coupled on-line to a static light scattering (AF4-UV-SLS) detector to characterize self-assembled nanofibers (NFs). The method developed herein allows the determination of both the length distribution of the NFs as well as the distribution in terms of aggregation number per unit length (A(gg)). Given the remaining synthetic challenges of better controlling the structural homogeneity and particle dimensions, the NF length and aggregation number per unit length are becoming essential for the improvement and control of their chemical processes and a better understanding of their properties. The results obtained with this AF4-UV-SLS method indicate that a well-resolved NF length distribution characterization and Agg determination were attained. These results provide critical information concerning the physical properties of the investigated NFs and open the door to the characterization of new self-assembled polymers with various asymmetrical architectures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lespes, Gaetane; Grassl, Bruno] UPPA, CNRS Technopole Helioparc, UMR IPREM UPPA 5254, Lab Chim Anal BioInorgan & Environm, F-64053 Pau, France. [Zhang, Wenjing; Charleux, Bernadette] Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, CPE Lyon, UMR 5265, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France. [Gigault, Julien] NIST, Mat Measurement Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grassl, B (reprint author), UPPA, CNRS Technopole Helioparc, UMR IPREM UPPA 5254, Lab Chim Anal BioInorgan & Environm, Av President Angot, F-64053 Pau, France. EM bruno.grassl@univ-pau.fr OI Grassl, Bruno/0000-0002-1554-1411 NR 52 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 7 U2 46 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 EI 1873-4324 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAR 28 PY 2014 VL 819 BP 116 EP 121 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.011 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA AD1BJ UT WOS:000332968500015 PM 24636419 ER PT J AU Clark, CR Chou, CW Ellis, AR Hunker, J Kemme, SA Maunz, P Tabakov, B Tigges, C Stick, DL AF Clark, Craig R. Chou, Chin-wen Ellis, A. R. Hunker, Jeff Kemme, Shanalyn A. Maunz, Peter Tabakov, Boyan Tigges, Chris Stick, Daniel L. TI Characterization of Fluorescence Collection Optics Integrated with a Microfabricated Surface Electrode Ion Trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED LA English DT Article AB We demonstrate and characterize a scalable optical subsystem for detecting ion qubit states in a surface electrode ion trap. An array of lithographically fabricated diffractive lenses located below the plane of the trap images ions at multiple locations, relaying the collected light out of the vacuum chamber through multimode fibers. The lenses are designed with solid angle collection efficiencies of 3.58%; with all losses included, a detection efficiency of 0.388% is measured. We measure a minimal effect of the dielectric optical substrate on the temporal variation of stray electric fields and the motional heating rate of the ion. C1 [Clark, Craig R.; Ellis, A. R.; Hunker, Jeff; Kemme, Shanalyn A.; Maunz, Peter; Tabakov, Boyan; Tigges, Chris; Stick, Daniel L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Tabakov, Boyan; Stick, Daniel L.] Univ New Mexico, Ctr Quantum Informat & Control, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. [Chou, Chin-wen] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Clark, CR (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. FU Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA); U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC04-94AL85000] FX We acknowledge and thank Robert Boye for many helpful discussions and M. G. Blain, Joel Wendt, Sally Samora, and the entire fabrication team for providing us with the trap and optics. We also thank Greg Brady for the optical design. This work was supported by the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA). Sandia National Laboratories is a multiprogram laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under Contract No. DE-AC04-94AL85000. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2331-7019 J9 PHYS REV APPL JI Phys. Rev. Appl. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 1 IS 2 AR 024004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.1.024004 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AS5QN UT WOS:000344325000005 ER PT J AU Mazur, V Ruhnke, LH AF Mazur, Vladislav Ruhnke, Lothar H. TI The physical processes of current cutoff in lightning leaders SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELDS; AIR; CHANNEL; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; COLUMN AB Current cutoff in lightning channels, which takes place in the development of both intracloud and cloud-to-ground flashes, is still poorly understood. A new evaluation of the conditions leading to current cutoff, and also of the two existing hypotheses of the cutoff mechanism, is the main objective of the paper. We reviewed the literature with results of measurements and modeling of free-burning arcs in a laboratory (the closest analogs of lightning leaders) focusing on the relationship between the internal electric field and current. This relationship governs the leader's behavior in the current cutoff. In our analysis of the mechanisms leading to current cutoff, we identify the two types of current cutoff in lightning channels: the current cutoff in a single, unbranched leader channel, which occurs as the result of reaching the threshold conditions for leader propagation; and the current cutoff in branched leaders, when screening by the leader branches alters the ambient electrical environment, thus diminishing the leader current and causing cutoff at a branching point or at the base of the straight channel that preceded branching. We advance the electrostatic model of the screening effect of branching on current cutoff, introduced by Mazur and Ruhnke (1993), and we provide the evidence of this mechanism from lightning observations. We also critically evaluate the concept of lightning-channel instability, proposed by Heckman (1992), as a suggested mechanism leading to current cutoff. We show that the fundamentals of this concept and therefore the concept in its entirety are invalid. C1 [Mazur, Vladislav] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Ruhnke, Lothar H.] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Mazur, V (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM vlad.mazur@noaa.gov FU FAA grant FX The authors acknowledge partial support of this work from an FAA grant to the National Severe Storms Laboratory and are grateful, as always, to Marijo Hennagin-Mazur for her invaluable help with the editing of this paper. NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 2796 EP 2810 DI 10.1002/2013JD020494 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600007 ER PT J AU Fong, WC Lu, X Chu, XZ Fuller-Rowell, TJ Yu, ZB Roberts, BR Chen, C Gardner, CS McDonald, AJ AF Fong, Weichun Lu, Xian Chu, Xinzhao Fuller-Rowell, Tim J. Yu, Zhibin Roberts, Brendan R. Chen, Cao Gardner, Chester S. McDonald, Adrian J. TI Winter temperature tides from 30 to 110 km at McMurdo (77.8 degrees S, 166.7 degrees E), Antarctica: Lidar observations and comparisons with WAM SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WAVE MOMENTUM FLUX; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; SEMIDIURNAL TIDE; SOUTH-POLE; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; 12-HOUR OSCILLATION; MESOPAUSE REGION; UPPER-ATMOSPHERE; PLANETARY-WAVES AB We provide the first characterization of diurnal and semidiurnal thermal tides in temperature from 30 to 110 km in the winter season (May through August) at McMurdo (77.8 degrees S, 166.7 degrees E), Antarctica. The observations were made with an Fe Boltzmann temperature lidar in 2011 and 2012. Over 330 h of winter data are compiled into a composite day of temperature perturbations that significantly reduce the incoherent wave effects while preserving the coherent tidal signatures. Both diurnal and semidiurnal tides have small amplitudes (less than 3 K) below 100 km with vertical wavelengths of similar to 29 and similar to 23 km, respectively. A new finding of this study is the fast growth of diurnal and semidiurnal tidal amplitudes above 100 km to at least 15 K near 110 km, exceeding that of the freely propagating tides originating from the lower atmosphere. Such fast growth exists for all Kp index cases and diurnal amplitude increases to 15-30 K at 110 km with larger Kp indices corresponding to larger tidal amplitudes and faster growth rates. The slopes of diurnal tidal phases become steeper above 100 km, and the tidal phases barely change with altitude from 100 to 106 km. The tidal growth behavior is reproduced in the Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) with phases comparable to the observations but magnitudes significantly underestimated. WAM compares reasonably well with the observations below 100 km. The observed significant amplitude increases and phase structure changes suggest additional tidal sources near or above 100 km, which deserve future investigation. C1 [Fong, Weichun; Lu, Xian; Chu, Xinzhao; Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.; Yu, Zhibin; Roberts, Brendan R.; Chen, Cao] Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fong, Weichun; Chu, Xinzhao; Yu, Zhibin; Roberts, Brendan R.; Chen, Cao] Univ Colorado Boulder, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Fuller-Rowell, Tim J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Gardner, Chester S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL USA. [McDonald, Adrian J.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Chu, XZ (reprint author), Univ Colorado Boulder, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Weichun.Fong@colorado.edu; Xinzhao.Chu@colorado.edu RI Lu, Xian/A-2980-2015; Chu, Xinzhao/I-5670-2015; Chen, Cao /D-9851-2016 OI Lu, Xian/0000-0002-2535-8151; Chu, Xinzhao/0000-0001-6147-1963; Chen, Cao /0000-0002-7780-2787 FU NSF [ANT-0839091, PLR-1246405]; CIRES FX We sincerely acknowledge Wentao Huang, John A. Smith, and Zhangjun Wang for their contributions to the McMurdo lidar campaign. We are indebted to Jeffery M. Forbes for his invaluable advice. We are grateful to Wenbin Wang and Elsayed Talaat for their inspirational suggestions. We also appreciate Fei Wu and Rashid A. Akmaev for running and preparing WAM data. We thank the staff of the United States Antarctic Program, McMurdo Station, Antarctica New Zealand, and Scott Base for their support. We offer special thanks to Vladimir Papitashvili for his encouragement and help in this research. The lidar project was supported by NSF grants ANT-0839091 and PLR-1246405. X. L. sincerely acknowledges the generous support of the CIRES Visiting Fellows Program (http://cires.colorado.edu/collaboration/fellowships/). MERRA data used in this study were provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through the NASA GES DISC online archive. NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 2846 EP 2863 DI 10.1002/2013JD020784 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600010 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Ek, MB Peters-Lidard, CD Mocko, D Svoboda, M Sheffield, J Wood, EF AF Xia, Youlong Ek, Michael B. Peters-Lidard, Christa D. Mocko, David Svoboda, Mark Sheffield, Justin Wood, Eric F. TI Application of USDM statistics in NLDAS-2: Optimal blended NLDAS drought index over the continental United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION; 20TH-CENTURY DROUGHT; SEVERITY INDEX; MODEL; INVERSION; MONITOR AB This study performs three experiments to calibrate the drought area percentages in the continental United States (CONUS), six U. S. Drought Monitor (USDM) regions, and 48 states downloaded from the USDM archive website. The corresponding three experiments are named CONUS, Region, and State, respectively. The data sets used in these experiments are from the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS-2). The main purpose is to develop an automated USDM-based approach to objectively generate and reconstruct USDM-style drought maps using NLDAS-2 data by mimicking 10 year (2000-2009) USDM statistics. The results show that State and Region have larger correlation coefficients and smaller root-mean-square error (RMSE) and bias than CONUS when compared to the drought area percentages derived from the USDM, indicating that State and Region perform better than CONUS. In general, State marginally outperforms Region in terms of RMSE, bias, and correlation. Analysis of normalized optimal weight coefficients shows that soil moisture percentiles (top 1m and total column) play the dominant role in most of the 48 states. The optimal blended NLDAS drought index (OBNDI) has higher simulation skills (correlation coefficient and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency) in the South, Southeast, High Plains, and Midwest regions when compared to those in the West and Northeast. The highest simulation skills appear in TX and OK. By using optimal equations, we can reconstruct the long-term drought area percentages and OBNDI over the continental United States for the entire period of the NLDAS-2 data sets (January 1979 to present). C1 [Xia, Youlong; Ek, Michael B.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. [Xia, Youlong] NCEP, EMC, IMSG, College Pk, MD USA. [Peters-Lidard, Christa D.; Mocko, David] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hydrol Sci Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Mocko, David] SAIC, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Svoboda, Mark] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Sheffield, Justin; Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Environm & Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. EM Youlong.Xia@noaa.gov RI Peters-Lidard, Christa/E-1429-2012 OI Peters-Lidard, Christa/0000-0003-1255-2876 FU Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program within NOAA's Climate Program Office FX The NLDAS project is sponsored by the Modeling, Analysis, Predictions, and Projections (MAPP) Program within NOAA's Climate Program Office. The authors thank Weizheng Zhen, Helin Wei, and three anonymous reviewers whose edits and comments greatly improved the quality and readability of this manuscript. Y.X. also thanks Kingtse Mo from Climate Prediction Center who helped compute spi3 and spi6. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 2947 EP 2965 DI 10.1002/2013JD020994 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600015 ER PT J AU Komurcu, M Storelvmo, T Tan, I Lohmann, U Yun, YX Penner, JE Wang, Y Liu, XH Takemura, T AF Komurcu, Muge Storelvmo, Trude Tan, Ivy Lohmann, Ulrike Yun, Yuxing Penner, Joyce E. Wang, Yong Liu, Xiaohong Takemura, Toshihiko TI Intercomparison of the cloud water phase among global climate models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; AEROSOL PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; VERSION-3 CAM3; SATELLITE DATA; MICROPHYSICS; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION AB Mixed-phase clouds (clouds that consist of both cloud droplets and ice crystals) are frequently present in the Earth's atmosphere and influence the Earth's energy budget through their radiative properties, which are highly dependent on the cloud water phase. In this study, the phase partitioning of cloud water is compared among six global climate models (GCMs) and with Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization retrievals. It is found that the GCMs predict vastly different distributions of cloud phase for a given temperature, and none of them are capable of reproducing the spatial distribution or magnitude of the observed phase partitioning. While some GCMs produced liquid water paths comparable to satellite observations, they all failed to preserve sufficient liquid water at mixed-phase cloud temperatures. Our results suggest that validating GCMs using only the vertically integrated water contents could lead to amplified differences in cloud radiative feedback. The sensitivity of the simulated cloud phase in GCMs to the choice of heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterization is also investigated. The response to a change in ice nucleation is quite different for each GCM, and the implementation of the same ice nucleation parameterization in all models does not reduce the spread in simulated phase among GCMs. The results suggest that processes subsequent to ice nucleation are at least as important in determining phase and should be the focus of future studies aimed at understanding and reducing differences among the models. C1 [Komurcu, Muge; Storelvmo, Trude; Tan, Ivy] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Lohmann, Ulrike] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Yun, Yuxing; Penner, Joyce E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yun, Yuxing] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wang, Yong; Liu, Xiaohong] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Wang, Yong; Liu, Xiaohong] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Takemura, Toshihiko] Kyushu Univ, Res Inst Appl Mech, Fukuoka 812, Japan. RP Komurcu, M (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM mugekomurcu@gmail.com RI Liu, Xiaohong/E-9304-2011; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; OI Liu, Xiaohong/0000-0002-3994-5955; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Komurcu, Muge/0000-0001-5313-2785 FU DOE's Office of Science/Biological and Environmental Research, through Earth System Modeling Program; DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC06-76RLO 1830]; Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers of the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan [GR079]; BACCHUS EU FP7-603445 project FX M. Komurcu would like to acknowledge David M. Winker, Steven Platnick, and Robert Pincus for treasured discussions regarding the uncertainties in satellite retrievals and Eugene E. Clothiaux and Jerry Y. Harrington for providing valuable comments on the influence of crystal habit in retrieval algorithms. This work was supported in part by the facilities and staff of the Yale University Faculty of Arts and Sciences High Performance Computing Center. X. Liu and Y. Wang thank the support by the DOE's Office of Science/Biological and Environmental Research, through Earth System Modeling Program. PNNL is operated for DOE by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830. T. Takemura is supported by the Funding Program for Next Generation World-Leading Researchers of the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan (GR079). U. Lohmann would like to acknowledge support from the BACCHUS EU FP7-603445 project. We also would like to thank the anonymous reviewers, whose valuable comments helped to clarify and improve the paper. Satellite retrievals used in this study and described in section 2 are available online. CALIOP retrievals can be downloaded from https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/order-data. NCEP Reanalysis-2 products are available online at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis2.pressure .html. MODIS LWP and IWP data products are available online at http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/data/search.html. CloudSat IWP products are available online at http://www.cloudsat.cira.colostate.edu. ISCCP LWPand IWP products are available online from different providers listed in the project description website: http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/products/obtaining.html NR 82 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3372 EP 3400 DI 10.1002/2013JD021119 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600040 ER PT J AU Zhang, HF Chen, BZ van der Laan-Luijkx, IT Chen, J Xu, G Yan, JW Zhou, LX Fukuyama, Y Tans, PP Peters, W AF Zhang, H. F. Chen, B. Z. van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T. Chen, J. Xu, G. Yan, J. W. Zhou, L. X. Fukuyama, Y. Tans, P. P. Peters, W. TI Net terrestrial CO2 exchange over China during 2001-2010 estimated with an ensemble data assimilation system for atmospheric CO2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; FLUX INVERSION; NORTH-AMERICA; ECOSYSTEMS; SINKS; TRANSPORT; SURFACE; TEMPERATURE; FORESTS; TRENDS AB In this paper we present an estimate of net ecosystem CO2 exchange over China for the years 2001-2010 using the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation System for CO2 (CTDAS). Additional Chinese and Asian CO2 observations are used in CTDAS to improve our estimate. We found that the combined terrestrial ecosystems in China absorbed about -0.33 Pg C yr(-1) during 2001-2010. The uncertainty on Chinese terrestrial carbon exchange estimates as derived from a set of sensitivity experiments suggests a range of -0.29 to -0.64 Pg C yr(-1). This total Chinese terrestrial CO2 sink is attributed to the three major biomes (forests, croplands, and grass/shrublands) with estimated CO2 fluxes of -0.12 Pg C yr(-1) (range from -0.09 to -0.19 Pg C yr(-1)), -0.12 Pg C yr(-1) (range from -0.09 to -0.26 Pg C yr(-1)), and -0.09 Pg C yr(-1) (range from -0.09 to -0.17 Pg C yr(-1)), respectively. The peak-to-peak amplitude of interannual variability of the Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon flux is 0.21 Pg C yr(-1) (similar to 64% of mean annual average), with the smallest CO2 sink (-0.19 Pg C yr(-1)) in 2003 and the largest CO2 sink (-0.40 Pg C yr(-1)) in 2007. We stress that our estimate of terrestrial ecosystem CO2 uptake based on inverse modeling strongly depends on a limited number of atmospheric CO2 observations used. More observations in China specifically and in Asia in general are needed to improve the accuracy of terrestrial carbon budgeting for this region. C1 [Zhang, H. F.; Chen, B. Z.; Chen, J.; Xu, G.; Yan, J. W.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Zhang, H. F.; Xu, G.; Yan, J. W.] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China. [van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T.; Peters, W.] Wageningen Univ, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6700 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. [Zhou, L. X.] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Res Inst Atmospher Composit, China Meteorol Adm, Key Lab Atmospher Chem, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Fukuyama, Y.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Div Atmospher Environm, Tokyo, Japan. [Tans, P. P.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Peters, W.] Univ Groningen, Ctr Isotope Res, Groningen, Netherlands. RP Chen, BZ (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, State Key Lab Resources & Environm Informat Syst, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM baozhang.chen@igsnrr.ac.cn; chenjinn@hotmail.com RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/G-9169-2011 OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; van der Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid/0000-0002-3990-6737 FU Strategic Priority Research Program "Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05040403]; National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2013AA122002]; National Science Foundation of China [41071059, 41271116]; Research Plan of LREIS, CAS [O88RA900KA]; Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS [2012ZD010]; Chinese Academy of Sciences; NWO VIDI grant [864.08.012]; China Exchange Program project [12CDP006]; European Union [283080] FX The data for this paper are available at (http://www.carbontracker.net/) (under construction) or you can contact baozhang.chen@igsnrr.ac.cn for the data FTP access. We kindly acknowledge all atmospheric data providers to the ObsPack version 1.0.2, including the NOAA Cooperative Air Sampling network and those that contribute their data to WDCGG. This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program "Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant XDA05040403), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (grant 2013AA122002), the research grants (41071059 and 41271116) funded by the National Science Foundation of China, a Research Plan of LREIS (O88RA900KA), CAS, a research grant (2012ZD010) of Key Project for the Strategic Science Plan in IGSNRR, CAS, and "One Hundred Talents" program funded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences. W. Peters was supported by an NWO VIDI grant (864.08.012) and the Chinese-Dutch collaboration was funded by the China Exchange Program project (12CDP006). I. T. van der Laan-Luijkx has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 283080, project GEOCARBON. NR 75 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3500 EP 3515 DI 10.1002/2013JD021297 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600047 ER PT J AU Kelly, JT Baker, KR Nowak, JB Murphy, JG Markovic, MZ VandenBoer, TC Ellis, RA Neuman, JA Weber, RJ Roberts, JM Veres, PR de Gouw, JA Beaver, MR Newman, S Misenis, C AF Kelly, James T. Baker, Kirk R. Nowak, John B. Murphy, Jennifer G. Markovic, Milos Z. VandenBoer, Trevor C. Ellis, Raluca A. Neuman, J. Andrew Weber, Rodney J. Roberts, James M. Veres, Patrick R. de Gouw, Joost A. Beaver, Melinda R. Newman, Sally Misenis, Chris TI Fine-scale simulation of ammonium and nitrate over the South Coast Air Basin and San Joaquin Valley of California during CalNex-2010 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LOS-ANGELES BASIN; UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC AMMONIA; BOUNDARY-LAYER; PARTICLE-SIZE; MODEL; AEROSOL; QUALITY; SURFACE AB National ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) have been set for PM2.5 due to its association with adverse health effects. PM2.5 design values in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and San Joaquin Valley of California exceed NAAQS levels, and NH4+ and NO3- make up the largest fraction of total PM2.5 mass on polluted days. Here we evaluate fine-scale simulations of PM2.5 NH4+ and NO3- with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model using measurements from routine networks and the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change 2010 campaign. The model correctly simulates broad spatial patterns of NH4+ and NO3- including the elevated concentrations in eastern SoCAB. However, areas for model improvement have been identified. NH3 emissions from livestock and dairy facilities appear to be too low, while those related to waste disposal in western SoCAB may be too high. Analyses using measurements from flights over SoCAB suggest that problems with NH3 predictions can influence NO3- predictions there. Offline ISORROPIA II calculations suggest that overpredictions of NHx in Pasadena cause excessive partitioning of total nitrate to the particle phase overnight, while underpredictions of Na+ cause too much partitioning to the gas phase during the day. Also, the model seems to underestimate mixing during the evening boundary layer transition leading to excessive nitrate formation on some nights. Overall, the analyses demonstrate fine-scale variations in model performance within and across the air basins. Improvements in inventories and spatial allocations of NH3 emissions and in parameterizations of sea spray emissions, evening mixing processes, and heterogeneous ClNO2 chemistry could improve model performance. C1 [Kelly, James T.; Baker, Kirk R.; Misenis, Chris] US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Veres, Patrick R.; de Gouw, Joost A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nowak, John B.; Neuman, J. Andrew; Roberts, James M.; Veres, Patrick R.; de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Murphy, Jennifer G.; Markovic, Milos Z.; VandenBoer, Trevor C.; Ellis, Raluca A.] Univ Toronto, Dept Chem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada. [Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Beaver, Melinda R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Newman, Sally] CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Kelly, JT (reprint author), US EPA, Off Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM kelly.james@epa.gov RI Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Murphy, Jennifer/C-2367-2011; Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Kelly, James/F-8135-2010; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Veres, Patrick/E-7441-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; VandenBoer, Trevor/F-1032-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Kelly, James/0000-0001-6574-5714; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Veres, Patrick/0000-0001-7539-353X; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; VandenBoer, Trevor/0000-0001-8926-4237; NR 57 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 6 BP 3600 EP 3614 DI 10.1002/2013JD021290 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AH3SV UT WOS:000336046600052 ER PT J AU Erlkamp, M Grobelny, S Faraone, A Czeslik, C Winter, R AF Erlkamp, Mirko Grobelny, Sebastian Faraone, Antonio Czeslik, Claus Winter, Roland TI Solvent Effects on the Dynamics of Amyloidogenic Insulin Revealed by Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID AGGREGATION PATHWAYS; FIBRIL FORMATION; SCATTERING; BETA; KINETICS; NUCLEUS; DISEASE; PH AB Insulin is well known to self-associate under specific solvent conditions. At low pH values, in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) and at elevated temperatures, insulin readily aggregates and forms amyloid fibrils. Without NaCl, but in the presence of ethanol, the lag time of this temperature-induced aggregation is increased drastically. In this study, we have analyzed the dynamical properties of bovine insulin under these two solvent conditions by using neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy. In addition, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence experiments were carried out to track the concomitant structural changes of insulin. Measurements have mainly been performed at 318 K, where amyloid fibrils are formed over 25 h, when the insulin solution contains 100 mmol L-1 of NaCl at pD = 2.4. In contrast, no amyloid fibrils are formed during 25 h at 318 K, when the insulin solution contains ethanol with a volume fraction of 20% at pD = 2.4. Remarkably, the NSE data reveal distinct dynamic signatures of insulin depending on the chosen solvent conditions. Collective diffusion of insulin molecules can be inferred from an increased diffusion coefficient at low wave vector transfers in the nonfibrillating sample, whereas self-diffusion is observed in the other case. The SAXS data confirm these dynamic behaviors because a pronounced correlation peak is only observed under conditions of collective diffusion. The dynamic responses of insulin, as revealed here by NSE spectroscopy, are in agreement with intermolecular interaction potentials derived recently from measurements of the static structure factors of insulin and lysozyme. C1 [Erlkamp, Mirko; Grobelny, Sebastian; Czeslik, Claus; Winter, Roland] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. [Faraone, Antonio] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Faraone, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Czeslik, C (reprint author), TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, D-44221 Dortmund, Germany. EM claus.czeslik@uni-dortmund.de OI Winter, Roland/0000-0002-3512-6928 FU Cluster of Excellence RESOLV [EXC 1069]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); NRW-Forschungsschule "Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung in den Nano- und Biowissenschaften" FX Financial support from the Cluster of Excellence RESOLV (EXC 1069) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the NRW-Forschungsschule "Forschung mit Synchrotronstrahlung in den Nano- und Biowissenschaften" are gratefully acknowledged. NR 36 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 12 BP 3310 EP 3316 DI 10.1021/jp500530h PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD9IG UT WOS:000333578000007 PM 24611749 ER PT J AU Frisch, A Mark, M Aikawa, K Ferlaino, F Bohn, JL Makrides, C Petrov, A Kotochigova, S AF Frisch, Albert Mark, Michael Aikawa, Kiyotaka Ferlaino, Francesca Bohn, John L. Makrides, Constantinos Petrov, Alexander Kotochigova, Svetlana TI Quantum chaos in ultracold collisions of gas-phase erbium atoms SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; RANDOM MATRICES; ENERGY-LEVELS; PHYSICS; SPECTRUM AB Atomic and molecular samples reduced to temperatures below one microkelvin, yet still in the gas phase, afford unprecedented energy resolution in probing and manipulating the interactions between their constituent particles. As a result of this resolution, atoms can be made to scatter resonantly on demand, through the precise control of a magnetic field(1). For simple atoms, such as alkalis, scattering resonances are extremely well characterized(2). However, ultracold physics is now poised to enter a new regime, where much more complex species can be cooled and studied, including magnetic lanthanide atoms and even molecules. For molecules, it has been speculated(3,4) that a dense set of resonances in ultracold collision cross-sections will probably exhibit essentially random fluctuations, much as the observed energy spectra of nuclear scattering do(5). According to the Bohigas-Giannoni-Schmit conjecture, such fluctuations would imply chaotic dynamics of the underlying classical motion driving the collision(6-8). This would necessitate new ways of looking at the fundamental interactions in ultracold atomic and molecular systems, as well as perhaps new chaos-driven states of ultracold matter. Here we describe the experimental demonstration that random spectra are indeed found at ultralow temperatures. In the experiment, an ultracold gas of erbium atoms is shown to exhibit many Fano-Feshbach resonances, of the order of three per gauss for bosons. Analysis of their statistics verifies that their distribution of nearest-neighbour spacings is what one would expect from random matrix theory(9). The density and statistics of these resonances are explained by fully quantum mechanical scattering calculations that locate their origin in the anisotropy of the atoms' potential energy surface. Our results therefore reveal chaotic behaviour in the native interaction between ultracold atoms. C1 [Frisch, Albert; Mark, Michael; Aikawa, Kiyotaka; Ferlaino, Francesca] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Bohn, John L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bohn, John L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Makrides, Constantinos; Petrov, Alexander; Kotochigova, Svetlana] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Petrov, Alexander] St Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. [Petrov, Alexander] St Petersburg State Univ, Div Quantum Mech, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Ferlaino, F (reprint author), Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM francesca.ferlaino@uibk.ac.at RI Ferlaino, francesca/E-6726-2012; Petrov, Alexander/I-7865-2013; Aikawa, Kiyotaka/D-4896-2016 OI Petrov, Alexander/0000-0003-1342-3160; FU ARO MURI; Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through a START grant [Y479-N20]; European Research Council [259435]; Lise-Meitner program of the FWF; AFOSR; NSF [PHY-1308573] FX The Innsbruck group thanks R. Grimm for discussions and S. Baier, C. Ravensbergen and M. Brownnutt for reading the manuscript. S. K. and A. P. thank E. Tiesinga for discussions. J.L.B. is supported by an ARO MURI. The Innsbruck team is supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) through a START grant under project no. Y479-N20 and by the European Research Council under project no. 259435. K.A. is supported within the Lise-Meitner program of the FWF. Research at Temple University is supported by AFOSR and NSF PHY-1308573. NR 34 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 32 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 507 IS 7493 BP 475 EP + DI 10.1038/nature13137 PG 14 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6WN UT WOS:000333402000035 PM 24670766 ER PT J AU Berk, NF AF Berk, N. F. TI Determination of the effective transverse coherence of the neutron wave packet as employed in reflectivity investigations of condensed-matter structures. II. Analysis of elastic scattering using energy-gated wave packets with an application to neutron reflection from ruled gratings SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION AB We present a general approach to analyzing elastic scattering for those situations where the incident beam is prepared as an incoherent ensemble of wave packets of a given arbitrary shape. Although wave packets, in general, are not stationary solutions of the Schrodinger equation, the analysis of elastic scattering data treats the scattering as a stationary-state problem. We thus must gate the wave packet, coherently distorting its shape in a manner consistent with the elastic condition. The resulting gated scattering amplitudes (e. g., reflection coefficients) thus are weighted coherent sums of the constituent plane- wave scattering amplitudes, with the weights determined by the shape of the incident wave packet as "filtered" by energy gating. We develop the gating formalism in general and apply it to the problem of neutron scattering from ruled gratings described by Majkrzak et al. in a companion paper. The required exact solution of the associated problem of plane- wave reflection from gratings also is derived. C1 [Berk, N. F.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Berk, N. F.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Berk, NF (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Scattering, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 AR 033852 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033852 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE0HY UT WOS:000333645800006 ER PT J AU Majkrzak, CF Metting, C Maranville, BB Dura, JA Satija, S Udovic, T Berk, NF AF Majkrzak, Charles F. Metting, Christopher Maranville, Brian B. Dura, Joseph A. Satija, Sushil Udovic, Terrence Berk, Norman F. TI Determination of the effective transverse coherence of the neutron wave packet as employed in reflectivity investigations of condensed-matter structures. I. Measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; TOTAL EXTERNAL REFLECTION; GRAZING-INCIDENCE; TRUNCATION RODS; SCATTERING; REFLECTOMETRY; SURFACES AB The primary purpose of this investigation is to determine the effective coherent extent of the neutron wave packet transverse to its mean propagation vector k when it is prepared in a typical instrument used to study the structure of materials in thin film form via specular reflection. There are two principal reasons for doing so. One has to do with the fundamental physical interest in the characteristics of a free neutron as a quantum object, while the other is of a more practical nature, relating to the understanding of how to interpret elastic scattering data when the neutron is employed as a probe of condensed-matter structure on an atomic or nanometer scale. Knowing such a basic physical characteristic as the neutron's effective transverse coherence can dictate how to properly analyze specular reflectivity data obtained for material film structures possessing some amount of in-plane inhomogeneity. In this study we describe a means of measuring the effective transverse coherence length of the neutron wave packet by specular reflection from a series of diffraction gratings of different spacings. Complementary nonspecular measurements of the widths of grating reflections were also performed, which corroborate the specular results. (This paper principally describes measurements interpreted according to the theoretical picture presented in a companion paper.) Each grating was fabricated by lift-off photolithography patterning of a nickel film (approximately 1000 A thick) formed by physical vapor deposition on a flat silicon crystal surface. The grating periods ranged from 10 mu m (5 mu m Ni stripe, 5 mu m intervening space) to several hundred microns. The transverse coherence length, modeled as the width of the wave packet, was determined from an analysis of the specular reflectivity curves of the set of gratings. C1 [Majkrzak, Charles F.; Metting, Christopher; Maranville, Brian B.; Dura, Joseph A.; Satija, Sushil; Udovic, Terrence; Berk, Norman F.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Majkrzak, CF (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charles.majkrzak@nist.gov RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 27 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 AR 033851 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033851 PG 22 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AE0HY UT WOS:000333645800005 ER PT J AU Allman, MS Whittaker, JD Castellanos-Beltran, M Cicak, K da Silva, F DeFeo, MP Lecocq, F Sirois, A Teufel, JD Aumentado, J Simmonds, RW AF Allman, M. S. Whittaker, J. D. Castellanos-Beltran, M. Cicak, K. da Silva, F. DeFeo, M. P. Lecocq, F. Sirois, A. Teufel, J. D. Aumentado, J. Simmonds, R. W. TI Tunable Resonant and Nonresonant Interactions between a Phase Qubit and LC Resonator SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING CIRCUITS; QUANTUM SIMULATORS; 2-PHASE QUBITS; CAVITY; STATES; TRANSFORMER AB We use a flux-biased radio frequency superconducting quantum interference device (rf SQUID) with an embedded flux-biased direct current SQUID to generate strong resonant and nonresonant tunable interactions between a phase qubit and a lumped-element resonator. The rf SQUID creates a tunable magnetic susceptibility between the qubit and resonator providing resonant coupling strengths from zero to near the ultrastrong coupling regime. By modulating the magnetic susceptibility, nonresonant parametric coupling achieves rates > 100 MHz. Nonlinearity of the magnetic susceptibility also leads to parametric coupling at the subharmonics of the qubit-resonator detuning. C1 [Allman, M. S.; Whittaker, J. D.; Castellanos-Beltran, M.; Cicak, K.; da Silva, F.; DeFeo, M. P.; Lecocq, F.; Sirois, A.; Teufel, J. D.; Aumentado, J.; Simmonds, R. W.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Allman, MS (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM simmonds@boulder.nist.gov RI Lecocq, Florent/A-9613-2015; Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; Teufel, John/A-8898-2010 OI Lecocq, Florent/0000-0002-3950-0024; Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Teufel, John/0000-0002-1873-9941 FU NSA [EAO140639]; NIST Quantum Information Program FX This work was supported by NSA under Contract No. EAO140639, and the NIST Quantum Information Program. This Letter is a contribution by NIST and not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 47 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 AR 123601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.123601 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE4AP UT WOS:000333920000015 PM 24724648 ER PT J AU Koller, AP Beverland, M Gorshkov, AV Rey, AM AF Koller, A. P. Beverland, M. Gorshkov, A. V. Rey, A. M. TI Beyond the Spin Model Approximation for Ramsey Spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD FERMIONS; LATTICE CLOCK; DYNAMICS AB Ramsey spectroscopy has become a powerful technique for probing nonequilibrium dynamics of internal (pseudospin) degrees of freedom of interacting systems. In many theoretical treatments, the key to understanding the dynamics has been to assume the external (motional) degrees of freedom are decoupled from the pseudospin degrees of freedom. Determining the validity of this approximation-known as the spin model approximation-has not been addressed in detail. Here we shed light in this direction by calculating Ramsey dynamics exactly for two interacting spin-1/2 particles in a harmonic trap. We focus on s-wave-interacting fermions in quasi one- and two-dimensional geometries. We find that in one dimension the spin model assumption works well over a wide range of experimentally relevant conditions, but can fail at time scales longer than those set by the mean interaction energy. Surprisingly, in two dimensions a modified version of the spin model is exact to first order in the interaction strength. This analysis is important for a correct interpretation of Ramsey spectroscopy and has broad applications ranging from precision measurements to quantum information and to fundamental probes of many-body systems. C1 [Koller, A. P.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Koller, A. P.; Rey, A. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beverland, M.] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gorshkov, A. V.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Koller, AP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Gorshkov, Alexey/A-9848-2008 OI Gorshkov, Alexey/0000-0003-0509-3421 FU NSF-PIF; NSF [JILA-PFC-1125844, JQI-PFC-0822671, IQIM-PFC-1125565]; ARO-DARPAOLE; AFOSR; NIST; Lee A. DuBridge Foundation; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Department of Defense FX We thank M. Foss-Feig, G. Campbell, K. Hazzard, A. Ludlow, J. von Stecher, K. O'Hara, M. Martin, and the JILA Sr clock experimental team for feedback. This work was supported by NSF-PIF, NSF JILA-PFC-1125844, NSF JQI-PFC-0822671, NSF IQIM-PFC-1125565, ARO-DARPAOLE, AFOSR, NIST, and the Lee A. DuBridge and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundations. A. K. was supported by the Department of Defense through the NDSEG program. NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 AR 123001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.123001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE4AP UT WOS:000333920000014 PM 24724647 ER PT J AU Stannigel, K Hauke, P Marcos, D Hafezi, M Diehl, S Dalmonte, M Zoller, P AF Stannigel, K. Hauke, P. Marcos, D. Hafezi, M. Diehl, S. Dalmonte, M. Zoller, P. TI Constrained Dynamics via the Zeno Effect in Quantum Simulation: Implementing Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories with Cold Atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOTT INSULATOR; SYSTEMS; GASES; SPIN; DECOHERENCE; DISSIPATION; PHYSICS; MODELS AB We show how engineered classical noise can be used to generate constrained Hamiltonian dynamics in atomic quantum simulators of many-body systems, taking advantage of the continuous Zeno effect. After discussing the general theoretical framework, we focus on applications in the context of lattice gauge theories, where imposing exotic, quasilocal constraints is usually challenging. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the scheme for both Abelian and non-Abelian gauge theories, and discuss how engineering dissipative constraints substitutes complicated, nonlocal interaction patterns by global coupling to laser fields. C1 [Stannigel, K.; Hauke, P.; Marcos, D.; Diehl, S.; Dalmonte, M.; Zoller, P.] Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Hafezi, M.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Diehl, S.; Dalmonte, M.; Zoller, P.] Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. RP Stannigel, K (reprint author), Austrian Acad Sci, Inst Quantum Opt & Quantum Informat, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. EM philipp.hauke@uibk.ac.at; marcello.dalmonte@uibk.ac.at RI Zoller, Peter/O-1639-2014; Hauke, Philipp/H-5304-2015; Hafezi, Mohammad/A-1197-2008 OI Zoller, Peter/0000-0003-4014-1505; Hauke, Philipp/0000-0002-0414-1754; Hafezi, Mohammad/0000-0003-1679-4880 FU SIQS; ERC Synergy Grant UQUAM; SFB FoQuS (FWF) [F4006-N16]; U.S. ARO MURI [W911NF0910406]; START [Y 581-N16] FX We thank D. Banerjee, Ch. Becker, E. Rico, and U.-J. Wiese for stimulating discussions and G. Kurizki, S. Pascazio, and L. Viola for useful comments on the manuscript. This project was supported by SIQS, the ERC Synergy Grant UQUAM, the SFB FoQuS (FWF Project No. F4006-N16), U.S. ARO MURI Grant No. W911NF0910406, and the START Grant No. Y 581-N16 (S. D.). M. H. thanks IQOQI, Innsbruck, for hospitality. K. S. and P. H. contributed equally to this work. NR 50 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 AR 120406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.120406 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE4AP UT WOS:000333920000006 PM 24724634 ER PT J AU Apprill, A Robbins, J Eren, AM Pack, AA Reveillaud, J Mattila, D Moore, M Niemeyer, M Moore, KMT Mincer, TJ AF Apprill, Amy Robbins, Jooke Eren, A. Murat Pack, Adam A. Reveillaud, Julie Mattila, David Moore, Michael Niemeyer, Misty Moore, Kathleen M. T. Mincer, Tracy J. TI Humpback Whale Populations Share a Core Skin Bacterial Community: Towards a Health Index for Marine Mammals? SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID DOLPHIN TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; SOLE SOLEA-SENEGALENSIS; TIDAL FLAT SEDIMENT; SP-NOV.; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; NORTH PACIFIC; SEQUENCE DATA; SEA; HALOTOLERANT; MICROBIOTA AB Microbes are now well regarded for their important role in mammalian health. The microbiology of skin - a unique interface between the host and environment - is a major research focus in human health and skin disorders, but is less explored in other mammals. Here, we report on a cross-population study of the skin-associated bacterial community of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), and examine the potential for a core bacterial community and its variability with host (endogenous) or geographic/environmental (exogenous) specific factors. Skin biopsies or freshly sloughed skin from 56 individuals were sampled from populations in the North Atlantic, North Pacific and South Pacific oceans and bacteria were characterized using 454 pyrosequencing of SSU rRNA genes. Phylogenetic and statistical analyses revealed the ubiquity and abundance of bacteria belonging to the Flavobacteria genus Tenacibaculum and the Gammaproteobacteria genus Psychrobacter across the whale populations. Scanning electron microscopy of skin indicated that microbial cells colonize the skin surface. Despite the ubiquity of Tenacibaculum and Psychrobater spp., the relative composition of the skin-bacterial community differed significantly by geographic area as well as metabolic state of the animals (feeding versus starving during migration and breeding), suggesting that both exogenous and endogenous factors may play a role in influencing the skin-bacteria. Further, characteristics of the skin bacterial community from these free-swimming individuals were assembled and compared to two entangled and three dead individuals, revealing a decrease in the central or core bacterial community members (Tenacibaculum and Psychrobater spp.), as well as the emergence of potential pathogens in the latter cases. This is the first discovery of a cross-population, shared skin bacterial community. This research suggests that the skin bacteria may be connected to humpback health and immunity and could possibly serve as a useful index for health and skin disorder monitoring of threatened and endangered marine mammals. C1 [Apprill, Amy; Moore, Michael; Mincer, Tracy J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Robbins, Jooke] Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA USA. [Eren, A. Murat; Reveillaud, Julie] Josephine Bay Paul Ctr, Marine Biol Lab, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Pack, Adam A.] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Pack, Adam A.] Dolphin Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. [Mattila, David] Hawaiian Isl Humpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI USA. [Niemeyer, Misty; Moore, Kathleen M. T.] Int Fund Anim Welf, Yarmouth Port, MA USA. RP Apprill, A (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM apprill@whoi.edu; tmincer@whoi.edu RI Eren, A. Murat/J-3408-2014; Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015; OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631; Mincer, Tracy/0000-0002-4644-5609; Eren, A. Murat/0000-0001-9013-4827; Robbins, Jooke/0000-0002-6382-722X FU WHOI Ocean Life Institute; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's (WHOI) Marine Mammal Center FX A.A. was funded by a WHOI Ocean Life Institute post-doctoral scholar award, and this research was supported by a grant to A.A. and T.J.M. from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's (WHOI) Marine Mammal Center. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 67 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 6 U2 36 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e90785 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0090785 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SR UT WOS:000333677000010 PM 24671052 ER PT J AU Belter, CW AF Belter, Christopher W. TI Measuring the Value of Research Data: A Citation Analysis of Oceanographic Data Sets SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE PILOT PROJECT; SCIENTIFIC PRIMARY DATA; BIBLIOMETRIC INDICATORS; BIODIVERSITY DATA; IOC CONTRIBUTIONS; EARTH-SCIENCES; GOOGLE SCHOLAR; PUBLICATION; CONSEQUENCES; REGISTRATION AB Evaluation of scientific research is becoming increasingly reliant on publication-based bibliometric indicators, which may result in the devaluation of other scientific activities - such as data curation - that do not necessarily result in the production of scientific publications. This issue may undermine the movement to openly share and cite data sets in scientific publications because researchers are unlikely to devote the effort necessary to curate their research data if they are unlikely to receive credit for doing so. This analysis attempts to demonstrate the bibliometric impact of properly curated and openly accessible data sets by attempting to generate citation counts for three data sets archived at the National Oceanographic Data Center. My findings suggest that all three data sets are highly cited, with estimated citation counts in most cases higher than 99% of all the journal articles published in Oceanography during the same years. I also find that methods of citing and referring to these data sets in scientific publications are highly inconsistent, despite the fact that a formal citation format is suggested for each data set. These findings have important implications for developing a data citation format, encouraging researchers to properly curate their research data, and evaluating the bibliometric impact of individuals and institutions. C1 NOAA, LAC Grp, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Belter, CW (reprint author), NOAA, LAC Grp, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Chris.Belter@noaa.gov RI Belter, Christopher/L-6487-2013 OI Belter, Christopher/0000-0001-5221-6880 NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 58 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92590 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092590 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SR UT WOS:000333677000054 PM 24671177 ER PT J AU Paredes, R Orben, RA Suryan, RM Irons, DB Roby, DD Harding, AMA Young, RC Benoit-Bird, K Ladd, C Renner, H Heppell, S Phillips, RA Kitaysky, A AF Paredes, Rosana Orben, Rachael A. Suryan, Robert M. Irons, David B. Roby, Daniel D. Harding, Ann M. A. Young, Rebecca C. Benoit-Bird, Kelly Ladd, Carol Renner, Heather Heppell, Scott Phillips, Richard A. Kitaysky, Alexander TI Foraging Responses of Black-Legged Kittiwakes to Prolonged Food-Shortages around Colonies on the Bering Sea Shelf SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; OSCILLATING CONTROL HYPOTHESIS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; LONG-LIVED SEABIRD; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PELAGIC SEABIRD; PISCIVOROUS SEABIRDS; POPULATION PROCESSES; MYCTOPHID FISHES AB We hypothesized that changes in southeastern Bering Sea foraging conditions for black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) have caused shifts in habitat use with direct implications for population trends. To test this, we compared at-sea distribution, breeding performance, and nutritional stress of kittiwakes in three years (2008-2010) at two sites in the Pribilof Islands, where the population has either declined (St. Paul) or remained stable (St. George). Foraging conditions were assessed from changes in (1) bird diets, (2) the biomass and distribution of juvenile pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in 2008 and 2009, and (3) eddy kinetic energy (EKE; considered to be a proxy for oceanic prey availability). In years when biomass of juvenile pollock was low and patchily distributed in shelf regions, kittiwake diets included little or no neritic prey and a much higher occurrence of oceanic prey (e.g. myctophids). Birds from both islands foraged on the nearby shelves, or made substantially longer-distance trips overnight to the basin. Here, feeding was more nocturnal and crepuscular than on the shelf, and often occurred near anticyclonic, or inside cyclonic eddies. As expected from colony location, birds from St. Paul used neritic waters more frequently, whereas birds from St. George typically foraged in oceanic waters. Despite these distinctive foraging patterns, there were no significant differences between colonies in chick feeding rates or fledging success. High EKE in 2010 coincided with a 63% increase in use of the basin by birds from St. Paul compared with 2008 when EKE was low. Nonetheless, adult nutritional stress, which was relatively high across years at both colonies, peaked in birds from St. Paul in 2010. Diminishing food resources in nearby shelf habitats may have contributed to kittiwake population declines at St Paul, possibly driven by increased adult mortality or breeding desertion due to high foraging effort and nutritional stress. C1 [Paredes, Rosana; Heppell, Scott] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Orben, Rachael A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci Dept, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Suryan, Robert M.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Irons, David B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. [Roby, Daniel D.] Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Harding, Ann M. A.] Alaska Pacific Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Anchorage, AK USA. [Young, Rebecca C.; Kitaysky, Alexander] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Benoit-Bird, Kelly] Oregon State Univ, Coll Earth Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Ladd, Carol] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Renner, Heather] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK USA. [Phillips, Richard A.] British Antarctic Survey, Nat Environm Res Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. RP Paredes, R (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM rparedes.insley@gmail.com RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014; OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X; Orben, Rachael/0000-0002-0802-407X FU North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Project; Oregon State University FX Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Project [http://bsierp.nprb.org/1, Fish and Wildlife Service (http:// alaska;fws.gov/) and Oregon State University (http://fw.oregonstate.edu/). BSIERP projects were granted to David Irons and Daniel Roby (B63 and B77), Heather Renner (B77), Alexander Kitaysky (B77), and to Scott Heppell and Kelly Benoit-Bird (B67 and B77). The funders facilitated indersciplinary partnerships as part of the program but had no role in the specifics of the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 97 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 47 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR c92520 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092520 PG 15 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AE0SR UT WOS:000333677000050 ER PT J AU Guo, F Belova, LM McMichael, RD AF Guo, Feng Belova, L. M. McMichael, R. D. TI Parametric pumping of precession modes in ferromagnetic nanodisks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID YTTRIUM-IRON-GARNET; LIGHT-SCATTERING; RESONANCE; SOLITONS; FILMS AB We report on the parametric excitation of magnetic precession modes in nanodisks using a parallel pumping configuration. The excitations are detected using a ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy method, and the parallel-pumped spectra reveal nonlinear characteristics including instability thresholds and multiple, narrow, sawtooth-shaped resonances. These characteristics are in accord with analytical theory and micromagnetic modeling results. Modeled mode profiles of the excitations show that higher-order standing spin-wave modes with both even and odd symmetries are excited under parallel pumping. C1 [Guo, Feng; McMichael, R. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guo, Feng] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Belova, L. M.] Royal Inst Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Guo, F (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM feng.guo@nist.gov; robert.mcmichael@nist.gov RI Belova, Lyubov/A-9868-2011; OI Belova, Lyubov/0000-0003-4889-4210; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X FU University of Maryland [70NANB10H193]; National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology [70NANB10H193]; Swedish Research Council; Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA FX F.G. acknowledges support under the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Award No. 70NANB10H193, through the University of Maryland. Dr. Belova acknowledges support from the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Innovation Agency VINNOVA. NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR 26 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 10 AR 104422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.104422 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA AD6PK UT WOS:000333383100001 ER PT J AU Ross, RB Ahmad, R Brennan, JK Frankel, KA Moore, JD Moore, JD Mountain, RD Shen, VK Schultz, NE Siderius, DW Smith, KD Thommes, M AF Ross, Richard B. Ahmad, Riaz Brennan, John K. Frankel, Kevin A. Moore, Jonathan D. Moore, Joshua D. Mountain, Raymond D. Shen, Vincent K. Schultz, Nathan E. Siderius, Daniel W. Smith, Kenneth D. Thommes, Matthias TI The seventh industrial fluid properties simulation challenge SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Perfluorohexane; Adsorption; BCR-704 zeolite; Molecular simulation; Monte Carlo simulation ID MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS; VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; GLYCOL DIMETHYL ETHER; BUBBLE POINT PRESSURE; HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS; FORCE-FIELD; ETHYLENE-OXIDE; ESTABLISHING BENCHMARKS; BINARY-MIXTURES AB The goal of the seventh industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was to test the ability of molecular simulation methods to predict the adsorption of organic adsorbates in zeolite materials. Zeolite adsorbents are used in a variety of applications due to their high surface area and abilities to adsorb or desorb sorbates depending upon the applied conditions. With increasing numbers of applications, the ability to predict the performance of zeolites for a wide range of adsorbates would be very valuable in pre-optimizing systems and reducing product development time. The seventh challenge focused, in particular, on the adsorption of perfluorohexane in BCR-704 Faujasite Zeolite. Entrants were challenged to predict the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the zeolite at 293 K and at relative pressures of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. The relative pressure is defined as that relative to the bulk saturation pressure predicted by the model at a given temperature (293 K in this case). The predictions were judged by comparison to a benchmark set of experimentally determined values. Overall good agreement and consistency were found between the predictions of most entrants. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ross, Richard B.; Frankel, Kevin A.; Schultz, Nathan E.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Ahmad, Riaz; Thommes, Matthias] Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.] US Army, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Ross, RB (reprint author), 3M Co, 201-2E-23, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM rbross@mmm.com RI Siderius, Daniel/E-8116-2011; Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 OI Siderius, Daniel/0000-0002-6260-7727; FU 3M Company; BP Amoco; Dow Chemical Company; DuPont; Exxon Mobil; Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation FX We would like to thank the Computational Molecular Science and Engineering Forum (CoMSEF) of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the Physical Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society (ACS) for their institutional support. We would also like to thank the 3M Company, BP Amoco, The Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Exxon Mobil, and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation for financial support. In addition, we thank Quantachrome Instruments for carrying out the benchmark experimental adsorption studies. We would also like to thank the anonymous committee of academic modeling experts who served as external judges for the challenge. Finally, we would like to thank all the participants for their willingness to commit considerable time and resources to this challenge and for participating in the valuable discussions during the challenge symposium at the AIChE annual meeting. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD MAR 25 PY 2014 VL 366 BP 136 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2013.09.062 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AE6GU UT WOS:000334089400016 ER PT J AU Ross, RB Brennan, JK Frankel, KA Moore, JD Moore, JD Mountain, RD Ahmad, R Thommes, M Shen, VK Schultz, NE Siderius, DW Smith, KD AF Ross, Richard B. Brennan, John K. Frankel, Kevin A. Moore, Jonathan D. Moore, Joshua D. Mountain, Raymond D. Ahmad, Riaz Thommes, Matthias Shen, Vincent K. Schultz, Nathan E. Siderius, Daniel W. Smith, Kenneth D. TI Perfluorohexane adsorption in BCR-704 Faujasite zeolite benchmark studies for the seventh industrial fluid properties simulation challenge SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE Perfluorohexane; Adsorption; BCR-704 zeolite AB The primary goal of the seventh industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was to test the ability of molecular simulation methods to predict the adsorption of organic adsorbates in zeolitic materials. The challenge focused, in particular, on the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the BCR-704 Faujasite zeolite. Entrants were challenged to predict the adsorption of perfluorohexane in the zeolite at 293 K and at relative pressures of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8. The relative pressure (P/P-o) is defined as that relative to the bulk saturation pressure predicted by the model at a given temperature (293 K in this case). The predictions were judged by comparison to a set of experimentally determined values which are published here for the first time and were not disclosed prior to the challenge to the entrants. Additional benchmark experimental studies, also described here-in, were carried out and provided to entrants in order to aid in the development of new force fields and simulation methods to be employed in the challenge. These studies included argon and nitrogen adsorption in the BCR-704 Faujasite zeolite. Elemental analysis of the BCR-704 Faujasite type zeolite was also available to entrants via the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurement (IRMM) report EUR 21065 [1]. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ross, Richard B.; Frankel, Kevin A.; Schultz, Nathan E.] 3M Co, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. [Brennan, John K.; Moore, Joshua D.] US Army, Res Lab, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Moore, Jonathan D.] Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. [Mountain, Raymond D.; Shen, Vincent K.; Siderius, Daniel W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ahmad, Riaz; Thommes, Matthias] Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach, FL USA. [Smith, Kenneth D.] United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Ross, RB (reprint author), 3M Co, 201-2E-23, St Paul, MN 55144 USA. EM rbross@mmm.com RI Siderius, Daniel/E-8116-2011; Moore, Jonathan/B-8201-2009 OI Siderius, Daniel/0000-0002-6260-7727; NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD MAR 25 PY 2014 VL 366 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2013.12.025 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA AE6GU UT WOS:000334089400017 ER PT J AU De, S Campbell, DL Price, RM Putra, A Anderson, BM Spielman, IB AF De, S. Campbell, D. L. Price, R. M. Putra, A. Anderson, Brandon M. Spielman, I. B. TI Quenched binary Bose-Einstein condensates: Spin-domain formation and coarsening SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICS; GASES; FIELD AB We explore the time evolution of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), quasi one dimensional with respect to their spinor dynamics, following a quench from one component BECs with a U(1) order parameter into two-component condensates with a U(1) x Z(2) order parameter. In our case, these two spin components have a propensity to phase separate, i.e., they are immiscible. Remarkably, these spin degrees of freedom can equivalently be described as a single-component attractive BEC. A spatially uniform mixture of these spins is dynamically unstable, rapidly amplifying any quantum or pre-existing classical spin fluctuations. This coherent growth process drives the formation of numerous spin-polarized domains, which are far from the system's ground state. At much longer times these domains grow in size, coarsening, as the system approaches equilibrium. The experimentally observed time evolution is consistent with our fully three-dimensional stochastic-projected Gross-Pitaevskii calculation. C1 [De, S.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP De, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Anderson, Brandon/0000-0001-6895-9902 FU NSF through the Physics Frontier Center; ARO; Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program FX We appreciate discussions with and terminology introduced by N. Bray-Ali, and insight gleaned from C. Raman. We acknowledge the financial support the NSF through the Physics Frontier Center at JQI, and the ARO with funds from both the Atomtronics MURI and DARPA's OLE Program. NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR 25 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 3 AR 033631 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.033631 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA AD6ZR UT WOS:000333410700006 ER PT J AU Son, S Wang, MH Harding, LW AF Son, SeungHyun Wang, Menghua Harding, Lawrence W., Jr. TI Satellite-measured net primary production in the Chesapeake Bay SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Net primary production; Ocean color remote sensing; Water quality; Chesapeake Bay ID PARTIALLY STRATIFIED ESTUARY; WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SWIR ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; OCEANIC PRIMARY PRODUCTION; MODIS-AQUA MEASUREMENTS; LONG-TERM TRENDS; PHYTOPLANKTON PRODUCTION; ATLANTIC BIGHT; COLOR PRODUCTS; CHLOROPHYLL-A AB The regional daily-integrated net primary production (NPP) model for the Chesapeake Bay, Chesapeake Bay Production Model (CBPM), has been improved for use with ocean color products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the satellite Aqua. A polynomial regression formula for the photosynthetic parameter (i.e., optimal carbon fixation rate, P-opt(B)) as a function of sea surface temperature (SST) was derived for the Chesapeake Bay. Results show that the CBPM-derived NPP using the new model for P-opt(B) are improved for the Chesapeake Bay. Comparisons of MODIS-Aqua-derived and in situ-measured NPP show that the satellite-derived data correspond reasonably well to in situ measurements, although MODIS-Aqua-derived NPP values may be slightly overestimated for the upper Bay, primarily due to uncertainties in the bio-optical algorithm for satellite ocean color products for that region. We also generated MODIS-Aqua-derived NPP maps using the improved CBPM for the period of 2002 to 2011 to characterize NPP in the Chesapeake Bay. Spatial distributions of MODIS-Aqua-derived NPP products show that higher NPP values are generally found in the southern upper Bay and northern middle Bay (regions around 38.3 degrees N-39.0 degrees N), including the Potomac River, while relatively low NPP values were found in the northern upper Bay, the eastern area of middle Bay, and lower Bay. The temporal pattern of MODIS-Aqua-derived NPP showed lowest values in winter (December to February) over the entire Bay, while high NPP values were in late spring to summer (May to August), depending on location. Furthermore, there is a strong interannual variability in NPP for the Chesapeake Bay, and an apparent increasing trend from 2003 to 2011. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Son, SeungHyun; Wang, Menghua] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Son, SeungHyun] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Harding, Lawrence W., Jr.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E RA3,5830 Univ Res Court, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 FU NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS); NSF Biological Oceanography Program; NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office FX This research was supported by the NOAA Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) funding. LWH was supported by the NSF Biological Oceanography Program and the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Program Office. MODIS L1B data were obtained from the NASA/GSFC MODAPS Service website. We thank two anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 58 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD MAR 25 PY 2014 VL 144 BP 109 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA AD8BD UT WOS:000333490600009 ER PT J AU Adelmann, C Schram, T Chew, SA Woicik, JC Brizzi, S Tallarida, M Schmeisser, D Horiguchi, N Van Elshocht, S Ragnarsson, LA AF Adelmann, C. Schram, T. Chew, S. -A. Woicik, J. C. Brizzi, S. Tallarida, M. Schmeisser, D. Horiguchi, N. Van Elshocht, S. Ragnarsson, L. -A. TI On the scalability of doped hafnia thin films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HFO2; DIELECTRICS; OXIDE AB The scaling behavior of Gd- and Al-doped HfO2 films as gate dielectrics in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors was studied. For equivalent oxide thicknesses (EOTs) in the range of 10 angstrom, crystallized Gd:HfO2 showed higher leakage current densities than crystallized Al:HfO2, with undoped HfO2 in between. Ultimately, the scalability of Al:HfO2 was limited by the ability to crystallize the films at a given thermal budget. As a result, for post-deposition annealing at 800 degrees C, the EOT of Al:HfO2 based MOS capacitors was limited to similar to 8 angstrom. However, for such an EOT, leakage current densities were reduced by about 100x with respect to HfO2. This demonstrates the high potential of Al:HfO2 for low-standby-power MOS devices. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Adelmann, C.; Schram, T.; Chew, S. -A.; Horiguchi, N.; Van Elshocht, S.; Ragnarsson, L. -A.] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. [Woicik, J. C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brizzi, S.; Tallarida, M.; Schmeisser, D.] Brandenburg Tech Univ Cottbus, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany. RP Adelmann, C (reprint author), IMEC, Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. EM christoph.adelmann@imec.be RI Adelmann, Christoph/C-1507-2014 OI Adelmann, Christoph/0000-0002-4831-3159 FU U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; European Community [312284] FX The use of the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We also acknowledge the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, electron storage ring BESSY II, for provision of synchrotron radiation at beamline U49/2-PGM-2. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement No. 312284. Karl Opsomer (imec) is acknowledged for providing the IS-XRD data in the supplementary material. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 104 IS 12 AR 122906 DI 10.1063/1.4870075 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AE6DD UT WOS:000334078500059 ER PT J AU Bender, PL AF Bender, Peter L. TI Comparison of atom interferometry with laser interferometry for gravitational wave observations in space SO PHYSICAL REVIEW D LA English DT Article AB Proposals were made earlier in 2008 to use atom interferometry based on Raman transitions for gravitational wave observations in space. Recently, Graham et al. have suggested a new atom interferometry method for such observations based on laser-induced single-photon transitions on highly forbidden optical transitions such as those used in recently developed optical clocks. However, a number of additional requirements that are not discussed by Graham et al. have to be considered if the sensitivity level they suggest is to be reached. When all of the requirements are considered, it appears that such an atom interferometry mission would be much more complex than a laser interferometry mission with better overall sensitivity. C1 [Bender, Peter L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bender, Peter L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1550-7998 EI 1550-2368 J9 PHYS REV D JI Phys. Rev. D PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 89 IS 6 AR 062004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.062004 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AE9EU UT WOS:000334308800002 ER PT J AU Sinclair, LC Coddington, I Swann, WC Rieker, GB Hati, A Iwakuni, K Newbury, NR AF Sinclair, L. C. Coddington, I. Swann, W. C. Rieker, G. B. Hati, A. Iwakuni, K. Newbury, N. R. TI Operation of an optically coherent frequency comb outside the metrology lab SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID ABSOLUTE DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS; FIBER-LASERS; NOBEL LECTURE; TIMING JITTER; NOISE; SPECTROSCOPY; TIME; TECHNOLOGY; PULSES; ACCURATE AB We demonstrate a self-referenced fiber frequency comb that can operate outside the well-controlled optical laboratory. The frequency comb has residual optical linewidths of < 1 Hz, sub-radian residual optical phase noise, and residual pulse-to-pulse timing jitter of 2.4 - 5 fs, when locked to an optical reference. This fully phase-locked frequency comb has been successfully operated in a moving vehicle with 0.5 g peak accelerations and on a shaker table with a sustained 0.5 g rms integrated acceleration, while retaining its optical coherence and 5-fs-level timing jitter. This frequency comb should enable metrological measurements outside the laboratory with the precision and accuracy that are the hallmarks of comb-based systems. (c) 2014 Optical Society of America C1 [Sinclair, L. C.; Coddington, I.; Swann, W. C.; Rieker, G. B.; Hati, A.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iwakuni, K.] Keio Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Dept Phys, Kohoku Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2238522, Japan. RP Sinclair, LC (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.sinclair@nist.gov; nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov FU DARPA PULSE program; National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); QuASAR program FX This work was funded by the DARPA PULSE and QuASAR programs and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We acknowledge donation of the critical PM HNLF fiber by Masaaki Hirano of Sumitomo Electric. We acknowledge helpful discussions with David Leibrandt and Franklyn Quinlan and assistance from Craig Nelson, Lindsay Sonderhouse, Don Rieker, Marilyn Rieker and Marla Dowell. NR 55 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 7 U2 44 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 22 IS 6 BP 6996 EP 7006 DI 10.1364/OE.22.006996 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA AD9IT UT WOS:000333579300079 PM 24664048 ER PT J AU Abrams, DM Slawik, A Srinivasan, K AF Abrams, Daniel M. Slawik, Alex Srinivasan, Kartik TI Nonlinear Oscillations and Bifurcations in Silicon Photonic Microresonators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL WAVE-GUIDES; RESONATOR; BISTABILITY; MODULATOR; MODES; POWER; CHIP AB Silicon microdisks are optical resonators that can exhibit surprising nonlinear behavior. We present a new analysis of the dynamics of these resonators elucidating the mathematical origin of spontaneous oscillations and deriving predictions for observed phenomena such as a frequency comb spectrum with MHz-scale repetition rate. We test predictions through laboratory experiment and numerical simulation. C1 [Abrams, Daniel M.; Slawik, Alex] Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Abrams, Daniel M.] Northwestern Univ, Northwestern Inst Complex Syst, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Abrams, Daniel M.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Srinivasan, Kartik] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abrams, DM (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Appl Math, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM dmabrams@northwestern.edu; AlexanderSlawik2015@u.northwestern.edu; kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Abrams, Daniel/F-2297-2011 OI Abrams, Daniel/0000-0002-6015-8358 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 24 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 12 AR 123901 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.123901 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AE3ZQ UT WOS:000333917400002 PM 24724649 ER PT J AU Li, W Hacker, CA Cheng, GJ Liang, YR Tian, BY Walker, ARH Richter, CA Gundlach, DJ Liang, XL Peng, LM AF Li, Wei Hacker, Christina A. Cheng, Guangjun Liang, Yiran Tian, Boyuan Walker, A. R. Hight Richter, Curt A. Gundlach, David J. Liang, Xuelei Peng, Lianmao TI Highly reproducible and reliable metal/graphene contact by ultraviolet-ozone treatment SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE; TRANSISTORS; RESISTANCE AB Resist residue from the device fabrication process is a significant source of contamination at the metal/graphene contact interface. Ultraviolet Ozone (UVO) treatment is proven here, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman measurement, to be an effective way of cleaning the metal/graphene interface. Electrical measurements of devices that were fabricated by using UVO treatment of the metal/graphene contact region show that stable and reproducible low resistance metal/graphene contacts are obtained and the electrical properties of the graphene channel remain unaffected. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. C1 [Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Tian, Boyuan; Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lianmao] Peking Univ, Key Lab Phys & Chem Nanodevices, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Liang, Yiran; Tian, Boyuan; Liang, Xuelei; Peng, Lianmao] Peking Univ, Dept Elect, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Li, Wei; Hacker, Christina A.; Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, A. R. Hight; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gundlach, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.gundlach@nist.gov; liangxl@pku.edu.cn RI Peng, Lianmao/E-2089-2011; Liang, Xuelei/C-4690-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 FU Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2011CB921904]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [60971003]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2011CB921904) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60971003). Wei Li was partly supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 115 IS 11 AR 114304 DI 10.1063/1.4868897 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA AE3TM UT WOS:000333900600053 ER PT J AU Nichols, JE Harries, ME Lovestead, TM Bruno, TJ AF Nichols, Jessica E. Harries, Megan E. Lovestead, Tara M. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Analysis of arson fire debris by low temperature dynamic headspace adsorption porous layer open tubular columns SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE Fire debris analysis; Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Headspace analysis; Ignitable liquid; PLOT-cryoadsorption ID DISTILLATION CURVE METHOD; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; STATIONARY-PHASE; CRYOADSORPTION; APPARATUS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROMETRY AB In this paper we present results of the application of PLOT-cryoadsorption (PLOT-cryo) to the analysis of ignitable liquids in fire debris. We tested ignitable liquids, broadly divided into fuels and solvents (although the majority of the results presented here were obtained with gasoline and diesel fuel) on three substrates: Douglas fir, oak plywood and Nylon carpet. We determined that PLOT-cryo allows the analyst to distinguish all of the ignitable liquids tested by use of a very rapid sampling protocol, and performs better (more recovered components, higher efficiency, lower elution solvent volumes) than a conventional purge and trap method. We also tested the effect of latency (the time period between applying the ignitable liquid and ignition), and we tested a variety of sampling times and a variety of PLOT capillary lengths. Reliable results can be obtained with sampling time periods as short as 3 min, and on PLOT capillaries as short as 20 cm. The variability of separate samples was also assessed, a study made possible by the high throughput nature of the PLOT-cryo method. We also determined that the method performs better than the conventional carbon strip method that is commonly used in fire debris analysis. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nichols, Jessica E.; Harries, Megan E.; Lovestead, Tara M.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), NIST, Appl Chem & Mat Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov OI Nichols, Jessica/0000-0002-8597-1898 FU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) at NIST; Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for a research fellowship at NISI FX JEN acknowledges a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) at NIST. MEH acknowledges the Clare Boothe Luce Foundation for a research fellowship at NISI. We acknowledge Dr. J. Tim Edwards of the Fuels Branch, Air Force Research laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, for providing the Jet-A and the JP-5 used in this work. NR 69 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 EI 1873-3778 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 1334 BP 126 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.080 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA AD8BH UT WOS:000333491000016 PM 24569007 ER PT J AU Hood, RR Kendall, EL Junqueira, M Vreeland, WN Quezado, Z Finkel, JC Devoe, DL AF Hood, Renee R. Kendall, Eric L. Junqueira, Mariana Vreeland, Wyatt N. Quezado, Zenaide Finkel, Julia C. Devoe, Don L. TI Microfluidic-Enabled Liposomes Elucidate Size-Dependent Transdermal Transport SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID PORCINE EAR SKIN; DRUG-DELIVERY; LIPID VESICLES; PARTICLE-SIZE; IN-VITRO; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; PENETRATION; CARRIERS; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES AB Microfluidic synthesis of small and nearly-monodisperse liposomes is used to investigate the size-dependent passive transdermal transport of nanoscale lipid vesicles. While large liposomes with diameters above 105 nm are found to be excluded from deeper skin layers past the stratum corneum, the primary barrier to nanoparticle transport, liposomes with mean diameters between 31-41 nm exhibit significantly enhanced penetration. Furthermore, multicolor fluorescence imaging reveals that the smaller liposomes pass rapidly through the stratum corneum without vesicle rupture. These findings reveal that nanoscale liposomes with well-controlled size and minimal size variance are excellent vehicles for transdermal delivery of functional nanoparticle drugs. C1 [Hood, Renee R.; Devoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kendall, Eric L.; Devoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Junqueira, Mariana; Quezado, Zenaide; Finkel, Julia C.] Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Dept Anesthesiol Sedat & Perioperat Med, Washington, DC 20010 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Biomol Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Devoe, DL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Fischell Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ddev@umd.edu RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011; Quezado, Zenaide/O-4860-2016 OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993; Quezado, Zenaide/0000-0001-9793-4368 FU Sheikh Zayed Institute - Clark School of Engineering; National Science Foundation [CBET0966407] FX This research was funded by a Sheikh Zayed Institute - Clark School of Engineering seed grant and the National Science Foundation through grant CBET0966407. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 26 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92978 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092978 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6GL UT WOS:000333355300150 PM 24658111 ER PT J AU Villareal, TA Wilson, C AF Villareal, Tracy A. Wilson, Cara TI A Comparison of the Pac-X Trans-Pacific Wave Glider Data and Satellite Data (MODIS, Aquarius, TRMM and VIIRS) SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MID-ATLANTIC BIGHT; SURFACE-LAYER; CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; MIXED-LAYER; WARM POOL; ROSS SEA; VARIABILITY; NORTH AB Four wave-propelled autonomous vehicles (Wave Gliders) instrumented with a variety of oceanographic and meteorological sensors were launched from San Francisco, CA in November 2011 for a trans-Pacific (Pac-X) voyage to test platform endurance. Two arrived in Australia, one in Dec 2012 and one in February 2013, while the two destined for Japan both ran into technical difficulties and did not arrive at their destination. The gliders were all equipped with sensors to measure temperature, salinity, turbidity, oxygen, and both chlorophyll and oil fluorescence. Here we conduct an initial assessment of the data set, noting necessary quality control steps and instrument utility. We conduct a validation of the Pac-X dataset by comparing the glider data to equivalent, or near-equivalent, satellite measurements. Sea surface temperature and salinity compared well to satellite measurements. Chl fluorescence from the gliders was more poorly correlated, with substantial between glider variability. Both turbidity and oil CDOM sensors were compromised to some degree by interfering processes. The well-known diel cycle in chlorophyll fluorescence was observed suggesting that mapping physiological data over large scales is possible. The gliders captured the Pacific Ocean's major oceanographic features including the increased chlorophyll biomass of the California Current and equatorial upwelling. A comparison of satellite sea surface salinity (Aquarius) and glider-measured salinity revealed thin low salinity lenses in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. One glider survived a direct passage through a tropical cyclone. Two gliders traversed an open ocean phytoplankton bloom; extensive spiking in the chlorophyll fluorescence data is consistent with aggregation and highlights another potential future use for the gliders. On long missions, redundant instrumentation would aid in interpreting unusual data streams, as well as a means to periodically image the sensor heads. Instrument placement is critical to minimize bubble-related problems in the data. C1 [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Villareal, Tracy A.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX USA. [Wilson, Cara] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Southwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Villareal, TA (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM tracyv@austin.utexas.edu RI Villareal, Tracy/I-9462-2012 FU Liquid Robotics FX This work is part of a sponsored competition by Liquid Robotics. They have selected 5 teams to prepare a manuscript that will be evaluated by an independent panel. Details may be found at: ? http://liquidr.com/pacx/challenge.html. This paper was selected as the winner and the authors have received a $50,000 research grant award from British Petroleum (deposited at the University of Texas, Austin and 6 months of glider time). This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. NR 61 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 33 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e92280 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0092280 PG 18 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6GL UT WOS:000333355300068 PM 24658053 ER PT J AU Bell, CJ Reid, S Faller, J Hammond, GD Hough, J Martin, IW Rowan, S Tokmakov, KV AF Bell, Chris J. Reid, Stuart Faller, James Hammond, Giles D. Hough, Jim Martin, Iain W. Rowan, Sheila Tokmakov, Kirill V. TI Experimental results for nulling the effective thermal expansion coefficient of fused silica fibres under a static stress SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article DE thermoelastic loss noise; thermal expansion; gravitational wave; suspension; fused silica ID MECHANICAL LOSS; DISSIPATION; DEPENDENCE; SUSPENSION AB We have experimentally demonstrated that the effective thermal expansion coefficient of a fused silica fibre can be nulled by placing the fibre under a particular level of stress. Our technique involves heating the fibre and measuring how the fibre length changes with temperature as the stress on the fibre was systematically varied. This nulling of the effective thermal expansion coefficient should allow for the complete elimination of thermoelastic noise and is essential for allowing second generation gravitational wave detectors to reach their target sensitivity. To our knowledge this is the first time that the cancelation of the thermal expansion coefficient with stress has been experimentally observed. C1 [Bell, Chris J.; Faller, James; Hammond, Giles D.; Hough, Jim; Martin, Iain W.; Rowan, Sheila; Tokmakov, Kirill V.] Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Reid, Stuart] Univ West Scotland, Thin Film Ctr, SUPA, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. [Faller, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Faller, James] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tokmakov, Kirill V.] Univ Strathclyde, Dept Phys, SUPA, Glasgow G4 0NG, Lanark, Scotland. RP Bell, CJ (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, SUPA, Kelvin Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM c.bell.physics.gla@gmail.com FU Royal Society Research Fellowship; STFC; University of Glasgow in the UK; NSF in the USA FX The authors would like to thank Colin Craig and Stephen Craig for their work towards the construction of the laser fibre pulling machine. We would like to thank Professor Kenneth Strain for his assistance taking photographs and Steve Penn for his useful discussions. We would also like to thank our colleagues in the GEO600 project, the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), and the LIGO Scientific Collaboration for their interest in this work. We also wish to thank the ILIAS Strega project and Leverhulme Trust for support. Author IW Martin is supported by a Royal Society Research Fellowship. We are grateful for the financial support provided by the STFC and the University of Glasgow in the UK and the NSF in the USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 EI 1361-6382 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD MAR 21 PY 2014 VL 31 IS 6 AR 065010 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/31/6/065010 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA AC0TF UT WOS:000332207100012 ER PT J AU Simon, JB Armitage, PJ AF Simon, Jacob B. Armitage, Philip J. TI EFFICIENCY OF PARTICLE TRAPPING IN THE OUTER REGIONS OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); planets and satellites: formation; protoplanetary disks; turbulence ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; UNSPLIT GODUNOV METHOD; ACCRETION DISKS; MAGNETOROTATIONAL-INSTABILITY; CONSTRAINED TRANSPORT; PLANETESIMAL FORMATION; DRIVEN ACCRETION; RIEMANN SOLVER; ZONAL FLOWS; IDEAL MHD AB We investigate the strength of axisymmetric local pressure maxima ( zonal flows) in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks, where ambipolar diffusion reduces turbulent stresses driven by the magnetorotational instability. Using local numerical simulations we show that in the absence of net vertical magnetic fields, the strength of turbulence in the ambipolar dominated region of the disk is low and any zonal flows that are present are weak. For net fields strong enough to yield observed protostellar accretion rates, however, zonal flows with a density amplitude of 10%-20% are formed. These strengths are comparable to those seen in simulations of ideal MHD disk turbulence. We investigate whether these zonal flows are able to reverse the inward radial drift of solids, leading to prolonged and enhanced concentration as a prelude to planetesimal formation. For commonly assumed mean surface density profiles (surface density Sigma proportional to r(-1/2) or steeper) we find that the predicted perturbations to the background disk profile do not correspond to local pressure maxima. This is a consequence of radial width of the simulated zonal flows, which is larger than was assumed in prior analytic models of particle trapping. These larger scale flows would only trap particles for higher amplitude fluctuations than observed. We conclude that zonal flows are likely to be present in the outer regions of protoplanetary disks and are potentially large enough to be observable, but are unlikely to lead to strong particle trapping. C1 [Simon, Jacob B.] Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Simon, Jacob B.; Armitage, Philip J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Armitage, Philip J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Simon, JB (reprint author), Southwest Res Inst, Dept Space Studies, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM jbsimon.astro@gmail.com FU NASA [NNX13AI58G]; NSF [AST 1313021]; Space Telescope Science Institute [HST-AR-12814] FX We thank our collaborator Xuening Bai for his work on the ambipolar disk simulations and Rebecca Martin and Jeff Oishi for useful comments regarding this work. We also thank the anonymous referee, whose suggestions greatly enhanced the quality of this work. We acknowledge support from NASA through grant NNX13AI58G, from the NSF through grant AST 1313021, and from grant HST-AR-12814 awarded by the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., for NASA, under contact NAS 5-26555. J.B.S.'s support was provided in part under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute. This research was supported by an allocation of advanced computing resources provided by the National Science Foundation. The computations were performed on Kraken and Nautilus at the National Institute for Computational Sciences through XSEDE grant TG-AST120062. NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2014 VL 784 IS 1 AR 15 DI 10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/15 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA AG5KD UT WOS:000335457000015 ER PT J AU Amaro, RL Rustagi, N Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ AF Amaro, Robert L. Rustagi, Neha Drexler, Elizabeth S. Slifka, Andrew J. TI Sensitivity Analysis of Fatigue Crack Growth Model for API Steels in Gaseous Hydrogen SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE API steel; hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth; model; sensitivity analysis ID PIPELINE STEEL AB A model to predict fatigue crack growth of API pipeline steels in high pressure gaseous hydrogen has been developed and is presented elsewhere. The model currently has several parameters that must be calibrated for each pipeline steel of interest. This work provides a sensitivity analysis of the model parameters in order to provide (a) insight to the underlying mathematical and mechanistic aspects of the model, and (b) guidance for model calibration of other API steels. C1 [Amaro, Robert L.; Rustagi, Neha; Drexler, Elizabeth S.; Slifka, Andrew J.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Struct Mat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Amaro, RL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Struct Mat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.amaro@nist.gov; neharustagi618@gmail.com; elizabeth.drexler@nist.gov; andrew.slifka@nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 20 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 6 EP 14 DI 10.6028/jres.119.002 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AG5IQ UT WOS:000335453100001 PM 26601024 ER PT J AU Konold, P Regmi, CK Chapagain, PP Gerstman, BS Jimenez, R AF Konold, Patrick Regmi, Chola K. Chapagain, Prem P. Gerstman, Bernard S. Jimenez, Ralph TI Hydrogen Bond Flexibility Correlates with Stokes Shift in mPlum Variants SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RED-FLUORESCENT PROTEINS; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; DSRED CHROMOPHORE; EXCITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; HYDRATION; INSIGHT; COLOR AB Fluorescent proteins have revolutionized molecular biology research and provide a means of tracking subcellular processes with extraordinary spatial and temporal precision. Species with emission beyond 650 nm offer the potential for deeper tissue penetration and lengthened imaging times; however, the origin of their extended Stokes shift is not fully understood. We employed spectrally resolved transient grating spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the relationship between the flexibility of the chromophore environment and Stokes shift in mPlum. We examined excited state solvation dynamics in a panel of strategic point mutants of residues E16 and I65 proposed to participate in a hydrogen-bonding interaction thought responsible for its red-shifted emission. We observed two characteristic relaxation constants of a few picoseconds and tens of picoseconds that were assigned to survival times of direct and water-mediated hydrogen bonds at the 16-65 position. Moreover, variants of the largest Stokes shift (mPlum, I65V) exhibited significant decay on both time scales, indicating the bathochromic shift correlates with a facile switching between a direct and water-mediated hydrogen bond. This dynamic model underscores the role of environmental flexibility in the mechanism of excited state solvation and provides a template for engineering next-generation red fluorescent proteins. C1 [Konold, Patrick; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Konold, Patrick; Jimenez, Ralph] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Konold, Patrick; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Regmi, Chola K.; Chapagain, Prem P.; Gerstman, Bernard S.] Florida Int Univ, Dept Phys, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Jimenez, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjimenez@jila.colorado.edu FU NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA; National Institutes of Health [GM083849, SC3GM096903] FX This work was supported by the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JILA and by the National Institutes of Health (GM083849 to R.J. and SC3GM096903 to P.C.). We acknowledge the computing resources provided by the Instructional and Research Computing Center (IRCC) at Florida International University. R.J. is a staff member in the Quantum Physics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this paper in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by the NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 20 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 11 BP 2940 EP 2948 DI 10.1021/jp412371y PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA AD6OX UT WOS:000333381800016 PM 24611679 ER PT J AU Hawkyard, M Laurel, B Langdon, C AF Hawkyard, Matt Laurel, Ben Langdon, Chris TI Rotifers enriched with taurine by microparticulate and dissolved enrichment methods influence the growth and metamorphic development of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) larvae SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Taurine; Wax spray beads; Microparticles; Rotifers; Enrichment; Prey quality ID MARINE FISH LARVAE; DECARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY; JAPANESE FLOUNDER; ACID; SUPPLEMENTATION; REQUIREMENTS; NUTRITION; NUTRIENTS; COPEPODS; ARTEMIA AB Naturally occurring taurine concentrations in rotifers may not meet the nutritional requirements for species of cultured marine fish during the larval stages. Traditional methods for the enrichment of rotifers by immersion in a nutrient solution may be inefficient and may promote the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Microparticles, specifically wax spray beads (WSBs), have the potential to efficiently enrich live prey with water-soluble substances while maintaining optimal wafer quality for larviculture. The objectives of this study were to 1) compare he efficiency of enriching rotifers using wax spray beads (WSBs) versus methods whereby rotifers were immersed in solutions of famine dissolved in the enrichment water (hereon referred to as the dissolved method) and 2) determine if northern rock sole (Lepidupsetta polyxystra) larvae show increased growth and development as a result of elevated concentrations of Laurine in enriched rotifers. Leaching trials and rotifer enrichment trials were conducted to address Objective 1, and a seven week larval growth trial was conducted to address Objective 2. Results indicated that taurine-WSB enrichment was highly efficient, in that rotifers had higher taurine concentrations (by dry weight) and less taurine was used to enrich rotifers compared to the dissolved method. At the end of the seven-week feeding trial, larvae fed taurine-WSB enriched rotifers (Taurine-WSB) as well as those fed rotifers enriched in 4000 mg taurine(-1) (Dissolved 4000 mg l(-1)) were larger than larvae fed rotifers that had not been enriched with taurine (Control). However, larvae fed rotifers enriched in 50 mg taurine l(-1) (Dissolved 50 mg l(-1)) were not significantly larger than larvae in the Control treatment. We conclude that northern rock sole larvae benefit from taurine-enriched rotifers and that enrichment via WSBs is an effective and efficient method for delivering water-soluble nutrients to cold-water fish larvae. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hawkyard, Matt; Langdon, Chris] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Laurel, Ben] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Behav Ecol Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hawkyard, M (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Hawkyard@onid.orst.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Aquaculture Initiative [NA08-OAR-4170841]; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture [2012-67015-19454] FX This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Aquaculture Initiative grant # NA08-OAR-4170841 and by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2012-67015-19454 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. We are grateful for all of the help and assistance provided by researchers and technicians at the NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center and for the use of facilities and resources at the Hatfield Marine Science Center. Finally, we'd like to thank Mike Rust and Wilson Pinto for their feedback during the preparation of this manuscript. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAR 20 PY 2014 VL 424 BP 151 EP 157 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.12.035 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AC3HR UT WOS:000332408400019 ER PT J AU Steyrleuthner, R Di Pietro, R Collins, BA Polzer, F Himmelberger, S Schubert, M Chen, ZH Zhang, SM Salleo, A Ade, H Facchetti, A Neher, D AF Steyrleuthner, Robert Di Pietro, Riccardo Collins, Brian A. Polzer, Frank Himmelberger, Scott Schubert, Marcel Chen, Zhihua Zhang, Shiming Salleo, Alberto Ade, Harald Facchetti, Antonio Neher, Dieter TI The Role of Regioregularity, Crystallinity, and Chain Orientation on Electron Transport in a High-Mobility n-Type Copolymer SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; POLYMER SOLAR-CELLS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; FILM MORPHOLOGY; PERFORMANCE; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); AMBIPOLAR; ACCEPTOR AB We investigated the correlation between the polymer backbone structural regularity and the charge transport properties of poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenediimide-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithio-phene)} [P(NDI2OD-T2)], a widely studied semiconducting polymer exhibiting high electron mobility and an unconventional micromorphology. To understand the influence of the chemical structure and crystal packing of conventional regioregular P(NDI2OD-T2) [RR-P(NDI2OD-T2)] on the charge transport, the corresponding regioirregular polymer RIP(NDI2OD-T2) was synthesized. By combining optical, X-ray, and transmission electron microscopy data, we quantitatively characterized the aggregation, crystallization, and backbone orientation of all of the polymer films, which were then correlated to the electron mobilities in electron-only diodes. By carefully selecting the preparation conditions, we were able to obtain RR-P(NDI2OD-T2) films with similar crystalline structure along the three crystallographic axes but with different orientations of the polymer chains with respect to the substrate surface. RI-P(NDI2OD-T2), though exhibiting a rather similar LUMO structure and energy compared with the regioregular counterpart, displayed a very different packing structure characterized by the formation of ordered stacks along the lamellar direction without detectible pi-stacking. Vertical electron mobilities were extracted from the space-charge-limited currents in unipolar devices. We demonstrate the anisotropy of the charge transport along the different crystallographic directions and how the mobility depends on if-stacking but is insensitive to the degree or coherence of lamellar stacking. The comparison between the regioregular and regioirregular polymers also shows how the use of large planar functional groups leads to improved charge transport, with mobilities that are less affected by chemical and structural disorder with respect to classic semicrystalline polymers such as poly(3-hexylthiophene). C1 [Steyrleuthner, Robert; Di Pietro, Riccardo; Schubert, Marcel; Neher, Dieter] Univ Potsdam, Inst Phys & Astron, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Collins, Brian A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polzer, Frank] Humboldt Univ, Inst Phys, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. [Himmelberger, Scott; Salleo, Alberto] Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Chen, Zhihua; Zhang, Shiming; Facchetti, Antonio] Polyera Corp, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. [Ade, Harald] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Facchetti, A (reprint author), Polyera Corp, 8045 Lamon Ave,Suite 140, Skokie, IL 60077 USA. EM a-facchetti@northwestern.edu; neher@uni-potsdam.de RI Collins, Brian/M-5182-2013; Himmelberger, Scott/I-9219-2014; Zhang, Shiming/M-5959-2016; Neher, Dieter/A-9334-2015; OI Collins, Brian/0000-0003-2047-8418; Himmelberger, Scott/0000-0001-9728-545X; Zhang, Shiming/0000-0002-7062-6661; Schubert, Marcel/0000-0002-8739-4852; Steyrleuthner, Robert/0000-0002-8484-4037 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [CRC 951]; Joint Lab for Structural Research Berlin; DFG [SPP 1355]; NIST-NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship Program; DOE, OS, BES, MSE [DE-FG02-98ER45737]; DOE [DE-AC02-05CH1123]; German Federal Ministry of Science and Education within SOHyb [BMBF FKZ 03X3525D, FKZ 03X3525D]; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Centre HIOS [SFB 951] FX F.P. thanks the CRC 951 of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Joint Lab for Structural Research Berlin for funding. M.S. acknowledges funding by the DFG within the SPP 1355. BAC, acknowledges financial support from the NIST-NRC Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. H.A. was supported by DOE, OS, BES, MSE (DE-FG02-98ER45737). GIXD data were acquired at beamline 7.3.3 of the Advanced Light Source, a National User Facility supported by DOE (DE-AC02-05CH1123). Part of this work was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Science and Education (BMBF FKZ 03X3525D) within SOHyb (FKZ 03X3525D). D.N. thanks the DFG for a travel grant. This work was financially supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) within the Collaborative Research Centre HIOS (SFB 951). The authors acknowledge Gert-Jan Wetzelaer and Jan-Anton Koster for help in the preparation of the SCLC diodes used in this work and Dr. Holm Kirmse for fruitful discussion concerning the TEM results. NR 60 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 18 U2 165 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 19 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 11 BP 4245 EP 4256 DI 10.1021/ja4118736 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AD7HV UT WOS:000333435500026 PM 24524296 ER PT J AU Furukawa, H Gandara, F Zhang, YB Jiang, JC Queen, WL Hudson, MR Yaghi, OM AF Furukawa, Hiroyasu Gandara, Felipe Zhang, Yue-Biao Jiang, Juncong Queen, Wendy L. Hudson, Matthew R. Yaghi, Omar M. TI Water Adsorption in Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks and Related Materials SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID HEAT TRANSFORMATION; SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS; STORAGE APPLICATIONS; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; ENERGY STORAGE; MOFS; SURFACE; UIO-66; PUMP; DEHUMIDIFICATION AB Water adsorption in porous materials is important for many applications such as dehumidification, thermal batteries, and delivery of drinking water in remote areas. In this study, we have identified three criteria for achieving high performing porous materials for water adsorption. These criteria deal with condensation pressure of water in the pores, uptake capacity, and recyclability and water stability of the material. In search of an excellently performing porous material, we have studied and compared the water adsorption properties of 23 materials, 20 of which are metal organic frameworks (MOFs). Among the MOFs are 10 zirconium(IV) MOFs with a subset of these, MOF-801-SC (single crystal form), -802, -805, -806, -808, -812, and -841 reported for the first time. MOF-801-P (microcrystalline powder form) was reported earlier and studied here for its water adsorption properties. MOF-812 was only made and structurally characterized but not examined for water adsorption because it is a byproduct of MOF-841 synthesis. All the new zirconium MOFs are made from the Zr6O4(OH)(4)(-CO2)(n) secondary building units (n = 6, 8, 10, or 12) and variously shaped carboxyl organic linkers to make extended porous frameworks. The permanent porosity of all 23 materials was confirmed and their water adsorption measured to reveal that MOF-801-P and MOF-841 are the highest performers based on the three criteria stated above; they are water stable, do not lose capacity after five adsorption/desorption cycles, and are easily regenerated at room temperature. An X-ray single-crystal study and a powder neutron diffraction study reveal the position of the water adsorption sites in MOF-801 and highlight the importance of the intermolecular interaction between adsorbed water molecules within the pores. C1 [Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Gandara, Felipe; Zhang, Yue-Biao; Jiang, Juncong; Yaghi, Omar M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Furukawa, Hiroyasu; Gandara, Felipe; Zhang, Yue-Biao; Jiang, Juncong; Yaghi, Omar M.] Kavli Energy NanoSci Inst Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20885 USA. RP Yaghi, OM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Div Mat Sci, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM yaghi@berkeley.edu RI EFRC, CGS/I-6680-2012; Gandara, Felipe/B-9198-2013; Stangl, Kristin/D-1502-2015; ZHANG, Yue-Biao/E-7870-2011; Foundry, Molecular/G-9968-2014; Furukawa, Hiroyasu/C-5910-2008; OI Gandara, Felipe/0000-0002-1671-6260; ZHANG, Yue-Biao/0000-0002-8270-1067; Furukawa, Hiroyasu/0000-0002-6082-1738; Queen, Wendy/0000-0002-8375-2341; Yaghi, Omar/0000-0002-5611-3325 FU BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Energy Frontier Research Center Grant [DE-SC0001015]; Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; DOE Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) [DE-AR0000185]; Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-05CH11231]; NIST/NRC Fellowship Program; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences [DE-FG02-12ER16362] FX The work was partially supported for the synthesis by BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany), general adsorption characterization by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Energy Frontier Research Center Grant DE-SC0001015 and by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under U.S. DOE Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, and water adsorption by DOE Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E) (DE-AR0000185). We acknowledge Dr. D. K. Britt and Mr. F. Fatollahi-Fard (The Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) for providing CAU-10 sample, Drs. M. Hmadeh, D. Pen, H. Deng, W. Morris, and A. Duong and Ms. L. Wang from the Yaghi group for their assistance in sample preparation at the initial stages of this work, and Drs. S. Teat and K. Gagnon (Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) for support during the single-crystal diffraction data acquisition at the beamline 11.3.1. Work at the Molecular Foundry and the Advanced Light Source was supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. We thank the NIST/NRC Fellowship Program for the support of M.R.H. We also acknowledge Prof. E. N. Wang (MIT) and Dr. S. Narayanan (MIT), Dr. U. Muller (BASF) and Prof. M. O'Keeffe (ASU) for their interest and invaluable discussions. The in-situ structural work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences under Award DE-FG02-12ER16362. NR 68 TC 283 Z9 284 U1 116 U2 811 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 19 PY 2014 VL 136 IS 11 BP 4369 EP 4381 DI 10.1021/ja500330a PG 13 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AD7HV UT WOS:000333435500040 PM 24588307 ER PT J AU Dodge, KL Galuardi, B Miller, TJ Lutcavage, ME AF Dodge, Kara L. Galuardi, Benjamin Miller, Timothy J. Lutcavage, Molly E. TI Leatherback Turtle Movements, Dive Behavior, and Habitat Characteristics in Ecoregions of the Northwest Atlantic Ocean SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article ID TUNA THUNNUS-THYNNUS; SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; LONG-DISTANCE MIGRATION; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; SEA-TURTLES; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; CARETTA-CARETTA; SCALE MOVEMENTS; GPS TRACKING AB Leatherback sea turtles, Dermochelys coriacea, are highly migratory predators that feed exclusively on gelatinous zooplankton, thus playing a unique role in coastal and pelagic food webs. From 2007 to 2010, we used satellite telemetry to monitor the movements and dive behavior of nine adult and eleven subadult leatherbacks captured on the Northeast USA shelf and tracked throughout the Northwest Atlantic. Leatherback movements and environmental associations varied by oceanographic region, with slow, sinuous, area-restricted search behavior and shorter, shallower dives occurring in cool (median sea surface temperature: 18.4 degrees C), productive (median chlorophyll a: 0.80 mg m(-3)), shallow (median bathymetry: 57 m) shelf habitat with strong sea surface temperature gradients (median SST gradient: 0.23 degrees C km(-1)) at temperate latitudes. Leatherbacks were highly aggregated in temperate shelf and slope waters during summer, early fall, and late spring and more widely dispersed in subtropical and tropical oceanic and neritic habitat during late fall, winter and early spring. We investigated the relationship of ecoregion, satellite-derived surface chlorophyll, satellite-derived sea surface temperature, SST gradient, chlorophyll gradient and bathymetry with leatherback search behavior using generalized linear mixed-effects models. The most well supported model showed that differences in leatherback search behavior were best explained by ecoregion and regional differences in bathymetry and SST. Within the Northwest Atlantic Shelves region, leatherbacks increased path sinuosity (i.e., looping movements) with increasing SST, but this relationship reversed within the Gulf Stream region. Leatherbacks increased path sinuosity with decreasing water depth in temperate and tropical shelf habitats. This relationship is consistent with increasing epipelagic gelatinous zooplankton biomass with decreasing water depth, and bathymetry may be a key feature in identifying leatherback foraging habitat in neritic regions. High-use habitat for leatherbacks in our study occurred in coastal waters of the North American eastern seaboard and eastern Caribbean, putting turtles at heightened risk from land- and ocean-based human activity. C1 [Dodge, Kara L.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Dodge, Kara L.; Galuardi, Benjamin; Lutcavage, Molly E.] Univ Massachusetts Amherst, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Gloucester, MA USA. [Miller, Timothy J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northeast Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Dodge, KL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Biol Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM kara.dodge@post.harvard.edu FU University of New Hampshire; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04NMF4550391]; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation [2008-0076-000]; Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance; Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07NMF4720052] FX KD was supported by a University of New Hampshire Marine Program Fellowship administered by the Large Pelagics Research Center. This study was funded by a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant #NA04NMF4550391 (www.noaa.gov) and National Fish and Wildlife Foundation Grant #2008-0076-000 (www.nfwf.org) to ML. Additional funding was provided by the Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen's Alliance (www.capecodfishermen.org). Turtle disentanglement was supported by the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries through National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Grant #NA07NMF4720052. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. NR 118 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 71 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD MAR 19 PY 2014 VL 9 IS 3 AR e91726 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0091726 PG 17 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AD6ER UT WOS:000333348500048 PM 24646920 ER PT J AU Radney, JG You, RA Ma, XF Conny, JM Zachariah, MR Hodges, JT Zangmeister, CD AF Radney, James G. You, Rian Ma, Xiaofei Conny, Joseph M. Zachariah, Michael R. Hodges, Joseph T. Zangmeister, Christopher D. TI Dependence of Soot Optical Properties on Particle Morphology: Measurements and Model Comparisons SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC BLACK CARBON; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; ORGANIC-CARBON; AGGREGATE MORPHOLOGY; COMPUTER-SIMULATIONS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; MASS ANALYZER; CAVITY RING; SPECTROSCOPY AB We report the first mass-specific absorption and extinction cross sections for size- and mass-selected laboratory-generated soot aerosol. Measurement biases associated with aerosols possessing multiple charges were eliminated using mass selection to isolate singly charged particles for a specified electrical mobility diameter. Aerosol absorption and extinction coefficients were measured using photoacoustic and cavity ring-down spectroscopy techniques, respectively, for lacey and compacted soot morphologies. The measurements show that the mass-specific absorption cross sections are proportional to particle mass and independent of morphology, with values between 5.7 and 6 m(2) g(-1). Mass-specific extinction cross sections were morphology dependent and ranged between 12 and 16 m(2) g(-1) for the lacey and compact morphologies, respectively. The resulting single-scattering albedos ranged from 0.5 to 0.6. Results are also compared to theoretical calculations of light absorption and scattering from simulated particle agglomerates. The observed absorption is relatively well modeled, with minimum differences between the calculated and measured mass absorption cross sections ranging from similar to 5% (lacey soot) to 14% (compact soot). The model, however, was unable to satisfactorily reproduce the measured extinction, underestimating the single-scattering albedo for both particle morphologies. These discrepancies between calculations and measurements underscore the need for validation and refinement of existing models of light scattering and absorption by soot agglomerates. C1 [Radney, James G.; You, Rian; Ma, Xiaofei; Conny, Joseph M.; Zachariah, Michael R.; Hodges, Joseph T.; Zangmeister, Christopher D.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Radney, James G.; You, Rian; Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Radney, James G.; You, Rian; Ma, Xiaofei; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zangmeister, CD (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cdzang@nist.gov OI Radney, James/0000-0001-7324-8769 NR 47 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 18 PY 2014 VL 48 IS 6 BP 3169 EP 3176 DI 10.1021/es4041804 PG 8 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA AE2AP UT WOS:000333776000012 PM 24548253 ER PT J AU Hickstein, DD Dollar, F Gaffney, JA Foord, ME Petrov, GM Palm, BB Keister, KE Ellis, JL Ding, CY Libby, SB Jimenez, JL Kapteyn, HC Murnane, MM Xiong, W AF Hickstein, Daniel D. Dollar, Franklin Gaffney, Jim A. Foord, Mark E. Petrov, George M. Palm, Brett B. Keister, K. Ellen Ellis, Jennifer L. Ding, Chengyuan Libby, Stephen B. Jimenez, Jose L. Kapteyn, Henry C. Murnane, Margaret M. Xiong, Wei TI Observation and Control of Shock Waves in Individual Nanoplasmas SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC CLUSTERS; NUCLEAR-FUSION; LASER; PLASMA; PHOTOELECTRON; EXPLOSIONS; ABSORPTION; DYNAMICS; IONS AB Using an apparatus that images the momentum distribution of individual, isolated 100-nm-scale plasmas, we make the first experimental observation of shock waves in nanoplasmas. We demonstrate that the introduction of a heating pulse prior to the main laser pulse increases the intensity of the shock wave, producing a strong burst of quasimonoenergetic ions with an energy spread of less than 15%. Numerical hydrodynamic calculations confirm the appearance of accelerating shock waves and provide a mechanism for the generation and control of these shock waves. This observation of distinct shock waves in dense plasmas enables the control, study, and exploitation of nanoscale shock phenomena with tabletop-scale lasers. C1 [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Ding, Chengyuan; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Ding, Chengyuan; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hickstein, Daniel D.; Dollar, Franklin; Keister, K. Ellen; Ellis, Jennifer L.; Ding, Chengyuan; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Murnane, Margaret M.; Xiong, Wei] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gaffney, Jim A.; Foord, Mark E.; Libby, Stephen B.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Phys Div, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Petrov, George M.] Naval Res Lab, Div Plasma Phys, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Palm, Brett B.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hickstein, DD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Dollar, Franklin/C-9214-2013; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; OI Dollar, Franklin/0000-0003-3346-5763; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Gaffney, Jim/0000-0002-2408-0047 FU DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences [DE-SC0008803]; DOE [DE-SC0006035, NOAA NA13OAR4310063]; DOE Office of Fusion Energy, HED Laboratory Plasmas Program [AT5015033]; U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-AC52-07NA27344]; Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program FX D. D. H., W. X., F. D., C. D., K. E. K., J. L. E., M. M. M., and H. C. K. acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Fusion Energy Sciences Contract No. DE-SC0008803. B. B. P. and J. L. J. thank DOE Contracts No. DE-SC0006035 and No. NOAA NA13OAR4310063 for support. J. A. G. would like to thank Marty Marinak (LLNL) for his assistance with HYDRA simulations. S. B. L., M. E. F, and J. A. G. acknowledge support from the DOE Office of Fusion Energy, HED Laboratory Plasmas Program, under Grant No. AT5015033. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under Contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. G. M. P. acknowledges support from the Naval Research Laboratory 6.1 Base Program. NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 36 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2014 VL 112 IS 11 AR 115004 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.115004 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA AD0LQ UT WOS:000332925900017 PM 24702383 ER PT J AU Anovitz, LM Cole, DR Swift, A Sheets, J Elston, H Guitierrez, M Cook, A Chipera, SJ Littrell, KC Mildner, DFR Wasbrough, M Wesolowski, DJ AF Anovitz, Lawrence M. Cole, David R. Swift, Alexander Sheets, Julie Elston, H. Guitierrez, M. Cook, Ann Chipera, Steve J. Littrell, Kenneth C. Mildner, David F. R. Wasbrough, Matthew Wesolowski, David J. TI Variations in multiscale (nano to mm) porosity in the Eagle Ford shale as a function of maturity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Anovitz, Lawrence M.; Wesolowski, David J.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Chem Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Cole, David R.; Swift, Alexander; Sheets, Julie; Elston, H.; Guitierrez, M.; Cook, Ann] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Chipera, Steve J.] Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK 73118 USA. [Littrell, Kenneth C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Mildner, David F. R.; Wasbrough, Matthew] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anovitzlm@ornl.gov RI Anovitz, Lawrence/P-3144-2016; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013 OI Anovitz, Lawrence/0000-0002-2609-8750; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 51-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600708 ER PT J AU Biser, T Meyer, RL Stromberg, C Heilweil, EJ AF Biser, Tara Meyer, Rachel L. Stromberg, Christopher Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of[FeFe]-hydrogenase model compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Biser, Tara; Meyer, Rachel L.; Stromberg, Christopher] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tb12@hood.edu; rlm22@hood.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 405-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603787 ER PT J AU Bloch, ED Hudson, MR Queen, WL Mason, JA Zadrozny, JM Chavan, S Bordiga, S Brown, CM Long, JR AF Bloch, Eric D. Hudson, Matthew R. Queen, Wendy L. Mason, Jarad A. Zadrozny, Joseph M. Chavan, Sachin Bordiga, Silvia Brown, Craig M. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Characterization of high-spin metal-carbonyls in metal-organic frameworks with exposed cation sites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bloch, Eric D.; Mason, Jarad A.; Zadrozny, Joseph M.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hudson, Matthew R.; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Queen, Wendy L.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Mol Foundry, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chavan, Sachin; Bordiga, Silvia] Univ Turin, Dept Inorgan Phys & Mat Chem, Turin, Italy. [Brown, Craig M.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ericbloch@berkeley.edu RI Bordiga, Silvia/M-3875-2014 OI Bordiga, Silvia/0000-0003-2371-4156 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 54-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457601159 ER PT J AU Cain, AA Nolen, CR Li, YC Davis, R Grunlan, JC AF Cain, Amanda A. Nolen, Craig R. Li, Yu-Chin Davis, Rick Grunlan, Jaime C. TI Nanobrick walls intercalated with intumescent polymeric mortar create hybrid flame-retardant nanocoatings for foam SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cain, Amanda A.; Nolen, Craig R.; Grunlan, Jaime C.] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Li, Yu-Chin; Davis, Rick] NIST, Flammabil Reduct Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM AmandaACain@gmail.com RI Grunlan, Jaime/K-3242-2016 OI Grunlan, Jaime/0000-0001-5241-9741 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 1-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603860 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM Oxford, GAE AF Chaka, Anne M. Oxford, Gloria A. E. TI Cr(III) adsorption and oxidation on hydrated beta-MnO2(110) and gamma-MnOOH(010) surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chaka, Anne M.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Phys Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Oxford, Gloria A. E.] NIST, Phys Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anne.chaka@pnnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 156-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600798 ER PT J AU Chen, N Sacui, LA Woodcock, J Zammarano, M Stranick, S Myers, G Gilman, JW AF Chen, Ning Sacui, Lulia A. Woodcock, Jeremiah Zammarano, Mauro Stranick, Stephan Myers, Grant Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Preparation of a photoactivatable fluorescent dye labeled epoxy monomer and its application in FRET measurements of sustainable nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chen, Ning; Sacui, Lulia A.; Woodcock, Jeremiah; Stranick, Stephan; Myers, Grant; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Ning; Sacui, Lulia A.; Woodcock, Jeremiah] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM ning.chen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 46-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604449 ER PT J AU Cleary, P Fuhrman, N Schafer, J Fillingham, J Bootsma, H Williams, E Langel, T Brown, S AF Cleary, Patricia Fuhrman, Nathan Schafer, John Fillingham, Joseph Bootsma, Harvey Williams, Eric Langel, Thomas Brown, Steven TI Bias of CMAQ model forecast O-3 output over Lake Michigan by comparison with routine ferry-based O-3 observations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cleary, Patricia; Fuhrman, Nathan] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Eau Claire, WI 54702 USA. [Schafer, John; Fillingham, Joseph; Bootsma, Harvey] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Freshwater Sci, Milwaukee, WI 53204 USA. [Williams, Eric; Langel, Thomas; Brown, Steven] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM clearypa@uwec.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 286-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457600489 ER PT J AU DeCaluwe, SC Dura, JA Robertson, JWF Castaneda, MJ AF DeCaluwe, Steven C. Dura, Joseph A. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Castaneda, Monica J. TI In situ neutron reflectometry of Nafion thin film properties in model PEMFC catalyst layers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [DeCaluwe, Steven C.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Mech Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Robertson, Joseph W. F.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Castaneda, Monica J.] Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM decaluwe@mines.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 431-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603810 ER PT J AU Dura, JA AF Dura, Joseph A. TI In-operando electrochemical neutron reflectometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dura, Joseph A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.dura@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 244-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603644 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Chandran, P Nieuwendaal, R Hammouda, B Douglas, J Xu, B Horkay, F AF Gao, Yuan Chandran, Preethi Nieuwendaal, Ryan Hammouda, Boualem Douglas, Jack Xu, Bing Horkay, Ferenc TI Formation of enzyme instructed supramolecular hydrogels/nanofibers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gao, Yuan; Chandran, Preethi; Horkay, Ferenc] NICHD, PPITS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Nieuwendaal, Ryan; Douglas, Jack] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Xu, Bing] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM yuan.gao@nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 632-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457605164 ER PT J AU Gao, Y Berciu, C Chandran, P Nieuwendaal, R Kuang, Y Douglas, J Nicastro, D Horkay, F Xu, B AF Gao, Yuan Berciu, Cristina Chandran, Preethi Nieuwendaal, Ryan Kuang, Yi Douglas, Jack Nicastro, Daniela Horkay, Ferenc Xu, Bing TI Probing self-assembly of non-fluorescent small molecules inside live mammalian cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gao, Yuan; Chandran, Preethi; Horkay, Ferenc] NICHD, PPITS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Nieuwendaal, Ryan; Douglas, Jack] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, Yuan; Kuang, Yi; Xu, Bing] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. [Berciu, Cristina; Nicastro, Daniela] Brandeis Univ, Dept Biol, Waltham, MA 02453 USA. EM yuan.gaog@nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 407-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604796 ER PT J AU Gilman, J AF Gilman, Jeffrey TI Flammability of polymer nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Gilman, Jeffrey] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 191-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604171 ER PT J AU Johnson, JO Letterman, RG Heilweil, EJ Webster, CE Burkey, TJ AF Johnson, Jermaine O. Letterman, Roger G. Heilweil, Edwin J. Webster, Charles Edwin Burkey, Theodore J. TI Synthesis and characterization of (eta(5)-Pentalenyl)Mn(CO)(2) complexes with tethered functional groups: Development of organometallic photochromes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Johnson, Jermaine O.; Letterman, Roger G.; Webster, Charles Edwin; Burkey, Theodore J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjhnsn26@memphis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 286-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457601376 ER PT J AU Li, XY ShamsiJazeyi, H Pesek, SL Agrawal, A Hammouda, B Verduzco, R AF Li, Xianyu ShamsiJazeyi, Hadi Pesek, Stacy L. Agrawal, Aditya Hammouda, Boualem Verduzco, Rafael TI Thermoresponsive bottlebrush polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Li, Xianyu; ShamsiJazeyi, Hadi; Pesek, Stacy L.; Agrawal, Aditya; Verduzco, Rafael] Rice Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xl11@rice.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 263-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604659 ER PT J AU Liddle, JA AF Liddle, James A. TI High-throughput measurements for carbon nanotube composite manufacturing SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Liddle, James A.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 678-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457605205 ER PT J AU Lin, EK AF Lin, Eric K. TI Panel discussion: Emerging frontiers of polymer science and engineering SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lin, Eric K.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lin@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 164-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604146 ER PT J AU Orski, SV Sheridan, RJ Chan, EP Beers, KL AF Orski, Sara V. Sheridan, Richard J. Chan, Edwin P. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Quantitative determination of grafting density in polymer brushes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Orski, Sara V.; Sheridan, Richard J.; Chan, Edwin P.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sara.orski@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 80-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604482 ER PT J AU Pitkanen, L Striegel, AM AF Pitkaenen, Leena Striegel, Andre M. TI Characterization of star polystyrenes and their linear analogs by non-aqueous asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pitkaenen, Leena; Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leena.pitkanen@nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 285-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604681 ER PT J AU Richter, LJ AF Richter, Lee J. TI In-situ studies of organic photovoltaic active layer formation and stability SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 156-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604138 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Brewer, AK AF Striegel, Andre M. Brewer, Amandaa K. TI Particle characterization by multi-detector HDC SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Striegel, Andre M.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brewer, Amandaa K.] Tosoh Biosci, King Of Prussia, PA 19406 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 109-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604511 ER PT J AU Stromberg, CI Heilweil, EJ AF Stromberg, Christopher I. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Ultraviolet/visible pump, time-resolved infrared probe spectroscopy of [FeFe]-hydrogenase model compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stromberg, Christopher I.] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Measurements Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stromberg@hood.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 442-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603821 ER PT J AU Wei, ZW Feng, DW Krungleviciute, V Park, J Ferrando, J Zhou, HC Yildirim, T AF Wei, Zhangwen Feng, Dawei Krungleviciute, Vaiva Park, Jinhee Ferrando, Jesus Zhou, Hong-Cai Yildirim, Taner TI Tuning structures of metal-organic frameworks for gas adsorption application SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wei, Zhangwen; Feng, Dawei; Park, Jinhee; Ferrando, Jesus; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelhia, PA 19104 USA. EM zhangwen.wei@mail.chem.tamu.edu RI Wei, Zhangwen/D-2536-2016 OI Wei, Zhangwen/0000-0002-8378-2479 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 625-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457601700 ER PT J AU White, EM Seppala, JE Rushworth, PM Sharma, S Locklin, J AF White, Evan M. Seppala, Jonathan E. Rushworth, Parker M. Sharma, Suraj Locklin, Jason TI Switching the adhesive state of catecholic hydrogels using phototitration SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [White, Evan M.; Rushworth, Parker M.; Sharma, Suraj; Locklin, Jason] Univ Georgia, Dept Chem, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Seppala, Jonathan E.] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM emwhite@uga.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 343-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604738 ER PT J AU Woodcock, JW Sacui, I Chen, NW Zammarano, M Stranick, SW Gilman, JW AF Woodcock, Jeremiah W. Sacui, Iulia Chen, Ning W. Zammarano, Mauro Stranick, Stephen W. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Study of dynamics at a composite interphase as a result of applied stress using FRET SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Woodcock, Jeremiah W.; Sacui, Iulia; Chen, Ning W.; Stranick, Stephen W.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Woodcock, Jeremiah W.; Sacui, Iulia; Chen, Ning W.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Zammarano, Mauro] Amer Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM jww@nist.gov; Mauro.Zammarano@nist.gov; jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 226-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457604623 ER PT J AU Zhou, W AF Zhou, Wei TI Missing-linker defects in porous zirconium metal-organic frameworks and their important effects on gas adsorption SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhou, Wei] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 312-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HZ UT WOS:000348457603704 ER PT J AU Chua, YS Pei, QJ Ju, XH Zhou, W Udovic, TJ Wu, GT Xiong, ZT Chen, P Wu, H AF Chua, Yong Shen Pei, Qijun Ju, Xiaohua Zhou, Wei Udovic, Terrence J. Wu, Guotao Xiong, Zhitao Chen, Ping Wu, Hui TI Alkali metal hydrazinoboranes for hydrogen storage SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chua, Yong Shen; Zhou, Wei; Udovic, Terrence J.; Wu, Hui] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chua, Yong Shen; Ju, Xiaohua; Wu, Guotao; Xiong, Zhitao; Chen, Ping] Chinese Acad Sci, Dalian Inst Chem Phys, Dalian Natl Lab Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, Peoples R China. [Pei, Qijun] Sichuan Univ, Sch Phys Sci & Technol, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, Peoples R China. EM huiwu@nist.gov RI Chua, Yong Shen/J-3551-2016 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 75-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455205082 ER PT J AU Davis, AC Manion, JA AF Davis, Alexander C. Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Experimental and theoretical study of the reaction of 2,5-Dimethylfuran with H and CH3 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Davis, Alexander C.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alexander.davis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 205-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455205203 ER PT J AU Dumas, M de Gouw, J Gilman, J Lerner, B Huges, D Jaksich, A AF Dumas, Megan de Gouw, Joost Gilman, Jessica Lerner, Brian Huges, Dagen Jaksich, Alyssa TI Volatile organic compound emissions in the Southeastern United States SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dumas, Megan] Stonehill Coll, Easton, MA 02357 USA. [Dumas, Megan; de Gouw, Joost; Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Gouw, Joost; Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Huges, Dagen; Jaksich, Alyssa] Hendrix Coll, Conway, AR 72032 USA. EM mdumas@students.stonehill.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 701-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455202596 ER PT J AU Hsieh, PY Widegren, JA Fortin, TJ Bruno, TJ AF Hsieh, Peter Y. Widegren, Jason A. Fortin, Tara J. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Composite thermophysical property characterization of hydrotreated renewable and Fischer-Tropsch synthetic fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hsieh, Peter Y.; Widegren, Jason A.; Fortin, Tara J.; Bruno, Thomas J.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM peter.hsieh@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 18-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455205027 ER PT J AU Hughes, D Jaksich, A Gilman, J Lerner, B Graus, M Dumas, M de Gouw, J Hatch, CD AF Hughes, Dagen Jaksich, Aiyssa Gilman, Jessica Lerner, Brian Graus, Martin Dumas, Megan de Gouw, Joost Hatch, Courtney D. TI Aircraft measurements of biogenic, urban, and industrial emissions in Arkansas SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hughes, Dagen; Jaksich, Aiyssa; Hatch, Courtney D.] Hendrix Coll, Dept Chem, Conway, AR 72032 USA. [Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian; Graus, Martin; de Gouw, Joost] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dumas, Megan] Stonehill Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, MA 02357 USA. EM HughesDD@hendrix.edu; JaksichAM@hendrix.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 706-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455202601 ER PT J AU Langdon, BB Kastantin, M Walder, R Schwartz, DK AF Langdon, Blake B. Kastantin, Mark Walder, Robert Schwartz, Daniel K. TI Single-molecule observations of dynamic protein-protein associations at the solid-liquid interface SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Langdon, Blake B.; Kastantin, Mark; Schwartz, Daniel K.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walder, Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Walder, Robert] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM blake.langdon@gmail.com RI Walder, Robert/E-9502-2010 OI Walder, Robert/0000-0002-2904-4539 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA BIOT-362 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455201037 ER PT J AU Petersen, EI Reipa, V Watson, SS Stanley, DL Rabb, S Nelson, B AF Petersen, Elijah I. Reipa, Vytas Watson, Stephanie S. Stanley, Deborah L. Rabb, Savelas Nelson, Bryant TI DNA damaging potential of photoactivated P25 titanium dioxide nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Petersen, Elijah I.; Reipa, Vytas; Rabb, Savelas; Nelson, Bryant] NIST, Mat Management Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Watson, Stephanie S.; Stanley, Deborah L.] NIST, Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elijah.petersen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 404-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455204150 ER PT J AU Reipa, V Rhieu, S daSilva, S AF Reipa, Vytas Rhieu, Steve daSilva, Sandra TI Silver nitrate as a control in silver nanoparticle toxicity tests SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Reipa, Vytas; Rhieu, Steve; daSilva, Sandra] NIST, Biosyst & Biomat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytas@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 401-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455204147 ER PT J AU Roberts, CJ Chen, VK AF Roberts, Christopher J. Chen, Vincent K. TI Protein-protein interactions at low and high concentrations: "Patchy" particles, clustering, and phase behavior SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Roberts, Christopher J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Chen, Vincent K.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cjr@udel.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 74-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455200645 ER PT J AU Rosado-Reyes, CM Tsang, W AF Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M. Tsang, Wing TI Thermal stability of larger carbonyl compounds: 2-methylbutyraldehyde SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rosado-Reyes, Claudette M.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM claudette.rosado-reyes@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 208-ENFL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455205206 ER PT J AU Striegel, AM Morris, MJ AF Striegel, Andre M. Morris, Mallory J. TI Glycosidic linkage and the solution conformational entropy of gluco- and mannobioses SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 247th National Spring Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society (ACS) CY MAR 16-20, 2014 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Striegel, Andre M.; Morris, Mallory J.] NIST, Div Chem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morris, Mallory J.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM andre.striegel@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 247 MA 57-CARB PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA AZ8HD UT WOS:000348455201174 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Mapes, BE Wang, CZ Enfield, DB Weaver, SJ AF Lee, Sang-Ki Mapes, Brian E. Wang, Chunzai Enfield, David B. Weaver, Scott J. TI Springtime ENSO phase evolution and its relation to rainfall in the continental U. S. SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE ENSO evolution in spring; U; S; rainfall in spring; ENSO teleconnection ID EL-NINO; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; UNITED-STATES; TEMPERATURE; PRECIPITATION; PATTERNS; CLIMATE; EVENTS AB Springtime El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phase evolution and associated U.S. rainfall variability are explored by performing composite analysis of observational data. Although the tropical Pacific ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies are weaker and less coherent in boreal spring compared to those in winter, there are unique and significant patterns of U.S. rainfall anomalies frequently appearing during the onset and decay phases of ENSO. In early spring of a decaying El Nino, the atmospheric jet stream and associated storm track shift southward, causing more frequent wet conditions across the southern U.S. and dry conditions in a belt south and east of the Ohio River. In late spring of a developing El Nino, the synoptic activity over the U.S. reduces overall and the southwesterly low-level winds that carry moist air from the Gulf of Mexico to the U.S. shift westward, causing a similar dipole of rainfall anomalies between the southern U.S. and the Ohio Valley. Key Points Springtime ENSO phase evolution and its relation to U.S. rainfall is explored Coherent springtime ENSO SST anomalies exist in the central tropical Pacific Significant patterns of U.S. rainfall anomalies covary with ENSO phase in spring C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33124 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki; Wang, Chunzai; Enfield, David B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mapes, Brian E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Weaver, Scott J.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, College Pk, MD USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33124 USA. EM Sang-Ki.Lee@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 FU NOAA Climate Program Office through its MAPP program [NA12OAR4310083]; NSF [0731520]; ONR [N000141310704] FX We would like to thank two anonymous reviewers, Greg Foltz and Libby Johns for their thoughtful comments and careful reviews. This work was supported by NOAA Climate Program Office through its MAPP program [grant NA12OAR4310083]. B. E. M. acknowledges support by NSF [grant 0731520] and ONR [grant N000141310704]. NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1673 EP 1680 DI 10.1002/2013GL059137 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD9IO UT WOS:000333578800045 ER PT J AU Wang, P Li, J Li, JL Li, ZL Schmit, TJ Bai, WG AF Wang, Pei Li, Jun Li, Jinlong Li, Zhenglong Schmit, Timothy J. Bai, Wenguang TI Advanced infrared sounder subpixel cloud detection with imagers and its impact on radiance assimilation in NWP SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article DE AIRS subpixel cloud detection; MODIS cloud mask; data assimilation; Hurricane Sandy ID MODIS; AIRS; SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; SOUNDINGS; FORECASTS; PRODUCTS; ECMWF; GSI AB Accurate cloud detection is very important for infrared (IR) radiance assimilation; improved cloud detection could reduce cloud contamination and hence improve the assimilation. Although operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers are using IR sounder radiance data for cloud detection, collocated high spatial resolution imager data could help sounder subpixel cloud detection and characterization. IR sounder radiances with improved cloud detection using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were assimilated for Hurricane Sandy (2012). Forecast experiments were run with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) as the forecast model and the Three-Dimensional Variational Assimilation (3DVAR)-based Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) as the analysis system. Results indicate that forecasts of both hurricane track and intensity are substantially improved when the collocated high spatial resolution MODIS cloud mask is used for AIRS subpixel cloud detection for assimilating radiances. This methodology can be applied to process Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (CRIS)/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi-NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)/Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) onboard the Metop series for improved radiance assimilation in NWP. Key Points The application of AIRS subpixel cloud detection with 1 km MODIS cloud The analysis fields with assimilation of accurate clear radiances are improved The forecasts are substantially improved with the AIRS subpixel cloud detection C1 [Wang, Pei; Li, Jun; Li, Jinlong; Li, Zhenglong] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Bai, Wenguang] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Meteorol Satellite Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Wang, P (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM pei.wang@ssec.wisc.edu RI Li, Jun/H-3579-2015; Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010 OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627; FU NOAA GOES-R High-Impact Weather (HIW); JPSS Risk Reduction; JCSDA FFO [NA10NES4400013] FX The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for the valuable suggestions and comments to improve the quality of this paper. This work is supported by NOAA GOES-R High-Impact Weather (HIW), JPSS Risk Reduction, and JCSDA FFO programs NA10NES4400013. We appreciate Agnes Lim at CIMSS for help in applying the GSI system and Yong-Keun Lee at CIMSS for providing MODIS/AIRS products. Fuzhong Weng and Steve Ackerman are also thanked for their helpful suggestions and discussions on this research. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's or U.S. government's position, policy, or decision. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1773 EP 1780 DI 10.1002/2013GL059067 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA AD9IO UT WOS:000333578800059 ER PT J AU Boylan, P Helmig, D Staebler, R Turnipseed, A Fairall, C Neff, W AF Boylan, Patrick Helmig, Detlev Staebler, Ralf Turnipseed, Andrew Fairall, Chris Neff, William TI Boundary layer dynamics during the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea-Ice-Snow (OASIS) 2009 experiment at Barrow, AK SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE boundary layer depth; OASIS; ozone; turbulence; sonic anemometer; surface layer ID SOUTH-POLE; OZONE DEPLETION; DOME-C; ANTARCTICA; SURFACE; NO; GREENLAND; CHEMISTRY; HEIGHT; SUMMIT AB Three-dimensional atmospheric turbulence measurements were conducted from seven sonic anemometers on two different towers in Barrow, AK, during the spring of 2009 as part of the Ocean-Atmosphere-Sea-Ice-Snow (OASIS) campaign. This was the largest number of side-by-side atmospheric turbulence measurements in the Arctic at one time. These analyses allowed for (1) a comparison of the instrumental measurement approaches and (2) a comparison of the variability of the lower atmospheric surface layer at these measurement heights and tower sites. Friction velocity estimates were affected for a sonic anemometer that was operated on the tower in the near vicinity of a building module. Boundary layer height (BLH) was estimated from sonic anemometer measurements based both on a turbulence variable estimator and a temperature gradient method. Results from both methods were compared to radiosonde-estimated BLH and generally underestimated the BLH for shallower depths. Conditions with low BLH (< 100m) often lasted for several days. The seven ozone depletion events (ODE) that were observed during the OASIS campaign had a tendency of coinciding with BLH of less than 50m and stable atmospheric conditions; however, there was not a clear relationship between the occurrence of ODE and wind speed or wind direction as ODE occurred under a wide range of conditions of BLH, wind speed, local wind direction, and atmospheric stability. Comparisons of these surface layer dynamics to sites in Antarctica and Greenland reveal that boundary layer dynamics are not the primary driving force that fosters the unique ozone chemistry at this coastal Arctic site. Key Points Sustained shallow boundary layer height observed at coastal arctic site Agreement of seven sonic anemometers deployed in arctic field study. Ozone depletion events had a tendency to coincide with low boundary layer height C1 [Boylan, Patrick; Helmig, Detlev] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Staebler, Ralf] Environm Canada, Air Qual Proc Res Sect, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Turnipseed, Andrew] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Fairall, Chris; Neff, William] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu FU NSF [ARC0902165, 0806437]; U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate, and Environmental Sciences Division FX The tethered balloon experiment was funded by NSF grant ARC0902165. Radiosonde data were obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Climate, and Environmental Sciences Division. Additional support to NCAR under NSF grant 0806437 is gratefully acknowledged. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research and is supported by the National Science Foundation. NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2261 EP 2278 DI 10.1002/2013JD020299 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700017 ER PT J AU Chang, EC Yeh, SW Hong, SY Kim, JE Wu, RG Yoshimura, K AF Chang, Eun-Chul Yeh, Sang-Wook Hong, Song-You Kim, Jung-Eun Wu, Renguang Yoshimura, Kei TI Study on the changes in the East Asian precipitation in the mid-1990s using a high-resolution global downscaled atmospheric data set SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE DA126; East Asian; precipitation ID TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; SUMMER MONSOON; INDIAN-OCEAN; EL-NINO; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE; RAINFALL; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; PATTERN AB A high-resolution global atmospheric data set (DA126) is used to understand the East Asian summer precipitation variability. It is found that a fine resolution of the DA126 precipitation data is able to reveal the detailed structures of the rainfall variability over East Asia and southern China in comparison with global analysis precipitation data sets such as the Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP). The first two empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) of the DA126 precipitation data over East Asia accurately reflect a decadal shift in rainfall over southern China in the mid-1990s. Furthermore, the first EOF-related precipitation of the DA126 is related to the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability (i.e., El Nino/Southern Oscillation), and the second EOF-related precipitation is associated with the Indian Ocean SST variability. Consequently, the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean SSTs have different associations with the East Asian monsoon precipitation variability. However, it is difficult to find such a relationship in the first two EOFs of the CMAP data set over East Asia. Using the DA126 precipitation data set, our further analysis indicates that warming of both the tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean causes an increase in the rainfall anomaly over southern China after the mid-1990s, which results in a decadal shift in the rainfall anomaly after the mid-1990s. In addition, the first EOF-related precipitation is associated with both the Pacific-Japan-like (PJ-like) pattern and the Eurasian-like pattern. In contrast, the second EOF-related precipitation is only associated with the PJ-like wave trains from the western Pacific to East Asia. Key Points A high-resolution global atmospheric dataset (DA126) is introduced DA126 is able to reveal the detailed structures of the rainfall variability Changes in the east asian precipitation in the mid-1990s are explained C1 [Chang, Eun-Chul] Kongju Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Gongju, South Korea. [Yeh, Sang-Wook] Hanyang Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Marine Sci & Convergent Technol, Ansan, South Korea. [Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Hong, Song-You] Yonsei Univ, Global Environm Lab, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Kim, Jung-Eun] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Wu, Renguang] Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Inst Space & Earth Informat Sci, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yoshimura, Kei] Univ Tokyo, Atmosphere & Ocean Res Inst, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. RP Yeh, SW (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Coll Sci & Technol, Dept Environm Marine Sci & Convergent Technol, Ansan, South Korea. EM swyeh@hanyang.ac.kr RI Yoshimura, Kei/F-2041-2010; Yeh, Sang-Wook/G-3007-2014; Hong, Song-You/I-3824-2012 OI Yoshimura, Kei/0000-0002-5761-1561; Yeh, Sang-Wook/0000-0003-4549-1686; FU Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program [CATER 2012-3041] FX We appreciate the valuable comments on the initial manuscript by the three anonymous reviewers. This work is funded by the Korean Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant CATER 2012-3041. NR 47 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2279 EP 2293 DI 10.1002/2013JD020903 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700018 ER PT J AU Kopp, TJ Thomas, W Heidinger, AK Botambekov, D Frey, RA Hutchison, KD Iisager, BD Brueske, K Reed, B AF Kopp, Thomas J. Thomas, William Heidinger, Andrew K. Botambekov, Denis Frey, Richard A. Hutchison, Keith D. Iisager, Barbara D. Brueske, Kurt Reed, Bonnie TI The VIIRS Cloud Mask: Progress in the first year of S-NPP toward a common cloud detection scheme SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE clouds ID ALGORITHM AB The Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Cloud Mask (VCM) determines, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, whether or not a given location contains cloud. The VCM serves as an intermediate product (IP) between the production of VIIRS sensor data records and 22 downstream Environmental Data Records that each depends upon the VCM output. As such, the validation of the VCM IP is critical to the success of the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) product suite. The methods used to validate the VCM and the current results are presented in this paper. Detailed analyses of golden granules along with tools providing deep insights into granule performance, and specific cloud detection tests reveal the details behind a given granule's performance. Matchup results with CALIPSO, in turn, indicate the large-scale performance of the VCM and whether or not it is meeting its specifications. Comparisons with other cloud masks indicate comparable performance for the determination of clear pixels. As of September 2013 the VCM is either meeting or within 2% of all of its documented requirements. Key Points The VIIRS Cloud Mask is meeting most of its objectives after 1 year The VIIRS Cloud Mask serves the needs of a wide variety of VIIRS applications The VIIRS Cloud Mask is comparable to cloud masks from NOAA and NASA C1 [Kopp, Thomas J.] Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. [Thomas, William] Mitre Corp, Mclean, VA USA. [Heidinger, Andrew K.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI USA. [Botambekov, Denis; Frey, Richard A.] Univ Wisconsin Madison, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Hutchison, Keith D.; Iisager, Barbara D.] Northrop Grumman, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Brueske, Kurt] Raytheon Co, Omaha, NE USA. [Reed, Bonnie] Global Sci & Technol Corp Inc, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kopp, TJ (reprint author), Aerosp Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. EM Thomas.J.Kopp@aero.org RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X FU JPSS Program Office Data Products and Algorithms Division (DPA) FX This work was funded by the JPSS Program Office Data Products and Algorithms Division (DPA) led by Heather Kilcoyne. Much of the data used here was provided by the Atmospheric PEATE at the University of Wisconsin SSEC. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. All trademarks, service marks, and trade names are the property of their respective owners. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2441 EP 2456 DI 10.1002/2013JD020458 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700027 ER PT J AU Lee, HJ Kim, SW Brioude, J Cooper, OR Frost, GJ Kim, CH Park, RJ Trainer, M Woo, JH AF Lee, H-J Kim, S-W Brioude, J. Cooper, O. R. Frost, G. J. Kim, C-H. Park, R. J. Trainer, M. Woo, J-H TI Transport of NOx in East Asia identified by satellite and in situ measurements and Lagrangian particle dispersion model simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article DE satellite; NOx; East Asia; Transport ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; OZONE MONITORING INSTRUMENT; TROPOSPHERIC NO2; AIR-QUALITY; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; COLUMN RETRIEVAL; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; NORTH-AMERICA; TERM CHANGES; EMISSIONS AB Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns observed from space have been useful in detecting the increase of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in East Asia, particularly China, coinciding with rapid economic growth during the past several decades. NO2 columns retrieved above a particular location reflect a combination of local NOx emissions and transported NOx from upwind sources. In this study, we demonstrate the transport of NOx emitted in East Asia using satellite and surface in situ measurements and Lagrangian particle dispersion model simulations. Enhanced satellite NO2 columns in the Yellow Sea (between China and South Korea) and the East Sea (between South Korea and Japan), and different seasonal variations of NO2 in China, North and South Korea, and Japan, suggest the importance of NOx transport in understanding the local NOx budget. Lagrangian transport model simulations with tracers of different chemical lifetimes identify source-receptor relationships that explain high NO2 over the oceans and springtime peaks in Korea and Japan, with China being the most likely source region. Our results have important implications for studies using satellite NO2 retrievals to derive NOx emissions at local scales in regions adjacent to large sources, such as in East Asia, Europe, and the Eastern U.S. Key Points Satellite demonstrates springtime transport of NOx over Korea and Japan Transport from China explains large NO2 columns over the Yellow Sea Transport of NOx is important in understanding local budget of NOx2 column data from the OMI, SCIAMACHY and GOME2 sensors from www.temis.nl and OMI data from NASA and University of Bremen. The NO2 data products of GOME2 were generated using level 1 data developed within the O3MSAF project of the EUMETSAT. The Korea Meteorological Administration and Korea Ministry of Environment operate surface meteorological stations and air quality monitoring stations, respectively, in South Korea. This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2013R1A1A2057732). The first author acknowledges support from the NOAA visiting scientist program. Rokjin Park was supported by the GEMS Program of the Ministry of Environment, Korea, and the Eco Innovation Program of KEITI (ARQ201204015). The NOAA Health of Atmosphere program also supported this study. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 119 IS 5 BP 2574 EP 2596 DI 10.1002/2013JD021185 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AE3OL UT WOS:000333885700035 ER PT J AU Gorham, JM Rohlfing, AB Lippa, KA MacCuspie, RI Hemmati, A Holbrook, RD AF Gorham, Justin M. Rohlfing, Anne B. Lippa, Katrice A. MacCuspie, Robert I. Hemmati, Amy Holbrook, R. David TI Storage Wars: how citrate-capped silver nanoparticle suspensions are affected by not-so-trivial decisions SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Silver nanoparticles; Storage; Characterization; Citrate capped; Oxidation; Photochemistry; Nanofluid stability ID ION RELEASE KINETICS; ORGANIC-CARBON; DISSOLUTION; TOXICITY; TRANSFORMATIONS; AGGREGATION; PERSISTENCE; ABSORBENCY; DEPENDENCE; STABILITY AB A critical but often overlooked component of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) suspensions involves their behavior following short- and long-term storage. The current study investigates the integrity of citrate-capped AgNP suspensions, nominally 20 nm in average diameter, in a series of distinct storage conditions, based on possible combinations of reasonable decisions researchers make, both nanoparticle-based (AgNP and relative citrate concentration) and environmental-based (solution oxygenation and ambient light or dark). AgNP integrity was determined by monitoring single particle stability, aggregation/agglomeration, and oxidation for 104 days. We demonstrate that AgNP suspensions lose their physical and chemical integrity by two distinct processes: (1) oxidation only (light-independent) and (2) oxidation followed by photo-reduction (light-dependent), following initial dilution from a concentrated (and newly synthesized) AgNP stock solution. Optical spectroscopy indicates that the effects of oxidation are readily observed while the effects of photo-reduction are less obvious, leading to a greater increase in average particle diameter, the formation of new, metallic nanoparticles, and the oxidation of the parent citrate capping agent. In general, the overall integrity of citrate-capped AgNP suspensions are best maintained when these solutions are purged with nitrogen gas and stored in the dark at the highest AgNP and citrate concentrations. This study outlines a strategy for both assessing and monitoring the integrity of AgNP suspensions in an effort to harmonize long-term experiments and promote inter-laboratory consistency. C1 [Gorham, Justin M.; Rohlfing, Anne B.; Lippa, Katrice A.; MacCuspie, Robert I.; Hemmati, Amy; Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gorham, JM (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM justin.gorham@nist.gov OI Gorham, Justin/0000-0002-0569-297X FU NRC; NIST SURF program FX JMG would like to acknowledge the NRC for funding his postdoctoral fellowship. ABR would like to thank the NIST SURF program for funding her summer undergraduate research fellowship. Furthermore, JMG would like to thank Vince Hackley for advice, input, and helpful discussion regarding DLS measurements. NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 7 U2 51 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 EI 1572-896X J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD MAR 16 PY 2014 VL 16 IS 4 AR 2339 DI 10.1007/s11051-014-2339-9 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AD2BP UT WOS:000333038200003 ER PT J AU Whitall, D Mason, A Pait, A Brune, L Fulton, M Wirth, E Vandiver, L AF Whitall, David Mason, Andrew Pait, Anthony Brune, Lia Fulton, Michael Wirth, Ed Vandiver, Lisa TI Organic and metal contamination in marine surface sediments of Guanica Bay, Puerto Rico SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE Reefs; Pollution; Pesticides; PCBs; Metals; Toxicity AB Land based sources of pollution have the potential to adversely impact valuable coral reef ecosystems. In Guanica Bay (Puerto Rico) sediment samples collected and analyzed in 2009 demonstrate unusually high concentrations of total chlordane, total PCBs, nickel and chromium. A variety of other contaminants (total DDT, total PAHs, As, Cu, Hg, and Zn) were also at levels which may indicate sediment toxicity. With the exception of chromium, all of these contaminants were detected in coral tissues (Porites astreoides), although it is unclear at what level these contaminants affect coral health. PCBs and chlordane are environmentally persistent and likely represent legacy pollution from historical uses in close geographic proximity to the Bay. We hypothesize that the high nickel and chromium levels are due to a combination of naturally high Ni and Cr in rock and soils in the watershed, and enhanced (human driven) erosional rates. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Whitall, David; Mason, Andrew; Pait, Anthony; Brune, Lia; Fulton, Michael; Wirth, Ed] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Vandiver, Lisa] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC USA. RP Whitall, D (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM dave.whitall@noaa.gov FU NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science FX The authors would like to thank Captain Angel Nazario for his patience and knowledge aboard the Aquanata during sample collection. This work was funded by NOAA's Coral Reef Conservation Program and NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 39 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 293 EP 301 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.12.053 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA AE4IQ UT WOS:000333946500045 PM 24447634 ER PT J AU Crosti, C Duthinh, D AF Crosti, Chiara Duthinh, Dat TI A nonlinear model for gusset plate connections SO ENGINEERING STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Bridges; Connections; Finite-element analysis; Gusset plate; Nonlinear springs; Steel truss AB The investigation of the 2007 collapse of the 1-35 W Highway Bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, used very detailed nonlinear finite-element (FE) analysis. On the other hand, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provided simple guidelines for the load rating of gusset plates, but load rating was never intended to capture the actual behavior of gusset plates. The approach proposed here combines the accuracy of the first method with the simplicity of the second. From the detailed FE analysis of a single joint, the stiffness matrix of semi-rigid equivalent springs (linear in a simple model, nonlinear in a more advanced model) was derived by applying forces and moments to the free end of each portion of member (hereafter called stub member) that framed into the joint, one action at a time, while keeping the ends of the other stub members fixed. The equivalent springs were then placed in a global model, which was in turn verified against a global, detailed FE analysis of the 1-35 W Highway Bridge. The nonlinear equivalent spring model was able to predict the correct failure mode. The approach was applied to a Howe truss bridge as an example of performance prediction of bridges with semi-rigid connections, most of them of one type. As the simplified spring model was developed from a detailed FE analysis of the joint considered, this approach would not be justified if all joints had to be modeled in detail. Examples where the approach can be used include: structures where only specific joints need to be investigated (e.g., joints subjected to concentrated loads), and structures where the same joint model can be used repeatedly at multiple locations. In some cases, the effort required in performing detailed FE analyses of many joints in order to develop simplified models can be justified if the simplified models can be used in subsequent multiple load cases, thus leading to overall computational savings. Under these circumstances, the nonlinear connection model proposed here provides a simple and affordable way to account for connection performance in global analysis. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Crosti, Chiara] Sapienza Univ Rome, Rome, Italy. [Duthinh, Dat] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chiara.crosti@uniroma1.it; dduthinh@nist.gov NR 29 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-0296 EI 1873-7323 J9 ENG STRUCT JI Eng. Struct. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 62-63 BP 135 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.engstruct.2014.01.026 PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA AE2DR UT WOS:000333784000013 ER PT J AU Quinlan, F Baynes, FN Fortier, TM Zhou, QG Cross, A Campbell, JC Diddams, SA AF Quinlan, Franklyn Baynes, Fred N. Fortier, Tara M. Zhou, Qiugui Cross, Allen Campbell, Joe C. Diddams, Scott A. TI Optical amplification and pulse interleaving for low-noise photonic microwave generation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SHOT-NOISE; LASERS; TRAINS AB We investigate the impact of pulse interleaving and optical amplification on the spectral purity of microwave signals generated by photodetecting the pulsed output of an Er: fiber-based optical frequency comb. It is shown that the microwave phase noise floor can be extremely sensitive to delay length errors in the interleaver, and the contribution of the quantum noise from optical amplification to the phase noise can be reduced similar to 10 dB for short pulse detection. We exploit optical amplification, in conjunction with high power handling modified unitraveling carrier photodetectors, to generate a phase noise floor on a 10 GHz carrier of -175 dBc/Hz, the lowest ever demonstrated in the photodetection of a mode-locked fiber laser. At all offset frequencies, the photodetected 10 GHz phase noise performance is comparable to or better than the lowest phase noise results yet demonstrated with stabilized Ti:sapphire frequency combs. C1 [Quinlan, Franklyn; Baynes, Fred N.; Fortier, Tara M.; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhou, Qiugui; Cross, Allen; Campbell, Joe C.] Univ Virginia, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Quinlan, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fquinlan@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST; DARPA PULSE program FX We thank William Loh and Pascal Del'Haye for helpful comments on this manuscript. This research was supported by NIST and the DARPA PULSE program. It is a contribution of an agency of the US government and is not subject to copyright in the USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 EI 1539-4794 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1581 EP 1584 DI 10.1364/OL.39.001581 PG 4 WC Optics SC Optics GA AD0SG UT WOS:000332943800063 PM 24690843 ER PT J AU Yu, MX Li, QF Hayes, MJ Svoboda, MD Heim, RR AF Yu, Meixiu Li, Qiongfang Hayes, Michael J. Svoboda, Mark D. Heim, Richard R. TI Are droughts becoming more frequent or severe in China based on the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index: 1951-2010? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE China; drought trends; severity and frequency; SPEI ID NORTHERN CHINA; MILLENNIUM; CLIMATE AB The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was computed based on the monthly precipitation and air temperature values at 609 locations over China during the period 1951-2010.Various characteristics of drought across China were examined including: long-term trends, percentage of area affected, intensity, duration, and drought frequency. The results revealed that severe and extreme droughts have become more serious since late 1990s for all of China (with dry area increasing by approximate to 3.72% per decade); and persistent multi-year severe droughts were more frequent in North China, Northeast China, and western Northwest China; significant drying trends occurred over North China, the southwest region of Northeast China, central and eastern regions of Northwest China, the central and southwestern parts of Southwest China and southwestern and northeastern parts of western Northwest mainly due to a decrease in precipitation coupled with a general increase in temperature. In addition, North China, the western Northwest China, and the Southwest China had their longest drought durations during the 1990s and 2000s. Droughts also affected western Northwest, eastern Northwest, North, and Northeast regions of China more frequently during the recent three decades. The results of this article could provide certain references and triggers for establishing a drought early warning system in China. (c) 2013 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Yu, Meixiu; Li, Qiongfang] Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrology Water Resources & Hydraul, Jinguanlou Bldg,1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Yu, Meixiu; Hayes, Michael J.; Svoboda, Mark D.] Univ Nebraska, Natl Drought Mitigat Ctr, Lincoln, NE USA. [Li, Qiongfang] Hohai Univ, Coll Hydrol & Water Resources, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Li, Qiongfang] Hohai Univ, Ctr Int River Res, Sch Business, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. [Heim, Richard R.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Li, QF (reprint author), Hohai Univ, State Key Lab Hydrology Water Resources & Hydraul, Jinguanlou Bldg,1 Xikang Rd, Nanjing 210098, Jiangsu, Peoples R China. EM li_qiongfang@hotmail.com FU National Science Foundation Commission, China [41171220]; Ministry of Sciences and Technology, China [2012BAB03B03]; Ministry of Water Resources, China [200901045]; Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University [IRT0717]; Ministry of Education, China; '111' Project [B08048] FX Financial support is gratefully acknowledged from the National Science Foundation Commission under Grant No. 41171220, China, the project (2012BAB03B03) sponsored by the Ministry of Sciences and Technology, China, the project (200901045) sponsored by the Ministry of Water Resources, China, the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University under Grant No. IRT0717, Ministry of Education, China, and the '111' Project under Grant B08048. The authors also express their thanks to the National Climate Centre (NCC) of China Meteorological Administration (CMA). NR 49 TC 65 Z9 77 U1 17 U2 80 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 545 EP 558 DI 10.1002/joc.3701 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB9EK UT WOS:000332092900002 ER PT J AU Donat, MG Peterson, TC Brunet, M King, AD Almazroui, M Kolli, RK Boucherf, D Al-Mulla, AY Nour, AY Aly, AA Nada, TAA Semawi, MM Dashti, HA Salhab, TG Fadli, KI Muftah, MK Eida, SD Badi, W Driouech, F Rhaz, K Abubaker, MJY Ghulam, AS Erayah, AS Ben Mansour, M Alabdouli, WO Dhanhani, JS Al Shekaili, MN AF Donat, M. G. Peterson, T. C. Brunet, M. King, A. D. Almazroui, M. Kolli, R. K. Boucherf, Djamel Al-Mulla, Anwar Yousuf Nour, Abdourahman Youssouf Aly, Ahmed Attia Nada, Tamer Ali Ali Semawi, Muhammad M. Al Dashti, Hasan Abdullah Salhab, Tarek G. El Fadli, Khalid I. Muftah, Mohamed K. Eida, Sidaty Dah Badi, Wafae Driouech, Fatima El Rhaz, Khalid Abubaker, Mohammed J. Y. Ghulam, Ayman S. Erayah, Amani Sanhouri Ben Mansour, Maher Alabdouli, Waleed O. Al Dhanhani, Jemie Salem Al Shekaili, Majed N. TI Changes in extreme temperature and precipitation in the Arab region: long-term trends and variability related to ENSO and NAO SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate extremes; climate change; observations; temperature; precipitation; ENSO; NAO ID CLIMATE EXTREMES; MONITORING CHANGES; MIDDLE-EAST; F-TEST; INDEXES; 20TH-CENTURY; PROJECTIONS; 2ND-HALF; DATASET; IMPACTS AB A workshop was held in Casablanca, Morocco, in March 2012, to enhance knowledge of climate extremes and their changes in the Arab region. This workshop initiated intensive data compilation activities of daily observational weather station data from the Arab region. After conducting careful control processes to ensure the quality and homogeneity of the data, climate indices for extreme temperatures and precipitation were calculated.This study examines the temporal changes in climate extremes in the Arab region with regard to long-term trends and natural variability related to ENSO and NAO. We find consistent warming trends since the middle of the 20th Century across the region. This is evident in the increased frequencies of warm days and warm nights, higher extreme temperature values, fewer cold days and cold nights and shorter cold spell durations. The warming trends seem to be particularly strong since the early 1970s. Changes in precipitation are generally less consistent and characterised by a higher spatial and temporal variability; the trends are generally less significant. However, in the western part of the Arab region, there is a tendency towards wetter conditions. In contrast, in the eastern part, there are more drying trends, although, these are of low significance.We also find some relationships between climate extremes in the Arab region and certain prominent modes of variability, in particular El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The relationships of the climate extremes with NAO are stronger, in general, than those with ENSO, and are particularly strong in the western part of the Arab region (closer to the Atlantic Ocean). The relationships with ENSO are found to be more significant towards the eastern part of the area of study. (c) 2013 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Donat, M. G.; King, A. D.] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Donat, M. G.; King, A. D.] Univ New S Wales, ARC Ctr Excellence Climate Syst Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Peterson, T. C.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. [Brunet, M.] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Ctr Climate Change, Dept Geog, E-43007 Tarragona, Spain. [Brunet, M.] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Almazroui, M.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Ctr Excellence Climate Change Res, Dept Meteorol, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Kolli, R. K.] World Meteorol Org, Geneva, Switzerland. [Boucherf, Djamel] Natl Climat Ctr, Algiers, Algeria. [Al-Mulla, Anwar Yousuf] Transport Civil Aviat Affairs, Manama, Bahrain. [Nour, Abdourahman Youssouf] Climate Unit, Minist Transport, Djibouti, Djibouti. [Aly, Ahmed Attia; Nada, Tamer Ali Ali] Minist Civil Aviat, Cairo, Egypt. [Semawi, Muhammad M.] Jordan Meteorol Dept, Amman, Jordan. [Al Dashti, Hasan Abdullah] DGCA, Dept Meteorol, Safa, Kuwait. [Salhab, Tarek G.] Minist Publ Works & Transport, Beirut, Lebanon. [El Fadli, Khalid I.; Muftah, Mohamed K.] Libyan Natl Meteorol Ctr, Tripoli, Libya. [Eida, Sidaty Dah] Off Natl Meteorol, Nouakchott, Mauritania. [Badi, Wafae; Driouech, Fatima; El Rhaz, Khalid] Direct Meteorol Nationale, Casablanca, Morocco. [Abubaker, Mohammed J. Y.] Palestinian Meteorol Off, Ramallah, Israel. [Ghulam, Ayman S.] Presidency Meteorol & Environm, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. [Erayah, Amani Sanhouri] SMA, Khartoum, Sudan. [Ben Mansour, Maher] Natl Weather Inst, Tunis, Tunisia. [Alabdouli, Waleed O.] UAE Airforce & Air Def, Fujairah, U Arab Emirates. [Al Dhanhani, Jemie Salem; Al Shekaili, Majed N.] Natl Ctr Meteorol & Seismol, Abu Dhabi, U Arab Emirates. RP Donat, MG (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. EM m.donat@unsw.edu.au RI Donat, Markus/J-8331-2012; OI Donat, Markus/0000-0002-0608-7288; King, Andrew/0000-0001-9006-5745; Manola, Brunet-India/0000-0002-9386-710X FU multi-agency project under the framework of RICCAR; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA); Australian Research Council [LP100200690, CE110001028]; European Community [242093] FX This workshop is part of the Regional Initiative for the Assessment of the Impact of Climate Change on Water Resources and Socio-Economic Vulnerability in the Arab Region (RICCAR) coordinated by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA); more information is available at www.escwa.un/RICCAR. It was funded through a multi-agency project under the framework of RICCAR, by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), with technical support by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and its Commission for Climatology (CCl) and logistic support by ESCWA and the Moroccan weather service, the Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale (DMN). In particular, we acknowledge Carol Chouchani Cherfane and Tarek Sadek from ESCWA and Abdallah Mokssit, Director of DMN, Permanent Representative of Morocco with WMO and Third Vice-President of WMO, without whose excellent organisation the workshop would not have been possible. Markus Donat was also supported by Australian Research Council grant LP100200690, and Andrew King is supported by Australian Research Council grant CE110001028. Manola Brunet acknowledges the support of the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under Grant Agreement 242093 (EURO4M: European Reanalysis and Observations for Monitoring). We are grateful to Lisa Alexander for helpful discussions. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. NR 38 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 5 U2 40 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD MAR 15 PY 2014 VL 34 IS 3 BP 581 EP 592 DI 10.1002/joc.3707 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA AB9EK UT WOS:000332092900005 ER PT J AU Held, I AF Held, Isaac TI Simplicity Amid Complexity SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLIMATE; LATITUDE; FUTURE C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Held, I (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM isaac.held@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 14 PY 2014 VL 343 IS 6176 BP 1206 EP 1207 DI 10.1126/science.1248447 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA AC7RG UT WOS:000332728500022 PM 24626917 ER PT J AU Jalarvo, N Gourdon, O Ehlers, G Tyagi, M Kumar, SK Dobbs, KD Smalley, RJ Guise, WE Ramirez-Cuesta, A Wildgruber, C Crawford, MK AF Jalarvo, Niina Gourdon, Olivier Ehlers, Georg Tyagi, Madhusudan Kumar, Sanat K. Dobbs, Kerwin D. Smalley, Robert J. Guise, William E. Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal Wildgruber, Christoph Crawford, Michael K. TI Structure and Dynamics of Octamethyl-POSS Nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CH STRETCHING FREQUENCIES; POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SILSESQUIOXANES; HARMONIC VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; SCALE FACTORS; BOND LENGTHS; METHYL-GROUP; AB-INITIO; VARIABLE-TEMPERATURE; MOTIONAL COLLAPSE AB Polyoligosilsesquioxanes (POSS) are a large family of Si-O cage molecules that have diameters of 1-2 nm and can be viewed as perfectly monodisperse silica nanoparticles. POSS can be synthesized with a wide variety of functional ligands attached to their surfaces. Here we report the results of a comprehensive study of the crystal structure and ligand dynamics of one of the simplest POSS nanoparticles, octamethyl-POSS or Si8O12(CH3)(8), where the central Si8O12 cage is surrounded by eight methyl ligands. Neutron powder diffraction data highlight the presence of strongly temperature-dependent methyl group rotational dynamics. Vibrational spectra were measured using Raman and inelastic neutron scattering techniques, and the results of the measurements were compared with the predictions of density functional theory calculations. In particular, the inelastic neutron scattering spectra show the fundamental and first overtone transitions of the methyl torsional vibrations; these transitions are forbidden in both Raman and infrared spectroscopy for the molecule with its ideal octahedral symmetry. The energies of these transitions are used to determine the height of the torsional energy barrier. Direct measurements of the methyl group dynamics using quasielastic incoherent neutron scattering provide the hydrogen atom jump distance and the activation energy for rotation of the methyl groups. Together these results provide a detailed picture of the structure and ligand dynamics of this POSS molecule. C1 [Jalarvo, Niina] Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH, JCNS, Outstn, Oak Ridge Natl Lab,SNS, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Jalarvo, Niina; Gourdon, Olivier; Ramirez-Cuesta, Anibal; Wildgruber, Christoph] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Chem & Engn Mat Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Ehlers, Georg] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Quantum Condensed Matter Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Tyagi, Madhusudan] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kumar, Sanat K.] Columbia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Dobbs, Kerwin D.; Smalley, Robert J.; Guise, William E.; Crawford, Michael K.] DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. RP Crawford, MK (reprint author), DuPont Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. EM michael.k.crawford@dupont.com RI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/A-4296-2010; Instrument, CNCS/B-4599-2012; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Jalarvo, Niina/Q-1320-2015 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Ramirez-Cuesta, Timmy/0000-0003-1231-0068; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; Jalarvo, Niina/0000-0003-0644-6866 FU ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy; U.S. DOE [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772, DMR-1006514] FX A portion of this research at ORNL's Spallation Neutron Source was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing some of the neutron research facilities used in this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. S.K.K. thanks the National Science Foundation (DMR-1006514) for partial support of this research. We thank Professor Herbert L. Strauss of the Chemistry Department, University of California, Berkeley for very helpful discussions concerning analysis of the variable-temperature Raman data and Dr. John J. Rush of the NIST Center for Neutron Research for illuminating discussions concerning our neutron scattering data. Identification of commercial products does not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that these are the best for the purpose. NR 65 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD MAR 13 PY 2014 VL 118 IS 10 BP 5579 EP 5592 DI 10.1021/jp412228r PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA AD1PK UT WOS:000333005700059 ER PT J AU Kubarych, ZJ Abbott, PJ AF Kubarych, Zeina J. Abbott, Patrick J. TI The Dissemination of Mass in the United States: Results and Implications of Recent BIPM Calibrations of US National Prototype Kilograms SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BIPM calibration; calibration; dissemination; kilogram; mass metrology; mass stability; national prototypes; national standards; platinum-iridium kilograms; recalibration of US national standard; SI unit of mass AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is responsible for the dissemination of the unit of mass within the United States of America through the national prototype kilogram K20 and its check standard K4. These platinum-iridium artifacts have been in use since 1889 and are periodically sent to the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) for recalibration. The following is a brief description of the roles of the national prototype kilograms in the dissemination of mass in the United States of America, and the implications for NIST mass calibration customers of the most recent recalibrations of K20 and K4. C1 [Kubarych, Zeina J.; Abbott, Patrick J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kubarych, ZJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zeina.kubarych@nist.gov; patrick.abbott@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 12 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.6028/jres.119.001 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AD4TW UT WOS:000333244600001 PM 26601023 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B AF Hammouda, Boualem TI Are Bragg Peaks Gaussian? SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bragg peaks; Gaussian function; McStas1; ray tracing simulation; resolution function; small-angle neutron scattering ID SCATTERING; RESOLUTION AB It is common practice to assume that Bragg scattering peaks have Gaussian shape. The Gaussian shape function is used to perform most instrumental smearing corrections. Using Monte Carlo ray tracing simulation, the resolution of a realistic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) instrument is generated reliably. Including a single-crystal sample with large d-spacing, Bragg peaks are produced. Bragg peaks contain contributions from the resolution function and from spread in the sample structure. Results show that Bragg peaks are Gaussian in the resolution-limited condition (with negligible sample spread) while this is not the case when spread in the sample structure is non-negligible. When sample spread contributes, the exponentially modified Gaussian function is a better account of the Bragg peak shape. This function is characterized by a non-zero third moment (skewness) which makes Bragg peaks asymmetric for broad neutron wavelength spreads. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM boualem.hammouda@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0944772] FX This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0944772. Help from Sylvain Desert and Emmanuel Farhi with the McStas package and from Hideo Fujii with the OriginPro software is greatly appreciated. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 13 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 12 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 15 EP 24 DI 10.6028/jres.119.003 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AD4TY UT WOS:000333244800001 PM 26601025 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA Nelson, GK AF Lombardi, Michael A. Nelson, Glenn K. TI WWVB: A Half Century of Delivering Accurate Frequency and Time by Radio SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE broadcasting; frequency; radio; standards; time ID CALIFORNIA; EARTHQUAKE; STANDARDS; CLOCK AB In commemoration of its 50th anniversary of broadcasting from Fort Collins, Colorado, this paper provides a history of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) radio station WWVB. The narrative describes the evolution of the station, from its origins as a source of standard frequency, to its current role as the source of time-of-day synchronization for many millions of radio controlled clocks. C1 [Lombardi, Michael A.; Nelson, Glenn K.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.lombardi@nist.gov; glenn.nelson@nist.gov NR 91 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR 12 PY 2014 VL 119 BP 25 EP 54 DI 10.6028/jres.119.004 PG 30 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA AD4TY UT WOS:000333244800002 PM 26601026 ER PT J AU Stan, G Solares, SD AF Stan, Gheorghe Solares, Santiago D. TI Frequency, amplitude, and phase measurements in contact resonance atomic force microscopies SO BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contact-resonance AFM; dynamic AFM; frequency modulation; phase-locked loop; viscoelasticity ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-DISSIPATION; EXCITATION; MODULATION; MODE AB The resonance frequency, amplitude, and phase response of the first two eigenmodes of two contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) configurations, which differ in the method used to excite the system (cantilever base vs sample excitation), are analyzed in this work. Similarities and differences in the observables of the cantilever dynamics, as well as the different effect of the tip-sample contact properties on those observables in each configuration are discussed. Finally, the expected accuracy of CR-AFM using phase-locked loop detection is investigated and quantification of the typical errors incurred during measurements is provided. C1 [Stan, Gheorghe] NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Stan, Gheorghe; Solares, Santiago D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Stan, G (reprint author), NIST, Mat Measurement Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM gheorghe.stan@nist.gov NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 48 PU BEILSTEIN-INSTITUT PI FRANKFURT AM MAIN PA TRAKEHNER STRASSE 7-9, FRANKFURT AM MAIN, 60487, GERMANY SN 2190-4286 J9 BEILSTEIN J NANOTECH JI Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. PD MAR 12 PY 2014 VL 5 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.3762/bjnano.5.30 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA AC8KZ UT WOS:000332783200001 PM 24778949 ER PT J AU Watanabe, T Lopez, CG Douglas, JF Ono, T Cabral, JT AF Watanabe, Takaichi Lopez, Carlos G. Douglas, Jack F. Ono, Tsutomu Cabral, Joao T. TI Microfluidic Approach to the Formation of Internally Porous Polymer Particles by Solvent Extraction SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED DRUG-DELIVERY; MICROSPHERES; DISSOLUTION; DEVICE; FABRICATION; MICROCAPSULES; MICROREACTORS; LITHOGRAPHY; GENERATION; DIFFUSION AB We report the controlled formation of internally porous polyelectrolyte particles with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers through selective solvent extraction using microfluidics. Solvent-resistant microdevices, fabricated by frontal photopolymerization, encapsulate binary polymer (P)/solvent (Si) mixtures by a carrier solvent phase (C) to form plugs with well-defined radii and low polydispersity; the suspension is then brought into contact with a selective extraction solvent (S2) that is miscible with C and Si but not P, leading to the extraction of Si from the droplets. The ensuing phase inversion yields polymer capsules with a smooth surface but highly porous internal structure. Depending on the liquid extraction time scale, this stage can be carried out in situ, within the chip, or ex situ, in an external S2 bath. Bimodal polymer plugs are achieved using asymmetrically inverted T junctions. For this demonstration, we form sodium poly(styrenesulfonate) (P) particles using water (S1), hexadecane (C), and methyl ethyl ketone (S2). We measure droplet extraction rates as a function of drop size and polymer concentration and propose a simple scaling model to guide particle formation. We find that the extraction time required to form particles from liquid droplets does not depend on the initial polymer concentration but is rather proportional to the initial droplet size. The resulting particle size follows a linear relationship with the initial droplet size for all polymer concentrations, allowing for the precise control of particle size. The internal particle porous structure exhibits a polymer density gradient ranging from a dense surface skin toward an essentially hollow core. Average particle porosities between 10 and 50% are achieved by varying the initial droplet compositions up to IS wt % polymer. Such particles have potential applications in functional, optical, and coating materials. C1 [Watanabe, Takaichi; Lopez, Carlos G.; Cabral, Joao T.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. [Watanabe, Takaichi; Ono, Tsutomu] Okayama Univ, Grad Sch Nat Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Chem, Kita Ku, Okayama 7008530, Japan. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cabral, JT (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem Engn, London SW7 2AZ, England. EM j.cabral@imperial.ic.ac.uk RI Lopez, Carlos/O-7836-2014; Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Lopez, Carlos/0000-0001-6160-632X; Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X FU Erasmus Mundus-Beam program; Royal Academy of Engineering FX We thank Y. Wang and J. Davies for assistance during SEM measurements and microchip fabrication, A. S. H. Aw and L. L. Tan for the bidisperse droplet experiments, E. Boek for access to the rheometer and O. K. Matar for useful discussions on modeling droplet evaporation. We acknowledge the Erasmus Mundus-Beam program for a scholarship for T.W. and The Royal Academy of Engineering for a Distinguished Visitor Fellowship for J.F.D. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 5 U2 95 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 11 PY 2014 VL 30 IS 9 BP 2470 EP 2479 DI 10.1021/la404506b PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AF2VT UT WOS:000334571300019 PM 24568261 ER PT J AU Barin, G Krungleviciute, V Gomez-Gualdron, DA Sarjeant, AA Snurr, RQ Hupp, JT Yildirim, T Farha, OK AF Barin, Gokhan Krungleviciute, Vaiva Gomez-Gualdron, Diego A. Sarjeant, Amy A. Snurr, Randall Q. Hupp, Joseph T. Yildirim, Taner Farha, Omar K. TI Isoreticular Series of (3,24)-Connected Metal-Organic Frameworks: Facile Synthesis and High Methane Uptake Properties SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-GAS STORAGE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SURFACE-AREAS; CU-24(ISOPHTHALATE)(24) CUBOCTAHEDRA; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; POROUS MATERIALS; CURRENT RECORDS; BUILDING UNITS; ADSORPTION; DESIGN AB We have successfully used a highly efficient copper-catalyzed "click" reaction for the synthesis of a new series of hexacarboxylic acid linkers with varying sizes for the construction of isoreticular (3,24)-connected metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-namely, NU-138, NU-139, and NU-140. One of these MOFs, NU-140, exhibits a gravimetric methane uptake of 0.34 g/g at 65 bar and 298 K, corresponding to almost 70% of the DOE target (0.5 g/g), and has a working capacity (deliverable amount between 65 and 5 bar) of 0.29 g/g, which translates into a volumetric working capacity of 170 cc(STP)/cc. These values demonstrate that NU-140 performs well for methane storage purposes, from both a gravimetric and a volumetric point of view. Adsorption of CO2 and H-2 along with simulated isotherms are also reported. C1 [Barin, Gokhan; Sarjeant, Amy A.; Hupp, Joseph T.; Farha, Omar K.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krungleviciute, Vaiva; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Gomez-Gualdron, Diego A.; Snurr, Randall Q.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Farha, Omar K.] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM taner@seas.upenn.edu; o-farha@northwestern.edu RI Snurr, Randall/B-6699-2009; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Faculty of, Sciences, KAU/E-7305-2017 FU U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-08ER46522]; DOE ARPA-E; Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project FX T.Y. acknowledges the support by the U.S. Department of Energy through BES Grant no. DE-FG02-08ER46522. The Northwestern group gratefully acknowledges DOE ARPA-E and the Stanford Global Climate and Energy Project for support of work relevant to CH4 and CO2, respectively. NR 64 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 EI 1520-5002 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 11 PY 2014 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1912 EP 1917 DI 10.1021/cm404155s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA AD0GV UT WOS:000332913400020 ER PT J AU Takatsu, H Nenert, G Kadowaki, H Yoshizawa, H Enderle, M Yonezawa, S Maeno, Y Kim, J Tsuji, N Takata, M Zhao, Y Green, M Broholm, C AF Takatsu, Hiroshi Nenert, Gwilherm Kadowaki, Hiroaki Yoshizawa, Hideki Enderle, Mechthild Yonezawa, Shingo Maeno, Yoshiteru Kim, Jungeun Tsuji, Naruki Takata, Masaki Zhao, Yang Green, Mark Broholm, Collin TI Magnetic structure of the conductive triangular-lattice antiferromagnet PdCrO2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; BERRY PHASE; HEISENBERG-ANTIFERROMAGNET; SOLID OXYGEN; OXIDES; FERROMAGNET; CHIRALITY; LICRO2; STATE AB We performed neutron single-crystal and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction experiments in order to investigate the magnetic and crystal structures of the conductive layered triangular-lattice antiferromagnet PdCrO2 with a putative spin chirality, which contributes to an unconventional anomalous Hall effect. We revealed that the ground-state magnetic structure is a commensurate and nearly coplanar 120 degrees spin structure. The 120 degrees planes in different Cr layers seem to tilt with one another, leading to a small noncoplanarity. Such a small but finite noncoplanar stacking of the 120 degrees planes gives rise to a finite scalar spin chirality, which may be responsible for the unconventional nature of the Hall effect of PdCrO2. C1 [Takatsu, Hiroshi; Kadowaki, Hiroaki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Nenert, Gwilherm; Enderle, Mechthild] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Yoshizawa, Hideki] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, Neutron Sci Lab, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Yonezawa, Shingo; Maeno, Yoshiteru] Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Kim, Jungeun; Tsuji, Naruki; Takata, Masaki] Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst SPring, Sayo, Hyogo 6795198, Japan. [Zhao, Yang; Broholm, Collin] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Zhao, Yang] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhao, Yang] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Green, Mark] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Takatsu, H (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. RI Enderle, Mechthild/E-8832-2014; Yonezawa, Shingo/J-2317-2016 OI Enderle, Mechthild/0000-0001-7304-2162; Yonezawa, Shingo/0000-0002-7476-3604 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; [22840036]; [24740240] FX We thank T. Oguchi, S. Tatsuya, G. Tatara, R. Higashinaka, and Y. Nakai for useful discussions. We also acknowledge the Institut Laue Langevin for beam time allocation. This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up (Grant No. 22840036) and for Young Scientists (B) (Grant No. 24740240) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. NR 53 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 38 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI